Podcasts about Xie

Last time we spoke about the 800 heroes who defended the Sihang Warehouse. In the fall of Shanghai during October 1937, amidst overwhelming odds, a small battalion under Colonel Xie Jinyuan took a stand inside the Sihang Warehouse, transforming it into a fortress against the invading Japanese army. As word spread of their stand, local citizens rallied, providing vital supplies and cheers of encouragement from across the Suzhou Creek. The defenders, dubbed the "800 Heroes," symbolized hope and determination. Despite suffering heavy casualties, they held firm, embodying the spirit of resistance against aggression. As dawn broke on November 1, 1937, a strategic retreat was ordered, allowing Xie's remaining troops to escape safely into the International Settlement. Their legacy endured, highlighting the courage of those who fought against overwhelming odds. The saga of the "800 Heroes" became a beacon of hope for future generations, immortalizing their determination to protect their homeland during one of its darkest hours.   #162 The Battle of Shanghai #7: The Fall of Shanghai Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The fall of the Sihang Warehouse and withdrawal from Zhabei and Jiangwan doomed the Chinese defense of Shanghai. The army shifted to a fortified defensive line along the southern bank of Suzhou Creek, extending north towards the city of Nanxiang. Suzhou Creek provided an advantageous defensive position, acting as a natural barrier measuring up to 150 feet wide, with steep banks rising seven feet on either side. However, once this line was abandoned, there would be no fallback position remaining. Losing control of Suzhou Creek would be the loss of Shanghai. As German advisor Borchardt noted, “the Chinese command was therefore putting all its efforts into holding the position for as long as possible, without risking the annihilation of units crucial for continuing the war.” The Japanese planned their main assault directly south across Suzhou Creek to encircle the troops stationed in Shanghai. However, they first needed to create sufficient space for maneuvering. To achieve this and to secure their right flank, they launched a significant attack on Nanxiang on October 28, advancing along the railway from Shanghai. With the benefit of extensive support from aircraft and artillery, the Japanese were able to breach the Chinese frontline with relative ease. Nevertheless, they failed to capture Nanxiang, and the outcome was less of a victory than it initially appeared, as the Chinese had established a robust defense, preparing a two-mile stretch of obstacles and barriers east of the city. In a subsequent advance that shifted to the south, the Japanese engaged in a brief battle before seizing the town of Zhenru, which was strategically important due to its radio station that facilitated much of Shanghai's telephone and telegraphic communications with the outside world. In preparation for crossing Suzhou Creek, the Japanese had spent several days assembling a small fleet of vessels commandeered from Shanghai's civilian population, which included motorboats, sampans, and basic bamboo barges. On October 31, the 3rd Japanese Infantry Division, positioned at the eastern end of the Suzhou Creek front, initiated several crossings. During one of these attacks in the late afternoon near the village of Zhoujiaqiao, Japanese soldiers managed to reach the southern bank but were immediately met with enfilading fire from Chinese machine guns, resulting in significant casualties. They also faced counterattacks from Chinese reserves, who had been quickly summoned to neutralize the threat. Despite these challenges, the Japanese were able to maintain a narrow foothold. A parallel attempt by the same division further downstream, closer to the International Settlement, ended in failure, despite the evident superiority of Japanese equipment. Engineers deployed a mile-long smokescreen across the creek, while a dozen three-engine bombers, protected by fighter planes, hovered over the battlefield, actively scouting for targets. Although a small landing party successfully crossed the creek, they were quickly met with a fierce artillery barrage, and a Chinese counterattack forced them back into the water. Foreign military observers speculated that this operation was more a reconnaissance mission than a serious attempt to cross in that sector, as engaging in battle so close to the International Settlement would have required operations in heavily built-up areas. On November 1, three battalions of the 9th Japanese Division attacked in small boats across Suzhou Creek at the point where the Chinese frontline bent northward, successfully establishing a bridgehead on the other side. Over the next two days, the division managed to deploy a substantial number of troops across, eventually controlling an area that stretched about half a mile along the south bank of the creek. The following day, the Chinese launched a determined effort to eliminate this growing threat. While they made significant gains, they ultimately failed to eradicate the Japanese landing party, partly due to their inability to fully utilize their considerable artillery resources. At the beginning of the day's battle, just 60 feet separated the trenches of the opposing forces, meaning any barrage aimed at the Japanese was equally likely to hit Chinese lines. At dawn on November 3rd, the exhausted Tax Police Division were taking horrible losses trying to hold the Japanese back. Men began to scream “poison gas” as white clouds drifted across the Suzhou creek towards their trenches. Despite this the Japanese had not managed to carve out a bridgehead, but did built a pontoon bridge and sent a small force over to occupy a two story building near the bank, designated as “the red house”. Huang Jie, commander of the Tax Police Division, was a nervous wreck, feeling overwhelmed by fatalism after Chiang Kai-shek threatened to court-martial any officer who permitted the Japanese to cross to the southern bank of the creek. The appearance of an ominous cloud was the final straw. Although the cloud was later confirmed to be just a smoke screen and not poisonous gas, Huang was already defeated. With another Japanese assault imminent, he felt incapable of leading the defense. “It's over. It's all over,” he said matter-of-factly, raising his sidearm to his temple. Nearby, senior officer Sun Liren intervened, urging him, “General, please go back. We'll take care of this.” The battle continued until 4:00 p.m., but the battalion that faced the brunt of the Japanese onslaught had disintegrated. Its commander was dead, along with all but one company commander and over half of the platoon leaders. Of the original 600 men, only 200 remained. This was not what the Tax Police Division had anticipated when they were pulled from the area south of Wusong Creek the previous month; they believed the strong defenses at Dachang could hold for at least a month or two, providing sufficient time for the exhausted troops in the rear to recover. On the evening of November 3, following the latest Japanese attempt to cross the creek, the Tax Police Division's commander ordered Sun Liren to rest. However, Sun felt the need to complete one last task: destroying the pontoon bridge the Japanese had constructed across Suzhou Creek, which remained largely intact despite repeated Chinese efforts to demolish it. Previous attempts, including frontal attacks and sending swimmers downstream with explosives, had failed. Finally, they prepared large rolls of cotton soaked in gasoline to roll downhill toward the bridge, but these efforts were halted by Japanese barbed wire. For his final attempt, Sun requisitioned sea mines to float them downstream and detonate them near the bridge. To ensure the success of this plan, he required the cooperation of engineers. Unfortunately, the engineers he ordered for the late-night mission had not been trained by him, and despite being of lower rank, they were disinclined to put in extra effort for an unfamiliar officer. They worked slowly, and by dawn, the mines had yet to be pushed into the water. In the early morning light, they became visible targets along the bank, attracting Japanese fire. Sun was hit, but he was among the fortunate; later, soldiers from the Tax Police Division found him beneath a pile of dead bodies, with doctors later discovering 13 bullet wounds in his body. His participation in the battle of Shanghai had come to an end. According to German advisors, the Chinese repeatedly made the same mistake in the struggle for Suzhou Creek: a lack of independent thinking among junior Chinese commanders prevented them from reacting aggressively to Japanese crossings. This delay allowed the Japanese to entrench themselves, and subsequent Chinese counterattacks often succeeded only after several costly failures. Moreover, Chinese artillery lacked the flexibility to adapt quickly and lacked training in selecting the appropriate ordnance for the situation. The Germans argued that this allowed the enemy “sufficient time to set up a good defense,” and even when later Chinese attacks achieved some significant successes, they failed to completely annihilate the enemy forces that had crossed the creek. Conversely, the Japanese were also frustrated, particularly their commander, Matsui Iwane. Although the 9th Division had made significant advances, the 3rd Division remained confined to a narrow strip of land south of the creek, thwarting hopes for a quick, decisive push southeast to trap the remaining troops in Shanghai and Pudong. On November 3, the birthday of Emperor Meiji, who was instrumental in modernizing Japan, Matsui reflected on his initial hopes of celebrating as the conqueror of Shanghai. Instead, he found himself disappointed, writing, “Now we've finally won a small piece of land south of Suzhou Creek, but the south of Shanghai and all of Pudong remains in enemy hands. That the festival is happening under conditions such as these is a source of boundless humiliation.” Japanese planners in Tokyo had been increasingly concerned that operations in the Shanghai area were not progressing as anticipated since the troop deployments began in August. Despite sending three additional divisions, the advances remained limited, prompting the Army General Staff to consider a more fundamental strategic shift in China. The core question revolved around whether to prioritize the northern campaign or the battles around Shanghai, as Japan lacked the resources to effectively pursue both. In early October, Japanese officers concluded that addressing the situation in Shanghai must take precedence. A large reason for this decision rested on fears of a potential soviet attack in the northeast before the New Year. With so many divisions stuck in Shanghai Manchukuo was quite vulnerable. On October 9, the Army General Staff established the 10th Army, specifically designed to shift the balance in Shanghai. This new force included the 6th Infantry Division, currently deployed in northern China, a brigade from the 5th Infantry Division known as the Kunizaki Detachment, and the 18th and 114th Infantry Divisions from the home islands. Command of the 10th Army was entrusted to General Yanagawa Heisuke, a 58-year-old veteran of the Russo-Japanese War who had recently retired but was recalled to service due to his suitability for the role; he had previously served as a military attaché in Beijing and as an instructor at the city's army college. The 10th Army was to be landed behind Chinese lines. There were two possible landing sites: the south bank of the Yangtze River, where earlier landings had occurred in late August, or the north bank of Hangzhou Bay. Hangzhou Bay provided the element of surprise thus it was selected. However when reconnaissance was performed, the area was found to be heavily fortified with many terrain issues that would complicate logistics. Matsui Iwane expressed his concerns in his diary, noting, “It would probably be much easier if they landed on the banks of the Huangpu and Yangtze Rivers. This plan gives me the impression of a bunch of young people at play”. The 10th Army was set to land before dawn on November 5. The Kunizaki Detachment would lead the assault, capturing a stretch of coastline east of Jinshanwei in the middle of the night. This would be followed by the 6th Division, with the 18th Division on its right flank and the 114th Division on its left. All units were to advance briskly north to the Huangpu River and cross it. A major objective north of the river was the city of Songjiang, a key transportation hub for both rail and road. Ultimately, the goal was to link up with Japanese units advancing south in the flat countryside west of Shanghai to encircle as many Chinese soldiers as possible. Secrecy was vital for the 10th Army in its preparations. The commanders recalled an old saying: “If you want to cheat the enemy, first you must fool your own men,” and decided to adhere to it. To mislead their forces before the embarkation of the 6th Division, they distributed maps of Qingdao, a northern Chinese port city, to create the illusion that it was the operation's target. This way, if any information leaked, it would mislead the recipient. On November 1, the convoy carrying the 6th Division departed the waters off the Korean Peninsula, heading south. The following day, it merged with another convoy transporting the 18th and 114th Divisions from Japan. Together, they formed a substantial fleet of nearly 200 vessels, necessitating heightened caution to avoid detection. Strict orders prohibited the use of lights, and radio silence was enforced at all times. As the ships neared Shanghai, they sailed in a wide arc offshore, only redirecting toward land when they were aligned with Hangzhou Bay. Upon learning their true objective, the soldiers felt a mix of excitement and apprehension as they crowded the dark decks, catching sight of the vague silhouette of the continent they were about to conquer. The advance unit, the Kunizaki Detachment, boarded its landing craft as planned at 3:00 am on November 5, heading towards its designated section of the coastline. Meanwhile, the rest of the 10th Army waited anxiously aboard ships anchored two miles offshore. The silence from the shore indicated that the detachment had encountered no resistance, although the ongoing radio silence left uncertainty. Eventually, the detachment signaled with light projectors that the landing had gone as planned. With this confirmation, the soldiers of the second wave began their approach. The 10th Army had intended for the invasion force to move swiftly from the landing zone to secure the area before the Chinese could mount a counterattack. Each soldier was equipped with a week's supply of rice and as much ammunition as he could carry to avoid being hindered by a lengthy supply train; mobility was essential. On the first day of the landing, the Chinese launched only two minor counterattacks. One occurred on the left flank but failed to hinder the advance north, while the other on the right flank also had limited success, forcing the Chinese to retreat ahead of the advancing Japanese troops. By mid-morning on November 5, over 3,000 Japanese soldiers had successfully landed, and this number continued to rise rapidly. The urgency of the situation was evident, and only swift and decisive actions could offer the Chinese generals a chance to avert catastrophe. However, instead of mounting an all-out effort to push the Japanese back into the sea, they chose to play a waiting game. The consensus among the command center of the 3rd War Zone in Suzhou during the early hours was that the landing forces were weak and intended to distract from more critical operations planned for the near future. Enemy resistance was weak and sporadic, allowing the Japanese divisions to make rapid progress despite encountering natural obstacles along their route. By the evening of November 5, less than 24 hours after the initial unit landed, they had advanced three miles inland. Before noon the following day, they reached a ferry port on the Huangpu River, where a group of over 100 soldiers managed to cross, clearing the way for the continued push toward Songjiang. Meanwhile, the left flank of the Japanese landing force engaged in more intense fighting for the first time but still managed to gain ground. The Japanese momentum appeared unstoppable.In desperation, the Chinese resorted to scorched earth tactics reminiscent of the Napoleonic Wars, similar to their earlier actions in Zhabei. They destroyed every building and field, burned crops, killed livestock, and poisoned wells, leaving nothing for the victors. It was the local population that ultimately paid the price, witnessing their ancestral homes reduced to ashes.  Once the Chinese command was convinced that the invasion at Hangzhou Bay was a genuine main effort rather than a deceptive act, it directed all available forces south to contain the escalating threat. However, the Chinese had very few troops to spare. The Chinese dispatched a total of seven divisions and one independent brigade to the landing area. While this force appeared to be roughly twice the size of the Japanese, in reality, it was much weaker. Many of these units had endured extended battles and were not at full combat strength. They were sent south without adequate preparation, and their morale suffered due to the continuous stream of negative news from the front. Additionally, the same poor road network that hindered the Japanese slowed the Chinese reinforcements, resulting in many arriving too late to influence the conflict significantly. Once the opportunity to push the Japanese back into the sea was lost, the next best option was to halt their advance at the Huangpu River. Although this was a significant natural barrier, there were no fortifications prepared along its banks. Compounding the issue, a large number of civilian vessels were left on the south bank, providing the Japanese with an easy means of crossing. Confronted with a steady stream of better-equipped and experienced Japanese soldiers, many Chinese defenders occasionally retreated without a fight. In response to the threat from the south, the Chinese commanders repeated a costly mistake from previous crises: they deployed newly arrived troops in Shanghai directly into battle. This disregard for the exhausted condition of those troops, who had just completed a long trek from Henan province, left them ill-prepared for effective engagement. The 107th and 108th Divisions, part of the 67th Army, had only recently arrived in the Shanghai area when they were ordered on November 8 to move south to defend the strategic city of Songjiang at least until November 11. Though the commanders may have had no other choice but to deploy the 67th, the outcome was predictable. Despite their efforts to hold Songjiang, the two divisions could not stand against the Japanese, and by November 9, they had begun withdrawing from the nearly surrounded city. During the retreat, army commander Wu Keren was assassinated by a group of plainclothes men. Whether these were Japanese soldiers or local traitors hired for the task was never determined, making him the only general to lose his life in the entire Shanghai campaign. This setback rendered the 67th Army ineffective as a fighting force, leading to a complete retreat from the battlefield. Like many other lower-quality units in the Chinese military, the rank-and-file soldiers had never been encouraged to take the initiative, and the corps ultimately disintegrated after losing their commander. Amid the chaos and confusion at the landing zone, many Chinese officers concluded that the battle for Shanghai was lost and focused on salvaging whatever equipment they could before it was too late. On the morning of November 5, three artillery batteries stationed along the north shore of Hangzhou Bay attempted to resist the Japanese forces. As the Chinese front along Hangzhou Bay collapsed, even a successful retreat could be seen as a modest victory. Chiang Kai-shek was on the brink of a nervous breakdown as the full scale of the Japanese landing at Hangzhou Bay became evident. On the evening of November 5, he had over 20 anxious telephone conversations with Gu Zhutong, asking repeatedly, “Is there a fight?” Gu confirmed, “The artillery is bombarding us heavily. There are airplanes, warships.” That night, Chiang met with Chen Cheng and appeared to accept that it was time to abandon positions south of Suzhou Creek. However, political considerations prevented him from immediately communicating this decision to his commanders. He wished to see the Brussels Conference get underway without having China appear defeated and seemed to hope to hold out until November 13, aiming for a minor propaganda victory by demonstrating that China had endured for three months. On the night of November 8, Chiang issued a fateful command to Shanghai police chief Cai Jianjun, instructing him to hold Nanshi while the rest of the army withdrew west, a directive that sounded like a suicide mission. When Cai refused, Chiang's response was swift: “Shoot him.” Luckily for Cai, he escaped being shot.  The Chinese retreat from Shanghai commenced in an orderly manner. At 10:00 am on November 9, the last soldiers organized their march southwest past St. Ignatius Cathedral, where thousands of refugees waited, leaving the city they had defended for nearly three months. As they departed, they burned significant properties, including factories and coal yards, to deny the Japanese valuable resources. Among the structures targeted was the Toyoda Cotton Mills, a prominent symbol of Japan's influence in the Yangtze Delta. Initially, the withdrawal seemed disciplined, reminiscent of earlier successful withdrawals that had surprised the Japanese. However, the situation quickly deteriorated as the Japanese pursued them relentlessly. By noon, they had secured Hongqiao Airfield, the site of earlier conflict, and aimed to inflict maximum damage on the retreating Chinese army. Japanese planes launched attacks from carriers offshore, machine-gunning the congested roads filled with retreating soldiers. Additionally, they bombed bridges and train stations, destroyed communication lines, and shelled already weakened transportation networks. With communications largely disrupted and scattered units receiving no coordination, chaos ensued. Soldiers became consumed by the instinct for personal survival, leading to a disorganized stampede as panic spread. Desperate to escape, many soldiers tried to access designated foreign zones. Some forced their way across checkpoints at gunpoint, while others disguised themselves as civilians to gain entry. A foreign correspondent observed a Chinese soldier throw away his rifle and jump into the polluted Siccawei Creek, wading across in just his underwear, to escape Japanese capture. Similarly, senior officers realized that rank would not protect them from Japanese retribution. General Ye Zhao, retreating with his staff, donned peasant clothes after encountering an abandoned farmhouse and was later captured by the advancing Japanese, who mistook him for a common laborer. As the Japanese approached Nanshi, the mostly Chinese area of Shanghai, the situation grew dire. A group of individuals accused of spying for the Japanese was executed by firing squad in public view, sparking terror among onlookers. As the government prepared to evacuate, officials urged the remaining residents to continue resisting, warning against traitors.  The swift retreat of the Chinese Army shocked many Shanghai residents, who had believed the city could withstand the siege indefinitely. As the city fell in just a few hectic days, thousands of desperate civilians, burdened with their belongings, flocked to the bridges leading to the French Concession, pleading to be let in. However, they were met with hostility from French police, reinforced with tanks, who ordered them to turn away. When they resisted, local Chinese employees were forced to help drive them back, resulting in horrific scenes of violence. The New York Times correspondent Hallet Abend reported how the crowd was ruthlessly beaten back, with some falling into Siccawei Creek, where several drowned amid the chaos. Chinese resistance in Nanshi persisted, as pockets of soldiers were determined to make the conquest challenging for the Japanese. After three days of fighting, between 5,000 and 6,000 Chinese soldiers remained in Nanshi when the Japanese launched their final assault on the morning of November 11. They began a relentless artillery bombardment of the densely populated area. Foreign correspondents, including American journalist Edgar Snow, observed the battle from the French Concession across Siccawei Creek. Japanese tanks advanced cautiously through narrow streets, pausing to fire before retreating, while infantry moved carefully to avoid Chinese snipers hiding among the buildings. While most residents had fled, some civilians continued their daily lives amidst gunfire and explosions. An incident was reported where a group of Chinese were eating rice in a sampan when a machine gun opened fire, causing them to seek cover under the mat. The Japanese forces encountered familiar challenges as they advanced through Nanshi, struggling to set up pontoon bridges across canals, which slowed their progress. In a last stand visible to onlookers in the French Concession, the Chinese soldiers faced an unequal confrontation. The Japanese tanks fired upon them from only 60 yards away, and the defenders were subjected to intense air raids before being driven back. At a desperate moment, one Chinese soldier carried a wounded comrade across Siccawei Creek, dodging bullets, and received assistance from French guards. This encouraged more Chinese soldiers to cross into the French sector, surrendering their weapons to avoid certain death. They became internees, protected from the Japanese, although they felt betrayed by the circumstances that forced such a decision. Not all soldiers managed to escape in this manner; some relocated to a new position closer to the southern edge of the French Concession, near a water tower. This location offered even less protection than their previous one and quickly turned into a deadly encounter. Realizing they were losing, the Chinese troops fled toward the French sector, abandoning their equipment and weapons as they scrambled over barbed wire. The French commander commended their bravery and assured them they would not be returned to the Japanese. As the battle across Siccawei Creek drew to a close, victorious Japanese troops swept through the remaining unoccupied streets of Chinese Shanghai, eliminating the last pockets of resistance. Similar to previous encounters in Zhabei, defenders attempted to set fire to buildings to leave little for the occupying army. Thick smoke billowed over the district, limiting visibility, so onlookers in the French Concession relied on sound to gauge the battle's progress. As gunfire waned, cheers of “Banzai!” filled the air. At 3:34 pm, the Rising Sun flag was raised over the last Chinese stronghold in Nanshi, officially marking the end of the battle of Shanghai. In a city ravaged by war, the district of Zhabei became the epicenter of destruction, resembling a bleak lunar landscape. The area around the North Train Station was devastated, with gutted buildings standing like rugged cliffs and the asphalt roads marred by deep fissures resembling earthquake damage. As Chinese officials prepared to leave Shanghai for Nanjing, they tried to present a positive narrative about the battle, emphasizing that the sacrifices made were not in vain. Mayor Yu proclaimed that the lessons learned in Shanghai during the past 90 days could benefit the entire nation in the war against Japanese aggression, instilling confidence in the people that victory would eventually come. He spoke as if the war was over in Shanghai, which was true in a sense, as the major conflict had concluded.  In late 1937, the Japanese believed they had achieved victory. On December 3, Matsui Iwane's army held a victory parade through the unoccupied International Settlement, a right they claimed as one of the governing powers. It was a serious miscalculation. Japanese civilians and ronin were recruited to act as rallying crowds, waving national flags, which triggered confrontations with foreign residents. The parade passed the Great World Amusement Center, where hundreds had died during "Black Saturday," prompting a Chinese man to leap from a building, declaring “Long Live China!” as he fell. As the parade continued down Nanjing Road, tensions grew among the accompanying police. Suddenly, a grenade was thrown from a window, injuring four Japanese soldiers and one British police officer. Matsui's veterans fanned out to apprehend the assailant, but it was a Chinese police officer who shot him dead. What was meant to be a triumph turned into a fiasco that confirmed the Japanese would struggle to secure even this small corner of China, let alone the vast territory of the country as a whole. The battle for Shanghai became the bloodiest international conflict in Asia since the Russo-Japanese War. By late October, the Japanese estimated that China had suffered 250,000 military losses in the fight for the city. In the months following the battle, Chinese sources reported casualties ranging from 187,200 to as high as 300,000. Regardless of the exact figure, the aftermath of the battle was catastrophic, severely impacting Chiang Kai-shek's best German-trained divisions. China faced a blow from which it would not recover until 1944, aided by significant American support. The high casualty rates stemmed from several factors. Many Chinese soldiers entered the battle expecting to sacrifice their lives, which led to a higher incidence of fatality due to their willingness to launch suicidal attacks against heavily fortified positions. Chinese tactics, which relied on numerical superiority to counter Japan's material advantages, essentially turned the conflict into a struggle of manpower against machinery. While this approach had a grim logic, it starkly contrasted with the reluctance of Chinese commanders to sacrifice valuable imported equipment. They were quick to expend their best divisions in intense fighting yet hesitated to utilize their key weaponry for fear of Japanese air raids. The elite 87th and 88th Divisions faced near depletion within days, while the Pudong artillery operated minimally over three months to avoid drawing enemy fire. One might question what Chiang Kai-shek achieved from such immense sacrifices. If his primary goal was to divert Japanese forces from the north, where they enjoyed easy victories, then the battle in Shanghai could be viewed as a success for China. As autumn 1937 progressed, Japanese commanders were increasingly forced to redirect their focus and resources to the more complex and tactically challenging terrain around Shanghai, where their technical superiority was less effective than on the northern plains. However, shifting the war to central China also posed risks, threatening the economic hub and political capital in Nanjing, ultimately resulting in a Japanese occupation that would last nearly eight years. If Chiang also wished to attract foreign attention, it is unclear how successful he was. The battle unfolded in front of thousands in the International Settlement and French Concession and garnered international media coverage, with many foreign correspondents arriving to report on the conflict. For three months, Shanghai dominated the front pages of major newspapers, and the Chinese effectively utilized propaganda to highlight events such as the desperate “Lost Battalions” fight in Zhabei. Yet, none of the major powers felt compelled to offer substantial support to China, and even the Brussels Conference failed to provide any useful assistance. Both Western powers and the Soviet Union were closely watching the conflict. Chiang hoped for Soviet support, and historical records suggest that Soviet diplomats encouraged him with vague assurances. China aimed to provoke Soviet entry into the war against Japan; however, the outcome may have been counterproductive. By engaging Japan, China effectively diminished the likelihood of a Japanese assault on the Soviet Union, as Japan needed to subdue China first. The Soviets eventually started providing material aid, including the arrival of nearly 300 Russian attack and bomber aircraft in mid-October, but this assistance was a poor substitute for a genuine ally. Additionally, while the Soviet Union emerged as a hesitant partner for China, China lost the substantial support it had previously received from Germany. The Germans played a crucial role in Shanghai during the 1937 conflict, with every major Chinese unit having at least one German advisor. Chiang Kai-shek's strategic decision to make a stand in Shanghai appears to have been significantly influenced by General Falkenhausen's opinions. Chiang had initially welcomed the German proposal to fight for Shanghai and was resolved to see it through, regardless of the cost to his troops. By 1938, German advisors began departing China, coinciding with the outbreak of war in Europe. Unfortunately, their experiences in China did not translate into lessons for their future military engagements, particularly regarding urban warfare, which might have been beneficial in battles such as Stalingrad during the winter of 1942–1943. Instead, they returned to more conventional military roles in Europe.  Despite enduring the most suffering in and around Shanghai during 1937, the battle proved to be far more costly for the Japanese than their commanders had anticipated. By November 8, Japanese military casualties totaled 9,115 dead and 31,257 injured. Although the Japanese forces enjoyed overwhelming advantages in artillery and air power, they could not compensate for their leaders' consistent underestimation of Chinese resilience and fighting spirit. The flow of reinforcements was disorganized, leading General Matsui and his commanders to feel they never had enough troops to achieve a swift and decisive victory. As the Shanghai battle neared its conclusion, Matsui became increasingly confident that he could inflict a blow on Chiang Kai-shek from which he would never recover. In an interview with a German reporter in late October, Matsui stated that after capturing Shanghai, the Japanese Army would march on to Nanjing if necessary. He had a keen political sense and believed it better to act independently than wait for orders from Tokyo, declaring, "Everything that is happening here is taking place under my entire responsibility." Without an aggressive general like Matsui, it's questionable whether the Japanese would have proceeded to Nanjing. Initially, they focused on pursuing retreating Chinese forces, a sound tactical decision that did not imply an expansive strategy to advance to Nanjing. However, after another surprise amphibious landing on November 13 on the south bank of the Yangtze River, the Japanese commanders felt positioned to push for Nanjing and bring the war to a conclusive end.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Thus with that the battle for Shanghai, known to some as China's Stalingrad had come to a brutal end. Chiang Kai-Shek gambled the cream of his army to gain international sympathy for his nation, but had it worked? Japan was taking the northeast, and now with Shanghai conquered, the path to Nanjing and unimaginable horror remained. 

