Leftist Reading

Episode 159:This week we're reading two essays from The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle The Master's House by Audre Lorde.The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle The Master's House - 1:07Uses of Anger: Women Responding to Racism - 10:26

Episode 158:This week we're finishing:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 20]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 21 - 22]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism[Part 23 - This Week]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism 2. Dialectical Path of Consciousness to Truth b. Truth, and the Relationship Between Truth and Reality - 0:41Annotation 232: 2:19 - 3:36Annotation 233: 4:39 - 6:04Annotation 234: 7:02 - 10:25Annotation 235: 10:55 - 16:55Annotation 236: 18:04 - 20:16Annotation 237: 20:32 - 22:37Annotation 238: 24:38 - 24:52Annotation 239: 26:04 - 32:48[Part 23]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 26:07Truth and Practical Activities have a dialectical relationship in which truth develops through practice, and practice develops through the correct application of truth.Figure 2 - 27:17Truth and practical activities mutually develop one another over time.Footnotes3) 2:16Conspectus of Hegel's Science of Logic, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.4) 17:35Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1908.5) 23:56Once Again On The Trade Unions, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1921.

Episode 157:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 20]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 21]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism[Part 22 - This Week]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism 1. Praxis, Consciousness, and the Role of Praxis in Consciousness c. The Relationship Between Praxis and Consciousness - 0:18Annotation 221: 0:55 - 1:45Annotation 222: 6:22 - 8:52Annotation 223: 9:03 - 10:07 2. Dialectical Path of Consciousness to Truth - 10:42 a. Opinions of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin about the Dialectical Path of Consciousness to Truth - 10:47Annotation 224: 10:53 - 11:18Annotation 225: 12:05 - 14:23Annotation 226: 14:49 - 15:41Annotation 227: 18:37 - 20:40Annotation 228: 23:28 - 27:06Annotation 229: 28:00 - 28:53Annotation 230: 29:38 - 31:12Annotation 231: 32:24 - 35:08[Part 23]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 15:26The cognitive process is a continuous cycle which describes the dialectical development of consciousness and practical activity.Figure 2 - 18:46Figure 3 - 23:45Figure 4 - 29:42The dialectical relationship between consciousness and practical activities means that conscious activities develop practical activities, and vice versa, in a continuous feedback loop. Figure 5 - 30:39The dialectical relationship between consciousness and practical activity is what drives the development of humanity. We imagine better ways of doing things, then test those ideas against reality through practical activity. Footnotes1) 5:10Theses On Feuerbach, Karl Marx, 1845.2) 5:35Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1908.

Episode 156:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 20]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 21 - This Week]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism - 0:41Annotation 210: 1:15 - 2:51 1. Praxis, Consciousness, and the Role of Praxis in Consciousness a. Praxis and Basic Forms of Praxis - 2:52Annotation 211: 3:29 - 8:17Annotation 212: 9:34 - 11:54Annotation 213: 12:51 - 14:40 b. Consciousness and Levels of Consciousness - 14:42Annotation 214: 16:16 - 18:16Annotation 215: 18:34 - 19:30Annotation 216: 19:44 - 26:00Annotation 217: 28:30 - 30:50Annotation 218: 31:29 - 32:34Annotation 219: 33:58 - 34:33Annotation 220: 36:12 - 37:12[Part 22 - 25?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 14:04Material production activity has a dialectical relationship with all other praxis activity, with material production activity determining, while being impacted by, all other forms of praxis activity.Figure 2 - 24:49Empirical and theoretical consciousness have a dialectical relationship in which empirical consciousness and theoretical consciousness lead to and mutually develop one another.Figure 3 - 29:39Empirical consciousness and theoretical consciousness have a dialectical relationship with one another. Our observations of the material world lead to conscious activity which we then test in reality through conscious activity, and so on, in a never-ending cycle of dialectical development.Figure 4 - 35:55Ordinary consciousness refers to the passive observation of reality which takes place in our daily lives. Scientific consciousness refers to the systematic application of consciousness to solve specific problems in a methodological manner.

Episode 155:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 19]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics IV. Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics[Part 20 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics IV. Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics 3. Law of Negation of Negation - 0:37 a. Definition of Negation and Dialectical Negation - 0:57Annotation 195: 2:02 - 6:37Annotation 196: 6:53 - 13:21Annotation 197: 13:47 - 15:29Annotation 198: 15:51 - 17:17Annotation 199: 17:30 - 19:54Annotation 200: 20:53 - 29:46 b. Negation of Negation - 30:02Annotation 201: 30:21 - 35:26Annotation 202: 35:48 - 36:47Annotation 203: 37:16 - 41:10Annotation 204: 41:31 - 42:16Annotation 205: 43:57 - 44:17 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 44:18Annotation 206: 45:26 - 46:46Annotation 207: 47:12 - 48:41Annotation 208: 49:02 - 49:52Annotation 209: 50:10 - 52:14[Part 21 - 25?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 2:47An overview of various forms of negation as they relate to dialectical development.Figure 2 - 3:18Replacement negation refers to the replacement of one thing, phenomenon, or idea with another through dialectical negation.Figure 3 - 4:33Terminal negation refers to the end of a specific cycle of development.Figure 4 - 8:29The metaphysical perspective of terminal negation views negation as an essentially terminal process representing the end point of the existence of a static and isolated thing, phenomenon, or idea.Figure 5 - 23:32A common misperception of dialectical development is that it is “fully negative,” insomuch as the initial thesis (initial subject) is completely negated by the antithesis (impacting subject). In fact, characteristics from both the thesis and antithesis are carried forward into the synthesis.Figure 6 - 25:17In materialist dialectics, it is understood that negation is a process of retention: characteristics from both the thesis (initial subject) and antithesis (impacting subject) are retained in the resulting synthesis.Figure 7 - 30:52The metaphysical “line development” model sees an initial form as being “replaced” or entirely negated into a completely distinct entity.Figure 8 - 33:05The “Spiral Development” model of materialist dialectics sees every stage of development as a higher form of the previous stage which carries forward characteristics from previous stages.Figure 9 - 37:30The cyclical pattern of development is an abstract pattern of dialectical change over time.Figure 10 - 38:56In this example, a new car goes through a cyclical pattern of development in which the third form (new steel) possesses characteristics of the first form (a new car).Figure 11 - 39:40The development of class structure is a dialectical process in which different classes synthesize to form the next era of class society. For example, the capitalist class emerged primarily as a synthesis of the feudal lords and peasants of the medieval era.Footnotes:10) 20:51Conspectus of Hegel's Science of Logic, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.11) 41:29Conspectus of Hegel's Science of Logic, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.12) 42:45Karl Marx, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.13) 43:56Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.

Episode 154:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 18]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics[Part 19 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics IV. Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics 2. Law of Unification and Contradiction Between Opposites - 0:23Annotation 182: 1:05 - 1:49 a. Definitions of Contradiction and Common Characteristics of Contradiction - 1:49Annotation 183: 2:30 - 5:20Annotation 184: 6:10 - 6:53Annotation 185: 8:07 - 9:10Annotation 186: 9:52 - 13:26Annotation 187: 13:35 - 14:48 b. Motion Process of Contradictions - 14:49Annotation 188: 15:11 - 16:40Annotation 189: 17:23 - 18:42Annotation 190: 19:34 - 20:47Annotation 191: 21:27 - 26:44Annotation 192: 27:35 - 29:38 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 29:39Annotation 193: 30:16 - 30:35Annotation 194: 31:11 - 32:16[Part 20 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 3:06In the metaphysical conception of contradiction, the negated “disappears” and is not represented in the resulting synthesis.Figure 2 - 4:05The materialist dialectical conception of contradiction recognizes that contradicting subjects are defined by their relationship and that the synthesis of the contradiction carries forward attributes and characteristics from both the negator and the negated.Figure 3 - 18:03War, disease, and economy are all examples of unity in contradiction.Figure 4 - 25:43Relative Unity refers to the temporary and relative nature of specific relationships which define and unify specific contradictions; Absolute Struggle refers to the permanent, constant nature of development through contradiction.Figure 4 - 25:43The relationship between relative unity and absolute struggle defines and drives change, motion, and development through contradiction.Footnotes:4) 0:48Summary of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.5) 8:05Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1877.6) 17:22On the Questions of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1915.7) 21:25On the Questions of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1915.8) 27:34On the Questions of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1915.9) 30:14On the Questions of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1915.

Episode 153:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 17]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics[Part 18 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics IV. Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics - 0:25Annotation 161: 2:29 - 3:27Annotation 162: 4:09 - 4:43 1. Law of Transformation Between Quantity and Quality - 02:29Annotation 163: 5:01 - 5:59Annotation 164: 6:29 - 8:58 a. Definitions of Quality and Quantity - 09:16Annotation 165: 9:34 - 12:14Annotation 166: 12:58 - 13:52Annotation 167: 13:59 - 14:28Annotation 168: 14:43 - 16:10Annotation 169: 16:21 - 16:44Annotation 170: 16:54 - 17:38Annotation 171: 18:40 - 19:20 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Quantity and Quality - 3:04Annotation 172: 19:52 - 20:29Annotation 173: 21:01 - 22:09Annotation 174: 22:27 - 22:55Annotation 175: 23:47 - 24:45Annotation 176: 24:51 - 26:05Annotation 177: 26:45 - 27:59Annotation 178: 28:53 - 31:32 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 12:06Annotation 179: 32:32 - 34:56Annotation 180: 35:55 - 38:58Annotation 181: 39:31 - 40:07[Part 19 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 21:04The quantity range is a range of quantities between quality shifts.Figure 2 - 22:30Figure 3 - 23:12A quality shift occurs when a quantity changes beyond a threshold, leading to a change in quality.Figure 4 - 24:53The Quantity Range (A) refers to the range of quantities between two qualities in the process of development. The Quality Shift (B) refers to the point at which quantity accumulates to the point of changing the Quality of the developing subject. The Period of Motion (C) includes both the quantity range and the quality shifts themselves. Figure 5 - 30:04Quality refers to the differences which are distinguished in human consciousness between one subject and another, or changes in a subject's form over time. Footnotes:1) 26:43Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.2) 39:53See Annotation 108.3) 40:00See Annotation 207.

Episode 152:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 16]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 1. Private and Common 2. Reason and Result 3. Obviousness and Randomness 4. Content and Form[Part 17 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 5. Essence and Phenomenon - 00:30 a. Categories of Essence and Phenomenon - 00:30Annotation 155: 1:01 - 3:04 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Essence and Phenomenon - 3:04Annotation 156: 4:22 - 12:05 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 12:06Annotation 157: 12:28 - 14:22 6. Possibility and Reality - 17:44 a. Categories of Possibility and Reality - 17:44 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Possibility and Reality - 18:12Annotation 159: 18:52 - 22:26 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 22:57Annotation 160: 23:50 - 24:16[Part 18 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFootnotes:5) 3:59Philosophical Notebooks, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914-16.6) 14:37Philosophical Notebooks, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914-16.7) 23:21To N. D. Kiknadze, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, written after November 5, 1916.

Episode 151:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 15]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 1. Private and Common 2. Reason and Result 3. Obviousness and Randomness[Part 16 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 4. Content and Form - 00:24 a. Categories of Content and Form - 00:24Annotation 150: 0:57 - 17:50 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Content and Form - 17:52Annotation 151: 18:26 - 19:21Annotation 152: 19:39 - 22:25Annotation 153: 22:47 - 25:09 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 25:10Annotation 154: 26:02 - 29:04[Part 17 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 3:51A material object can be described in terms of content, inner form, and outer form.Figure 2 - 11:36Figure 3 - 20:30Quantity changes in Content lead to quality shifts in Form.Footnotes:4) 3:26See Annotation 10 and Annotation 108.

Episode 150:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 14]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 1. Private and Common[Part 15 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics 2. Reason and Result - 0:39 a. Categories of Reason and Result - 0:39Annotation 136: 1:17 - 4:51 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Reason and Result - 4:53Annotation 137: 5:51 - 10:12Annotation 138: 10:19 - 10:46Annotation 139: 10:55 - 12:01Annotation 140: 12:56 - 13:34 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 13:34Annotation 141: 14:02 - 14:26Annotation 142: 15:07 - 17:02 3. Obviousness and Randomness - 17:03 a. Categories of Obviousness and Randomness - 17:03Annotation 143: 17:12 - 17:58Annotation 144: 18:16 - 18:59Annotation 145: 19:21 - 20:03 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Obviousness and Randomness - 20:05Annotation 146: 20:20 - 20:36Annotation 147: 20:54 - 23:07Annotation 148: 23:46 - 24:41 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 24:42Annotation 149: 25:25 - 26:48[Part 16 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 1:56Metaphysical vs. Materialist Dialectical conceptions of development. Figure 2 - 2:39Metaphysical vs. Materialist Dialectical conceptions of frying and eating an egg. Figure 3 - 6:17Direct Reasons stem from immediate relations.Figure 4 - 6:45Indirect Reasons have an intervening relationship between the Reason and the Result. Figure 5 - 7:50Internal Reasons stem from internal relationships. Figure 6 - 8:14External Reasons stem from external relations. Footnotes:2) 12:55Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, Friedrich Engels, 1880.3) 23:25Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, Friedrich Engels, 1886.

