Podcasts about bashkortostan

Leyla Latypova is a journalist covering politics and civil society in Russia's regions and ethnic republics for The Moscow Times. As an ethnic Tatar hailing from the Republic of Bashkortostan, she is deeply passionate about advancing and protecting the rights of Russia's non-Slavic indigenous communities and ethnic minorities through her scholarly and journalistic work, as well as public engagements. OTHER VIDEOS: https://youtu.be/UDEgE_BHQV8----------LINKS: https://fromtherepublics.com/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/03/19/for-russias-regional-journalism-rferls-closure-a-catastrophe-a88399https://twitter.com/LatypovaLeylahttps://www.themoscowtimes.com/author/leyla-latypovahttps://newlinesinstitute.org/people/leyla-latypova/https://foreignpolicy.com/author/leyla-latypova/----------Easter Pysanky: Silicon Curtain - https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/easter-pysanky-silicon-curtainCar for Ukraine has joined forces with a group of influencers, creators, and news observers during this special Easter season. In peaceful times, we might gift a basket of pysanky (hand-painted eggs), but now, we aim to deliver a basket of trucks to our warriors.This time, our main focus is on the Seraphims of the 104th Brigade and Chimera of HUR (Main Directorate of Intelligence), highly effective units that: - disrupt enemy logistics - detect and strike command centers - carry out precision operations against high-value enemy targetshttps://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/easter-pysanky-silicon-curtain----------SILICON CURTAIN LIVE EVENTS - FUNDRAISER CAMPAIGN Events in 2025 - Advocacy for a Ukrainian victory with Silicon Curtainhttps://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extrasOur first live events this year in Lviv and Kyiv were a huge success. Now we need to maintain this momentum, and change the tide towards a Ukrainian victory. The Silicon Curtain Roadshow is an ambitious campaign to run a minimum of 12 events in 2025, and potentially many more. We may add more venues to the program, depending on the success of the fundraising campaign. https://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extrasWe need to scale up our support for Ukraine, and these events are designed to have a major impact. Your support in making it happen is greatly appreciated. All events will be recorded professionally and published for free on the Silicon Curtain channel. Where possible, we will also live-stream events.https://buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtain/extras----------SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------TRUSTED CHARITIES ON THE GROUND:Save Ukrainehttps://www.saveukraineua.org/Superhumans - Hospital for war traumashttps://superhumans.com/en/UNBROKEN - Treatment. Prosthesis. Rehabilitation for Ukrainians in Ukrainehttps://unbroken.org.ua/Come Back Alivehttps://savelife.in.ua/en/Chefs For Ukraine - World Central Kitchenhttps://wck.org/relief/activation-chefs-for-ukraineUNITED24 - An initiative of President Zelenskyyhttps://u24.gov.ua/Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundationhttps://prytulafoundation.orgNGO “Herojam Slava”https://heroiamslava.org/kharpp - Reconstruction project supporting communities in Kharkiv and Przemyślhttps://kharpp.com/NOR DOG Animal Rescuehttps://www.nor-dog.org/home/----------PLATFORMS:Twitter: https://twitter.com/CurtainSiliconInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/siliconcurtain/Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4thRZj6NO7y93zG11JMtqmLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/finkjonathan/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain----------Welcome to the Silicon Curtain podcast. Please like and subscribe if you like the content we produce. It will really help to increase the popularity of our content in YouTube's algorithm. Our material is now being made available on popular podcasting platforms as well, such as Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

El lobo, el lirio, la luna y los pájaros The wolf, the lily, the moon and the birds Comenzamos con experimentaciones sonoras con conexiones indias, japonesas, chinas, francesas y norteamericanas. Recordamos las maravillosas canciones de la artista tártara afincada en Australia, Zulya Kamalova, quien recientemente nos dejaba, y terminamos con los cantos de los pueblos urálicos. We begin with sound experimentations featuring Indian, Japanese, Chinese, French, and North American connections. We remember the wonderful songs of the Tatar artist based in Australia, Zulya Kamalova, who recently passed away, and we end with the songs of Uralic peoples. – Saagara – Northern wind brings redemption – 3 – Yuki Fujiwara – Remaining, remaining – Glass colored lily – Haruka Hayashi, Ya Mao, Ruriko Kasuga – The shadows of time – Music in the realm of fireflies : Improvisations for peace and healing [V.A.] – Hadouk – Le hasard à bretelles – Le concile des oiseaux – Hadouk – Effarvatte – Le bal des oiseaux – Tommy Castles & Carl Dickens – Lucid ditty – Snakeskin – Zulya and the Children of the Underground – We twelve girls – 3 nights – Zulya and the Children of the Underground – The wolf and the moon – 3 nights – Vastoma – Ilyaka puva – Erzya Mordva songs from Bashkortostan – (Zulya and the Children of the Underground – Red flower – 3 nights) 📸 Zulya and the Children of the Underground

My guest today is Leyla Latypova, a journalist who works as a special correspondent for the English-language newspaper The Moscow Times. An ethnic Tatar from the republic of Bashkortostan, Leyla writes about politics and civil society in Russia's regions and national republics. In her work, she promotes and defends the rights of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in the Russian Federation. She now lives in Amsterdam. In this edition of “Then & Now,” we talk to Leyla about the war, about national movements and about the future of ethnic minorities in Russia – and of Russia in general.My questions include:Where were you when you heard President Putin's announcement about the Special Military Operation in February 2022? What was your first reaction?What were your thoughts as to the future impact of the war on ethnic minorities in Russia?Why is it that a disproportionate number of conscripts from ethnic minorities in Russia's regions serve in the Russian army – Buryats, for example, or Tatars?Tell us a little about yourself. Where were you born, what did your parents do, and do you have any key memories that have particularly shaped your life?Have there been times when you personally encountered Russian chauvinism or observed its impact on others in Bashkortostan?Do you sense an imperial mindset in Russian people? What do you attribute this to?What was your motivation when you decided to change your place of residence and move to another country? Was it related to Putin's policies?How do you work as a journalist when you are located far from your sources?Tell me about the recent protests in Bashkortostan? After all, they were quite large-scale and yet little is known about them in the West.Do you think the war against Ukraine could be a catalyst for major changes in Russia?When people talk about the de-colonization of Russia, what does it mean?At the beginning of the war, many analysts believed that the logical outcome of the war would be the collapse of the Russian Empire. They see this as a process which began in 1917, continued in 1991, and has not yet been completed. They see the war against Ukraine as striking a kind of a death blow to the empire. In your view, is the further disintegration of the Russian Empire inevitable? How might the country look in the future?