durée : 00:54:58 - Le temps d'un bivouac - par : Daniel FIEVET - Marc Fernandez est parti en VTT sur les traces de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, dit le Cid, de Burgos jusqu'à Valence. Le Cid était un chevalier, un vrai qui a traversé l'Espagne au XIe siècle et gagné des batailles contre les Musulmans et avec eux. Un mercenaire avant l'heure. Un combattant légendaire. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Vous aimez A la folie pas du tout, le podcast Bababam Originals ? Vous allez adorer nos autres créations originales ! Aujourd'hui, on vous invite à découvrir La Home(icides), le podcast qui vous plonge dans les crimes familiaux les plus terribles. Découvrez un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Des cousins qui se marient entre eux et qui ne se mélangent pas. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. On les surnomme “La Famille”. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras sera accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. Production et diffusion : Bababam Originals Un podcast enregistré dans les studios de Bababam Ecriture : Capucine Lebot Voix : Caroline Nogueras Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Erica Korb from the University of Pennsylvania about her work on BRD4 and the histone variant H2BE, which influences synaptic genes and neuronal activity. Dr. Korb discusses the focus of her lab, which centers on epigenetic mechanisms impacting gene regulation in neurons. Her research primarily examines histone biology and its connection to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities. Dr. Korb expounds on the collaborative environment at UPenn's Epigenetics Institute, emphasizing how the rich diversity of research topics fosters innovative ideas and projects within the community. Reflecting on her earlier work from her postdoctoral studies, Dr. Korb discusses her first significant findings regarding the protein BRD4. This work demonstrated BRD4's role in mediating transcriptional regulation crucial for learning and memory processes. She explains how disrupting this protein's function in neurons hindered critical gene activations required for memory formation in mice. This foundational understanding opened avenues for exploring the broader implications of chromatin regulation in various neurodevelopmental conditions. Transitioning into her current research endeavors, Dr. Korb reveals how she aims to expand her focus beyond Fragile X syndrome. With her lab now investigating multiple chromatin regulators implicated in various forms of autism spectrum disorders, she describes a recent project where RNA sequencing exposed substantial overlaps in gene expression changes associated with five distinct chromatin modifiers, each contributing uniquely to neuronal function while collectively demonstrating sensitivity to chromatin disruptions. A significant portion of the discussion centers around Dr. Korb's unexpected exploration into how COVID-19 intersects with chromatin biology through a phenomenon known as histone mimicry. Leveraging bioinformatic tools during the pandemic, her lab discovered that certain viral proteins mimic histone sequences, which may lead to altered transcriptional outputs in host cells. This coincidental finding illustrates both the creative adaptability needed in scientific research and the importance of collaborative efforts across disciplines to uncover new insights. The conversation also delves into Dr. Korb's recent work regarding the histone variant H2BE, initiated by one of her graduate students. She explains how prior research only recognized H2BE's expression in the olfactory system, yet her lab has demonstrated its significant role in regulating synaptic genes and memory formation throughout broader neuronal contexts. Notably, they identified a single amino acid change that influences H2BE's function in chromatin accessibility and gene transcription, emphasizing its potential evolutionary conservation across species. In terms of H2BE's role, Dr. Korb elucidates that its activity is integral in response to extracellular stimuli, particularly within the context of neuronal activation. Intriguingly, they found that H2BE expression decreases in reaction to long-term neuronal stimulation, suggesting a complex mechanism of homeostatic plasticity crucial for regulating neuronal activity levels. This research not only advances understanding of chromatin dynamics but also holds implications for neuronal health and disease mechanisms.   References Feierman, E. R., Louzon, S., Prescott, N. A., Biaco, T., Gao, Q., Qiu, Q., Choi, K., Palozola, K. C., Voss, A. J., Mehta, S. D., Quaye, C. N., Lynch, K. T., Fuccillo, M. V., Wu, H., David, Y., & Korb, E. (2024). Histone variant H2BE enhances chromatin accessibility in neurons to promote synaptic gene expression and long-term memory. Molecular cell, 84(15), 2822–2837.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.025 Korb, E., Herre, M., Zucker-Scharff, I., Gresack, J., Allis, C. D., & Darnell, R. B. (2017). Excess Translation of Epigenetic Regulators Contributes to Fragile X Syndrome and Is Alleviated by Brd4 Inhibition. Cell, 170(6), 1209–1223.e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.033 Kee, J., Thudium, S., Renner, D. M., Glastad, K., Palozola, K., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Lan, Y., Cesare, J., Poleshko, A., Kiseleva, A. A., Truitt, R., Cardenas-Diaz, F. L., Zhang, X., Xie, X., Kotton, D. N., Alysandratos, K. D., Epstein, J. A., Shi, P. Y., Yang, W., … Korb, E. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 disrupts host epigenetic regulation via histone mimicry. Nature, 610(7931), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05282-z Feierman, E. R., Paranjapye, A., Su, S., Qiu, Q., Wu, H., & Korb, E. (2024). Histone variant H2BE controls activity-dependent gene expression and homeostatic scaling. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2024.11.01.620920. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.01.620920   Related Episodes Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms and Primate Epigenome Evolution (Boyan Bonev) DNA Methylation Alterations in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Paula Desplats) The Role of Histone Dopaminylation and Serotinylation in Neuronal Plasticity (Ian Maze)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com

En este episodio lo último en salud y fitness edición de julio 2025, vamos a platicar de varios temas que sin duda son bastante interesantes.Veremos si la melatonina puede hacerte más rápido (sí, leíste bien), cómo el ejercicio actúa como un antioxidante natural en tu cuerpo, los beneficios del entrenamiento de fuerza para mujeres mayores con obesidad sarcopénica, qué pasa cuando combinas ayuno intermitente con superávit calórico, y hasta cómo la jardinería en realidad virtual puede mejorar la cognición en adultos mayores.Este mes nos enfocamos en estudios que no solo tienen buena base científica, sino que también puedes aplicar en tu día a día. Mi idea es que al terminar este episodio tengas información clara, basada en evidencia, pero que también puedas usar de inmediato. Sin tanta teoría complicada y con consejos que realmente funcionan.Referencias: 1.      Mahdi, N., Delleli, S., Jebabli, A. & Maaoui…, K. B. Melatonin Supplementation Enhances Next-Day High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Recovery in Trained Males: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Sports (2025).2.      Xie, Y., Gu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, L. & Hei, Y. Effects of exercise on different antioxidant enzymes and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scientific Reports (2025).3.      Guo, C., Dai, T., Zhang, H., Luo, M. & Gao…, J. Effect of resistance training on body composition and physical function in older females with sarcopenic obesity—a systematic review and meta-analysis of …. Frontiers in Aging … (2025).4.      Blake, D. T., Hamane, C. & Pacheco…, C. Hypercaloric 16: 8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women. Journal of the … (2025).5.      Chuang, I. C., Abdullahi, A., Chen, I. C. & Wu…, Y. R. Effects of immersive leisure-based virtual reality cognitive training on cognitive and physical function in community-based older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Digital … (2025).