Episode 149:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 13]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics[Part 14 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics III. Basic Pairs of Categories of Materialist Dialectics - 0:28Annotation 126: 0:54 - 1:27Annotation 127: 3:21 - 4:02Annotation 128: 4:30 - 5:53 1. Private and Common a. Categories of Private and Common - 5:54Annotation 129: 6:40 - 21:24 b. Dialectical Relationship Between Private and Common - 21:25Annotation 130: 21:47 - 22:30Annotation 131: 22:49 - 23:22Annotation 132: 23:46 - 25:14 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 26:28Annotation 133: 27:00 - 28:01Annotation 134: 28:21 - 33:53Annotation 135: 34:06 - 35:06[Part 15 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 3:25The categories of specific sciences are limited to the scope of study, while the categories of materialist dialectics encompass all things, phenomena, and ideas. Figure 2 - 6:34Figure 3 - 8:25All private subjects have attributes in common with other private subjects. Figure 4 - 9:15All private subjects have attributes in common with other private subjects. Figure 5 - 10:04All things, phenomena, and ideas contain the unique, the private, and the common. Figure 6 - 12:27“Unique” things, phenomena, and ideas can become “common” through development processes (and vice-versa). Figure 7 - 27:23Dialectical analysis of private and common characteristics involves observing private subjects to determine common attributes and considering common attributes to gain insights about private subjects. Footnotes:1) 26:20On the Question of Dialectics, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1915.

Episode 148:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - 12]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics 1. The Principle of General Relationships[Part 13 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics 2. Principle of Development a. Definition of Development - 0:31Annotation 117: 1:02 - 6:59Annotation 118: 7:17 - 11:25Annotation 119: 12:32 - 13:09 b. Characteristics of Development - 13:10Annotation 120: 13:30 - 14:47Annotation 121: 15:07 - 15:52Annotation 122: 16:25 - 16:45Annotation 123: 17:38 - 17:53 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 17:55Annotation 124: 18:48 - 19:17Annotation 125: 19:58 - 20:35[Part 14 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 2:02In the process of development, Quantity Change leads to Quality Change.Figure 2 - 3:40All of these have the quality of water because of the molecular quantities of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, however, from the perspective of volume, quantity changes still lead to quality changes.Figure 3 - 5:21The same human being will undergo various quality changes as age quantity increases over time.Figure 4 - 6:09Metaphysics only consider linear properties of quantity change; Materialist Dialectics takes quantity changes and quality shifts into consideration when considering change over time.Figure 5 - 8:06The concept of “change” in materialist dialectics centers on internal and external relationships causing mutual impacts which lead to quantity changes which build into quality shifts.Figure 6 - 10:34Both flooding and flood recession are development processes with the same forward tendency. Flood recession may appear to be a “reversal,” but it is in fact forward development.Figure 7 - 14:08Dialectical Development consists of Quantity and Quality Shifts, which in turn derive from motion. Footnotes:7) 13:18See: Annotation 108.8) 13:21See: Annotation 106.9) 13:24See: Annotation 107.10) 18:28Once Again On The Trade Unions, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1921. See also: Mode and Forms of Existence of Matter.11) 18:42See Annotation 62.12) 21:32Once Again On The Trade Unions, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1921.

Episode 147:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics[Part 12 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics II. Basic Principles of Marxist Dialectics - 0:33Annotation 103: 0:36-1:14 1. The Principle of General Relationships - 1:14Annotation 104: 1:23-4:10Annotation 105: 4:31-6:21Annotation 106: 7:11-8:27Annotation 107: 9:08-12:03 b. Characteristics of Relationships - 12:05Annotation 108: 12:29-14:36Annotation 109: 15:05-16:05Annotation 110: 16:39-17:16Annotation 111: 17:46-18:28Annotation 112: 19:22-22:23 c. Meaning of the Methodology - 22:56Annotation 113: 24:10-24:55Annotation 114: 25:38-27:26Annotation 115: 27:44-30:05Annotation 116: 30:13-32:08[Part 13 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 0:39The Principle of General Relationships and the Principle of Development are the most basic principles of materialist dialectics. These two principles are dialectically related to one another. Figure 2 - 5:40Figure 3 - 7:14Figure 4 - 10:28An infinite diversity of relationships exist within the unity of the material world. Figure 5 - 11:14Universal relationships which unite all things, phenomena, and ideas manifest in infinitely diverse ways.Figure 6 - 13:02All things, phenomena, and ideas have the relative characteristic of objectiveness. Figure 7 - 13:42Alice and Bob are external to one another; each is objective from the other's perspective. Figure 8 - 14:14The relationship between Alice and Bob has objective characteristics to both Alice and Bob. Figure 9 - 24:14The comprehensive viewpoint sees the subject in terms of all of its internal and external relationships. Figure 10 - 47:47A historical viewpoint focuses on the roles and positions of relationships and properties of subjects as well as their development over time. Footnotes:1) 8:42See Private and Common; Essence and Phenomenon.2) 8:47See Annotation 117.3) 8:52See Annotation 190.4) 18:36See Annotation 108.5) 18:39See The Principle of General Relationships.6) 24:08Once Again On The Trade Unions, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1921.

Episode 146:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 10]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 11 - This Week]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics - 0:27 I. Dialectics and Materialist Dialectics - 1:12 1. Dialectics and Basic Forms of Dialectics - 1:12 a. Definitions of Dialectics and the Subjective Dialectic - 1:12 b. Basic Forms of Dialectics - 4:01 2. Materialist Dialectics - 24:19 a. Definition of Materialist Dialectics - 24:19 b. Basic Features and Roles of Materialist Dialectics - 25:48[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFootnotes:1) 1:01Karl Marx, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.2) 1:44See Annotation 9.3) 2:40Dialectics of Nature, Friedrich Engels, 1883.4) 5:57Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, Friedrich Engels, 1880.5) 6:39The Old Preface to Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.6) 8:43The Old Preface to Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.7) 17:16Kant's “transcendental dialectic” was used to critique rationalism and pure reason, but was not a fully developed dialectical system of thought. Hegel's idealist dialectics were more universal in nature. See Annotation 9.8) 18:20The Old Preface to Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.9) 19:45Conspectus of Hegel's Science of Logic, Vladimir Ilyich. Lenin, 1914.10) 21:52Afterword to the Second German Edition of Capital Volume I, Karl Marx, 1873.11) 24:16Anti-Dühring, The 1885 Preface, Friedrich Engels, 1878.12) 24:47Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels, 1878.13) 24:54See The Principle of General Relationships.14) 25:12Dialectics of Nature, Friedrich Engels, 1883.15) 25:17See Annotation 117.16) 25:46The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1913.17) 28:07See Annotation 98.

Episode 145:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 8]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism I. Materialism and Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 1. Matter 2. Consciousness a. The Source of Consciousness[Part 10 - This Week]Chapter 1: Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 3. The Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness - 0:45Annotation 90: 1:12 - 3:15 a. The Role of Matter in Consciousness - 3:16Annotation 91: 4:47-5:33 b. The Role of Consciousness in Matter - 6:09Annotation 92: 7:20-7:55Annotation 93: 10:28-10:56 4. Meaning of the Methodology - 10:57Annotation 94: 11:50-12:37Annotation 95: 16:04-25:36-Discussion: 25:38[Part 11 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 4:49Figure 2 - 9:47Matter determines consciousness while consciousness impacts matter indirectly through human activityFigure 3 - 16:06Developing revolutionary public knowledge must be preceded by mastery of knowledge and a firm grounding in the role and nature of knowledge.Footnotes:18) 5:52For a discussion of the material basis of social laws, see Annotation 10, Annotation 78, and Annotation 7919) 9:19See: Annotation 72.20) 9:25See: Annotation 90.21) 9:31See: The Role of Matter in Consciousness.22) 9:45See: The Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness.23) 10:07See: Annotation 68.24) 10:14See: Nature and Structure of Consciousness.25) 10:20See: Annotation 93.26) 10:26See: Annotation 10.27) 11:04For discussion of the meaning of methodology, see Methodology. 28) 11:22See: Nature of Consciousness.29) 11:28See: The Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness.30) 14:52See: Annotation 211.31) 14:57See: Annotation 114.32) 15:00See: Nature and Structure of Consciousness.33) 15:19See: Annotation 222.34) 15:22See: The Opposition of Materialism and Idealism in Solving Basic Philosophical Issues.35) 15:55See: Annotation 10.36) 16:36See: Annotation 232 and The Properties of Truth.37) 18:54See: Praxis, Consciousness, and the Role of Praxis in Consciousness.

Episode 144:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 8]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism I. Materialism and Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 1. Matter 2. Consciousness a. The Source of Consciousness[Part 8 - This Week]Chapter 1: Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 2. Consciousness b. Nature and Structure of Consciousness - 0:35 -Nature of Consciousness - 0:38Annotation 77: 2:41 - 5:44Annotation 78: 5:58 - 7:53Annotation 79: 8:03 - 8:55Annotation 80: 9:06 - 11:36 -Structure of Consciousness - 11:38Annotation 81: 11:53 - 12:50Annotation 82: 13:09 - 16:23Annotation 83: 16:38 - 17:14Annotation 84: 17:31 - 20:03Annotation 85: 20:46 - 21:26Annotation 86: 21:41 - 23:22Annotation 87: 23:38 - 24:15Annotation 88: 24:56 - 28:13Annotation 89: 28:38 - 30:10[Part 9 - 11?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 2 - 17:47Figure 3 - 18:39Figure 4 - 19:18Footnotes:17) 2:39The German Ideology, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1846.

Episode 143:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - 7]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism I. Materialism and Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 1. Matter[Part 8 - This Week]Chapter 1: Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness 2. Consciousness - 0:31 a. The Source of Consciousness - 0:34Annotation 67: 0:45 - 1:23 -Natural Source of Consciousness - 1:24Annotation 68: 3:34 - 5:43Annotation 69: 6:22 - 8:55Annotation 70: 10:05 - 10:41Annotation 71: 10:52 - 11:41Annotation 72: 12:18 - 37:19 Lenin's Proof of the Theory of Reflection - 26:59 -Social Sources of Consciousness - 37:20Annotation 73: 37:46 - 39:42Annotation 74: 39:53 - 40:08Annotation 75: 41:01 - 45:38Annotation 76: 46:30 - 48:17[Part 9 - 11?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 2:56Consciousness exists as a dynamic set of relationships between the external material world, human sense perception, and the functions of the human brain.Figure 2 - 5:09This chart outlines the basic development tendency of Forms of Reflection in matter which lead from inorganic matter, to life, to human consciousness and society. Figure 3 - 6:41Physical Reflection: Change in PositionFigure 4 - 7:17Physical Reflection: Change in StructureFigure 5 - 7:46Chemical Reflection: Single ReplacementFigure 6 - 46:07This diagram is based on work from an article titled “Evidence in Hand: Recent Discoveries and the Early Evolution of Human Manual Manipulation.”[footnote 15] Modern research has discovered strong evidence [footnote 16] that the human hand evolved along with tool use, in line with Engels' analysis in Dialectics of Nature.Figure 7 - 48:00Human language and human labor mutually develop one another through a dialectical process to develop human nature. Simultaneously, human nature and human society mutually develop one another through a dialectical process. Footnotes:14) 16:36Source: “Food for Thought: Was Cooking a Pivotal Step in Human Evolution?” by Alexandra Rosati, Scientific American, February 26, 2018.15) 46:17Written by Professor Tracy L. Kivell and published in The Royal Society.16) 46:22Stone Tools Helped Shape Human Hands by Sara Reardon, published in New Scientist Magazine.

