Podcasts about Mongol Empire

In the 13th century, the Republic of Venice was one of the leading merchant empires in Europe. The merchants from Venice traveled far and wide in pursuit of profit. A few of them, however, traveled very far.  A small group of men from the same family made the extremely long and dangerous voyage to China during the reign of the Mongol Empire.  The result was a more detailed description of China than had ever been known before in the West. Learn more about the journeys of Marco Polo on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Newspapers.com Get 20% off your subscription to Newspapers.com Mint Mobile Cut your wireless bill to 15 bucks a month at mintmobile.com/eed Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Stitch Fix Go to stitchfix.com/everywhere to have a stylist help you look your best Tourist Office of Spain Plan your next adventure at Spain.info  Stash Go to get.stash.com/EVERYTHING to see how you can receive $25 towards your first stock purchase and to view important disclosures. Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of the Learn Real Polish podcast, I will talk about the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde — one of the most powerful empires in history. We'll explore how the Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and his descendants, created an empire that stretched from Asia to Europe. I will also explain what the Golden Horde was, how it ruled over parts of Eastern Europe, and how it influenced the history of Poland and other countries. This topic is full of dramatic events, surprising facts, and fascinating stories. As always, I will use simple Polish to help you understand and learn more easily. Premium members can read the full transcript of the podcast in Polish at realpolish.plThe post ⁠⁠⁠⁠RP495: Złota Orda⁠⁠ appeared first on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠realpolish.pl

THIS WEEK! In Part 2. We are joined By Michael Hope, and we talk about The split of The Mongol Empire. From The Death Of Chingis Khan To the rule of Mongke, and the Split of the Mongol Empire to Qublai Khans Yan Empire, to The Ilkhanate, and the Golden Horde. All this, and much more on "Well That Aged Well"; with "Erlend Hedegat".Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/well-that-aged-well. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr. Eleanor Janega is joined by Dr. Jeremiah Jenne to explore the incredible impact of the Mongol Empire on medieval history. From Marco Polo's travels, to the Mongol postal system and groundbreaking innovations such as paper money under the Pax Mongolica.The Mongols unified a vast territory, allowing for unprecedented cultural exchange and technological advancements leading to a unique era of stability and interconnectedness shaped the world far beyond the 13th and 14th centuries.More:Genghis Khan to Tamerlanehttps://open.spotify.com/episode/62GXJOJWKCOHEijcyVLUu8?si=8d698a9f680d4b91Gone Medieval is presented by Dr. Eleanor Janega. It was edited by Amy Haddow, the producers are Rob Weinberg and Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music used is courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Gone Medieval is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://uk.surveymonkey.com/r/6FFT7MK

0:00 2014年英语专业四级听力 短文11:31 2014年英语专业四级听力 短文23:23 2014年英语专业四级听力 短文32014年英语专业四级听力短文1This is a picture.这是一张照片。In the foreground, there is a house built into the side of a bare hill.在照片的前景，有一座屋子，屋子建在一座光秃秃的小山的侧面。The house is actually cut out of the rock, and the front is painted white.屋子实际上是从岩石中凿出来的，它的前面被刷成了白色。There is a single window with a pink curtain across it and a wooden door.屋子有一扇拉着粉色窗帘的窗户和一扇木门。This rock house is clearly inhabited because in front of the house, there is washing hanging on a washing line in what looks like the front yard.这座石屋明显有人居住，因为在屋前一块看起来像是前庭的地方有一根晾衣绳，上面挂着洗好的衣服。Then,above the painted front of the house, they've built a chimney.然后，在屋子粉刷一侧的上方，他们建了一个烟囱。It's quite possible that at the back of this same hill there's another door - or the front of another house, perhaps.很有可能在这座山的背面有另一扇门——或者说可能是另一座屋子的前侧。At the side of the house, to the left, there's a flat area.在屋子的一侧——左侧，有一块平地。They've got chairs there and one person appears to be serving food.那儿有椅子，一个人看上去正在上菜。He is wearing casual summer clothes.他穿着随意的夏日装束。Further to the left is another chimney, which probably belongs to a different house.再往左是另一个烟囱，这个烟囱或许是另一户人家的。In the background of the picture, a long way from this particular bare hill,there's another hill.在照片的背景，在离这座荒山很远的地方，有另一座山。Then,in between, there's a relatively flat plain.然后，在两山之间，有一片相对平坦的平原。And then there's a small town.那里还有一座小镇。It looks like a town because there are a lot of white houses and each one is quite close to the next building.它看上去像是一座小镇，因为那儿有许许多多的白屋子，屋子与屋子之间靠得很近。This must be a hot country because the sky is blue and there isn't much vegetation.这一定是个炎热的国家，因为天空很蓝，而且没有太多的植被。I should think that rock houses are actually really cool and pleasant to live in.或许石屋很凉快，住起来很舒服。2014年英语专业四级听力 短文2Ben became interested in Mongolia early in life.本从小就对蒙古国产生了浓厚的兴趣。When he was 9 years old, he read a book about Marco Polo,9岁的时候，他读了一本有关马可·波罗的书，about how Marco Polo traveled with his uncles on the ultimate business trip to the Mongol Empire at its height.这本书讲述了马克·波罗跟随叔叔踏上经商之旅并最终抵达正处于鼎盛时期的蒙古帝国的故事。Marco Polo's trip lasted almost a quarter of a century,马克·波罗的旅程持续了将近四分之一个世纪，during which he grew up, mastered Mongolian, gained the confidence of the Mongol emperor,期间他长大成人，掌握了蒙古语，还取得了蒙古皇帝的信任，and then eventually returned home with fantastic tales of strange lands and stranger people.最后带着异国土地和异国人民的奇妙故事，回到了家乡。The story of Marco Polo fascinated Ben.马可·波罗的故事让本心驰神往。Ben tried to save money from his first job delivering newspapers with an eye toward a $3,000-trip to Mongolia.本一心想用3000美元去一趟蒙古，于是他决心通过自己的第一份工作——送报纸，把钱省下来。But in those days, it would take him years to have the money ready.但那个年代，要凑够这么一笔钱需要他花上数年的时间。So he continued to read about Mongolia in the meantime,于是他一边工作，一边继续阅读有关蒙古国的书籍，but spent most of his teenage years in the Arab world, where he learned the language and became interested in journalism.但他的青少年时期大部分时间是在阿拉伯国家度过的，他在那儿学会了阿拉伯语，并对新闻工作产生了兴趣。He took courses in classical and modern Mongolian while studying for his master's degree and found it very difficult.他在攻读硕士学位期间选择了古典蒙古语和现代蒙古语课程，发现非常难学。But he still wants to visit Mongolia,但他依然想去蒙古，"in the spring or summer," he said,“春天或夏天吧，”他说，"Mongolian winters, when temperatures drop to minus 30 degrees Celsius, are not for me."“蒙古一到冬天温度就降会到零下30度，不适合我。”"The price today with an upscale company is reasonable," Ben said,“如今高端旅游公司的价格比较合理，“本说，"Compared to the $3,000 it was back in 1971,“与1971年的3000美元相比，today the same trip is around $5,000, which, though still a large sum, is, in terms of inflation, a good bargain. "现在去一趟蒙古需要5000美元左右，尽管仍然是笔大钱，但考虑到通货膨胀，就很划算了。2014年英语专业四级听力 短文3Less than 20 miles from Singapore's skyscrapers is a completely different set of high-rise towers.在距离新加坡的摩天大楼建筑群体不到20英里的地方，有一处截然不同的高塔建筑群。over 100 nine-meter-tall towers at Sky Greens vertical farm offer a new vision of urban sustainability.这就是由100多座高9米的高塔构成的SkyGreens垂直农场，它们为城市的可持续发展打开了一扇全新的大门。Green vegetables like Chinese cabbage are grown, stacked in greenhouses, and sold at local supermarkets.农场里种植有绿色蔬菜，比如大白菜，它们整齐地堆放在温室里，等待着在当地超市出售。The farm was built in 2009 and since October this year,农场建于2009年，从今年10月开始，the fully operating farm has been supplying one of the city's supermarkets with weekly deliveries of its greens.农场已全面投入运营，每周都会为市区的一家超市供应绿色蔬菜。The Sky Greens produce costs around 40% more than an imported equivalent.与同等进口产品相比，Sky Greens产品的成本要高出40%左右。However,the small amount of energy and water needed to grow the vegetables,但是，其蔬菜种植所需的能量和水量都很小，and the close proximity to the consumer,而且农场靠近顾客，means that carbon dioxide emitted in production and transportation is kept to a minimum.这意味着生产和运输过程中释放的二氧化碳可降至最低限度。The Sky Greens venture is supported by the Singaporean government Sky Greens,公司受到新加坡政府的鼎力支持，and has another advantage over other urban farms around the world: abundant natural heating and light.此外，它还享有全世界的城市农场都不具有的得天独厚的优势，即丰富的自然供暖和光照。Singapore has year-round temperatures of around 30℃.新加坡全年气温在30摄氏度左右。The farm is set in an open area designated by the government as an agro-technology park,农场位于政府指定为农业科技园区的一片开阔区域内，miles away from the shadow of city skyscrapers.与市区摩天大楼相隔数英里。And there are plans for the current site to expand to produce up to two tons of greens a week next year,农场计划在现有场址上将明年的产量扩大至一周两吨，and build over 2,000 towers in the next few years.并在未来几年里建造两干座以上的高塔。

If you've ever found yourself wondering about missionary efforts to the Mongol Empire, or wished to learn more about the history of the Mongols and their interactions with the Crusaders or Europe at large-- wait no longer. Listen and enjoy. For advertising requests or just to reach out:Contact UsORrevivedthoughts@gmail.comAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Genghis Khan rose from a tumultuous childhood on the Mongolian steppes to eventually unify warring tribes into the formidable Mongol Empire. Renowned for his brutal military campaigns, he employed innovative tactics and psychological warfare to conquer vast territories. But beyond warfare, he established a legal code, promoted religious tolerance and developed trade routes—laying the foundation for modern governance........#wikisleep #sleep #sleepstories #GenghisKhan #mentalhealth #freesleepapp  By becoming a WikiSleep member, you're investing in your own ad-free sleep health—and sleep health is mental health. Thank you for being a supporter. https://plus.acast.com/s/wikisleep. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Mongol Empire continues its campaigns of expansion. Chingis Khan has given his son Jochi the west, but first he must conquer it.

