Podcasts about yans

27.12.2024 | Dijital Hayat Bölüm514 - TRT Radyo1 | "Dijital Dünyanın 2024 Analizi" Bilal Eren'in hazırlayıp, sunduğu Dijital Hayat programımızda bu hafta; Ussal Danışmanlık Yönetici Ortağı Ussal Şahbaz ile; - Krizler ve Fırsatlar Bağlamında Dijital Dünyanın 2024 Analizi? - Yılın Kelimesi Seçilen "Brain Rot" (Beyin Çürümesi) ve Anlattıkları? - 2024 Yılında Dijital Dünyada, Bireysel ve Toplumsal Olarak Neler Yaşandı? - Sosyal Medya, Birey ve Toplumları Nasıl Etkiledi? - Yapay Zeka Yetenekleri ve Bu Yeteneklere Sahip Olanların Yükselişi? - Özgürlük ve Güvenlik İkileminin Yansımaları? - Siber Güvenlik Alanında Hem Bireysel Hem de Toplumsal Anlamda Neler Yaşandı? - Veri Tekelleşmesi ve Sonuçları ile İlgili Hangi Gelişmeler Yaşandı? - Çevrimiçi Bahis, Kumar ve Kripto Dünyasında Neler Oldu? Başlıklarını konuştuk. Dijital Hayat, her cuma saat 15:30​​​​​​​​​​​​​'da TRT Radyo1 mikrofonlarında canlı yayında... Tüm geçmiş ve gelecek yayınlarımız için; Web: https://www.dijitalhayat.tv

Hamas'ın 7 Ekim'de düzenlediği Aksa Tufanı Operasyonu ve akabinde İsrail'in verdiği cevap ile savaş büyüyor. Dünyanın gözü İsrail-Hamas savaşındayken Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı da devam ediyor.   Avrupa Birliği (AB) Komisyonu'nun yayımladığı yıllık ilerleme raporunda Türkiye'deki demokratik kurumların işleyişinde ciddi eksiklikler bulunduğu belirtilerek, demokratik gerilemenin devam ettiği vurgulandı ve “Cumhurbaşkanlığı sisteminin yapısal eksiklikleri devam etmektedir” denildi. ABD Başkanı Joe Biden ve Çin Devlet Başkanı Şi Çinping, ABD'nin Kaliforniya eyaletinde bir araya geldi. Görüşme, San Francisco'da yapılacak APEC zirvesi öncesi gerçekleştirildi. Bu görüşmede neler oldu? Aydın Adnan Sezgin ve Fatih Ceylan, Monşer vs. Monşer'in yeni bölümünde yorumluyor. Editör-Prodüktör: Enes Berk Demirkol

Bu yıl Brezilya'da gerçekleşen G20 zirvesinin gündeminde önemli konular olduğu gibi zirve sonrasında yayımlanan bildiride de önemli konular yer aldı. Açıklanan G20 sonuç bildirgesinde 85 madde bulunmaktadır. G20, forum olduğu için açıklanan bildirgenin bir yaptırımı da yok maalesef.

Dünyanın en büyük 20 ekonomisine sahip ülke liderlerinin Brezilya'da bugün başlayacak zirvesinde küresel sorunlar nasıl ele alınacak? ABD'de ocak ayında başlayacak olan Trump devri, küresel ekonomik ve diplomatik ilişkileri nasıl etkileyecek? İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Doç. Dr. Helin Sarı Ertem ile konuştuk.

Dün Merkez Bankası'nın yayımladığı yılın son Enflasyon Raporu'nu takip ettik. Merkez Bankası Başkanı Fatih Karahan detaylı bir sunumla enflasyon görünümüne ilişkin değerlendirmeler yaptıktan sonra toplantı soru-cevap kısmı ile devam etti.

Sadece Türkiye'de değil dünyanın bütününde ilgiyle takip edilen bir süreç olan ABD Başkanlık seçimlerine bir gün kaldı. Kimin başkan olacağı ile ilgili anketlere bakıldığında, Harris ve Trump arasındaki mücadelenin kıyasıya sürdüğü söylenebilir.

#HerkeseSanat #PopArt

EKONOMİ GÜNDEMİ

Ekremcan Arslandağ'la Aydın'dan İstanbul'a uzanan yolculuğundan başlayarak İTÜ'de Mühendislik okurken katıldığı tiyatro topluluğunda farkına vardığı sahnede içini gıdıklayan şeyin peşinden gitme arzusuna; azimle -her daim çalışarak- elde ettiği başarılardan Semaver Kumpanya'ya dahil olma sürecine; doğru zamanda doğru insanlarla kurduğu ilişkilerden iz bırakan performanslarına kadar keyifli bi' söyleşi gerçekleştirdik.Kendisine bu hoş sohbet için çok teşekkür ederiz.07 Ekim 2024 | tiyatro.co

Når gutter blir menn (for homofile inntreffer dette i 40-åra), går helsa rett i dass. Jon Reidar har fått noe i Øyan (hehe) og John Trygve har pådratt seg en treningsskade.JR har i tillegg vært på denne kunstutstillingen: https://www.gamlemunch.no/program/wunderkammer-blueMen ellers holder de motet oppe og svarer på spørsmål fra lytterne om vennskap (kvalifisert) og om USA-valget (ukvalifisert). Det blir også tid til hele to UKAS homonyheter:Stemte mot prideflagging: https://www.blikk.no/frp-oslo-pride/stemte-mot-prideflagging-i-oslo-bydel/255479Hetses etter utsagn om surrogati: https://www.tv2.no/underholdning/farmen/hetses-etter-utsagn-om-surrogati-ble-skikkelig-forbanna/17035484/Vær en ekstra god homolobbyist: Besøk oss på homolobbyen.no og send anonymt spørsmål på homolobbyen.no/kontakt Finn lenke til Homolobbyen i din podkastapp på podkast.homolobbyen.no Følg oss på instagram @homolobbyenpodkast

More disk 4 cleanup. We grind on Yans, catch some frogs, and fly the drone around.   Discord: https://discord.gg/uBw8TsBxKs Video Version at Patreon: patreon.com/nockat For T-shirts and mugs: http://etsy.com/shop/nockat For Mognet messages, email: NOCKATpodcast@gmail.com Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@noonecanknowaboutthispodca2316 Twitter: @NOCKATpodcast

ABD Merkez Bankası (Fed), politika faizini 4 yıl aradan sonra ilk kez indirdi ve 50 baz puan düşürerek faiz oranını yüzde 4,75-5,00 aralığına çekti. Peki Fed'in kararları küresel piyasalara nasıl etki edecek? Faiz indiriminin devamı bekleniyor mu? Anadolu Ajansı Global Finans Haberleri Müdür Yardımcısı Murat Aslan konuştuk. 

Geçtiğimiz perşembe günü 2025-2027 dönemine ilişkin Orta Vadeli Program (OVP), Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı Cevdet Yılmaz ve ilgili bakanların katıldığı bir toplantı ile açıklandı. Elbette yeni OVP dönemine ilişkin olarak piyasaların merak ettiği başlıklar vardı. Enflasyon ve büyüme oranlarına ilişkin güncellemeler de dahil olmak yeni OVP'de merak edilen pek çok tahmine ilişkin değerlendirmeler ilgili bakanlar tarafından yapıldı.

#beşerimünasebetler Sporun seyircisi olmak bile sosyal hayatı ve “iyi olma” halini güçlendiriyor. Fanatik değil ama, tutkulu taraftar parlıyor. Belçika'da bir de isim verilmiş: Yansıyan zaferin tadını çıkarmak! Prof.Dr. Nezih Orhon NTVRadyo'da

Başörtüsü mücadelesinin simge isimlerinden Şule Yüksel Şenler'in vefatının üzerinden 5 yıl geçti. “Huzur Sokağı” romanıyla hatırlanan, yazıları ve konferanslarıyla 1960-1970'li yıllara damgasını vuran yazar Şenler'i, Şule Yüksel Şenler Vakfı Başkanı Leyla Şahin Usta ile konuştuk.

Afrika kıtasındaki Fransız varlığının sona ermesi, bölgedeki jeopolitik dengeleri nasıl etkiliyor? Afrika'daki ‘milli uyanış' dünya siyasetine nasıl yansıdı? Haliç Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Serhat Orakçı ile konuştuk.