Episode 142:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism I. Materialism and Dialectical Materialism[Part 7 - This Week]Chapter 1: Dialectical Materialism II. Dialectical Materialist Opinions About Matter, Consciousness, and the Relationship Between Matter and Consciousness - 0:34 1. Matter - 0:42 a. Category of “Matter” - 0:44Annotation 57: 3:40 - 9:49Annotation 58: 10:08 - 16:04Annotation 59: 16:47 - 18:57 b. Mode and Forms of Existence of Matter - 22:07Annotation 60: 22:22 - 23:22Annotation 61: 24:03 - 25:06Annotation 62: 25:17 - 30:13Annotation 63: 32:14 - 32:35Annotation 64: 33:34 - 36:15Annotation 65: 37:20 - 37:35 c. The Material Unity of the World - 38:05Annotation 66: 39:35 - 40:04[Part 8 - 11?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigure 1 - 31:00Footnotes:1) 2:01According to the Samkhya school, Pradhana is the original form of matter in an unmanifested,indifferentiated state; Prakriti is manifested matter, differentiated in form, which contains potential for motion.2) 2:10Thales, ~642 - ~547 B.C. (Greek): Philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, politician.3) 2:14Anaximene, ~585 - ~525 B.C. (Greek): Philosopher.4) 2:17Heraclitus, ~540 - ~480 B.C. (Greek): Philosopher, founder of ancient dialectics.5) 2:22Democritus, ~460 - ~370 B.C. (Greek): Philosopher, naturalist, a founder of atom theory.6) 2:37Francis Bacon, 1561 - 1626 (British): Philosopher, novelist, mathematician, political activist.7) 2:40Rene Descartes, 1596 - 1650 (Fench): Philosopher, mathematician, physicist.8) 2:43Thomas Hobbes, 1588 - 1679 (British): Political philosopher, political activist.9) 2:46Denis Diderot, 1713 - 1784 (French): Philosopher, novelist.10) 16:14Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, 1845-1923 (German): Physicist.11) 16:17Henri Becquerel, 1852-1908 (French): Physicist.12) 16:19Sir Joseph John Thomson, 1856-1940 (British): Physicist, professor at London Royal Institute.13) 25:15In the original Vietnamese, the word tự vận động is used here, which we roughly translate to the word self-motion throughout this book. Literally, tự vận động means: “it moves itself.”

Episode 141:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 5]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism[Part 6 - This Week]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-Leninism - 0:25Annotation 47: 1:41 - 2:34Annotation 48: 2:42 - 3:16Annotation 49: 4:38 - 6:39Excerpt from Modifying the Working Style - 7:07Chapter 1: Dialectical Materialism - 9:17 I. Materialism and Dialectical Materialism - 9:58 1. The Opposition of Materialism and Idealism in Solving Basic Philosophical Issues - 10:03Annotation 50: 12:22 - 12:44Annotation 51: 12:56 - 14:07Annotation 52: 14:22 - 18:04Annotation 53: 18:48 - 20:28Annotation 54: 20:54 - 22:11 2. Dialectical Materialism - the Most Advanced Form of Materialism - 22:11Annotation 55: 24:00 - 25:16Annotation 56: 26:18 - 26:32[Part 7 - 11?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFigures:Figure 1 - 4:55Dialectical Materialism and Materialist Dialectics.Figure 2 - 5:24Relationship between Dialectical Materialism and Materialist Dialectics.Figure 3 - 7:02Ho Chi Minh training cadres in 1959.Footnotes:1) 4:18The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1913.2) 4:28Karl Marx, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1914.3) 10:42Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, Friedrich Engels, 1886.

Episode 140:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 4]Introduction to the Basic Principles of MarxismI. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism[Part 5 - This Week]II. Objects, Purposes and Requirements for Studying the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism 1. Objects and Purposes of Study - 0:40 Annotation 42: 0:52-1:45 Annotation 43: 2:40-3:32 Annotation 44: 4:08-4:20 Annotation 45: 5:33-5:58 2. Some Basic Requirements of the Studying Method - 5:59 Annotation 46: 6:33-16:24[Part 6 - 11?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 12 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism

Episode 139:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 3]Introduction to the Basic Principles of MarxismI. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism 1. Marxism and the Three Constituent Parts 2. Summary of the Birth and Development of Marxism-Leninism a. Conditions and Premises of the Birth of Marxism b. The Birth and Development Stage of Marxism[Part 4 - This Week] c. The Defending and Developing Stage of Marxism - 0:24Annotation 33: 1:25-2:19Annotation 34: 2:38 - 6:13Annotation 35: 6:54 - 10:08Annotation 36: 12:14 - 14:30Annotation 37: 14:57 - 19:57 d. Marxism-Leninism and the Reality of the International Revolutionary Movement - 20:16Annotation 38: 20:44 - 21:37Annotation 39: 23:08 - 24:12Annotation 40: 26:49 - 27:39Annotation 41: 28:33 - 30:51[Part 5 - 6?]II. Objects, Purposes and Requirements for Studying the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism[Part 7 - 12?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 13 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFootnotes:15) 0:53Populist faction: A faction within the Russian revolution which upheld an idealist capitalist ideology with many representatives such as Mikhailovsky, Bakunin, and Plekhanov. Populists failed to recognise the important roles of the people, of the farmers and workers alliance, and of the proletariat. Instead, they completely centered the role of the individual in society. They considered the rural communes as the nucleus of “socialism.” They saw farmers under the leadership of intellectuals as the main force of the revolution. The populists advocated individual terrorism as the primary method of revolutionary struggle.16) 26:48Delegate Document of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam.17) 27:59Delegate document of the 9th national congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam.18) 28:31Delegate document of the 10th national congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Episode 138:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - 2]Introduction to the Basic Principles of MarxismI. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism 1. Marxism and the Three Constituent Parts 2. Summary of the Birth and Development of Marxism-Leninism a. Conditions and Premises of the Birth of Marxism[Part 3 - This Week] b. The Birth and Development Stage of Marxism - 0:36Annotation 21: 2:17 - 2:30Annotation 22: 2:49 - 3:29Annotation 23: 3:57 - 4:23Annotation 24: 4:32 - 4:58Annotation 25: 5:18 - 5:42Annotation 26: 7:10 - 7:28Annotation 27: 7:49 - 8:07Annotation 28: 8:35 - 9:12Annotation 29: 9:36 - 12:35Annotation 30: 12:46 - 13:55Annotation 31: 14:51 - 15:33 b. The Defending and Developing Stage of Marxism - 15:33 - Historical Background and the Need for Defending and Developing Marxism - 15:38Annotation 32: 17:03 - 27:35[Part 4 - 5]I. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism[Part 6]II. Objects, Purposes and Requirements for Studying the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism[Part 7 - 12?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 13 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical Materialism

Episode 137:This week we're continuing with:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1]Introduction to the Basic Principles of MarxismI. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism 1. Marxism and the Three Constituent Parts 2. Summary of the Birth and Development of Marxism-Leninism[Part 2 - This Week]-Theoretical PremisesAnnotation 6: 1:05 - 1:38Annotation 7: 1:57 - 2:25Annotation 8: 2:30 - 7:18Annotation 9: 7:28 - 9:54Annotation 10: 10:07 - 18:11Annotation 12: 18:53 - 25:12Annotation 13: 26:10 - 30:13Annotation 14: 30:28 - 36:07Annotation 15: 36:21 - 36:35Annotation 16: 36:54 - 37:13Annotation 17: 38:19 - 42:32-Natural Science Premises - 42:50Annotation 18: 43:08 - 43:16Annotation 19: 44:14 - 49:02Annotation 20: 49:26 - 50:27[Part 3 - 5]I. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism[Part 6]II. Objects, Purposes and Requirements for Studying the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism[Part 7 - 12?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 13 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFootnotes:5) 1:45 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1770 - 1831 (German): Philosophy professor, an objective idealistic philosopher - representative of German classical philosophy.6) 1:48Ludwig Feuerbach, 1804 - 1872 (German): Philosophy professor, materialist philosopher.7) 24:35The Holy Family is a book co-written by Marx and Engels which critiqued the Young Hegelians, including Feuerbach.8) 25:20Adam Smith, 1723 - 1790 (British): Logic professor, moral philosophy professor, economist.9) 25:23David Ricardo, 1772 - 1823 (British): Economist.10) 37:23Claude Henri de Rouvroy Saint Simon, 1760 - 1825 (French): Philosopher, economist, utopianist activist.11) 37:28Charles Fourier, 1772 - 1837 (French): Philosopher, economist, utopianist activist.12) 37:32Robert Owen, 1771 - 1858 (British): Utopianist activist, owner of a cotton factory.13) 38:05The Law of Development of Capitalism referenced here is the Theory of Accumulation/Surplus Value, which holds that the capitalist class gains wealth by accumulating surplus value (i.e., profits) and then reinvesting it into more capital to gain even further wealth; thus the goal of the capitalist class is to accumulate more and more surplus value which leads to the development of capitalism. Over time, this deepens the contradictions of capitalism. This concept is related to the M→C→M mode of circulation, discussed in Annotation 14, and is discussed in detail in Part 3 of the book this text is drawn from (Political Economy) which we hope to translate in the future.

Episode 136:This week we're starting a new book:The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismWritten for the Vietnamese curriculum and translated by Luna NguyenYou can purchase a copy and support translation of the further curriculum here:https://www.banyanhouse.org/product/ebook-the-worldview-and-philosophical-methodology-of-marxism-leninism[Part 1 - This Week]Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism - 3:39I. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism - 3:39 1. Marxism and the Three Constituent Parts - 3:39 Annotation 1: 5:57 - 7:31 2. Summary of the Birth and Development of Marxism-Leninism - 7:50 Annotation 2: 8:22 - 8:46 Annotation 3: 9:26 - 21:43 Annotation 4: 22:03 - 23:59 Annotation 5: 24:31 - 27:25[Part 2 - 5]I. Brief History of Marxism-Leninism[Part 6]II. Objects, Purposes and Requirements for Studying the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism[Part 7 - 12?]Part I: The Worldview and Philosophical Methodology of Marxism-LeninismChapter 1: Dialectical Materialism[Part 13 - 25?]Chapter 2: Materialist Dialectics[Part 26 - 30?]Chapter 3: Cognitive Theory of Dialectical MaterialismFootnotes:1) 4:01Karl Marx, 1818-1883 (German): Theorist, politician, dialectical materialist philosopher, political economist, founder of scientific socialism, leader of the international working class. ↵2) 4:04Friedrich Engels, 1820-1895 (German): Theorist, politician, dialectical materialist philosopher, leader of the international working class, co-founder of scientific socialism with Karl Marx. ↵3) 4:10Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1870-1924 (Russian): Theorist, politician, dialectical materialist philosopher, defender and developer of Marxism in the era of imperialism, founder of the Communist Party and the government of the Soviet Union, leader of Russia and the international working class. ↵4) 21:15Material conditions include the natural environment, the means of production and the economic base of human society, objective social relations, and other externalities and systems which affect human life and human society. See Annotation 79. ↵

Episode 135:This week we're not continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.Instead we'll be reading a response to Listen Marxist by You can find it on page 50 of this pdf on Archive.org:https://archive.org/details/sim_monthly-review-us_1970-03_21_10/page/50/mode/2up[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 10]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 12 - 14]Listen, Marxist![This Week]On Future Developments in the College Left - 2:05Discussion - 20:39Footnotes:1) 19:26Martin J. Sklar, “On the Proletarian Revolution and the End of Political Economic Society,” Radical America, vol. 3, no. 3, May-June 1969, p. 34.

Episode 134:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 10]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 12 - 13]Listen, Marxist!-The Historical Limits of Marxism-The Myth of the Proletariat-The Myth of the Party[Part 14 - This Week]Listen, Marxist!-The Two Traditions - 0:36Discussion - 29:42[Part 15?]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:56) 15:17The term “anarchist” is a generic word like the term “socialist,” and there are probably as many different kinds of anarchists as there are socialists. In both cases, the spectrum ranges from individuals whose views derive from an extension of liberalism (the “individualist anarchists,” the social-democrats) to revolutionary communists (the anarcho-communists, the revolutionary Marxists, Leninists and Trotskyists). 57) 24:18It is this goal, we may add, that motivates anarchist dadaism, the anrchist flipout that produces the creases of consternation on the wooden faces of PLP types. The anarchist flipout attempts to shatter the internal values inherited from hierarchical society, to explode the rigidities instilled by the bourgeois socialization process. In short, it is an attempt to break down the superego that exercises such a paralyzing effect upon spontaneity, imagination and sensibility and to restore a sense of desire, possibility and the marvelous—of revolution as a liberating, joyous festival.Citations:35) 2:35Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Correspondence (International Publishers; New York, 1942), p. 292. 36) 3:31 Frederick Engels, Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science (Anti-Dühring) (International Publishers; New York, 1939),p. 323.