Last time we spoke about the battle along the Wusong Creek. The situation was dire for the Chinese defenders, who faced overwhelming odds. Among them was Ogishima, a Japanese soldier who experienced the brutal reality of war firsthand. Amidst the chaos, battles erupted along the Wusong Creek, where both sides suffered heavy casualties. Chinese forces, despite being greatly outnumbered in terms of tactical superiority, demonstrated extraordinary resilience, fighting bravely even when retreat was necessary. As the battle raged on, tactics evolved; Chinese troops fortified defenses and implemented guerrilla warfare strategies. The soldiers transformed the landscape into a fortification, turning abandoned buildings into strongholds. October brought a fresh wave of violence. The Japanese pressed their attack, unleashing superior firepower that gradually saw them conquer Dachang.    #161 The Battle of Shanghai #6: the 800 heroes who defended the Sihang Warehouse Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Before the fall of Dachang, despite the threat of court-martial for anyone abandoning their posts, a general withdrawal of all Chinese forces in the Jiangwan salient was already in progress. As early as the night between October 24 and 25, the divisions within the salient had been ordered to move their baggage trains and support services back southwest across Suzhou Creek, utilizing the Zhongshan Bridge and Jessfield Railway Bridge. As the fighting intensified north of Zhabei in the subsequent days, the flow of soldiers, vehicles, and pack animals continued. By the night between October 26 and 27, the Chinese completely vacated metropolitan Shanghai north of Suzhou Creek. A foreign journalist wrot “The enormous Chinese army simply melted away and at dawn the Japanese found themselves facing empty positions. The two armies were no longer in contact.” During their retreat from Zhabei, the Chinese systematically set fire to thousands of shops and homes, implementing a scorched earth policy. At 7:00 am on October 27, eight narrow columns of smoke cut across the horizon from one end of Zhabei to the other. Two hours later, these columns had transformed into “huge black pillars stretching towards the azure sky.” By afternoon, a massive wall of smoke stretched four miles long, rising thousands of feet into the air. In the words of a German advisor, it was a fire “of unimaginable extent” that raged out of control for several days, repeatedly threatening to spill into the International Settlement. Refugees who had left Zhabei weeks or months earlier, hoping to return now that the fighting seemed to be over, were devastated to see their homes consumed by an immense sea of flames. The Japanese Army, or more specifically the doctrine guiding it in the field, failed in two significant ways by allowing some of China's best divisions to escape the trap they had set for them. First, on the evening of October 26, after taking Dachang, the Japanese columns could have advanced across Zhabei right to the edge of the International Settlement. Instead, they followed orders and ceased their advance at the line they had reached at sunset. German advisor Borchardt wrote “The only explanation for this is the lack of independent thinking among junior Japanese commanders and their fear of deviating even slightly from a meticulously detailed attack plan.  Since the Japanese focused on rallying and reorganizing their forces after the fall of Dachang, they missed an opportunity for a victory so decisive that the Chinese would have been forced to give up their continued resistance in Shanghai.” If the Japanese made their first mistake by leaving a door open for the enemy to escape, they committed a second error by failing to notice that the enemy was using that door. Although Japanese reconnaissance planes monitored the two main bridges utilized by the Chinese to retreat and even deployed parachute flares to detect movements at night, they inexplicably failed to observe the Chinese withdrawal. The retreat was executed precisely as planned, with every piece of artillery withdrawn. This allowed the Chinese to occupy prepared positions south of Suzhou Creek and around Nanxiang, enabling them to continue the fight another day. Despite their missteps, the Japanese initially celebrated their conquest of Zhabei as a victory, placing thousands of small Rising Sun flags throughout the district's ruins. Amid this sea of white and red, the only relatively intact structure, the Four Banks' Warehouse, starkly reminded them that the Chinese still maintained a foothold north of Suzhou Creek. Rumors began to circulate that the soldiers inside had vowed to fight to the death. The Japanese came to realize that their triumph in Zhabei would be perceived as flawed and would even resemble a defeat as long as the warehouse remained in Chinese hands. It was back on October 26, Chiang Kai-shek ordered all forces in Shanghai to withdraw to the western rural region. To facilitate a safe retreat, a rearguard was necessary, as is standard in military withdrawals. Chiang issued orders to General Gu Zhutong, the acting commander of the 3rd Military Region, to leave the 88th Division behind, not only to buy time for the retreating forces but also to stage a final grand stand in front of the Shanghai International Settlement. This was a last-ditch effort to gain international support, as the nine Great Powers were set to convene on November 6. However, General Gu Zhutong was personally attached to the 88th Division, and thus reluctant to abandon them. It's worth noting that he was acting commander in this position because his next post was to lead the 88th Division. Therefore, he telegrammed the divisional commander at the time, General Sun Yuanliang, who also opposed the plan to leave the 88th Division behind. While neither Gu Zhutong nor Sun Yuanliang were willing to disobey orders from the Generalissimo, Sun proposed a solution: They could leave a portion of the troops behind, just not the entire 88th Division. In his words, “How many people we sacrifice would not make a difference; it would achieve the same purpose.” Sun suggested leaving behind a single regiment from the 88th Division to defend one or two heavily fortified positions. Gu Zhutong agreed to this plan, and at that time, the 88th Divisional Headquarters was located at the Sihang Warehouse. The Sihang Warehouse is a six-story concrete building situated in the Zhabei district, just north of Suzhou Creek, at the northwestern edge of the New Lese Bridge. The warehouse was constructed collaboratively by four banks, hence the name "Sihang," which translates to "four banks." Directly across Suzhou Creek lies the Shanghai International Settlement, a neutral territory where Western foreigners resided. The fighting would occur literally just across the creek, forcing Western observers to witness the heroic last stand that China would make in Shanghai up close. For those who might not be aware, there is an outstanding film titled “The Eight Hundred.” I even reviewed the movie on my channel, the Pacific War Channel, on YouTube. The film excellently captures the remarkable situation, depicting an extravagant city on one side of a river, filled with entertainment, casinos, bars, and restaurants. The international community enjoys their vibrant lives, full of colors and lights, while on the other side lies a literal warzone. The Sihang Warehouse stands there, bullet-ridden, as the Japanese continuously attempt to storm it against the Chinese defenders. It's a compelling film worth checking out, feel free to take a look at my review as well! Returning to the story, Sun Yuanliang reconsidered and believed that leaving an entire regiment was excessive. Instead, he opted to leave behind an over-strength battalion. The 1st Battalion of the 524th Regiment was chosen for this task. A young colonel, Xie Jinyuan, who was also new to the 88th Division, volunteered to lead the battalion. No one who had met Xie Jinyuan could doubt that he was the ideal choice to lead the battalion that would stay behind, holed up inside the Sihang Warehouse in a corner of Zhabei, demonstrating to both the domestic and international audience that China remained resolute in its resistance against Japanese aggression. The 32-year-old graduate of the elite Central Military Academy, who had been stationed in Shanghai with the 88th Division since hostilities began in August, was a soldier to the core. He stood as straight as a bayonet, and according to a foreign correspondent who met him, even while wearing a mask, he was unmistakably a military man. In the correspondent's words, he represented “modern China stripped for action.” Upon receiving his assignment on the night of October 26, Xie Jinyuan went directly to the warehouse and was pleased with what he found. It resembled a virtual fortress. Each of its walls was pockmarked with numerous rifle slots, ensuring that attacking infantry would face a barrage of fire from the building's well-defended positions. It was evident that once the Japanese arrived, they would surround the structure on three sides; however, a link remained to the International Settlement to the south across Lese Bridge. British forward positions were as close as 40 feet away, and with careful maneuvering and a bit of luck, it was likely that the injured could be evacuated under the cover of darkness. From a tactical standpoint, it was an ideal location.   Still, improvements were possible, and Xie ordered the soldiers already present to work through the night to enhance their defenses. They had an ample supply of large bags filled with wheat and corn at their disposal, which served as excellent substitutes for sandbags. Xie Jinyuan's first challenge was to rally the soldiers of the 524th Regiment's 1st Battalion to occupy the warehouse positions. This was a complex task, given the short notice, as the companies and platoons were scattered throughout Zhabei, and some had unknowingly begun moving west with the rest of the Chinese Army, unaware of the orders their battalion had received. Throughout the night, Xie and his second-in-command, Yang Ruifu, dispatched orderlies through the blazing streets in search of their men amidst the throng of retreating soldiers. Eventually, their efforts bore fruit. By 9:00 a.m. on October 27, the last remaining soldiers of the battalion arrived at the warehouse. By then, Xie Jinyuan's force consisted of just over 400 officers and soldiers. This was a minuscule number compared to the might of the Japanese military, and they were immediately put to the test. Xie was unfamiliar with the men under his command, effectively being thrown into the deep end, so to speak. The location chosen for their stand was, of course, the Sihang Warehouse. The 1st Battalion originally comprised eight hundred men, but casualties incurred during the Battle of Shanghai had reduced their numbers to just 452 soldiers before the defense of the Sihang Warehouse began. Each soldier was armed with either a Hanyang 88 or Chiang Kai-shek rifle, an 8mm Mauser, grenades, a German M1935 Stahlhelm, a gas mask, and they also had some Czech ZB vz.26 light machine guns, along with four Type 24 Maxim guns. They would face off against the forces of the 3rd IJA Division, commanded by General Iwane Matsui, as well as the 10th Battalion, 8th, and 9th Companies of the Shanghai Special Naval Landing Force under Captain Okochi Denshichi. The Japanese forces were further bolstered by approximately 260 sailors from the Yokosuka 2nd Independent SNLF Company and another 200 sailors from the Kure 1st SNLF 2nd Company. Additionally, the 8th and 9th Companies of the Shanghai SNLF, originally attached to the 4th Artillery Battalion, would provide support with howitzers and mountain guns. In total, around 980 infantrymen from the reinforced 10th Battalion of the Shanghai SNLF, along with another 200 artillerymen from the 8th and 9th Companies, were involved in the Japanese assault on the Sihang Warehouse. Xie Jinyuan consolidated his battalion's defenses inside the Sihang Warehouse, believing it would provide his men the highest chance of holding out for as long as possible. He correctly assessed that the Imperial Japanese Army would be unable to use their heaviest artillery, aerial bombardment, gas attacks, or naval guns for fear of accidentally striking the International Settlement. It's important to remember that this was 1937, and the Empire of Japan was not willing to risk open warfare with Western nations until 1941. What the Japanese did have access to were armored vehicles, such as the Type 94 tankettes. The Japanese infantry were equipped with various weapons, including the Arisaka Type 38 rifle, Type 11 and Type 96 light machine guns, the Nambu Type 14 pistol, Type 92 heavy machine gun, Type 97 grenade, Type 89 grenade discharger, and the Type 93 flamethrower. On October 27, various companies of the battalion reached the Sihang Warehouse after a fighting withdrawal. By this point, they numbered 414 men, who essentially volunteered for a suicide mission and were later acknowledged by Chiang Kai-shek for their “exemplary soldierly conduct.” The 1st Battalion was commanded by Army Major Yang Ruifu, and their forces included the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Companies, as well as a Machine Gun Company, totaling 452 men once the remaining soldiers arrived. Due to two months of intense fighting in Shanghai, many of the German-trained elite troops had been killed or wounded, leaving the majority of the reinforcements at the Sihang Warehouse to be garrison troops from the surrounding provinces. Many of these soldiers came from the 5th Regiment of the Hubei Province Garrison, which meant that many were also inexperienced recruits. On October 27, news began to circulate throughout Shanghai that Chinese forces were still resisting the Japanese in the Zhabei district at the Sihang Warehouse. At 4 a.m., a Girl Guide named Yang Huimin approached a British guard at a post at the Chinese end of the New Lese Bridge, where she noticed a British soldier tossing a pack of cigarettes into the warehouse. Yang asked the soldier what he was doing, and he informed her that there was a battalion of Chinese soldiers inside. She then wrote a message and requested that the soldier place it inside a cigarette box and toss it over. Soon, the Chinese tossed back the cigarette box with a message indicating they needed food, ammunition, and lubricant for their weapons. Yang then left the bridge and began pleading for help at the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, but no one believed her story. Xie Jinyuan deployed the 1st Company, led by Captain Tao Xingchun, on the right side of the warehouse along Tibet Road. The 3rd Company, led by Shi Meihao, was stationed on the left across from the Bank of Communications building, while the 2nd Company, commanded by Deng Ying, held the other sides. Two heavy Type 24 Maxim machine guns were mounted on the roof of the Sihang Warehouse, with additional machine guns distributed among each company. A forward platoon from each company was sent out to provide early warning of any enemy attack. Furthermore, Xie ordered his combat engineers to place remote-detonated charges in front of the warehouse. His units were strategically dispersed with rifles and machine guns throughout the warehouse and on the rooftop. They reinforced the building with bags of sand, corn, and beans, and razed surrounding structures to create a deadly killing field. At 7:30 am an advance outpost reported seeing Japanese marines near the North Train Station, and 45 minutes later, it confirmed that the enemy's flag was flying over that building. The Chinese soldiers were ordered to engage the advancing IJA 3rd division, and over the next two hours, they executed a fighting retreat back toward the warehouse. A brief pause ensued, during which the Chinese defenders prepared themselves, with some taking up positions on the various floors of the warehouse and others crouching behind an outer wall surrounding the building. At 1:00 pm a Japanese column approached the warehouse, confidently marching down the middle of the road behind a large Rising Sun banner. It appeared more like a victory parade than a tactical maneuver. Once they were in range, the Chinese officers ordered their men to fire. Five Japanese soldiers fell, causing the rest of the column to scramble for cover. Within an hour, the Japanese had amassed enough troops to attempt a storming assault on the warehouse. A sizable force surrounded the building, unleashing so much firepower that the Chinese were forced to abandon the outer wall and retreat to the warehouse itself. Although the defenses remained solid, the crisis was far from over, and the attackers appeared to have gained dangerous momentum The first bloodshed occurred when ten IJA soldiers were killed while attempting to secure fortifications around the warehouse that had been rigged with explosives. At 2 p.m., a National Revolutionary Army  platoon led by Yin Qiucheng exchanged fire with approximately fifty IJA troops. By 3 pm, an IJA company consisting of around 194 men launched an attack on the warehouse from the west. During this engagement, the 3rd Company commander, Shi Meihao, was shot in the face but continued to lead the defense until he was shot again in the leg. Meanwhile, about seventy IJA soldiers took cover in a blind spot just southwest of the warehouse. In response, the NRA climbed to the rooftop and threw grenades at the IJA, killing seven and wounding twenty. The initial assault by the IJA was a failure, prompting them to set fire to the northwestern section of the warehouse, where fuel and lumber were stored. By 5 pm., firefighter efforts had extinguished the blaze, as the IJA were preoccupied with looting the Zhabei area. At this point, Yang Ruifu, the second-in-command, commanded a dozen soldiers to rush to the roof and lob hand grenades at the Japanese forces below. This counterattack halted the Japanese advance. As the Japanese withdrew, they left behind seven dead. Much of the fighting was closely watched by excited Chinese on the other side of the 60-yard Suzhou Creek. Each time news spread of another Japanese soldier being killed, a triumphant cheer erupted from the crowd. At 9 pm, battalion commander Yang Ruifu assessed that there would likely be no further IJA attacks that day and ordered the NRA to repair their fortifications and eat their meals. However, no one slept that night. The NRA suffered two deaths and four wounded, while the IJA reported seventeen dead and twenty wounded. Foreign correspondents witnessed the battle from the safety of Suzhou Creek, enjoying a front-row seat to the harsh reality of urban combat. One reporter observed a small group of Japanese soldiers cautiously approaching the warehouse, navigating through the broken masonry and twisted metal. Crawling from cover to cover, it took them 50 minutes to traverse just 50 yards. The Chinese defenders, watching from concealed vantage points, had been monitoring their movements all along. Once the Japanese party was close enough, the defenders unleashed a barrage of hand grenades. After the dust settled, they used their rifles to finish off anyone still able to move. Several Japanese attempting to rescue their wounded comrades were also killed. It was a war without mercy. Even after darkness fell over the warehouse, there was no time for sleep. The soldiers worked tirelessly to repair damages and reinforce their positions.  The next morning, Xie Jinyuan contacted the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce for assistance, having received their phone number from Yang Huimin. At 7 am on October 28, Japanese bombers began to circle the warehouse but refrained from dropping any bombs for fear of hitting the International Settlement. Surrounding the rooftops of nearby buildings was a sea of Rising Sun flags, serving to intimidate the NRA and signal that they were encircled. By 8 am, Xie delivered a pep talk to the defenders and noticed an IJA squad advancing along the Suzhou Creek. According to Yang Ruifu's memoirs, Xie picked up a rifle and shot one of the IJA soldiers from over a kilometer away, halting the squad's advance. At 3 pm, it began to rain as the IJA launched a major attack on the west side of the warehouse, taking control of the Bank of Communications building. From there, they deployed machine guns and cannons to bombard the north face of the warehouse. However, the cannons were unable to significantly damage the six-foot-thick walls, and the Japanese troops in the bank building were easily suppressed by the defenders on the warehouse roof, who enjoyed a superior vantage point. After two hours of fighting, the Japanese gave up on the attack but managed to cut electricity and water to the warehouse. Yang Ruifu ordered strict rationing, with each company placing its water reserves under guard and collecting urine in large barrels for firefighting purposes if necessary. Witnessing the fierce Chinese resistance, the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce was invigorated, and news of the stand quickly spread via radio. Crowds of 30,000 people gathered along the southern bank of the Suzhou Creek, cheering the defenders on. In response, ten truckloads of aid were donated by Shanghai citizens, making their way over the bridge to the warehouse throughout the night. The defenders received food, fruit, clothing, utensils, and letters of support from the citizens. A few journalists attempted to visit, but due to the commanding officers being busy, they only managed to meet with Lei Xiong, the Machine Gun Company commander. Xie Jinyuan also utilized the same trucks to transport ten wounded men into the International Settlement. During these truck transit actions, three NRA soldiers were killed by Japanese sharpshooters. Yang Huimin courageously ran to the warehouse to personally deliver the Republic of China flag to Xie Jinyuan. Upon receiving the flag, Xie was asked by a reporter about his plans, to which he simply replied, “Defend to the death.” Yang Huimin then requested a list of the soldiers' names to announce to the entire country. However, Xie was reluctant to provide this information, fearing it would reveal his actual numbers and prompt the Japanese to storm the warehouse. Instead, he wrote down 800 names from the original 524th Regiment's roster. Thus, the legend of the “800 Heroes” was born. The next morning, the Republic of China flag was hoisted on a thirteen-foot pole atop the Sihang Warehouse. Since Yang Huimin had only delivered the flag without a pole, the defenders constructed a makeshift pole using two bamboo culms tied together, holding a flag-raising ceremony. Crowds gathered in the International Settlement, reaching up to thirty thousand in number, shouting “Zhōnghuá Mínguó wànsu!” (Long live the Republic of China). Japanese aircraft attempted to destroy the flag with strafing fire but were unsuccessful and were forced to retreat due to anti-aircraft fire. At noon, the IJA launched their largest offensive to date, attacking the warehouse from all directions with Type 94 tankettes and cannons. The 3rd NRA Company was pushed out of their defensive lines to the base of the warehouse and then further into the warehouse itself. The IJA's cannon fire chipped away at the warehouse structure, creating new firing ports on the windowless west wall. The Japanese attempted to scale the walls to the second floor using ladders. Xie Jinyuan was positioned near a window when two IJA soldiers managed to climb into the second floor beside him. He choked the first soldier to death and shot the other while kicking over the ladder they had used. The situation became dire as a platoon of IJA soldiers began placing explosives to breach the west wall. As the battle raged on, the IJA platoon continued planting explosives at the base of the west wall in an effort to breach it. When the Chinese defenders noticed what they were doing, 21-year-old Private Chen Shusheng, armed with a grenade vest, jumped from a second-story window onto the IJA platoon that was planting the explosives. His suicide attack killed himself and twenty Japanese soldiers below. The fighting continued until darkness fell, with waves of IJA soldiers storming the warehouse using armored vehicles. Ultimately, the IJA had to abandon their assault and began digging a tunnel towards the warehouse with an excavator. In response, posters emerged in the International Settlement, showcasing the movement of the IJA to the NRA. At 7 am, on October 30, the IJA recommenced their attacks, this time employing heavy artillery, firing approximately one shell per second throughout the day. The NRA responded by reinforcing the warehouse with additional sandbags. As night approached, the IJA utilized floodlights to illuminate the warehouse, allowing their artillery fire to continue unabated. Despite the overwhelming firepower, the defenders still managed to destroy some of the IJA's armored vehicles. The International Settlement exerted pressure on the IJA to cease the artillery fire, as it was dangerously close to their area. They informed the IJA that they would attempt to persuade the NRA to end their defense. A petition was sent to Chiang Kai-shek to stop the fighting for humanitarian reasons. By this point, the defense of the Sihang Warehouse had accomplished all its objectives. The NRA forces in Shanghai had successfully redeployed to more favorable positions in the rural west. Moreover, the defense of the warehouse had garnered significant attention from the Western world. Consequently, Chiang Kai-shek authorized a retreat. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the battalion to retreat into the foreign concession and to rejoin the 88th Division, which was now fighting in western Shanghai. A meeting was arranged with British General Telfer-Smollet and Yan Hu of the Shanghai Auxiliary Police to facilitate the retreat. The 524th Regiment would retreat to the International Settlement by crossing the New Lese Bridge. The 3rd IJA Division commander, Matsui Iwane, was notified of this plan and agreed, promising to allow the defenders to retreat unharmed, although he would ultimately not fulfill this promise. At midnight on November 1, Xie Jinyuan led the retreat of 376 men out of the warehouse and across the New Lese Bridge into the International Settlement. Ten NRA soldiers had been killed, and twenty-seven were too wounded to move; those soldiers volunteered to stay behind and man the machine guns on the rooftop to provide cover for the retreat. During the crossing, ten additional NRA soldiers were wounded by IJA sharpshooter fire. By 2 a.m. on November 1, the retreat was complete, marking the end of the defense of the Sihang Warehouse. After the battle, Xie Jinyuan reported that more than 100 Japanese troops had been killed by the defenders. General Sun Yuanliang stated, “Enemy corpses in the vicinity of Sihang Warehouse totaled approximately two hundred.” Xie Jimin claimed, “More than 200 enemy troops were killed and countless others were wounded. Two enemy tanks were also destroyed, and two more were damaged. The number of enemies was based on the daily counts obtained by observation posts.” The NRA suffered ten deaths and thirty-seven wounded, while the IJA incurred an estimated two hundred killed, along with several others wounded. However, a Japanese report indicated that after the SNLF 10th Battalion stormed the Sihang Warehouse, they found only 80 Chinese corpses. As of 2022, historians now estimate that 377 Chinese soldiers managed to retreat, suggesting that the actual death toll for the Chinese was likely around 33. The Battle of Shanghai was arguably unwinnable for the Chinese from the outset. It was only a matter of time before the Japanese would gain the upper hand due to their material and technological advantages. As the fighting dragged on, with the Japanese capturing stronghold after stronghold in the countryside surrounding the city, the immense toll exacted on the defenders led a growing number of Chinese generals to question the wisdom of clinging to a city that was ultimately destined to fall. They pushed for a more comprehensive withdrawal rather than the tactical retreat from Zhabei and Jiangwan that had already taken place. Otherwise, thousands more soldiers would die in vain. Moreover, there were serious concerns about morale taking a devastating hit, which could compromise China's ability to continue the fight. This was becoming a pressing issue. Chinese troops, who had initially entered the battle with an upbeat and patriotic spirit, gradually lost their fervor as casualties mounted in a seemingly hopeless battle. Once a division was reduced to one-third of its original strength, it was sent to the rear for reorganization and replenishment before being returned to the frontline. Most soldiers perceived the odds of survival as heavily stacked against them. Despite regular visits to the front, Chiang Kai-shek remained largely unaware of these grim realities. Officers who understood the true conditions in the trenches were also familiar with the supreme commander's stubborn nature and his determination to defend Shanghai to the bitter end. Given the circumstances, they felt it unwise to reveal the full truth to him. This charade could not continue indefinitely. In some units, the situation was deteriorating so rapidly that it became increasingly likely soldiers would simply abandon their positions. With mutiny looming as a possibility, senior commanders sought to persuade Chiang Kai-shek that a complete withdrawal of all Chinese troops from the Shanghai area to a fortified line stretching from Suzhou to Jiaxing, a city about 35 miles to the south, was the only viable option. In early November, General Bai Chongxi informed Chiang that the officers at the front could no longer control their men and that a pullback would serve as a face-saving measure, forestalling potential rebellion within the ranks. However, nothing they said seemed to impress Chiang Kai-shek. General Li Zongren, another officer who had previously attempted to advocate for a retreat, realized that arguing with the man at the top was futile. “War plans were decided by him personally, and no one else was allowed to say anything,” Li noted in his memoirs. Despite this, there were moments when Chiang appeared tantalizingly close to being swayed by the views of his lieutenants. As early as the first days of October, he seemed to favor a withdrawal from the front, only to reverse his decision later. A similar situation arose late in the month when Chiang called a meeting with his frontline commanders in a train carriage at Songjiang Railway Station, southwest of Shanghai. Before his arrival, the generals discussed the battle and concluded they could do little against the enemy's superior firepower. Upon Chiang's arrival, Zhang Fakui, the commander of the troops in Pudong, suggested moving ten divisions to prepared positions further in the rear, where defense would be easier than in Shanghai. The majority agreed with this proposal. At this point, Madame Chiang Kai-shek made her entrance, dressed in an expensive fur coat and fresh from a visit to the Shanghai front. “If we can hold Shanghai for ten more days,” she declared, “China will win international sympathy.” She was vague about the specifics but seemed to be referring to the upcoming Brussels conference. This declaration galvanized Chiang. “Shanghai must be held at all costs,” he asserted with firm conviction, as if that had been his sentiment all along. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. As Chinese troops retreated across Suzhou Creek, a small battalion under Colonel Xie Jinyuan held their ground, transforming the warehouse into a fortress. Despite fierce attacks, including artillery and tank assaults, they showcased unparalleled bravery. Reinforced by messages of support from locals, spirits soared. Amidst mounting casualties, they persisted until a strategic retreat was ordered. As dawn broke on November 1, Xie led the remaining troops to safety, leaving behind a legacy of valor that inspired future generations. Thus, the "800 Heroes" legend was born.