Eski ABD Başkanı Trump, Florida'daki Mar-a-Lago malikanesinde düzenlediği basın toplantısında ekonomiden göçe bir dizi konuya değindi. Bir saatten fazla süren konuşmasının ardından gazetecilerin sorularını yanıtlayan Trump'ın bazı ifadelerinde yer alan gerçek dışı iddialar dikkat çekti

Geçtiğimiz Perşembe günü Merkez Bankası merakla beklediğimiz yılın III. Enflasyon Raporu'nu yayımladı. Enflasyon Raporu, bankanın yazılı iletişimi ve rapor sonrasındaki basın toplantısı da sözlü iletişimi açısından son derece önemli. Hâl böyle olunca rapordaki her kelime ve basın toplantısındaki her söylem piyasalar açısından stratejik değerde oluyor. Bir önceki Enflasyon Raporu'nda Merkez Bankası yıl sonu için %36 olan tahminini %38 olarak güncellemişti. Bu toplantıda da en çok merak edilen konu enflasyon tahminlerinin güncellenip güncellenmeyeceğiydi. Zira son dönemdeki aylık enflasyon gelişmeleri ve beklentiler kanalındaki değişimler yıl sonu hedefi olan %38'in sıkça sorgulanmasını beraberinde getirmişti. En son açıklanan Temmuz ayı enflasyonu ile beraber ortaya çıkan tabloda %38'lik hedefin tutması için yılın geri kalan aylarında aylık enflasyonun ortalama %1,4 civarında olması gerekliliği yüzünden piyasalar Merkez Bankası'ndan farklılaşarak daha yüksek bir yıl sonu enflasyon beklentisi içerisine girmişlerdi. Ancak Merkez Bankası 2024, 2025 ve 2026 yıl sonu enflasyon tahminini sırasıyla %38, %14 ve %9 olarak korudu. Elbette bunun en önemli nedeni; eğer enflasyon tahminini yükseltirse ilave sıkılaştırmaya gerek olduğu yönünde oluşacak algının önüne geçmek olarak düşünülebilir. Zira piyasalar bir yandan bu yılın son çeyreği için faiz indirimi veya indirimlerini şimdiden değerlendirmeye başladılar. Diğer yandan Merkez Bankası'nın sıkı duruşunun uzun bir süre daha korunması ile ekonomideki soğumanın ve TL'deki reel değerlenmenin devam edeceği yönlendirmesi çerçevesinde enflasyon tahminlerini değiştirmediğini ifade edebiliriz. Bir diğer önemli konu ise çıktı açığı. Merkez Bankası tahminlerine göre çıktı açığı yılın ikinci yarısında negatife dönecek. Yani yılın ikinci yarısında ekonominin potansiyelinin altında üretim yapmaya başlayacak olması dezenflasyon sürecine destek olacak. Bu tahminin ana nedeni de yurtiçi talepteki yavaşlamanın devam edecek olması. Merkez Bankası talepteki dengelenmenin güçlenerek devam edeceğini öngörüyor. Dün açıklanan Sanayi Üretim Endeksi verisindeki daralma da bu gelişmeler ile uyumlu görünüyor. Sonuç olarak, III. Enflasyon Raporu'nda çok ciddi bir değişiklik yok. Raporun içindeki değerlendirmelerde ise en çok dikkatimi çeken konu protesto edilen senet, karşılıksız çek ve tahsili gecikmiş alacaklardaki belirgin artış. Merkez Bankası, hanehalkı ve firmaların borçlarını ödeme performanslarının düştüğünü gözlemliyor. Ancak tüm verilere oransal olarak bakarsak yani toplam içindeki payını ele alırsak ortalamaların altında bir risk oluştuğunu görüyoruz.

We try to finish the friendly monster quest, but can't defeat any Yans. Then we get all the stellazio and frogs we can get, before finally heading toward Ipsen's Castle. Oh yeah and we fight the monsters in the weapon shop in Treno. Special Guest: Spencer Crittenden.   Discord: https://discord.gg/uBw8TsBxKs Video Version at Patreon: patreon.com/nockat For T-shirts and mugs: http://etsy.com/shop/nockat For Mognet messages, email: NOCKATpodcast@gmail.com Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@noonecanknowaboutthispodca2316 Twitter: @NOCKATpodcast

ABD Başkanı Joe Biden'ın seçim yarışından çekilmesi Amerika'da yaşayan Türkler'in de önemli gündem maddelerinden biri. Amerika'daki Türkler sürpriz olmayan bu kararın Türk Amerikan ilişkilerinin seyri açısından ne anlama geldiğini VOA Türkçe'ye değerlendirdi

Yaşamını tam anlamıyla nasıl ve ne şekilde realiteye dönüştürdüğünü anlatan bu yasa diyor ki; duygularına, düşüncelerine ve sözlerine dikkat et...Support the Show.arkafonhikayeleri.podcast@gmail.com https://instagram.com/arkafonhikayeleri?utm_source=qrYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC11V-FdnYq0_yqCP5BUayrg

Günaydın! Salı sabahından herkese merhaba. Medyascope'un podcast'i Güne Başlarken'de günün öne çıkan haberlerine birlikte bakalım.

Ekonomi yönetimi bir süreden bu yana dozu her geçen gün artan bir sıkılaştırma programı uyguluyor. Dezenflasyonun tesis edilmesi maksadı ile uygulanan bu programın bazı ekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki etkisi de zaman içerisinde belirginleşmeye başladı. Bugün bu verilerdeki son gelişmelere hızlıca bir göz atacağız. Ekonomik büyümenin öncü göstergelerinden bir tanesi olarak kabul edilen İSO İmalat PMI Endeksi, Nisan ayında 49,3 puan olarak gerçekleşti. Bir önceki ay 50,0 seviyesinde olan endeksin yeniden eşik değerin altına düştüğünü gözlemliyoruz. Faaliyet koşullarının yeniden bozulmasında yeni siparişlerdeki devam eden ivme kaybı ve üretimin yeniden daralma bölgesine girmesi etkin olmuş görünüyor. Üretimdeki daralmayı TÜİK'in Mart ayı için açıkladığı Sanayi Üretim Endeksi verisinde de gözlemleyebiliyoruz. Son veriye göre sanayi üretimi aylık bazda %0,3 daraldı. (Sanayi üretimi tarafında yıllık yerine aylık gelişmeleri takip etmenin daha doğru olduğunu düşünüyorum.) Merkez Bankası'nın düzenlediği İktisadi Yönelim Anketi'nin alt değişkenlerinden olan İmalat Sanayi Kapasite Kullanım Oranı verisi de üretimdeki yavaşlama ile uyumlu şekilde düşmüş durumda. Açıklanan Mayıs ayı verisine göre; İmalat sanayi genelinde mevsimsel etkilerden arındırılmış Kapasite Kullanım Oranı bir önceki aya göre 0,4 puan azalarak %76,6 seviyesinde gerçekleşmiş. Diğer yandan TÜİK'in derlediği Mevsim etkilerinden arındırılmış güven endeksi Mayıs ayında bir önceki aya göre; hizmet sektöründe aynı düzeyde kalarak 117,1 değerini, perakende ticaret sektöründe %3,3 oranında azalarak 111,7 değerini ve inşaat sektöründe %0,3 oranında azalarak 88,3 değerini aldı. Bu veri de Merkez Bankası'nın hizmetler sektörü enflasyonundaki katılık değerlendirmesi ile uyumlu görünüyor. Yakından takip ettiğimiz bir diğer önemli veri de Reel Kesim Güven Endeksi. 2024 yılı Mayıs ayında mevsimsellikten arındırılmış Reel Kesim Güven Endeksi (RKGE-MA), bir önceki aya göre 1,1 puan azalarak 102,4 seviyesine düşmüş. Toplu sonuçlara göre reel kesimde önümüzdeki üç ayda üretim hacminde ve toplam sipariş miktarında düşüş bekleniyor. Ayrıca iç piyasa ve ihracat siparişleri hem içinde bulunduğumuz ayda azalmış hem de gelecek üç aydaki beklentilerde de düşüş var. Reel kesim, gelecek üç ayda toplam istihdamın düşmesini beklerken, ortalama birim maliyetlerde ve satış fiyatında artış öngörüyor.