Episode 133:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 10]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 12]Listen, Marxist!-The Historical Limits of Marxism-The Myth of the Proletariat[Part 13 - This Week]Listen, Marxist!-The Myth of the Party - 0:28[Part 14 - 15?]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:50) 1:50A fact which Trotsky never understood. He never followed through the consequences of his own concept of “combined development” to its logical conclusions. He saw (quite correctly) that czarist Russia, the latecomer in the European bourgeois development, necessarily acquired the most advanced industrial and class forms instead of recapitulating the entire bourgeois development from its beginnings. He neglected to consider that Russia, torn by tremendous internal upheaval, might even run ahead of the capitalist development elsewhere in Europe. Hypnotized by the formula “nationalized property equals socialism,” he failed to recognize that monopoly capitalism itself tends to amalgamate with the state by its own inner dialectic. The Bolsheviks, having cleared away the traditional forms of bourgeois social organization (which still act as a rein on the state capitalist development in Europe and America), inadvertently prepared the ground for a “pure” state capitalist development in which the state finally becomes the ruling class. Lacking support from a technologically advanced Europe, the Russian Revolution became an internal counterrevolution; Soviet Russia became a form of state capitalism that does not “benefit the whole people.” Lenin's analogy between “socialism” and state capitalism became a terrifying reality under Stalin. Despite its humanistic core, Marxism failed to comprehend how much its concept of “socialism” approximates a later stage of capitalism itself—the return to mercantile forms on a higher industrial level. The failure to understand this development led to devastating theoretical confusion in the contemporary revolutionary movement, as witness the splits among the Trotskyists over this question. 51) 5:12The March 22nd Movement functioned as a catalytic agent in the events, not as a leadership. It did not command; it instigated, leaving a free play to the events. This free play, which allowed the students to push ahead on their own momentum, was indispensable to the dialectic of the uprising, for without it there would have been no barricades on May 10, which in turn triggered off the general strike of the workers. 52) 6:45See “The Forms of Freedom”. 53) 7:23With a sublime arrogance that is attributable partly to ignorance, a number of Marxist groups were to dub virtually all of the above forms of self-management as “soviets.” The attempt to bring all of these different forms under a single rubric is not only misleading but willfully obscurantist. The actual soviets were the least democratic of the revolutionary forms and the Bolsheviks shrewdly used them to transfer the power to their own party. The soviets were not based on face-to-face democracy, like the Parisian sections or the student assemblies of 1968. Nor were they based on economic self-management, like the Spanish anarchist factory committees. The soviets actually formed a workers' parliament, hierarchically organized, which drew its representation from factories and later from military units and peasant villages. 54) 19:02V. I. Lenin, “The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government,” in Selected Works, vol. 7 (International Publishers; New York, 1943), p. 342. In this harsh article, published in April 1918, Lenin completely abandoned the liberatarian perspective he had advanced the year before in State and Revolution. The main themes of the article are the needs for “discipline,” for authoritarian control over the factories, and for the institution of the Taylor system (a system Lenin had denounced before the revolution as enslaving men to the machine). The article was written during a comparatively peaceful period of Bolshevik rule some two months after the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty and a month before the revolt of the Czech Legion in the Urals—the revolt that started the civil war on a wide scale and opened the period of direct Allied intervention in Russia. Finally, the article was written nearly a year before the defeat of the German revolution. It would be difficult to account for the “Immediate Tasks” merely in terms of the Russian civil war and the failure of the European revolution. 55) 34:04In interpreting this elemental movement of the Russian workers and peasants as a series of “White Guard conspiracies,” “acts of kulak resistance,” and “plots of international capital,” the Bolsheviks reached an incredible theoretical low and deceived no one but themselves. A spiritual erosion developed within the party that paved the way for the politics of the secret police, for character assassination, and finally for the Moscow trials and the annihilation of the Old Bolshevik cadre. One sees the return of this odious mentality in PL articles like “Marcuse: Cop-out or Cop?”—the theme of which is to establish Marcuse as an agent of the CIA. (See Progressive Labor, February 1969.) The article has a caption under a photograph of demonstrating Parisians which reads: “Marcuse got to Paris too late to stop the May action.” Opponents of the PLP are invariably described by this rag as “redbaiters” and as “anti-worker.” If the American left does not repudiate this police approach and character assassination it will pay bitterly in the years to come.Citations:30) 4:01Quoted in Leon Trotsky, The History of the Russian Revolution (Simon & Schuster; New York, 1932), vol. 1, p. 144. 31) 19:34V. V. Osinsky, “On the Building of Socialism,” Kommunist, no. 2, April 1918, quoted in R. V. Daniels, The Conscience of the Revolution (Harvard University Press; Cambridge, 1960), pp. 85–86, 32) 23:13Robert G. Wesson, Soviet Communes (Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, N.J., 1963), p. 110. 33) 26:30R. V. Daniels, op. cit., p. 145. 34) 30:27Mosche Lewin, Lenin's Last Struggle (Pantheon; New York, 1968), p. 122.

Episode 132:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 10]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 11]Listen, Marxist!-The Historical Limits of Marxism[Part 12 - This Week]Listen, Marxist!-The Myth of the Proletariat - 0:29[Part 13 - 15]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:42) 1:12For ecological reasons, we do not accept the notion of the “domination of nature by man” in the simplistic sense that was passed on by Marx a century ago. For a discussion of this problem, see “Ecology and Revolutionary Thought.” 43) 3:08It is ironic that Marxists who talk about the “economic power” of the proletariat are actually echoing the position of the anarcho-syndicalists, a position that Marx bitterly opposed. Marx was not concerned with the “economic power” of the proletariat but with its political power; notably the fact that it would become the majority of the population. He was convinced that the industrial workers would be driven to revolution primarily by material destitution which would follow from the tendency of capitalist accumulation; that, organized by the factory system and disciplined by an industrial routine, they would be able to constitute trade unions and, above all, political parties, which in some countries would be obliged to use insurrectionary methods and in others (England, the United States, and in later years Engels added France) might well come to power in elections and legislate socialism into existence. Characteristically, many Marxists have been as dishonest with their Marx and Engels as the Progressive Labor Party has been with the readers of Challenge, leaving important observations untranslated or grossly distorting Marx's meaning. 44) 4:35This is as good a place as any to dispose of the notion that anyone is a “proletarian” who has nothing to sell but his labor power. It is true that Marx defined the proletariat in these terms, but he also worked out a historical dialectic in the development of the proletariat. The proletariat develop out of a propertyless exploited class, reaching its most advanced form in the industrial proletariat, which corresponded to the most advanced form of capital. In the later years of his life, Marx came to despise the Parisian workers, who were engaged preponderantly in the production of luxury goods, citing “our German workers”—the most robot-like in Europe—as the “model” proletariat of the world. 45) 6:26The attempt to describe Marx's immiseration theory in international terms instead of national (as Marx did) is sheer subterfuge. In the first place, this theoretical legerdemain simply tries to sidestep the question of why immiseration has not occurred within the industrial strongholds of capitalism, the only areas which form a technologically adequate point of departure for a classless society. If we are to pin our hopes on the colonial world as “the proletariat,” this position conceals a very real danger: genocide. America and her recent ally Russia have all the technical means to bomb the underdeveloped world into submission. A threat lurks on the historical horizon—the development of the United States into a truly fascist imperium of the nazi type. It is sheer rubbish to say that this country is a “paper tiger.” It is a thermonuclear tiger and the American ruling class, lacking any cultural restraints, is capable of being even more vicious than the German. 46) 8:17Lenin sensed this and described “socialism” as “nothing but state capitalist monopoly made to benefit the whole people.” (see citation 29 below) This is an extraordinary statement if one thinks out its implications, and a mouthful of contradictions. 47) 13:33On this score, the Old Left projects its own neanderthal image on the American worker. Actually this image more closely approximates the character of the union bureaucrat or the Stalinist commissar. 48) 16:56The worker, in this sense, begins to approximate the socially transitional human types who have provided history with its most revolutionary elements. Generally, the “proletariat” has been most revolutionary in transitional periods, when it was least “proletarianized” psychically by the industrial system. The great focuses of the classical workers' revolutions were Petrograd and Barcelona, where the workers had been directly uprooted from a peasant background, and Paris, where they were still anchored in crafts or came directly from a craft background. These workers had the greatest difficulty in acclimating themselves to industrial domination and became a continual source of social and revolutionary unrest. By contrast, the stable hereditary working class tended to be surprisingly non-revolutionary. Even in the case of the German workers who were cited by Marx and Engels as models for the European proletariat, the majority did not support the Spartacists of 1919. They return large majorities of official Social Democrats to the Congress of Workers' Councils, and to the Reichstag in later years, and rallied consistently behind the Social Democratic Party right up to 1933. 49) 18:28This revolutionary lifestyle may develop in the factories as well as on the streets, in schools as well as in crash pads, in the suburbs as well as on the Bay Area–East Side axis. Its essence is defiance, and a personal “propaganda of the deed” that erodes all the mores, institutions and shibboleths of domination. As society begins to approach the threshold of the revolutionary period, the factories, schools and neighborhoods become the actual arena of revolutionary “play”—a “play” that has a very serious core. Strikes become a chronic condition and are called for their own sake to break the veneer of routine, to defy the society on an almost hourly basis, to shatter the mood of bourgeois normality. This new mood of the workers, students and neighborhood people is a vital precursor to the actual moment of revolutionary transformation. Its most conscious expression is the demand for “self-management”; the worker refuses to be a “managed” being, a class being. This process was most evident in Spain, on the eve of the 1936 revolution, when workers in almost every city and town called strikes “for the hell of it”—to express their independence, their sense of awakening, their break with the social order and with bourgeois conditions of life. It was also an essential feature of the 1968 general strike in France. Citations:29) (referenced in a footnote above)V.I. Lenin, The Threatening Catastrophe and How to Fight It, The Little Lenin Library, vol, II (International Publishers; New York, 1932), p. 37.

Episode 131:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 10]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 11 - This Week]Listen, Marxist! - 0:29-The Historical Limits of Marxism - 11:15[Part 12 - 15]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:38) 7:23These lines were written when the Progressive Labor Party (PLP) exercised a great deal of influence in SDS. Although the PLP has now lost most of its influence in the student movement, the organization still provides a good example of the mentality and values prevalent in the Old Left. The above characterization is equally valid for most Marxist-Leninist groups, hence this passage and other references to the PLP have not been substantially altered. 39) 8:19The Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement, part of the Detroit-based League of Revolutionary Black Workers.40) 12:34Marxism is above all a theory of praxis, or to place this relationship in its correct perspective, a praxis of theory. This is the very meaning of Marx's transformation of dialectics, which took it from the subjective dimension (to which the Young Hegelians still tried to confine Hegel's outlook) into the objective, from philosophical critique into social action. If theory and praxis become divorced, Marxism is not killed, it commits suicide. This is its most admirable and noble feature. The attempts of the cretins who follow in Marx's wake to keep the system alive with a patchwork of emendations, exegesis, and half-assed “scholarship” à la Maurice Dobb and George Novack are degrading insults to Marx's name and a disgusting pollution of everything he stood for. 41) 14:41In fact Marxists do very little talking about the “chronic [economic] crisis of capitalism” these days—despite the fact that this concept forms the focal point of Marx's economic theories.Citations:28) 5:05Karl Marx, “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte,” in Marx and Engels, Selected Works, Vol. 2, p. 318

Episode 130:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9]The Forms of Freedom-The Mediation of Social Relations[Part 10 - This Week]The Forms of Freedom-Assembly and Community - 0:13-From “Here” to “There” - 18:11[Part 11 - 15]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:33) 16:47Marx, it may be noted, greatly admired the Jacobins for “centralizing” France and in the famous “Address of the Central Council” (1850) modeled his tactics for Germany on their policies. This was short-sightedness of incredible proportions—and institutional emphasis that revealed a gross insensitivity to the self-activity and the self-remaking of a people in revolutionary motion. See “Listen, Marxist!” 34) 23:24It was not until the 1860s, with the work of Bachofen and Morgan, that humanity rediscovered its communal past. By that time the discovery had become a purely critical weapon directed against the bourgeois family and property. 35) 25:29Here, indeed, “history” has something to teach us—precisely because these spontaneous uprisings are not history but various manifestations of the same phenomenon: revolution. Whosoever calls himself a revolutionist and does not study these events on their own terms, thoroughly and without theoretical preconceptions, is a dilettante who is playing at revolution. 36) 26:41What Wilhelm Reich and, later, Herbert Marcuse have made clear is that “selfhood” is not only a personal dimension but also a social one. The self that finds expression in the assembly and community is, literally, the assembly and community that has found self-expression—a complete congruence of form and content. 37) 29:27Together with disseminating ideas, the most important job of the anarchists will be to defend the spontaneity of the popular movement by continually engaging the authoritarians in a theoretical and organizational duel.Citations:26) 7:27W. Warde Fowler, The City State of the Greeks and Romans (Macmillan & Co.; London, 1952), p. 168. 27) 9:55Edward Zimmerman, The Greek Commonwealth, 5th ed. (Modern Library; New York, 1931), pp. 408–9.

Episode 129:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - This Week]The Forms of Freedom - 0:48-The Mediation of Social Relations - 4:31[Part 10 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:30) 7:37For a discussion on the myth of the working class see “Listen, Marxist!” 31) 15:57If we are to regard the bulk of the Communards as “proletarians,” or describe any social stratum as “proletarian” (as the French Situationists do) simply because it has no control over the conditions of its life, we might just as well call slaves, serfs, peasants and large sections of the middle class “proletarians.” To create such sweeping antitheses between “proletarian” and bourgeois, however, eliminates all the determinations that characterize these classes as specific, historically limited strata. This giddy approach to social analysis divests the industrial proletariat and the bourgeoisie of all the historically unique features which Marx believed he had discovered (a theoretical project that proved inadequate, although by no means false); it slithers away from the responsibilities of a serious critique of Marxism and the development of “laissez-faire” capitalism toward state capitalism, while pretending to retain continuity with the Marxian project. 32) 27:35This is not to ignore the disastrous political errors made by many “leading” Spanish anarchists. Although the leading anarchists were faced with the alternative of establishing a dictatorship in Catalonia, which they were not prepared to do (and rightly so!), this was no excuse for practicing opportunistic tactics all along the way.