fWotD Episode 2838: Siege of Baghdad Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 10 February 2025 is Siege of Baghdad.The siege of Baghdad took place in early 1258 at Baghdad, the historic capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. After a series of provocations from its ruler, Caliph al-Musta'sim, a large army under Hulegu, a prince of the Mongol Empire, attacked the city. Within a few weeks, Baghdad fell and was sacked by the Mongol army—al-Musta'sim was killed alongside hundreds of thousands of his subjects. The city's fall has traditionally been seen as marking the end of the Islamic Golden Age; in reality, its ramifications are uncertain.After the accession of his brother Möngke Khan to the Mongol throne in 1251, Hulegu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, was dispatched westwards to Persia to secure the region. His massive army of over 138,000 men took years to reach the region but then quickly attacked and overpowered the Nizari Ismaili Assassins in 1256. The Mongols had expected al-Musta'sim to provide reinforcements for their army—the Caliph's failure to do so, combined with his arrogance in negotiations, convinced Hulegu to overthrow him in late 1257. Invading Mesopotamia from all sides, the Mongol army soon approached Baghdad, routing a sortie on 17 January 1258 by flooding their camp. They then invested Baghdad, which was left with around 30,000 troops.The assault began at the end of January. Mongol siege engines breached Baghdad's fortifications within a couple of days, and Hulegu's highly-trained troops controlled the eastern wall by 4 February. The increasingly desperate al-Musta'sim frantically tried to negotiate, but Hulegu was intent on total victory, even killing soldiers who attempted to surrender. The Caliph eventually surrendered the city on 10 February, and the Mongols began looting three days later. The total number of people who died is unknown, as it was likely increased by subsequent epidemics; Hulegu later estimated the total at around 200,000. After calling an amnesty for the pillaging on 20 February, Hulegu executed the caliph. In contrast to the exaggerations of later Muslim historians, Baghdad prospered under Hulegu's Ilkhanate, although it did decline in comparison to the new capital, Tabriz.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:30 UTC on Monday, 10 February 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Siege of Baghdad on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Justin.

Genghis Khan is dead, and his 3rd son Ögedei has ben selected to lead the Mongol Empire into an uncertain future. Once he is confirmed on the throne, he'll strike on in every direction against every foe at once. On the way, there will be virgin sacrifices, talking wolves, free money, mass enslavement, Persian princes, Assassins, poison, angry water spirits, battle-mages, cannibalism... and that's just the tip of the iceberg! Time Period Covered: 1227-1234 CE Major Historical Figures: Ogedeids: Ogedei Khaghan Subotai the Valiant General Chormakhan General  Dokholkhu Cherbi   Minister Yelu Chu Cai Toluids: Tolui Khan Sorkhakhtani Beki Khatun Chagatids: Chagatai Khan Khwarazmia: Jalal al-Din Kingdom of Georgia: Queen Rusudan Jin Dynasty: Emperor Aizong General Wanyan Yi General Cui Li Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

fWotD Episode 2795: Jochi Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Sunday, 29 December 2024 is Jochi.Jochi (Mongolian: ᠵᠦᠴᠢ; c. 1182 – c. 1225), also known as Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent military commander and the progenitor of the family who ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde.Jochi was the son of Börte, the first wife of the Mongol leader Temüjin. For many months before Jochi's birth, Börte had been a captive of the Merkit tribe, one of whom forcibly married and raped her. Although there was thus considerable doubt over Jochi's parentage, Temüjin considered him his son and treated him accordingly. Many Mongols, most prominently Börte's next son Chagatai, disagreed; these tensions eventually led to both Chagatai and Jochi being excluded from the line of succession to the Mongol throne.After Temüjin founded the Mongol Empire in 1206 and took the name Genghis Khan, he entrusted Jochi with nine thousand warriors and a large territory in the west of the Mongol heartland; Jochi commanded and participated in numerous campaigns to secure and extend Mongol power in the region. He was also a prominent commander during the invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire (1219–1221), during which he subdued cities and tribes to the north. During the 1221 Siege of Gurganj, tensions arose between him, his brothers, and Genghis, which never healed. Jochi was still estranged from his family when he died of ill health c. 1225. His son Batu was appointed to rule his territories in his stead.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:53 UTC on Sunday, 29 December 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Jochi on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Justin.

After the death of Chinggis Khan, the founder and first Emperor of the Mongol Empire, the land became the largest contiguous empire in history.The Horde, the western portion of the Mongol empire, was the central node in the Eurasian commercial boom of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and was a conduit for exchanges across thousands of miles. A force in global development as important as Rome, the Horde left behind a profound legacy in Europe, Russia, Central Asia, and the Middle East, palpable to this day.Marie Favereau, Associate Professor of History at Paris Nanterre University, joins Dan on the podcast. They discuss the Mongols as thinkers who constructed one of the most influential empires in history and how that empire continued to shape, incubate and grow the political cultures it conquered.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.

Hello, I'm Gregg Swanson, a performance coach with a passion for helping others push boundaries. Whether exploring the peaks of mountaineering or the depths of self-awareness, I've learned that growth starts with mental and spiritual clarity. Let's start your journey today by learning how to think like Genghis Khan! Introduction to Genghis Khan When you think of the word “warrior,” what comes to mind? Maybe a strong knight in armor, a Spartan with a shield, or a Ninja moving silently in the dark. But one of history's most legendary warriors didn't wear shiny armor or wield magical swords. Instead, he carried a vision so strong it changed the world forever. That warrior was Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire. If I told you that Genghis Khan grew up facing betrayal, abandonment, and near-starvation, you might be surprised. Yet, this boy, born as Temüjin on the harsh Mongolian steppe, became one of the most powerful leaders of all time. He didn't just win wars...he united people, adapted to any challenge, and built an empire so vast it covered 12 million square miles. That's bigger than the entire continent of Africa! But here's the exciting part: You don't need to conquer the world to think like Genghis Khan. You can adapt his warrior mindset to conquer your goals, face challenges, and lead your life with strength and purpose. Let's break down his mindset and discover how to unleash the warrior within you. 1 - Relentless Adaptability: Embrace Change Like a River Imagine you're standing in the middle of a fast-moving river. What happens if you fight against the current? You'll get exhausted, maybe swept away. But if you learn to move with the water, flowing and adjusting as needed, you'll go much further. Genghis Khan was the master of adaptability. He understood that life on the Mongolian plains was unpredictable...fierce weather, scarce resources, and constant warfare. Instead of complaining, he adapted. He trained his people to move quickly, adjust strategies on the fly, and use whatever tools they had to survive. For example, when Genghis Khan fought cities with giant walls (a big problem for horseback warriors), he didn't give up. Instead, he learned siege warfare from other cultures and improved upon it. His army built catapults, dug trenches, and outsmarted opponents who thought they were safe behind stone walls. Lesson for You: When life throws obstacles in your path...like a surprise test, a broken relationship, or a tough decision...you have two choices: resist and get stuck or adapt and grow. The next time things don't go your way, pause and ask yourself, “What's another way I can approach this?” Like Genghis, you can turn problems into opportunities. 2 - Unity Through Vision: Lead with Purpose Picture this: You're part of a team with no leader, no plan, and no direction. Everyone's running around doing their own thing. How far will you get? Not very. Before Genghis Khan, the Mongol tribes were like that team...scattered, fighting among themselves, and losing to outside enemies. But Genghis had a vision: to unite the tribes and create something stronger than any one group could achieve alone. And here's the kicker...he led with fairness. He promoted warriors based on merit, not bloodline. Whether you were the son of a noble or a poor shepherd, if you had skill and courage, you could rise through the ranks. This inspired loyalty because people knew they had a chance to succeed. Lesson for You: What's your “vision” for your life? Maybe it's getting into your dream college, starting your own business, or becoming the best athlete on your team. Define that vision and share it with others who can support you. Great leaders bring people together by showing them how they're all part of something bigger. 3 - Psychological Warfare: The Battle is Won in the Mind You've probably heard the phrase,

Jack Weatherford returns to the pod which marks a pretty sentimental moment for me (links are at the bottom of this email, before the transcript snippet).Jack's first appearance was #19 of the podcast. To this day, it's my favourite podcast I've ever recorded. These are links to the first appearance. Jack Weatherford #19 on SpotifyJack Weatherford #19 on AppleJack Weatherford #19 on YoutubeBut four years ago, when I had just started this podcast, I had written to Jack telling how I was listening to the final chapters of his book while walking across sand dunes in Merghouza, (a desolate slice of the Sahara in south west Morocco). The chapter was making the case for how the plagues viral spread was downstream of the Mongols connectivity of the modern world. I wrote that I was keen to interview him for this podcast that I had just started. There were lots of rejection for a while in the first few years and I had no expectations he would even get back to me. But to my surprise he did, and it was an emphatic yes. We corresponded a bit over email, recorded a 4 hour discussion, of which 3 where published And it was as much a dedication to Mongolia as it was Genghis Khan and the Mongols. And I've waited in the years since to see him appear on Rogan, Fridman, Tim Ferriss or even a Dan Carlin addendum, since these are all blokes who have openly praised and spoken about Jack's work many times. But so far, nothing, although it looks like one of them may correct this, which Jack may or may not give away at the end.But onto this episode today. Jack has just published his final instalment on the Mongols, his fourth book on the topic. It's called Emperor Of The Seas and it's about Genghis's grandson, Kublai Khan, who expanded the Mongol territory beyond the dominion his grandfather conquered 50 years before him. Kublai folded into the Khan empire the fertile agricultural lands of south China, repurposed that fleet and the expertise along with and expanded the Khan empire beyond the oceans. Mongols sitting on horseback, atop goat skins, riding wooden ships. Jack Weatherford #190 Of The Curious Worldview Podcast on YoutubeEmperor Of The Seas - Jack Weatherford

In the far east of the Eurasian steppe, the sound of hoofbeats is growing... In this episode we travel along the vast grassland corridor of the steppe, to hear one of the most remarkable and unlikely stories from medieval history – the story of the Mongol Empire. Find out how this group of nomadic horse riders united the peoples of the Mongolian steppe, and forged them into a truly unique kind of state. Discover how they conquered much of the lands of Eurasia, and brought the distant cultures of China, Persia, the Middle East and Europe into contact. And hear the story of how the world's largest land empire finally came apart, and left the world as we know it in its wake. Voice Actors: Michael Hajiantonis Lachlan Lucas Alexandra Boulton Simon Jackson Tom Marshall-Lee Chris Harvey, Nick Denton Amrit Sandhu Matt Bidulph Paul Casselle Readings in Arabic were performed by Oussama Taher. Readings in Chinese were by Richard Teng. Readings from the secret history of the Mongols in Mongolian were performed by Uiles

