Podcast appearances and mentions of James M Cox

We celebrate the life of Dr. James M. Cox. The Passing of Dr. James M. Cox Contributing Doctors: Dr. Madelynne Galatic, Dr. Michael Karafa, Dr. Bryce Milam, Dr. Ted Siciliano, Dr. Ricardo Rivas, Dr. Amanda Harris, Dr. Doug Pettit, Dr. John McGinnis, Dr. Dan Spencer, Dr. Lloyd Reddington, Dr. Sarah Bracamontes, Dr. Mark Korchok, Dr. Elra Morgan, Dr. Leisa Grgula, Dr. Sunni Lomnicki, Dr. Daniel Clark, Dr. Casey Rogers, Dr. David Kulla, Dr. Amelia Pappas, Dr. Adam Propper, Dr. Joel Dixon, Dr. Keith Bartley, Dr. Kelly Brinkman, Dr. Ted Arkfeld, Dr. Kyle Pankonin, Dr. Greg Priest, Dr. Bob Funk, Dr. Eric Frank, Dr. James Proodian, Dr. John Murray, Dr. Troy McColman, Dr. Kim Lombardy, Dr. Jamie Schantz. Sponsor: The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical

On this episode of The Back Doctors Podcast, you'll get to hear from Dr. James M. Cox who is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation.  He is a remarkable doctor who has dedicated his life to finding the most effective treatment for back pain.  He presents published research on the efficacy of Cox Technic and discusses the future of Cox Technic and chiropractic. About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae Resources: Podcast video link More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical

On this episode of The Back Doctors Podcast, you'll get to hear from Dr. James M. Cox who is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation.  He is a remarkable doctor who has dedicated his life to finding the most effective treatment for back pain.  He presents published research on the effectiveness of Cox Technic in the treatment of post-surgical continued pain syndrome. About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae Resources: More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: Tronnier V. SCS als therapeutische Option beim Postnukleotomiesyndrom [SCS as a treatment option for failed back surgery syndrome]. Orthopade. 2016 Sep;45(9):738-43. German. doi: 10.1007/s00132-016-3310-5. PMID: 27530208. Clancy C, Quinn A, Wilson F. The aetiologies of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A systematic review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017;30(3):395-402. doi: 10.3233/BMR-150318. PMID: 27689601. Itz C, Huygen F, Kleef MV. A proposal for the organization of the referral of patients with chronicnon-specific low back pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016 Nov;32(11):1903-1909. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1220933. Epub 2016 Sep 4. PMID: 27499500. Gudavalli MR, Olding K, Joachim G, Cox JM. Chiropractic Distraction Spinal Manipulation on Postsurgical Continued Low Back and Radicular Pain Patients: A Retrospective Case Series. J Chiropr Med. 2016 Jun;15(2):121-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 May 25. PMID: 27330514; PMCID: PMC4913115. Aspegren DD, Burt AL. A study of postspinal surgery cases in chiropractic offices. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 1994;17:88-92. O'Shaughnessy J, Drolet M, Roy JF, Descarreaux M. Chiropractic management of patient's post-disc arthroplasty: eight case reports. Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2010;18:7  Morningstar MW, Strauchman MN. Manipulation under anesthesia for patients with failed back surgery: retrospective report of 3 cases with 1-year follow-up. Journal Chiropractic Medicine 2012;11:30-5 McMorland G, Suter E, Casha S, du Plessis SJ, Hurlbert RJ. Manipulation or microdiskectomy for sciatica? A prospective randomized clinical study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2010;33:576-84 positive results with chiropractic manipulation Estadt GM. Chiropractic/Rehabilitative management of post-surgical disc herniation: a retrospective case report. J Chiropr Med 2004;3:108–15. Cox JM. Spinal adjusting of failed low back surgery. In: Chiropractic Orthopedics Conference Proceedings. Annual symposium on Investigation of Failed Low Back Surgery; 2009 May 8-May 10; San Antonio, Texas. Published by the American College of Chiropractic Orthopedists and Southern California University of Health Sciences and Texas Council of Chiropractic Orthopedists. American College of Chiropractic Orthopedists; 2009. p. 43-112. Coulis CM, Lisi AJ. Chiropractic management of postoperative spine pain: a report of 3 cases. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 2013;12:168-75 Kruse RA, Cambron J. Chiropractic management of post-surgical lumbar spine pain: a retrospective study of 32 cases. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2011; 34:408-12 Cox JM, Feller J, Cox-Cid J. Distraction chiropractic adjusting: clinical application and outcomes of 1000 cases. Top Clin Chiropr 1996;3(3);45-59. McMorland G Suter E Casha S du Plessis SJ Hurlbert RJ. Manipulation or microdiskectomy for sciatica? A prospective randomized clinical study. Journal Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010 Oct;33(8):576-584 Albert HB, Manniche C. The efficacy of systematic active conservative treatment for patients with severe sciatica: a single-blind, randomized, clinical, controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Apr 1;37(7):531-42. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31821ace7f. PMID: 21494193. Keller RB, Atlas SJ, Singer DE, Chapin AM, Mooney NA, Patrick DL, Deyo RA. The Maine Lumbar Spine Study, Part I. Background and concepts. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Aug 1;21(15):1769-76. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199608010-00010. PMID: 8855461. Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, Koes B. Sciatica. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Apr;24(2):241-52. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.11.005. PMID: 20227645. Roncoroni C, Baillet A, Durand M, Gaudin P, Juvin R. Efficacy and tolerance of systemic steroids in sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Sep;50(9):1603-11. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker151. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PMID: 21525139.