Episode 128:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 7]Towards a Liberatory Technology-Technology and Freedom-The Potentialities of Modern Technology-The New Technology and the Human Scale-The Ecological Use of Technology[Part 8 - This Week]Towards a Liberatory Technology-Technology for Life - 0:19-Discussion - 21:59[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:29) 5:57The “ideal man” of the police bureaucracy is a being whose innermost thoughts can be invaded by lie detectors, electronic listening devices, and “truth” drugs. The “ideal man” of the political bureaucracy is a being whose innermost life can be shaped by mutagenic chemicals and socially assimilated by the mass media. The “ideal man” of the industrial bureaucracy is a being whose innermost life can be invaded by subliminal and predictively reliable advertising. The “ideal man” of the military bureaucracy is a being whose innermost life can be invaded by regimentation for genocide.Citations:24) 1:39Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution (Modern Library; New York, n.d.), p. 593. 25) 3:57Friedrich Wilhelmsen, preface to Friedrich G. Juenger, The Failure of Technology (Regnery; Chicago, 1956), p. vii.

Episode 127:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 6]Towards a Liberatory Technology-Technology and Freedom-The Potentialities of Modern Technology-The New Technology and the Human Scale[Part 7 - This Week]Towards a Liberatory Technology-The Ecological Use of Technology - 0:38[Part 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:27) 4:58See “Ecology and Revolutionary Thought.” 28) 31:37The efficiency of the gasoline engine is rated at around eleven percent, to cite a comparison. Citations:18) 6:11F. M. C. Fourier, Selections from the Works of Fourier, (S. Sonnenschein and Co.; London, 1901), p. 93. 19) 6:48Charles Gide, introduction to Fourier, op. cit., p. 14. 20) 26:54Hans Thirring, Energy for Man (Harper & Row; New York, 1958), p. 266 21) 30:36Ibid., p. 269. 22 Henry Tabor, “Solar Energy,” in Science and the New Nations, ed. 22) 32:45Ruth Gruber (Basic Books; New York, 1961), p. 109. 23) 38:05Eugene Ayres, “Major Sources of Energy,” American Petroleum Institute Proceedings, section 3, Division of Refining, vol. 28 III. (1948), p. 117.

Episode 126:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5]Towards a Liberatory Technology-Technology and Freedom[Part 6 - This Week]Towards a Liberatory Technology-The Potentialities of Modern Technology - 0:18-The New Technology and the Human Scale - 26:55[Part 7 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:25) 3:01For example, in cotton plantations in the Deep South, in automobile assembly plants, and in the garment industry. 26) 13:08There are two broad classes of computers in use today: analogue and digital computers. The analogue computer has a fairly limited use in industrial operations. My discussion on computers in this article will deal entirely with digital computers.Citations:14) 2:26U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Automation and Technological Change: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization, 84th Cong., Ist session (U.S. Govt. Printing Office; Washington, 1955), p. 81. 15) 17:10Alice Mary Hilton, “Cyberculture,” Fellowship for Reconciliation paper (Berkeley, 1964), p. 8. 16) 21:54Lewis Mumford, Technics and Civilization (Harcourt, Brace and Co.; New York, 1934), pp. 69–70.17) 37:45Eric W. Leaver and John J. Brown, “Machines without Men,” Fortune, November 1946.

Episode 125:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 4]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - This Week]Towards a Liberatory Technology - 0:13-Technology and Freedom - 4:49[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:21) 4:23Both Juenger and Elul believe that the debasement of man by the machine is intrinsic to the development of technology, and their works conclude on a grim note of resignation. This viewpoint reflects the social fatalism I have in mind—especially as expressed by Elul, whose ideas are more symptomatic of the contemporary human condition. See Friedrich George Juenger, The Failure of Technology (Regnery; Chicago, 1956) and Jacques Elul, The Technological Society (Knopf; New York, 1968).22) 17:04It is my own belief that the development of the “workers' state” in Russia thoroughly supports the anarchist critique of Marxist statism. Indeed, modern Marxists would do well to consult Marx's own discussion of commodity fetishism in Capital to understand how everything (including the state) tends to become an end in itself under conditions of commodity exchange. 23) 17:54The distinction between pleasurable work and onerous toil should always be kept in mind. 24) 21:52An exclusively quantitative approach to the new technology, I may add, is not only economically archaic, but morally regressive. This approach partakes of the old principle of justice, as distinguished from the new principle of freedom. Historically, justice is derived from the world of material necessity and toil; it implies relatively scarce resources which are apportioned by a moral principle which is either “just” or “unjust.” Justice, even “equal” justice, is a concept of limitation, involving the denial of goods and the sacrifice of time and energy to production. Once we transcend the concept of justice—indeed, once we pass from the quantitative to the qualitative potentialities of modern technology—we enter the unexplored domain of freedom, based on spontaneous organization and full access to the means of life.Citations:12) 10:57Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, The German Ideology (International Publishers; New York, 1947), p. 24. 13) 12:30Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, What Is Property? (Bellamy Library; London, I n.d.), vol. 1, p. 135.

Episode 124:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 3]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought-The Critical Nature of Ecology-Diversity and Simplicity[Part 4 - This Week]Ecology and Revolutionary Thought-The Reconstructive Nature of Ecology - 0:35[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:20) 8:53Rudd's use of the word “manipulation” is likely to create the erroneous impression that an ecological situation can be described by simple mechanical terms. Lest this impression arise, I would like to emphasize that our knowledge of an ecological situation and the practical use of this knowledge are matters of insight rather than power. Charles Elton states the case for the management of an ecological situation when he writes: “The world's future has to be managed, but this management would not be like a game of chess ... [but] more like steering a boat.” Citations:9) 9:26Robert L. Rudd, “Pesticides: The Real Peril,” The Nation, vol. 189 (1959), p. 401. 10) 22:10E. A. Gutkind, The Twilight of Cities (Free Press; Glencoe, N.Y., 1962), pp. 55–144. 11) 33:41H. D. F. Kitto, The Greeks (Aldine; Chicago, 1951), p. 16.

Episode 123:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - 2]Post-Scarcity AnarchismEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 3 - This Week]Ecology and Revolutionary Thought-The Critical Nature of Ecology - 0:20-Diversity and Simplicity - 10:19[Part 4]Ecology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:18) 13:26The above lines were written in 1966. Since then, we have seen the graffiti on the walls of Paris, during the May–June revolution: “All power to the imagination”; “I take my desires to be reality, because I believe in the reality of my desires”; “Never work”; “The more I make love, the more I want to make revolution”; “Life without dead times”; “The more you consume, the less you live”; “Culture is the inversion of life”; “One does not buy happiness, one steals it”; “Society is a carnivorous flower.” These are not graffiti, they are a program for life and desire.Citations:9) 18:05For insight into this problem the reader may consult The Ecology of Invasions by Charles S. Elton (Wiley; New York, 1958), Soil and Civilisation by Edward Hyams (Thames and Hudson; London, 1952), Our Synthetic Environment by Murray Bookchin [pseud. Lewis Herber] (Knopf; New York, 1962), and Silent Spring by Rachel Carson (Houghton Mifflin; Boston, 1962). The last should be read not as a diatribe against pesticides but as a plea for ecological diversification.

Episode 122:This week we're continuing with Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1]Post-Scarcity Anarchism- Preconditions And Possibilities- The Redemptive Dialectic- Spontaneity and Utopia[Part 2 - This Week]-Prospect - 0:31Ecology and Revolutionary Thought - 15:09[Part 3 - 4]Ecology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:18) 13:26The above lines were written in 1966. Since then, we have seen the graffiti on the walls of Paris, during the May–June revolution: “All power to the imagination”; “I take my desires to be reality, because I believe in the reality of my desires”; “Never work”; “The more I make love, the more I want to make revolution”; “Life without dead times”; “The more you consume, the less you live”; “Culture is the inversion of life”; “One does not buy happiness, one steals it”; “Society is a carnivorous flower.” These are not graffiti, they are a program for life and desire.Citations:7) 16:54Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology of Being (Van Nostrand; New York, 1962), p. viii. 8) 17:54Quoted in Angus M. Woodbury, Principles of General Ecology (Blakiston; New York, 1954), p. 4.

Episode 121:This week we're starting a new book, Post-Scarcity Anarchism by Murray Bookchin.You can find the book here:https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism-book[Part 1 - This Week]Post-Scarcity Anarchism- Preconditions And Possibilities - 1:11- The Redemptive Dialectic - 11:04- Spontaneity and Utopia - 21:48[Part 2 - 4]-ProspectEcology and Revolutionary Thought[Part 5 - 8]Towards a Liberatory Technology[Part 9 - 11]The Forms of Freedom[Part 12 - 16]Listen, Marxist!Footnotes:14) 11:01It is worth noting here that the emergence of the “consumer society” provides us with remarkable evidence of the difference between the industrial capitalism of Marx's time and state capitalism today. In Marx's view, capitalism as a system organized around “production for the sake of production” results in the economic immiseration of the proletariat. “Production for the sake of production” is paralleled today by “consumption for the sake of consumption,” in which immiseration takes a spiritual rather than an economic form—it is starvation of life.15) 12:58The economic contradictions of capitalism have not disappeared, but the system can plan to such a degree that they no longer have the explosive characteristics they had in the past. 16) 26:04For a detailed discussion of this “miniaturized” technology see “Towards a Liberatory Technology.” 17) 29:38Despite its lip service to the dialectic, the traditional left has yet to take Hegel's “concrete universal” seriously and see it not merely as a philosophical concept but as a social program. This has been done only in Marx's early writings, in the writings of the great Utopians (Fourier and William Morris) and, in our time, by the drop-out youth. Citations:3) 17:27Raoul Vaneigem, “The Totality for Kids” (International Situationist pamphlet; London, n.d.), p. 1.4) 27:46Guy Debord, “Perspectives for Conscious Modification of Daily Life,” mimeographed translation from Internationale Situationiste, no. 6 (n.p., n.d.), p. 2. 5) 36:01Josef Weber, “The Great Utopia,” Contemporary Issues, vol. 2, no. 5 (1950), p. 12. 6) 38:27Ibid., p. 19 (my emphasis).

Episode 120:This week we're finishing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31]Conclusion (first half)[Part 32 - This Week]Conclusion (second half) - 1:25Discussion - 26:16Footnotes:10) 8:25Trotsky, History of the Russian Revolution, vol. 2, ch. 32.11) 18:14‘L'Odeur de ce charnier', 25 Nov. 1912, La Dépêche de Toulouse, in Jean-Pierre Roux (ed.), Jean Jaurès: Rallumer tous les soleils (Paris: Omnibus, 2006), 880.

Episode 119:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31 - This Week]Conclusion (first half) - 0:23[Part 32]ConclusionFootnotes:1) 7:37The phrase was Lenin's. See V. I. Lenin, ‘Our Tasks and the Soviet of Workers' Deputies', 2–4 Nov. 1905, in Lenin Collected Works (Moscow: Progress, 1965), 10. 17–28.2) 22:49Lynne Viola, ‘Collectivization in the Soviet Union: Specificities and Modalities', in Constantin Iordachi and Arnd Bauerkämper (eds), The Collectivization of Agriculture in Communist Eastern Europe: Comparison and Entanglements (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2014), 49–78 (64–5).3) 24:17Ronald Suny suggests that empire is ‘a composite state in which the centre dominates the periphery to the latter's disadvantage'. Ronald G. Suny, ‘Ambiguous Categories: States, Empires and Nations', Post-Soviet Affairs, 11:2 (1995), 185–96 (187).4) 25:55Peter Holquist, ‘Violent Russia'.5) 26:45Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 13; David L. Hoffmann, Cultivating the Masses: Modern State Practices and Soviet Socialism, 1914–1939 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011).6) 28:57Landis, Bandits.7) 29:16Liudmila G. Novikova, ‘Russia's Red Revolutionary and White Terror: A Provincial Perspective', Europe-Asia Studies, 65:9 (2013), 1755–70.8) 29:40Felix Schnell, Räume des Schreckens: Gewalt und Gruppenmilitanz in der Ukraine, 1905–1933 (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2012); Stefan Plaggenborg, ‘Gewalt und Militanz in Sowjetrußland 1917–1930', Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, 44 (1996), 409–30.9) 30:23Stephen P. Frank, Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia, 1856–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 245–8.

