Podcasts about English Reformation

For centuries, Anne Boleyn has been portrayed as the great seductress of Tudor history, the ambitious woman who bewitched Henry VIII and destroyed his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. But when we examine the evidence, the surviving sources tell a very different story. Henry VIII's own love letters reveal that he pursued Anne relentlessly, writing to her repeatedly and even worrying that she did not return his affection. Anne refused to become the king's mistress and, at times, even withdrew from court to avoid him. In this video, I explore what we actually know about Henry VIII's pursuit of Anne Boleyn: • When the courtship may have begun • The famous love letters Henry wrote to Anne • The gift that may have signalled Anne's acceptance • The terrifying sweating sickness outbreak of 1528 • And the myth that Anne Boleyn deliberately seduced the king This relationship would ultimately lead to the king's Great Matter, the break with Rome, and the English Reformation, transforming the course of English history. #anneboleyn #henryviii #tudorhistory #tudors #englishhistory #britishhistory #history #historyyoutube #reformation #historydocumentary

In this week's episode, I take a historical digression to look at the four major Thomases of the English Reformation - Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer. This coupon code will get you 25% off the ebooks in the Dragonskull series at my Payhip store: QUEST25 The coupon code is valid through March 9 2026. So if you need a new ebook this winter, we've got you covered! TRANSCRIPT 00:00:00 Introduction and Writing Updates Hello, everyone. Welcome to Episode 292 of The Pulp Writer Show. My name is Jonathan Moeller. Today is February 27th, 2026. Today we are taking a digression into history by looking at the four Thomases of the English Reformation (with one bonus Thomas). We'll also have Coupon of the Week and a progress update on my current writing and publishing projects. First up, let's do Coupon of the Week. This week's coupon code will get you 25% off the ebooks in the Dragonskull series at my Payhip store. That coupon code is QUEST25 and as always, the links to the store and the coupon code will be available in the show notes of this episode. This coupon code is valid through March 9th, 2026. So if you need a new ebook this winter, we have got you covered. Now for an update on my current writing, publishing, and audiobook projects. I am very nearly done with Cloak of Summoning. As of this recording, I am 35% of the way through the final editing pass. This episode should be coming out on, let's see, March the 2nd. I'm hoping Cloak of Summoning will be available a few days (hopefully like one or two days) after this episode goes live, but we'll see how things go. In any event, it should be out in very early March, which is not far away at this point. I'm also 14,000 words into Blade of Wraiths, the fourth book in my Blades of Ruin epic fantasy series. Hopefully that will be out in April, if all goes well. That's my secondary project right now, but once it gets promoted to primary project once Cloak of Summoning is available, my new secondary project will be Dragon Mage, which will be the sixth book in the Rivah Half-Elven Thief series. I'm looking forward to that since it is going to bring to an end a lot of ongoing plot threads. So it should be quite a fun book to write and hopefully to read. That should hopefully be out in May or possibly June, depending on how things go. In audiobook news, Cloak of Titans, the audiobook narrated by Hollis McCarthy, should be available in more audiobook stores than it was this time last week, though it's still not on Amazon, Audible, or Apple. Brad Wills is working on recording Blade of Storms and I think the first six chapters are done. Hopefully we should have those audiobooks available to you before too much longer. So that is where I'm at with my current writing, publishing, and audiobook projects. 00:02:18 Main Topic: The Four Thomases of the English Reformation Now without further ado, let's get to our main topic and it's time for another of my favorite topics overall, a digression into obscure points of history. I've mentioned before that Wolf Hall (both the TV show and the book) is a lot easier to understand if you are at least passingly familiar with the key figures of the English Reformation, which happened during the reign of King Henry VIII. But who were these key figures? I had a history professor who said that to understand the English Reformation, you need to know about the four Thomases of the English Reformation: Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer, since each one of them altered events in a major way. Fun fact: only one of the four died from natural causes and right before he was about to go on trial for treason, which would have likely ended with his execution. The English Reformation was a tumultuous time and the Tudor court was not a place for the faint of heart or the morally scrupulous. So let's talk about the four Thomases and one bonus Thomas today. But first to understand them, we should look at three background trends that converged and boiled over during their lifetimes. #1: Henry VIII needs an heir. King Henry VIII was quite famously married six times and executed two of his wives in his quest for a male heir. To the modern era, this sounds odd and chauvinistic, but one of the errors of studying history is assuming that the residents of the past had any interest in 21st century standards of behavior. By the standards of Henry's time, having a male heir to assume the kingdom after his death was absolutely vital. In fact, an argument could be made that Henry was attempting to act responsibly by going to such lengths to father a male heir, though naturally he went about it in a spectacularly destructive and self-absorbed way. Remember, Henry's father, Henry VII, came to the throne after a 30-year civil war, and there were noble families that thought they had a better claim to the throne than Tudors and would be happy to exercise it. A good comparison is that the lack of a male heir for Henry VIII was as serious a crisis as a disputed presidential election in 21st century America would be. You can see evidence for this in Henry's famous jousting accident in 1536. For a few hours, people were certain that he was dead or was about to die, and this incident caused a brief constitutional crisis. If Henry died, who would rule? His daughter, Mary, who he had just declared a bastard? His young daughter Elizabeth from Anne Boleyn? His bastard son, Henry FitzRoy? A regent? One of the old families who thought they had a claim to the throne? Now, these are the sort of questions that tend to get decided by civil wars, which nobody wanted. So Henry needed a male heir and it weighed on him as a personal failure that he had been unable to produce one, which was undoubtedly one of the reasons he concluded that several of his marriages had been cursed by God and needed to be annulled. Though, of course, one of Henry's defining traits was that his self-absorption was such that nothing was ever his fault, but a failing of those around him. #2: The Reformation is here. At the same time Henry was beginning to have his difficulties, the Protestant Reformation exploded across Europe. The reasons for the Reformation were manifold. There was a growing feeling across all levels of society that the church was corrupt and more concerned about money than tending to Christ's flock, a feeling not helped by the fact that several of the 15th and 16th century popes were essentially Renaissance princelings more interested in luxury, money, and expanding the power of the papal states than in anything spiritual. Many bishops, archbishops, abbots, and other high prelates acted the same way. The situation the early 16th century church found itself in was similar to American higher education today. Many modern professors and administrators go about their jobs quietly, competently, and diligently, but if you want to find examples of corruption, folly, and egregious waste in American higher education, you don't have to try very hard. Reformers could easily find manifold examples of clerical and papal corruption to reinforce their arguments. Additionally, nationalism was beginning to develop as a concept, as was the idea of the nation state. People in England, Scotland, Germany, and other countries began to wonder why they were paying tithes to the church that went to build beautiful buildings in Rome and support the lavish lifestyle of the papal court when that money might be better spent at home. For that matter, the anti-clericalism of the Reformation was not new and had time to mature. At the end of the 14th century, Lollardy was a proto-Protestant movement in England that challenged clerical power. In the early 15th century, the Hussite wars in Bohemia following the teachings of Jan Hus were a preview of the greater Reformation to come. Papal authority had been severely damaged by the Great Schism at the end of the 14th and the start of the 15th century when two competing popes (later expanded to three) all tried to excommunicate each other and claim control of the church. In the aftermath, Renaissance Humanists had begun suggesting that only the Bible was the proper source and guide for Christianity, and that papal authority and many of the church's practices were merely human traditions that had been added later and were not ordained by God. A lot of the arguments of the Reformation had their earliest form from the writers of the 15th century. Essentially, the central argument of the Reformation was that the believer's personal relationship with God is the important part of Christianity and doesn't need to be mediated through ordained priests in the official sacraments of the church, though such things were still important. Of course, all the various reformers disagreed with each other about just how important and what the nature of that relationship was, how many sacraments there should be, and what the precise relationship between the individual, the church, and the state should be (and that argument got entangled with many other issues like nationalism), but that was a central crux of the Reformation. So all these competing pressures have been building up, and when Martin Luther posted his statements for debate on church reform in October of 1517, it was the equivalent of lighting a match in a barn that had been stuffed full of sawdust and was suffering from a natural gas leak. #3: The printing press. So why did Luther's action kick off the Reformation as we know it and not the other proto-Protestant movements we mentioned? I think the big part of that is the printing pass, perhaps the biggest part. The printing press did not exist during the early proto-Protestant movements, which meant it was a lot harder for the ideas of reform to spread quickly. The Lollards in particular wanted to translate the Bible into English instead of Latin, but the Bible is a big book and that is a lot of copying to do by hand. In 1539, after a lot of encouragement from Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII decreed that an English Bible should be placed at every church in England. In 1339, that would have been an impossible amount of copying by scribes. In 1539, thanks to the printing press, it was essentially on the scale of the government embarking on a mid-sized industrial project, perhaps a bit of a logistical and organizational challenge and you have to deal with contractors, but by no means impossible. The printing press made it possible for the various arguments and pamphlets of the Reformers to spread quickly throughout Europe. Luther published tracts on a variety of religious and political topics for the rest of his life, and those tracks were copied, printed, and sold throughout Europe. In fact, he had something of a flame war with Thomas More over Henry VIII's "Defense of the Seven Sacraments". Kings and governments frequently tried to suppress printers they didn't like, but the cat was out of the bag and the printing press helped drive the Reformation by spreading its ideas faster than had previously been possible. AI bros occasionally compare modern large language model AIs to the printing press as an irreversible technological advancement, but one should note that the printing press of the 16th century did not require an entire US state's worth of electricity and an unlimited supply of water. So those were some of the undercurrents and trends leading up to the English Reformation. With that in mind, let's take a look at our four Thomases. #1: Thomas Wolsey. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was Henry's right hand man during the first 20 years of his reign and essentially the practical ruler of England during that time. He started his career in Henry's reign as the almoner, essentially in charge of charity, and it ended up becoming the Lord Chancellor of England. Since Henry was not super interested in actually doing the hard work of government, Wolsey ended up essentially running the country while Henry turned his full enthusiasm towards the more ceremonial aspects of kingship. Wolsey was an example of the kind of early 16th Century church prelate we mentioned above, more of a Renaissance princeling than a priest. However, as Renaissance princelings went, you could do worse than to have been ruled by someone like Wolsey. And if you were a king, you would be blessed to have a lieutenant as diligent in his work as the Cardinal. Granted, Wolsey did amass a large fortune for himself, but he frequently patronized the arts, education and the poor, pursued some governmental reforms, and deftly maintained England's position in the turbulent diplomacy of the time. He was also much more forgiving in questions of religious dissent than someone like Thomas More. Wolsey was the most powerful man in England at his apex, and the nobility hated it for him because his origins were common. So long as he had Henry's favor, Wolsey was untouchable and the nobility couldn't move against him. But the royal favor came to an end as Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was unable to produce a son. Since Catherine had previously (and briefly) been married to his older brother Arthur before Arthur's death, Henry became convinced (or succeeded in convincing himself) that his marriage was cursed by God for violating the prohibition against sleeping with your brother's wife in the book of Leviticus. His eye had already fallen on Anne Boleyn and Henry wanted an annulment and not a divorce in his marriage with Catherine. In the eyes of God, he would never have been married at all, and then he could marry Anne Boleyn with a clear conscience. Here, Wolsey's gift for diplomacy failed him, but perhaps it was an impossible task. Catherine of Aragon was the aunt of Emperor Charles V, who at the time was the most powerful man in Christendom. All of Wolseley's efforts to persuade the pope to annul the marriage failed, partly because the pope had already given Henry VIII dispensation to marry his brother's widow. Wolsey's failure eroded his support with the king. Anne Boleyn likewise hated Wolsey partly because she believed he was hindering the annulment, and partly because he had blocked her from marrying the Earl of Northumberland years before she had her eyes set upon Henry. Finally, Henry stripped Wolsey of his office of Lord Chancellor, and Wolsey retired to York to take up his role as archbishop there. Wolsey's popularity threatened Henry and Anne, so Henry summoned him back to London to face treason charges. Perhaps fortunately for Wolsey, he died of natural causes on the journey back to London. His replacement as Lord Chancellor was Thomas More, the next of our major for Thomases. #2: Thomas More. More was an interesting contrast-a Renaissance Humanist who remained a staunch Catholic, even though Renaissance Humanists in general tended towards proto-Protestantism or actual Protestantism. He was also in some ways oddly progressive for his time. He insisted on educating his daughters at a time was considered pointless to educate women about anything other than the practical business of household management. Anyway, More's training as a lawyer and a scholar led him to a career in government. He held a variety of posts under Henry VIII, finally rising to become the Lord Chancellor after Wolsey. In the first decades of his brain, Henry was staunchly Catholic and despised Protestantism, in particular, Lutheranism in general and Martin Luther in particular. In 1521, Henry published "Defense of the Seven Sacraments" against Luther, and More helped him write it to an unknown degree. In their dislike for all forms of Protestantism, More and Henry were in harmony at this point. More was involved in hunting down heretics (i.e. Protestants) and trying to convince them to recant. During his time as the Lord Chancellor, More ended