Instead of what he thought would be a ‘short victorious war', Putin has mired Russia in a protracted and costly struggle that may not only end Putin's tenure in the Kremlin, but also threaten the integrity of the Russian Federation itself. The stakes could not be higher, and history shows that change in Russia moves like tectonic plates – nothing for decades, and then pent up forces are released in violent, dramatic and unpredictable changes. Some academics and politicians are starting to think the unthinkable and are urging us make plans to de-colonise Russia when the last continental European empire collapses. History may show that the disintegration of the USSR was not avoided, merely postponed. ---------- Leyla Latypova is a journalist covering politics and civil society in Russia's regions and ethnic republics for The Moscow Times. As an ethnic Tatar hailing from the Republic of Bashkortostan, she is deeply passionate about advancing and protecting the rights of Russia's non-Slavic indigenous communities and ethnic minorities through her scholarly and journalistic work, as well as public engagements. ---------- LINKS: https://twitter.com/LatypovaLeyla https://www.themoscowtimes.com/author/leyla-latypova https://newlinesinstitute.org/people/leyla-latypova/ https://foreignpolicy.com/author/leyla-latypova/ ---------- PLATFORMS: Twitter: https://twitter.com/CurtainSilicon Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/siliconcurtain/ Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4thRZj6NO7y93zG11JMtqm Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/finkjonathan/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtain ---------- Welcome to the Silicon Curtain podcast. Please like and subscribe if you like the content we produce. It will really help to increase the popularity of our content in YouTube's algorithm. Our material is now being made available on popular podcasting platforms as well, such as Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

Russia's republic of Bashkortostan, located in the Ural Mountains region, erupted in protests in mid-January following the arrest of Fayil Alsynov, a well-known local activist who was sentenced to four years in prison.In one of the few major protests since the invasion of Ukraine made public dissent almost impossible, thousands of people came to the small town of Baymak to show their support for Alsynov and call for his release.In this episode we speak with Abbas Galyamov, a Bashkir political scientist now in exile, and Moscow Times journalist Leyla Latypova, who specializes in Russia's ethnic republics, about the factors that catalyzed the protests and whether we can expect more rallies soon.Find us at: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/https://www.facebook.com/MoscowTimes/https://twitter.com/moscowtimeshttps://t.me/moscowtimes_enhttps://www.instagram.com/themoscowtimes/

Một đoàn cựu chiến binh Việt Nam Cộng Hòa và thân nhân của một số tử sĩ đã tới thăm Nhà trưng bày Hoàng Sa ở Đà Nẵng vào 18/1 nhân dịp kỉ niệm 50 năm trận hải chiến ở Biển Đông mà kết cục là Trung Quốc chiếm toàn bộ quần đảo Hoàng Sa. Xem thêm: https://bit.ly/3wSHe49 Tin tức đáng chú ý khác: Việt Nam cần tận dụng xu thế, lên tiếng mạnh mẽ đòi Hoàng Sa. Một người đốt quốc kỳ Việt Nam bị khởi tố ở Vũng Tàu. Giáo Hoàng tiếp phái đoàn chính trị Việt Nam, mong muốn đến thăm Việt Nam. Biểu tình đòi Hamas phóng thích con tin Israel; tuần hành ủng hộ người Palestine. Cư dân Bờ Tây bàng hoàng trước cuộc đột kích của Israel. Mỹ: ‘Không thể' tiến tới nếu không có một nhà nước Palestine. Triều Tiên: 2 học sinh bị 12 năm lao động khổ sai vì xem phim Hàn Quốc. Cảnh sát Nga trấn áp người biểu tình ở Bashkortostan.

Một đoàn cựu chiến binh Việt Nam Cộng Hòa và thân nhân của một số tử sĩ đã tới thăm Nhà trưng bày Hoàng Sa ở Đà Nẵng vào 18/1 nhân dịp kỉ niệm 50 năm trận hải chiến ở Biển Đông mà kết cục là Trung Quốc chiếm toàn bộ quần đảo Hoàng Sa. Xem thêm: https://bit.ly/3wSHe49 Tin tức đáng chú ý khác: Việt Nam cần tận dụng xu thế, lên tiếng mạnh mẽ đòi Hoàng Sa. Một người đốt quốc kỳ Việt Nam bị khởi tố ở Vũng Tàu. Giáo Hoàng tiếp phái đoàn chính trị Việt Nam, mong muốn đến thăm Việt Nam. Biểu tình đòi Hamas phóng thích con tin Israel; tuần hành ủng hộ người Palestine. Cư dân Bờ Tây bàng hoàng trước cuộc đột kích của Israel. Mỹ: ‘Không thể' tiến tới nếu không có một nhà nước Palestine. Triều Tiên: 2 học sinh bị 12 năm lao động khổ sai vì xem phim Hàn Quốc. Cảnh sát Nga trấn áp người biểu tình ở Bashkortostan.

Day 691.Today, Ukraine attacked an oil terminal in a rare drone strike on St Petersburg, we update from the US as negotiations on support for Ukraine grind on and we hear more about events inside Russia as there are protests in the republic of Bashkortostan and thousands freeze as pipes malfunction in the Russian winter. Contributors:David Knowles (Head of Audio Development). @DJKnowles22 on Twitter.Dominic Nicholls (Associate Editor, Defence). @DomNicholls on Twitter.Tony Diver (US Editor). @Tony_Diver on Twitter.Lily Shanagher (Journalist). @LilyShanagher on Twitter. Joe Barnes (Brussels Correspondent). @JoeBarnes on Twitter.Many of our listeners have raised concerns over the potential sale of Telegraph Media Group to the Abu Dhabi-linked Redbird IMI. We are inviting the submission of comments on the process. Email salecomments@telegraph.co.uk or dtletters@telegraph.co.uk to have your say.Subscribe to The Telegraph: telegraph.co.uk/ukrainethelatestEmail: ukrainepod@telegraph.co.uk Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Russia-Ukraine War Report provides comprehensive, fact-based news coverage about the war in Ukraine. Our team of journalists, researchers, and analysts are from Georgia, Israel, Finland, Poland, Ukraine, the U.S., and the U.K. We go beyond content aggregation and provide analysis and assessments on how today's stories shape the war's future. Today's Podcast Marina Yevshan covers the events that happened on and off the battlefield on Wednesday. 01:26 Today's Assessment 03:45 Kharkiv and Luhansk 04:50 The Donbas - Northeast Donetsk 05:48 The Donbas - Southwest Donetsk 07:04 Kherson 10:01 Black Sea 10:33 Occupied Crimea 10:53 Odesa 11:08 Russian Front 12:48 Theaterwide 16:10 Financial and Military Aid 19:11 Putin's Purge 22:56 War Crimes and Human Rights 24:02 Geopolitics and Economics Resources and Links The Russian-Ukraine War Map is a great resource to use while listening to the podcast to see the geography covered in today's podcast. You can bookmark: http://www.rusvukrmap.com Today's Podcast is based upon the information in the January 17, 2024, Malcontent News Russia-Ukraine War Situation Report. The SITREP includes access to the pictures, videos, and additional resources we mentioned in today's podcast, and we offer a 7-day free trial. https://www.patreon.com/posts/russia-ukraine-96721930 Today's podcast references our story: Violence in Bashkortostan grows as Russian security forces clash with protesters. https://malcontentment.com/violence-in-bashkortostan-grows-as-russian-security-forces-clash-with-protesters/ Support Independent Journalism As independent journalists, most of our costs are covered by subscribers. Not one? For $5 a month, you can support Malcontent News and get access to our Daily Situation Reports and Flash Reports, which provide updates during the day. The Situation Report includes information not included in the podcast, including weather forecasts, soil moisture and tractability, and an analysis of Russian and Ukrainian heavy equipment losses using information from the Oryx Database. Become a Patreon today, and we now offer a seven-day free trial subscription at the Bronze support level. https://www.patreon.com/TheMalcontent Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Сергей Семёнов, 1955 г.р., г. Севастополь. Окончил Ленинградский университет и Аспирантуру Московского университета. Кандидат философских наук. Преподавал в вузах г. Уфы и работал в научно-практических центрах по проблемам творчества ( ректор университета технического творчества ПО «Башнефть», директор ИНЦ « Майевтика - XXI” ). Работал в правительстве и администрации Президента Республики Башкортостан, в администрации г. Уфы ( в 1998 - 2000 гг. пресс-секретарь президента ). Автор нескольких монографий и более 500 публикаций . Участник XXI Всемирного философского конгресса ( Стамбул, 2003 г. ), сопредседатель секции философии творчества VIII Всемирного философского конгресса ( Москва , 2020 г. ). Sergei N Semenov, born 1955, Sevastopol. Graduated from Leningrad University and Graduate School of Moscow University. Ph.D. in Philosophical Sciences. He taught at universities in Ufa and worked in scientific and practical centers on problems of creativity (rector of the University of Technical Creativity of the Bashneft Production Association, director of the Institute of Science and Technology “Maieutika - XXI”). He worked in the government and administration of the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the administration of the city of Ufa (in 1998 - 2000, press secretary of the president). Author of several monographs and more than 500 publications. Participant of the XXI World Philosophical Congress (Istanbul, 2003), co-chairman of the section on the philosophy of creativity of the VIII World Philosophical Congress (Moscow, 2020). ================================SUPPORT & CONNECT:Support on Patreon: ⁠https://www.patreon.com/denofrich⁠Twitter: ⁠https://twitter.com/denofrich⁠Facebook: ⁠https://www.facebook.com/mark.develman/⁠YouTube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/denofrich⁠Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/den_of_rich/⁠Hashtag: #denofrich© Copyright 2023 Den of Rich. All rights reserved.