Spine specialist, Dr. Lee Hazen shares a story of a chronic back pain patient with several comorbidities that gets 70% relief with Cox Technic. Lee Hazen, D.C. Dr. Hazen graduated Cum Laude from Cleveland Chiropractic College of Los Angeles in 1989. After a short post-ceptorship in Burbank, Ca, he was invited to become a resident in Dr. James Cox's clinic. From 1989 until 1998 he was co-director and resident in Ft. Wayne Indiana with Dr. Cox. While there, he attended and completed a 400-hour post-graduate Chiropractic Orthopedics training sponsored by National University of Health Sciences. Dr. Hazen has been serving the Murrieta-Temecula area for 15 years.  As a Cox Technic instructor for the past 25 years, he has taught many chiropractors across the country the use of the specialized decompression table, diagnosis and care of spinal disease. Currently, he is on the post-graduate faculty of National University of Health Sciences.   He is currently involved in gathering treatment outcome data for ongoing research on failed back surgery syndrome. He is continuing to publish case study reports on difficult and complex case studies that are evaluated and treated in his Temecula, CA office. Lee Hazen D.C. and TCIM is committed to helping you regain and then maintain your quality of life, devoid of spine and extremity pain. Dr. Hazen offers specific protocols for spinal pain relief that are well-researched, well-documented, repeatedly published and clinically effective: Cox Technic Flexion-Distraction and Decompression Adjusting Manipulation.  The protocols were started 48 years ago by Dr. James M. Cox in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Cox Technic protocols have evolved as clinical application demands and research studies dictate. We are proud to offer the most cutting-edge, 21st century, non-surgical decompressive spinal pain relief. Resources: Contact Dr. Hazen Discat Plus Enhanced Low Back Exercises Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical  

Tracy Wirtz, Manager of Public/Media Relations for Cox, joined Discover Lafayette to talk about Cox's participation in the Affordable Connectivity Program which can save money on eligible consumers' internet bills. In November 2021, Congress passed an infrastructure bill creating the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) which directed $14.2 billion to help low-income consumers connect to high-speed Internet. Eligible households with active internet service with Cox will receive up to $30 off their monthly bill for their internet service and equipment (or up to $75 if they live in a tribal area). A household may qualify if they have Cox Connect2Compete Internet or Lifeline Phone plus Internet. A household may also qualify if they are enrolled in other eligible government assistance programs, including: Free or reduced lunch through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)Federal Public Housing (including Section 8, Multi-family units, and Public Housing Authorities)Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)Head StartPell Grant recipient for the current academic yearTribal Programs (and proof of living on tribal lands) including:o    Any of the programs listed aboveo    Bureau of Indian Affairs General Assistanceo    Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (Tribal TANF)o    Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservationso    Tribal Head Start (for those who meet the Head Start income qualifying standard)MedicaidSupplemental Security Income (SSI)Veterans Pension & Survivors BenefitsProof income is 200% or less than federal poverty guidelines (three consecutive pay stubs or a tax return). Note: 200% of federal poverty guidelines is approximately $53,000 for a family of four. You can look up the income maximum for your household at https://www.lifelinesupport.org/do-i-qualify/federal-poverty-guidelines/ To determine if you are eligible, visit https://www.cox.com/residential/internet/affordable-connectivity-program.html You may be asked to verify your identity using your mobile phone number and your date of birth or by uploading your driver's license, state ID card, or passport. You may also need to provide documentation of income, unemployment status, or participation in one of the government assistance programs listed above. Cox is also participating in PCs for People where eligible households which do not have a computer can receive a one-time discount of $100 on refurbished laptops or desktop computers (while supplies last). Cell phones are not included in this offer as the intent is to assist people in getting a keyboard for work or school activities and reach their full potential through digital technology. Tracy joined Cox a year ago after spending more than three decades in radio and television broadcasting, most notably on KATC TV3 and KLFY TV10. She focuses on community relations, media relations, employee engagement, and charitable giving opportunities for Cox. Tracy Wirtz is well-known in our community, having worked in television and radio for over 30 years. She started working for Cox on August 23, 2021, and the following weekend, Hurricane Ida hit. As a broadcaster experienced in crisis communication, she understands that people need information. "They're asking, what now? Working on the other side, in this space, has been invigorating and eye-opening." Cox Enterprises is a fourth-generation family-owned company started in 1898 by James M. Cox. Through its major divisions, Cox Communications and Cox Automotive, they are leaders in the communications and automotive industries with national brands including Autotrader, Kelley Blue Book, and Cox Homelife.

On this episode, spine specialist, Dr. James Cox shares a story of a 29-year-old mother of three with 3 levels of disc herniations in her lower back.  He explains the treatment he rendered and why. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the Keiser University, National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Links: Discat Plus Enhanced B vitamins in Formula One For doctors (and CE), the full case with treatment demo are available online. "Case Report Series 2017 Webinar #3  CE (1 hr)" Dr. Cox's nutrition podcast (chondroitin/glucosamine) Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical

Our Aim - To remind us how essential are in Building the Father's House (His People) and to encourage us to "steward" those relationships in a manner that glorifies God

Dr. Aspegren obtained his Doctorate of Chiropractic, from National College of Chiropractic in 1985. Following graduation, he went on to perform a two year residency under the direction of James M. Cox, DC, DACBR in Ft. Wayne, Indiana, focusing on research and treatment of lower back pain After completion of his residency, Dr. Aspegren moved to Denver, Colorado where he earned a Master's of Science Degree in Sports Medicine from Chapman University. Since then he has been involved in Sports Medicine at the highest level and has lectured around the globe. Give his man a listen as he takes you on a journey from the fields of Nebraska, to the College grid irons to being named the first Chiropractor to be invited to work in a Hospital. His energy in infectious, just try and keep up.

Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio and his patient Dr. Diego Paris share his story of a lumbar disc herniation and the treatment he receives to keep him operating. Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio Santa María graduated from Palmer College of Chiropractic, U.S.A., in 1989. In 1997, he also received his certificate as a “Sports Medical Chiropractor”. In the period from 2000 to 2002 he completed his master's degree in “Organizational Human Development” at the University of Celaya. He is an active member of the College of Chiropractic Scientific Professionals of Mexico. He has been Vice President of the Mexican Federation of Sports Chiropractic. He obtained the Certificate of the National University of Health Sciences on April 21, 2013, in “Techniques of Adjustment and Manipulation” from Dr. James M. Cox. He won a recognition for his participation in September 2013 at the 15TH International interdisciplinary Chiropractic Congress. He achieved a record of attendance at the Annual Sports Chiropractic Congress held in October 2012 by the Mexican Federation of Sports Chiropractic. Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio is also a Chiropractic Certified Sports Physician. In Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominican Republic in October 2009, he achieved the certificate in “Sports Medicine”, by the International Olympic Committee. In San Juan de Puerto Rico in the year 2000, he obtained a certificate in “Technique of Dr. Cox Part 1”. In October 2002 he received his record for participation in the “International Congress of Physical Therapy”, awarded by the National Polytechnic Institute, Academic Secretariat, Mexican Association of Physical Therapy. Chiropractor Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio Santa María currently has 30 years of experience. Resources: Contact Dr. Monterrubio garbrielmonterrubiosm@gmail.com (442) 213 4159 Dr. Monterrubio on YouTube Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical  

We discuss James M. Cox who lost the 1920 election to Warren Harding, a man who is, by historians' acclamation, one of our worst presidents. Our guest expert is David Pietrusza, author of 1920: The Year of Six Presidents. We'll explore James Cox's dubious significance as the first divorced presidential contender, FDR's debut as the running mate, and our experiences growing up in upstate New York's Mohawk Valley.

This week another special edition of PopHealth Week recorded live in the HealthcareNOW Radio studio booth at HIMSS 2021 in Las Vegas, our guest is George Valentine, Executive Director, Cox Communications. We discuss digital solutions for health systems and related healthcare enterprises. Cox Communications is committed to creating meaningful moments of human connection through technology. The largest private broadband company in America, we proudly serve six and a half million homes and businesses across 18 states.  Cox Communications is dedicated to empowering others to build a better future and celebrate diverse products, people, suppliers, communities and the characteristics that make each one unique. Cox Communications is the largest division of Cox Enterprises, a family-owned business founded in1898 by Governor James M. Cox.   ==##==  

The coastal prairies, marshes and bays of the Gulf of Mexico are among North America's most productive wetland systems. Tragically, they are also among the most threatened, Adam Putnam, CEO of Ducks Unlimited, the leader in wetlands and waterfowl conservation joins me to talk about the crucial conservation work being done along the gulf coast and how their partnership with the James M. Cox Foundation will the enhancement of high-quality coastal marsh and rice prairie wetland complexes.

The coastal prairies, marshes and bays of the Gulf of Mexico are among North America's most productive wetland systems. Tragically, they are also among the most threatened, Adam Putnam, CEO of Ducks Unlimited, the leader in wetlands and waterfowl conservation joins me to talk about the crucial conservation work being done along the gulf coast and how their partnership with the James M. Cox Foundation will the enhancement of high-quality coastal marsh and rice prairie wetland complexes.