up sending six people to be burned at the stake for heresy, along with the arrest and interrogations of numerous others. This rather clashes with his "humanist man of letters" aspect, but More was undoubtedly convinced he was doing the right thing. And while he might have believed in education, he most definitely did not believe in freedom of conscience in several areas. To be fair to More, in the view of many at the time, Protestants, especially Anabaptists, were dangerous radicals. Likely More viewed hunting heretics in the same way as some modern politicians view hunting down covert terrorist cells or surveilling potential domestic terrorists. Harsh measures true, but harsh measures allegedly necessary for the greater good of the nation. However, the concord between More and Henry would not last. Henry wanted to set aside Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, which More staunchly opposed. More especially opposed Henry breaking away from Rome and becoming head of an independent English Church. At first, More was able to save himself by maintaining his silence, but eventually Henry required all of his subjects take an oath affirming his status as head of the church. Thomas Cromwell famously led a deputation to try and change More's mind, but he failed. More refused, he was tried on specious treason charges, and beheaded in 1535. Later, the Catholic church declared him the patron saint of politicians. This might seem odd given that he oversaw executions and essentially did thought police stuff against Protestants, but let's be honest-it's rare to see a politician even mildly inconvenience himself over a point of principle, let alone maintain it until death when he was given every possible chance to change his mind. Probably the most famous fictional portrayals of More are A Man For All Seasons and Wolf Hall. I would say that A Man For All Seasons was far too generous to More, but Wolf Hall was too harsh. #3: Now for the third of our four Thomases, Thomas Cromwell. After Wolsey's fall and More's refusal to support Henry's desire to either annul his marriage to Catherine or to make himself head with the church so he couldn't annul the marriage, Thomas Cromwell rose become Henry's new chief lieutenant. Cromwell is both a fascinating but divisive figure. For a long time, he was cast as the villain in Thomas More's saga, but Hillary Mantel's Wolf Hall really triggered a popular reevaluation of him. Like A Man For All Seasons was too generous to More, I would say Wolf Hall was too generous to Cromwell. Nonetheless, I suspect Cromwell was and remained so divisive because he was so effective. He got things done on a scale that the other three Thomases of the English Reformation never quite managed. Cromwell's origins are a bit obscure. It seems he was either of non-noble birth or very low gentry birth and his father Walter Cromwell was a local prosperous tradesman in a jack of all trades with a reputation for litigiousness. For reasons that are unclear, Cromwell fled his birthplace and spent some time in continental Europe, possibly as a mercenary soldier. He eventually made his way to Italy and started working for the merchant families there, gaining knowledge of trade in the law, and then traveled to the Low Countries. When he returned to England, he became Cardinal Wolsey's right hand man. After Wolsey's fall, Cromwell went into Parliament and defended his master whenever possible. This loyalty combined with his significant talent for law and administration caught the eye of Henry and he swiftly became Henry's right-hand man. Amusingly, Cromwell never became Lord Chancellor like More or Wolsey, but instead accumulated many lesser offices that essentially allowed him to carry out Henry's directives as he saw a fit. Unlike More and Wolsey, Cromwell had strong Protestant leanings and he encouraged the king to break away from the Catholic Church and take control of the English Church as its supreme head. Henry did so. His marriage to Catherine of Aragon was nulled. The rest of Europe never accepted this until Catherine died of illness and it became a moot point. In 1533, he married Anne Boleyn. Like Cromwell, Anne had a strong Protestant bent and began encouraging reformers to take various offices and began pushing Henley to make more reforms than he was really comfortable doing. For example, Cromwell was one of the chief drivers behind the English Bible of 1539. This, combined with Anne's inability to give Henry a son, contributed to Anne's downfall. Unlike Catherine, she was willing to argue with Henry to his face and was unwilling to look the other way when he wanted a mistress, and this eventually got on Henry's nerves. Events are a bit murky, but it seems that Henry ordered Cromwell to find a way he could set aside Anne and Cromwell complied. Various men, including her own brother, were coerced and confessing to adultery with Anne on charges that were most likely fabricated and Anne's "lovers" and Anne herself were executed for treason in 1536. Cromwell had successfully used a technique that many modern secret police organizations and dictatorships employ- if you want to get rid of someone for whatever reason, accuse them of a serious crime, coerce them to a confession, and then have them executed. Joseph Stalin did basically the same thing when he purged the Old Bolsheviks after Lenin's death. Henry married Jane Seymour shortly after Anne's execution, and she finally gave Henry his long-waited son, though she died soon afterwards of postpartum complications. Cromwell also oversaw the dissolution of the English monasteries in the 1530s. Monasticism had become quite unpopular even before the Reformation, especially among humanist writers. The concentration of property in the hands of monasteries made for a ripe target. Using Parliament and with Henry's approval, the monasteries of England were dissolved, the monks and nuns pensioned off, and the various rich properties held by the monasteries were given to the king and his friends. Cromwell himself profited handsomely. This was essentially legalized theft, but there was nothing the monasteries could do about it. Cromwell pushed for more religious reforms, but that combined with the dissolution of the monasteries caused "The Pilgrimage of Grace" in 1537, a rebellion that Henry was able to put down through a combination of lies, stalling, outright bribery, and brutal repression under the Duke of Norfolk (more about him later). Cromwell was at the zenith of his power and influence, but his reformist bent and made him a lot of enemies. For that matter, Henry was increasingly uncomfortable with further religious changes. He wanted to be head of his own church, but essentially his own Catholic Church, not his own Reformed or Lutheran one. Cromwell's alignment with the reform cause gave his more traditionalist enemies a tool to use against him. Cromwell's foes had their chance in 1540 when Henry married his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. Cromwell had heavily pushed for the match, hoping to make an alliance with the Protestant princes of Germany against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor. For whatever reason, Henry took an immediate dislike to Anne and never consummated the marriage, which was swiftly annulled and Anne pensioned off. Henry blamed Cromwell for the failed marriage and Cromwell's enemies, particularly Duke of Norfolk and Bishop Gardiner of Winchester, were able to convince Henry to move against him. Cromwell was arrested, stripped of all the titles and property he had amassed, and executed in July of 1540. The sort of legal railroading process he had born against Anne Boleyn's alleged lovers and numerous other enemies of Henry's was used against him. This was one of the very few executions Henry ever regretted. Within a year, the French ambassador reported that Henry was raging that his counselors had misled him into putting to death the most faithful servant he had ever had. Once again, nothing was ever Henry's fault in his own mind. The fact that Henry allowed Cromwell's son Gregory to become a baron and inherit some of his father's land shows that he likely changed his mind about the execution. For once in his life, Henry was dead on accurate when he called Cromwell his "most faithful servant". He never again found a lieutenant with Cromwell's loyalty and skill. The remaining seven years of Henry's reign blundered from setback to setback and all the money Henry obtained from the dissolution of the monasteries was squandered in indecisive wars with France and Scotland. I think it's fair to say that the English Reformation would not have taken the course it did, if not for Cromwell. As ruthless and as unscrupulous as he could be, he nonetheless did seem to really believe in the principles of religious reform and push such policies whenever he could do so without drawing Henry's ire. #4: Now the fourth of our four major Thomases, Thomas Cranmer. If Thomas Cromwell did a lot of the political work of the English Reformation, then Thomas Cranmer wrote a lot of its theory. Cranmer was a scholar and something of a gentle-minded man, but not a very skillful politician. He seemed happy to leave the politicking to Cromwell. I think Cranmer would have been a lot happier as a Lutheran pastor in say, 1950s rural Nebraska. He could have married a farmer's daughter, had a bunch of kids, and presided at weddings, funerals, and baptisms where he could talk earnestly about Jesus and Christian virtues, and he probably would have written a few books on obscure theological points. But instead, Cranmer was destined to play a significant part in the English Reformation. He started as a priest and a scholar who got in trouble for marrying, but when his wife died in childbirth, he went back to the priesthood. Later, he became part of the team of scholars and priests working to get Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. While he was at university and later in the priesthood, he became fascinated by Lutheran ideas and became a proponent of reform. As with Cromwell, Henry's desire to marry Anne Boleyn gave Cranmer his great opportunity. Anne's family were also in favor of reform, and they arranged for Cranmer to become the new Archbishop of Canterbury. The new archbishop and the like- minded clerics and scholars laid the legal and theological groundwork for Henry to break with Rome and become head of the English church with Cranmer and the rest of the reform faction wanted to be used to push for additional church reforms. He survived the tumults of Henry's reign by total loyalty to the king – he mourned Anne Boleyn, but didn't oppose her execution (though he was one of the few who mourned for her publicly), did much the same when Cromwell was executed, and personally sent news of Catherine Howard's adultery to the king. Because of that, Cranmer had a great chance to pursue the cause of reform when Henry died and his 12-year-old son Edward VI became King. Edward's uncle Edward Seymour acted as the head of the King's regency council, and Seymour and his allies were in favor of reform. Cranmer was at last able to steer the English church in the direction of serious reform, and he was directly responsible for writing the Book of Common Prayer and several other key documents of the early Anglican church. But Cranmer's of luck ran out in 1553 when Edward VI died. Cranmer was part of the group that tried to put the Protestant Lady Jane Grey on the throne, but Henry's daughter Mary instead took the crown. Mary had never really wavered from her Catholicism despite immense pressure to do so, and she had last had a chance to do something about it. She immediately brought England back to Rome and started prosecuting prominent reform leaders, Cranmer among them. Cranmer was tried for treason and heresy and sentenced to be burned, but that was to be commuted if he recanted his views in public during a sermon, which he did. However, at the last minute, he thunderously denounced his previous recantation, asserted his reformist faith, and vowed that he would thrust the hand that signed the recantation into the flames first. Cranmer was immediately taken to be burned at the stake, and just as he promised, he thrust his hand into the flames, and his last word is that he saw heaven opening and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. Cranmer had spent much of his life trying to appease Henry while pushing as much reform as possible, but in his final moments, he had finally found his defiance. When Mary died and Elizabeth took the throne, she returned England to Protestantism. Elizabeth was much more pragmatic than her half siblings and her father ever were, so she chose the most expedient choice of simply rolling the English church back to as it was during Edward VI's time. Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer and religious articles, lightly edited for Elizabeth's sensibilities, became the foundational documents of the Anglican church. So these four Thomases, Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer were central to the events of the English Reformation. However, we have one bonus Thomas yet. Bonus Thomas: Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Howard was a powerful nobleman during the reign of Henry, and the Duke of Norfolk was frequently Henry's lieutenant in waging various wars and putting down rebellions. He was also the uncle of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, Henry's second and fifth queens. He was also involved in nearly every major event of Henry's reign. So with all that, why isn't Norfolk as remembered as well as the other four Thomases of the English Reformation? Sometimes a man would be considered virtuous by the standards of the medieval or early modern age, yet reprehensible in ours. For example, for much of the Middle Ages, crusading was considered an inherently virtuous act for a knight, whereas in the modern age, it would be condemned as war mongering with a religious veneer. However, by both modern standards and Tudor standards, Thomas Howard was a fairly odious character. For all their flaws and the morally questionable things they did, Wolsey, More, Cromwell, and Cranmer were all men of conviction in their own ways. More and Cranmer explicitly died with their faith. Cromwell's devotion to the Protestant cause got him killed since he insisted on the Anne of Cleves match. Even Wolsey, for all that he enriched himself, was a devoted servant of Henry after his downfall never betrayed the king. By contrast, Norfolk was out for Norfolk. This wasn't unusual for Tudor nobleman, but Norfolk took it to a new level of grasping venality. He made sure that his daughter was married to Henry's bastard son, Henry FitzRoy, just in case FitzRoy ended up becoming king. He used both his nieces, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard, to gain power and lands for himself, and then immediately turned against him once he became politically expedient. In fact, he presided over the trial where Anne Boleyn was sentenced to death. After the failure of the Anne of Cleve's marriage, Norfolk made sure to bring his young niece Catherine Howard to court to catch Henry's eye, and to use the Anne of Cleve's annulment as a lever to get rid of Thomas Cromwell. Both stratagems worked, and he attempted to leverage being the new Queen's uncle to bring himself to new power and riches, as he had with Anne Boleyn. Once Henry turned on Catherine Howard, Norfolk characteristically and swiftly threw his niece under the bus. However, as Henry aged, he grew increasingly paranoid and vindictive, and he had Norfolk arrested and sentenced to death on suspicion of treason. Before the execution could be carried out, Henry died, and Norfolk spent the six years of Edward VI's reign as a prisoner in the Tower of London. When Edward died and Mary took the throne, she released Norfolk since she was Catholic and Norfolk had always been a religious traditionalist suspicious of reform. He spent the remaining year of his life as one of Mary's chief advisors before finally dying of old age. As I often say, history can be a rich source of inspiration for fantasy writers, and the English Reformation is full of such inspiration. Wolsey, More, Cromwell, and Cranmer can all make excellent inspirations for morally ambiguous characters. For that matter, you can see why the reign of Henry VIII has inspired so many movies, TV shows, and historical novels. The real life events are so dramatic as to scarcely require embellishment. So that's it for this week. Thank you for listening to The Pulp Writer Show and thank you for listening as I went on one of my little historical digressions. I hope you found the show enjoyable. A reminder that you can listen to all the back episodes on https://thepulpwritershow.com. If you enjoyed the podcast, please leave a review on your podcasting platform of choice. Stay safe and stay healthy, and we'll see you all next week.