This week Scott and Patrick are joined by Dan from Nice Podcast Stupid to discuss the foundational myth of the Japanese people. In the late 1200's during the reign of Kublai Khan, the mighty Mongol Empire set its sights on the isolated island country of Japan and through a series of daring battles, scenes of genocide and a few brushes with divine "Kami" the island nation was able to survive the onslaught that many of their many Asian neighbors were not. Check out Dan's show on youtube "Nice Podcast Stupid" and follow him on twitter @nicenamestupid Check out Patrick's work at www.cantgetfooledagain.com and follow him on twitter @cantgetfooledagin and instagram @cantgetfooledagainradio This week's episode was sponsored by Magic Mind. For 20 percent off any purchase or on the purchase of a new subscription visit our link at www.magicmind.com/historyh20 and use code HISTORYH20 For the audio version of the show visit www.historyhomos.com or subscribe and download on Itunes, spotify or wherever else podcasts are found. The video version is available on Bitchute, Odysee, Rumble, Rokfin and Substack For programming updates and news follow us across social media @historyhomospod and follow Scott @Scottlizardabrams OR subscribe to our telegram channel t.me/historyhomos At this time our telegram group chat is STILL the friendliest place on the internet. Join at t.me/historyhomoschat today! To support the show and get access to bonus episodes please join our community at www.historyhomospod.substack.com To order a History Homos T shirt (and recieve a free sticker) please send your shirt size and address to Historyhomos@gmail.com and please address all questions, comments and concerns there as well. Later homos --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/historyhomos/support

In the far east of the Eurasian steppe, the sound of hoofbeats is growing... In this episode we travel along the vast grassland corridor of the steppe, to hear one of the most remarkable and unlikely stories from medieval history – the story of the Mongol Empire. Find out how this group of nomadic horse riders united the peoples of the Mongolian steppe, and forged them into a truly unique kind of state. Discover how they conquered much of the lands of Eurasia, and brought the distant cultures of China, Persia, the Middle East and Europe into contact. And hear the story of how the world's largest land empire finally came apart, and left the world as we know it in its wake. Voice Actors: Michael Hajiantonis Lachlan Lucas Alexandra Boulton Simon Jackson Tom Marshall-Lee Chris Harvey, Nick Denton Amrit Sandhu Matt Bidulph Paul Casselle Readings in Arabic were performed by Oussama Taher. Readings in Chinese were by Richard Teng. Readings from the secret history of the Mongols in Mongolian were performed by Uiles

Guest: Jack Weatherford is an anthropologist and author of the best-selling book Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. He has spent over 25 years exploring Mongolia and its history, and his writing on the Mongol Empire has transformed our understanding of its long legacy. Jack Weatherford is the retired DeWitt Wallace Chair of Anthropology at Macalester College in Minnesota, and he is the only foreigner ever inducted into the Order of Chinggis Khaan, Mongolia's highest national honor. His other books include The Secret History of the Mongol Queens, Genghis Khan and the Quest for God, Indian Givers: How Native Americans Transformed the World, The History of Money, and his latest, Emperor of the Seas: Kublai Khan and the Making of China. The post Jack Weatherford on Kublai Khan and the Making of China appeared first on KPFA.

On the third most voted for topic of Block 2024, we talk about one of the most successful and fearsome leaders in human history, the founder of the Mongol Empire; Genghis Khan. This is a comedy/history podcast, the report about the murders begins at approximately 08:57 (though as always, we go off on tangents throughout the report).*Content warning for sexual assault, at approximately: 1:48:34For all our important links: https://linktr.ee/dogoonpod Check out our other podcasts:Book Cheat: https://play.acast.com/s/book-cheatPrime Mates: https://play.acast.com/s/prime-mates/Listen Now: https://play.acast.com/s/listen-now/Who Knew It with Matt Stewart: https://play.acast.com/s/who-knew-it-with-matt-stewart/Our awesome theme song by Evan Munro-Smith and logo by Peader ThomasDo Go On acknowledges the traditional owners of the land we record on, the Wurundjeri people, in the Kulin nation. We pay our respects to elders, past and present. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING:https://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-wrath-of-the-khans-series/ https://www.worldhistory.org/Genghis_Khan/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Genghis-Khan/Legacyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan#Legacy_and_historical_assessmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empirehttps://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/genghis-khanhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/01/08/the-frustrating-hunt-for-genghis-kahns-long-lost-tomb-just-got-a-whole-lot-easier/ https://www.iflscience.com/fact-check-are-one-in-200-people-descended-from-genghis-khan-65357 https://historyofyesterday.com/subutai-the-general-who-conquered-the-most-territory-in-history/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests#Death_toll Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

There have been reports that over 11,000 North Korean troops are present in Russia and preparing to take part in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. While not acknowledged by either country, if true, this would mark a historic milestone: the first East Asian troops present in Europe since the Mongol Empire.  North Korea shares land borders with three countries: China, South Korea, and Russia. Despite this, the North Korea-Russia relationship has received less attention geopolitically. With Russia's increasing international isolation, it's pushed Putin to seek alternative alliances. What does this tell us about the geopolitics of the region? How aware was China of North Korea's decision to help Putin? And could the incoming Trump administration impact relations? Historian John Delury joins Cindy Yu to try and disentangle these complicated diplomatic relations. Produced by Patrick Gibbons and Cindy Yu.

There have been reports that over 11,000 North Korean troops are present in Russia and preparing to take part in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. While not acknowledged by either country, if true, this would mark a historic milestone: the first East Asian troops present in Europe since the Mongol Empire.  North Korea shares land borders with three countries: China, South Korea, and Russia. Despite this, the North Korea-Russia relationship has received less attention geopolitically. With Russia's increasing international isolation, it's pushed Putin to seek alternative alliances. What does this tell us about the geopolitics of the region? How aware was China of North Korea's decision to help Putin? And could the incoming Trump administration impact relations? Historian John Delury joins Cindy Yu to try and disentangle these complicated diplomatic relations. Produced by Patrick Gibbons and Cindy Yu.

This week, Ryan and Brian get Viewer Mail from Alex Verdugo, a Little Known Fact from Matthew Gritzmacher, and launch the Official Ryan's Middle Name Bracket. There's also a new Contest of Now, available at https://bemoresmarter.com/contest If you get bored (how could you?!), write something for the Fill Me In wiki. And if you're feeling philanthropic, donate to our Patreon. Do you enjoy our show? Actually, it doesn't matter! Please consider leaving us a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts. This will help new listeners find our show, and you'll be inducted into the Quintuple Decker Turkey Club. Drop us a note or a Tweet or a postcard or a phone call — we'd love to hear from you. Helpful links: Apple Podcasts link: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fill-me-in/id1364379980 Google Play link: https://player.fm/series/fill-me-in-2151002 Amazon/Audible link: https://www.amazon.com/item_name/dp/B08JJRM927 RSS feed: http://bemoresmarter.libsyn.com/rss Contact us: Email (fmi@bemoresmarter.com) / Facebook / Twitter / Instagram We're putting these words here to help with search engine optimization. We don't think it will work, but you probably haven't read this far, so it doesn't matter: baseball, crossword, crosswords, etymology, game, hunt, kealoa, movies, musicals, mystery, oscar, pizza, puzzle, puzzles, sandwiches, soup, trivia, words

Send a Message to the TeamThe team examines a fork where Batu Khan decides to take over the unified Mongol Empire when it is offered to him, instead of deferring to another leader.  Panel: Chris and Dylan  You can follow and interact with A Fork In Time on…. Discord: https://discord.com/invite/xhZEmZMKFS Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aforkintime Twitter: @AFITPodcast Our YouTube Channel If you enjoy the podcast and want to support it financially, you can help by: Supporting us monthly via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/aforkintime ....or, make a one-time donation via Podfan to A Fork In Time Website: www.aforkintimepodcast.com E-Mail: aforkintimepodcast@gmail.com Theme Music: Conquer by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comSupport the show

In the late 13th century, the Mongol Empire was at the peak of its power.  It was at this time that the Mongol Emperor of China, Kublai Khan, set his eyes on the islands of Japan.  On two separate occasions, the Mongols assembled the largest amphibious fleet in world history. Both times, they discovered the limits of their military conquests. Learn more about the Mongol invasions of Japan on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Plan your next trip to Spain at Spain.info! Sign up at butcherbox.com/daily and use code daily to get chicken breast, salmon or ground beef FREE in every order for a year plus $20 off your first order! Subscribe to the podcast!  https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Ben Long & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today, Father Casey of Breaking in the Habit answers some questions posed by atheists. He doesn't choose very good ones, and I end up defending Jesus against Father Casey saying there's no evidence for him! Weird stuff.Cards:3 Minutes of Lazy Apologetics?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn1rFo995z0Rhino COMING OUT?!?

A bit of a random episode with some discussion of Rome, the Mongol Empire, and Roman ruins you can visit here in Spain – as well as a diverse beachside wedding and election season in the USA. More on the web: https://expatmadrid.com/thinking-rome/ Donate to the podcast here: https://expatmadrid.com/donate/ Thanks for listening!

We take a small break from music to have our very own Professor Bo Lueders take time out of his busy schedule to answer some in-depth historical questions. He is right about 30% of the time, let's see if this week he can hit 40%. HardLore is now on Patreon! Join now to watch every single weekly episode early and ad-free, alongside exclusive monthly episodes: https://patreon.com/hardlorepod HardLore Official Website/HardLore Records store: https://hardlorepod.com Join the HARDLORE DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jA9rppggef Get 20% OFF @manscaped + Free Shipping with promo code HARDLORE at MANSCAPED.com! #ad #manscapedpod FOLLOW HARDLORE: INSTAGRAM | https://www.instagram.com/hardlorepod/ TWITTER | https://twitter.com/hardlorepod SPOTIFY | https://spoti.fi/3J1GIrp APPLE | https://apple.co/3IKBss2 FOLLOW COLIN: INSTAGRAM | https://www.instagram.com/colinyovng/ TWITTER | https://www.twitter.com/ColinYovng FOLLOW BO: INSTAGRAM | https://www.instagram.com/bosxe/ TWITTER | https://www.twitter.com/bosxe 00:00:00 - Start 00:02:26 - Dracula... Is he real? 00:03:11 - 9/11 00:05:04 - How Do They Get Sound on Vinyl 00:06:25 - Favorite War 00:11:18 - Favorite WW2 Fact 00:13:33 - Prohibition And Its Effects 00:16:54 - Favorite Chicago History lore 00:19:04 - Breaking Down The Electoral College 00:22:41 - What is more terrifying 00:27:01 - Favorite Fact from the Mongol Empire 00:29:58 - Did the Egyptians actually build the pyramids? 00:35:43 - Significance of the Battle of Gettysburg 00:39:18 - Pardon This interruption Professor Bo... 00:40:35 - What caused the great depression 00:43:52 - Vietnam 00:48:42 - The origin of Ghosts 00:52:22 - JFK / Abraham Lincoln Connection 00:53:43 - Political Motivated Murders 00:57:49 - A historical event that changed millions of lives