Hafta başında Türkiye Odalar ve Borsalar Birliği'nin 80. Mali Genel Kurulu gerçekleştirildi. Genel kurul kapsamında gerçekleştirilen Hizmet Şeref Belgesi Ödül Töreni'nde Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan ve TOBB Başkanı Hisarcıklıoğlu da birer konuşma yaptı. TOBB Genel Kurulu'nda her zaman olduğu üzere iş insanlarını ilgilendiren konulara ilişkin kapsamlı değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Ancak ben bugün daha önce de sizlere yazılarımda aktardığım bir konunun TOBB Genel Kurulu'ndaki yansımalarını aktaracağım. Yazılarımı düzenli takip edenlerin hatırlayacağı üzere beklenen Marmara depremi ve olası ekonomi güvenliği risklerini birkaç kez ele almıştım. Bu kapsamda ayrıca benim de yazarları arasında olduğum ve Kalkınma Odaklı Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi (KOSAM) tarafından yayımlanan “Bir Ekonomi Güvenliği Meselesi, Marmara-Orta Anadolu Sanayi Dönüşümü” başlıklı raporumuzdan da bahsetmiştim. Tekrara düşmemek açısından burada rakamları yeniden paylaşmayacağım ancak İstanbul, Bursa ve Kocaeli'yi kapsayan Marmara Sanayi Bölgesi'nin Türkiye ekonomisi ve hatta Türkiye'nin ekonomi güvenliği açısından ne kadar önemli olduğu aşikar. Türkiye'de ödenen toplam vergiler, yapılan ihracat ve yapılan istihdamın içindeki bölge payı bölgenin önemini anlatmak için yeterli. Maalesef bu önem eşanlı olarak bazı riskler de içeriyor. Hatta olası Marmara depreminin tüm bu alt yapıya zarar vermesi ve Türkiye'nin ekonomi güvenliğini de tehdit edecek şekilde kalıcı hasar vermesi kuvvetle muhtemel. İşte bu ihtimali göz önümüzde bulundurarak, KOSAM olarak Konya Ticaret Odası Başkanı Selçuk Öztürk'ün destekleri ile hazırladığımız raporda neden Marmara Sanayi Bölgesi'nin Orta Anadolu'ya taşınması gerektiğini teknik ve akademik gerekçelerle izah eden bir rapor hazırlayıp yayımlamıştık. Rapor yayımlanmadan önce de böyle bir ihtiyaca işaret ederek raporun entelektüel altyapısını oluşturan TOBB Başkanı Hisarcıklıoğlu'nun KOSAM'ı ziyaretinde raporumuzu kendisinin bilgisine sunmuştuk. Hisarcıklıoğlu da TOBB'un son genel kurulundaki konuşma

SESLİ DERGİ

İlk bölümde 'Kadınların Göç Hafızası' sergisinin küratörü Nilgün Kıvırcık konuğumuz oluyor ve kendisiyle sergi vesilesiyle yaşadığımız coğrafyadaki kadınların göç tanıklıklarına ve bunun sanata yansımalarına yakından bakıyoruz. İkinci bölümde Hrant'ın Arkadaşları İnisiyatifi'nden Bülent Aydın ile hafta içinde görülen Hrant Dink Cinayeti Davası'nı ve fail Ogün Samast'ın ifadesini ele alıyoruz. Son bölümde ise Parrhesia Kolektif'ten Sesil Artuç konuğumuz oluyor ve ayda bir kez yaptığımız bu yayınla birlikte Ermenice taşra edebiyatında bir gezinti gerçekleştiriyoruz. 

Aile dizileri nasıl bir Türkiye yansıtıyor? Dizilere verilen tepkiler ne manaya geliyor? Türkiye yeni hikâyesini mi arıyor? Ayşe Çavdar ve Aysuda Kölemen Geniş Zaman'da Dizilere yansıyan aile hallerimizi değerlendirdi.

Almanya'da son yılların en uzun demiryolu grevi başladı. Önümüzdeki pazartesi akşamına kadar sürecek grev hayatı ve ticareti felç etti. Beş milyonu aşkın yolcu muzdarip. Yük taşımacılığında büyük aksamalar meydana geliyor. DB acil sefer tarifesi devreye soktu. Almanya genelinde hızlı trenler ve banliyö hatlarının sadece beşte biri çalışıyor. Grev çağrısı yapan Makinistler Sendikası (GDL) ne talep ediyor? Ufukta uzlaşma görünüyor mu? Vatandaşlar grevden nasıl etkileniyor? Mikrofonda Çelik Akpınar ve Elmas Topcu var. Von Celik Akpinar.

Vizyon filmlerinden Kızıl Gökyüzü ve Napolyon'u değerlendirirken, şehirdeki gösterimleri duyuruyor ve İsrail-Filistin krizinin Hollywood'daki yansımalarına göz atıyoruz. 

Mercek'in İsrail Filistin meselesinin 125 yıllık tarihini ve dönüm noktlarını ele aldığı ilk bölümünü dinlemek için buraya tıklayabilirsiniz. Aposto Altı Otuz'un yeni podcast serisi Aposto Mercek her hafta dünyada öne çıkan gelişmelerden önemli olduğunu düşündüğümüz bir konuyu mercek altına alacak, meseleleri arka planlarıyla, farklı alanlara etkileriyle geniş bir perspektiften anlatacak. Aposto Mercek, yoğun ve sürekli değişen günlük gündemin ötesine geçip önemli konulara bir adım uzaktan bakmamızı, insanlığı ve dünyanın nereye gittiğini anlayabilmemizi sağlayacak. Serinin ikinci bölümünde Aposto editörlerinden Tanem Zaman 7 Ekim'den bu güne İsrail Filistin çatışmasında yaşananları ele alacak, ülkelerin, medyanın ve toplumların yaşananlara tepkilerinin dünyayı nasıl etkileyebileceğini tartışacak.

Sonsuz Hayat / 7. Bölüm / Gölgeler ve Yansımalar by Mecit Ömür Öztürk

Sonsuz Hayat / 7. Bölüm / Gölgeler ve Yansımalar by Mecit Ömür Öztürk

Yavuz Oğhan Merkez Bankası faiz artırımı, Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan'ın ABD gezisi, Atatürk'e saygısızlık eden genç ve CHP - İyi Parti'deki gelişmeleri değerlendirdi.