Featured Speakers: Dr. Mark N. Katz and Dr. Diana Galeeva. Book Description In recent decades Russia has played an increasingly active role in the Middle East as states within the region continue to diversify their relations with major external powers. Yet the role of specific Russian regions, especially those that share an ‘Islamic identity' with the GCC has been overlooked. In this book Diana Galeeva examines the relations between the Gulf States and Russia from the Soviet era to the present day. Using the Republic of Tatarstan, one of Russia's Muslim polities as a case study, Galeeva demonstrates the emergence of relations between modern Tatarstan and the GCC States, evolving from concerns with economic survival to a rising paradiplomacy reliant on shared Islamic identities. Having conducted fieldwork in the Muslim Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Dagestan, the book includes interviews with high-ranking political figures, heads of religious organisations and academics. Moving beyond solely economic and geopolitical considerations, the research in this book sheds light on the increasingly important role that culture and shared Islamic identity play in paradiplomacy efforts.

Episode 103:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 14]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerThe Expansion of Soviets[Part 15 - This Week]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerNational Self-Determination and the Reconstitution of Empire - 0:20[Part 15 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFootnotes:46) 0:50Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–1923 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954); Jeremy Smith, The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1917–1923 (New York: St Martin's, 1999).47) 4:21Izvestiia, 11, 16 Jan. 1918, 3; Izvestiia, 12, 17 Jan. 1918, 2.48) 8:56Alfred E. Senn, The Emergence of Modern Lithuania (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).49) 16:03O. V. Budnitskii, Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi i belymi (1917–1920) (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2006), 275–6; Oleg Budnitskii, ‘Shots in the Back: On the Origin of the Anti-Jewish Pogroms of 1918–1921', in E. M Avrutin and H. Murav (eds), Jews in the East European Borderlands (Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2012), 187–210.50) 18:00.51) 18:51Peter Holquist, Making War, Forging Revolution: Russia's Continuum of Crisis, 1914–1921 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002).52) 25:35Adeeb Khalid, ‘Nationalizing the Revolution in Central Asia: The Transformation of Jadidism, 1917–1920', in Ronald G. Suny and Terry Martin (eds), A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 145–64.53) 28:45Marco Buttino, La Rivoluzione capovolta: L'Asia centrale tra il crollo dell'impero Zarista e la formazione dell'URSS (Naples: L'ancora del Mediterraneo, 2003).54) 30:13Daniel E. Schafer, ‘Local Politics and the Birth of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 1919–1920', in Suny and Martin (eds), A State of Nations, 165–90.55) 33:25M. A. Persits, ‘Vostochnye internatsionalisty v Rossii i nekotorye voprosy natsional'no-osvoboditel'nogo dvizheniia (1918–iul' 1920)', Komintern i Vostok: bor'ba za leninskuiu strategiiu i taktiku v natsional'no-osvoboditel'nom dvizhenii (Moscow: Nauka, 1969), 53–109 (96).56) 33:56‘Biuro Sekretariata TsK RKP (iiun'1923g.)', in Tainy natsional'noi politiki TsK RKP: stenograficheskii otchet sekretnogo IV soveshchaniia TsK RKP 1923g. (Moscow: INSAN, 1992), 74; .

Five weeks ago, 25-year-old contract soldier Albert Sakhibgareyev was in Russia's Belgorod region, several miles from the Ukrainian border, where his brigade was "conducting training exercises." Sakhibgareyev says he and his fellow soldiers would fire "wherever they were ordered to," though what exactly they were firing at was unclear. According to him, he didn't understand he was in a real war until the Ukrainian side started firing back; soon after that, he deserted. Meduza reports on how a soldier from Bashkortostan decided enough was enough. Original Article: https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/03/25/nobody-understood-what-was-happening

Today's guest is Gulnara Samoilova and we talk about her book, Women Street Photographers published by Prestel Publishing. An amazing collection of work that showcases 100 contemporary women street photographers working around the world. We also talk about how the aftermath of photographing 9/11and editing work for the Associated Press after 9/11 caused Gulnara to think about what she wanted or needed to photograph to bring some joy back into photography for her.    Gulnara Samoilova, who hails from the republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, faced blatant sexism in the photo industry before arriving in the United States in 1992, where she worked at the Associated Press before launching her own commercial photo studio. As an Associated Press photojournalist, she received national and international awards for her photographs from 9/11, including first prize in the World Press Photo competition. After the 2016 presidential election triggered flashbacks to her formative years, Samoilova recognized the importance of creating a platform and community to support women. She launched Women Street Photographers to provide opportunities to showcase the work of established and emerging artists through exhibitions, residencies, online features, and now — the book.    Women Street Photographers edited by Gulnara Samoilova © Prestel Verlag, Munich · London · New York, 2020. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/667163/women-street-photographers-by-gulnara-samoilova-melissa-breyer/   https://www.womenstreetphotographers.com   https://www.gulnara.com   https://www.instagram.com/womenstreetphotographers/    This episode is sponsored by the Charcoal Book Club, a monthly subscription service for photobook enthusiasts. Working with the most respected names in contemporary photography, Charcoal selects and delivers essential photobooks to a worldwide community of collectors. Each month, members receive a signed, first-edition monograph and an exclusive print to add to their collections. www.charcoalbookclub.com