Welcome back to Truth, Lies & Work, the award-winning podcast where behavioural science meets workplace culture — brought to you by the HubSpot Podcast Network, the audio destination for business professionals. Hosted by Chartered Occupational Psychologist Leanne Elliott and business owner Al Elliott, this is your Tuesday news round-up, workplace surgery, and expert take — all in one.

Répondez au sondage de l'été 2025 des auditeurs et auditrices de Passion Médiévistes (et n'hésitez pas à le partager) https://forms.gle/YPgK2ed3T51HNM3w5 Comment les Normands sont-ils arrivés en Italie et en Sicile au XIème siècle ? L'invité de l'épisode 108 de Passion Médiévistes, Hugues des Ligneris, a soutenu un mémoire de master en 2023, à l'Université Paris 10 - Nanterre, sous la direction d'Emmanuelle Tixier du Mesnil. Son sujet : « Entre trahison et fidélité, violence et conciliation : l'inédite construction politique normande d'Italie et de Sicile au XIe siècle ». Vous l'aurez deviné, dans cet épisode, Passion Médiévistes vous emmène en Italie et en Sicile sur la trace des Normands médiévaux. ▪ Infos sur le podcast Créé et produit par Fanny Cohen Moreau depuis 2017. ➡ Plus d'infos sur cet épisode > passionmedievistes.fr/108-normands-sicile ➡ Soutenir le podcast > passionmedievistes.fr/soutenir/ ➡ Instagram > instagram.com/passionmedievistes/ ➡ Facebook > facebook.com/PassionMedievistes ➡ BlueSky > bsky.app/profile/passionmedievistes.bsky.social ➡ Youtube > www.youtube.com/@passionmedievistespodcast Préparation, enregistrement, montage et mixage : Fanny Cohen Moreau Générique : Moustaclem / Clément Nouguier Illustration : Garance Petit Si vous avez lu jusqu'à la fin de cette description, dites moi par le moyen de communication que vous préférez si vous avez répondu au sondage de l'été 2025 !

Cold OpenCBT…? Never worked for autistic me.So, look, we KNOW masking doesn't work. Or FEAR. Or PAIN. We're dying from them already.That's all the words we need.[Music]IntroYou're listening to AutisticAF Out Loud. One voice. Raw. Real. Fiercely Neurodivergent. Since 1953.Season 5, Episode 6. “Doc? You Got Us All Wrong, Pt 2: CBT…? Never Worked for Autistic Me.”Abelist agendas. Bad research subjects. Bad data. Bad therapy.There's the whole story.An experimental multi-part series… around 10 minutes each. Cuz some autistic listeners tell me they like to binge in small bites. Others say they listen in the car… so you can also download the complete series as one file.Just one autistic elder's truth. I'm Johnny Profane.Content Note: trauma discussion, medical system critique, institutional discrimination, psychiatric hospitalizations, systemic oppression + experiences & opinions of one autistic voice... in my 70s.[Music]I've been struggling with an article on CBT & Autism for years.Sigh. Spoons. A lot of reading. A lot of thinking…To come to my opinion… my thesis…that any therapy based on purely cognitive techniques… even if pros throw on some Behavioral rubber-band-snapping special sauce on the side…?It's inherently ableist… attacking the very way our autistic brains are wired. Demanding abilities many neurodivergents just weren't born with.Here's a snapshot. A quick personal story from when autistic-as-fuck me turned for help…“I'm sorry… What did you just say?”“I said…” He looked nervous. “I said… I always recommend aversive therapy for my autistic kids. My clients.”Me. In a dead-cold voice. “Snapping a rubber band.”“Y-e-s-s.” He seemed torn. Was I gonna get positive reinforcement… Or that weird, hostile, defensiveness professionals get. When you ask questions.Into that hesitant silence, I say, “Snap it hard. Hard as they can. Against their wrist.”“Yes. The sting is important.” Now, he's eager to share. “When they repeat the aversive stimulus, they…”Again I interrupt with my ashen, Clint-Eastwood voice. “During a meltdown.”“Well… actually… just before.” He's beaming, proud. “They learn to snap the band at the earliest hint they'll lose control. It's operant conditioning.”A kid having a meltdown on Aisle 3. Likely overwhelmed by sensory overload.Let's just add a little sharp pain… and see what happens…As if by giving it some science-y name… it's not self-inflicted torture.Brief CBT BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy emerged in the 60s. A kind of forced marriage. Between Beck's cognitive therapy… focused on internal thoughts. And Skinner's behavioral therapy… focused on observable behavior. Both developed studying neurotypical minds.Change your thoughts, change your feelings, change your behavior… change your life. Simple, right?Unless your brain doesn't work that way…Sometimes…? Research… Ain't.How could COGNITIVE Behavioral Therapy not be inappropriate for autistics?Research Problem #1. It's based on studying neurotypical populations. But we autistics think differently by definition.Problem #2? For the foundational studies, CBT researchers used white, university student subjects… for the most part. They're easy and cheap to find. But maybe 3% are autistic? Maybe? ALL with decent IQs and functioning student skills… even the few autistic subjects?And Problem #3 is a doozy. Many autistics survive by people-pleasing. Kids and grownups. We're likely to mask our true experiences to appear "better"... or please therapists. Plus we may have trouble perceiving and communicating our own experience. Self-reported data might not reflect our reality.,Then there's one that's rarely discussed. Problem #4… the "waitlist relief effect." Most neurodivergent folks endure months or years waiting for therapy, suffering intensely. When we finally get accepted into therapy? There's overwhelming relief… elevating our mood and behavior. Which distorts everything a therapist will hear.We may dial up our masking. Cuz we're scared shitless we'll lose this lifeline.Meanwhile, researchers publish, buff their nails…. and attribute any self-reported improvement as proof their technique works.The Cognitive Part…? A Stopper.Substitute "executive functioning" for "cognitive." As in the thing they say is largely missing from my autistic forebrain.The entire technique? One cognitive process after another.. First you must notice. Then you must reflect.Then decide.Then review.Then judge context.Then review…Finally… Act.Then regret.Let that sink in. All of cognitive therapy is about monitoring individual thoughts for "cognitive errors." Then replacing them with correct ones.Hundreds of decisions, distinctions, social cue processings. Executive functioning. A process that NEVER became automatic for me. As clinician after clinician cheerfully reassured me it would.Many autistic individuals have memory differences. Working memory differences that make it nearly impossible to hold the kind of information cognitive work requires. Much less manipulate it on the fly…Now… About Behavior.Now, the "Behavioral" part of CBT? The Skinnerian special sauce?Rewards… and punishments… for the action you choose. Hoping you'll build automatic, correct responses.Basically rat training. If you shock me enough times. Sure. I won't go through that door. AND I will struggle mightily to only have an internal stroke... rather than an external meltdown.But the researcher... or teacher... gets to check the box, "Cured." Cuz we're no longer a nuisance to them. And we continue to quietly die. Invisibly. Politely...Inside.That kind of aversion... to fear or pain? True for every living thing at an evolutionary level above a paramecium.Like rats. Or kids. Cuz... FEAR works. PAIN works. Just not the way they think.These Practical Implementation Failures…Should sound pretty familiar. To autistic folks. Keenly aware of the nightmare effort Autistic Masking demands around Straight Society.So, look, we know masking doesn't work. Or fear. Or PAIN. We're dying from them already.That's all the words we need.Add to this our difficulty forming new habits, maintaining routines, and processing cognitive information differently. Under stress… which therapy itself can induce… we often revert to previous behaviors. Any “improvements” from “techniques”? Not bloody likely they're ingrained as permanent muscle memory.Requiring frequent refresher sessions to maintain the illusion of change… and progress.As one commenter wrote: "To me, CBT has always felt inherently surface-level. It's like closing a few tabs on your browser as opposed to doing a factory reset."Biggest problem of all? Neurodivergent Diversity.Autistic, ADHD, AuDHD, dyslexic, dyspraxic… all different cognitive profiles.Sure, we're all different from the typical population. But an autistic who also experiences ADHD thinks and acts differently than a dyslexic one. At least to my trained observation. I was a mental health social worker for 10 years…Despite these complexities… Maybe because it is complex… It seems to me that CBT treats us all as if we're standard-model humans. With a few bugs to fix.We require GENERATIONAL studies of representative populations to sort this spaghetti pile out. Before we should be recommending these techniques.On living humans. Adults. And especially kids.ABA and Its Relatives: An Even Deeper Hole.Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) deserves special mention. It's the behavioral therapy most parents hear about in grammar schools.What most don't know? ABA shares roots with debunked, torturous gay Conversion Therapy. Outlawed in many states. Both were developed by O. Ivar Lovaas in the 60s.Both aim to eliminate "undesirable" behaviors. Using “aversive” techniques. From snapping rubber bands in the nice clinics. To cattle prods in the not-so-nice facilities.Punishing and suppressing behaviors that are natural to our nervous systems. Behaviors that protect us from a society not built for us.ABA may have volumes of "data." But it's all shaped by behaviors researchers and parents want, not what autistic children or adults need. The outcomes measured? Eye contact. Sitting still. Verbal responses. Not internal autistic wellbeing.It's important to understand one simple point. Data is not science.How you frame your research or experiment How you gather your data How you choose how many subjects and whom When you choose to gather data How you interpret your data How you present your dataAll impact its validity and value. ABA and all its camouflaged cousins fall down on this core scientific truth.Bottom line? When former ABA children grow up, many report trauma. PTSD. Anxiety. Depression. Self-harm.ConclusionFuck #ABA. Fuck #CBT.Everybody in the therapeutic-industrial complex from clinic receptionist to billionaire pharmaceutical CEO makes money. From your kid's pain. Caused by treatments that don't address neurodivergent needs. As far as I… and better-known neurodiversity-affirming authorities… can tell.Strong words? Yes. Because minds… and lives… are at stake.We need therapies that work WITH our neurology, not against it. That build on our strengths instead of calling us coolly, professionally, pathologizing names.In Part 3, we'll really bring this all home. How labeling our intrinsic differences as disease is about as anti-therapeutic as you can get.We'll explore "PDA… Not Every Difference Is a Disease." And really raise a ruckus.OutroFor your deeper diving pleasure, the transcript contains references and footnotes for most points I raise. From a variety of views.Hey, don't forget, you can download Part 1, “Autistic Resilience.” Or download both parts as one file.More coming in this series exploring how neurodivergent folks can build sustainable, authentic lives… with or without professional intervention. With 2 more parts coming…AutisticAF Out Loud podcast is supported solely by listeners like you. If you have a friend or family member touched by neurodiversity? Why not turn them on to us with a quick email?By the way, we believe no one should have to pay to be autistic. Many neurodivergent people can't afford subscription content.Your Ko-Fi tip of any amount helps keep this resource free for them. Or join our paid subscriber community at johnnyprofaneknapp.substack.com for ongoing support. I put both links in description.References & Further Reading1: Ableist: Discriminating against people with disabilities by assuming everyone's mind and body work the same way. Like designing a world only for the "standard model human" and then blaming us when we can't navigate it.2: Operant conditioning: A learning process in which behavior is shaped by rewards or punishments.3: Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Penguin.4: Bottema-Beutel, K., & Crowley, S. (2021). Pervasive Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest in Applied Behavior Analysis Autism Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.5: Cage, E., Di Monaco, J., & Newell, V. (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484.6: Masking: The act of concealing one's autistic traits to fit in or avoid negative attention.7: Meta-analyses show that waitlist control groups often overestimate the effect sizes of psychotherapies for depression and anxiety, and that changes occurring during waitlist periods are typically small, making waitlist-controlled trials a less strict test of effectiveness.Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., Purgato, M., de Wit, L., Ebert, D. D., ... & Furukawa, T. A. (2024). Overestimation of the effect sizes of psychotherapies for depression in waitlist-controlled trials: a meta-analytic comparison with usual care controlled trials. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 33, e10.8: Patterson, B., Boyle, M. H., Kivlenieks, M., & Van Ameringen, M. (2016). The use of waitlists as control conditions in anxiety disorders research. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 56-64.9: Boucher, J., Mayes, A., & Bigham, S. (2012). Memory in autistic spectrum disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 138(3), 458-496.10: Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5-25.11: Rekers, G. A., & Lovaas, O. I. (1974). Behavioral treatment of deviant sex-role behaviors in a male child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7(2), 173–190.See also: El Dewar (2024), "ABA: The Neuro-Normative Conversion Therapy," NDConnection; and the Lovaas Institute's 2024 statement regarding conversion therapy.12: Sandoval-Norton, A. H., & Shkedy, G. (2019). How much compliance is too much compliance: Is long-term ABA therapy abuse? Cogent Psychology, 6(1).13: McGill, O., & Robinson, A. (2020). "Recalling hidden harms": Autistic experiences of childhood Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA). Advances in Autism, ahead-of-print.14: Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2021). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics, 147(5), e2020049880.81015: Weston, L., Hodgekins, J., & Langdon, P. E. (2016). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy with people who have autistic spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 49, 41-54.16: Miguel, C., Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., et al. (2025). Self-reports vs clinician ratings of efficacies of psychotherapies for depression: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 34, e9.Note: Links are provided for reference only. Views expressed may differ from my own experiences and observations. Sources affiliated with Autism Speaks are controversial in the neurodiversity community. Their research may be included for completeness. But perhaps be cautious.Binge on the most authentic autistic voice in podcasting.7 decades of raw truth, real insights, zero yadayada.#AutisticAF Out Loud Newsletter is a reader-supported publication. Click below to receive new posts… free. Tosupport my work, consider becoming a paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit johnnyprofaneknapp.substack.com/subscribe