Last time we spoke about the Juye incident and the scramble for China. The Big Swords society and their armor of the golden bell technique certainly made some waves in the mid 1890's. However it would seem to get them in trouble, at minimum by proxy. The Juye incident was quickly seen as another Big Sword attack on christians and Kaiser Wilhelm utilizes it to gain something he was looking for a long time, a naval port in China. Jiaozhou bay was quickly seized by the Germans and suddenly all the western powers were seizing parts of China left right and center. The carving up of China had thus gone into overdrive and it looked to the common Chinese people that christian missionaries were all behind it. German was truly rubbing their nose in and allowing their missionaries to abuse their authority in Shandong province, but for how long would the Chinese put up with all of this?   #59 Yihequan “Why is everyone Kungfu fighting?”    Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So there has been this group I have kept alluding to for a few podcasts now. They went by a few names, but they truly pop into the scene in the year of 1898 in what other place than Shandong province, to be specific Guan county. Guan county lies along the western border of Shandong and is just a bit due west of Jinan. The people of guan county were known their “brave spirit and love of righteousness”. Their county held poor soil, many grew cotton and this lent itself to weaving. It was quite an impoverished county, their people lived simple lives. As noted by a gazetteer “The young have become like knights-errant, and like to indulge in wine, and drink for pleasure. They form cliques and seek revenge." By the mid 19th century, these young knight types were allying themselves with White Lotus sects. This led to conflicts such as the Song Jing-shi uprising of the 1860s. As we have seen over the past few episodes, where there are young men practicing boxing and there are sectarians, well they seem to just find common cause and love to rebel. There was a small market town in Guan county called Liyuantun. It was an exclave among 24 settlements in Guan, isolated across the Shandong border inside Zhili. Bordering it to the north was Linqing and Qiu county. A peasant from Liyuangtun described Liyuantuns locations as such “Speaking from our village, either two li [one kilometer) to the east or ten li to the west was Wei county. Twelve li to the northwest was Qiu county; twelve li to the south was Jize [Zhili]; fifteen li to the southeast was Linqing; ten li to the south was Quzhou; five li to the west were 300 mu of Guangzong [Zhili] land; and we were 130 li from the Guan county seat”. The small town historically had changed administrative boundaries multiple times. Now when conflicts began to break out with Christians, a magistrate was told be local residents of Liyuantun "Before, the prefect and magistrate repeatedly came to calm and pacify us. They would fix a date and only when they received permission did they dare to enter this territory." Alongside the christians, the region was of course a natural refuge for bandits. Bandits seemed to increase dramatically between 1894-1899 and these bands were coming well armed and dared to raid villages during daylight. Even casualties were beginning to increase, it was said during one raid, 7 people were killed in a single village. Highway robbery was particularly popular in the area. Theft was often directed at the wealthy, the kidnapping of members of rich families, the ordinary peasants did not suffer from this, but instead benefited, as the bandits took their riches and spent them in the poor villages. The local Qing forces were too weak and incompetent to do anything.  The isolated county of Guan was very susceptible to heterodox sects. There were countless such as the White Lotus, the Green “Qing Bang” or Red “Hong Bang” gangs, the “Huang shahui / the Yellow sand society”, the “shen-ren dao / way of the sage” and so on. Historians point out the isolation of the county, low education and weakness of the orthodox gentry to be the reason for the popularity of such sects. These very same factors would bolster certain boxing groups to fight christians. With a weak Qing state, the Christian missionaries flooded the area. French Jesuits dominated the Zhili side towns and Italian Franciscans the Shandong side towns. The French were particularly large, as stated by resident of the region “Early in the Guang-xu period, the White Lotus were active here. The county magistrate sent troops to make arrests. The French priest "Liang" told everyone, "I am a missionary. Whoever wants to join the Catholic Church raise your hand and register. I guarantee that nothing will happen to you." Several who had joined the White Lotus raised their hands and joined the church. In this way the government troops did not arrest them.” The town of Liyuantun saw its first congregation come about in a similar fashion. In the wake of the Song Jingshi uprising, a former rebel was arrested. A secret christian in Liyuantun convinced the man's family to join the church and appeal the for the mans release. That is just what they did and taking upon their example, many others followed suit. Soon there was some 20 catholic families mostly from the Wang family. Now while I call Liyuantun a “small town” it was fairly large. It held 300 households, had a marketplace attracting business. It was what we call a multiple surname town: 40% of the households were Yans; 20% Wangs: 10% Gaos and so on. Kinship had a special role in the town, as it did in most towns in China. Liyuantun was really no different than the rest of the towns in the north China plain; her residents had mud walled and thatch roofed homes. The people supported themselves farming, spinning, weaving and peddling. The farmers planted what, sorghum, millet and cotton, the soil was fairly fertile compared to the surrounded towns. With a bit better soil came some social differentiation within the town. The wealthiest family owned about 300 out of 4000 mu of land, 6 others households had around 80mu each. Some of the larger landholders rented out land, but it was far more common to just hire laborers. There were countless landless households, most of whom were hired as laborers. Some owned only 3 to 4 mu of land supplementing their farm income from secondary occupations, like weaving and peddling. The entire dynamic of the town allowed for some gentry types, and they commanded influence above the county level of governance, though their town was still very isolated. Now in the middle of Liyuantun, stood a pair of small worn out buildings which once housed a temple dedicated to Yu-huang miao, the Jade Emperor. It was alongside a little school. The temple was said to go back to 1861 and during the rebels it took damage and was left in disrepair. Meanwhile by 1869 christians were increasing and it was decided the Christian and non-christians should divide the temple property and its associated lands, around 38 mu worth. An agreement was made between neighborhood leaders, the christians and the local constable stating the Christians would receive the temple property of 3.91 mu and the 38mu of farmland would be divided into three sections for the christians. This as you can guess was extremely unpopular and many of the neighborhood leaders who signed the agreement would dispute it later. Now the key issue was the right to the buildings which houses the temple to the Jade emperor, the highest god in the pantheon. In 1873 and 1881 the magistrate of Guan, Han Guangding enforced temporary settlements, trying to push the Christians to buy another site. But the missionaries did not want to give up the location and demanded the original deal be met. In 1887 a Franciscan showed up carrying bricks and tiles, attempting to dismantle the temple and turn it into a church. But as he began to do so, two gentry types, Liu Chang-an and Zuo Jianxun led a mob of very pissed off villagers to drive off the christians who were trying to evict their temple to the jade emperor. Magistrate He Shizhen tried to remedy the situation with another temporary agreement. He Shizhen was devoted to confucianism, and quite loved by the people for he was notably not corrupt. He Shizhen personally went to Liyuantun and confirmed the mob was roused by the two gentry types who were punished, but he also made sure to take down the bricks and tiles the Franciscan had put up.  The issue with the temple never went away, other magistrates were unable to resolve the matter. He Shizhen would come back to try and make a more permanent arraignment and got the christians to agree to accept an alternative location for their church. Liu Chang-an agreed to purchase another site for said church to be constructed. He Shizhen and a new magistrate added 100 taels of their own money to be put towards the churches construction. And it seemed to all the issue was finally resolved.  