A Map ,called as The map of the Creator as found in Russia. It is the Dashka Stone Map. It is a 3 D Version . ‘ The Dashka stone is a unique artifact of unknown origin with (allegedly) a three-dimensional map of the Ural region. The stone was found in the village of Chandra in Bashkortostan, Russian Federation. According to researchers, the Dashka Stone constitutes evidence of the existence of an ancient civilization with high technical and cultural levels. If it is true it can also serve to confirm the views of creationists on the civilization of people before and shortly after the Global Flood. There are many ancient legends in Bashkortostan of a strange plates with ornaments. In 1921, historian Vakhrushev, who visited the Chandar mentioned them in his report. He reported about six boards, but four have been lost. And the sources of the nineteenth century states that there were two hundred boards. A stone slab measuring 1.5 meters by one meter and over 20 cm in thickness was brought to scientists at Bashkir state university, headed by the rector, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Alexander Nikolayevich Chuvyrov. They obtained in 1999 a three-layer plate, which, according to Chuvyrov, was made by artificial means. The first layer of 18 centimeters is cement or ceramic on the basis of dolomite. The second layer of about an inch – enriched with silicon, to give a picture strength. Microhardness of slightly less than that of corundum. Third porcelain layer several millimeters. Perhaps, in order to create diffused light, to illuminate the card ..It is noted that at the plate allegedly plotted map showing the location of Ufa elevated to the modern city Meleuz. This image is a relief, according to modern concepts, you can get it from cosmic heights. It is alleged that on the map Dashka stone marked waterworks system and channel length of 15,000 kilometers, dams, 12 dams up to a mile wide and powerful water intakes. Rhomboid are designated areas – they were far from the channels. According Chuvyrova – so runways. According Chuvyrova: those who then lived and built, either flew or used the water route, since no roads are on the map. The map also has numerous inscriptions. It is believed that this hieroglyphic-syllabic language of unknown origin. What the inscriptions say is currently unclear. According to Hindu legend, Daksha is one of the sons of Lord Brahma reside in North West, who, after creating the ten Manas Putras, created Daksha, Dharma, Kamadeva and Agni from his right thumb, chest, heart and eyebrows respectively. 3.Thiruvannamlai, Tamil Nadu is 3 Million Years Old. 4.Thirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, 2100 Milion Yeras old 5..Daksha resided in the North est of India. 6.Krishna's son Pradhyumna founded Port Baijn in Russia. 7.Indra's Vaikanasa Theertha was in Russia. 8.Russia was called Sthree Varsha, Kingdom of Women. 9.Lake Baikal was Vaikanasa Theertha. 10. Arkaim city in Russia as built on the Rig Vedic mandala Design and was called the Swastika City. 11.Daksha Hid in Antarctica, fearing Lord Shiva's wrath. 12.Swasthik Mark was found submerged in Antarctic Ice. Considering these facts it is safe to postulate that Daksha Created the 3 D Map of the Creator. It is interesting to note that Daksha is called the Creator of mankind in Hinduism. https://ramanisblog.in/2016/10/18/120-million-year-3-d-dashka-map-by-daksha-prajapathi/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ramanispodcast/message

Hey everybody, welcome to episode 94 of photography insights and today we are going to feature another great artist. As I said in my previous episode I’m trying to reach out to a wider scope of people and this is another example – a photographer from Russia! Gulnara comes from the region of Autonomous Republic of Bashkortostan and was the only female photographer. She moved into the world of press photography under the belt of "associated press" in the USA. She has won competitions and awards including world press photo. Her work is known around the world now and one example is that of 9/11, where she was at ground zero. In this podcast we do not discuss this as her interview with Bob at Street Photography Magazine covers all you need to know (plus its a great magazine). I came across Gulnara because of her awards and her lovely work with street photography. Gulnara is the founder of "womenstreetphotographers.com" too, where she showcases work of others. One of Gulnara’s projects caught my eye and listen out as we discuss hand painting. Areas discussed book collecting shooting 40 years importance of mentors right critique & feedback darkroom master making chemicals appreciating your homeland being happy & proud of your work workshops in Russia lockdown + first book teaching street Instagram feeds & personality artists residency + PAID trip to NYC Links Gulnara website- https://www.gulnara.com/ Gulnara Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/gulnara_nyc/ women street photography - https://www.instagram.com/womenstreetphotographers/ Mentioned: Street photograph interview - https://streetphotographymagazine.com/article/interview-with-gulnara-samoilova/ Dominique interview - https://phlogger.co.uk/dominique-interview-with-a-street-portrait-photographer/ Dominque Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/dominique_nyc/ Pay it forward: Ximena Echague - https://ximenaechaguephoto.com/ Friends of the show Pete at Static Age - https://www.staticage.co.uk/ Film Dev - https://filmdev.co.uk/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/photography-insights/message

Join us in this next episode as we discover the what is likely the oldest stone circle in the world on the Nabta Play, discuss the history of La Zarzuela, the Spanish Opera, learn the lessons from the Apollo 1 tragedy, explore Bashkortostan, and finish the episode learning about a butterfly!