Episode 118:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 29]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureSocial Order RestoredDesigning a Welfare StateThe Arts and UtopiaFamily and Gender RelationsYouth a Wavering VanguardPropaganda and Popular Culture[Part 30 - This Week]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureCultural Revolution - 0:38The Attack on Religion - 24:51Epilogue - The “Great Break” 1928 - 1931 - 42:38[Part 31 - 32?]ConclusionFigure 7.6 - 6:45Kazakh peasants learn to read.Figure 7.7 - 30:25The seizure of church valuables, 1922.Footnotes:96) 0:54Zenovia A. Sochor, Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov–Lenin Controversy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988).97) 2:39Oktiabr'skaia revoliutsiia i fabzavkomy (The October Revolution and the Factory Committees), (2 vols), vol. 2, ed. S. A. Smith (Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publications, 1983), 89.98) 4:58Michael David-Fox, ‘What is Cultural Revolution?', Russian Review, 58 (Apr. 1999), 181–201.99) 5:46Ella Winter, Red Virtue: Human Relationships in the New Russia (London: Gollancz, 1933), 35.100) 6:48Charles E. Clark, Uprooting Otherness: The Literacy Campaign in NEP-Era Russia (Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2000).101) 7:50Charles E. Clark, ‘Uprooting Otherness: Bolshevik Attempts to Refashion Rural Russia via the Reading Rooms of the 1920s', Canadian Slavonic Papers, 38:3–4 (1996), 305–29 (320).102) 8:51N. Rosnitskii, Litso derevni. Po materialam obsledovaniia 28 volostei i 32,730 krest'ianskikh khoziaistv Penzenskoi gubernii (Leningrad: Gos. Izd-vo, 1926), 103.103) 10:00Régine Robin, ‘Popular Literature of the 1920s: Russian Peasants as Readers', in Fitzpatrick, Rabinowitch, and Stites (eds), Russia in the Era of NEP, 253–67, (256).104) 10:39Robin, ‘Popular Literature', 261.105) 11:26Gorsuch, Youth in Revolutionary Russia, 19.106) 11:50Antireligioznik, 10 (1926), 53.107) 12:28N. B. Lebina, Povsednevnaia zhizn' sovetskogo goroda: normy i anomalii: 1920–1930 gody (St Petersburg: Neva, 1999), ch. 2, part 3.108) 13:24Andy Willimott, Living the Revolution: Urban Communes & Soviet Socialism, 1917–1932 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).109) 13:56Hugh D. Hudson, Blueprints and Blood: The Stalinization of Soviet Architecture, 1917–37 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).110) 14:15Anatole Kopp, Town and Revolution: Soviet Architecture and City Planning, 1917–1935 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1970).111) 15:21Eric Aunoble, Le Communisme tout de suite! Le mouvement des communes en Ukraine soviétique (1919–20) (Paris: Les Nuits rouges, 2008).112) 16:25S. A. Smith, ‘The Social Meanings of Swearing: Workers and Bad Language in Late-Imperial and Early-Soviet Russia', Past and Present, 160 (1998), 167–202.113) 17:58This and the statistics on baptisms and funerals are taken from N. S. Burmistrov, ‘Religioznye obriady pri rozhdeniiakh, smertiakh, brakakh po statistichekim dannym administrativnykh otdelov Mossoveta', Antireligioznik, 6 (1929), 89–94.114) 20:03Golos naroda, 170–2.115) 20:44Catherine Merridale, Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia (London: Granta, 2000).116) 22:53N. N. Kozlova, Gorizonty povsednevnosti sovetskoi epokhi. Golosa iz khora (Moscow: RAN, 1996), 128; Litvak, ‘Zhizn' krest'ianina', 194.117) 25:14V. P. Buldakov, Krasnaia smuta: Priroda I posledstviia revoliutsionnogo nasiliia (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997).118) 25:42Koenker and Bachman (eds), Revelations from the Russian Archives, 456–8.119) 27:26State Archive of the Russian Federation: ГАРФ, ф.Р-5407, оп.2, д.177, л.22.120) 28:56.121) 31:25N. A. Krivova, ‘The Events in Shuia: A Turning Point in the Assault on the Church', Russian Studies in History, 46:2 (2007), 8–38.122) 31:44Edward E. Roslof, Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Revolution, 1905–1946 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002).123) 32:41Gregory Freeze, ‘Counter-Reformation in Russian Orthodoxy: Popular Response to Religious Innovation, 1922–1925', Slavic Review, 54:2 (1995), 305–39.124) 34:10A. Iu. Minakov, ‘Sektanty i revoliutsiia', < http://dl.biblion.realin.ru/text/14_Disk_EPDS_-_vse_seminarskie_konspekty/Uchebnye_materialy_1/sekt_novosibirsk/Documents/sekt_revol.html>.125) 35:41Mustafa Tuna, Imperial Russia's Muslims: Islam, Empire, and European Modernity, 1788–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 237.126) 36:55Daniel Peris, Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).127) 39:08Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983).128) 40:49N. Valentinov, Novaia ekonomicheskaia politika i krizis partii posle smerti Lenina (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1971), 91.129) 49:49Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 224–5.130) 50:05Stephen Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 198–237.131) 50:29Robert C. Tucker, Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928–1941 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990).

Episode 117:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureSocial Order RestoredDesigning a Welfare StateThe Arts and UtopiaFamily and Gender Relations[Part 29 - This Week]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureYouth a Wavering Vanguard - 0:18Propaganda and Popular Culture - 14:52[Part 30]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 7.5 - 7:00Jewish orphans in Ukraine, c.1922.Footnotes:66) 0:33A. E. Gorsuch, Youth in Revolutionary Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000).67) 1:30Catriona Kelly, Children's World: Growing up in Russia, 1890–1991 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).68) 2:04Lisa A. Kirschenbaum, Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 1917–1932 (London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2001).69) 2:49Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution, 9.70) 4:30Matthias Neumann, The Communist Youth League and the Transformation of the Soviet Union (London: Routledge, 2011), 3.71) 5:16See Russian Wikipedia entry for: Взвейтесь кострами, синие ночи.72) 6:21‘Kem ia khochu byt' Pioner 2 (1929).73) 7:02Alan M. Ball, And Now my Soul Is Hardened: Abandoned Children in Soviet Russia, 1918–1930 (London: University of California Press, 1994).74) 8:41Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution, 326.75) 9:16Neumann, Communist Youth League, 7; Isabel A. Tirado, ‘The Revolution, Young Peasants, and the Komsomol's Anti-Religious Campaigns (1920–1928)', Canadian-American Slavic Studies, 26:1–3 (1999), 97–117 (97).76) 9:33A. Zalkind, ‘Kul'turnyi rost sovetskogo molodniaka', Molodoi Bol'shevik, 19–20 (1927).77) 11:39Tirado, ‘The Revolution', 105.78) 11:52Gorsuch, Youth in Revolutionary Russia.79) 12:51Vladimir Slepkov, ‘Komsomol'skii zhargon i Komsomol'skii “obychai” ', in A. Slepkov (ed.), Byt i molodezh, (2nd edn) (Moscow, 1926), 46–7.80) 14:05Krasnaia gazeta, 19 Mar. 1918, 4.81) 15:01Peter Kenez, The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917–1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 7.82) 17:19State Archive of the Russian Federation: ГАРФ, ф.А-2313 оп. 4 д. 139, l. 47.83) 19:01Elizabeth Wood, Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005).84) 20:46Michael S. Gorham, Speaking in Soviet Tongues: Language Culture and the Politics of Voice in Revolutionary Russia (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003).85) 21:31Figes, Peasant Russia, Civil War.86) 23:39M. M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, ed. Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981).87) 24:02K. Selishchev, Lazyk revoliutstonnoi epokhi: iz nabluzhdenii nad russkim iazykom poslednykh let, 1917–26 (Moscow, 1928).88) 24:20Smith, Language and Power, 113.89) 25:07Slepkov, ‘Komsomol'sku zhargon', 46–7.90) 27:51Aleksandr Rozhkov, ‘Pochemu kuritsa povesilas': Narodnye ostroslovtsy o zhizni v “bol'shevizii” ', Rodina, 10 (1999), 60–4.91) 29:38G. F. Dobronozhenko, VChK-OGPU o politicheskh nastroeniiakh severnogo krest'ianstva 1921–27 godov (Syktyvkar: Syktyvkarskii gos. Universitet, 1995), 54.92) 30:27A. V. Golubev, ‘Sovetskoe obshchestvo i “voennye trevogi” 1920-kh godov', Otechestvennaia istoriia, 1 (2008), 36–58 (38).93) 30:44Golubev, ‘Sovetskoe obshchestvo', 50.94) 31:39‘And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: and that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.' Revelation 13:16–17.95) 32:19F. M. Putintsev, Kulatskoe svetoprestavlenie (Moscow: Bezbozbnik, 1930), 13, 25.

Episode 116:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureSocial Order RestoredDesigning a Welfare State[Part 28 - This Week]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureThe Arts and Utopia - 0:22Family and Gender Relations - 29:47[Part 29 - 30]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 7.2 - 9:47Liubov' Popova, ‘Jug on a table'.Figure 7.3 - 11:03Vladimir Tatlin and assistant in front of a model of his Monument to the Third International, 1919.Figure 7.4 - 35:33A demonstration for women's liberation in Baku, Azerbaijan, c.1925.Footnotes:36) 2:48Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, ‘Communist Manifesto' (1848), .37) 3:44Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Catriona Kelly and David Shepherd, Russian Cultural Studies: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).38) 5:13Alexander Bogdanov, Red Star: The First Bolshevik Utopia, trans. Charles Rougle (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984); J. A. E. Curtis, The Englishman from Lebedian: A Life of Evgeny Zamiatin (Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2013).39) 5:54Lenin, State and Revolution.40) 6:05J. Bowlt and O. Matich (eds), Laboratory of Dreams: The Russian Avant-Garde and Cultural Experiment (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).41) 6:33The Great Utopia: The Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde, 1917–1932 (New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992).42) 8:04Mayakovsky, ‘150 million', in René Fülöp-Miller, The Mind and Face of Bolshevism (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), 159.43) 11:42E. A. Dobrenko and Marina Balina (eds), The Cambridge Companion to 20th-Century Russian Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Robert A. Maguire, Red Virgin Soil: Soviet Literature in the 1920s (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968).44) 14:42Richard Taylor, The Politics of the Soviet Cinema, 1917–1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Peter Kenez, Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917–1953 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).45) 18:45Lesley Chamberlain, Lenin's Private War: The Voyage of the Philosophy Steamer and the Exile of the Intelligentsia (London: St Martin's Press, 2007).46) 19:54Il'ina, Obshchestvennye organizatsii Rossii, 32, 74.47) 20:39T. M. Goriaeva (ed.), Istoriia sovetskoi politicheskoi tsenzury: dokumenty i kommentarii (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997), 444.48) 21:29Goriaeva, Istoriia, 277, 430–2.49) 22:15Michael David-Fox, Revolution of the Mind: Higher Learning among the Bolsheviks, 1918–1929 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997).50) 24:35R. W. Davies and Maureen Perrie, ‘Social Context', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 36.51) 26:04Christopher Read, Culture and Power in Revolutionary Russia (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990); Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front.52) 27:05Sheila Fitzpatrick, Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928–1931 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978).53) 29:58Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution.54) 31:01Barbara A. Engel, Breaking the Ties that Bind: The Politics of Marital Strife in Late Imperial Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011), 6.55) 32:15K. N. Samoilova, Rabotnitsy v Rossiiskoi revoliutsii (Petrograd: Gosizdat, 1920), 3.56) 32:33Chernykh, Stanovlenie Rossii sovetskoi, 179.57) 33:15Beatrice Farnsworth, Aleksandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism and the Bolshevik Revolution (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1980); Barbara E. Clements, Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979).58) 36:02Douglas Northrup, Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004); Marianne Kamp, The New Woman of Uzbekistan (Seattle: Washington University Press, 2006), 162–78. Shoshana Keller, To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign against Islam in Central Asia, 1917–1941 (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001).59) 37:13Beatrice Penati, ‘On the Local Origins of the Soviet Attack on the “Religious” Waqf in the Uzbek SSR (1927)', Acta Slavonica Iaponica, 36 (2015), 39–72.60) 37:19Karen Petrone, ‘Masculinity and Heroism in Imperial and Soviet Military-Patriotic Cultures', in B. E. Clements, Rebecca Friedman, and Dan Healey (eds), Russian Masculinities in History and Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), 172–93.61) 39:04Victoria E. Bonnell, ‘The Representation of Women in Early Soviet Political Art', Russian Review, 50 (1991), 267–88.62) 42:10S. G. Strumilin, ‘Biudzhet vremeni rabochikh v 1923–24gg.', in S. G. Strumilin, Problemy ekonomiki truda (Moscow: Nauka, 1982).63) 44:09Golos naroda, 157.64) 47:52Frances Bernstein, The Dictatorship of Sex: Gender, Health, and Enlightenment in Revolutionary Russia, 1918–1931 (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2007).65) 48:57Eric Naiman, Sex in Public: The Incarnation of Early Soviet Ideology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), 92.