To the Italian and French missionaries however, they refused this resolution. They claimed the chinese christian villagers were not qualified to agree to such a settlement and only they could. He Shizhen argued the dispute was between two chinese parties in Liyuantun and so a stand off began that spanned a few years. He Shizhen stood his ground, and refused to meet with the foreign missionaries, so the non christians held possession for the temple. Then in 1892, the French minister to Beijing applied pressure to the court who applied pressure to the local officials who applied pressure to the villagers. The French protest brought upon a predictable verdict, the temple was to be given to the Christians. He Shizhen donated 200 taels and 1000 cash for the construction of a new temple at a different location, but the Christians said it was a no go. The Christians complained about the meddling of officials and this escalated the situation. It seems a bit of revenge was on the menu, for a unknown person apparently invited a Daoist priest named Wei He-yi from Linqing into the picture. Wei He-yi happened to have an armed local militia whose leader was Zuo Jianxun, it always comes full circle doesn't it. The militia came over to defend the temple and things quickly got out of hand. The local Qing officials responded quickly sending the Daotai of the area alongside a group of other Qing authorities, the Dongchang prefect, Lingqing subprefect, magistrates of the surrounding Zhili counties of Qinghe, Quzhou and Wei alongside He Shizhen to meet the mob. The Qing officials told them they needed to preserve the peace and eventually persuaded them to disperse. The christians were allowed to come to the site, and it seemed they had won the day. Now this entire time, it was the gentry leading the charge against the Christians. They went through the appropriate means, they pressed their complaints to the prefectures, then to the provincial capital and all of this was quite expensive to do. A few of the gentry were very vigilant in their efforts and this earned them jail time. Several lost property because of the expenses. Liu Chang-an was stripped of his degree. By 1892 it was clear these gentry, despite some holding degrees, having money, land or influence could not challenge the missionaries. When the Qing authorities came in force in 1892 it signaled to them no further protests would be allowed, the gentry bent the knee. The gentry had thus given up the cause, but the struggle was passed to a younger and more volatile group.  Once the Christians got back the rights to the temple site they immediately went to work building a church. They soon found themselves under attack from a group of poor, young peasants known as “shi-ba kui / the 18 chiefs”. One story goes, the Christians were forced to fortify the church and hid inside as they were met with rocks and gunfire. The mob stormed the church and assaulted several of the Christians inside. The christians fled to the missionaries residence over in Wucheng and for a long time did not dare leave the residence. Another stand off occurred where upon if either side tried to build upon the temple location the other side would intervene and tear it down. The prefect of Dongchang, Hong Yongzhou ordered both sides to stop constructing anything and to agree to a new settlement.  These so called 18 Chiefs seem to represent the chiefs of the 18 surrounding villages, basically militia leaders. However oral tradition has it that they were all in fact young residents of Liyuantun, mostly poor peasants who simply took on the task of protecting the temple. Their leaders included Yan Shuqin, martial artists of the “Hong-quan” Red Boxing school and Gao Yuanxiang, known to the locals as “Gao Xiaomazi” Pockmarked Gao. Yan Shuqin owned around 5 mu of land and supplementing his incoming by peddling and spinning cotton. He had two brothers who were part of the 18 chiefs who worked as farm hands. Gao Yuanxiang had around 10 mu of land and made side money milling and reselling grain. The largest land owner out of the lot was Yan Mingjian with over 100 mu of land. 3 other chiefs were completely landless, most peddling to subsidize their income.  The missionaries saw the 18 chiefs as nothing more than some impoverished thugs, pushed into the situation by the gentry who had failed. However the 18 chiefs would prove to be a resilient group, take Gao Yuanxiang who spent 2 years in prison beginning in 1895 but carried the fight on. The 18 chiefs knew they could not hold back the Christians forever, they were a small and isolated force, so they turned to a man they thought could help them out named Zhao Sanduo. Zhao Sanduo lived 5kms southwest in Shaliuzhai a large village with 300 households in Wei county. He was a notable martial artist, who also went by the name Zaho Luozhu. He taught Plum Flower Boxing, a martial art going back to the early 17th century. Feng Keshan back during the eight trigrams uprising taught Plum Flower boxing.  Plum Flower Boxing was for self protecting, utilizing physical and spiritual exercise. There was little to no religious aspect in this martial art, except for some bowing to Sun Wukong or Shaseng. The prefect of Dongchang described Plum flower boxing as  “In the districts along the Zhili-Shandong border, the people are sturdy and enjoy the martial arts. Many of them practice the arts of boxing to protect themselves and their families, and to look out for each other. Great numbers practice [boxing] and it has spread widely. In Henan, Shanxi and Jiangsu there are also those who teach it, so that its name is widely known. Each year in the second or third [lunar] month there are fairs, and the boxers use this opportunity to gather and compare their techniques. They call this "liang-quan" ("showing off their boxing"). Thus in the countryside they are regarded as plum boxing meetings.” The plum flower boxer often practiced on market days and would often stage shows. Zhao Sanduo had roughly 2000 students, many of whom were employed as Yamen runners, giving him quite a advantage when dealing with disputes with Qing authorities. It is said Zhao may have had up to 400 mu of land and ran his own store, but countless accounts also claim he was a poor peasant with a meager 10 mu of land. When dealing with oral traditional history its always hard to feel out what is true and what is fable. Regardless Zhao was noted to be a very generous man and would use his considerable influence to right wrongs, particularly when it came to christian meddling.  The 18 chiefs pleaded for Zhao's help and at first he rejected them, not wanting to get involved, but somehow they twisted his arm. In april of 1897 the Christians yet again tried to bring their materials over to build upon the temple site. At the same time, Zhao had staged a major plum flower boxing exhibition in Liyuantun. It seems Zhao was just making a show of force, but soon violence broke out. Yet again the Christians hid in their church construction, then on april 27th, somewhere between 500-2000 men stormed the site and occupied it. The Christians attempted a counter attack which resulted in a single fatality and many injuries. The church was destroyed, the Christians had their homes looted and all of them fled. Upon receiving the news of the incident, He Shizhen sympathized with the non christians and the Governor of Shandong, Li Bingheng tried to prevent foreign intervention. By the fall of 1897 the Qing authorities endorsed a new settlement which gave a major victory to the non christians and their boxer allies. The Qing officials sought to buy the Christians a new site and supply all the supplies for their new church, while the old temple site would be used as a charitable school for all villagers. However in truth they sought to rebuild the old temple and even put on a grand celebration to commemorate it.  It seemed a grand victory, but it was to be short-lived as the Juye incident came about. The Germans seized Jiaozhou, Li Bingheng was demoted and now the Christians overwhelmingly had the upper hand. Imperial edicts were being frantically tossed around demanding all incidents to be avoided at all costs, while the missionaries pressed for revenge. The Italian bishop rejected the 1897 settlement and demanded the Qing officials get rid of the old temple and return the site to the christians. In the meantime Zhao Sanduo was joined by a man named Yao Wenqi, a native of Guanging, Zhili. Yao had been teaching boxing in the town of Liushangu, southwest of Liyuantun. Yao was senior to Zhao in the Plum Flower boxing school, thus his boxing teacher or Senpai as the Japanese would say. Yao radicalized the scene, by introducing some new recruits who were notorious for anti-manchu activities. Many of Zhao's students pleaded with him “Do not listen to Yao, he is ambitious! Don't make trouble. Since our patriarch began teaching in the late Ming and early Qing there have been 16 or 17 generations. The civil adherents read books and cure illness, the martial artists practice boxing and strengthen their bodies. None has spoken of causing disturbances”. Zhao headed the advice at first, but it seemed he could not break away from the anti-christian followers amongst the ranks. In early 1898 the Qing authorities threatened to arrest any of the Plum Flower boxers if they dared to assemble. The leaders of the Plum Flower Boxers who did not share the anti-christian stance advised Zhao and the others to leave, and he did. Zhao left with many followers and they took on a new name, Yihequan.  