Cold OpenYou wanna pathologize me? Knock yerself out. Faithfully counting every leaf marked "deficit"…But missing the whole damn forest we know locally as "Survival."[Doc? You Got Us All Wrong, Pt 1: Autistic Resilience]IntroYou're listening to AutisticAF Out Loud. One voice. Raw. Real. Fiercely Neurodivergent. Since 1953.Season 5, Episode 5. “Doc? You Got Us All Wrong, Pt 1: Autistic Resilience.”Deficits… or strengths? Survival… or thriving? Pathology… or inborn, natural autistic behavior? We turn the diagnostic telescope around. Let's focus on the forest of resilience behind every leaf labeled "deficit."An experimental multi-part series… all around 10 minutes. Because some neurodivergent listeners like to binge in small bites. Or you can download Part 1 and Part 2 at once… for listeners who crave the whole enchilada in one sitting.Just one autistic elder's truth. I'm Johnny Profane.Content Note: trauma discussion, medical system critique, institutional discrimination, psychiatric hospitalizations, systemic oppression + experiences & opinions of one autistic voice... in my 70s.[Music]What I tell any therapist… any caregiver… first session:I have survived physical and sexual abuse from family and schoolmates.Bullying by teachers and fellow students… 2nd grade through high school.Multiple professional crashes… in multiple careers.At least a dozen firings.2 evictions.1 bankruptcy.Dozens of major household moves.Few friends, and…2 divorces, 3 "living togethers," and a couple of "serious" relationships that, well…, weren't?Ain't this resilience?Resilience. Ya know, that cap-and-gown term pros use for getting knocked down seven times. Stubbornly getting up… eight...I'm still alive. Still creating. Still getting published. Still speaking to thousands of autistics a year.Never attempted suicide... despite three hospitalizations.AND I'm still autistic. Cuz there ain't no cure for something that ain't wrong. Unless you base your "medical model" on some statistical "normal"… which is just a made up story. Cuz not one living person is summed up by a Bell curve normal… not even within a standard deviation.Yes, yes… yes. Some professionals are evolving. Pros who listen more than lecture. But face it. In the grand scheme of things… they're rare.Let's get clear right now, right here. It's not being autistic that creates our trauma. It's living autistic in a society that inflicts trauma on us. Refusing to accept, adapt… support… us.Why do "helping" pros focus on my deficits, my lacks, my pitiful performance of “Activities of Daily Living”…? Like, did I shower today…? No.Rather than the sheer strength of will I demonstrate every time I take my next breath?Why do they offer to fix me,inform me,guide me, andcharge me for sessions,mentoring,workshops,best-selling books,SYSTEMS they've just invented…based on… at best… incomplete research?[Music]You know social media… if you like and share this podcast, a lot more people will check it out. You can do a lot of good with just one click.You wanna pathologize me? Knock yerself out.Turn my every inborn neurodivergent characteristic into a disease. You do have powerful diagnostic tools…But you're looking through that diagnostic telescope backwards. Faithfully counting every leaf marked "deficit"… But missing the whole damn forest that we know locally as "Survival."Like my "failure to maintain eye contact.” A “social deficit.” Right... completely missing how that survival skill lets me process your words… without painful sensory overload. My form of my respect… for you.Go ahead and use professionally, objectively disempowering terms, like "comorbidity"... betraying your bias that my very way of Being is… in your eyes… a disease. And then riff on, elaborate away: "pathological demand avoidance," "obsessive-compulsive disorder," "borderline personality disorder,"And on and on… and on.Truth? Every diagnosis? Just another survival mechanism. Not symptoms of autism. Responses to how society treats autism.Behaviors that kept me alive… in your world. While you obsess over what's "wrong" with me…Or… we could build on my autistic strengths.Look, none of us have all of these. And superpowers don't exist. Some have strengths not listed. But if you aren't looking for them? Likely, you're mis-treating us.* Resilience: Just surviving multiple, severe stressors is a biggie. Every autistic adult you meet has adapted to extreme challenges. Most of us… traumatized. Yet we endure. We integrate. We keep going.* Deep Feeling: Pros call ‘em "mood swings." We call it feeling everything… deeply. Depth that drives our creativity… in science, art, writing, becoming lunatic billionaires… or the cool neighbor next door.. It's not a flaw. It's fuel.* Survival Skills: My life, my continued existence… is my proof. Just as any autistic adult's life is. We've survived devastating life events. With inner strength and coping strategies.These aren't skills most professionals understand… not even some neurodivergent practitioners. Because these skills are linked to how our individual autistic minds work. Which is… in fact… different. Not just from most humans. From each other, too.* Creative Persistence: Every autistic person knows this pull. Our passionate focus on our interests. Grabbing us deeper than hunger. We don't just see details… no matter what TV tells you. We work on wide canvases. We create. We build. We solve. That's strength.* Living with Extremes: My knee surgeon was shocked. "You walked two miles a day on a torn meniscus?" Yes, but… a light touch on my face can trigger panic. That's not contradiction. That's how we survive. We may get sensory warnings earlier than most… Yet we handle what breaks others. Daily.* Hidden Adaptability: Look at my life changes—jobs, homes, relationships. Society labels us as "rigid." Truth is, we adapt constantly. We got no choice. Yet we persevere. We keep doing. That's not weakness. That's strength.* Processing Power: We take in everything. Process it deeply. Yet live through emotional and sensory experiences that would derail most people. We keep going. Keep growing. That's not dysfunction. That's determination. Coming directly from… not despite… our neurodivergent cognition.* Spectrum of Strength: Maybe resilience is a spectrum, too. And some of us autistics crank it up past 11. Not weakness from disability. Strength from difference. Turning autistic stereotypes upside down. Yet again.[Music]Just a quickie… this is Part 1 of “Doc? You Got Autism All Wrong?” Why not binge the next part? Or download the long-form version with both parts? Link in transcript.Challenging Normal-izing ModelsMy story? Just one among thousands. Millions.I've worked as a magazine publisher. Functioned as an academic grad student… multiple times. And been homeless… multiple times. I've been privileged to hear many, many similar stories over the decades. At all levels of society, education, age.These stories all share one truth: Autistic traits are not inherently deficits. They can be hidden sources of strength and resilience. In the right environment. In the right community.Take one example: Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA). What pros like to label our natural, neurodivergent response to external demands like deadlines. I meet the diagnostic criteria. Always have. But in my opinion, they bulldoze right over my inborn need for autonomy. Leading too often to trauma. PDA… seems to me… a dehumanizing slur. For the nature I was born with.Yet many neurodivergents find comfort and support diagnosed as PDA. In the acknowledgment of our differences the diagnosis does offer. I don't wish to negate their experience. And I'm not arguing neurodivergents do NOT have needs for autonomy. Or that we don't suffer due to these differences. At the hands of Straight Culture.My point: Sensory and social differences are NOT pathologies.It's like dogs noticing that cats are more hyper than canines...So to "help" ‘em, pro dogs decide to forcibly train or torture every cat. To steamroll them into converting to “Dog Normal.”We are human… autistic humans.We need what all humans need: To build on our strengths. To find our nurturing environments. To choose our supportive communities.We just accomplish these things... differently.Look, I'm fighting the whole Normative Narrative. Which demands any difference MUST be "cured." Or at least fixed.And I'm not keen on neurodivergent-based attempts to bandaid the problem. By simply defining a new normal for autistics and other neurodivergents. Just another standard we may fail to live up to.Frankly, I'm calling for a strengths-based, non-normative psychology for all neurodivergents. A theme I develop in this series and future podcasts. How we might replace CBT and similar treatments with more neurodivergent-centered alternatives.So where do we start this revolution?Doc, Stop. Look again…At the big picture this time. See those brilliant sparks of unusual strength? Far more powerful than your "deficits."Reality check: Up to now, you've just been documenting how modern consumer culture fails our neurology. In the office. In our schools. In shopping at freaking Walmart for fuck's sake.Anywhere we're forced to process too much sensory input. Or pretend to read invisible social cues. Pretend we're you… without rest or accommodation.Let's explore a new direction. Simply put?Doc… stop looking through your telescope backwards. Look at us. Right in front of your eyes._____References & Further ReadingNeither exhaustive nor comprehensive. Articles that made me think.* The high prevalence of trauma and adverse experiences among autistic individuals* PTSD and Autism* Trauma and Autism: Research and Resources* How to build resiliency in autistic individuals: an implication to advance mental health* Association Between Autism and PTSD Among Adult Psychiatric Outpatients* The relationship between autism and resilience* Building Resilience – An Important Life Skill* Understanding Resilience in Neurodivergent Adults* Autistic Resilience: Overcoming Adversity Through Self-Care and Strengths* The criticism of deficit-based models of autism* Moving Beyond Deficit-Based Models of Autism* Strengths-First Assessment in Autism* The reality of autistic strengths and capabilities* 6 Strengths (not Weaknesses) of Individuals with Autism* Autism as a Strength* Neurodiversity as a Competitive AdvantageNote: Links are provided for reference only. Views expressed may differ from my own experiences and observations. Sources affiliated with Autism Speaks are controversial in the neurodiversity community. Their research may be included for completeness. But perhaps be cautious.Doc, You Got Us All Wrong, Pt 2: CBT...? Never Worked for Autistic MeCold OpenCBT…? Never worked for autistic me.So, look, we KNOW masking doesn't work. Or FEAR. Or PAIN. We're dying from them already.That's all the words we need.[Music]IntroYou're listening to AutisticAF Out Loud. One voice. Raw. Real. Fiercely Neurodivergent. Since 1953.Season 5, Episode 6. “Doc? You Got Us All Wrong, Pt 2: CBT…? Never Worked for Autistic Me.”Abelist agendas. Bad research subjects. Bad data. Bad therapy.There's the whole story.An experimental multi-part series… around 10 minutes each. Cuz some autistic listeners tell me they like to binge in small bites. Others say they listen in the car… so you can also download the complete series as one file.Just one autistic elder's truth. I'm Johnny Profane.Content Note: trauma discussion, medical system critique, institutional discrimination, psychiatric hospitalizations, systemic oppression + experiences & opinions of one autistic voice... in my 70s.[Music]I've been struggling with an article on CBT & Autism for years.Sigh. Spoons. A lot of reading. A lot of thinking…To come to my opinion… my thesis…that any therapy based on purely cognitive techniques… even if pros throw on some Behavioral rubber-band-snapping special sauce on the side…?It's inherently ableist… attacking the very way our autistic brains are wired. Demanding abilities many neurodivergents just weren't born with.Here's a snapshot. A quick personal story from when autistic-as-fuck me turned for help…“I'm sorry… What did you just say?”“I said…” He looked nervous. “I said… I always recommend aversive therapy for my autistic kids. My clients.”Me. In a dead-cold voice. “Snapping a rubber band.”“Y-e-s-s.” He seemed torn. Was I gonna get positive reinforcement… Or that weird, hostile, defensiveness professionals get. When you ask questions.Into that hesitant silence, I say, “Snap it hard. Hard as they can. Against their wrist.”“Yes. The sting is important.” Now, he's eager to share. “When they repeat the aversive stimulus, they…”Again I interrupt with my ashen, Clint-Eastwood voice. “During a meltdown.”“Well… actually… just before.” He's beaming, proud. “They learn to snap the band at the earliest hint they'll lose control. It's operant conditioning.”A kid having a meltdown on Aisle 3. Likely overwhelmed by sensory overload.Let's just add a little sharp pain… and see what happens…As if by giving it some science-y name… it's not self-inflicted torture.Brief CBT BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy emerged in the 60s. A kind of forced marriage. Between Beck's cognitive therapy… focused on internal thoughts. And Skinner's behavioral therapy… focused on observable behavior. Both developed studying neurotypical minds.Change your thoughts, change your feelings, change your behavior… change your life. Simple, right?Unless your brain doesn't work that way…Sometimes…? Research… Ain't.How could COGNITIVE Behavioral Therapy not be inappropriate for autistics?Research Problem #1. It's based on studying neurotypical populations. But we autistics think differently by definition.Problem #2? For the foundational studies, CBT researchers used white, university student subjects… for the most part. They're easy and cheap to find. But maybe 3% are autistic? Maybe? ALL with decent IQs and functioning student skills… even the few autistic subjects?And Problem #3 is a doozy. Many autistics survive by people-pleasing. Kids and grownups. We're likely to mask our true experiences to appear "better"... or please therapists. Plus we may have trouble perceiving and communicating our own experience. Self-reported data might not reflect our reality.,Then there's one that's rarely discussed. Problem #4… the "waitlist relief effect." Most neurodivergent folks endure months or years waiting for therapy, suffering intensely. When we finally get accepted into therapy? There's overwhelming relief… elevating our mood and behavior. Which distorts everything a therapist will hear.We may dial up our masking. Cuz we're scared shitless we'll lose this lifeline.Meanwhile, researchers publish, buff their nails…. and attribute any self-reported improvement as proof their technique works.,The Cognitive Part…? A Stopper.Substitute "executive functioning" for "cognitive." As in the thing they say is largely missing from my autistic forebrain.The entire technique? One cognitive process after another.. First you must notice. Then you must reflect.Then decide.Then review.Then judge context.Then review…Finally… Act.Then regret.Let that sink in. All of cognitive therapy is about monitoring individual thoughts for "cognitive errors." Then replacing them with correct ones.Hundreds of decisions, distinctions, social cue processings. Executive functioning. A process that NEVER became automatic for me. As clinician after clinician cheerfully reassured me it would.Many autistic individuals have memory differences. Working memory differences that make it nearly impossible to hold the kind of information cognitive work requires. Much less manipulate it on the fly…Now… About Behavior.Now, the "Behavioral" part of CBT? The Skinnerian special sauce?Rewards… and punishments… for the action you choose. Hoping you'll build automatic, correct responses.Basically rat training. If you shock me enough times. Sure. I won't go through that door. AND I will struggle mightily to only have an internal stroke... rather than an external meltdown.But the researcher... or teacher... gets to check the box, "Cured." Cuz we're no longer a nuisance to them. And we continue to quietly die. Invisibly. Politely...Inside.That kind of aversion... to fear or pain? True for every living thing at an evolutionary level above a paramecium.Like rats. Or kids. Cuz... FEAR works. PAIN works. Just not the way they think.These Practical Implementation Failures…Should sound pretty familiar. To autistic folks. Keenly aware of the nightmare effort Autistic Masking demands around Straight Society.So, look, we know masking doesn't work. Or fear. Or PAIN. We're dying from them already.That's all the words we need.Add to this our difficulty forming new habits, maintaining routines, and processing cognitive information differently. Under stress… which therapy itself can induce… we often revert to previous behaviors. Any “improvements” from “techniques”? Not bloody likely they're ingrained as permanent muscle memory.Requiring frequent refresher sessions to maintain the illusion of change… and progress.As one commenter wrote: "To me, CBT has always felt inherently surface-level. It's like closing a few tabs on your browser as opposed to doing a factory reset."Biggest problem of all? Neurodivergent Diversity.Autistic, ADHD, AuDHD, dyslexic, dyspraxic… all different cognitive profiles.Sure, we're all different from the typical population. But an autistic who also experiences ADHD thinks and acts differently than a dyslexic one. At least to my trained observation. I was a mental health social worker for 10 years…Despite these complexities… Maybe because it is complex… It seems to me that CBT treats us all as if we're standard-model humans. With a few bugs to fix.We require GENERATIONAL studies of representative populations to sort this spaghetti pile out. Before we should be recommending these techniques.On living humans. Adults. And especially kids.ABA and Its Relatives: An Even Deeper Hole.Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) deserves special mention. It's the behavioral therapy most parents hear about in grammar schools.What most don't know? ABA shares roots with debunked, torturous gay Conversion Therapy. Outlawed in many states. Both were developed by O. Ivar Lovaas in the 60s.Both aim to eliminate "undesirable" behaviors. Using “aversive” techniques. From snapping rubber bands in the nice clinics. To cattle prods in the not-so-nice facilities.Punishing and suppressing behaviors that are natural to our nervous systems. Behaviors that protect us from a society not built for us.ABA may have volumes of "data." But it's all shaped by behaviors researchers and parents want, not what autistic children or adults need. The outcomes measured? Eye contact. Sitting still. Verbal responses. Not internal autistic wellbeing.It's important to understand one simple point. Data is not science.How you frame your research or experiment How you gather your data How you choose how many subjects and whom When you choose to gather data How you interpret your data How you present your dataAll impact its validity and value. ABA and all its camouflaged cousins fall down on this core scientific truth.Bottom line? When former ABA children grow up, many report trauma. PTSD. Anxiety. Depression. Self-harm.ConclusionFuck #ABA. Fuck #CBT.Everybody in the therapeutic-industrial complex from clinic receptionist to billionaire pharmaceutical CEO makes money. From your kid's pain. Caused by treatments that don't address neurodivergent needs. As far as I… and better-known neurodiversity-affirming authorities… can tell.Strong words? Yes. Because minds… and lives… are at stake.We need therapies that work WITH our neurology, not against it. That build on our strengths instead of calling us coolly, professionally, pathologizing names.In Part 3, we'll really bring this all home. How labeling our intrinsic differences as disease is about as anti-therapeutic as you can get.We'll explore "PDA… Not Every Difference Is a Disease." And really raise a ruckus.OutroFor your deeper diving pleasure, the transcript contains references and footnotes for most points I raise. From a variety of views.Hey, don't forget, you can download Part 1, “Autistic Resilience.” Or download both parts as one file.More coming in this series exploring how neurodivergent folks can build sustainable, authentic lives… with or without professional intervention. With 2 more parts coming…AutisticAF Out Loud podcast is supported solely by listeners like you. If you have a friend or family member touched by neurodiversity? Why not turn them on to us with a quick email?By the way, we believe no one should have to pay to be autistic. Many neurodivergent people can't afford subscription content.Your Ko-Fi tip of any amount helps keep this resource free for them. Or join our paid subscriber community at johnnyprofaneknapp.substack.com for ongoing support. I put both links in description.References & Further Reading1: Ableist: Discriminating against people with disabilities by assuming everyone's mind and body work the same way. Like designing a world only for the "standard model human" and then blaming us when we can't navigate it.2: Operant conditioning: A learning process in which behavior is shaped by rewards or punishments.3: Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Penguin.4: Bottema-Beutel, K., & Crowley, S. (2021). Pervasive Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest in Applied Behavior Analysis Autism Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.5: Cage, E., Di Monaco, J., & Newell, V. (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484.6: Masking: The act of concealing one's autistic traits to fit in or avoid negative attention.7: Meta-analyses show that waitlist control groups often overestimate the effect sizes of psychotherapies for depression and anxiety, and that changes occurring during waitlist periods are typically small, making waitlist-controlled trials a less strict test of effectiveness.Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., Purgato, M., de Wit, L., Ebert, D. D., ... & Furukawa, T. A. (2024). Overestimation of the effect sizes of psychotherapies for depression in waitlist-controlled trials: a meta-analytic comparison with usual care controlled trials. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 33, e10.8: Patterson, B., Boyle, M. H., Kivlenieks, M., & Van Ameringen, M. (2016). The use of waitlists as control conditions in anxiety disorders research. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 56-64.9: Boucher, J., Mayes, A., & Bigham, S. (2012). Memory in autistic spectrum disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 138(3), 458-496.10: Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5-25.11: Rekers, G. A., & Lovaas, O. I. (1974). Behavioral treatment of deviant sex-role behaviors in a male child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7(2), 173–190.See also: El Dewar (2024), "ABA: The Neuro-Normative Conversion Therapy," NDConnection; and the Lovaas Institute's 2024 statement regarding conversion therapy.12: Sandoval-Norton, A. H., & Shkedy, G. (2019). How much compliance is too much compliance: Is long-term ABA therapy abuse? Cogent Psychology, 6(1).13: McGill, O., & Robinson, A. (2020). "Recalling hidden harms": Autistic experiences of childhood Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA). Advances in Autism, ahead-of-print.14: Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2021). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics, 147(5), e2020049880.81015: Weston, L., Hodgekins, J., & Langdon, P. E. (2016). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy with people who have autistic spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 49, 41-54.16: Miguel, C., Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., et al. (2025). Self-reports vs clinician ratings of efficacies of psychotherapies for depression: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 34, e9.Note: Links are provided for reference only. Views expressed may differ from my own experiences and observations. Sources affiliated with Autism Speaks are controversial in the neurodiversity community. Their research may be included for completeness. But perhaps be cautious.#AutisticAF Out Loud Newsletter is a reader-supported publication. Click below to receive new posts… free. To support my work, consider becoming a paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit johnnyprofaneknapp.substack.com/subscribe