Had you a bird’s eye view of the Eurasian steppe in 1236, you could have watched an unparalleled sight.  Perhaps more than 100,000 mounted warriors spread out in vast columns converging upon the Kama River, followed with nigh on one million horses, goats, and sheep at some distance behind; thousands of carts, some small enough to be pulled by a single ox, to those so large they required full teams of oxen. Mounted on these carts were spare weapons and arrows, specialists and engineers in siege technology and the tools they needed to build their fearsome machinery, and on the largest carts, royal Mongols gers, round felt tents to house the many princes leading the army. Their very movement changed the landscape, politically and ecologically. The nomadic Turkic peoples who inhabited the steppe fled before them; new roads were cut, others formed by the very passage of ten thousand horses stripping bare the grassland; to avoid lengthy detours in order to stay on schedule, rivers were blocked and diverted to accommodate the great carts. This was an army with one purpose: to conquer everything as far as the hooves of Mongol horses would take them. This was the Great Western Invasion, Mongol princes from across the dynasty collected and hurled as a great spear westwards, which in the coming years would land deep into Europe. I’m your host David, und this is…       The Great Western Invasion is perhaps the most famous campaign of the Mongol Empire. It’s a campaign of big names and big personalities: Batu, Mongke, Guyuk and the great commander Subutai. It’s a story you likely know the broad strokes of already, the bloody conquest of the Russian principalities culminating in the famous battles of Liegnitz and Mohi. It’s generally presented as the master stroke of Subutai’s strategic genius,commonly said that the Mongols would have driven right to the shores of Britain if hadn’t been for the untimely death of Ogedai Khaan at the end of 1241, forcing them to withdraw to elect his successor.  It’s a great story and quite cinematic, but one which barely conveys any of the complexities of the great invasion, and one ripe with exaggerations and myths. Over the next episodes we’re going to try to change your view of the invasion, including as many of the intricacies and historiography of it as we can to provide a fuller understanding of the campaign, and a better, though more nuanced, respect for Mongol military success.       Mongol knowledge of the west came through an offshoot of the invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire, when Jebe Noyan and Subutai Ba’atar led an army through the Caucasus and onto the steppe, where they fought with the nomadic Turkic Cuman-Qipchaq tribes, an army of the Rus’ principalities on the Kalka River, and the Volga Bulghars, the mercantile masters of the Volga River’s trade routes. We covered this in a previous episode, so check that out for the specifics. Though popularly portrayed as a reconnaissance in force, it was a hard fought campaign resulting in the death of Jebe Noyan and Mongol defeats or narrowly won victories. The defeats demanded Mongol retaliation, as did the loss of a top commander- it’s  easy to imagine Subutai personally wanting to avenge himself and his fallen friend, as Jebe may have been a mentor to him. The foes encountered in the west had shown themselves fierce fighters, and the Mongols left with an impression that overwhelming force was needed for further campaigning in the region. The Cuman-Qipchaqs, a loose confederation of Turkic tribes inhabiting the steppes from the borders of Hungary past the Caspian Sea, were a particular issue. Nomadic enemies, similar in lifestyle to the Mongols themselves, were perceived as their greatest threat. Not only could they more readily flee Mongol armies than any sedentary foe, thus continuing to be a threat, but they were likewise skilled horse archers. If united under a charismatic leader as Chinggis Khan had done with the Mongol tribes, the Cuman-Qipchaqs could directly challenge Mongolian hegemony in the steppe. In the Mongolian universalist ideology which developed at the end of Chinggis Khan’s life, everything beneath Eternal Blue Heaven was the Mongols to rule. The fact that these foes had fought the Mongols, at times even besting them, was a state of open rebellion that the Great Khan could not allow.       Subutai had withdrawn from the western steppe over 1224, but that was not the final Mongol encounter in the west before the great invasion. Modern Kazakhstan was by then the ulus of Jochi, the territory granted to Chinggis Khan’s eldest son. As Jochi had died in 1225, the appanage was now headed by Jochi’s second son, Batu- this was the territorial beginnings of the later Golden Horde. From the Jochid ulus, the Mongols had a forward base to attack their foes within the Volga steppe. The closest foe was the Volga Bulghars, a distant Turkic relation to the Bulgarians who gave their name to the empires on the Danube in Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. Controlling the meeting point of the Volga and Kama Rivers, their influence extended to the Urals in the east, and to the borders of the Rus’ principalities in the west. Dominating the fur trade and other exports from the local Finno-Ugric population like the Mordvins and Bashkirs, Volga Bulgharia was a major trade centre, the stopping point between the Rus’ principalities and Khwarezmian Empire. At least, it had been until Chinggis Khan wiped the Khwarezmian Empire from the map. With extensive contacts in Khwarezm and the Qipchaq tribes of the region, the Volga Bulghars were well informed of the fall of Khwarezm and approach of Subutai in 1223, and defeated him on the Volga River that year. Despite this victory, they were not left in a great position. The most powerful Rus’ princely state, that of Vladimir-Sudzal’, was encroaching on Bulghar territory and competing for control over the Mordvins, making one of the Mordvin principalities their vassal. The Bulghars tried to appease the Rus’ through peace negotiations, hoping to focus their efforts for a Mongol return.   It proved fruitless. In 1229 with Ogedai’s ascension came the second Mongol attack, in which Mongol forces seized the steppe from the Ural River to the Volga, overrunning the Bulghars’ border guards.  This attack was led by the commanders Koketei and Sonitei, though it’s commonly suggested that this Sonitei may have been a misspelling of Subutai in the source. If it was Subutai, he was soon recalled to aid Ogedai and Tolui in the final conquest of the Jin Dynasty. The 1229 attack caused a great displacement of tribes, fleeing deeping into Bulghar territory to escape the Mongols. Another attack came in 1232, spending the winter in Bulghar country but were unable to move onto their capital.    Relatively smaller armies had undertaken these two offensives; with significant forces dispatched under Chormaqun to finalize conquests in Iran and accompanying Ogedai, Tolui and Subutai to destroy the Jin, as we have covered in our previous episodes, major resources were unavailable to attack Bulghar. Victory over the Jurchen Jin in 1234 changed this, freeing up troops to divert elsewhere. Most of the Mongol army and its auxiliaries were pulled back within weeks of the final victory over the Jin, though some forces remained on the border due to an attack from the Song Dynasty. Despite Song attacks, Ogedai ordered only minor offensives against them for the time being; the west had to be dealt with.    In 1235 a great quriltai was held in Mongolia to which the available princes of the dynasty were invited. In classic Ogedai fashion upon their gathering an entire month was spent in feasting, drinking and celebrating; gifts and loot were handed out from the treasury; the laws and ordinances of Chinggis Khan were read out again. After this imperial bender, it was time to get to business.  Ogedai’s son Qochu was ordered to hold the frontier with the Song Dynasty, while the rest of the available forces were to be taken west. The Mongol leadership was under the impression that the western end of the continent was home to fierce foes. Ogedai’s only surviving full brother, Chagatai, had been collecting information for him. In the Secret History of the Mongols, Chagatai gave this warning to Ogedai:    “The enemy people beyond consist of many states, and there, at the end of the world, they are hard people. They are people who, when they become angry, would rather die by their own swords. I am told they have sharp swords.”       Chagatai's idea was that this should be a unified effort with all branches of the dynasty -that is, from the lines of Chinggis Khan’s four sons with Borte- contributing troops. This was agreed to. While the western campaign is sometimes depicted as a side show, the sources inform us that the chief figures of the third generation of Chinggisids were present. A number of Jochi’s numerous children, especially his most important sons Orda, Batu, Shiban and Tangqut, were to be present. From Chagatai’s line were Buri and Baidar, Buri his grandson via Moetugen, Chagatai’s beloved favourite who had died in the Khwarezmian campaign. Ogedai’s own sons Guyuk and Qadan represented him, and from the line of the late Tolui was his eldest, Mongke, and Mongke’s half-brother Bojek. If some of these names sound familiar to you, it's because these were among the most prominent Chinggisids of the next decades: Batu, founder of the Golden Horde, with Guyuk and Mongke to be Great Khans in the years after Ogedai. Kolgen, a son of Chinggis Khan from a secondary wife accompanied them, as did the most famous of all Mongol generals, Subutai. While Batu was the lead prince and it was ostensibly his territory they were expanding, Subutai was to hold overall command. Ogedai wished to lead this army himself, but was talked out of it by the assembly- it was deemed too dangerous an expedition, and  Ogedai’s health may have already declined past being fit for such a trek.       Each of these princes brought the troops attached to their households and appanages, resulting in a massive and diverse army. Common estimates range from 100,000-150,000 men- largely Mongolian and Turkic horse archers, but with an important contingent of Chinese siege engineers. Representatives of other conquered peoples joined them- Tanguts, Uighurs, Khitan, Jurchen, already conquered Qipchaqs and perhaps even Central Asian Iranians. A mainly cavalry army,  speed, maneuverability and overwhelming firepower was its strength, taking advantage of the seemingly unlimited grassland and pasture of the great Eurasian steppe.  We know at one point in the quriltai it was considered to send a vast army of Chinese along with them, but this idea was talked down: Yelu Chucai declared they were unfit to the climate and long march.       A moment must be given to what the strategic goals were. The Qipchaq and Bulghars were obviously targets, with the Rus’ to be punished for allying with them. In general, the western steppe was to be conquered, but beyond that? It’s often said the famous European component of the invasion was an afterthought, little more than a raid, but there is some suggestion that Hungary was a definite target right from the beginning. Most Mongol imperial sources discuss Hungary, or rather, their garbled name representing the Kingdom, as a target from the outset. In the 1220s the Hungarian King, Bela IV, who we will meet in our next episodes, had declared himself King of the Cumans. The Hungarian Kingdom wanted to expand its control over and convert the neighbouring Cumans to Christianity. It’s possible rumour made it down the steppes that the Hungarian King was not the Cuman King in name only, but the actual lord of the Cuman tribes in fact. For the Mongols, who saw the Cuman-Qipchaqs as enemies, this made their “king” a major foe. As they moved west they likely gained more accurate information on him, but in distant Mongolia it was hard to correct that. Beyond that, we have statements from the likes of Friar Julian, who will be introduced below, stating in 1236 that the Mongols intended on attacking Rome. So the army, representing the four branches of the Chinggisid dynasty, had a goal to essentially conquer everything westwards, specifically intending on Europe as a part of this.        After the quriltai, the princes returned to their ordus, [or-doos] to assemble their forces: the various armies marched separately, setting out in spring 1236 to unite on the Kama River on the edge of Volga Bulghar territory.        