fWotD Episode 3218: The Voices of Morebath Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia's finest articles.The featured article for Wednesday, 25 February 2026, is The Voices of Morebath.The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village is a 2001 non-fiction history book by the Irish historian of British Christianity Eamon Duffy and published by Yale University Press about Morebath, England, during the English Reformation of the 16th century. Using the detailed churchwarden's accounts maintained by Sir Christopher Trychay, the vicar of Morebath's parish, Duffy recounts the religious and social implications of the Reformation in a small conservative Catholic community through the reign of Henry VIII, during the violent 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion, and into the Elizabethan era. Trychay's accounts – first reprinted in 1904 – had been used in other scholarly works and were first encountered by Duffy during research for his 1992 The Stripping of the Altars on pre-Reformation English religion. The Voices of Morebath depicts both Morebath and Trychay through their strong early resistance to the Reformation to their eventual adoption of new religious norms under the Protestant Elizabethan Religious Settlement.The Voices of Morebath was praised for its coverage of ecclesiastical and secular parochial matters, particularly its personal treatment of Trychay. It drew criticism for instances where examples from Morebath are used to comment on broader subjects. Other reviewers commented that Duffy conceded the limitations of a local source. Though popular, some reviewers appraised the book as overly complex for the broad audience it had been written and marketed towards. In 2002, The Voices of Morebath won Duffy the Hawthornden Prize and the book was shortlisted for both the Samuel Johnson Prize and British Academy Book Prize.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:08 UTC on Wednesday, 25 February 2026.For the full current version of the article, see The Voices of Morebath on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Niamh.