Listen as chiropractor and founder of the Cox Technic, Dr. James Cox explains what Cox Technic is and why it is so effective for treating back pain. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the Keiser University, National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: Chesterton P, Evans W, Wright M, Lolli L, Richardson M, Atkinson G. Influence of Lumbar Mobilizations During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Measures of Knee Flexor Strength, Failure Point, and Muscle Activity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2020 Nov 25:S0161-4754(20)30201-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.09.005. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33248746. INFLUENCE OF LUMBAR MOBILIZATIONS DURING THE NORDIC HAMSTRING EXERCISE ON HAMSTRING MEASURES OF KNEE FLEXOR STRENGTH, FAILURE POINT, AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY: A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER TRIAL. AFTER SPINAL MOBILIZATION, IMMEDIATE CHANGES IN BILATERAL HAMSTRING FORCE PRODUCTION AND PEAK TORQUE OCCURRED DURING THE NHE. THE EFFECT ON THE NHE FAILURE POINT WAS UNCLEAR. ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY INCREASED ON THE IPSILATERAL SIDE. Meet the Nordic hamstring exercise, also known as the Nordic hamstring curl—your potential new favorite go-to that can help keep you healthy while boosting your performance.  me 19 Lead researcher Nicol van Dyk, Ph.D., of Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in Qatar, told Runner's World the move is simple: Begin in a kneeling position with both ankles secured—tucking your feet under a bar, for example, or having a running buddy hold them down—and then progressively lean forward as slowly as possible while keeping your back straight. When you can't resist anymore, just fall forward, catching yourself with your hands against the floor. Check out the video below for how to do it properly.   Ekşi MŞ, Özcan-Ekşi EE, Özmen BB, Turgut VU, Huet SE, Dinç T, Kara M, Özgen S, Özek MM, Pamir MN. Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, end-plates and paraspinal muscle changes in children and adolescents with low-back pain. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020 Nov 27. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000833. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33252539. FATTY INFILTRATION IN THE PARASPINAL MUSCLES AND IVDD WERE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH MODIC CHANGES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH LBP. LUMBAR IVDD IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS COULD BE THE RESULT OF A MECHANICAL PATHOLOGY   Karartı C, Özüdoğru A, Basat HÇ, Özsoy İ, Özsoy G, Kodak Mİ, Sezgin H, Uçar İ. Determination of Biodex Balance System Cutoff Scores in Older People With Nonspecific Back Pain: A Cross-sectional Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2020 Nov 25:S0161-4754(20)30153-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.006. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33248744. DETERMINATION OF BIODEX BALANCE SYSTEM CUTOFF SCORES IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH NONSPECIFIC BACK PAIN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY BBS CUTOFF SCORES ARE SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC IN DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN POOR AND GOOD POSTURAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH NSLBP.   TRACTION EFFECTS: TRACTION AND DISTRACTION STUDIES ON WHICH OUR WORK IS BASED. Luigi Albano, DC introduced the first paper on which I built the remaining studies. This gives us foundational understanding as to the benefits of placing a spine into distraction prior to producing ranges of motion – IT FIRST REDUCES STENOTIC EFFECTS THAT COULD CAUSE GREATER NERVE AND DRG COMPRESSION AND CHEMICAL INFLAMMATORY IRRITATION. - JMC   Gaowgzeh RAM, Chevidikunnan MF, BinMulayh EA, Khan F. Effect of spinal decompression therapy and core stabilization exercises in management of lumbar disc prolapse: A single blind randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(2):225-231. doi: 10.3233/BMR-171099. PMID: 31282394. A COMBINATION OF SPINAL DECOMPRESSION THERAPY WITH CORE STABILIZATION EXERCISE HAS PROVEN TO BE MORE SIGNIFICANT WHEN COMPARED WITH CSE ALONE TO REDUCE PAIN AND DISABILITY IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC LDP.   Demirel A, Yorubulut M, Ergun N. Regression of lumbar disc herniation by physiotherapy. Does non-surgical spinal decompression therapy make a difference? Double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017 Sep 22;30(5):1015-1022. doi: 10.3233/BMR-169581. PMID: 28505956. THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT PATIENTS WITH LHNP RECEIVED PHYSIOTHERAPY HAD IMPROVEMENT BASED ON CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGIC EVIDENCE. NON-INVASIVE SPINAL DECOMPRESSION THERAPY (NSDT) CAN BE USED AS ASSISTIVE AGENT FOR OTHER PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN TREATMENT OF LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION.   Karimi N, Akbarov P, Rahnama L. Effects of segmental traction therapy on lumbar disc herniation in patients with acute low back pain measured by magnetic resonance imaging: A single arm clinical trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017;30(2):247-253. doi: 10.3233/BMR-160741. PMID: 27636836. SEGMENTAL TRACTION THERAPY MIGHT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LBP STIMULATED BY LDH.   Kamanli A1, Karaca-Acet G, Kaya A, Koc M, Yildirim H Conventional physical therapy with lumbar traction; clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging for lumbar disc herniation. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 247-253, 2017 CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPIES WITH LUMBAR TRACTION WERE EFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENT WITH SUBACUTE LDH. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT IS NOT CORRELATED WITH THE FINDING OF MRI. PATIENTS WITH LDH SHOULD BE MONITORED CLINICALLY   Choi J, Lee S, Hwangbo G. Influences of spinal decompression therapy and general traction therapy on the pain, disability, and straight leg raising of patients with intervertebral disc herniation. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Feb;27(2):481-3. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.481. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PMID: 25729196; PMCID: PMC4339166. SPINAL DECOMPRESSION THERAPY AND GENERAL TRACTION THERAPY ARE EFFECTIVE AT IMPROVING THE PAIN, DISABILITY, AND SLR OF PATIENTS WITH INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIATION. THUS, SELECTIVE TREATMENT MAY BE REQUIRED   JUDOVICH BD. Herniated cervical disc; a new form of traction therapy. Am J Surg. 1952 Dec;84(6):646-56. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(52)90127-x. PMID: 12986095. CLINICAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT IN THE AVERAGE INTRACTABLE CASE THE CERVICAL SPINE SHOULD BE STRETCHED BY FORCE RANGING FROM 25 TO 45 POUNDS. ALMOST HALF THE PATIENTS IN A SERIES OF SIXTY CASES EXPERIENCED PARTIAL OR COMPLETE MOMENTARY RELIEF WHEN THIS FORCE WAS APPLIED. ROENTGEN STUDIES REVEAL THAT IN THE AVERAGE PATIENT THE INTERVERTEBRAL SPACES OF THE CERVICAL SPINE BEGIN TO SHOW MEASURABLE WIDENING WITH TRACTION FORCE RANGING FROM 25 TO 50 POUNDS. THE NECESSARY FORCE TO RELIEVE PAIN CANNOT BE TOLERATED BY THE AVERAGE PATIENT WHEN IT IS ADMINISTERED AS A CONSTANT PULL. IF ADMINISTERED INTERMITTENTLY, ADEQUATE AND MUCH GREATER TRACTION LOAD CAN BE TOLERATED WITHOUT THE DISCOMFORT WHICH WOULD NORMALLY ACCOMPANY SUCH FORCE. A NEW METHOD OF MOTORIZED INTERMITTENT TRACTION IS PRESENTED. THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF INTERMITTENT TRACTION, BECAUSE OF ADEQUATE FORCE, HAVE BEEN EXCELLENT AS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL TRACTION METHODS.   Burton AK, Tillotson KM, Cleary J. Single-blind randomised controlled trial of chemonucleolysis and manipulation in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation. Eur Spine J. 2000 Jun;9(3):202-7. doi: 10.1007/s005869900113. PMID: 10905437; PMCID: PMC3611397. BECAUSE OSTEOPATHIC MANIPULATION PRODUCED A 12-MONTH OUTCOME THAT WAS EQUIVALENT TO CHEMONUCLEOLYSIS, IT CAN BE CONSIDERED AS AN OPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION, AT LEAST IN THE ABSENCE OF CLEAR INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY. Further study into the value of manipulation at a more acute stage is warranted.   Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Cassidy JD. Spinal manipulation in the treatment of low-back pain. Can Fam Physician. 1985 Mar;31:535-40. PMID: 21274223; PMCID: PMC2327983. RESULTS OF SPINAL MANIPULATION IN 283 PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN ARE PRESENTED. THE PHYSICIAN WHO MAKES USE OF THIS RESOURCE WILL PROVIDE RELIEF FOR MANY PATIENTS.   Oliphant D. Safety of spinal manipulation in the treatment of lumbar disk herniations: a systematic review and risk assessment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Mar-Apr;27(3):197-210. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.12.023. PMID: 15129202. THE APPARENT SAFETY OF SPINAL MANIPULATION, ESPECIALLY WHEN COMPARED WITH OTHER “MEDICALLY ACCEPTED” TREATMENTS FOR LDH, SHOULD STIMULATE ITS USE IN THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT PLAN OF LDH.   Kane MD, Karl RD, Swain JH. Effects of Gravity-Facilitated Traction on lntervertebral Dimensions of the Lumbar Spine*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1985;6(5):281-8. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1985.6.5.281. PMID: 18802302. MEAN POSTERIOR SEPARATION WAS SIGNIFICANT AT ALL LEVELS EXCEPT L1-L2 AND L5-S1. MEAN INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINAL SEPARATION WAS SIGNIFICANT AT ALL LEVELS BUT L5-S1. IF INCREASES IN INTERVERTEBRAL DIMENSIONS PLAY A ROLE IN THE RELIEF OF LOW BACK SYNDROME, THEN GRAVITY-FACILITATED TRACTION MAY BE AN EFFECTIVE MODALITY IN THE TREATMENT OF THIS CONDITION.   Unlu Z, Tasci S, Tarhan S, Pabuscu Y, Islak S. Comparison of 3 physical therapy modalities for acute pain in lumbar disc herniation measured by clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008 Mar;31(3):191-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.02.001. PMID: 18394495. TRACTION, ULTRASOUND, AND LOW POWER LASER THERAPIES WERE ALL EFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF THIS GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LDH. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CONSERVATIVE MEASURES SUCH AS TRACTION, LASER, AND ULTRASOUND TREATMENTS MIGHT HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE LDH   Chung TS, Yang HE, Ahn SJ, Park JH. Herniated Lumbar Disks: Real-time MR Imaging Evaluation during Continuous Traction. Radiology. 2015 Jun;275(3):755-62. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14141400. Epub 2015 Jan 22. Erratum in: Radiology. 2015 Jun;275(3):934-5. PMID: 25611735. HERNIATED LUMBAR DISKS: REAL-TIME MR IMAGING EVALUATION DURING CONTINUOUS TRACTION CONTINUOUS TRACTION ON HERNIATED LUMBAR DISKS AND SURROUNDING STRUCTURES RESULTED IN CHANGE IN DISK SHAPE, DISK REDUCTION WITH OPENING IN THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, REDUCTION OF HERNIATED DISK VOLUME, SEPARATION OF THE DISK AND ADJOINING NERVE ROOT, AND WIDENING OF THE FACET JOINT.   Isner-Horobeti ME, Dufour SP, Schaeffer M, Sauleau E, Vautravers P, Lecocq J, Dupeyron A. High-Force Versus Low-Force Lumbar Traction in Acute Lumbar Sciatica Due to Disc Herniation: A Preliminary Randomized Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Nov-Dec;39(9):645-654. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Nov 9. PMID: 27838140. HIGH-FORCE VERSUS LOW-FORCE LUMBAR TRACTION IN ACUTE LUMBAR SCIATICA DUE TO DISC HERNIATION: A PRELIMINARY RANDOMIZED TRIAL PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LUMBAR SCIATICA SECONDARY TO DISC HERNIATION WHO RECEIVED 2 WEEKS OF LUMBAR TRACTION REPORTED REDUCED RADICULAR PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT AND IMPROVED WELL-BEING REGARDLESS OF THE TRACTION FORCE GROUP TO WHICH THEY WERE ASSIGNED. THE EFFECTS OF THE TRACTION TREATMENT WERE INDEPENDENT OF THE INITIAL LEVEL OF MEDICATION AND APPEARED TO BE MAINTAINED AT THE 2-WEEK FOLLOW-UP. DURING THE 2-WEEK FOLLOW-UP AT DAY 28, ONLY THE LT10 GROUP IMPROVED (P < .05) IN VAS (–52%) AND EIFEL SCORES (–46%).   Onel D, Tuzlaci M, Sari H, Demir K. Computed tomographic investigation of the effect of traction on lumbar disc herniations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1989 Jan;14(1):82-90. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198901000-00017. PMID: 2913674. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TRACTION ON LUMBAR DISC HERNIATIONS. CHANGES OCCURRING UNDER THE EFFECT OF A TRACTION LOAD OF 45 KG HAVE BEEN EVALUATED IN 30 PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION WITH CT INVESTIGATION. THE HERNIATED NUCLEAR MATERIAL (HNM) HAS RETRACTED IN 11 (78.5%) OF MEDIAN, SIX (66.6%) OF POSTEROLATERAL, AND FOUR (57.1%) OF LATERAL HERNIATIONS.   Clarke J, van Tulder M, Blomberg S, de Vet H, van der Heijden G, Bronfort G. Traction for low back pain with or without sciatica: an updated systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane collaboration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Jun 15;31(14):1591-9. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000222043.09835.72. PMID: 16778694. INTERMITTENT OR CONTINUOUS TRACTION AS A SINGLE TREATMENT FOR LBP CANNOT BE RECOMMENDED FOR MIXED GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH LBP WITH AND WITHOUT SCIATICA. NEITHER CAN TRACTION BE RECOMMENDED FOR PATIENTS WITH SCIATICA BECAUSE OF INCONSISTENT RESULTS AND METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN MOST OF THE STUDIES INVOLVED. HOWEVER, BECAUSE HIGH-QUALITY STUDIES WITHIN THE FIELD ARE SCARCE, BECAUSE MANY ARE UNDERPOWERED, AND BECAUSE TRACTION OFTEN IS SUPPLIED IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER TREATMENT MODALITIES, THE LITERATURE ALLOWS NO FIRM NEGATIVE CONCLUSION THAT TRACTION, IN A GENERALIZED SENSE, IS NOT AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH LBP   Beattie PF, Nelson RM, Michener LA, Cammarata J, Donley J. Outcomes after a prone lumbar traction protocol for patients with activity-limiting low back pain: a prospective case series study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Feb;89(2):269-74. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.778. PMID: 18226650. TRACTION APPLIED IN THE PRONE POSITION USING THE VAX-D FOR 8 WEEKS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIN INTENSITY AND RMDQ SCORES AT DISCHARGE, AND AT 30 AND 180 DAYS AFTER DISCHARGE IN A SAMPLE OF PATIENTS WITH ACTIVITY-LIMITING LBP. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THESE OUTCOMES AND THE INTERVENTION SHOULD NOT BE MADE UNTIL FURTHER STUDY IS PERFORMED USING RANDOMIZED COMPARISON GROUPS.   REAL-TIME MR IMAGING WHILE PERFORMING TRACTION IS POSSIBLE. Mitchell UH, Beattie PF, Bowden J, Larson R, Wang H. Age-related differences in the response of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc to spinal traction. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Oct;31:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28624722. TO DETERMINE DIFFERENCES IN THE APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT (ADC) OBTAINED WITH LUMBAR DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING (DWI) OF THE L5-S1 IVD BEFORE, AND DURING, THE APPLICATION OF LUMBAR TRACTION STATIC TRACTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN DIFFUSION OF WATER WITHIN THE L5-S1 IVDS OF MIDDLE-AGE INDIVIDUALS, BUT NOT IN YOUNG ADULTS, SUGGESTING AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE DIFFUSION RESPONSE. FURTHER STUDY IS NEEDED TO ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE FINDINGS AND THE SYMPTOMS OF BACK PAIN. HIGHLIGHTS: STATIC TRACTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN ADC IN OLDER DISCS, NOT YOUNGER. INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASELINE ADC AND PERCENT INCREASE WITH TRACTION. FINDINGS SUGGEST PRESENCE OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE RATE OF DIFFUSION RESPONSE.   SAAL, JEFFREY A., MD; SAAL, JOEL S., MD Nonoperative Treatment of Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc with Radiculopathy: An Outcome Study, Spine: April 1989 - Volume 14 - Issue 4 - p 431-437 64 PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT STENOSIS WERE TREATED NON SURGICALLY. 90% GOOD OR EXCELLENT OUTCOME WITH A 92% RETURN TO WORK RATE. FOR THE SUBGROUPS WITH EXTRUDED DISCS AND SECOND OPINIONS, 87% AND 83% HAD GOOD OR EXCELLENT OUTCOMES, RESPECTIVELY, ALL (100%) OF WHOM RETURNED TO WORK. SICK LEAVE TIME FOR THESE SUBGROUPS WAS 2.9 MONTHS (+/- 1.4 MONTHS) AND 3.4 MONTHS (+/- 1.7 MONTHS), RESPECTIVELY. THESE RESULTS COMPARED FAVORABLY WITH PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED SURGICAL STUDIES. FOUR OF SIX PATIENTS WHO REQUIRED SURGERY WERE FOUND TO HAVE STENOSIS AT OPERATION.   Sari H, Akarirmak U, Karacan I, Akman H. Computed tomographic evaluation of lumbar spinal structures during traction. Physiother Theory Pract. 2005 Jan-Mar;21(1):3-11. PMID: 16385939. DURING TRACTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ACUTE LDH THERE WAS A REDUCTION OF THE SIZE OF THE HERNIATION, INCREASED SPACE WITHIN THE SPINAL CANAL, WIDENING OF THE NEURAL FORAMINA, AND DECREASED THICKNESS OF THE PSOAS MUSCLE.   Park WM, Kim K, Kim YH. Biomechanical analysis of two-step traction therapy in the lumbar spine. Man Ther. 2014 Dec;19(6):527-33. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 May 22. PMID: 24913413. A COMBINATION OF GLOBAL AXIAL TRACTION AND LOCAL DECOMPRESSION WOULD BE HELPFUL FOR REDUCING TENSILE STRESS ON THE FIBERS OF THE ANNULUS FIBROSUS AND LIGAMENTS, AND INTRADISCAL PRESSURE IN TRACTION THERAPY. THIS STUDY COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP A SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TYPE OF TRACTION THERAPY   Chow DHK, Yuen EMK, Xiao L, Leung MCP. Mechanical effects of traction on lumbar intervertebral discs: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Jun;29:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28347933. HORIZONTAL TRACTION WAS EVIDENTLY EFFECTIVE IN INCREASING THE DISC HEIGHT OF LOWER LUMBAR LEVELS, PARTICULARLY IN THE POSTERIOR REGIONS OF THE DISCS. FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTS OF TRACTION OF DIFFERENT MODES, MAGNITUDES, AND DURATIONS ON THE CHANGE IN DISC HEIGHT IS REQUIRED FOR PROPER CONTROL OF TRACTION APPLIED TO SPECIFIC DISC LEVELS. HIGHLIGHTS: MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF TRACTION ON LUMBAR DISCS WAS EVALUATED USING MRI. HORIZONTAL TRACTION USING 42% OF BODY WEIGHT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED DISC HEIGHT OF LOWER LUMBAR DISCS. HORIZONTAL TRACTION ALSO RESULTED IN REDUCED LORDOSIS AND CHANGE IN TILT ANGLE. THE EFFECTS WERE MORE PROMINENT AT THE POSTERIOR DISCAL REGIONS.   Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):514-530. doi: 10.7326/M16-2367. Epub 2017 Feb 14. PMID: 28192789. a  systematic  review  of  randomized, controlled  trials  and  systematic  reviews  published  through  April 2015  on  noninvasive  pharmacologic  and  nonpharmacologic treatments  for  low  back  pain.  Updated  searches  were  performed through  November  2016. Recommendation  1: Given  that  most  patients  with  acute  or subacute  low  back  pain  improve  over  time  regardless  of  treat-ment,  clinicians  and  patients  should  select  nonpharmacologic treatment  with  superficial  heat  (moderate-quality  evidence),  massage,  acupuncture,  or  spinal  manipulation  (low-quality  evidence). If  pharmacologic  treatment  is  desired,  clinicians  and  patients should  select  nonsteroidal  anti-inflammatory  drugs  or  skeletal muscle  relaxants  (moderate-quality  evidence).  (Grade:  strong recommendation) Recommendation  2: For  patients  with  chronic  low  back  pain, clinicians  and  patients  should  initially  select  nonpharmacologic treatment  with  exercise,  multidisciplinary  rehabilitation,  acupuncture,  mindfulness-based  stress  reduction  (moderate-quality  evidence),  tai  chi,  yoga,  motor  control  exercise,  progressive relaxation,  electromyography  biofeedback,  low-level  laser therapy,  operant  therapy,  cognitive  behavioral  therapy,  or  spinal manipulation  (low-quality  evidence).  (Grade:  strong recommendation) Recommendation  3: In  patients  with  chronic  low  back  pain  who have  had  an  inadequate  response  to  nonpharmacologic  therapy, clinicians  and  patients  should  consider  pharmacologic  treatment with  nonsteroidal  anti-inflammatory  drugs  as  first-line  therapy,  or tramadol  or  duloxetine  as  second-line  therapy.  Clinicians  should only  consider  opioids  as  an  option  in  patients  who  have  failed  the aforementioned  treatments  and  only  if  the  potential  benefits  out-weigh  the  risks  for  individual  patients  and  after  a  discussion  of known  risks  and  realistic  benefits  with  patients.  (Grade:  weak  recommendation,  moderate-quality  evidence) Low  back  pain  is  one  of  the  most  common  reasons for  physician  visits  in  the  United  States.  Most  Americans  have  experienced  low  back  pain,  and  approximately  one  quarter  of  U.S.  adults  reported  having  low back  pain  lasting  at  least  1  day  in  the  past  3  months  (1).Low  back  pain  is  associated  with  high  costs,  including those  related  to  health  care  and  indirect  costs  from missed  work  or  reduced  productivity  (2).  The  total  costs attributable  to  low  back  pain  in  the  United  States  were estimated  at  $100  billion  in  2006,  two  thirds  of  which were  indirect  costs  of  lost  wages  and  productivity  (3).Low  back  pain  is  frequently  classified  and  treated on  the  basis  of  symptom  duration,  potential  cause, presence  or  absence  of  radicular  symptoms,  and  corresponding  anatomical  or  radiographic  abnormalities. Acute  back  pain  is  defined  as  lasting  less  than  4  week   Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, Skelly A, Hashimoto R, Weimer M, Fu R, Dana T, Kraegel P, Griffin J, Grusing S, Brodt ED. Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):493-505. doi: 10.7326/M16-2459. Epub 2017 Feb 14. PMID: 28192793. Background: A  2007  American  College  of  Physicians  guideline addressed  nonpharmacologic  treatment  options  for  low  back pain. The  current  evidence  on  non-pharmacologic  therapies  for  acute  or  chronic  nonradicular  or  ra-dicular  low  back  pain from  MEDLINE  (January  2008  through  February 2016),  Cochrane  Central  Register  of  Controlled  Trials,  CochraneDatabase  of  Systematic  Reviews,  and  reference  lists. Evidence  continues  to  support  the  effectiveness  of  exercise,  psychological  therapies,  multidisciplinary  rehabilitation,  spinal  manipulation,  massage,  and  acupuncture  for  chronic  low  back  pain. Funding  Source:Agency  for  Healthcare  Research  and Quality.  (PROSPERO:  CRD42014014735)Ann  Intern  Med.2017;166:xxx-xxx.  doi:10.7326/M16-2459Annals.org the  American  College  of  Physicians  (ACP)and  American  Pain  Society  (APS)  recommended  spinal manipulation  as  a  treatment  option  for  acute  low  back pain  and  several  nonpharmacologic  therapies  for  sub-acute  or  chronic  low  back  pain.    Stochkendahl MJ, Kjaer P, Hartvigsen J, Kongsted A, Aaboe J, Andersen M, Andersen MØ, Fournier G, Højgaard B, Jensen MB, Jensen LD, Karbo T, Kirkeskov L, Melbye M, Morsel-Carlsen L, Nordsteen J, Palsson TS, Rasti Z, Silbye PF, Steiness MZ, Tarp S, Vaagholt M. National Clinical Guidelines for non-surgical treatment of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy. Eur Spine J. 2018 Jan;27(1):60-75. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5099-2. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PMID: 28429142. Purpose: To summarise recommendations about 20 non-surgical interventions for recent onset ( If treatment is needed, the guidelines suggest using patient education, different types of supervised exercise, and manual therapy. The guidelines recommend against acupuncture, routine use of imaging, targeted treatment, extraforaminal glucocorticoid injection, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and opioids.   Krekoukias G1, Gelalis ID1,2, Xenakis T1, Gioftsos G3, Dimitriadis Z4, Sakellari V3. Spinal mobilization vs conventional physiotherapy in the management of chronic low back pain due to spinal disk degeneration: a randomized controlled trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2017 May;25(2):66-73. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2016.1184435. Epub 2016 Jun 23. MANUAL THERAPY SPINAL MOBILIZATION IS PREFERABLE TO CONVENTIONAL PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE PAIN INTENSITY AND DISABILITY IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC LBP AND ASSOCIATED DISK DEGENERATION. THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY MAY LEAD TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SPINAL MOBILIZATION AS ONE OF THE MOST PREFERABLE APPROACHES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LBP DUE TO DISK DEGENERATION.   