We are provided an absolutely fascinating perspective from an Hungarian Dominican friar who traveled through Volga Bulgharia on the eve of the Mongol invasion. Called Julian, or sometimes Julianus, he had been sent to find the  Hungarians who remained in their old homeland. In a journey that took him across the steppe, through the Rus’ principalities, and Volga Bulgharia, he arrived east of Volga Bulgharia in what he called Magna Hungaria - “great Hungary,” inhabited by a Ugric people whose language, Julian was astonished to find, was mutually intelligible with his own, despite the 400 years since the Magyars had separated from them to enter the Pannonian Basin. These were the Bashkirs, related to the modern people of the same name in Russia’s Bashkortostan, though the modern descendants have been thoroughly turkicized. More relevant for us, Julian was in Magna Hungaria and Volga Bulgharia while Mongol armies gathered on the Kama River only a few days away. There is a sense that the Bulghars were quite aware of the strength of the Mongol army and the approaching terror, but lacked the manpower to repulse such a horde, leaving them to watch helplessly. During his time there, Julian encountered Mongol envoys  moving ahead of the main army with demands of submission. Julian departed before the Mongol attack on Bulghar, and we are provided no specifics on the fall. The Bulghar cities were well fortified, their army of fine repute, but they had been weakened in recent years by conflict with the Rus’ and Mongols. Over winter 1236, their capital cities were destroyed and the state of Volga Bulgharia ended.       While there, Friar Julian heard that Saqsin, a Turkic city along the lower Volga, had already fallen to them. Indeed, it seems the Mongols made to secure the steppes around the northwestern Caspian before moving onto the Volga Bulghars. This was a region inhabited by the Qipchaq-Olberli-Qanglis of the Cuman-Qipchaq confederation, who had fought the Mongols several times. We have little specific details of this, except for one episode. Many Cuman-Qipchaq peoples fled west before the Mongols, while others submitted, with limited resistance by one individual in particular. This was Bachman of the Olberli Qipchaqs. The ruler of a territory along the Ahktuba, a branch of the lower Volga, Bachman emerged sometime in the late 1220s and early 1230s, trying to organize against the Mongols. The leading Cuman-Qipchaq chiefs had fallen to Jebe and Subutai during their campaign in 1222-1223, leaving few in the Qipchaq steppe with the following or influence to rise up. According to the Yuan Shih, dating from the early Ming Dynasty, part of Subutai’s specific instructions had been to strike down this Qipchap chief. Before the fall of Volga Bulgharia, Subutai advanced with the vanguard ahead of the main and scattered Bachman’s army, somewhere along the Caspian Sea, capturing Bachman’s wife and sons. Subutai then turned back for the Kama River to await the main army before moving onto the Bulghars. Bachman was reduced to irregular warfare with a small following, striking at Mongol parties while fleeing southwards. In early 1237 as the main army under Subutai continued on from the ruins of Volga Bulgharia, Mongke and his half brother Bojek were despatched to hunt Bachman down, each travelling down a bank of the Volga. Finding an old woman left behind by Bachman’s troops who pointed them after him, Mongke and Bojek cornered Bachman on an island in the river. Heaven showed its favour when the winds picked up and pushed the water back to reveal a ford. Crossing rapidly, Mongke and Bojek’s army fell upon the unprepared and outnumbered Bachman, destroying the remnants of his men. Bachman was captured, asking only for the final honour to be killed by Mongke’s own hand. Mongke instead had Bojek cut Bachman in half, essentially putting an end to any form of organized Cuman-Qipchaq resistance to the Mongol advance.        After Bachmann’s death, Mongke and Bojek marched back across the steppe to rejoin the main army, which had stayed busy. The Bashkirs had been dispersed and subjugated, Volga Bulgharia destroyed, the next target being the Mordvins, another Ugric people still extant today, giving their name to the Russian republic of Mordovia. The Mordvins were divided into two principalities; once both under Volga Bulgharian influence, the western had since fallen under the domination of the Rus’. The eastern principality submitted to the Mongols and provided troops; the western made the mistake of resisting and was crushed.        This left the Mongols on the borders of the Rus’ principalities. Halting on the Voronezh River in late summer 1237, Batu and Subutai waited to allow Mongke and Bojek to rejoin them, finalizing their plan of assault, sending envoys to demand submission and waiting for the rivers to freeze in order to cross them. The Rus’ principalities were the divided heirs to the Kievan Rus’; still linguistically and culturally a part of the same heritage and the Riurikid dynasty, but politically each  principality was an independent entity. In the 1230s, the most powerful was the northeastern principality of Vladimir-Suzdal’ under the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich. While the Volga Bulghars had made efforts to prepare for the Mongol return, it seems the great slaughter on the Kalka River did nothing for the Rus’, who chalked it up to another attack, though a destructive one, by the various nomads of the steppe. Few rumours of the Mongols had reached the Rus’ in the following years, and their return was sudden and unexpected. For Batu’s force, the  closest Rus’ principality was  Ryazan, which bravely, but foolishly, refused to submit. The Princes of Ryazan, Murom and Pronsk sent an army against the Mongols, at the start of winter 1237, which was destroyed near the Voronezh River, the Rus’ horsemen pierced by Mongol arrows.   On December 16th, 1237, Batu’s  armies arrived outside Ryazan, surrounding the city with a stockade. On the 21st of December, the city’s wooden walls were breached by catapult and battering ram, the Mongols pouring in. In the words of the Chronicle of Novgorod, the Mongols “killed the Knyaz and the Knyaginya and men, women, and children, monks, nuns and priests, some by fire, some by the sword, and violated nuns, priests’ wives, good women and girls in the presence of their mothers and sisters.” The slaughter was total and indiscriminate. Grand Duke Yuri was unable, or unwilling to help. Some historians such as Alexander Maiorov have suggested based on the Laurentian Chronicle that Yuri had actually accepted a Mongol demand for submission, having sent back their envoys with gifts. In the Chronicle, Roman Igorevich, the brother of the Prince of Ryazan fled with his druzhina bodyguards, hotly pursued by Mongols, making his way to Kolomna on the Oka River. There he was unexpectedly supported by the commander- an officer of Grand Duke Yuri- who tried to help him. The Mongols won the battle, but one of their generals was killed- Kolgen, a son of Chinggis Khan. The killing of a Chinggisid prince was always cause for horrific retaliation, and even if Yuri had accepted submission, or at least hoped to avoid violence, it was too late. The consequence of Kolgen’s death was the rapid assault and sacking of numerous cities across the northern principalities over spring 1238, among them a small town called Moscow on the 15th of January.    Grand Duke Yuri fled north, his capital of Vladimir falling on February 7th, his family killed in the process. On the 4th of March , Yuri and a small force was caught on the Sit’ River by the Mongol Noyan Boroldai. Yuri was captured and suffered a horrific death the sources could only allude to   Only at Torzhok and Kozel’sk did resistance last weeks. Kozel’sk in particular was a bloody affair, aptly defended under its young prince Vasilko. Batu was unable to force the city for almost two months. At one point a wall was breached and the Mongols rushed it, only to be repulsed. Only when  Qadan and Buri arrived with reinforcements was the city to be taken. Before the city fell in May 1238, the citizenry rushed from the gates in an unexpected charge, taking the Mongols by surprise and inflicting heavy casualties, destroying catapults and killing the sons of three commanders before the Mongols overcame them. According to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, the Mongols came to call Kozel’sk “the evil city,” and none dared mention it in their presence. Of the major cities of the northern principalities, only the republic of Novgorod escaped slaughter with the timely submission of its prince, Alexander Nevsky, perhaps aided by the spring melt turning the approaches to the city into marsh and hamphering Mongol advances. Nevsky is most famous today as the victor over the Teutonic Knights at Lake Peipus in 1242, a small victory the Rus’ clung to in an era of devastation. With the onset of warmer weather around May 1238, the Mongols withdrew from northern Rus’ to rest men and horses and take stock of their efforts.   Why did the Rus’ fair so poorly? From December 1237 to May 1238,  the Mongols took the major cities of the northern principalities with few holding out longer than a couple of days. We can boil it down to two main factors. The first being the matter of defenses and weaponry. The defenses of the Rus’ cities were mainly logs on top earthworks, with towers few or non-existent and stone works rare. For catapults designed to bring down the great pounded earth walls of China, such walls provided little defense. Mongol siege techniques were simply far advanced beyond that of the Rus’, where sieges were generally blockades to starve out the inhabitants and catapults exceedingly uncommon. Defenders behind the city walls had nothing to compare to the range of Chinese catapults, leaving them only able to watch as the walls were battered down from afar. Cities and fortresses were, unlike Europe, built on level and approachable ground, making them easy to surround, advance to, and easy to strike with siege machines.    The other cause for the swift Rus’ defeat was the deep fragmentation of the principalities. Princely conflict was tense in the years building up to, and even during, the Mongol invasion,  princes keen to watch their neighbour take the force of the Mongol assault, only to be surprised when they were struck next. In comparison, the Mongols had a mostly unified and effective leadership- though their own princely antagonisms were about to begin to rear their heads. Mongol army units were able to cooperate and move independently from hundreds of kilometres apart, kept in contact with a series of messengers and set timelines to meet. Rather than a massive assemblage moving altogether, the Mongol army split into contingents led by their princes and commanders, units of 1000 darting across Rus’. The sensation within the cities must have been that they were totally surrounded, new parties of Mongols riding to and fro daily, their numbers seemingly endless. Like the cities of the Khwarezmian Empire, the Rus’ cities were basically each left to their own defense, allowing the Mongols to always isolate the enemy and enjoy local superiority in numbers despite the fierceness of the Rus’ garrisons.   By the time Batu ordered the withdrawal for summer 1238, northern Rus’ was devastated. Archaeologically the evidence of the slaughter of men, women and children has sadly corroborated Rus' accoutnts, though the destruction was not as total as commonly portrayed, as Rus’  princes still had military and economic power to continue fighting each other in the following years. Their ability to offer an effective military resistance to the Mongol Empire was broken, and it would be well over a century before the Rus’ could provide a direct military challenge to Mongol forces. Still, not all the principalities were destroyed in this first wave: the south and far western principalities like Chernigov, Kiev, Galicia and Volhynia had not yet been targeted, and the Cuman-Qipchap inhabited steppe between the Caspian and Black Seas still needed to be conquered, the next tasks for Batu and Subutai after their break for summer 1238, and the topic for our next episode, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast and to continue helping us bring you more outstanding content, please visit our patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. Thank you for listening, I am your host David and we will catch you on the next one!