Episode 115:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - This Week]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture - 0:22Social Order Restored - 2:20Designing a Welfare State - 21:04[Part 28 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 7.1 - 26:31Young Pioneers demonstrate against the dangers of alcohol, 1929.[See image at https://www.abnormalmapping.com/leftist-reading-rss/2022/2/15/leftist-reading-russia-in-revolution-part-27]Footnotes:1) 0:34On aspects of society and culture in NEP Russia see the two collections of essays: Fitzpatrick, Rabinowitch, and Stites (eds), Russia in the Era of NEP; Abbot Gleason, Peter Kenez, and Richard Stites (eds), Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985).2) 5:02Sheila Fitzpatrick, ‘Ascribing Class: The Construction of Soviet Identity in Soviet Russia', in S. Fitzpatrick (ed.), Stalinism: New Directions (London: Routledge, 1999), 20–46.3) 5:57Naselenie Rossii v XX veke, vol. 1, 149.4) 7:52Shanin, Awkward Class.5) 8:41Danilov, Rural Russia, 275.6) 9:17Merl, ‘Socio-economic Differentiation of the Peasantry', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 47–65.7) 10:42Moshe Lewin, Russian Peasants and Soviet Power (London: Allen and Unwin, 1968).8) 11:17I. I. Klimin, Rossiiskoe krest'ianstvo v gody novoi ekonomicheskoi politiki (1921–1927), chast' pervaia (St Petersburg: Izd-do Politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2007), 208.9) 13:31Golos naroda, 152.10) 14:14Alan M. Ball, Russia's Last Capitalists: The Nepmen, 1921–1929 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).11) 16:51Daniel T. Orlovsky, ‘The Antibureaucratic Campaign of the 1920s' in Taranovski (ed.), Reform, 290–315.12) 17:57Krasil'nikov, Na izlomakh sotsial'noi struktury, table 1.13) 19:47V. I. Tikhonov, V. S. Tiazhel'nikova, and I. F. Iushin, Lishenie izbiratel'nykh prav v Moskve v 1920–1930-e gody (Moscow: Mosgorarkhiv, 1998), 132.14) 21:44Hoffman and Kotsonis (eds), Russian Modernity.15) 21:57Susan Gross Solomon and John F. Hutchinson (eds), Health and Society in Revolutionary Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990).16) 22:50A. Iu. Rozhkov, V krugu sverstnikov: Zhiznennyi mir molodogo cheloveka v sovetskoi Rossii 1920-kh godov (Krasnodar: OIPTs, 2002).17) 24:05Neil B. Weissman, ‘Origins of Soviet Health Administration: Narkomzdrav, 1918–1928', in Solomon and Hutchinson (eds), Health and Society, 97–120.18) 26:49Neil Weissman, ‘Prohibition and Alcohol Control in the USSR: The 1920s Campaign against Illegal Spirits', Soviet Studies, 38:3 (1986), 349–68.19) 28:38James Riordan Sport in Soviet Society: Development of Sport and Physical Education in Russia and the USSR (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).20) 29:12Robert Edelman, Serious Fun: A History of Spectator Sports in the USSR (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 46.21) 29:39Smena, 21 Aug. 1925, 5.22) 31:20Larry E. Holmes, The Kremlin and the Schoolhouse (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991).23) 32:23Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility, ch. 1.24) 32:45For contrasting evaluations of experimentalism: V. L. Soskin, Obshchee obrazovanie v sovetskoi Rossii: pervoe desiatiletie, chast' 2, 1923–1927gg. (Novosibirsk: Novosibirskii gos. universitet, 1999); Balashov, Shkola.25) 34:44William Partlett, ‘Breaching Cultural Worlds with the Village School: Educational Visions, Local Initiative, and Rural Experience at S. T. Shatskii's Kaluga School System 1919–32', Slavonic and East European Review, 82:4 (2004), 847–85 (859).26) 36:15Holmes, The Kremlin, 94.27) 36:51Shkaratan, Problemy, 289.28) 37:14Gimpel'son, Sovetskie upravlentsy; Chernykh, Stanovlenie Rossii sovetskoi.29) 38:44E. O. Kabo, Ocherki rabochego byta (Moscow: Iz-do VTsSPS, 1926), 175.30) 39:21Il'iukhov, Zhizn', 151.31) 39:52William J. Chase, Workers, Society and the Soviet State: Labor and Life in Moscow, 1918–1929 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), 185.32) 40:29Gimpel'son, Sovetskie upravlentsy, 205.33) 41:36Andrei Platonov, Chevengur, trans. Anthony Olcott (Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1978), 135.34) 42:14Victor Serge, Memoirs of a Revolutionary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963), 198.35) 43:30Vladimir Mayakovsky, ‘Vziatochniki', .

Episode 114:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 25]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyNew Economic Policy and AgricultureNew Economic Policy and IndustryNew Economic Policy and LabourThe Inner Party StruggleThe Party StateInstituting Law[Part 26 - This Week]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyGoverning the Countryside - 0:31Foreign Policy and Promoting Revolution - 13:39Nation Building - 29:31The Limits of NEP - 37:48Discussion - 41:26[Part 27 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFootnotes:92) 2:02Priestland, Stalinism, 150.93) 2:13Velikanova, Popular Perceptions, 138.94) 3:08T. V. Pankova-Kozochkina, ‘Rabotniki sel'skikh sovetov 1902-kh godov: nomenklaturnye podkhody bol'shevikov i sotsial'nye trebovaniia krest'ianstva (na materialakh Iuga Rossii)', Rossiiskaia istoriia, 6 (2011), 136–46.95) 3:40Golos naroda, 215.96) 4:11Olga A. Narkiewicz, The Making of the Soviet State Apparatus (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1970), 61.97) 4:42I. N. Il'ina, Obshchestvennye organizatsii Rossii v 1920-e gody (Moscow: RAN, 2000), 72.98) 5:02A. A. Kurënyshev, Vserossiiskii krest'anskii soiuz, 1905–1930 (Moscow: AIRO-XX, 2004).99) 5:35Velikanova, Popular Perceptions, 158.100) 6:01McDonald, Face to the Village, 104–5.101) 6:30Diane P. Koenker and Ronald D.Bachman (eds), Revelations from the Russian Archives: Documents in English Translation (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1997), 38.102) 7:24Gill, Origins, 113.103) 7:56M. Ia. Fenomenov, Sovremennaia derevnia. Opyt kraevedcheskogo obsledovaniia odnoi derevni, vol. 2 (Leningrad: Goz. izd-vo, 1925), 39.104) 9:09Litvak, “Zhizn' krest'ianina', 194.105) 9:30D. Kh. Ibragimova, NEP i perestroika: massovoe soznanie sel'skogo naseleniia v usloviiakh perekhoda k rynku (Moscow: Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli, 1997).106) 11:47Litvak, ‘Zhizn' krest'ianina', 194.107) 14:24Tooze, Deluge, 11.108) 22:09Alexander Vatlin and S. A. Smith, ‘The Comintern', Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), ch. 10.109) 23:55John Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn: Baku, 1920—First Congress of the Peoples of the East (New York: Pathfinder, 1993), 45.110) 24:12Riddell, To See the Dawn, 70.111) 24:39H. G. Wells, Russia in the Shadows (New York: Doran, 1921), 96.112) 25:01Stephen White, ‘Communism and the East: The Baku Congress, 1920', Slavic Review, 33:3 (1974), 492–514 (501).113) 25:25Riddell, To See the Dawn, 204–7.114) 25:46E. H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, vol. 2 (London: Macmillan 1952), 265.115) 27:11S. A. Smith, A Road is Made: Communism in Shanghai, 1920–1927 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000).116) 28:01Jon Jacobson, When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1994), 50.117) 29:29Velikanova, Popular Perceptions, ch. 1.118) 30:35Lewin, Lenin's Last Struggle, ch. 4.119) 32:49Francine Hirsch, Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 2005), 229, 331.120) 33:39Terry Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001).121) 35:43Yuri Slezkine, ‘The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism', Slavic Review, 53:2 (1994), 415.122) 37:05Michael G. Smith, Language and Power in the Creation of the USSR, 1917–1953 (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998), 125, 134.

Episode 113:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyNew Economic Policy and AgricultureNew Economic Policy and IndustryNew Economic Policy and Labour[Part 25 - This Week]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyThe Inner Party Struggle - 0:30The Party State - 25:46Instituting Law - 40:20[Part 26?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 6.1 - 4:33Soviet leaders in 1919. From left, Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, Mikhail Kalinin.[see on www.abnormalmapping.com/leftist-reading-rss/2022/2/15/leftist-reading-russia-in-revolution-part-25]Footnotes:54) 1:33V. P. Vilkova (ed.), VKP(b): vnutripartiinaia bor'ba v dvadtsatye gody: dokumenty i materialy, 1923g. (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2004).55) 2:05.56) 2:53Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 177.57) 5:38Moshe Lewin, Lenin's Last Struggle (London: Faber, 1969).58) 11:05For an interesting interpretation of the inner-party conflict that sees it as rooted in an underlying difference between ‘revivalist' and ‘technicist' types of Bolshevism, see Priestland, Stalinism, ch. 2.59) 12:06Richard B. Day, Leon Trotsky and the Politics of Economic Isolation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).60) 13:07Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938 (New York: Knopf, 1973).61) 14:31David R. Stone, Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union 1926–1933 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2000).62) 15:24G. L. Olekh, Krovnye uzy: RKP(b) i ChK/GPU v pervoi polovine 1920-x godov: mekhanizm vzaimootnoshenii (Novosibirsk: NGAVT 1999), 92–3.63) 18:08Stephen Kotkin, Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 (London: Penguin, 2015), 432.64) 18:31Harris, ‘Stalin as General Secretary, in Davies and Harris (eds), Stalin: A New History, 63–82 (69).65) 20:!2Excellent biographies of Stalin include Robert Service, Stalin: A Biography (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2004); Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).66) 22:14I. V. Stalin, ‘The October Revolution and the Tactics of the Russian Communists', .67) 23:27James Harris, ‘Stalin and Stalinism', The Oxford Handbook of Modern Russian History, Oxford Handbooks Online,1–21 (6).68) 24:18Alfred J. Rieber, ‘Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years', in Davies and Harris (eds), Stalin: A New History, 18–44.69) 24:34E. A. Rees, Political Thought from Machiavelli to Stalin (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004), 222.70) 25:17 ‘Stalin i krizis proletarskoi diktatury', .71) 27:09R. W. Davies, The Industrialization of Soviet Russia, vol. 3: The Soviet Economy in Turmoil (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1929), xxiii.72) 27:55Heinzen says 70,000 were employed in the Commissariat of Agriculture by the end of the decade. Heinzen, Inventing, 2.73) 29:13Michael Voslenskii, Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class (New York: Doubleday, 1984); Harris, ‘Stalin as General Secretary', 69.74) 31:15Shkaratan, Problemy, 272.75) 32:00Golos Naroda, 199.76) 32:50Graeme Gill, Origins of the Stalinist Political System (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 118.77) 34:28Sheila Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921–1934 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).78) 38:31E. A. Wood, The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).79) 39:10Wendy Z. Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917–1936 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 111.80) 39:35Olekh, Krovnye uzy, 90.81) 40:09Golos naroda, 152.82) 41:19Nikita Petrov, ‘Les Transformations du personnel des organes de sécurité soviétiques, 1922–1953', Cahiers du monde russe, 22:2 (2001), 375–96 (376).83) 41:47S. A. Krasil'nikov, Na izlomakh sotsial'noi struktury: marginaly v poslerevoliutsionnom rossiiskom obshchestve (1917—konets 1930-kh godov) (Novosibirsk: NGU, 1998), table 4.84) 42:33V. K. Vinogradov, ‘Ob osobennostiakh informatsionnykh materialov OGPU kak istochnik po istorii sovetskogo obshchestva', in ‘Sovershenno sekretno': Liubianka- Stalinu o polozhenii v strane (1922–1934), vol. 1, part 1: 1922–23 (Moscow: RAN, 2001), 31–7685) 43:42Roger Pethybridge, One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward: Soviet Society and Politics in the New Economic Policy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).86) 44:44Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice.87) 45:38Neil B. Weissman, ‘Local Power in the 1920s: Police and Administrative Reform', in Theodore Taranovski (ed.), Reform in Modern Russian History (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center and Cambridge University Press, 1995), 265–89.88) 45:59Neil Weissman, ‘Policing the NEP Countryside', in Sheila Fitzpatrick, A. Rabinowitch, and R. Stites (eds), Russia in the Era of NEP (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 174–91 (177); R. S. Mulukaev and N. N. Kartashov, Militsiia Rossii (1917–1993gg.) (Orël: Oka, 1995), 43.89) 46:48Joan Neuberger, Hooliganism: Crime, Culture and Power in St Petersburg, 1900–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).90) 47:09Tracy McDonald, Face to the Village: The Riazan Countryside under Soviet Rule, 1921–1930 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011), 90.91) 47:41David A. Newman, ‘Criminal Strategies and Institutional Concerns in the Soviet Legal System: An Analysis of Criminal Appeals in Moscow Province, 1921–28', Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA (2013), 183.