The translation of Yihequan is something along the lines as “the righteous and harmonious fists” or “boxers / fists united in righteousness'. The Yihequan of Guan county were united in righteous indignation over the Christian encroachment on the Liyuantun temple. This was not exactly a new thing, there were many Yihe organizations historically we have already covered. In the 1860s there were Yihe militias in southern Zhili fighting off the Nian rebels. In Wei county there were 3 different militias the Zhi he tuan “militia united in purpose”; Pei-yi tuan “militia worthy of righteousness; and the Yihe tuan “militia united in righteousness”. These three militias disbanded in the early 1870's, but were resurrected in 1896 because of the explosion in banditry. Interesting to note, the Yihe tuan were led by Zhao Laoguang, a cousin of Zhao Sanduo. Such Yihe boxer groups formed a coalition against the Christians. The most radical of them were aggressive members of the 18 chiefs of Liyuantun, under the leadership of “Big Sword” Yan Shuqin. Then there were aggressive members of the Plum flower boxers like Yao Wenqi. Zhao Sanduo had a fairly large network of friends spanning militia leaders and gentry class. Thus for the Qing government it was quite frustrating, as when they tried to crack down on certain groups, these groups suddenly were being aided by others and well hidden. It was a true Boxer coalition. The French demanded the dismissal of the popular magistrate, He Shizhen, who they saw as an obstacle and by early 1898 they got their way. He was replaced by Cao Ti who said as he entered the area “boxers were seen everywhere, wearing short jackets and knives, they filled the streets and alleys. Everywhere one looked, one saw their disorderly appearance”. Christians were fleeing Liyuantun in fear, thus Cao Ti's first task was to ease the tense situation. Cao Ti began with an investigation of the Boxer groups and learned that Zhao Sanduo was the key leader. He began systematically shaking down Boxer leaders trying to get Zhao to come forward, but he would not come out of the shadows. The Boxers in general were in hiding as Qing forces were building up a presence in the area. By February of 1898, prefect Hong Yongzhou took charge of the situation. On February 28th, Hong Yongzhou accused Yan Shuqin to be the murderer of a local Christian killed in the spring time. Hong went into Liyuantun and occupied the town with Qing forces, ushering the Christians to come claim the temple. While this solved the temple issue, it did not solve the Boxer issue as they were now gathering in local villages. Hong Yongzhou knew he needed to take out Zhao Sanduo, so he managed to convince local militia leaders he would provide Zhao safety if he would meet with him in Ganji. Zhao finally came over and Hong had this to say about their meeting  "I instructed the boxer leader Zhao San-duo very clearly, and showed him that for his best interest the Plum Boxers must be dispersed, and if they ever assembled again he would be prosecuted. I said to the man ‘ Your family is said to be well off and your sons and grandsons already established. Why have you not sought to protect yourself and your family, and have instead loosed your disciples to cause trouble, even committing murder and arson? Why do you let yourself be the puppet of others?" To all of this Zhao confessed his organization was infiltrated by some unruly men as a result of what was occurring at Liyuantun, but the Christians labeled him a criminal chieftain so he had to keep his boxers together for self protection. The Qing officials all agreed to offer him protection if he would disband the boxers. The Qing officials went with Zhao to his home in Shaliuzhai and got him to official disperse his boxers. However the Boxer coalition was vast and by no means was Zhao telling them to stop going to work for all. In Liyuantun in April, a notice suddenly appearance on the examination hall reading this “The patriots of all the provinces, seeing that the men of the West transgress all limits [literally: over-reach Heaven] in their behavior, have decided to assemble on the 15th day of the fourth moon and to kill the Westerners and burn their houses. Those whose hearts are not in accord with us are scoundrels and women of bad character. Those who read this placard and fail to spread the news deserve the same characterization. Enough. No more words are needed.” So yeah it was clear there were still a lot of angry boxers. The Qing officials attempted a new approach, they tried to recruit the peaceful boxers into militias. The First Sino-Japanese War had greatly diminished Qing authority in the region and such groups were necessary to restore law and order. Governor Zhang Ru-Mei began recruiting them with the primary intent to combat banditry and it looked extremely successful. As Zhang reported to the court in May “I have already sent deputies to the various localities to work together with the local officials to clean up the bao-jia [registers] and establish rural militia (xiang-tuan). Originally I wished to clear up the sources of banditry, but these can also be used to mediate between the people and the Christian converts. ” Zhang and other Qing officials were not naive, they knew many of the boxers in the militias would not be neutral when it came to Christian disputes. This led Zhang to make a rathe controversial recommendation on June 30th “If we allow them [the boxers] to establish private associations on their own authority, and officials take no notice, not only will foreigners have an excuse [to protest], but in time it could become a source of trouble. Northerners are customarily willful. Their bravery and fierceness in struggle are an established custom. The techniques of these boxers, and their system of masters and disciples have had some success in protecting the countryside and capturing bandits. We should instruct the local officials to order the gentry and people to transform these private associations into public undertakings, and change the boxing braves into people's militia. This would conform to public opinion and make them easier to control, and it would seem that both people and converts would benefit greatly” Come fall, rumors spread that the Qing officials were going to crack down and arrest more people. Qing soldiers in Linqing crossed the border into Zhili and began searching for anti christian biligerants in Shaliuzhai. This began an uproar and Yao Wenqi alongside the 18 chiefs took Zhao Sanduo and his entire family hostage and forced him to push the coalition to attack.  Boxers began to gather in hundreds along the border area of Zhili-Shandong. Boxers from Shaliuzhai marched north, assaulting Christians and destroying a few homes in some villages northwest of Liyuantun. Over the course of a few days bands of boxers passed through Hongtaoyuan which held a large christian population. There they destroyed a church and several houses. Rumors began to spread that the boxers were going to rescue Yan Shuqins brother and members of the 18 chiefs from jail. 50 horses were borrowed from supporters which the boxers mounted with large flags bearing what would become the famous slogan of the boxer movement ‘Fu Qing mie-yang / support the Qing, destroy the foreigners”. This was the first known appearance of the slogan and the Qing reacted with force. Qing forces were brought over from Linqing in Shandong and Daming in Zhili. The governor of Zhili, the magistrates of Qiu, Wei and Guan alongside other Qing officials quote “ordered the militia heads and gentry directors (shen-dong) of the three counties to go forward to enlighten the people to sincerity and public spiritedness, and to make them aware of the pros and cons. They strenuously reasoned with the boxers. Zhao Luo-zhu [i.e., Zhao San-duo] then publicly kowtowed to Yao Luo-qi [i.e., Yao Wen-qi] and the boxer crowd, and asked them to disperse and return to their homes. The boxers were deeply repentant and on October 31 and November 1 they dispersed in small groups and returned home.” The springtime dispersal of the boxers would have earned the Qing a summer of peace, but as the Boxers headed back to their homes, some passed through Hongtaoyuan. It is said the Christians there tossed insults at the boxers, prompting Yao Wenqi and some more hot headed types to seek revenge. On November 3rd, 80 boxers assaulted the Christian community of Hongtaoyuan, burning down a church and seven houses killing perhaps 3 christians. After this they advanced upon some other Christian villages in Wei county, but French missionaries had been organizing a militia 477 men strong. So the boxers instead attacked the nearby village of Disankou where they burned and looted more Christian homes. The next day saw Qing troops attack the boxers at Houwei village, where 4 were killed and 19 were arrested including Yao Wenqi. Yao Wenqi was beheaded the next day in Hongtaoyuan.  Peace was thus restored to the 18 villages and as late as November of 1899 a Protestant missionary reported “a cordial welcome in Liyuantun”. The long struggle over Liyuantun had seemingly come to an end, or had it?  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Yihequan, Boxers of the righteous and harmonious fists had risen to face off against the Christian menace plaguing China. The christians retaliated heavily and seemingly have quelled the boxers, but for how long would such a peace last?