// GUEST // Book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0609809644 Website: https://www.macalester.edu/anthropology/facultystaff/jackweatherford/ // SPONSORS // The Farm at Okefenokee: https://okefarm.com/ Heart and Soil Supplements (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://heartandsoil.co/ In Wolf's Clothing: https://wolfnyc.com/ Tuttle Twins: http://angel.com/breedlove Mindlab Pro: https://www.mindlabpro.com/breedlove// PRODUCTS I ENDORSE // Protect your mobile phone from SIM swap attacks: https://www.efani.com/breedlove Noble Protein (discount code BREEDLOVE for 15% off): https://nobleorigins.com/ The Bitcoin Advisor: https://content.thebitcoinadviser.com/breedlove Lineage Provisions (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://lineageprovisions.com/?ref=breedlove_22 Colorado Craft Beef (use discount code BREEDLOVE): https://coloradocraftbeef.com/  // SUBSCRIBE TO THE CLIPS CHANNEL // https://www.youtube.com/@robertbreedloveclips2996/videos // OUTLINE // 0:00 - WiM Intro 1:16 - The Farm at Okefenokee 2:35 - Who was Genghis Khan? 14:09 - Mongol Views on Women's Rights 17:05 - Khan's Warfare Strategy 28:58 - Heart and Soil Supplements 29:58 - Helping Lightning Startups with In Wolf's Clothing 30:50 - The Importance of Adaptability 43:16 - Advantages of the Mongol Army 1:05:25 - Human/Religious Freedom under Khan 1:14:18 - Tuttle Twins: Teaching Kids Critical Thinking 1:15:34 - Mind Lab Pro 1:16:44 - Khan's Religious Beliefs 1:22:13 - Control of Commerce and Silk Road 1:24:37 - Mongol Standardized Currency 1:31:57 - How Many Descendants does Khan have? 1:39:24 - What Inspired Jack Weatherford?// PODCAST // Podcast Website: https://whatismoneypodcast.com/Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-what-is-money-show/id1541404400Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/25LPvm8EewBGyfQQ1abIsE?RSS Feed: https://feeds.simplecast.com/MLdpYXYI// SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL // Bitcoin: 3D1gfxKZKMtfWaD1bkwiR6JsDzu6e9bZQ7 Sats via Strike: https://strike.me/breedlove22 Sats via Tippin.me: https://tippin.me/@Breedlove22Dollars via Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/RBreedloveDollars via Venmo: https://account.venmo.com/u/Robert-Breedlove-2The "What is Money?" Show Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=32843101// WRITTEN WORK // Medium: https://breedlove22.medium.com/Substack: https://breedlove22.substack.com/ // SOCIAL // Breedlove Twitter: https://twitter.com/Breedlove22WiM? Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatisMoneyShowLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/breedlove22/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breedlove_22/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@breedlove22All My Current Work: https://linktr.ee/robertbreedlove

At its height, the Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, initially forged under the leadership of Genghis Khan. Spanning from 1206 to 1368, it extended across much of Eurasia, fueled by advanced technology and a formidable force of nomadic warriors. The Mongol Empire's influence was profound, leaving a lasting legacy that even reached the world of fresh produce.In this episode, John is joined by special guest Dr. Marie Favereau, a leading expert on the Mongols and the Golden Horde, to explore the intriguing impact of the Mongol Empire on agriculture and fresh produce. How did an empire led by pastoralists manage its agricultural territories? What role did the Silk Road play in the exchange of crops and the spread of key agricultural techniques? Did the Mongols even enjoy fresh produce? And what traces of their influence can still be seen in agriculture today?Tune in to uncover the surprising ways the Mongols shaped the world of fresh produce and agriculture.Order your copy of Dr. Favereau's book The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World.Join the History of Fresh Produce Club (https://app.theproduceindustrypodcast.com/access/) for ad-free listening, bonus episodes, book discounts and access to an exclusive chatroom community.Instagram, TikTok, Threads:@historyoffreshproduceEmail: historyoffreshproduce@gmail.com

This week we're pulling an oldie from the vault from our Ancient Archery series we did. Enjoy part of of this two part series and we dive into the techniques, technology and hunting strategies of ancient civilizations.  On this Episode... Mesolithic period stone art depicting archery and hunting. How bows, arrows and arrow heads were made in the Mesolithic period. The materials and techniques used and instructions for how to recreate the process. Egyptian archery technology including materials used and methods for construction and Egyptian hunting techniques. Persian archery technology and methods as well as hunting techniques. Chinese archery techniques and technology as well as their hunting methods. Greek archery technology and craftsmanship as well as hunting methods. A deep dive into Ganghis Khan and his giant Mongol Empire. The effectiveness of the archery skills of Ganghis and his armies. How overwhelming and effective the Mongol armies were with their archery and horseback archers. The slow development and improvement in archery and hunting techniques and methods. Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/whiskeyandwhitetails Instagram - @whiskeyandwhitetails Facebook - @whiskeyandwhitetails X - @whskywhitetail Website & Store - www.whiskeyandwhitetails.com YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUX9-ft9bLcrNMUMREwj4Dw/featured MORE: We'd like to extend a special thank you to everyone who has supported us along this journey so far. We've done a lot in a short time and have so much more we're excited to do still. We must give a particularly BIG shoutout to our growing Patreon Community! If you enjoy our content, consider giving us a 5 star rating on your favorite podcast app, leave us a review, and tell a fellow whiskey or whitetail/hunting enthusiast about our show. We'd be beyond grateful for the support.  Make sure to stay up to date on everything we're doing through our Instagram and visit our website to check out our latest journal posts about hunting, whiskey and cigars and our shop for our latest barrel made products. Last but not lease, please consider joining our Patreon community where you'll get exclusive access to Patreon only content, early access to other content, prizes, giveaways, a voice in what content we create, live streams, expand our ability to bring you EVEN MORE awesome content as well as a community of awesome whiskey and outdoor enthusiasts. This podcast is a part of the Waypoint TV Podcast Network. Waypoint is the ultimate outdoor network featuring streaming of full-length fishing and hunting television shows, short films and instructional content, a social media network, and Podcast Network. Follow Waypoint on Instagram at the following accounts @waypointtv @waypointpodcasts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

September 3, 1260. An Egyptian Mamluk army wins a pivotal battle, halting the Mongol Empire's westward expansion.Support the show! Join Into History for ad-free listening and more.History Daily is a co-production of Airship and Noiser.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this interview, Jack Wilson, historian of the Mongol Empire and PhD candidate at Central European University discusses his current research into the Mongol invasions of Hungary in the thirteenth century.Focussing on the lesser known Mongol invasion of Hungary in the 1280s, and viewing this from the perspective of the Mongols, Jack's research considers the likely reasons for the invasion.  His analysis shows that the Mongol motivations were closely linked to internal power struggles  and dynastic conflicts within the Golden Horde, and changing climatic conditions in their home steppe-land.  Jack's analysis also implies that the invasion was not for conquest, but for loot and slaves, and to enhance the reputation a leading contender within their internal power struggles.  Jack also demonstrates how the Mongolian elite viewed the world and the place of themselves and their vast empire within it.This podcast is part of a series of interviews covering central Europe in the medieval period for MECERN and CEU Medieval Studies.

Across the trackless expanses of the northwestern frontier zones, far beyond the final vestiges of Great Qing sovereignty or protection, independent, oasis trade hubs survive and even thrive across central Asia during the chaos of the 16th & 17th centuries. They and their denizens, though largely cut off from the rest of the wider world, nevertheless serve a vital – though fragile – linkage between east and west. Here, north of the Taklamakan Desert, the Oirat Mongols continue to live much as they have these past several centuries… until a group known as the Dzungars under a rising leader called Batur Hong Taiji will start dreaming bigger: an Albany Plan of Union… with Mongol characteristics… Time Period Covered: ~1680 CE Major Historical Figures: Four Oirat/Dzungar Mongols: Baibagas Khan [r. 1585-1640] Chechen Khan (Ochirtu) [r. 1640~1670] Zaya Pandita [d. 1662] Khara Khula [d. 1634] Batur Hongtaiji [r. 1634-1653] Sengge [r. 1653-1671] Queen Anu of the Khoshuts [~1653-1696] Boshoghtu Khan (Galdan) [1644-1697, r. 1671-97] Other Mongols: Altan Khan of the Golden Horde Jasaku Khan of the Khalkhas Dge-lugs-pa Tibetan Buddhist Sect: The 5th Dalai Lama (Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso] [1617-1682] Great Qing: The Kangxi Emperor (Aisin Gioro Xuanye) [r. 1661-1722] Major Work Cited: Amitai-Preiss, Reuven & David O. Morgan (eds.) The Mongol Empire & its Legacy. Halkovic, Jr., Stephen A. The Mongols of the West. Miyawaki, Junko. “The Chinggisid Principle In Russia” in The Frontier In Russian History, Vol. 19, No. 1/4. Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Taupier, Richard. “Yeke Caaji, the Mongol-Oyirod Great Code of 1640: Innovation In Eurasian State Formation” in Asian Literature and Translation, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Our only source for many of the stories about the life of Genghis Khan, The Secret History of the Mongols is a crucial document for understanding the Mongol Empire.Support the Show.