Episode 112:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyNew Economic Policy and Agriculture[Part 24 - This Week]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyNew Economic Policy and Industry - 0:31New Economic Policy and Labour - 15:14[Part 25 - 26?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFootnotes:22) 3:30R. W. Davies, ‘Introduction', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 13.23) 4:09Davies, ‘Introduction', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 5.24) 4:45M. M. Gorinov, ‘Sovetskaia istoriia 1920–30-kh godov: ot mifov k real'nosti', in Istoricheskie issledovaniia v Rossii: Tendentsii poslednikh let (Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1996).25) 5:09Mark Harrison, ‘National Income', in and Davies et al. (eds), Economic Transformation, 38–56, 42.26) 7:43Lewis Siegelbaum, Soviet State and Society between Revolutions, 1918–29 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 110.27) 9:45Cited in Steve Smith, ‘Taylorism Rules OK? Bolshevism, Taylorism and the Technical Intelligentsia: The Soviet Union, 1917–41', Radical Science Journal, 13 (1983), 3–27; Mark R. Beissinger, Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline and Soviet Power (London: I. B. Tauris, 1988).28) 11:34Diane P. Koenker, ‘Factory Tales: Narratives of Industrial Relations in the Transition to NEP', Russian Review, 55:3 (1996), 384–411 (386).29) 12:16Golos naroda, 214.30) 13:07Olga Velikanova, Popular Perceptions of Soviet Politics in the 1920s (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2013), 13.31) 13:59Chris Ward, Russia's Cotton Workers and the New Economic Policy: Shop-Floor Culture and State Policy, 1921–29 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).32) 14:50Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 186.33) 15:11Siegelbaum, Soviet State, 204.34) 15:47L. S. Gaponenko, Vedushchaia rol' rabochego klassa v rekonstruktsii promyshlennosti SSSR (Moscow: Akademiia obshchestvennykh nauk, 1973), 88.35) 16:00J. D. Barber and R. W. Davies, ‘Employment and Industrial Labour', in Davies et al. (eds), Economic Transformation, 81–105 (84).36) 16:16Daniel Orlovsky, ‘The Hidden Class: White-Collar Workers in the Soviet 1920s', in Lewis H. Siegelbaum and Ronald G. Suny (eds), Making Workers Soviet: Power, Class and Identity (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994), 220–52 (228).37) 16:49Shkaratan, Problemy, 269.38) 17:53Siegelbaum, Soviet State, 136.39) 18:29Wendy Goldman, Women at the Gates: Gender and Industry in Stalin's Russia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 12.40) 20:19Barber and Davies, ‘Employment', in Davies et al. (eds), Economic Transformation, 84.41) 20:38Siegelbaum, Soviet State, 205.42) 21:56Diane P. Koenker, ‘Men against Women on the Shop Floor in Early Soviet Russia: Gender and Class in the Socialist Workplace', American Historical Review, 100:5 (1995), 1438–64 (1458).43) 22:44Rebecca Spagnolo, ‘Serving the Household, Asserting the Self: Urban Domestic Servant Activism, 1900–1917', in Christine D. Worobec (ed.), The Human Tradition in Imperial Russia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), 141–54 (143).44) 23:33Rebecca Spagnolo, ‘Service, Space and the Urban Domestic in 1920s Russia', in Christina Kiaer and Eric Naiman (eds), Everyday Life in Early Soviet Russia: Taking the Revolution Inside (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006), 230–55.45) 24:29Liutov, Obrechennaia reforma, 106.46) 24:51Siegelbaum, Soviet State, 203.47) 26:10Andrew Pospielovsky, ‘Strikes during the NEP', Revolutionary Russia, 10:1 (1997), 1–34 (16).48) 26:49Kir'ianov, Rosenberg, and Sakharov (eds), Trudovye konflikty, 23.49) 28:03Liutov, Obrechennaia reforma, 124.50) 30:02A. Iu. Livshin, Obshchestvennye nastroeniia v Sovetskoi Rossii, 1917–1929gg. (Moscow: Universitetskii gumanitarnyi litsei, 2004); L. N. Liutov, ‘Nastroeniia rabochikh provintsii v gody nepa', Rossiiskaia istoriia, 4 (2007), 65–74.51) 30:55Vladimir Brovkin, Russia after Lenin: Politics, Culture and Society (London: Routledge, 1998), 186.52) 31:26Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 168.53) 32:24Liutov, Obrechennaia reforma, 133.

Episode 111:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - This Week]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy - 0:43New Economic Policy and Agriculture - 11:08[Part 24 - 26?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFootnotes:1) 1:01The great work on the history of these years is E. H. Carr's fourteen-volume A History of Soviet Russia, which covers the period from 1917 to 1929. It falls into four parts: The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–23 (3 vols, 1950–3); The Interregnum, 1923–1924 (1954); Socialism in One Country, 1924–26 (4 vols, 1958–63); Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926–1929 (6 vols, 1969–78, the first two co-authored with R. W. Davies).2) 3:49V. P. Danilov, ‘Vvedenie', Kak lomali NEP: Stenogrammy plenumov TsK VKP(b), 1928–1929gg., 5 vols (Moscow: Materik, 2000), vol. 1, 5–13 (6).3) 4:41Mark Harrison, ‘Prices in the Politburo 1927: Market Equilibrium versus the Use of Force', in Paul R. Gregory and Norman Naimark (eds), The Lost Politburo Transcripts (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 224–46.4) 7:12V. I. Lenin, ‘On Cooperation', .5) 7:30Moshe Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System (London: Methuen, 1985).6) 8:25Pirani, Russian Revolution in Retreat.7) 8:45L. N. Liutov, Obrechennaia reforma: promyshlennost' Rossii v epokhu NEPa (Ul'ianovsk: Ul'ianovskii gos. universitet, 2002), 17.8) 12:31Danilov, ‘Vvedenie', 6.9) 13:35Mark Harrison, ‘The Peasantry and Industrialization', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 110.10) 13:58Wheatcroft, ‘Agriculture', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 98.11) 14:47Harrison, ‘The Peasantry', 113.12) 16:20Harrison, ‘The Peasantry', 110.13) 16:59E. H. Carr and R. W. Davies, Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926–1929, vol. 1 (London: Macmillan, 1969), 971.14) 17:41Danilov, ‘Vvedenie', 9.15) 18:08Tragediia sovetskoi derevni. Kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie. Dokumentyi i materialy, vol. 1 (Moscow: Rossiiskaia Polit. Entsiklopediia, 1999), 37–8; James Hughes, Stalin, Siberia and the Crisis of the New Economic Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 126–33.16) 18:36V. P. Danilov and O. V. Khlevniuk, ‘Aprel'skii plenum 1928g.', in Kak lomali NEP: Stenogrammy plenumov TsK VKP(b), 1928–1929gg., 5 vols (Moscow: Materik, 2000), vol. 1, 15–33 (29).17) 20:00V. P. Danilov, Rural Russia under the New Regime (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 269.18) 20:31Danilov, Rural Russia, 171.19) 21:20James W. Heinzen, Inventing a Soviet Countryside: State Power and the Transformation of Rural Russia, 1917–1929 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004).20) 23:22Roger Pethybridge, The Social Prelude to Stalinism (Basingstoke: London, 1974), 226.21) 24:51K. B. Litvak, ‘Zhizn' krest'ianina 20-kh godov: sovremennye mify i istoricheskie realii', in NEP: Priobreteniia i poteri (Moscow: Nauka, 1994), 186–202.

Episode 110:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 21]5. War CommunismMobilising IndustryThe Food DictatorshipWar Communism in CrisisSocial Order OverturnedFighting the ChurchWorker Unrest[Part 22 - This Week]5. War CommunismPeasant Wars - 0:27The Kronstadt Rebellion - 13:58Discussion - 28:08[Part 23 - 25?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 26 - 29?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 30?]ConclusionFigure 5.2 - 14:15The Red Army crosses the ice to crush the Kronstadt rebellion, 1921Footnotes:77) 0:44The following draws on Erik Landis, Bandits and Partisans: The Antonov Movement in the Russian Civil War (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008).78) 3:04V. V. Kondrashin, Krest'ianskaia vandeia v Povolzh'e 1918-21gg. (Moscow: Ianus-K, 2001), 40.79) 3:30Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm, 129.80) 3:57I. V. Shvedov and V. S. Kobzov, ‘Revoliutsionnye komitety Urala v gody grazhdanskoi voiny (istoriko-pravovoi aspekt)', Problemy pravy, 5:43 (2013), 199–205 (202).81) 4:59Iarov, Krest'ianin kak politik, 62.82) 8:10Landis, Bandits, 316.83) 8:50.84) 12:02V. V. Moskovkin, ‘Vosstanie krest'ian v Zapadnoi Sibiri v 1921 godu',Voprosy Istorii, 6 (1998), 46–64. For a fierce critique of this, see Vladimir I. Shishkin, ‘Zapadno-Sibirskii miatezh 1921 goda: dostizheniia i iskazheniia rossiiskoi istoriografii', Acta Slavica Iaponica, 17 (2000), 100–29.85) 13:26Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm, 136.86) 14:17Paul Avrich, Kronstadt, 1921 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970); Israel Getzler, Kronstadt, 1917–1921: The Fate of Soviet Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).87) 18:20V. P. Naumov and A. A. Kosakovskii (eds), Kronshtadt 1921: Dokumenty (Moscow: Rossiia XX vek, 1997), 60.88) 20:11See Russian Wikipedia entry for Дело Таганцева.89) 23:31Barbara C. Allen, Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1938: Life of an Old Bolshevik (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 245.90) 25:41Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 193.91) 26:44Gimpel'son, Sovetskie upravlentsy, 171.92) 27:59E. A. Sikorskii, ‘Sovetskaia sistema politicheskogo kontrolia nad naseleniem v 1918–1920 godakh', Voprosy Istorii, 5 (1998), 91–100 (98).

Episode 109:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 20]5. War CommunismMobilising IndustryThe Food DictatorshipWar Communism in CrisisSocial Order OverturnedFighting the Church[Part 21 - This Week]5. War CommunismWorker Unrest - 0:31[Part 22?]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 25?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 26 - 29?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 30?]ConclusionFootnotes:57) 1:36S. G. Strumilin, ‘Obshchii obzor Severnoi oblasti', Materialy po statistike truda Severnoi oblasti, vol. 1 (Petrograd, 1918), 18–19.58) 2:37Diane P. Koenker, ‘Urbanization and Deurbanization in the Russian Revolution', in Koenker, Rosenberg, and Suny (eds), Party, State and Society, 81–104.59) 3:09V. Iu. Cherniaev et al. (eds.), Piterskie rabochie i ‘diktatura proletariata', oktiabr' 1917–1929: ekonomicheskie konflikty, politicheskii protest (St Petersburg: BLITS, 2000), 13.60) 5:51Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), 26.61) 8:12Jonathan Aves, Workers against Lenin: Labour Protest and the Bolshevik Dictatorship (London and New York: Tauris, 1996), 57.62) 10:22David Priestland, Stalinism and the Politics of Mobilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), ch. 1.63) 10:36D. O. Churakov, Revoliutsiia, gosudarstvo, rabochii protest: formy, dinamika i priroda massovykh vystuplenii rabochikh v sovetskoi Rossii, 1917–1918gg. (Moscow: Rossiiskaia politicheskaia entsiklopediia, 2004).64) 11:25V. A. Koklov, ‘Men'sheviki na vyborakh v gorodskie sovety tsentral'noi Rossii vesnoi 1918g', in Men'sheviki i men'shevizm: sbornik statei (Moscow: Izd-vo Tip. Novosti, 1998), 52.65) 12:51Iarov, Gorozhanin kak politik, 24; Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines, 161.66) 13:22Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm v Rossii, 146.67) 15:35Jon Smele, Civil War in Siberia: the Anti-Bolshevik Government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 337, 609.68) 16:42Stephen Wheatcroft, ‘Soviet Statistics of Nutrition and Mortality during Times of Famine', Cahiers du monde russe, 38:4 (1997), 529; Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm v Rossii, 146.69) 16:55B. N. Kazantsev, ‘Materialy gosudarstvennykh, partiinykh i profsoiuznykh organov o vystupleniiakh rabochikh na predpriiatiakh Sovetskoi Rossii v 1918–28gg.', in Iu. I. Kir'ianov, W. Rosenberg, and A. N. Sakharov (eds), Trudovye konflikty v sovetskoi Rossii 1918–1929gg. (Moscow: Editorial URSS, 1998), 38–66 (48).70) 17:35Iarov, Gorozhanin kak politik, 49.71) 18:44Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm, 157.72) 20:49Cherniaev et al. (eds), Piterskie rabochie, 177–83; Krasnaia gazeta, 15 March 1919, 2.73) 22:24Cherniaev et al. (eds), Piterskie rabochie, 18.74) 23:08Aves, Workers against Lenin, 24.75) 23:43Cherniaev et al. (eds), Piterskie rabochie, 274.76) 24:33A. Vyshinskii, ‘Uroki odnoi konferentsii', Pravda, 8 Feb. 1921, 1; Simon Pirani, The Russian Revolution in Retreat, 1920–23: Soviet Workers and the New Economic Policy (London: Routledge, 2008).