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The health of a grapevine starts at ground level – literally in the soil. The California Department of Food and Agriculture is helping farmers improve the quality of their soils through the Healthy Soils Initiative. Taylor Jones, Ph.D., Director of Viticulture at Star Lane and Dierberg Vineyards used his funding as an opportunity to study the effects of compost. After completing two three-year trials in six different soil types in two American Viticulture Areas, Taylor found that compost additions significantly increased organic matter, Reduced Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium usage by 35 percent, and decreased water use dramatically. Listen in to hear the only downside to increasing the use of compost on your vineyard. References: 149: Fair Market Trade: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Grapevines 151: The Role of the Soil Microbiome in Soil Health 163: Onsite Compost Production Using Vineyard Waste   165: Become a Microbe Farmer: Make Compost   167: Use Biochar to Combat Climate Change California Department of Food and Agriculture's Healthy Soils Initiative Compost Benefits and Quality for Viticultural Soils Compost use in premium vineyard development Dierberg Vineyard Taylor Jones LinkedIn  Tyler Jones: taylor@dierbergvineyard.com Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - DONATE SIP Certified Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript Craig Macmillan  0:00  Here with me today is Taylor Jones. He's Director of Viticulture at Star Lane in Dierberg Vineyards. And we're gonna talk about some soil health projects that he's got going. Thanks for being on the podcast.   Taylor Jones  0:10  Yeah. Thanks for having me.   Craig Macmillan  0:12  I just learned about this recently, and you talked about a little bit in the vineyard team tailgate meeting that got me interested, you have more than one thing going on? Is that right? Yeah, yeah, we do. And these projects are funded by the California Department of Food and Agriculture Healthy Soils program. Is that right?   Taylor Jones  0:25  Yes, that's correct.   Craig Macmillan  0:27  We'd love to chat about that part of it a little bit later. But right now, I really want to know what you're doing. How many projects, what are they about? What are you trying to find out?   Taylor Jones  0:33  We have two projects, we were awarded two different grants, one for each of our vineyard properties that we have. So we have one healthy soils project over in Santa Rita Hills that started in 2018. And it's a three year program. And then we have another project that's healthy soils program at our Star Lane Vineyard in Happy Canyon, AVA and over their three year project also. And that one started in 2020, I believe. So we just hit our final year, this this last year. So yeah, to two different projects. And essentially, we're the states paying us to put compost down and improve our soil health. So we're jumping on that and trying to see what actually happens in the vineyard after compost has been applied. Since we're getting all of this compost from CDFA. It's we're going to use the money that we're saving on the compost to kind of do some some studies and see what's actually being impacted in our vineyard soils.   Craig Macmillan  1:30  So talking about the Star Rita AVA, project.   Taylor Jones  1:33  Over at Santa Rita hills, we have Drum Canyon vineyard, and over there we were awarded, it was 35 acres of compost applications, we had six tons per acre. For three years, over the three year span, we had 18 tons per acre put down down over there what we did, we tried to, as best we could make an experiment, you know, it's kind of hard to make a proper randomized trial. In a field when you're doing compost applications with your normal operations, we try to apply compost in all the areas that we could in our vineyard and while leaving a few barrier rows that we could do tests. And so we had, for example, we'd have 10 rows applied with compost, and then a few rows, no compost so that we could test those rows separately see what's going on. Are there changes in organic matter? Are we seeing changes in compaction, all the good stuff that comes with soil, so testing soils for nutrition, microbial populations, and then also water, I think water is the big thing. So that's how we set everything up on the property, we have five or six different soil types that we apply conference to and in each soil type, we did our own measurements there. And we were able to have soil moisture probes in most areas so that we could utilize those to help with some data. We really saw a lot of benefits from putting the compost down. I mean, we're in you're entering our sixth year after application, the state's requiring us to send a final numbers and we have to do one more test of organic matter. So that's coming up soon for our final dataset. Overall, we saw some great really good impacts from from the healthy soil program at that site.   Craig Macmillan  3:11  Before we go farther, are we talking about banding under the vine we're talking about broadcasting?   Taylor Jones  3:14  Whenever you do your grant, you have to specify what you're going to do. And in our case, we went with banding the spreader that we have is a bander you know we'd have six foot rows and we have a ag soil works hydraulic gripper, the wings move. So we're in an area where we have a lot of compaction. Typically we like to rip every three years every other row. And so that kind of led to the decision of banding. We're getting the compost close to the vine. Since we're in a six foot row, our rippers going right down the vine row right next to the root zone. So we're trying to get everything incorporated and move down lower in the soil profile. That was our target what we did we since we had three different years, and we didn't want to rip every single year, we did well alternating rows. One year we did every other row with a compost band and rip. The following year we did the even numbered rows with the compost band and rip and then the final year, our desire was to go no till so at the final year, we banded and we just did a light disk and seed on top of that, that we didn't unnecessarily rip over again. So it was technically a combo of riping and broadcast.   Craig Macmillan  4:22  Unrelated just further conversation that I've had weed control under the vine using some kind of cold federal weed knife or using herbicides?   Taylor Jones  4:31  For the extent of this trial. We use it herbicides, trying to keep all the weeds down as much as possible so that we're not seeing any funky results coming from having weeds all over the place. So we try to keep the berms clean as possible.   Craig Macmillan  4:42  And this one has been going for a little while now. What kind of preliminary results do you think you're seeing?   Taylor Jones  4:47  We're seeing some some great preliminary results. The most impactful result that we're seeing is water. Our water usage has declined dramatically. I mean, we went from irrigating every two weeks historically, this will be my eighth vintage here at the company, we used to always pretty religiously we'd water every two weeks, if not more over on that property. And every year, we were kind of able to spread that out, we were seeing water holding capacity almost increase. So last year, we ended up waiting 79 days from basically from bloom until we harvested, we were able to not water at all. Pretty amazing, we were able to heat stress, we have totally sensors in the field that help us tailor our irrigation strategies, but that 79 days of no water being used was significant for our operation in terms of water savings, you know, propane costs, even the irrigator had more time to do other things besides troubleshoot the irrigation system. I think all of that kind of stemmed from the organic matter increase. We saw, on average over a three year timespan, the average was about point 2% increase in organic matter per year for those three years. And you know, 1% organic matter is more or less 20,000 gallons of water per acre that you can hold. That's our goal. Let's try to increase organic matter by 1% and try to achieve that extra water holding capacity. Let's see how high we can get and so we had different different soil types reacted differently in terms of how well they held water.   What kind of soils do you have out there? We're talking about the Santa Ynez River Valley, we're talking about being relatively close to Lompoc, for those of you who are interested, there is tremendous will type variability all through that area. And Drum Canyon is relatively on the west side of that area. I would describe it as that what kind of sils do you have out there?   So we have top of the hill pure sandbox, as you go down the hill, we have some nice Shaylee loans. As we continue down, we get more and more loamy but a little bit more clay and silt as you kind of go to the flats. We're getting a lot more water holding capacity there in the flat zone. And then we have another corner of the vineyard that is the lowest coldest spot and that's mostly sand like a kind of like a sandy clay. So huge variability in soils, we kind of have almost all the types on our property, which is well fun for me.   Craig Macmillan  7:12  Fun for you. Tremendous variation in water holding capacity.   Taylor Jones  7:15  Oh yeah, we had a block we tried to establish our sandy soils, and that was watering twice a week with four gallons per vine, like just trying to get those vines. I mean, it's windy there, we have a lot of struggles and sand is sands an issue trying to get vines established. And to get that taproot down, otherwise, our loams on the hillsides, they tend to have good drainage, they're maybe two feet deep before you hit a layer of sandstone. So our soils are fairly shallow. So we get good water infiltration and penetration, good ability to stress the vines out quickly, but not really holding water. Well, as you get to the flood zone, we've always been able to irrigate a little bit less often those soils kind of have more of clay particles, they're holding on to water a little bit more, until you hit the sandy zone and there are definitely watering twice as much as we do in other areas.   Craig Macmillan  8:02  But you're seeing improvement in all these areas?   Taylor Jones  8:05  Definitely every single area of all in line with each other and what what we're seeing in in our sandy soil series, we saw the higher increase in organic matter than the other soil series. And we were able to irrigate slightly less in those zones than the other ones, which then in previous years percentage wise, which was surprising, but also I'm so glad water is the same you know, in our sandy soils, we saw almost it was point eight 5% organic matter increase total over a final timespan. So that's the equivalent of 16,600 gallons per acre that of water that was used, On the lower end some of the, our loamy silty soils, we ended up getting about a point seven 2.45% increase over five years. So a little bit different there. But you know, we didn't need as much help with holding water in those soils of the sandy soils. So it kind of balanced out percentage wise in terms of how much water we were using.   Craig Macmillan  9:06  What about above ground? Did you see changes in the vines, the fruit crop load, wine quality?   Taylor Jones  9:11  Not so much crop load tons tons per acre, we're pretty spot on throughout the vineyard with seasonal variability. For better or for worse. Some areas we had too much vigor, some areas are vigor was improved overall vigor was higher than than previous years, even with reduced water and reduced and reduced fertilizer inputs as well. So yeah, above ground pruning weights increased a little bit. But that was that was kind of expected. We're having a lot more vigor. But yeah, fruit load was not impacted, which is fine. We're not like trying to pump out as much fruit as possible.   Craig Macmillan  9:43  We've made wines out of these?   Taylor Jones  9:45  Yes. So why is not really a lot of changes in wine. Our winemaking team. They make a couple different wines. A lot of its blended from different areas of our flat zones. And in our other ranch we saw some Yans increasing Other than Yans, that's about it in terms of wine quality was still on point with with every previous year, so no changes in wine quality and no changes in Brix or pH, anything like that phenologically ripening, everything seemed to be pretty, pretty standard for our ranch.   Craig Macmillan  10:18  And that's a good transition. So what about the Happy Canyon?   