From Wikipedia On the night of 1 July 2002, Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154 passenger jet, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757 cargo jet, collided in mid-air over Überlingen, a southern German town on Lake Constance. All 69 passengers and crew aboard the Tupolev and the two crew members of the Boeing were killed. The official investigation by the German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (German: Bundesstelle für Flugunfalluntersuchung, (BFU)) identified as the main cause of the collision a number of shortcomings on the part of the Swiss air traffic control service in charge of the sector involved, and also ambiguities in the procedures regarding the use of TCAS, the on-board aircraft collision avoidance system. A year and a half after the crash, on 24 February 2004, Peter Nielsen, the air traffic controller on duty at the time of the collision, was murdered in an apparent act of revenge by Vitaly Kaloyev, a Russian citizen who had lost his wife and two children in the accident. Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937 was a chartered flight from Moscow, Russia, to Barcelona, Spain, carrying sixty passengers and nine crew. Forty-five of the passengers were Russian schoolchildren from the city of Ufa in Bashkortostan on a school trip organised by the local UNESCO committee to the Costa Dorada area of Spain. Most of the parents of the children were high-ranking officials in Bashkortostan.[12] One of the fathers was the head of the local UNESCO committee. The aircraft, a Tupolev Tu-154M registered as RA-85816, was piloted by an experienced Russian crew: 52-year-old Captain Alexander Mihailovich Gross (Александр Михайлович Гросс) and 40-year-old First Officer Oleg Pavlovich Grigoriev (Олег Павлович Григорьев). The captain had more than 12,000 flight hours to his credit. Grigoriev, the chief pilot of Bashkirian Airlines, had 8,500 hours of flying experience and his task was to evaluate Captain Gross's performance throughout the flight. 41-year-old Murat Ahatovich Itkulov (Мурат Ахатович Иткулов), a seasoned pilot with close to 7,900 flight hours who was normally the first officer, did not officially serve on duty due to this being the captain's assessment flight. 50-year-old Sergei Gennadyevich Kharlov, a flight navigator with approximately 13,000 flight hours, and 37-year-old Flight Engineer Oleg Irikovich Valeev, who had almost 4,200 flight hours, joined the three pilots in the cockpit. DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757-23APF cargo aircraft registered as A9C-DHL, had originated in Bahrain and was being flown by two Bahrain-based pilots, 47-year-old British Captain Paul Phillips and 34-year-old Canadian First Officer Brant Campioni. Both pilots were very experienced — the captain had logged close to 12,000 flight hours and the first officer had accumulated more than 6,600 flight hours. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was en route from Bergamo, Italy, to Brussels, Belgium. The two aircraft were flying at flight level 360 (36,000 feet, 10,973 m) on a collision course. Despite being just inside the German border, the airspace was controlled from Zürich, Switzerland, by the private Swiss airspace control company Skyguide. The only air traffic controller handling the airspace, Peter Nielsen, was working two workstations at the same time. Partly due to the added workload, and partly due to delayed radar data, he did not realize the problem in time and thus failed to keep the aircraft at a safe distance from each other. Less than a minute before the accident he realised the danger and contacted Flight 2937, instructing the pilot to descend by a thousand feet to avoid collision with crossing traffic (Flight 611). Seconds after the Russian crew initiated the descent, their traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) instructed them to climb, while at about the same time the TCAS on Flight 611 instructed the pilots of that aircraft to descend. Had both aircraft followed those automated instructions, the collision would not have occurred. Flight 611's pilots on the Boeing jet followed the TCAS instructions and initiated a descent, but could not immediately inform Nielsen because the controller was dealing with Flight 2937. About eight seconds before the collision, Flight 611's descent rate was about 2,400 feet per minute (12 m/s), not quite as rapid as the 2,500 to 3,000 ft/min (13 to 15 m/s) range advised by that jet's TCAS; as for the Tupolev, the pilot disregarded his jet's TCAS instruction to climb, having already commenced his descent as instructed by the controller. Thus, both planes were now descending. Unaware of the TCAS-issued alerts, Nielsen repeated his instruction to Flight 2937 to descend, giving the Tupolev crew incorrect information as to the position of the DHL plane (telling them that the Boeing was to the right of the Tupolev when it was in fact to the left). The aircraft collided at 23:35:32 local time, at almost a right angle at an altitude of 34,890 feet (10,630 m), with the Boeing's vertical stabilizer slicing completely through Flight 2937's fuselage just ahead of the Tupolev's wings. The Tupolev broke into several pieces, scattering wreckage over a wide area. The nose section of the aircraft fell vertically, while the tail section with the engines continued, stalled, and fell. The crippled Boeing, now with 80% of its vertical stabilizer lost, struggled for a further seven kilomters (four miles) before crashing into a wooded area close to the village of Taisersdorf at a 70-degree downward angle. Each engine ended up several hundred meters away from the main wreckage, and the tail section was torn from the fuselage by trees just before impact. All 69 people on the Tupolev, and the two on board the Boeing, died.