By Ashley Null

A pendant linked to Catherine of Aragon has reportedly been discovered — and it's more than just Tudor jewellery. It's a window into one of the most dramatic marriages in English history, the break with Rome, and the personal cost of power.In this episode of Mark and Pete, we explore the significance of a newly identified Tudor pendant associated with Henry VIII's first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Was it a romantic gift? A royal emblem? A symbol of legitimacy? Or a silent witness to the collapse of a marriage that changed the course of England forever?Catherine of Aragon was not merely a discarded queen. She was a Spanish princess, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, regent of England during Henry's campaigns, and a woman of formidable intelligence and deep Catholic faith. Her refusal to accept Henry's annulment triggered the English Reformation and the establishment of the Church of England under royal supremacy.We examine how Henry VIII used Scripture to justify his desire for a male heir, how the Tudor court turned marriage into political theatre, and how Catherine's dignity in exile reshaped the moral narrative of the Reformation. The discovery of a Catherine of Aragon pendant invites fresh discussion about Tudor history, royal authority, marriage, conscience, and the abuse of power.With Mark's poetic reflections and Pete's Christian commentary, this episode asks: what happens when rulers bend truth to serve appetite? And what does this Tudor drama teach modern Britain about covenant, leadership, and integrity?This is history, faith, politics, and cultural reflection — all wrapped in one small piece of gold.Topics include: Catherine of Aragon pendant, Henry VIII marriage crisis, Tudor England, English Reformation, Church of England origins, royal divorce, Catholic vs Protestant history, biblical marriage, power and conscience, British history podcast.

What is the Book of Common Prayer, and why is it central to Anglican worship? This edition of Ask the Church traces its origins to the English Reformation, when Thomas Cranmer translated and revised the Church's liturgy into English so the people could fully participate. It explains how the Prayer Book preserves inherited Christian worship while rooting it deeply in Scripture. Listen to learn how praying in common shapes what we believe and how we live.

Anne Boleyn myths destroyed live at Katherine of Aragon FestivalRecorded live at the Katherine of Aragon Festival, this special episode of History Rage sees host Paul Bavill joined on stage by Owen Emerson (Assistant Curator, Hever Castle) and Alfred Hawkins (Curator, Tower of London) to challenge the biggest myths surrounding Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII and Tudor England.Anne Boleyn remains one of the most mythologised figures in British history. Was she a ruthless schemer? A Protestant heroine? A tragic innocent? Owen Emerson argues that much of what we “know” about Anne was shaped by Victorian historians. Far from being a woman without substance, she was highly educated, shaped by Renaissance France, politically aware and deeply engaged in religious reform — though not the architect of the English Reformation.The panel explores:Anne Boleyn's relationship with Catherine of AragonWhether Anne pursued Henry VIII — or resisted himThe political reality behind the Break with RomeThe truth about her execution and burialWhy we don't actually know what most ordinary people thought of herAlfred Hawkins also tackles a major misconception: the idea that the Tower of London is simply a grim execution site. While Anne's death looms large, the Tower was a royal palace, administrative hub, armoury, archive and community for centuries. Reducing it to a Tudor “theatre of death” ignores over 1,000 years of English history.This live discussion is packed with Tudor historiography, debates about historical “expertise”, the limits placed on queenship, and why applying modern labels to early modern women can distort more than it clarifies.If you're interested in Anne Boleyn, Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII, the English Reformation, Tudor queens, or the Tower of London, this episode restores complexity to one of the most dramatic periods in British history.Guest DetailsOwen Emerson Assistant Curator, Hever Castle Visit: https://www.hevercastle.co.ukAlfred Hawkins Curator, Tower of London Visit: https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-londonFollow & Support History Rage