The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered much of Kievan Rus' in the mid-13th century, sacking numerous cities including the largest such as Kiev and Chernigov. The siege of Kiev in 1240 by the Mongols is generally held to mark the end of Kievan Rus', which had been undergoing fragmentation.  Travel to Peru and Germany with me here Check out our sister podcast the Mystery of Everything Coffee Collab With The Lore Lodge COFFEE Bonus episodes as well as ad-free episodes on Patreon. Find us on Instagram. Join us on Discord. Submit your relatives on our website Podcast Youtube Channel Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hey, Hi, Hello, this is the History Wizard and welcome back for Day 10 of Have a Day w/ The History Wizard. Thank you to everyone who tuned in for Day 9 last week, and especially thank you to everyone who rated and/or reviewed the podcast. I hope you all learned something last week and I hope the same for this week. This week we're going to be learning about history's favorite war criminal, Genghis Khan. The man, the myth, the incorrigible slut. But first! It's time for another installment of the Alchemist's Table. Today potion is called Summer Cyclone. Take 1.5 oz of anejo tequila, 1 oz of Blue curacao, and 1 oz of coconut syrup. Shake vigorously and pour into a wine glass. Top with prosecco and enjoy. With that out of the way it's time for a biography! Would it shock you to hear that Genghis Khan was not his given name? The Khan of khans was born Temujin sometime between the years 1155 and 1167, there is still a lot of dispute over exactly when Temujin was born, though many traditions have him being born in the Year of the Pig, so either 1155 or 1167, although based on its fidelity to the accepted timeline of Temujin's life, 1162 is generally considered the most accurate estimate for his birth year. Temujin's life gets even more confusing when you learn that even his birthPLACE is up for debate. The Secret History records his birthplace as Delüün Boldog on the Onon River, but this has been placed at either Dadal in Khentii Province or in southern Agin-Buryat Okrug, Russia. The Secret History being the book The Secret History of the Mongols, which is the oldest surviving literary text we have written in a Mongolian language, though it bears noting that it was written after Temujin's death. Oh yeah, and we also don't know where he's buried. It's generally accepted that he is buried somewhere near the Mongol sacred mountain of Burkhan Khaldun in the Khentii Mountains. But the exact site of his burial is, to this day, unknown. So, we don't know when he was born, we don't know where he was born, and we don't know where he was buried.  So what DO we know about the life and times of Temujin? Luckily, a whole fucking lot. Though, before we get into the scholarly consensus, let's talk about some of the myths and legends surrounding his birth. Some legends say that Temujin was born clutching a blood clot in his hand, this is a somewhat common trope in various Asian folktales prophesying that Temujin would grow up to be a great warrior. It is also said that Hö'elün, Temujin's mother and the principal wife of Yesügei, chieftain of the Borjigin tribe was impregnated by a ray of light. Oh, and apparently Temujin's entire family line was started by a blue grey wolf and a red doe about 21 generations prior to his birth. Yesügei,died when Temujin was 8 years old after being poisoned by a group of Tartars that he was sharing a meal with. Temujin was able to ally himself with some of his father's former friends and allies and began to rise to some levels of prominence, but tensions with one of his friends Jamukha eventually led to the two men fighting a decisive battle, which Temujin list and afterwards was not seen in the lands of his father for about a decade. There was, for a long while, debate and dispute over where Temujin was and what happened to him during that time, though it is now generally accepted that he crossed the border into Jin China where he lived as either a servant or slave, sources are unclear on exactly which. Temujin's clash with his former friend Jamukha took place in 1187 Dalan Baljut, and it would be around 1196 that Temujin returned to the steppes, now much more powerful and influential than he'd been before. In early summer 1196, he participated in a joint campaign with the Jin against the Tatars, who had begun to act contrary to Jin interests. As a reward, the Jin awarded him the honorific cha-ut kuri, the meaning of which probably approximated "commander of hundreds" in Jurchen. At around the same time, he assisted Toghrul with reclaiming the lordship of the Kereit, which had been usurped by one of Toghrul's relatives with the support of the powerful Naiman tribe. The actions of 1196 fundamentally changed Temüjin's position in the steppe—although nominally still Toghrul's vassal, he was de facto an equal ally. Now, when speaking of Genghis Khan one of the things that is most often spoken about is his infamous cruelty, but this trait was not unique to him. After his defeat of his former friend Temujin Jamukha is said to have boiled 70 prisoners alive. Shortly after his return, when many of Jamukha's former allies defected in the face of his cruelty and harshness, Temujin was able to subdue the disobedient Jurkin tribe that had previously offended him at a feast and refused to participate in the Tatar campaign. After executing their leaders, he had one of his men symbolically break a leading Jurkin's back in a staged wrestling match in retribution. What followed was a series of campaigns with Temujin and Torghul on one side, and Jamukha on the other, having been named gurkhan, khan of the tribes, by those tribes, mainly the Onggirat, the Tayichiud, and the Tatars, who wanted to break the growing strength and supremacy of Temujin and Torghul. This campaign began in 1201 and was completed by 1202. During it a man named Jebe, from one of the tribes Temujin fought against entered into Temujin's service. How you ask? Well during one of the battles Jebe shot Temujin's horse out from under him. Temujin thought that was dope as fuck and said “Hey, you want a job? If you don't I can always kill you.” Jebe took the job. After each tribe was defeated Temujin killed their leaders and folded the surviving troops into his armies, many of them becoming nökor or noyans of Temujin during the rest of his life and campaigns. After proposing the marriage of his son Jochi (who might not have been his actual blood related son, but might have been adopted by Temujin after his wife Borte was captured and then several months later gave birth to him) Temujin was betrayed by his ally Torghul. Jamukha, who had been granted clemency following his defeat whispered poison into the ears of the other tribal leaders. He said that this was a ploy by Temujin to gain control of Torgul's tribe the Kereit. He also fed into their fears of how Temujin was already shaking up steppe society by promotion based on merit instead of based on blood lines, something that annoyed and angered many of the tribal aristocracy. After his defeat and forced retreat Temujin called in every available ally he still had and swore to them a, now famous, oath of loyalty that has come to be known as the Baljuna Covenant. What follows is allegedly part of Temujin's declaration as recorded in The Yuanshi in 1370: "[Temüjin] raised his hands and looking up at Heaven swore, saying "If I am able to achieve my 'Great Work', I shall [always] share with you men the sweet and the bitter. If I break this word, may I be like the water of the River, drunk up by others." Among officers and men there was none who was not moved to tears. The oath-takers of Baljuna were a very heterogeneous group—men from nine different tribes who included Christians, Muslims, and Buddhists, united only by loyalty to Temüjin and to each other. This is something that Temujin would maintain for his entire life. The khanate was a shockingly diverse and multicultural place. Genghis Khan was well known, by friends and enemies alike, for being a culturally and religiously tolerant man. All people needed was to be loyal to him. This doesn't mean that Temujin was not a religious man. He worshipped the ancient Turkic deity Tengri, God of the Heavens and the Sky. Tengrism is an interesting religion that has elements of poly and pantheism in it. Part of Genghis Khan's reason for conquest was his belief that it was the destiny that Tengri had laid out for him, but more on that later. After the Baljuna Covenant there followed a few years of war where Temujin and his allies defeated Torghul and eventually Temujin's childhood friend Jamukha. The Secret histories indicate that, despite his many betrayals Jamukha was executed honorably, though other sources indicate that he was dismembered until he finally died. And so it was, that in 1206 Temujin became the sole ruler of the steppes. He proceeded to call a kuraltai, a gathering of the tribal chiefs and took for himself the name Genghis Khan and was named the Khaqan, the Khan of Khans over all of the Mongol tribes. Now, Genghis Khan knew something that all the men he had defeated in his rise to power didn't. He knew why no tribal confederacies before had succeeded. It wasn't because of any personal failing on the parts of the men in charge, it was because of the very structure of their society. The Mongol tribes were too, well, tribal. They felt their loyalty belonged to their specific family of clan and not to a larger idea of an empire or nation.  Luckily for Genghis though, he'd already killed most of the traditional tribal leaders and chieftains, so he was able to reshape his society, like wet clay, into what he wanted it to be. So he set out to create a highly militarized society and meritocracy where loyalty to the nation, to the khan, and your own ability would decide how far you could rise. Every single man in the empire between the ages of 15 and 70 was in the army and was organized into large 1000 men segments that were further broken down into 10 blocks of 100 that were broken down into 10 units of 10. Any captured troops who were to be folded into the Khan's army were sent, each one, to different units so they couldn't organize and rebel against him. Between 1206 and 1210 Genghis consolidated his hold on power over the steppes. It was during this time that the Tangut led Western Xia kingdom fell under Mongol control. The siege of the capital Zhongxing while ultimately successful, was not one of the Khan's greatest moments. His armies, while vast, lacked any true siege equipment save for some crude battering rams and their attempt to flood the city by diverting the Yellow River failed and wound up flooding their own camp. Still, in the end Emperor Zhangzong surrendered to the Khan and agreed to pay tribute in exchange for the Mongols withdrawing. And now Genghis would turn his attention to the Jin Dynasty Wanyan Yongji, a man who had previously served with Genghis back when he worked for the Jin, and who Genghis hated. usurped the Jin throne in 1209. When Genghis was asked to submit and pay the annual tribute to Yongji in 1210, Genghis instead mocked the emperor, spat, and rode away from the Jin envoy—a challenge that meant war. Despite being outnumbered 8 to 1 by the 600,000 strong Jin army, Genghis decided to invade. He made his way easily across the border and immediately began a scorched earth campaign. Anything they couldn't carry with them would be burnt. If they couldn't have the supplies, they'd make sure that the Jin couldn't have them.  The conquest of the Jin took 4 years and during that time the army of Genghis Khan grew, both in size and ability. After the failed siege of Xijing Genghis decided it was time to build a troops of siege engineers and proceeded to recruit some 500 of them from the Jin over the next 2 years.  This trait is what would make the Khan and his armies so fearsome and successful. Well this and their willingness to be utterly ruthless and brutal when they felt they had to. But this flexibility, this humility to look at their methods and say “this isn't working, let's try something new” would allow them to defeat forces they, frankly, shouldn't have been able to. Genghis used his past successes and the stories about him that spread ahead of his armies enhance his reputation and then he wielded it like a club to smash through resistance. Take the siege of the Jin capital of Zhongdu. Yongji had been killed and the government was in shambles, but still Genghis had no way to breach Zongdu's walls. His army was able to do nothing except camp before the city walls and wait as disease and starvation ravaged his armies. Some sources even allege that they turned to cannibalism to survive during this siege. Yet, despite this Genghis still called for peace negotiations with the Jin. Negotiations that were successful. Genghis secured the Jin empire as well as a tribute of 3,000 horses, 500 slaves, a Jin princess, and massive amounts of gold and silk. As we stated earlier, of all the things Genghis Khan is known for, one of the most notable and oft repeated is his brutality to his enemies. Nowhere are the more stories about this than in his treatment of the Khwarazmian Empire, a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire. The khans armies there were under the command of his youngest son Tolui. Over the course of the conquest three major sieges of note took place at Nishapur, Merv, and Herat. Contemporary Persian historians put the death toll of this campaign at 5.7 million people, though more modern historians estimate and much lesser death toll of 1.25. One story says, that after the death of one of Genghis's step sons Toquchar, that the entire city was order slaughtered. Some stories say that all 1,748,000 people living in Nishapur were killed within an hour.  Genghis Khan would die in 1227. He had fallen off his horse in the winter of 1226 and became more and more ill as time went on, eventually passing on August 25, 1227. The exact nature of the khan's death has been the subject of intense speculation. Rashid al-Din and the History of Yuan mention he suffered from an illness—possibly malaria, typhus, or bubonic plague. Marco Polo claimed that he was shot by an arrow during a siege, while Carpini reported that Genghis was struck by lightning. Legends sprang up around the event—the most famous recounts how the beautiful Gurbelchin, formerly the Xia emperor's wife, injured Genghis's genitals with a dagger during sex. Following Genghis Khan's death the capital city of the Xia Kingdom, Zhongxing was put to the sword and almost the entire population of the city was killed. There are many stories of the Khan's brutality, and of the brutality of his descendants. One story from later in the Mongol Empire has the plague entering Europe during the Siege of Caffa when the Mongol troops launched diseased bodies over the walls in an early form of biological warfare. We also have stories of Mongol armies marching civilians in front of their armies to act as human shields. Over the entire course of the Mongol Empire, from 1206 until about 1400 it is estimated that their armies killed between 30 and 50 million people. Based on Antarctic ice cores, scientists have identified a sudden decrease in atmospheric carbon of about three parts per million (ppm) between 1200 and 1470 CE, which roughly correlates with the Mongol invasion of Asia as well as the Black Death in Europe. So it is very possible that Genghis Khan, his descendant's and armies killed enough people to cool down the entire planet. Still, slaughter and mayhem are not all Genghis was known for. He was largely responsible for the existence and prosperity of the Silk Road, he is, at least partially responsible for the existence of written Mongolian languages, which were based on the Uyghur script, he helped lay the foundation of the legal system known as the Great Yasa. The legacy of Genghis Khan is a complex one. One the one hand we have plenty of stories of him boiling his enemies alive, of his armies creating mountains of thousands of skulls, of human shields. But as we study more and more of the legacy and life of Genghis Khan we are more and more convinced that those stories are fear based myths from the people's he conquered, because it is also often noted that Genghis Khan abolished the use of torture thoroughout his Empire. He was religiously tolerant, he outlawed slavery, he created one of the first international postal systems. Also, about .5 percent of the population is directly related to him. So what do we really know about the life of Genghis Khan, especially considering that no eyewitness description or contemporaneous depiction of Genghis Khan survives. We don't really know anything. Not where or when he was born, not where he was buried, not what he looked like, nor even, really, what his conduct was in war. So did he even really exist? Yes, there's no debate on that. There ARE plenty of contemporary sources from Mongolian, Chinese, and Persian sources discussing Genghis Khan and his verifiable existence. But beyond saying that he lived? Most everything else is propaganda from one source or another. We can still find truth in propaganda though. All we have to do is find the things that multiple, independent sources agree on and we can reasonably assume that to be the truth. So, Genghis Khan existed, and he definitely killed a lot of people in his quest for power and wealth. The details though? Those are a bit fuzzier. That's it for this week folks. No new reviews, so let's get right into the outro. Have a Day! w/ The History Wizard is brought to you by me, The History Wizard. If you want to see/hear more of me you can find me on Tiktok @thehistorywizard or on Instagram @the_history_wizard. Please remember to rate, review, and subscribe to Have a Day! On your pod catcher of choice. The more you do, the more people will be able to listen and learn along with you. Thank you  for sticking around until the end and, as always, Have a Day.  