Dans cette saison, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. Ceux qui partent, ceux qui parlent Certains anciens membres qui ont quitté la Famille ont fini par révéler le secret : à commencer par Alexandre dont les enfants et la femme sont encore dans La Famille. Il a contacté le reporter Nicolas Jacquard mais aussi Joseph Fert, l'ancien enfant battu par le gourou de Malrevers. Et puis il y a tous ceux qui pour différentes raisons ont accepté de parler aux journalistes. Parmi eux, Valentine, interrogée par Marie Peyraube dans le documentaire consacrée à La Famille sur BFM TV. Découvrez la dernière saison : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠L'énigme de l'ange de l'A10⁠ Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture : Capucine Lebot Voix : Caroline Nogueras En partenariat avec upday.  Première diffusion : 12 octobre 2023 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dans cette saison, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. Le cauchemar de Malrevers Dans toutes les familles, il y a des caractères plus forts que d'autres, un membre un peu à part, différent. Dans La Famille c'est Vincent Thibout, petit neveu de mon Oncle Auguste, un illuminé, “un inspiré” selon le langage Familial. Vincent Thibout est un trentenaire au physique quelconque : de taille moyenne, des petits yeux, des lèvres sans caractère et déjà, une calvitie. Comme tous ses proches, il est né et a grandi au sein de la communauté. A 31 ans, en 1957, il a des envies d'ailleurs, de découvrir la vie si particulière des kibboutz israéliens, ces villages où l'on vit en collectivité, sans jamais être propriétaire. Il y reste un an, puis rentre rue de Montreuil avec une idée en tête... exporter La Famille hors de la capitale. Découvrez la dernière saison : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠L'énigme de l'ange de l'A10⁠ Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture : Capucine Lebot Voix : Caroline Nogueras En partenariat avec upday.  Première diffusion : 2 octobre 2023 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dans cette saison, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. Mon oncle Auguste La famille se réunit autour d'une chrétienté en marge de l'Eglise, régi par l'austérité et la discrétion. Depuis sa création en 1819, d'autres patronymes sont venus grossir les rangs. Les Havet et Thibout ont été rejoints par les Sanglier, Déchelette, Sandoz, Maître, Pulin et Fert. Au début du XXeme siècle, un homme, Paul Augustin Thibout, descendant direct des fondateurs, va durcir le ton et cadrer les troupes. Découvrez la dernière saison : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠L'énigme de l'ange de l'A10⁠ Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture : Capucine Lebot Voix : Caroline Nogueras En partenariat avec upday.  Première diffusion : 5 octobre 2023 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dans cette saison, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. La tribu de la rue de Montreuil  Il est 16 heures, à l'école primaire Titon située dans le 11ème arrondissement. Dans la salle de classe, les jeunes élèves ne tiennent plus en place. La cloche sonne, ils se précipitent dehors. Devant le bâtiment scolaire, tous les jours, la chorégraphie est la même : une dizaine de mamans attendent patiemment, certaines sont enceintes, d'autres ont des enfants dans des poussettes. Souriantes, parfaitement coiffées, vêtues de jupes simples, sourire aux lèvres, elles semblent heureuses. De leur sac dépassent les goûters pour la horde de blondinets qui s'empressent de les rejoindre aussi vite que possible. Découvrez la dernière saison : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠L'énigme de l'ange de l'A10 Un podcast Bababam Originals Ecriture : Capucine Lebot Voix : Caroline Nogueras En partenariat avec upday.  Première diffusion : 2 octobre 2023 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Redécouvrez prochainement l'histoire de La Famille, une communauté secrète en plein Paris. Dans cette saison, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. A très vite dans Home(icides) ! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Legacy social media platforms lock you in, control your audience, and exploit your data. Farcaster aims to fix those problems. But how can it attract developers and users in an already saturated media environment?  Developer Ecosystem Lead Linda Xie joined the show to explain: How Farcaster addresses social media's structural flaws How Farcaster's mini-app ecosystem is helping to grow the user base The most popular apps taking off on the platform How the whole crypto community could benefit from gathering on Farcaster Why she believes crypto communities belong on open, portable networks And why her family's history helped her grasp the significance of Bitcoin in 2011 Visit our website for breaking news, analysis, op-eds, articles to learn about crypto, and much more: unchainedcrypto.com Bitwise Linda Xie, Developer Ecosystem Lead at Farcaster Previous coverage of Unchained on Farcaster and social media: Farcaster Wants to Win Over Crypto. Here's How It's Different From ‘Crypto Twitter' Ethereum Accounts to Post on Social Media More After Criticism How Decentralized Social Network Farcaster Hopes to Eventually Get to One Billion Users What is Warpcast Wallet? Farcaster's Snapchain Farcaster's mini-apps Understanding Farcaster: A Sufficiently Decentralized Social Graph Protocol Timestamps:

Legacy social media platforms lock you in, control your audience, and exploit your data. Farcaster aims to fix those problems. But how can it attract developers and users in an already saturated media environment?  Developer Ecosystem Lead Linda Xie joined the show to explain: How Farcaster addresses social media's structural flaws How Farcaster's mini-app ecosystem is helping to grow the user base The most popular apps taking off on the platform How the whole crypto community could benefit from gathering on Farcaster Why she believes crypto communities belong on open, portable networks And why her family's history helped her grasp the significance of Bitcoin in 2011 Visit our website for breaking news, analysis, op-eds, articles to learn about crypto, and much more: unchainedcrypto.com Bitwise Linda Xie, Developer Ecosystem Lead at Farcaster Previous coverage of Unchained on Farcaster and social media: Farcaster Wants to Win Over Crypto. Here's How It's Different From ‘Crypto Twitter' Ethereum Accounts to Post on Social Media More After Criticism How Decentralized Social Network Farcaster Hopes to Eventually Get to One Billion Users What is Warpcast Wallet? Farcaster's Snapchain Farcaster's mini-apps Understanding Farcaster: A Sufficiently Decentralized Social Graph Protocol Timestamps:

La fille d'un ponte de la cryptomonnaie a fait l'objet d'une tentative d'enlèvement dans le XIe arrondissement de Paris. Trois hommes cagoulés ont tenté de la faire monter de force à bord d'une fourgonnette. Romain Chilly, avocat pénaliste spécialiste de la cryptomonnaie, est l'invité de RTL Soir. Ecoutez L'invité de Yves Calvi du 13 mai 2025.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

La fille d'un ponte de la cryptomonnaie a fait l'objet d'une tentative d'enlèvement dans le XIe arrondissement de Paris. Trois hommes cagoulés ont tenté de la faire monter de force à bord d'une fourgonnette. Romain Chilly, avocat pénaliste spécialiste de la cryptomonnaie, est l'invité de RTL Soir. Ecoutez L'invité de Yves Calvi du 13 mai 2025.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

L'invité: Etienne Anheim, directeur d'études à l'EHESS La discussion :· Le conclave, objet historique en apparence réifié par la tradition de l'Église (1 :00)· Désigner les papes dans l'Église du haut Moyen âge (4:00)· Les tournants du XIe siècle et de la réforme grégorienne, avec l'élection par les cardinaux (9:00)· Qu'est-ce qu'un cardinal ? (18:00)· La naissance du conclave : Grégoire X, Ubi periculum, 1274 (28:35)· Vers la fixation spatiale des papes, et la papauté d'Avignon (36:00)· Les surprises des conclaves, avec Jean XXII et le Grand Schisme (44:00)· Un Moyen âge où foisonnent les élections (51:35) Les références citées dans l'émission :· Olivier Christin, Vox populi. Une histoire du vote avant le suffrage universel, Paris, Seuil, 2014.· Olivier Christin, « le lent triomphe du nombre »· Renaud Villard, « Le conclave des parieurs Paris, opinion publique et continuité du pouvoir pontifical à Rome au XVIe siècle », Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 64/2, p. 375-403.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

PAUL PELLIOT : L'ARCHEOLOGUE SUR LES TRACES DU CHRISTIANISME EN CHINEAujourd'hui nous entrons dans l'histoire du christianisme chinois. Nous allons revenir sur cette exploration incroyable qui a été menée par Paul Pelliot, un savant français, un philologue de génie, comme il n'en existe que très peu. Cet explorateur a découvert en 1908 des manuscrits chrétiens dans une grotte de Dunhuang, dans le grand ouest chinois. Cette découverte fondamentale a permis de comprendre et d'interpréter d'autres événements historiques qui ont eu lieu dans cette région de Chine il y a des centaines d'années. Pour cet épisode de La Petite Histoire, j'ai la chance d'être accompagné par Alexis Balmont qui est docteur de l'EPHE, École Pratique des Hautes Études. Sa recherche porte sur l'histoire du christianisme chinois des VIIe au XIe siècles. Il a d'ailleurs publié récemment un ouvrage autour de cette thématique : Le christianisme chinois du haut Moyen-Âge. Et à l'automne 2025, Alexis Balmont va publier un autre ouvrage autour de cette même thématique, une nouvelle traduction des textes chrétiens chinois de cette époque, dans la collection Sources Chrétiennes, aux éditions du Cerf. Pour retrouver une conférence d'Alexis Balmont autour du christianisme chinois rdv ici.Photo : Paul Pelliot dans la niche aux manuscrits (ou grotte 17) de Dunhuang© Réunion des musées nationaux – Grand Palais, 2023Date : Entre le 25 février et le 27 mai 1908Lieu : Dunhuang (Chine)Auteur : Charles Nouette (1869-1910), photographeDescription technique : Épreuve au gélatino-bromure d'argent sur papier, 18 × 24 cmProvenance : Paris, musée Guimet, archives photographiques, AP8187Si vous avez envie d'adhérer à La Grande Famille "La Petite Histoire" ça se passe sur Patreon ici :

Nous sommes le 25 décembre 1022, à Orléans. Robert II le Pieux, roi des Francs, depuis un peu plus de vingt-cinq ans, fait mettre en accusation quatorze chanoines du chapitre de la cathédrale Sainte-Croix. Des chanoines qui ont été dénoncés par un certain Arefat, chevalier normand infiltré. Dès la dénonciation enregistrée, un synode délibère durant neuf heures, sous la présidence du roi et en présence de la reine Constance. La situation est délicate : les accusés sont des clercs de haut niveau, leur dialectique théologique est bien rodée. Parmi eux, figure Étienne, l'ancien confesseur de la reine. Un témoin de l'époque rapporte que la vindicative et rancunière Constance a tenté de l'éborgner, pendant les débats. Mais, les heures passant, si l'on en croit les cinq chroniques qui relatent l'affaire, ils finissent par reconnaître, puis revendiquer, leur dissidence. Le 28 décembre, jour des saints Innocents, on conduit les chanoines, sur décision royale, dans une cabane de bois et l'on y met le feu. Dans ce premier quart du XIe siècle, le royaume de France vit pourtant dans une paix religieuse « acceptable », les foyers d'hérésie sont plutôt rares. Alors, que s'est-il passé ? Pourquoi Robert le Pieux a-t-il éprouvé le besoin de supplicier quatorze moines largement connus pour leur savoir ? Est-ce en raison de l'originalité de leur doctrine ? Les clercs tiennent, en effet, le baptême pour inefficace et les œuvres pour seules responsables du salut. De là, pour eux, l'importance de l'ascèse, de la vie intérieure et de la chasteté, le refus du sacrement du mariage, l'aspiration au martyre ainsi que de sérieux doutes sur l'utilité de l'Église en général et des évêques en particulier. L'affaire devient célèbre et laisse perplexes les contemporains mais aussi et les historiens qui suivront. Une affaire qui sera suivie de beaucoup d'autres. Penseurs, mystiques, contestataires, écrivains, imprimeurs, promoteurs de modernité : leur "choix" de croire différemment va les a conduire à une confrontation souvent fatale avec l'Église et le pouvoir séculier qui entendent lutter contre la remise en cause de la doctrine et le désordre social. Quels ont été les mécanismes mis en place pour justifier les pires des cruautés ? Comment une institution aussi solide que l'Eglise catholique en est-elle venue à de telles extrémités ? Revenons, aujourd'hui, sur une histoire de l'hérésie. Avec les Lumières de Jean-Yves Boriaud, professeur émérite à l'Université de Nantes. « Hérétiques ! » ; Perrin. Sujets traités : hérétiques, bûcher, Eglise, Robert le Pieux, Francs, Arefat, Constance, la dissidence i Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Edición #1285 del paraíso del house de la FM mezclado y presentado por Diego Castillo aka 4DELUXE con novedades de Andrea Benham, Bhaskar & Bruno Be, Delerium bajo el remix de Sonny Noto, DJ SKT, Don Diablo, Joe Smooth, Kendrick Lamar bajo el remix de JustGio, Milk Bar & Stefan Makepeace, Nathan C, Needs No Sleep, Philip George x Mood II Swing, Raffi Habel, Revival House Project & Kathy Brown bajo el remix de Soul Avengerz, Sidekick bajo el remix de Stone Van Brooken & Alex Nocera y XIE.

¿Sientes que tu memoria ya no es la misma? ¿Te cuesta recordar nombres, conversaciones o dónde dejaste el móvil?En este video descubrirás las 5 claves respaldadas por la ciencia para mejorar tu memoria desde hoy mismo… ¡y mantenerla afilada con el paso de los años!

In this episode, we sit down with Yun Xie, writer and director of the gripping dystopian drama Under the Burning Sun, fresh off its screening at the 2025 Florida Film Festival. Set in a sun-scorched future where abortion is outlawed, the film follows Mowanza, a survivor of sexual violence, as she embarks on a desperate road journey in search of bodily autonomy. With echoes of Mad Max and rooted in Xie's own reflections on her upbringing in China, Under the Burning Sun explores the cost of choice, survival, and freedom. We talk to Yun about the personal inspirations behind the film, the urgency of telling stories about reproductive rights in today's world, and more.Under the Burning Sun won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at Slamdance 2025, and is screening April 18 at 4:45 PM @ Regal Winter Park Village (Theater B).Learn more at https://floridafilmfestival.com/films/

Episode 246 features SoCal based DJ/Producer XIE - We have been trying to line up a date for an interview for a minute and I'm so glad we found some time to connect XIE is truly a unique talent not just because of her history as a classically trained musician but also her approach and perspective on what her intentions are on her journey as an artist. It's all about the music to XIE and I couldn't agree more - we got deep on topics like purpose, finding your sonic identity, support DJ sets vs headlining, and so much more. XIE you are a real one and I had so much fun talking with you and I'm sure everyone else will enjoy this episode as well!

01 Denis Brooks & Hard Rock Sofa - The Way You Get (Extended Mix) [Side ONE] 02 Fedde Le Grand - Rude Boy (Extended Mix) [Reliant] 03 Gasparian feat. Tasita D'Mour - Keep On Rising (Alex Mills Extended Remix) [Armada] 04 Oden & Fatzo x THEOS ft. Noa Milee - Only You (Extended Mix) [Defected] 05 ALTA & Leo Wood - Hold On Me (Extended Mix) [WUGD] 06 Low Steppa - Turbo Groover (Extended Mix) [Low Trax] 07 Shermanology & Champion - Badder (Extended) [D'EAUPE] 08 Tim Hox, Wouter S - How I Feel (Extended Mix) [Altra Moda] 09 XIE feat. ANGE - Siente El Ritmo (Extended Mix) [Lady of the House] 10 Nobody Knows & Samski ft. Ceezy UR - Freaking Banging (Extended Mix) [Municipal] 11 AYYBO - Demon Time (Extended Mix) [GDB] 12 Bob Sinclar & Michael Ekow - Take It Easy On Me (The Cube Guys Remix) [Yellow Recs] 13 Climbers, Andre Salmon - The Good Old Days (Original Mix) [Brobot] 14 Yanik Coen pres. GUSTAV - THINK (Extended Mix) [Not Everyone Understands] 15 Justin Bayce - If I Don't Have You (Original Mix) [Subhouse]

Connaissez-vous les Vikings? Venus du Nord de l'Europe, et notamment du Danemark, ces terribles guerriers ont régné sur les mers entre le VIIIe et le XIe siècle. Pour se donner du courage, les Vikings se rappelaient leurs récits mythologiques. Rédigé au XIIe siècle, le livre la Gesta Danorum rassemble ces mythes, et les hauts faits des héros danois. Laissez-moi vous raconter l'histoire d'Alvilda, la princesse guerrière, ancêtre des Vikings.  Conte-moi l'aventure est un podcast Chérie FM Ecriture : Marion Lemoine Interprétation : Léa des Garets Réalisation : Cédric le Doré Rédaction en chef : Anais Koopman Production : Anne-Cécile Kirry Assistante de production : Marie Carette

In an alternate universe, a woman struggles crossing the barren, desolate land and her unwanted pregnancy. When she hears about a potential haven with a lenient abortion policy, she begins a journey to the lush land of Iropus.  First time director Yun Xie writes and directs this film, starring Stephanie Pardi.....how is the feature film debut of Xie?  Check out my review of Under the Burning Sun! The Reel Pineapple is your one-stop shop for the latest movie reviews, trailer breakdowns, and more! Subscribe to the show on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/@thereelpineapple Follow me on BlueSky at reelpineapple.bsky.social Follow me on TikTok & Instagram @jhunterreelpineapple Follow me on Letterboxd at BlackShazam Follow me on Twitch at www.twitch.tv/thereelpineapple Subscribe & five Star rate The Reel Pineapple to us wherever you listen to podcasts! Rate, Like, Share, & Subscribe! Follow me on all of our socials! linktr.ee/jhunterreelpineapple

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Ferdinand von Meyenn from ETH Zürich about his work on the interplay of nutrition, metabolic pathways, and epigenetic regulation. To start Dr. Meyenn recounts his pivotal research on DNA methylation in naive embryonic stem cells during his time with Wolf Reick. He explains the dynamics of global demethylation in naive stem cells, revealing the key enzymes involved and the unexpected findings surrounding UHF1—its role in maintaining DNA methylation levels and influencing the methylation landscape during early embryonic development. Dr. Meyenn then shares his perspective on the scientific transition to establishing his own lab at ETH. He reflects on his ambitions to merge the fields of metabolism and epigenetics, which is a recurring theme throughout his research. By investigating the interplay between metabolic changes and epigenetic regulation, he aims to uncover how environmental factors affect cellular dynamics across various tissues. This leads to a discussion of his recent findings on histone lactylation and its implications in cellular metabolism, as well as the intricacies of epigenetic imprinting in stem cell biology. Last but not least we touch upon Dr. Meyenn's most recent study, published in Nature, investigating the epigenetic effects of obesity. He provides a detailed overview of how adipose tissue undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic rearrangements during weight fluctuations. The conversation highlights the notion of epigenetic memory in adipocytes, showing how obesity is not just a temporary state but leaves lasting cellular changes that can predispose individuals to future weight regain after dieting. This exploration opens avenues for potential therapeutic interventions aimed at reversing adverse epigenetic modifications.   References von Meyenn, F., Iurlaro, M., Habibi, E., Liu, N. Q., Salehzadeh-Yazdi, A., Santos, F., Petrini, E., Milagre, I., Yu, M., Xie, Z., Kroeze, L. I., Nesterova, T. B., Jansen, J. H., Xie, H., He, C., Reik, W., & Stunnenberg, H. G. (2016). Impairment of DNA Methylation Maintenance Is the Main Cause of Global Demethylation in Naive Embryonic Stem Cells. Molecular cell, 62(6), 848–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.025 Galle, E., Wong, C. W., Ghosh, A., Desgeorges, T., Melrose, K., Hinte, L. C., Castellano-Castillo, D., Engl, M., de Sousa, J. A., Ruiz-Ojeda, F. J., De Bock, K., Ruiz, J. R., & von Meyenn, F. (2022). H3K18 lactylation marks tissue-specific active enhancers. Genome biology, 23(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02775-y Agostinho de Sousa, J., Wong, C. W., Dunkel, I., Owens, T., Voigt, P., Hodgson, A., Baker, D., Schulz, E. G., Reik, W., Smith, A., Rostovskaya, M., & von Meyenn, F. (2023). Epigenetic dynamics during capacitation of naïve human pluripotent stem cells. Science advances, 9(39), eadg1936. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg1936 Bonder, M. J., Clark, S. J., Krueger, F., Luo, S., Agostinho de Sousa, J., Hashtroud, A. M., Stubbs, T. M., Stark, A. K., Rulands, S., Stegle, O., Reik, W., & von Meyenn, F. (2024). scEpiAge: an age predictor highlighting single-cell ageing heterogeneity in mouse blood. Nature communications, 15(1), 7567. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51833-5 Hinte, L. C., Castellano-Castillo, D., Ghosh, A., Melrose, K., Gasser, E., Noé, F., Massier, L., Dong, H., Sun, W., Hoffmann, A., Wolfrum, C., Rydén, M., Mejhert, N., Blüher, M., & von Meyenn, F. (2024). Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss. Nature, 636(8042), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08165-7   Related Episodes Nutriepigenetics: The Effects of Diet on Behavior (Monica Dus) Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Early Development (Jan Żylicz) Effects of Environmental Cues on the Epigenome and Longevity (Paul Shiels)   Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: podcast@activemotif.com

durée : 01:00:01 - Les Grandes Traversées - Hildegarde de Bingen naît à la fin du XIe siècle dans la vallée du Rhin. Placée dans un monastère bénédictin dès son plus jeune âge, elle est visionnaire et dotée de dons multiples, habitée par la beauté du monde et la bienveillance.