Tyler considers Diarmaid MacCulloch one of those rare historians whose entire body of work rewards reading. This work includes his award-winning Cranmer biography, his sweeping histories of Christianity and the Reformation, and his latest on sex and the church, which demonstrates what MacCulloch calls the historian's true vocation: unsettling settled facts to keep humanity sane. Tyler and Diarmaid explore whether monotheism correlates with monogamy, Christianity's early instinct towards egalitarianism, what the Eucharistic revolution reveals about the cathedral building boom, the role of Mary in Christianity and Islam, where Michel Foucault went wrong on sexuality, the significance of the clerical family replacing the celibate monk, why Elizabeth I—not Henry VIII—mattered most for the English Reformation, why English Renaissance music began so brilliantly but then needed to start importing Germans, whether Christianity needs hell to survive, what MacCulloch plans to do next, and more. Read a full transcript enhanced with helpful links, or watch the full video on the new dedicated Conversations with Tyler channel. Recorded October 29th, 2025. This episode was made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation. Other ways to connect Follow us on X and Instagram Follow Tyler on X Sign up for our newsletter Join our Discord Email us: cowenconvos@mercatus.gmu.edu Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts here. Image Credit: Barry Jones

What if Anne Boleyn had agreed to become Henry VIII's mistress instead of his queen? This thought experiment explores how a single private decision might have altered the English Reformation, the fate of Catherine of Aragon and Princess Mary, and the course of Tudor history itself without catastrophe. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Why was King Henry VIII excommunicated, and was it really just about divorce? In this episode of FACTS, we examine the full historical record behind Henry VIII's break with Rome—from his marriages and annulment request to the final papal sentence issued by Pope Paul III.This episode covers: • Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and the papal dispensation • Why Pope Clement VII never granted the annulment • How royal supremacy, not marriage alone, caused the schism • Rome's repeated warnings and delayed judgment • The bull of excommunication issued by Pope Paul III in 1538Drawing on primary sources and early modern papal records, Stephen Boyce and Pat May challenge the claim that Henry VIII was never truly excommunicated or that the English Reformation began as a theological reform. Instead, it shows how questions of authority, jurisdiction, and ecclesiology shaped the break with Rome.#HenryVIII #PopePaulIII #Excommunication #BreakWithRome #EnglishReformationIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Matthew 2:1-12 "Epiphany: the Manifestation of the King"Series: Guest Speakers Speaker: Joey RoyalMessiah DowntownDate: 4th January 2026-------------------Guest Speaker: Joey Royal Matthew 2:1-12 "Epiphany: the Manifestation of the King"Jan 4, 2026Sermon Notes: Ephesians 3:1-12 Matthew 2:1-12The gospel gives us a person, not a systemThe gospel is a manifestation, not a reward The gospel requires a choice between worship and hostility Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donate Web: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Matthew 1:18-25 "Living into God's Story"Series: Guest Speakers Speaker: NathanMessiah DowntownDate: 28th December 2025Passage: Matthew 1:18-25-------------------Guest Speaker: Nathan Matthew 1:18-25 "Living into God's Story" December 28, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

John 1:1-14 "Jesus is Fully God, Fully Human, One Person. Alleluia!"Series: Christmas 2025 Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 25th December 2025-------------------Christmas Day John 1:1-14 "Jesus is Fully God, Fully Human, One Person. Alleluia!" December 25, 2025In this sermon George will play four mini-movies, one of which has no dialogue. If you want to see the mini-movies, here are the links in order:https://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/162416/a-nativity-story--the-child?_gl=1*hky65f*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWhttps://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/163621/the-story-of-christmas?_gl=1*10r8yt4*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWhttps://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/163872/o-come-holy-night?_gl=1*hky65f*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWhttps://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/163713/wonder-from-bethlehem-christmas-intro?_gl=1*10r8yt4*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWSermon Notes: The Universe declares the glory of God, so you can laughIn a world of countless religions and spiritualities, only the Triune God can be the God who is love.Baby Jesus, from the moment of His conception onward, was fully God, fully human, yet one person. Human frailty is never a barrier for the Triune God to work! Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition. WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donate Web: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Luke 2:1-7 "The True God is Humble"Series: Christmas 2025 Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 24th December 2025Passage: Luke 2:1-7-------------------Christmas Eve Luke 2:1-7 "The True God is Humble" December 24, 2025In this sermon George will play four mini-movies, one of which has no dialogue. If you want to see the mini-movies, here are the links in order:https://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/162416/a-nativity-story--the-child?_gl=1*hky65f*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWhttps://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/163872/o-come-holy-night?_gl=1*hky65f*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWhttps://www.worshiphousemedia.com/mini-movies/163621/the-story-of-christmas?_gl=1*10r8yt4*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=CjwKCAiAjc7KBhBvEiwAE2BDOVsv75nlewkXzCUpARBdF-kncQV3mnFkDVdszPr0gvlmkV32lQbhgBoCg80QAvD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAAD_Jvdaj4dl7bzo1CIOFco2Nk6lyWSermon Notes: The nativity of Jesus was a day of solemnity and hilarity. Luke quietly juxtaposes pagan earthly power with the power of the Triune God.The shocking, mind blowing, revelation of the humility of the true God. The melody of humility in the Good News. Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition. WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donate Web: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Luke 2:22-32 "Consolation: The Undeserved Prize"Series: Songs of The Saviour Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 21st December 2025Passage: Luke 2:25-35-------------------Songs of the Saviour Luke 2:22-32 "Consolation: The Undeserved Prize" December 21, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Did you know the English Reformation didn't just reshape churches and doctrine… it quietly transformed Christmas itself? In today's Tudor Christmas Advent episode, I explore how Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I each left their mark on the festive season - sometimes dramatically, sometimes subtly, and sometimes in ways we might not expect. What happened to the old medieval traditions? Why did some customs disappear while others survived untouched? And how did the Tudors balance faith, festivity, and reform at the most important season of the year? This is the story of a Christmas in transition, a holiday caught between devotion, celebration, and religious revolution. Question for you: If you'd lived in Tudor England, would you have kept the old customs, reformed them gently, or stripped them back entirely? Don't forget to like, subscribe, and click the bell for more Tudor Christmas history every day this Advent! #TudorChristmas #TudorHistory #Reformation #HenryVIII #ElizabethI #EdwardVI #MaryI #HistoryYouTube #AnneBoleynFiles #ChristmasHistory #EarlyModernHistory #12DaysOfChristmas

Luke 2:8-14 "Gloria in Excelsis Deo!"Series: Songs of The Saviour Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 14th December 2025Passage: Luke 2:8-14-------------------Songs of the Saviour Luke 2:8-14 "Gloria in Excelsis Deo!" December 14, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Why did England's Reformation begin with a king's divorce rather than a theologian's protest? In this episode of MARSCAST, Dr. Alan Strange guides us through the fascinating and tumultuous story of how England broke from Rome, not primarily for doctrinal reasons, but through political upheaval. From Henry VIII's quest for a male heir to the brief but transformative reign of the boy king Edward VI, from the brutal persecutions under "Bloody Mary" to Elizabeth's controversial middle way, the English Reformation took a path unlike anything seen on the Continent. Along the way, we'll learn how these religious and political shifts gave rise to the Puritan movement and ultimately shaped the various groups that would later settle in America.