Sierra Katow joins The Steebee Weebee Show for the 2nd time!!! We talk about: Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire and his reign over Turkic tribes and southern Siberia, her newest comedy special: FUNT-put out by Comedy Dynamics, Panty Vending Machines in Japan, how she crafted and prepared for her special, Lucy Kang: the #1 female Asian comedian "joke thief", crowd work reels on social media, dealing with a "Heckler" who throws a Ziploc bag filled with feces onto the stage, using the internet to progress one's career, and much much more. Go this week to: www.youtube.com/steebeeweebee to watch. More Sierra:   https://www.instagram.com/sierrakatow ** Now on iTunes:  https://goo.gl/CdSwyV ** Subscribe: https://goo.gl/d239PO Little Ray promises a Karma Boost if you join our Patreon: https://goo.gl/aiOi7J Or, click here for a one time Karma Boost. https://www.paypal.me/steebeeweebeeshow/2 More Steven: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/quangou Bandcamp: https://steebeeweebee.bandcamp.com/ Itunes: https://goo.gl/PSooa0 Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/steebeeweebee Send stuff to: 1425 N. Cherokee Ave P.O. Box 1391 Los Angeles, CA 90093 

William traveled to the court of the Great Khan of the Mongols, and wrote about his experiences in a report for Louis IX that is widely regarded as one of the finest examples of medieval travel ...

The Mongol Empire that rose in the early 13th century was fractured and in crisis by the mid-14th. But then a new warlord arose who sought to rebuild what had once been the most powerful empire in the world.  Operating in Genghis Khan's shadow, Tamerlane deliberately drew parallels between himself and his great precursor. And as a Muslim, Tamerlane waged wars as jihad and had a more powerful impact than those of any Muslim Mongol ruler before him.In this episode of Gone Medieval, Matt Lewis uncovers the full story with Professor Peter Jackson, author of From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane: The reawakening of Mongol Asia.This episode was produced by Rob Weinberg.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Get a subscription for £1 per month for 3 months with code MEDIEVAL - sign up here.You can take part in our listener survey here.

At the height of the Mongol Empire, Kublai Khan set his sights on the island of Japan. He launched two enormous invasions of that nation in 1274 and 1281 - but both of them were defeated, aided by sudden and disastrous storms that tore his fleets apart. The story of these kamikaze, or 'Divine Winds', would become legend in Japan, and inspire the name of the Japanese pilots that launched attacks on Allied forces in the closing months of World War Two.For the third and final episode in our series on the kamikaze, Dan is joined again by Christopher Harding, a cultural historian of India and Japan and author of 'The Light of Asia'. They talk about these gigantic invasions, the samurai that faced them, and the storms that turned the tide in favour of feudal Japan.Produced by James Hickmann and edited by Anisha Deva.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Get a subscription for £1 per month for 3 months with code DANSNOW sign up at https://historyhit/subscription/We'd love to hear from you- what do you want to hear an episode on? You can email the podcast at ds.hh@historyhit.com.You can take part in our listener survey here.

The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, who dubbed himself the 'wrath of God', became the 2nd largest empire in human history.But how did tribal steppe warriors conquer much of the then known world... and what were the secrets of their vast intelligence network?*Correction - "Nomadic Herders" was meant when referencing the Mongol tribes of the time, not "Hunter Gatherers" Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Börte came from a powerful nomadic tribe and in many ways her marriage to Genghis Khan set him up to become the great conqueror we know. They married young and when they were twenty, he brought his new bride back to his camp. But their newlywed life was turned upside down when Börte was kidnapped. He formed important alliances to retrieve her and seek revenge. Once reunited, Börte became a key advisor to her husband as he laid the foundation of the Mongol Empire, establishing a dynasty that lasted for centuries. Listen as Anita and William are joined by Marie Favereau to discuss the life of Börte. **Empire Live** Empire live show tickets are ON SALE TODAY from 9am UK time!! Join Anita and William at the London Barbican 8 July 2024! Buy your tickets here or here. Twitter: @Empirepoduk Email: empirepoduk@gmail.com Goalhangerpodcasts.com Assistant Producer: Anouska Lewis Producer: Callum Hill Exec Producer: Neil Fearn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode Kelsie and Brooke discuss the succession of the Mongol Empire, and the changes within the empire related to the treatment of women and Toregene Khatun, the first woman to rule as regent for her son. Learn more about it on our website: ⁠https://www.remedialherstory.com/15-1200-1400-mongols.html#/⁠ Get ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠FREE Learning Materials⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.remedialherstory.com/learn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Support the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Remedial Herstory Project⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.remedialherstory.com/giving⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ SHOP ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Remedial Herstory Gear⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.remedialherstory.com/store --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/remedialherstory/support

Multi-talented monk Andrew of Longjumeau embarked on a daring journey to the heart of the Mongol Empire on 16th February, 1249. As Ambassador of Louis IX, he led a delegation destined for the court of the Mongol Khan Güyük - who had, awkwardly, died before he got there. Although not the first European envoy to the East, Andrew's mission was part of a broader effort to navigate alliances amidst the Crusades. Undeterred, his later adventures in Constantinople included the retrieval of the relic believed to be Christ's Crown of Thorns. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly pause to admire the succinct literary skills of the Regent Mother, Ogul-Gaimish Khan; explain why Andrew had little choice but to put a positive spin on his unwelcome discoveries; and discover why Louis's mates David and Mark have a LOT to answer for…  #Medieval #Christian #Explorer Further Reading: • ‘The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries - by Harry W. Hazard, Kenneth Meyer Setton (University of Wisconsin Press, 1975): https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Fourteenth_and_Fifteenth_Centuries.html?id=J6v9jhUd-r8C • ‘Andrew Of Lonjumel | Diplomatic Negotiator, Treaty Maker & Statesman' (Britannica): https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-of-Lonjumel • ‘The rise and fall of the Mongol Empire - Anne F. Broadbridge' (TedEx, 2019): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUVvTqvjUaM We'll be back on Monday - unless you join

After conquering much of Eurasia, Timur showed no interest in building institutions and so after his death, like the Mongol Empire before it, the Timurid Empire soon fragmented and collapsed. However, some of Timur's grandchildren took over parts of the Empire and ushered in eras of cultural advancement that matched that of the renaissance in Italy. Under the tutelage of Ulugh Begh, great developments in maths and science were made in Samarkand. Under the watch of Shah Rukh, beautiful artistic endeavours were undertaken in Herat. Some of the greatest artists of the Islamic world, such as Bihzad, came from this period. Listen as William and Anita discuss one of the golden ages of Persian culture. For bonus episodes, ad-free listening, reading lists, book discounts, a weekly newsletter, and a chat community. Sign up at https://empirepod.supportingcast.fm/ Twitter: @Empirepoduk Email: empirepoduk@gmail.com Goalhangerpodcasts.com Producer: Callum Hill Exec Producer: Neil Fearn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

“Back in my day…” is a phrase we are staring to hear more and more as the advancement of society continues to move forward at breakneck speed.  Hearing stories of the “old days” when times were more simple and stresses were different, brings many folks back to the friendly days of childhood.  The phrase “times were different then” seem to be a common mask nowadays for culturally inappropriate behavior, racism, sexism, and anything else that was cool then, but is frowned upon these days.  When talking about the subject of this show, there is pretty much no way to even get through the discussion without the overarching phrase “times were different then” looming overhead.  Genghis Khan was the head of one of the largest empires in human history, stretching from eastern China to central Europe, and the way he governed and overtook those in his way, carved out his place in history and most likely Hell.  Brutal murders, savage overtaking, mass expansion and spreading his seed was the formula for Genghis, and his success has literally been the subject of books, movies, and the study of war.  How brutal was he really? Did the folks in his way have an option, or were they just destined to either be knocked up or knocked out?  We'll dive into these questions and more in the Genghis Khan episode of AHC Podcast.     Intro Music Credit: "yangkaiji - Emperor's Battle" is under a Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) license.  / yangkaiji  Music promoted by BreakingCopyright:

Sorghaghtani Beki (c. 1190-1252) was one of the most powerful people in the Mongol Empire. Daughter-in-law to Genghis Khan, she used unique forms of diplomacy to cement her place in Mongol society and create a path forward for all four of her sons to become Khans in their own right. Her reforms, passed on through her children, gave stability and prosperity to the Mongol Empire at a crucial moment. For Further Reading: The Secret History of the Mongol Queens 2 Regents and Empresses: Women's Rule in the Mongol's Empire Sorghaghtani Beki and the Influence of Mongol Noblewomen on Succession This month, we're pulling back the curtain to reveal women overlooked in their own lifetimes or in our historical accounts of the eras in which they lived. We're talking about the activists, thinkers, leaders, artists, and innovators history has forgotten. History classes can get a bad rap, and sometimes for good reason. When we were students, we couldn't help wondering... where were all the ladies at? Why were so many incredible stories missing from the typical curriculum? Enter, Womanica. On this Wonder Media Network podcast we explore the lives of inspiring women in history you may not know about, but definitely should. Every weekday, listeners explore the trials, tragedies, and triumphs of groundbreaking women throughout history who have dramatically shaped the world around us. In each 5 minute episode, we'll dive into the story behind one woman listeners may or may not know–but definitely should. These diverse women from across space and time are grouped into easily accessible and engaging monthly themes like Educators, Villains, Indigenous Storytellers, Activists, and many more.  Womanica is hosted by WMN co-founder and award-winning journalist Jenny Kaplan. The bite-sized episodes pack painstakingly researched content into fun, entertaining, and addictive daily adventures.  Womanica was created by Liz Kaplan and Jenny Kaplan, executive produced by Jenny Kaplan, and produced by Grace Lynch, Maddy Foley, Brittany Martinez, Edie Allard, Lindsey Kratochwill, Adesuwa Agbonile, Carmen Borca-Carrillo, Taylor Williamson, Sara Schleede, Paloma Moreno Jimenez, and Abbey Delk. Special thanks to Shira Atkins. Original theme music composed by Miles Moran. Follow Wonder Media Network: Website Instagram Twitter See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