After a gruelling nine-day tournament, New Zealand has crowned two new national chess champions. Grandmaster Gabor Nagy from Hungary and 16-year-old FIDE Master Felix Xie both finished first on seven out of nine - with zero losses. Xie spoke to Paddy Gower.

In this episode of the Award-winning PRS Journal Club Podcast, 2025 Resident Ambassadors to the PRS Editorial Board – Christopher Kalmar, Ilana Margulies, and Amanda Sergesketter- and special guest, Ira Savetsky, MD, discuss the following articles from the January 2025 issue: “Subfascial Mini–Muscle Release Dual-Plane Technique: A Modified Procedure for Breast Augmentation” by Xia, Xie, Zhang, et al. Read the article for FREE: https://bit.ly/MiniSubfascial Special guest, Ira Savetsky, MD, is a board-certified plastic surgeon practicing aesthetic surgery of the face, nose, breasts, and body in New York City. Dr. Savetsky trained at New York University for plastic surgery residency, followed by a fellowship in aesthetic surgery at the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute. He was a prior PRS resident ambassador in 2018, currently serves on the editorial board of PRS Journal, and is widely published in aesthetic surgery. READ the articles discussed in this podcast as well as free related content: https://bit.ly/JCJan25Collection

With Christmas and year-end sales approaching in many Western countries, Chinese manufacturers are ramping up shipments to these markets via both air cargo and maritime container services, while experiencing a surge in sales on cross-border e-commerce platforms.随着许多西方国家圣诞节和年终促销季的临近，中国制造商正通过航空货运和海运集装箱服务，加大对这些市场的发货力度。同时，跨境电商平台的销售额也迎来激增。December and January are peak shopping seasons in Europe and the United States, and China's cross-border e-commerce exports to these markets—especially Christmas-themed products and small electronic products—have shown strong growth in recent weeks.12月和1月是欧美地区的购物高峰期。最近几周，中国对这些市场的跨境电商出口，尤其是圣诞主题产品和小型电子产品的出口，呈现出强劲增长态势。Christmas-themed products encompass a wide range of festive items that are popular during the holiday season. These include Christmas decorations like artificial trees, ornaments and lights, as well as figurines of Santa, reindeer and snowmen. They also cover gifts, Christmas cards, specialty food items and holiday-themed apparel such as sweaters and Santa hats.圣诞主题产品包括一系列节日期间广受欢迎的节庆用品，包括人造圣诞树、装饰品、灯具等圣诞装饰，以及圣诞老人、驯鹿和雪人等雕像。此外，还有礼物、圣诞贺卡、特色食品和节日主题服饰，如毛衣和圣诞帽等。To meet the soaring demand from Chinese exporters shipping Christmas-themed goods and other high-value items ordered through cross-border e-commerce platforms to global markets, Nanjing Lukou International Airport, located in Nanjing, capital of East China's Jiangsu province, boosted its freighter routes by adding 48 extra flights between November and December.为满足中国出口商通过跨境电商平台向全球市场运输圣诞主题商品和其他高价值商品的激增需求，南京禄口国际机场（位于中国东部江苏省省会南京）在11月至12月间增加了48个航班，以扩大其货运航线。Customs authorities at the airport supervised foreign trade cargo volume of 67,200 metric tons during the January-November period, a year-on-year increase of 29.3 percent. Among this, exports of cross-border e-commerce goods amounted to 18,000 tons, jumping 51.8 percent on a yearly basis, statistics from Nanjing Customs show.据南京海关统计，今年1月至11月，京禄口机场海关监管进出口货运量6.72万吨，同比增长29.3%。其中，出口跨境电商商品1.8万吨，同比增长51.80%。Jiangsu Changxin Weaving Co Ltd, a Changzhou, Jiangsu province-based textile manufacturer, has been shipping about 10 containers abroad daily via containerships over the past two weeks.江苏常信纺织有限公司（位于江苏省常州市）在过去两周里每天通过集装箱船向国外运送约10个集装箱的货物。In addition to exporting Christmas-themed products, such as pillows, socks, blankets and carpets, the Chinese company has introduced Christmas tree sets with innovative designs this year to enhance the competitiveness of its products in overseas markets.除了出口圣诞主题的枕头、袜子、毯子和地毯等产品外，这家中国公司今年还推出了充满创意设计的圣诞树套装，以提升其产品在海外市场的竞争力。"In the past, our exported Christmas products were relatively simple and had low added value. However, this year, we established a dedicated design team for Christmas items. From traditional Santa Claus and reindeer designs to modern cartoon styles, we now offer a diverse range of products that are popular in many countries," said Chen Lin, head of the export unit at the company.“过去，我们出口的圣诞产品相对简单且附加值低。但今年，我们为圣诞商品成立了一个专门的设计团队。从传统的圣诞老人和驯鹿设计到现代的卡通风格，我们现在提供多种产品，并在多个国家广受欢迎，”该公司出口部门负责人陈林表示。Liaoning Creative Arts and Crafts Co Ltd, a handicrafts manufacturer in Shenyang, capital of Northeast China's Liaoning province, secured over 4 million yuan ($549,018) worth of export orders to the US this year, mainly for various handicrafts made from bamboo, wood and grass weaving.手工艺品制造商辽宁创意工艺品有限公司（位于中国东北部辽宁省省会沈阳）今年获得了超过400万元人民币（549,018美元）的美国出口订单，主要涉及竹、木和草编的各种手工艺品。Demand for Christmas and other holiday decorations has been strong in the second half of this year, said Xie Pengfei, the company's general manager.公司总经理谢鹏飞表示，今年下半年，圣诞和其他节日装饰的需求一直很强劲。Shenyang Customs has supervised the export of Christmas-themed products, primarily made of bamboo, wood, rattan and grass weaving within its Customs territory in the first 11 months of this year, amounting to 350 million yuan, with exports covering 50 countries, including the US, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Australia.据沈阳海关统计，今年前11个月，该海关监管出口的圣诞主题产品主要以竹、木、藤和草编材料制成，货值达3.5亿元人民币，出口至包括美国、墨西哥、英国和澳大利亚在内的50个国家。"Instead of sea and air transportation, some Christmas goods bound for Europe can be exported via China-Europe freight train services," Xie said.“除了海运和空运，一些运往欧洲的圣诞商品还可以通过中欧班列服务出口，”谢鹏飞表示。containern.集装箱;货箱

In this episode of the Award-winning PRS Journal Club Podcast, 2025 Resident Ambassadors to the PRS Editorial Board – Christopher Kalmar, Ilana Margulies, and Amanda Sergesketter- and special guest, Ira Savetsky, MD, discuss the following articles from the January 2025 issue:   “An Algorithm for Control of Excessive Perioperative Bleeding and Ecchymosis in Rhinoplasty Patients Based on 4 Decades of Experience” by Guyuron, Cakmakoglu, and Avasarala.   “Subfascial Mini–Muscle Release Dual-Plane Technique: A Modified Procedure for Breast Augmentation” by Xia, Xie, Zhang, et al.   “The Shifting Face of Aesthetic Care: A Systematic Survey of Independent Medical Spa Directorship and Practitioner Trends in Florida” Soares, Bowhay, Fakhre, et al.   Special guest, Ira Savetsky, MD, is a board-certified plastic surgeon practicing aesthetic surgery of the face, nose, breasts, and body in New York City. Dr. Savetsky trained at New York University for plastic surgery residency, followed by a fellowship in aesthetic surgery at the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute. He was a prior PRS resident ambassador in 2018, currently serves on the editorial board of PRS Journal, and is widely published in aesthetic surgery.   READ the articles discussed in this podcast as well as free related content: https://bit.ly/JCJan25Collection

Reflecting on the importance of gratitude in caring and human-centric leadership, especially in technological change and advancement. We discussed how fostering gratitude can strengthen team bonds, promote well-being, and maintain a human-centric approach even as teams integrate digital tools and teammates.    In this Episode: Dr. Emi Barresi, Tom Bradshaw, special guest Dr. Lisa Spence, Britni Eisenmann, Lee Crowson, Natasha Desjardins, Alexander Abney-King, Imani Nakyanzi    Visit us: https://www.seboc.com/ Follow us on LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/sebocLI Join an open-mic event: https://www.seboc.com/events   References:   Akgün, A. E., Erdil, O., Keskin, H., & Muceldilli, B. (2016). The relationship among gratitude, hope, connections, and innovativeness. The Service Industries Journal, 36(3–4), 102–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2016.1155113   Baykal, E., Zehi̇r, C., Köle, M., & Bozkurt, V. (2018). Effects of Servant Leadership on gratitude, empowerment, innovativeness and performance: Turkey Example. Journal of Economy, Culture and Society, 57, 29–52. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS390903   Bhargava, S., Sharma, R., & Kulshreshtha, M. (2024). Promoting subjective well-being of IT professionals through gratitude practice: a moderated mediation analysis of gender and employee engagement. Management Research News, 47(4), 559–580. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2022-0363   Garg, N., & Kumari, S. (2023). Dear technology, you are not welcome: exploring ungratefulness towards technology. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2021-0113   Gray, B. R., & Gunderman, R. B. (2024). Gratitude, humility, and the impulse to make a mark. Academic Radiology, 31(4), 1714–1715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.002   Li, C., Dong, Y., Wu, C., Brown, M. E., & Sun, L. (2022). Appreciation that inspires: The impact of leader trait gratitude on team innovation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(4), 693–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2577   Makri, S., & Turner, S. (2020). “I can't express my thanks enough”: The “gratitude cycle” in online communities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 71(5), 503–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24257   Sisson, N. M., Impett, E. A., & Shu, L. H. (2022). Can induced gratitude improve creative Performance on repurposing tasks? Journal of Mechanical Design, 144(5). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052586   Stanisław Krajewski. (2018). Can a robot be grateful? Beyond logic, towards religion. Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture, 2(4), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.26319/6912   Suzuki, S. (2023). We need a culturally aware approach to AI. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(11), 1816–1817. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01738-y   Williams, G. H. (2023). Gratitude at Work. Journal of Library Administration, 63(2), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2022.2159244   Yamamoto, J., Fukui, T., Nishii, K., Kato, I., & Pham, Q. T. (2022). Digitalizing gratitude and building trust through technology in a post-COVID-19 world: Report of a case from Japan. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010022   Xia, J., Xu, H., & Xie, L. (2024). Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in proactive behavior at the workplace: the mediating role of gratitude. Baltic Journal of Management, 19(2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-05-2023-0194

China's carrier rocket fleet has expanded further, as the newest type in the Long March family, the Long March 12, made its debut flight on Saturday night from Wenchang, Hainan province.11月30日晚，长征系列中最新型的长征十二号运载火箭在海南省文昌市点火起飞，中国的运载火箭队伍进一步壮大。The flight also marked the first mission of the Hainan International Commercial Aerospace Launch Center, the nation's first spaceport dedicated to facilitating commercial operations.这次发射是海南商业航天发射场的首次任务，它是全国首个专门用于促进商业运营的航天发射场。As a large crowd of spectators gathered at the coastal launch complex, four liquid oxygen-kerosene engines on the rocket's first stage roared with dazzling flames at 10:25 pm, and the rocket rose into the night sky from the No 2 launchpad at the new space complex.晚上10时25分，当大批观众聚集在沿海发射场时，一级火箭上的四个液氧煤油发动机在耀眼的火焰中轰鸣，火箭从新航天发射场的2号发射台升入夜空。After a short while, two experimental satellites separated from the rocket and entered their preset orbit, marking the success of the launch mission.过了一会儿，两颗试验卫星与火箭分离，进入预设轨道，标志着发射任务取得成功。Designed by the Shanghai Aerospace System Engineering Institute, the Long March 12 is the 22nd member of the Long March family, the backbone of China's space sector, and the 17th in the operating fleet.长征十二号运载火箭由上海航天技术研究院研制，是中国航天领域的中坚力量——长征系列的第22位成员，也是正在营运中的第17位成员。The institute is part of the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, which belongs to the State-owned industry conglomerate China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp.上海航天技术研究院隶属于国有企业集团中国航天科技集团公司。The Long March 12 is the first Chinese rocket with a diameter of 3.8 meters. Most Chinese rockets have a diameter of 3.35 meters, a standard width set in the 1960s due to rail transportation factors.长征十二号运载火箭是中国第一枚直径为3.8米的火箭。大多数中国运载火箭的直径为3.35米，这是20世纪60年代由于铁路运输因素而设定的标准宽度。At 62.6 meters tall, the two-stage model is the second-tallest among all Chinese rockets, exceeded only by the 62.8-meter Long March 5.火箭全长62.6米，在中国所有火箭中排名第二，仅次于62.8米的长征五号。The vehicle is propelled by engines fueled by liquid oxygen and kerosene and has a liftoff weight of more than 430 metric tons. It is capable of transporting spacecraft with a combined weight of more than 12 tons to a low-Earth orbit, or 6 tons of satellites to a typical sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 700 kilometers, according to the Shanghai academy.运载火箭由液氧和煤油燃料发动机推进，起飞质量约430吨。上海航天技术研究院称，它的近地轨道运载能力不少于12吨，700公里太阳同步轨道运载能力不少于6吨。The new model will effectively improve China's capability to send spacecraft to a sun-synchronous orbit and deploy satellite networks in low orbits, it noted, adding that research and development started in May 2020 and finished in June this year.新型号将有效提高中国航天器太阳同步轨道入轨能力和低轨多星座组网能力。Xie Li, a senior designer of the new model, said the rocket features new technologies and equipment.中国航天科技集团谢立表示，该运载火箭采用了新技术和新设备。"It is the first Chinese rocket equipped with an automatic ignition-malfunction detection system.... After the engines are ignited, the system will detect whether the engines are functioning well, and if the result is good, the system will unleash the hold-down clamps, allowing the engines to reach full power to lift off.“这是中国首枚配备牵制释放技术系统的火箭……火箭点火之后，系统会对火箭进行故障诊断。诊断到火箭是正常以后，牵制释放机构就会打开，让火箭飞出去。”"When the rocket begins to fly, the system will continue performing real-time checks on the vehicle's condition, and if any anomaly occurs, the system will take necessary measures such as to replan the trajectory to make sure the satellites can be deployed into their preset orbit," he said.他说：“当火箭开始飞行时，系统将继续对其状况进行实时检查，如果出现任何异常，系统将采取必要措施，如重新规划轨道，以确保卫星能够部署到预设轨道。”Another advantage is that the new type needs a short time for prelaunch preparations at the service tower, which means that the launch facility can serve more space missions in a given time, thus enhancing the spaceport's operational efficiency, according to the designer.另一个优点是，新型火箭在发射塔进行发射前准备的时间很短，这意味着发射设施可以在给定的时间内为更多的航天任务提供服务，从而提高航天发射场的运行效率。In addition, the fuel tank of the rocket's second stage is made of a cutting-edge aluminum alloy that boasts lighter weight and better strength.此外，火箭第二级的燃料箱由最先进的铝合金制成，重量更轻，强度更高。"Compared with other types of aluminum alloy used on previous Long March-series rockets, the new material is up to 15 percent lighter in structural weight and 28 percent higher in tensile strength," Xie said.“与以往长征系列火箭使用的其他类型铝合金相比，新材料的结构重量减轻了 15%，抗拉强度提高了28%。”谢立说。Regarding the 3.8-meter diameter, he said that a wider body enables the rocket to have four engines on its first stage, while the 3.35-meter-wide models have two. Moreover, being wider means the rocket can contain more propellants. All of these give the new model a greater carrying capacity, he added.关于直径3.8米的火箭，他说，较宽的火箭体可以使火箭的第一级有四个发动机，而3.35米宽的型号只有两个。此外，更宽意味着火箭可以装载更多的推进剂。谢立补充，所有这些都赋予了新型火箭更强大的运载能力。The Long March 12 mission marked China's 59th space launch this year and the 548th flight of the Long March family.长征十二号运载火箭发射任务是中国今年的第59次航天发射，也是长征系列运载火箭的第548次发射。spaceportn. 航天发射场propellantn. 推进剂tensileadj. 可伸展的；拉力的

Welcome back to season 3 of Farm To Stable. It's the time of year here in North America when many equestrians are getting ready to head south to warmer climates for the winter. Dramatic change in environmental temperature from cold to hot can trigger or exasperate anhidrosis, a condition in which sweating is drastically reduced despite an increase in body temperature. So, how is anhidrosis managed? We'll talk about it in this episode. Research References:Johnson, E., et al. 2010. An epidemiologic study of anhidrosis in horses in Florida. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 236(10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.10.1091Marlin, et al. 1996. Acclimation of horses to high temperature and humidity. Equine Athlete. 9: 8-11.Marlin, et al. 1996. Physiological responses in non-heat acclimated horses performing treadmill exercise in cool, hot, dry and hot humid condition. Equine Veterinary Journal (Suppl.) 22: 70-84.Marlin, D. & Nankervis, K. 2002. Thermoregulation. In: Equine Exercise Physiology. Blackwell Science. Publishing. Oxford, UK. Shmalberg, J and Xie, H. 2009. The clinical application of equine acupuncture. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 29(8): 645-652.Cover photo: istockphoto.com

Dr. Arielle Walton, a Nashville-based veterinarian originally from Atlanta, GA, is a 2012 graduate of Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine. During her studies, she developed a passion for traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM), particularly acupuncture, and became a certified veterinary acupuncturist under the guidance of Dr. Xie from the Chi Institute. In 2019, she opened House Paws Acupuncture, a mobile veterinary practice in Nashville. Dr. Arielle is passionate about integrative medicine, combining TCVM and conventional approaches to improve patient outcomes. Outside of work, she enjoys traveling with her husband, caring for their three dogs, and exploring hobbies such as beekeeping and plant medicine for her family.  Topics covered in this episode:  Dr. Arielle's journey into veterinary acupuncture Integrative medicine and home visits Creating a healing environment for your patients, clients, and yourself Music and healing frequencies Beekeeping and plant medicine Herbal remedies and essential oils Links & Resources:  Visit House Paws Acupuncture of Nashville to learn more about Dr. Arielle Find Dr. Arielle on Instagram Here are some playlists & songs From Dr. Eve:  Humming, Chanting, & Singing Along (for Vagus Nerve toning)  Solfeggio Healing Frequencies MT  963 Hz-Return to Oneness 963 Hz Returning to Oneness Eve's Solfeggio grounding playlist The House Call Vet Academy Resources:  Download Dr. Eve's FREE House Call & Mobile Vet Biz Plan!  Find out about The House Call Vet Academy online CE course   Learn more about Dr. Eve Harrison   Learn more about 1-to-1 coaching for current & prospective house call & mobile vets.  Get House Call Vet swag!  Register TODAY for the House Call & Mobile Vet Virtual Conference, February 1st-2nd, 2025!!!!!! Music:  In loving memory of Dr. Steve Weinberg.  Intro and outro guitar music was written, performed, and recorded by house call veterinarian Dr. Steve Weinberg.  Thank you to our sponsors!  Chronos  O3 Vets  This podcast is also available in video on our House Call Vet Cafe YouTube channel 

Vous écoutez le podcast "Les interviews Histoire", notre émission hebdomadaire gratuite pour tous. Abonnez-vous à "Timeline 5.000 ans d'Histoire" et accédez à environ 350 podcasts d'1 heure pour seulement 2€ par mois sans Pub ! Avec une nouvelle émission chaque semaine : https://m.audiomeans.fr/s/S-tavkjvmo Qui étaient les femmes et les hommes des temps vikings ? Pour un Rollon, « fondateur » de la Normandie, ou un Éric le Rouge, grand explorateur de l'Atlantique Nord, restés célèbres, combien de personnages méconnus ?Textes médiévaux, découvertes archéologiques et pierres runiques permettent de retracer certains pans de l'histoire de Godfred, roi des Danois qui résista à Charlemagne, ou encore des pieuses Frideburg et Catla, riches marchandes du port de Birka. Illustres inconnus et obscurs héros, femmes et hommes, libres et esclaves se côtoient dans cet ouvrage original, où résonnent les voix de celles et ceux qui contribuèrent à faire toute la richesse et la complexité des sociétés scandinaves du IXe au XIe siècle.À travers quatorze destinées, Lucie Malbos nous invite à découvrir un monde tapi dans l'ombre des guerriers vikings.Lucie Malbos est notre invitée par téléphone. Elle est maître de conférences en histoire médiévale à l'université de Poitiers et membre du CESCM. Spécialiste des sociétés scandinaves au premier Moyen Âge, elle a déjà publié plusieurs articles, chapitres et ouvrages, dont Les Ports des mers nordiques...