Taylor Jones  10:21  We're just getting some, I'm finally organizing some data for Happy Canyon. And they're we're seeing similar results. And if anything this year more so or we have had some pretty significant rains. But our cover crop took off a lot quicker than any previous year, this last November, November, December is when we put our final load of compost in from healthy soils. So we were in year three, and we're finally seeing cover crops just taking off. Unfortunately, I think the only downside of these projects has been a lot of increase in in inter row weeds, we've had a lot more weeds creeping up. And that's just I think, some of the compost we're getting this now the seed beds in there just stuck there. And you can see the Malvo just coming up right where we planted and ripped, which is frustrating, but I'll take the soil benefits and deal with the weeds later, you know. Happy Canyon, we're seeing very similar results, we're starting to be able to use less water on a per annual basis, we have a little bit less soil diversity over at Happy Canyon a lot more silty clay silty on the hillsides, clays towards the bottom and the flats. That grant there was 95 acres of compost and give that reference over over a three year timespan that ends up being it was 58 $59,000 worth of compost that we got to not to have from the state which which was phenomenal. And then at the Star Lane project, we're only doing four times an acre, not six tons an acre, the grants kind of based off of what compost you're buying and your carbon nitrogen ratio of your compost, so four tons an acre and Happy Canyon still with the goal of trying to go no till over there. And we're seeing similar increases in organic matter where we're getting that point 2.25% increase year after a year. So there were targeting hopefully, my goal is to find one block, maybe that we can get a full 1% increase in that would be amazing. But it's good to see similarity over two different ADAs two different ranches. It's nice to see the similarities kind of confirming what we're seeing at one ranch versus the other ranch.   Craig Macmillan  12:24  And I want to come back to that. But before I forget, again, we're talking about this is four tons per acre banded, you are not tilling the middle right now.   Taylor Jones  12:32  Correct.   Craig Macmillan  12:33  But you are tilling with that piece of equipment over at the Santa Rita ranch when you have to occasionally yes in terms of no tilled you for see Star Lane being able to farm with a no till system indefinitely? Or do you have plans that you'll have to reset the system every so often? And if so, how would you go about it?   Taylor Jones  12:53  That's that's a good question. I think that I would love to go no tilling indefinitely, unfortunately, with the rate of compaction all of our soils have and then the heavy equipment we're using it's it's inevitable that we're going to have to rip and till but I don't think that we'll ever have to do like every single year full plowed down kind of stuff. I'm totally fine with instead of ripping every three years, let's double that to rip every six years or even further down the road, see how far we can push it. I think with our compaction results that we're seeing in both ranches, our rate of compaction has reduced by about 80% We should be able to go for about five and a half years without ripping instead of every three years. So we can probably push that to six years and rip and then you know, maybe future copost applications will help reduce that even more. We're doing some no till trials where we planted a vineyard and started it no till and comparing it to the same block that's being tilled annually every year. And so far, we're five or six years in now and seeing no differences in yield or plant growth which is promising because I think that for our soil future we kind of need to go the the no till route and you know show that it can be done. And let's see what happens.   Craig Macmillan  14:06  Something that we didn't touch on that. I think if our listeners are not familiar, this is in Santa Barbara County, Santa Yenz Valley. Happy Canyon and the Star Rita AVAs are about as different as you could possibly get in my opinion. So fill us in a little bit about what's going on soil and climate between those two branches.   Taylor Jones  14:24  Both are similar in terms of frost. I mean we had we always have the same amount of frost days I feel like but yeah, so So Santa Rita hills a lot closer to the ocean. You've got the Santa Ynez mountain range, they're going east to west kind of funneling in all the morning fog so we get Santa Rita Hills morning fog usually burning out towards the end of the day, high winds and that that kind of leads to some nice distressed plants are really big fluxes in temperatures with daytime highs versus nighttime colds very similar toHappy Canyon Aava like stuff over there, we get a lot warmer during the day, we're seeing a lot more 90 degree plus days than what we would see in Santa Rita Hills. And with with the way the climates moving, both ranches seem to be trending towards more and more and more high heat days. And we're seeing more cold days as well. And out at Happy Canyon, we're kind of on the far edge of Happy Canyon where Star Lane is and we have morning fog kind of creeps in and it will kind of tickle the edge of our ranch almost kind of recedes a lot more back into Santa Ynez. So at Star Lane, we get a lot more a lot less foggy mornings, kind of ocean mist, and we have a lot more beautiful sunny mornings out. But over there, we also have a lot of wind as well, the significant amount of wind. So AVA wise, they are, you know, they're fairly, fairly similar, I would say only because you have some of that marine influence. High winds with soil types are completely different. And just like the amount of the day that you're getting sunlight in different areas, and wind is fairly different as well.   Craig Macmillan  16:05  Tell me a little bit about the Healthy Soils program. I think this is a really fascinating thing. I remember when it started, and how did you find out about it? How did you get led to it? What was the process like for getting into it?   Taylor Jones  16:17  Trying to think I found it, I really liked looking for grant money, I came from an academic background. And if there's free money to be had, why not apply for it, we use all the tractor replacement grants, we're trying to get electrification grants, you know, find money where we can find it to help our help our company out. Pretty sure we just stumbled upon this program being available. And we basically talked to CDFA. And we're like, Hey, we're interested in applying and said, Here's the process. And it ended up being kind of ridiculously easy. I'm surprised that more people don't apply for Healthy Soils programs, there's just an an online application that you fill out, not only while you're filling out this application, they make you use the Comet Planner tool online, which is a really fun tool, if nobody's used it before, just to estimate greenhouse gas emission reductions based on you know, that's, that's kind of the core of the program is reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing organic matter in your soils. And comet planner can kind of help you look at that. So there's some criteria you have to meet, you cannot have applied compost on these fields within I forget what it was in the last five years or something like that. If you've been applying compost, you can't get the Healthy Soils program. So we used some areas, we had put compost down so we couldn't use those zones, which is why in our Drum Canyon Ranch is 69 acres, but we could only put compost down on 35 of that. So that's one One limitation of the program. But overall, you pick your blocks that you want to do you set out a sampling protocol for them. And they'll usually accept it. And it's essentially you sample your soils every year during the program prior to compost application. And they'll reimburse you for those soil samples as well. So that you can track your organic matter. That's that's all they require. We submit our soils for more testing than just organic matter. Yeah, overall, it's a really simple end of the year, you have to send them proof of your project. And that's generally photos of the compost arriving pictures of the team implementing the compost, actually putting it into the ground, receipts, invoices that you had for just everything to prove that you've done what you do. And then yeah, it's three years. And then in year five, you have one last soil sample to send to the state. So overall, it's a simple application process. I found it one of the easier grants to actually apply for.   Craig Macmillan  18:38  You mentioned that you were doing soil analysis beyond just the soil organic matter what what variables are you looking at?   Taylor Jones  18:44  We just submitted for a full a full soil health panel looking back on it, I wish I would have added bulk density on that, because I think that would have been interesting to see how it changed. But you know, hindsight is 2020 but we looked at you know, NPK, calcium, magnesium cation exchange capacity. Any differences in pH, soil moisture, sodium, just kind of the whatever you send to us soil lab, whatever they'll give you for those tests. I think the biggest thing was we reduced our NPK usage by about 35%. At both ranches after this soil results showed you know we had some NPK increases, but not really as much. I think what we're seeing more so is our vines, roots, finding new areas where they haven't been before. And they're kind of being able to utilize resources that previously weren't available to them. So that's leading to our decrease in fertilizer usage, which is great. We're trying to go towards organic and getting away from a lot of inorganic fertilizer usages would be spectacular.   Craig Macmillan  19:47  That reminds me of something so have you been applying either synthetic organic NPK formulations on top of the compost as the compost been it for the fertility program?   Taylor Jones  19:56  We still do add a little bit, a little bit of NPK but more so calcium, we will have more calcium applications. Especially out in Happy Canyon, we have really high serpentine soils and really bad magnesium problems. So we're always trying to add in gypsum and calcium whenever we can. The Drum Canyon Ranch, not too much of a problem over there we have a problem with potassium uptake. Um, so we do increase our potassium usage they're coming into this year, I think we're really going to reduce based on what we saw last year in terms of vigor and vine health. I mean, our nitrogen applications are going to be really low. Phosphorus, we're always pretty fine on we don't need to use much will probably continue with potassium, but we'll see what petioles looked like this year.   Craig Macmillan  20:40  Well, we're running out of time. Is there one thing that you would tell a grower one piece of advice you'd give to a grower regarding what you've learned from this project?   Taylor Jones  20:49  I mean, the advice is use compost, I think we're we're seeing root zones reaching areas they haven't before where we're using significantly less water, which is just key to farming in California and really in the world going forward. You know, you're you're increasing your CEC or your cation exchange capacity so less nutrients down I mean, you're getting compost is kind of like a win win scenario. The only downside is weeds. Our soils are seem to be returned to normal. We had earthworms returned for the first time since I've been at this ranch. Five different soil pits we found earthworms in which they've never been in before. They're kind of creeping in from the edges, which is awesome. I think we're gonna maybe transition to worm farming.   Craig Macmillan  21:33  (laughs). Where can people find out more about you and what you do?   Speaker 2  21:39  you could always find out. Dierberg and  Star Lane Vineyards, we have Dierbergvineyard.com. Starlanevineyard.com. Otherwise, I kind of just bounced around the Santa Barbara County. I think it always...   Craig Macmillan  21:50  Just like if you're looking if you're looking for him. Just go to Santa Barbara County and drive around a little bit. Yeah. Probably near a vineyard.   Taylor Jones  21:58  Yeah, exactly.   Craig Macmillan  22:00  He has a lot of friends.   Taylor Jones  22:02  But no, yeah, you know, I'm happy if people want to reach out to me. You know, my emails, Taylor taylor@Dierbervineyard.com. Yeah, happy to help people out with applying for grants or if they want to chat or look at some data. I'm always down to see what other people are seeing and compare what we're seeing in our AVA versus another AVA or different grower strategies for compost applications. You know, I think information sharing is the way to go.   Craig Macmillan  22:28  Yeah, totally. Fantastic. Well, Taylor, I just am so happy you could be on the on the podcast, this has really been fun for me.   Taylor Jones  22:35  Thanks for having me.   Craig Macmillan  22:36  This is a topic. It's obviously a hot topic, continuing topic. And I think that the longer that we as an industry have been doing this, because this isn't something that people were doing in the 70s for instance, you know, is this you know, we've all had to learn we've had a compost is not just compost, you need look, the analyses and this rate is not the same as that rate and on the soil does that and the fact that you guys are doing that work along with everybody else and that you're sharing information. I think it's really fantastic. So, thank you so much for your contribution.   Taylor Jones  23:03  Yeah. Thank you.   Craig Macmillan  23:04  So our guest has been Taylor Jones. He is director of viticulture at Star Lane and Dierberg Vineyards in Santa Barbara County.   Transcribed by https://otter.ai

Almanya'da kayıtlı 1,5 milyon seçmenden yaklaşık 733 bini oyunu kullandı. Bu rakam yüzde 48'8'lik bir katılıma tekabül ediyor. İlgi 2018'e göre daha yüksekti. Yurtdışı oylarında yüzde 53 ile genel bir artış var. Özellikle muhalefet kanadının daha motive olduğu gözlendi. Verilen oylar Türkiye'ye nakledilecek ve seçim günü sayılarak ülke geneline dağıtılacak. Almanya'da ve yurtdışında oy kullanma işlemi nasıl geçti? Elmas Topçu son verileri derledi. Türkiye ve Uyum Araştırmaları Merkezi Direktörü Prof. Hacı Halil Uslucan ile, Almanya'daki seçmen tercihinin seçime etkisini konuştuk. Mikrofonda Aydın Işık var. Von Aydin Isik.

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