TQ 108 Arina and Aleksei from St Petersburg, Russia I hosted Arina and Aleksei for three nights on near the beginning of their round-the-world hitchhiking adventure. They had already crossed Russia and Mongolia and most of China. Arina is a lawyer and Aleksei an engineer, and they are taking time out to travel for a year or so. Arina is originally from the Republic of Bashkortostan, while Aleksei grew up in St Petersburg. Listen as they talk about their names, their jobs, and their travels. Some of you will have problems understanding Aleksei because he has a strong Russian accent. Others will enjoy the challenge! Arina said that English was her favorite subject in school, which is why she speaks so well. And even though Aleksei has a strong accent, his vocabulary is quite good. Here are some words that we used that you may not know: nanny, puppet, diminutive, to be inspired by someone/something, saint, fortress, infrastructure, contractor, peninsula.

Jimbo has Michael Cox, Carl Anka and Sasha Goryunov for company to analyse United's collapse at Brighton. Plus, condiments and tales from the German Cup RUNNING ORDER: • PART 1: Brighton, buzzcuts and bandanas - Man U’s horror show (02m 00s) • PART 2a: City terrifying against the Terriers (11m 50s) • PART 2b: Chelsea 3 - 2 Arsenal (20m 30s) • PART 3a: The West Ham jambalaya (28m 40s) 
• PART 3b: Spurs 3 - 1 Fulham (33m 20s)
 • PART 4: European round-up - with added Bashkortostan and Kyrgyzstan news (36m 00s) • PART 5a: The rest of the PL - including Kenedy’s game to forget, Watford looking good, and Richardson for the golden boot (45m 20s)
 • PART 5b: The odds with Paddy Power’s Lee Price (57m 50s)
 • PART 6: Exeunt ones (59m 30s) LIVE NEWS: • we're in [**London on Mon 24 Sept at the Queen Elizabeth Hall**](https://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/whats-on/128635-totally-football-show-live-james-richardson-2018) • and we’re in [Manchester on Friday 5 October at the RNCM](https://www.seetickets.com/tour/the-totally-football-show-live) CHARITY NEWS: • we’re working with **CALM**, the Campaign Against Living Miserably, who are dedicated to preventing male suicide.  [Head to the Calm Zone](https://www.thecalmzone.net/) 
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- Ufa Special: Landysh rocks in Bashkortostan - The Operation "Poppy": Policemen hunting wild cannabis bushes - Eating marihuana: Our parents happy childhood - Having an English lesson while under the influence: Does it help? - New non-smoking law: Massive protests! - Dating websites for dogs - Teaching cats where to go to the toilet - Asias Dacha: The curse of Viktoria!

MICHAEL DARKHALLOWNewsThe Flight Of The YetiDid packs of wild yeti migrate into the southeast United States during the past week's winter storm? If the accounts from travelers caught out in the near white-out conditions (in some areas) are to be believed, then YES!The Mysterious M.I.N.G.sHave YOU been visited by the Men In Neon Green over the past week?  If you have, then the odds are that you wouldn't even remember it.  If you've seen the M.I.N.G.s visiting others in your neighborhood, then the odds are that your memory has been… modified.Phantasmal City Over RussiaIn Bashkortostan Russia, or rather over Bashkortostan, a shimmering, quavering image of another place has appeared, with a skyline all its own.  In fact, described by dozens of Russian natives as mirage-like, the objects on the other side may be from another time altogether.  Here is a similar happening in China that is poorly explained as 'an optical illusion'.  DHP has no footage of the incident currently ongoing in Russia.Strange Serpentine Off Coast Of AustraliaWeather radar in Australia is showing a strange S-shaped phenomenon of the western coast of the continent that defies explanation.  Well, reasonable explanation, at least.  Could it be a sea-serpent?