Faites un don et recevez un cadeau : http://don.storiavoce.com/ Loin de l'image véhiculée par les récits de Marco Polo dans le Livre des merveilles ou encore de nos jour par un jeu vidéo au titre évocateur, Les Assassins d'Alamût met en lumière les fondements politiques, culturels et religieux qui ont contribué au développement de la secte chiite des ismaéliens nizarites, appartenant en leur temps à l'islam minoritaire. Au Moyen Âge, en Occident, nombreuses furent les fondations d'ordres religieux. Nous en connaissons bien les règles et la discipline. Pourtant, lorsqu'en Orient, au XIe siècle, un jeune Iranien du nom d'Hassan Sabbah fonde l'ordre des Assassins, ses membres sont très rapidement perçus comme des fanatiques et des meurtriers, et ce au-delà de leur territoire, au-delà même de leur temps, jusqu'à nos jours.  Les Assassins, terme qui qualifie en réalité les ismaéliens nizarites, apparaissent à la suite d'une crise de succession qui survient à la mort du calife fatimide al-Mustansir, en 1094. Son fils aîné, Nizar, est écarté du pouvoir, mais en Iran le missionnaire Hassan ibn al-Sabbah lui apporte son soutien. Il organise dès lors un mouvement autour de grands maîtres ayant pris pour base la forteresse d'Alamût, dans le nord de l'Iran actuel.  Parfois qualifiée de secte, cet ordre religieux se maintient en Orient malgré la puissance de ses opposants venus de l'Empire seldjoukide. Mais les incursions des Mongols et de leur chef Gengis Khan finissent par faire chuter l'ordre des Assassins. L'auteur : Yves Bomati, historien, spécialiste de l'Iran et auteur de L' Âge d'or de la Perse. L'épopée des Saffavides 1501-1722, rétablit  une vision historique de l'ordre des ismaéliens nizarites à  travers son ouvrage, Les Assassins d'Alamut (Armand Colin, Paris, 2024, 288 p. 23,90 €). *** Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/HistoireEtCivilisationsMag Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/histoireetcivilisations/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/Storiavoce

Today Dr. John Langlois and Dr. Allison Marshall interview the amazing Dr. Shen Xie, the founder of Chi University. Dr. Xie (pronounced Shay). We discuss with Dr. Xie how he started Chi University, what type of research is being done at Chi to further our understanding of acupuncture. We also talk about different cases that Dr. Xie has treated and areas of equine medicine that respond very well to acupuncture.Your Hosts: Dr. Allison Marshall and John LangloisSponsored by: Chi UniversityGuest: Dr. Huisheng XieCHI University Find A VetFollow Horse Radio Network on Twitter or follow Horses In The Morning on FacebookAdditional support for this podcast provided by Listeners Like You

Today Dr. John Langlois and Dr. Allison Marshall interview the amazing Dr. Shen Xie, the founder of Chi University. Dr. Xie (pronounced Shay). We discuss with Dr. Xie how he started Chi University, what type of research is being done at Chi to further our understanding of acupuncture. We also talk about different cases that Dr. Xie has treated and areas of equine medicine that respond very well to acupuncture.Your Hosts: Dr. Allison Marshall and John LangloisSponsored by: Chi UniversityGuest: Dr. Huisheng XieCHI University Find A VetFollow Horse Radio Network on Twitter or follow Horses In The Morning on FacebookAdditional support for this podcast provided by Listeners Like You

In this episode of the Screenagers podcast, Dr. Delaney explores the alarming rise of sleep deprivation among teens starting in 2012, coinciding with the rise of screen time. Featuring clips from Screenagers: Elementary School Age Edition and insights from experts Lauren Hale, PhD, and Judith Owens, MD, the episode delves into new brain science around kids and sleep deprivation and health risks linked to melatonin.  Listeners are provided practical advice on how to promote healthy sleep habits, including preventing dependency to digital devices and melatonin.  Time Codes: 00:00 Introduction to Screenagers Podcast 00:29 The Sleep Deprivation Epidemic 02:08 Scientific Insights on Sleep and Brain Health 03:47 Impact of Devices on Sleep 06:23 The Melatonin Debate 08:33 Melatonin Usage and Risks 12:49 Melatonin and Puberty 14:00 Concerns About Long-Term Melatonin Use in Children 14:43 Marketing Melatonin as a Natural Sleep Aid 15:36 The Dangers of Conditioning Kids to Need Sleep Aids 18:03 Parental Strategies for Managing Device Use 19:28 Real-Life Examples of Device Management 21:19 Encouraging Better Sleep Habits in Teens 23:14 Final Thoughts on Melatonin and Sleep Dependency 25:11 Conclusion and Podcast Information Resources: Lauren Hale, Ph.D.  Bio: https://publichealth.stonybrookmedicine.edu/faculty/LaurenHale Study #1 “Researchers followed nine and ten year olds, and at baseline, they collected data from the kids, from the parents, and analyzed brain skins. Then they followed up with them two years later. The kids, who were insufficient sleepers Compared to the kids who were sufficient sleepers, had changes in their brain development, especially in areas like the basal ganglia and the temporal lobe. And this corresponded with worse mental health outcomes, worse behavioral outcomes, and measurements of intelligence were lower. This is concerning that insufficient sleep among kids may have lasting consequences. Um, brain development, and possibly into adulthood.” Yang, F. N., Xie, W., & Wang, Z. Effects of sleep duration on neurocognitive development in early adolescents in the USA: a propensity score matched, longitudinal, observational study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 6(10), 2022.   Study #2 “My team and I analyzed numerous studies in which we included youth age 6 to 17. And we showed that just having a mobile device, which includes a phone, a tablet, In the bedroom, even if they didn't use it, was associated with almost a two fold risk of insufficient sleep duration.” Carter, B., et al. Association Between Portable Screen-Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(12), 1202–1208, 2016. Judy Owen, M.D.  Bio: https://www.childrenshospital.org/directory/judith-owens Study #1 "Recent study... over 500 percent increase in accidental ingestions of melatonin... poison control center reports of a child accidentally taking melatonin." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Pediatric Melatonin Ingestions — United States, 2012–2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(22), 725–729.   Study #2 "...study that was published out of Canada a few years ago that looked at a wide range of preparations of melatonin that were labeled as being five milligrams. And they... analyzed, with a specific chemical test, how much melatonin these preparations actually contained. It ranged from zero milligrams to 20 milligrams. And in addition to that, about a quarter of the samples they tested had serotonin... Serotonin is what we call a precursor of melatonin. So serotonin is metabolized into melatonin." Erland, L. A. E., & Saxena, P. K. (2017). Melatonin Natural Health Products and Supplements: Presence of Serotonin and Significant Variability of Melatonin Content. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(02), 275–281.   Study #3 "We know that melatonin... has an effect on reproductive hormones... There may be some impact on pubertal development of melatonin. Melatonin in humans could potentially have two different effects. It could delay the onset or the beginning of puberty development because it has these suppressing effects on reproductive hormones, or alternatively, if you stop melatonin use in a prepubertal child... you could actually trigger them into early puberty... We have data in animal models that suggests that melatonin has these effects. We don't have that evidence yet in humans... One study looked very short term on the effects of melatonin in children with autism and measured their reproductive hormones as well as some other chemicals in the body and brain and did not find any effect in the short term, but again, the long term meaning of melatonin... years worth of use of melatonin." Boafo, A., Greenham, S., Alenezi, S., Robillard, R., Pajer, K., Tavakoli, P., & De Koninck, J. (2019). Could long-term administration of melatonin to prepubertal children affect timing of puberty? A clinician's perspective. Nature and Science of Sleep, Volume 11, 1–10.

Les relations entre la France et le Liban s'expliquent par des liens historiques, culturels et politiques qui remontent à plusieurs siècles. 1. Les croisades et les premiers contactsLes premières interactions significatives entre la France et la région libanaise remontent à l'époque des croisades au XIe et XIIe siècles. Les croisés français ont établi des liens avec les communautés chrétiennes locales, notamment les Maronites, une église chrétienne orientale qui cherchait une protection extérieure. Cette relation de solidarité entre les Maronites et la France s'est approfondie avec le temps, la France se positionnant comme une protectrice des chrétiens d'Orient. 2. L'influence française dans l'Empire ottomanAu XVIe siècle, François Ier, roi de France, établit des accords commerciaux et diplomatiques avec l'Empire ottoman, notamment à travers les capitulations. Ces accords garantissaient la protection des chrétiens sous domination ottomane et permettaient à la France de s'implanter dans la région. Au fil des siècles, la France a renforcé sa présence culturelle et éducative au Liban, notamment à travers la fondation d'écoles et d'institutions religieuses, particulièrement dans les communautés maronites. 3. Le mandat français au Liban (1920-1943)Après la chute de l'Empire ottoman à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, la Société des Nations a confié à la France un mandat sur la Syrie et le Liban en 1920. Ce mandat a consolidé l'influence française au Liban, qui a vu la création de l'État du Grand Liban en 1920, avec des frontières modernes. La France a contribué à la structuration politique, administrative et éducative du pays, en instaurant des institutions qui allaient influencer durablement la vie libanaise. Le français est resté une langue largement utilisée dans l'administration, l'éducation et les médias, même après l'indépendance du Liban en 1943. 4. Liens culturels et linguistiquesLa langue française et la culture française sont profondément ancrées au Liban, et ce jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Le français est l'une des principales langues d'enseignement, notamment dans les écoles privées et les universités. Des festivals de cinéma, de théâtre et de littérature en langue française continuent de renforcer cette affinité culturelle. Les échanges intellectuels et culturels ont également maintenu une connexion entre les deux pays, renforcée par une diaspora libanaise en France. 5. Relations politiques modernesLa France a joué un rôle important dans les affaires politiques du Liban, souvent en tant que médiatrice. Lors des crises politiques et des conflits, notamment pendant et après la guerre civile libanaise (1975-1990), la France a souvent fourni une aide humanitaire et diplomatique. Le président français Emmanuel Macron a également pris une position active après l'explosion du port de Beyrouth en 2020, réaffirmant le rôle de la France comme partenaire clé du Liban. En somme, les liens entre la France et le Liban trouvent leurs racines dans une longue histoire partagée, marquée par des relations politiques, religieuses et culturelles qui ont perduré au fil des siècles. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Nous sommes au tournant des X et XIe siècles, en Norvège. Les rois ont imposé, à leurs sujets, la religion chrétienne, par la force bien souvent. C'est le cas pour Olaf 1er Tryggvason. C'est ce que rapporte, deux siècles plus tard, le moine Theodoricus qui justifie la vigueur du souverain à l'égard des païens qui s'obstinaient dans leurs croyances. Il écrit : « Le roi, qui fut l'infatigable vigneron du Seigneur, consacra toutes ses forces et son énergie à arracher de son royaume l'idolâtrie et le culte des démons. Utilisant la prière et la prédication, il y ajoutait parfois la menace et la peur. Il avait en effet compris que les cœurs des barbares étaient farouches et que seules une main vigoureuse pouvait les débarrasser de la crasse ancienne de la perfidie et du culte inné des démons, qu'ils avaient pour ainsi dire bu avec le lait maternel. Comme les mots ne les émouvaient guère, il y joignit fréquemment les coups, à la fois imitant son Seigneur, qui répandit l'huile et le vin sur les plaies de l'homme blessé, et suivant les mots de l'Evangile : « Force-les à entrer, afin que ma demeure soit pleine.» » A quoi ressemble le Moyen Âge scandinave ? De quelle manière la chrétienté s'est-elle imposée ? Avec quelles conséquences ? Avec nous : Lucie Malbos est maîtresse de conférences en histoire médiévale à l'université de Poitiers « De Frodi à Harald l'Impitoyable – Les peuples du nord (1er – Xie siècle) » ; Belin. Sujets traités : Moyen-âge, Scandinave, Norvège, chrétienté, Olaf 1er Tryggvason, Theodoricus, roi, religion, croyances, démons, Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement.

(Re)découvrez cette saison spéciale autour de la communauté secrète La Famille. Dans cette histoire, pas de meurtre mais un récit d'emprise familiale. Dans des immeubles du XIe, XIIe et XXe arrondissements, une étrange communauté s'épanouit depuis plus de deux cent ans. Des cousins qui se marient entre eux et qui ne se mélangent pas. Ce n'est pas vraiment une secte mais plutôt une organisation secrète, une société dans la société, comparable à aucune autre. On les surnomme “La Famille”. Tout au long des 4 épisodes, Caroline Nogueras est accompagnée de la journaliste Suzanne Privat, autrice du livre La Famille, itinéraire d'un secret paru aux éditions Points. Rendez-vous lundi sur votre appli d'écoute préférée.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Comme on sait, le drapeau de la Corse montre, sur fond blanc, la tête d'un homme noir, entourée d'un bandeau. On a coutume d'appeler "tête de Maure" cette représentation, en référence à la lutte contre les Sarrasins, qui, entre les IXe et XIe siècles, font des raids meurtriers sur l'île.Il n'en fallait pas plus pour voir dans cet emblème la tête décapitée d'un Maure, une appellation qui désignait alors les populations musulmanes vivant en Espagne, en Sicile et en Afrique du Nord.On cite ainsi la légende d'un chef maure qui aurait été tué dans un combat opposant des Sarrasins et des Corses menés par un jeune homme désireux de libérer sa fiancée, enlevée par les Maures. Ce chef maure aurait ensuite été décapité et sa tête fichée sur un piquet.Dans le contexte actuel, où l'on peut observer un certain regain de l'islamophobie, ce drapeau est donc considéré par certains comme un emblème raciste.Les historiens de la Corse font cependant justice de ces assertions. Pour certains d'entre eux, les Corses devraient leur drapeau actuel au seul souverain qui ait jamais régné sur leur île.En effet, un certain Théodore de Neuhoff, né à Cologne, et militaire et diplomate de son état, est élu Roi des Corses en 1736. Il le restera 2 ans et demi, jusqu'à la fin de l'année 1738.Et il adopte, pour emblème de sa nouvelle patrie, la tête d'un homme noir, mais dont les yeux sont bandés. Il ne s'agirait pas du chef d'un Maure décapité, mais de la tête de saint Maurice d'Agaune.C'était un officier romain, originaire d'Égypte qui, ayant refusé de participer à un sacrifice aux dieux, aurait été massacré, à la fin du IIIe siècle, avec les soldats de sa légion. Il était représenté avec un bandeau sur les yeux.Pascal Paoli, qui dirige l'éphémère République corse, avant l'annexion de l'île par la France, en 1769, adopte le drapeau, mais fait relever le bandeau du Maure, en quoi il voit un symbole négatif. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Hailed as a multi-hyphenate female artist to watch by the likes of DJ Mag, Forbes and LA Weekly, XIE is a rising star coming up from the thriving house music scene of Los Angeles. This week she shares her electrifying sound on Dirtybird Radio with a set of her favorite jams plus a few unreleased treats. VR warm-up set:Nikki Nair - "333333" [LUCKYME.]Clüb De Combat, Matt Guy - "Party Of The Year" [Diynamic]Hawke & God Within - "Acid Funk (Smalltown DJ's Remix)" [Dirtybird Records]Gettoblaster & Nathan Barato feat. Tony Duke - "The Move" [Dirtybird Records]XIE guest set:XIE - Déjà Vu (unreleased)MYLØ - Surfriendo (feat. Zafra Negra)HoneyLuv & Roland Clark - This Is My LifeCID & Westend - Let Me Take YouMarco Lys - I Don't Wanna Go BackXIE - Birds In ParadiseDiplo - Express Yourself feat. Nicky Da B) [Mochakk Remix] 14:15 Hartley - Sara SafariVNSSA - Giving YouFlight Facilities & Owl Eyes - Trouble (Chloé Caillet Remix) 20:17 Mau P - On AgainEscapade, Walker & Royce, Ardalan - BallroomDisco Lines & GUDFELLA - back2uDon toliver - Bandit (ACRAZE Remix)XIE - Wishing Well (unreleased)Franky Rizardo, Cara Melín - Make My Body MoveXIE - Take It Back (feat. Haley May) [unreleased]DJ Susan & Shift K3Y - Feel AliveWill Clarke - Weekend Love (feat. House Gospel Choir)XIE - Kick Drum Heart (unreleased)

Dr. Lorena Lloret Nadal was raised in Spain. She earned her veterinary degree from the University of Murcia in Spain in 2002.While still a student, she was fortunate to see acupuncture used successfully in small animal practice. After graduation, she was certified in acupuncture by the Association of British Veterinary Acupuncturists in 2003. Afterwards, she started a TCVM practice for horses and small animals in the UK.While visiting Thailand in 2005, she met Dr. Xie from Chi University. She was certified in acupuncture by Chi University in 2006 and was an Intern at the University of Florida in Integrative Medicine in 2006 as well. She completed additional certifications in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Food Therapy, and Tui Na from Chi University at that time.After her time in Florida, she returned to Spain to start a TCVM practice, culminating in becoming the Chief of Service in Integrative Medicine at the Veterinary College in Madrid. In 2022, she relocated to Ireland to continue TCVM work for both small animals and horses.In addition to her clinical practice, she has been very active in teaching, writing, and lecturing on various TCVM topics all over the world.Please enjoy this conversation with Dr. Lorena Lloret Nadal as we discuss her education, clinical practice, and involvement with the establishment of Chi University in Europe.