Why did England's Reformation begin with a king's divorce rather than a theologian's protest? In this episode of MARSCAST, Dr. Alan Strange guides us through the fascinating and tumultuous story of how England broke from Rome, not primarily for doctrinal reasons, but through political upheaval. From Henry VIII's quest for a male heir to the brief but transformative reign of the boy king Edward VI, from the brutal persecutions under "Bloody Mary" to Elizabeth's controversial middle way, the English Reformation took a path unlike anything seen on the Continent. Along the way, we'll learn how these religious and political shifts gave rise to the Puritan movement and ultimately shaped the various groups that would later settle in America.

What are the Thirty–Nine Articles of Religion, and why do they matter for Anglicans today? In this edition of Ask the Church, we seek to explain how the Articles emerged during the English Reformation to address key theological questions and how they continue to serve as an authoritative statement of Anglican belief. Although not a complete confession of faith, the Articles—together with Scripture, the Creeds, the liturgy, and the Ordinal—form a central part of Anglican doctrine.

Luke 1:68-79 "The Benedictus"Series: Songs of The Saviour Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 7th December 2025Passage: Luke 1:68-79-------------------Songs of the Saviour Luke 1:68-79 "The Benedictus" December 7, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Luke 1:46–55 "Magnify the Lord!"Series: Songs of The Saviour Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 30th November 2025Passage: Luke 1:46-55-------------------Songs of the Saviour Luke 1:46–55 "Magnify the Lord!" November 30, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Ecclesiastes 12:9–14 "Fear God and Keep His Commands"Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 23rd November 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 12:9-14-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 12:9–14 "Fear God and Keep His Commands" November 23, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Want to reach out to us? Want to leave a comment or review? Want to give us a suggestion or berate Anthony? Send us a text by clicking this link!Power rarely moves quietly, and our tour through the English Reformation proves it. We start with a young, athletic Henry VIII whose dynastic panic collided with fragile Tudor legitimacy and recent civil war. From Wolsey's velvet control to Cromwell's hard-edged dissolution of the monasteries, the story isn't a popular uprising against Rome—it's a top-down refit of a living church under the pressure of succession, money, and law.Zooming out, Europe hums with end-times energy: printing stokes polemics, the sack of Rome shatters illusions, and theological debates double as statecraft. We revisit Mary I without the propaganda haze—her measured governance, her duty to crush rebellion, and the way her reign got rewritten by enemies. Then Elizabeth I tightens the bolts: supremacy oaths, recusancy fines, and an intelligence apparatus that turns conscience into evidence. The result is a church that keeps the silhouette of altars while changing the crown above them.Underground Catholicism adapts with nerve and nuance. Jesuit missions like Edmund Campion's draw hard lines, house chapels encode the Mass into Byrd's music, and priest holes become the country's hidden cathedrals. We unpack the Gunpowder Plot as either interception or invention and track how it cements “Catholic equals treason” in the English mind. From Laudian “beauty of holiness” to the civil war backlash, from Jacobite hopes to the Quebec Act and Wellington's push for emancipation, we follow the long arc that shaped modern Britain—and its American echo in how nations sacralize power. Subscribe, share this episode with a history-loving friend, and tell us: which Tudor moment most changed your view of the Reformation?Support the showTake advantage of great Catholic red wines by heading over to https://recusantcellars.com/ and using code "BASED" for 10% off at checkout!********************************************************Please subscribe! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKsxnv80ByFV4OGvt_kImjQ?sub_confirmation=1https://www.avoidingbabylon.comMerchandise: https://avoiding-babylon-shop.fourthwall.comLocals Community: https://avoidingbabylon.locals.comFull Premium/Locals Shows on Audio Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1987412/subscribeRSS Feed for Podcast Apps: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1987412.rssRumble: https://rumble.com/c/AvoidingBabylon

Ecclesiastes 11:1–12:8 "Remember your Creator"Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 16th November 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 11:1-12:8-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 11:1–12:8 "Remember your Creator" November 16, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Ecclesiastes 9:1-18 "Counterintuitive Good News"Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 9th November 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 9:1-18-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 9:1-18 "Counterintuitive Good News" November 9, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Today on the Christian History Almanac, we remember "another" 5th of November and its role in the English Reformation settlement. Show Notes: Germany / Switzerland - Study Tour  Support 1517 Podcast Network 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education What's New from 1517: Untamed Prayers: 365 Daily Devotions on Christ in the Book of Psalms by Chad Bird https://www.amazon.com/Untamed-Prayers-Devotions-Christ-Psalms/dp/1964419263 Remembering Your Baptism: A 40-Day Devotional by Kathryn Morales https://shop.1517.org/collections/new-releases/products/9781964419039-remembering-your-baptism Sinner Saint by Luke Kjolhaug https://shop.1517.org/products/9781964419152-sinner-saint The Impossible Prize: A Theology of Addiction by Donavan Riley https://shop.1517.org/products/9781962654708-the-impossible-prize More from the hosts: Dan van Voorhis SHOW TRANSCRIPTS are available: https://www.1517.org/podcasts/the-christian-history-almanac CONTACT: CHA@1517.org SUBSCRIBE: Apple Podcasts Spotify Stitcher Overcast Google Play FOLLOW US: Facebook Twitter Audio production by Christopher Gillespie (outerrimterritories.com).

This is the third and final message of a three-part series on the English Reformation with a particular focus on the life, contribution, and martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), Archbishop of Canterbury.

One of the most well-known reformers of all time, whose name is nearly synonymous with reform, is Josiah, king of Judah. The events that God providentially brought about during his reign remarkably testify to the sovereign grace and power of God to achieve reform in and through His people. This sermon celebrates several key patterns of reform demonstrated in the reign of Josiah. Its occasion commemorates God's providential grace in the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. It uses key highlights and features of the English Reformation to illustrate one of the foundational principles of reform, namely truth over tradition.

Matthew 9:1-8 "The Authority of Jesus over all forms of Paralysis"Series: Guest Speakers Speaker: Joey RoyalMessiah DowntownDate: 26th October 2025Passage: Matthew 9:1-8-------------------Guest Speaker: Joey Royal Matthew 9:1-8 "The Authority of Jesus over all forms of Paralysis" Oct 26, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

He was handsome, charming, and one of Henry VIII's most trusted courtiers, until he fell from grace with Queen Catherine Howard. But whispers survive of a darker story: an accusation of violence, a royal pardon, and a crime that seemed to vanish from the record. Was Thomas Culpeper guilty of a shocking offence, and did Henry VIII himself protect him from justice?   Or was this just dangerous Tudor gossip, muddled by the existence of two Thomas Culpepers at court? Join me as I investigate one of Tudor England's most disturbing mysteries — where power, privilege, and silence could decide a man's fate.   Sources: - Letter from Richard Hilles to Heinrich Bullinger, Original letters relative to the English Reformation: written during the reigns of King Henry VIII, King Edward VI and Queen Mary, chiefly from the archives of Zurich, ed. Rev. Hastings Robinson, https://archive.org/details/originallettersr01robiuoft/page/226/mode/2up? - New Insight on the Accusation Against Thomas Culpeper, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, Jonathan McGovern, Notes and Queries, gjaf112, https://doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjaf112Published: 17 October 2025. - "Katherine Howard: The Tragic Story of Henry VIII's Fifth Queen" by Josephine Wilkinson - "Young and Damned and Fair" by Gareth Russell - “Catherine Howard: The Queen whose adulteries made a fool of Henry VIII” by Lacey Baldwin Smith

Saturday of the 29th Week in Ordinary Time Saint of the Day: St. John Houghton, 1486-1535; protomartyr of the English Reformation; a Carthusian, and an opponent of King Henry VIII’s Acts of Succession and Supremacy; he was arrested with other Carthusians, but released temporarily; he refused to swear to the Oath of Supremacy, the first man to make this refusal; he was executed at Tyburn with four companions Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 10/25/25 Gospel: Luke 13:1-9

In this episode of Heroes of the Faith, Dr Thomas Fretwell takes us through the remarkable life and ministry of William Tyndale. The pioneering Bible translator whose courage and devotion shaped the English Reformation. This teaching biography explores his mission to make Scripture accessible to all, his trials, and the lasting impact of his work on Christianity and the English language. Perfect for those interested in church history, biblical studies, and the story of faith that changed the world. Become a supporter at: www.patreon.com/theologyandapologetics Visit: www.ezrafoundation.org/ www.theologyandapologetics.com/ Listen to the Theology & Apologetics Podcast on Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2lviMYP... Instagram: www.instagram.com/ezra_foundation/ www.instagram.com/theology.apologetics/

This is the second of a three-part series on the English Reformation with a particular focus on the life, contribution, and martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), Archbishop of Canterbury.