To wrap up Unearthed! for spring 2023, we've got potpourri, jewelry and adornments, edibles and potables, mistaken identity stories, repatriations, and the always popular shipwrecks. Research: Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible' Roman bathers' gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian's Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516 Amundsen, Bard. “World's oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science Norway. 1/17/2023. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-language-runes/worlds-oldest-rune-stone-found-in-norway-archaeologists-believe/2141404 1/12/2023. “Archaeology: 4,500-year-old ostrich eggs found in Israel.” https://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/culture/2023/01/12/archaeology-4500-year-old-ostrich-eggs-found-in-israel_899fa202-941d-4520-8be4-28397c1d89fc.html ArtNet News. “Art Industry News: The Met Will Repatriate 15 Sculptures Linked to Disgraced Dealer Subhash Kapoor + Other Stories.” 3/31/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-industry-news-march-31-2023-2278598 ArtNet News. “Researchers in Vietnam Discovered That Two Deer Antlers Languishing in Museum Storage Are Actually 2,000-Year-Old Musical Instruments.” 2/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/deer-antler-long-an-museum-storage-earliest-known-stringed-instruments-2261298 Bacon, B., Khatiri, A., Palmer, J., Freeth, T., Pettitt, P., & Kentridge, R. (2023). An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000415 BBC News. “Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery.” 1/5/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64162799 BBC News. “Oldest tartan found to date back to 16th Century.” 3/26/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-65081312 “Comb made from human skull found among A14 artefacts.” 2/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-64797376 “Mary Queen of Scots: Secret letters written during imprisonment decoded.” 2/8/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-64568222 Begg, Tristin James Alexander et al. “Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven.” Current Biology. 3/22/2023. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)00181-1 Berger, Michele W. “At a southern Iraq site, unearthing the archaeological passing of time.” Penn Today. 1/23/2023. https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/lagash-southern-iraq-site-unearthing-archaeological-passing-time Bernardi, Dan. “In “an international act of diplomacy,” Syracuse University alumnus Brennen Ferguson '19 helps repatriate ceremonial Native American items from a museum in Geneva, Switzerland..” Syracuse 3/10/2023. https://thecollege.syr.edu/news-all/news-2023/sacred-indigenous-objects-find-their-way-home/ Brooks, James. “Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure.” Associated Press. 3/8/2023. https://apnews.com/article/gold-god-odin-norse-denmark-buried-ca2959e460f7af301a19083b6eec7df4 Burakoff, Maddie. “What made Beethoven sick? DNA from his hair offers clues.” Associated Press. 3/22/2023. https://apnews.com/article/beethoven-dna-hair-deaf-liver-d2d8c50fdd951eb5f5b9fdae00f795a3 Cascone, Sarah. “Ancient Stone Tools Once Thought to be Made by Humans Were Actually Crafted by Monkeys, Say Archaeologists.” ArtNet. 1/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-tools-monkeys-2237820 CBS Baltimore Staff. “Maryland archaeologists find West African spirit cache at Harriet Tubman's birthplace.” 2/14/2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/harriet-tubman-west-african-spirit-cache-found-dorchester-county-maryland/ Correa-Lau J, Agüero C, Splitstoser J, Echenique E, Martens T, Santoro CM (2023) Inka Unku: Imperial or provincial? State-local relations. PLoS ONE 18(2): e0280511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280511 Davies, Caroline. “‘Remarkable': Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship.” The Guardian. 1/27/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/27/remarkable-eastbourne-shipwreck-identified-as-17th-century-dutch-warship De Cupere, Bea. “Newly discovered crocodile mummies of variable quality from an undisturbed tomb at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt).” PLOS One. 1/18/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279137#sec024 Dedovic, Yaz. “Mysterious new behavior seen in whales may be recorded in ancient manuscripts.” EurekAlert. 2/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980816 Devlin, Hannah. “Discovery of 3m-year-old stone tools sparks prehistoric whodunnit.” The Guardian. 2/9/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/09/discovery-ancient-stone-tools-prehistoric-mystery-whodunnit Dijkstra, Mischa. “‘Golden boy' mummy was protected by 49 precious amulets, CT scans reveal.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977129 Duncan-Pitt, Lindsey. “It's not a Roman dildo, it's a drop spindle.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/26/its-not-a-roman-dildo-its-a-drop-spindle El-Aref , Nevine. “Ancient Egypt's Ramses II temple reveals animal mummy menagerie.” AhramOnline. 3/25/2023. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/492386.aspx Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 2,000-Year-Old Gemstones in Drain Beneath a Roman Bathhouse.” Smithsonian. 2/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-gems-over-2000-years-old-found-in-roman-baths-180981566/ Feldman, Ella. “French Museum Will Return ‘Talking Drum' to Ivory Coast.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/french-museum-returns-talking-drum-to-ivory-coast-180981577/ Field Museum. “Authentic 3,000-Year-Old Bronze Age sword put on display at Field Museum.” 1/16/2023. https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/press/authentic-3-000-year-old-bronze-age-sword-put-on-display-at-field-museum Gammelby, Peter. “New research uncovers the "water" mystery of the first large city in southern Africa.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977674 Handwerk, Brian. “This Man Underwent Brain Surgery 3,500 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/in-roughly-1500-bce-this-middle-eastern-man-underwent-brain-surgery-180981679/ Henton, Lesley. “Texas A&M-led research team identifies oldest bone spear point In the Americas.” Texas A&M University via EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978632 Hirsch, Arthur. “How the $75,000 Whaling Museum thefts went down.” New Bedford Light. 2/21/2023. https://newbedfordlight.org/how-the-75000-whaling-museum-thefts-went-down/ Kuta, Sarah. “5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq.” Smithsonian. 1/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/5000-year-old-tavern-discovered-in-iraq-180981564/ Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth 3,000-Year-Old Wishing Well in Germany.” Smithsonian. 1/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-3000-year-old-wishing-well-in-germany-180981428/ Kuta, Sarah. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html Kuta, Sarah. “Is This Wooden Artifact an Ancient Roman Phallus?” Smithsonian. 2/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-was-this-2000-year-old-phallus-used-for-180981693/ Kuta, Sarah. “Neanderthals Hunted and Butchered Massive Elephants 125,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-hunted-and-butchered-massive-elephants-125000-years-ago-180981578/ Kuta, Sarah. “Neutron Imaging Reveals Tiny Bones Inside 800-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian. 1/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neutrons-help-scientists-see-inside-800-year-old-pendant-and-find-tiny-bones-180981444/ Larson, Shannon. “‘It gives me chills': Messages found in bottle on Cape Cod may have been left by World War II POWs.” Boston Globe. 2/1/2023. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/02/01/nation/it-gives-me-chills-messages-found-bottle-cape-cod-may-have-been-world-war-ii-pows/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Dispelling Rumors, Greece Has Rejected the British Museum's Offer to Return the Parthenon Marbles as a Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 1/11/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/greece-rejects-british-museum-loan-deal-parthenon-marbles-2241261 net. “Heart-shaped pendant discovered in England.” 2/2023. https://www.medievalists.net/2023/02/heart-shaped-pendant-discovered-in-england/ Metcalfe, Tom. “Bronze Age ice skates with bone blades discovered in China.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/bronze-age-ice-skates-with-bone-blades-discovered-in-china Metcalfe, Tom. “Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did.” LiveScience. 2/25/2023. https://www.livescience.com/painful-cross-shaped-incision-in-medieval-womans-skull-didnt-kill-her-but-second-surgery-did “Milk residue found at ancient site on Tibetan Plateau.” China Daily. 2/14/2023. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/14/WS63eade74a31057c47ebae956.html Morris, Steven. “‘3D medieval puzzle': Newport ship to be reassembled from 2,500 pieces of timber.” The Guardian. 1/19/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/19/3d-medieval-puzzle-newport-ship-reassembled-2500-pieces-timber Niazi, Asaad and Tony Gamal-Gabriel. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html Nowakowski, Teresa. “Neanderthals Dined on Crab 90,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-dined-on-crab-90000-years-ago-180981604/ Oltermann, Philip. “‘Blind chance' or plot? Exhumation may help solve puzzle of 1933 Reichstag blaze.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/26/blind-chance-or-plot-exhumation-may-help-solve-puzzle-of-1933-reichstag-blaze Orie, Amarachi. “World's oldest dated runestone discovered in Norway -- with a mysterious inscription.” CNN. 1/18/2023. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/worlds-oldest-runestone-norway-intl-scli-scn/index.html Osborne, Margaret. “Ancient DNA Confirms the Origin Story of the Swahili People.” Smithsonian. 3/31/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-confirms-the-origin-story-of-the-swahili-people-180981909/ Parker, Christopher. “129-Year-Old Vessel Still Tethered to Lifeboat Found on Floor of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 3/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ironton-shipwreck-lake-huron-180981741/ “Looted ancient sarcophagus returned to Egypt from US.” 1/2/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-looted-ancient-sarcophagus-egypt.html Public Library of Science. “Mummified crocodiles provide insights into mummy-making over time.” Phys.org. 1/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-mummified-crocodiles-insights-mummy-making.html Schmall, Emily. “Stripping Confederate Ties, the U.S. Navy Renames Two Vessels.” New York Times. 3/11/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/us/navy-ship-confederate-robert-smalls.html Shaw, Garry. “'Where the swords met bone': Archaeological evidence found of Ancient Egyptian rebellion mentioned on the Rosetta Stone.” The Art Newspaper. 1/27/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/01/27/where-the-swords-met-bone-archaeological-evidence-found-of-ancient-egyptian-rebellion-mentioned-on-the-rosetta-stone Sherburne, Morgan. “Yak milk consumption among Mongol Empire elites.” Michigan News. 3/31/2023. https://news.umich.edu/yak-milk-consumption-among-mongol-empire-elites/ Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy. “Luxury fabrics from 1,300 years ago apparently from China, India and Sudan found in Arava.” The Jerusalem Post via MSN. 1/18/2023. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/luxury-fabrics-from-1300-years-ago-apparently-from-china-india-and-sudan-found-in-arava/ar-AA16uFqX Sivaraman, R. “New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art to return 15 sculptures to India.” The Hindu. 3/31/2023. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/us-museum-to-return-15-antique-sculptures-linked-to-subash-kapoor/article66683728.ece “National Museum of Asian Art Announces Historic Partnership With Republic of Yemen Government as U.S. Government Repatriates 77 Cultural Objects to Yemen.” 2/21/2023. https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/national-museum-asian-art-announces-historic-partnership-republic-yemen-government The History Blog. “Medieval chess set DNA tested.” 3/26/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66860 The History Blog. “Replica” sword is authentic Bronze Age artifact.” 1/21/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66223 The History Blog. “Scotland's oldest tartan found in Highlands bog.” 3/31/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66890 “The King's Mirror - Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61264/61264-h/61264-h.htm Topping, Alexandra. “‘He did not want this': one man's two-decade quest to let the ‘Irish Giant' rest in peace.” The Guardian. 1/14/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/14/he-did-not-want-this-one-mans-two-decade-quest-to-let-the-irish-giant-rest-in-peace University at Albany. “New poem by famed early American poet Phillis Wheatley discovered.” Phys.org. 1/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-poem-famed-early-american-poet.html University of South Florida. “A researcher's life's work uncovers first ancient DNA from Swahili civilization.” PhysOrg. 3/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-03-life-uncovers-ancient-dna-swahili.html University of York. "Neolithic ceramics reveal dairy processing from milk of multiple species." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 March 2023. sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230314205400.htm Voigt, Kathrin. “Neanderthals hunted elephants: Earliest evidence found of humans killing elephants for food.” EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978530 “1,300-year-old rice residue found at Tibetan ancient site.” 3/14/2023. https://english.news.cn/20230314/e547b3ff93c5458b8e9413ee389f3ac8/c.html Yirka, Bob. “Trove of spices from around the world found on sunken fifteenth-century Norse ship.” Phys.org. 2/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-trove-spices-world-sunken-fifteenth-century.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first part of our spring 2023 edition of Unearthed! features updates, books and letters, fabric, mummies, and a whole bunch of stuff involving skulls or bones. Research:  Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible' Roman bathers' gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian's Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516 Amundsen, Bard. “World's oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science Norway. 1/17/2023. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-language-runes/worlds-oldest-rune-stone-found-in-norway-archaeologists-believe/2141404 1/12/2023. “Archaeology: 4,500-year-old ostrich eggs found in Israel.” https://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/culture/2023/01/12/archaeology-4500-year-old-ostrich-eggs-found-in-israel_899fa202-941d-4520-8be4-28397c1d89fc.html ArtNet News. “Art Industry News: The Met Will Repatriate 15 Sculptures Linked to Disgraced Dealer Subhash Kapoor + Other Stories.” 3/31/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-industry-news-march-31-2023-2278598 ArtNet News. “Researchers in Vietnam Discovered That Two Deer Antlers Languishing in Museum Storage Are Actually 2,000-Year-Old Musical Instruments.” 2/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/deer-antler-long-an-museum-storage-earliest-known-stringed-instruments-2261298 Bacon, B., Khatiri, A., Palmer, J., Freeth, T., Pettitt, P., & Kentridge, R. (2023). An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000415 BBC News. “Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery.” 1/5/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64162799 BBC News. “Oldest tartan found to date back to 16th Century.” 3/26/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-65081312 “Comb made from human skull found among A14 artefacts.” 2/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-64797376 “Mary Queen of Scots: Secret letters written during imprisonment decoded.” 2/8/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-64568222 Begg, Tristin James Alexander et al. “Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven.” Current Biology. 3/22/2023. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)00181-1 Berger, Michele W. “At a southern Iraq site, unearthing the archaeological passing of time.” Penn Today. 1/23/2023. https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/lagash-southern-iraq-site-unearthing-archaeological-passing-time Bernardi, Dan. “In “an international act of diplomacy,” Syracuse University alumnus Brennen Ferguson '19 helps repatriate ceremonial Native American items from a museum in Geneva, Switzerland..” Syracuse 3/10/2023. https://thecollege.syr.edu/news-all/news-2023/sacred-indigenous-objects-find-their-way-home/ Brooks, James. “Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure.” Associated Press. 3/8/2023. https://apnews.com/article/gold-god-odin-norse-denmark-buried-ca2959e460f7af301a19083b6eec7df4 Burakoff, Maddie. “What made Beethoven sick? DNA from his hair offers clues.” Associated Press. 3/22/2023. https://apnews.com/article/beethoven-dna-hair-deaf-liver-d2d8c50fdd951eb5f5b9fdae00f795a3 Cascone, Sarah. “Ancient Stone Tools Once Thought to be Made by Humans Were Actually Crafted by Monkeys, Say Archaeologists.” ArtNet. 1/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-tools-monkeys-2237820 CBS Baltimore Staff. “Maryland archaeologists find West African spirit cache at Harriet Tubman's birthplace.” 2/14/2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/harriet-tubman-west-african-spirit-cache-found-dorchester-county-maryland/ Correa-Lau J, Agüero C, Splitstoser J, Echenique E, Martens T, Santoro CM (2023) Inka Unku: Imperial or provincial? State-local relations. PLoS ONE 18(2): e0280511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280511 Davies, Caroline. “‘Remarkable': Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship.” The Guardian. 1/27/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/27/remarkable-eastbourne-shipwreck-identified-as-17th-century-dutch-warship De Cupere, Bea. “Newly discovered crocodile mummies of variable quality from an undisturbed tomb at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt).” PLOS One. 1/18/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279137#sec024 Dedovic, Yaz. “Mysterious new behavior seen in whales may be recorded in ancient manuscripts.” EurekAlert. 2/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980816 Devlin, Hannah. “Discovery of 3m-year-old stone tools sparks prehistoric whodunnit.” The Guardian. 2/9/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/09/discovery-ancient-stone-tools-prehistoric-mystery-whodunnit Dijkstra, Mischa. “‘Golden boy' mummy was protected by 49 precious amulets, CT scans reveal.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977129 Duncan-Pitt, Lindsey. “It's not a Roman dildo, it's a drop spindle.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/26/its-not-a-roman-dildo-its-a-drop-spindle El-Aref , Nevine. “Ancient Egypt's Ramses II temple reveals animal mummy menagerie.” AhramOnline. 3/25/2023. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/492386.aspx Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 2,000-Year-Old Gemstones in Drain Beneath a Roman Bathhouse.” Smithsonian. 2/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-gems-over-2000-years-old-found-in-roman-baths-180981566/ Feldman, Ella. “French Museum Will Return ‘Talking Drum' to Ivory Coast.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/french-museum-returns-talking-drum-to-ivory-coast-180981577/ Field Museum. “Authentic 3,000-Year-Old Bronze Age sword put on display at Field Museum.” 1/16/2023. https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/press/authentic-3-000-year-old-bronze-age-sword-put-on-display-at-field-museum Gammelby, Peter. “New research uncovers the "water" mystery of the first large city in southern Africa.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977674 Handwerk, Brian. “This Man Underwent Brain Surgery 3,500 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/in-roughly-1500-bce-this-middle-eastern-man-underwent-brain-surgery-180981679/ Henton, Lesley. “Texas A&M-led research team identifies oldest bone spear point In the Americas.” Texas A&M University via EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978632 Hirsch, Arthur. “How the $75,000 Whaling Museum thefts went down.” New Bedford Light. 2/21/2023. https://newbedfordlight.org/how-the-75000-whaling-museum-thefts-went-down/ Kuta, Sarah. “5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq.” Smithsonian. 1/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/5000-year-old-tavern-discovered-in-iraq-180981564/ Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth 3,000-Year-Old Wishing Well in Germany.” Smithsonian. 1/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-3000-year-old-wishing-well-in-germany-180981428/ Kuta, Sarah. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html Kuta, Sarah. “Is This Wooden Artifact an Ancient Roman Phallus?” Smithsonian. 2/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-was-this-2000-year-old-phallus-used-for-180981693/ Kuta, Sarah. “Neanderthals Hunted and Butchered Massive Elephants 125,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-hunted-and-butchered-massive-elephants-125000-years-ago-180981578/ Kuta, Sarah. “Neutron Imaging Reveals Tiny Bones Inside 800-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian. 1/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neutrons-help-scientists-see-inside-800-year-old-pendant-and-find-tiny-bones-180981444/ Larson, Shannon. “‘It gives me chills': Messages found in bottle on Cape Cod may have been left by World War II POWs.” Boston Globe. 2/1/2023. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/02/01/nation/it-gives-me-chills-messages-found-bottle-cape-cod-may-have-been-world-war-ii-pows/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Dispelling Rumors, Greece Has Rejected the British Museum's Offer to Return the Parthenon Marbles as a Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 1/11/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/greece-rejects-british-museum-loan-deal-parthenon-marbles-2241261 net. “Heart-shaped pendant discovered in England.” 2/2023. https://www.medievalists.net/2023/02/heart-shaped-pendant-discovered-in-england/ Metcalfe, Tom. “Bronze Age ice skates with bone blades discovered in China.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/bronze-age-ice-skates-with-bone-blades-discovered-in-china Metcalfe, Tom. “Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did.” LiveScience. 2/25/2023. https://www.livescience.com/painful-cross-shaped-incision-in-medieval-womans-skull-didnt-kill-her-but-second-surgery-did “Milk residue found at ancient site on Tibetan Plateau.” China Daily. 2/14/2023. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/14/WS63eade74a31057c47ebae956.html Morris, Steven. “‘3D medieval puzzle': Newport ship to be reassembled from 2,500 pieces of timber.” The Guardian. 1/19/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/19/3d-medieval-puzzle-newport-ship-reassembled-2500-pieces-timber Niazi, Asaad and Tony Gamal-Gabriel. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html Nowakowski, Teresa. “Neanderthals Dined on Crab 90,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-dined-on-crab-90000-years-ago-180981604/ Oltermann, Philip. “‘Blind chance' or plot? 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