Ecclesiastes 6:10-7:14 "Living Wisely in the Shadowlands"Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 19th October 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 6:10-7:14-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 6:10-7:14 "Living Wisely in the Shadowlands" Oct 19, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessiahchurch Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

Since 1945 Hitler and the Nazis have been the Western world's one fixed moral reference point: the way we know what evil is. But that consensus has always been more fragile than it felt, and now it is unravelling. This lecture will trace how we came to build our values around the memory of the Second World War, why that consensus isn't enough to deal with our current predicaments – and why the resolution to all this might be more hopeful than you think. This lecture was recorded by Alec Ryrie on the 30th of September 2025 at Bernard's Inn Hall, LondonAlec Ryrie was Gresham Professor of Divinity. He is also Professor of the History of Christianity at Durham University, Co-Editor of the Journal of Ecclesiastical History and President of the Church of England Record Society. From 2015-17 he was Visiting Professor in the History of Religion at Gresham College and gave two series of lectures on the history of Protestant Christianity. In 2019 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.He studied History as an undergraduate, at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, before completing a Master's in Reformation Studies at St. Andrews and a D.Phil. in Theology at St. Cross College, Oxford. From 1999-2006 he taught at the University of Birmingham, moving to Durham in 2007. He was Head of the Department of Theology and Religion from 2012-15 and a Leverhulme Major Research Fellow from 2015-18. He is on the editorial boards of St Andrews Studies in Reformation History (Ashgate) and the Royal Historical Society's New Historical Perspectives. Since 1997 he has been a Reader in the Church of England, and he is licenced to the parish of Shotley St. John (diocese of Newcastle).Professor Ryrie is a historian of the Reformation era and of Protestantism more widely, with a particular focus on England and Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He is an expert on the emergence and development of Protestant and radical beliefs, identities and spiritualities, and on the history of Protestant missions and missionaries. He has written several prize-winning books and his 2017 book Protestants: The Radicals Who Made the Modern World gives an overview of the history of Protestantism from Luther to the present. Much of the book was prefigured in his lectures at Gresham College in 2015-17. His Gresham lectures from 2018-19 presented aspects of his 2019 book Unbelievers: An Emotional History of Doubt; his Gresham lectures from 2020-1 presented aspects of his 2020 book The English Reformation.His lectures on the early global spread of Protestantism form the basis of his forthcoming book The World's Reformation, due to be published in 2026. Meanwhile, in 2025 he published The Age of Hitler and How We Will Survive It, and will be speaking about its themes at Gresham in September 2025.'The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/hitler-jesusGresham College has offered free public lectures for over 400 years, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. There are currently over 2,500 lectures free to access. We believe that everyone should have the opportunity to learn from some of the greatest minds. To support Gresham College's mission, please consider making a donation: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-today Website:  https://gresham.ac.ukX: https://x.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: https://instagram.com/greshamcollegeBluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/greshamcollege.bsky.social TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@greshamcollegeSupport Us: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/get-involved/support-us/make-donation/donate-todaySupport the show

This is the first of a three-part series on the English Reformation with a particular focus on the life, contribution, and martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), Archbishop of Canterbury. This introduction touches on the uniqueness of both the Reformation in England and Cranmer as a reformer. Background is presented that sets up the emphasis on his contribution to strategically persevere for truth over tradition in the Church of England.

Ecclesiastes 5:1–7 "No Quid Pro Quo with God"Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Rev. George SinclairMessiah DowntownDate: 12th October 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 5:1-7-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 5:1–7 "No Quid Pro Quo with God" Oct 12, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessi... Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

In this episode of Thinking Christian, Dr. James Spencer engages with Dr. Greg Quiggle and Dr. Jerry Root to discuss an upcoming study tour focused on the English Reformation and the works of C.S. Lewis. The conversation delves into the complexities of the English Reformation, exploring its political and theological dimensions, and how these historical events resonate with contemporary issues. The discussion also highlights C.S. Lewis's contributions to Christian thought and the importance of dialogue in understanding faith. The episode concludes with a reflection on the distinction between reality and truth, emphasizing the need for accurate thinking in a world filled with diverse perspectives. Find out more about the tour with Drs. Root and Quiggle here. Subscribe to our YouTube channel

Ecclesiastes 4:1-12 “Coherence for a Fragmented World”Series: Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Speaker: Joey RoyalMessiah DowntownDate: 5th October 2025Passage: Ecclesiastes 4:1-12-------------------Ecclesiastes: Real Wisdom for Real Life Ecclesiastes 4:1-12 “Coherence for a Fragmented World” Oct 5, 2025-Church of the Messiah is a prayerful, Bible-teaching, evangelical church in Ottawa (ON, Canada) with a heart for the city and the world. Our mission is to make disciples of Jesus, gripped by the gospel, living for God's glory! We are a Bible-believing, gospel-centered church of the English Reformation, part of the Anglican Network in Canada, and the Gospel Coalition.- WAYS TO GIVE: https://www.messiahchurch.ca/donateWeb: https://www.messiahchurch.ca Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ottawamessi... Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cotmottawa

The Rev. Canon George Maxwell leads this class.When we ask the question, “What is Anglican spirituality, and where does it begin?”, many instinctively look to the English Reformation. We think of Thomas Cranmer, the Book of Common Prayer, and the Elizabethan Settlement. These are indeed crucial moments, shaping the way Anglicans pray and order their life with God. But Rowan Williams often invites us to look further back, beneath the surface of the 16th century, into the deeper soil from which Anglican spirituality grows. He points out that Anglicanism is best described as a reformed Catholicism — a tradition that holds onto the catholic inheritance of the early church while reshaping it in the light of reform. If that is true, then Anglican spirituality cannot be confined to Cranmer and Hooker. It must be traced to the fathers and mothers of the early church, and in particular, to the great spiritual experiment of the desert tradition in Egypt, Syria, and Palestine in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Rowan Williams describes the desert tradition as a school of prayer and discipleship that continues to shape Christian life today. In his vision, the desert is the common wellspring of Christian spirituality — Benedictine, Catholic, Orthodox, and yes, Anglican. This Sunday we follow that line of thought: to see how the desert mothers and fathers, through monastic tradition, gave Anglicans their particular way of praying, believing, and living. We trace the journey from the desert of Antony and Syncletica, through Cassian and Benedict, to the cadences of Morning and Evening Prayer, to the lives of George Herbert and Evelyn Underhill, and finally, to Rowan Williams' own reframing for our age.

The reforming of the Reformation—that is what the Puritans were all about. Today, Michael Reeves conveys how these English Christians sought to bring the Word of God to bear on all of life. Request The English Reformation and the Puritans, Michael Reeves' teaching series on DVD, with your donation of any amount. You'll also get lifetime digital access to all 12 video messages and the study guide: https://gift.renewingyourmind.org/4237/donate   Live outside the U.S. and Canada? Request the digital teaching series and study guide for The English Reformation and the Puritans with your donation: https://www.renewingyourmind.org/global Meet Today's Teacher:   Michael Reeves is president and professor of theology at Union School of Theology in the United Kingdom.   Meet the Host:   Nathan W. Bingham is vice president of media for Ligonier Ministries, executive producer and host of Renewing Your Mind, and host of the Ask Ligonier podcast. Renewing Your Mind is a donor-supported outreach of Ligonier Ministries. Explore all of our podcasts: https://www.ligonier.org/podcasts

Under Elizabeth I, England once again became a Protestant nation. But some Christians were concerned that several unbiblical practices in the church still needed to be changed. Today, Michael Reeves introduces the Puritans. Request The English Reformation and the Puritans, Michael Reeves' teaching series on DVD, with your donation of any amount. You'll also get lifetime digital access to all 12 video messages and the study guide: https://gift.renewingyourmind.org/4237/donate   Live outside the U.S. and Canada? Request the digital teaching series and study guide for The English Reformation and the Puritans with your donation: https://www.renewingyourmind.org/global Meet Today's Teacher:   Michael Reeves is president and professor of theology at Union School of Theology in the United Kingdom.   Meet the Host:   Nathan W. Bingham is vice president of media for Ligonier Ministries, executive producer and host of Renewing Your Mind, and host of the Ask Ligonier podcast. Renewing Your Mind is a donor-supported outreach of Ligonier Ministries. Explore all of our podcasts: https://www.ligonier.org/podcasts

What happens when one of England's earliest reformers loses his nerve—yet dies for it anyway? On this day in Tudor history, 19th August 1531, Thomas Bilney, priest and preacher from Norfolk, was burned at the stake in Norwich's infamous Lollards' Pit. Bilney had once been a fiery voice for reform—distributing William Tyndale's books, preaching against saints and pilgrimages, and even inspiring future martyrs like Hugh Latimer. But under pressure, he broke. He recanted. He regretted it. And in the end… he couldn't live with his denial. In this video, I'll explore Bilney's: - Early life and Cambridge career - Spiritual awakening through Erasmus's New Testament - Fiery preaching and arrest under Cardinal Wolsey - His fateful abjuration—and why he couldn't bear it - Final arrest, trial, and burning at Norwich - His legacy as the “martyr who took it back” Thomas Bilney may not be as famous as Tyndale or Cranmer, but his story reveals the messy, human side of the English Reformation—doubt, conviction, fear, and courage. Had you heard of Thomas Bilney before today? Let me know your thoughts in the comments. If you enjoyed this video, please give it a like, subscribe for more forgotten Tudor stories, and hit the bell so you don't miss the next one. For even more Tudor history—including a monthly magazine, printable resources, and Zoom discussions—consider joining my channel membership and become part of my Tudor Court ON YOUTUBE.

After the hopeful reign of King Edward VI, Mary I took the throne of England and violently returned the kingdom to Roman Catholicism. Today, Michael Reeves details why she would come to be known as “Bloody Mary.” Request The English Reformation and the Puritans, Michael Reeves' teaching series on DVD, with your donation of any amount. You'll also get lifetime digital access to all 12 video messages and the study guide: https://gift.renewingyourmind.org/4237/donate   Live outside the U.S. and Canada? Request the digital teaching series and study guide for The English Reformation and the Puritans with your donation: https://www.renewingyourmind.org/global Meet Today's Teacher:   Michael Reeves is president and professor of theology at Union School of Theology in the United Kingdom.   Meet the Host:   Nathan W. Bingham is vice president of media for Ligonier Ministries, executive producer and host of Renewing Your Mind, and host of the Ask Ligonier podcast. Renewing Your Mind is a donor-supported outreach of Ligonier Ministries. Explore all of our podcasts: https://www.ligonier.org/podcasts

Two years after William Tyndale cried, “Lord, open the King of England's eyes,” Henry VIII decreed that English Bibles be placed in every church. Today, Michael Reeves recounts the story of this troubled king whom God used to further church reform. Request The English Reformation and the Puritans, Michael Reeves' teaching series on DVD, with your donation of any amount. You'll also get lifetime digital access to all 12 video messages and the study guide: https://gift.renewingyourmind.org/4237/donate   Live outside the U.S. and Canada? Request the digital teaching series and study guide for The English Reformation and the Puritans with your donation: https://www.renewingyourmind.org/global Join us at one of our upcoming Renewing Your Mind Live events. We're coming to Australia, California, North Carolina, and more. Learn more and register:  http://renewingyourmind.org/events  Meet Today's Teacher:   Michael Reeves is president and professor of theology at Union School of Theology in the United Kingdom.   Meet the Host:   Nathan W. Bingham is vice president of media for Ligonier Ministries, executive producer and host of Renewing Your Mind, and host of the Ask Ligonier podcast. Renewing Your Mind is a donor-supported outreach of Ligonier Ministries. Explore all of our podcasts: https://www.ligonier.org/podcasts

William Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament created a firestorm that threatened the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. Today, Michael Reeves depicts the people and events that set the stage for the English Reformation. Request The English Reformation and the Puritans, Michael Reeves' teaching series on DVD, with your donation of any amount. You'll also get lifetime digital access to all 12 video messages and the study guide: https://gift.renewingyourmind.org/4237/donate   Live outside the U.S. and Canada? Request the digital teaching series and study guide for The English Reformation and the Puritans with your donation: https://www.renewingyourmind.org/global   Meet Today's Teacher:   Michael Reeves is president and professor of theology at Union School of Theology in the United Kingdom.   Meet the Host:   Nathan W. Bingham is vice president of media for Ligonier Ministries, executive producer and host of Renewing Your Mind, and host of the Ask Ligonier podcast. Renewing Your Mind is a donor-supported outreach of Ligonier Ministries. Explore all of our podcasts: https://www.ligonier.org/podcasts

The lecture traces the English Reformation's complex history, beginning with Henry VIII's desire for a male heir and culminating in the establishment of the Church of England as a distinct institution. It highlights the shift from Roman Catholicism, the influence of key figures like Thomas Cranmer and William Tyndale, and the eventual development of the 39 Articles as a foundational doctrinal standard. The speaker emphasizes the legacy of the English Reformation, particularly its impact on shaping Anglican identity and its role as a significant part of the speaker's own ecclesiastical heritage, while also acknowledging the wide range of theological perspectives within the Anglican tradition today.

Thomas More was one of the most famous—and notorious—figures in English history. Born into the era of the Wars of the Roses, educated during the European Renaissance, rising to become Chancellor of England, and ultimately destroyed by Henry VIII, he hunted Protestants for heresy and had them burnt at the stake in the final years of Catholic England, but after the English Reformation, he was executed himself when he refused to support Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the English Church. He also achieved literary immortality for his book Utopia, which describes an ideal, imaginary island society with communal property, religious tolerance, and social harmony, critiquing the political and social issues of 16th-century Europe. Was he a saintly scholar and an inspiration for statesmen and intellectuals even today? The Catholic Church would say ‘yes’, as they canonized him and made him the patron saint of statesmen. Or was he the cruel zealot who only wanted to burn Protestants alive and hold back England’s progress? Today’s guest is Joanne Paul, author of Thomas More: A Life. We look at a man who, more than four hundred years after his execution, remains one of the most brilliant minds of the Renaissance. He also shows us the limits of passive resistance and how somebody can achieve posthumous fame but also fail to affect the events of his day.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Professor Suzannah Lipscomb delves into the tumultuous and nuanced religious policies of Henry VIII's reign. She examines how Henry VIII utilised religion to justify his policies and actions during the English Reformation, such as his assertion of royal supremacy, his commissioning of tapestries depicting himself as Old Testament kings, and his justification for the dissolution of monasteries.With insights from leading historians, such as Professor George W. Bernard and Dr. Lucy Wooding, Suzannah explores Henry's nuanced theological positions, his Christmas speech of 1545 lamenting religious divisions and his final Will, which sought to ensure prayers for his soul, reflecting his complex religious beliefs.More on the death of Henry VIII >More on the Dissolution of the Monasteries >Presented by Professor Suzannah Lipscomb. The researcher is Alice Smith, the producer and audio editor is Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Not Just the Tudors is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on