REFERENCES FOR 25% RELIEF PAPER BY WIRTH ET AL Wirth B1, Riner F1, Peterson C1, Humphreys BK1, Farshad M2, Becker S3, Schweinhardt P1. An observational study on trajectories and outcomes of chronic low back pain patients referred from a spine surgery division for chiropractic treatment. Chiropr Man Therap. 2019 Feb 5;27:6. doi: 10.1186/s12998-018-0225-8. eCollection 2019. Refs on minimal clinical improvement determination: Farrar JT, Young JP, Jr, LaMoreaux L, Werth JL, Poole RM. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001;94:149–158. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00349-9. [PubMed] [CrossRef] Kovacs FM, Abraira V, Royuela A, Corcoll J, Alegre L, Cano A, et al. Minimal clinically important change for pain intensity and disability in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32:2915–2920. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815b75ae. [PubMed] [CrossRef] Salaffi F, Stancati A, Silvestri CA, Ciapetti A, Grassi W. Minimal clinically important changes in chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity measured on a numerical rating scale. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:283–291. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.004. [PubMed] [CrossRef] Robinson-Papp J, George MC, Dorfman D, Simpson DM. Barriers to chronic pain measurement: a qualitative study of patient perspectives.Pain Med. 2015;16:1256–1264. doi: 10.1111/pme.12717. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] Ostelo RW, Deyo RA, Stratford P, Waddell G, Croft P, Von Korff M, et al. Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:90–94. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815e3a10. [PubMed] [CrossRef]   Chung TS1, Yang HE, Ahn SJ, Park JH. Herniated Lumbar Disks: Real-time MR Imaging Evaluation during Continuous Traction. Radiology 2015 Jan 22:141400. CONTINUOUS TRACTION ON HERNIATED LUMBAR DISKS AND SURROUNDING STRUCTURES RESULTED IN CHANGE IN DISK SHAPE, DISK REDUCTION WITH OPENING IN THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, REDUCTION OF HERNIATED DISK VOLUME, SEPARATION OF THE DISK AND ADJOINING NERVE ROOT, AND WIDENING OF THE FACET JOINT.    Wong A, Parent E, Dhillon S, Prasad N, Kawchuk G: Do Participants With Low Back Pain Who Respond to Spinal Manipulative Therapy Differ Biomechanically From Nonresponders, Untreated Controls or Asymptomatic Controls? Spine: 01 September 2015 - Volume 40 - Issue 17 - p 1329–1337  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000981 PARTICIPANTS WITH LBP AND ASYMPTOMATIC CONTROLS ATTENDED 3 SESSIONS FOR 7 DAYS. ON SESSIONS 1 AND 2, PARTICIPANTS WITH LBP RECEIVED SMT (+LBP/+SMT, N = 32) WHEREAS ASYMPTOMATIC CONTROLS DID NOT (−LBP/−SMT, N = 57). IN THESE SESSIONS, SPINAL STIFFNESS AND MULTIFIDUS THICKNESS RATIOS WERE OBTAINED BEFORE AND AFTER SMT AND ON DAY 7. RESULTS. AFTER THE FIRST SMT, SMT RESPONDERS DISPLAYED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN SPINAL STIFFNESS AND INCREASES IN MULTIFIDUS THICKNESS RATIO SUSTAINED FOR MORE THAN 7 DAYS; THESE FINDINGS WERE NOT OBSERVED IN OTHER GROUPS. SIMILARLY, ONLY SMT RESPONDERS DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANT POST-SMT IMPROVEMENT IN APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS.     Wong AYL1,2, Parent EC3, Dhillon SS4, Prasad N5, Samartzis D6, Kawchuk GN3. Differential patient responses to spinal manipulative therapy and their relation to spinal degeneration and post-treatment changes in disc diffusion. Eur  Spine J. 2019 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5851-2. NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS WHO RESPOND WITH >30% RELIEF SHOW HIGHER APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT DISC DIFFUSION OF WATER THAN NON POSITIVE RESPONDERS. MRI WAS PERFORMED BEFORE AND AFTER SMT ON DAY 1 OF CARE. OSWESTRY DISABILITY TEST WAS ALSO USED.     Beattie PF, Butts R, Donley JW, Liuzzo DM. The Within-Session Change in Low Back Pain Intensity Following Spinal Manipulative Therapy is Related to Differences in Diffusion of Water in the Intervertebral Discs of the Upper Lumbar Spine and L5-S1. Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Nov 21. Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. STUDY TO DETERMINE DIFFERENCES IN THE CHANGES IN DIFFUSION OF WATER WITHIN THE LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS BETWEEN THOSE SUBJECTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) WHO DID, AND DID NOT, REPORT A WITHIN-SESSION REDUCTION IN PAIN INTENSITY FOLLOWING A SINGLE TREATMENT OF SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THERAPY (SMT) WAS DONE. CHANGES IN THE DIFFUSION OF WATER WITHIN THE LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AT THE L1-2, L2-3, AND L5-1 LEVELS APPEAR TO BE RELATED TO DIFFERENCES IN WITHIN-SESSION PAIN REPORTS FOLLOWING A SINGLE TREATMENT OF SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THERAPY. PARTICIPANTS UNDERWENT T2- AND DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED LUMBAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SCANS IMMEDIATELY BEFORE, AND AFTER, RECEIVING A SINGLE TREATMENT OF SMTJ     Kuo, Ya-Wen PhD; Hsu, Yu-Chun MS; Chuang, I-Ting MS; Chao, Pen-Hsiu Grace PhD; Wang, Jaw-Lin PhD Spinal Traction Promotes Molecular Transportation in a Simulated Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Model. Spine: April 20th, 2014 - Volume 39 - Issue 9 - p E550 Traction biomechanics studied in the porcine model biomechanical benefits include disc height recovery, foramen enlargement, and intradiscal pressure reduction. 48 thoracic discs were dissected from 8 porcine spines and then divided into 3 groups: intact, degraded without traction, and degraded with traction. From Day 4 to Day 6, half of the degraded discs received a 30 min traction treatment per day (traction force: 20 kg, loading: unloading = 30 sec: 10 sec). Traction treatment is effective in enhancing nutrition supply and promoting disc cell proliferation of the degraded discs.  

Dr. Lee Hazen, a Cox Certified practitioner and his wife Cheri, a Functional Nutritional Lifestyle practitioner share how they use a wholistic approach to healing by sharing a recent patient story. Lee Hazen, D.C. Dr. Hazen graduated Cum Laude from Cleveland Chiropractic College of Los Angeles in 1989. After a short post-ceptorship in Burbank, Ca, he was invited to become a resident in Dr. James Cox's clinic. From 1989 until 1998 he was co-director and resident in Ft. Wayne Indiana with Dr. Cox. While there, he attended and completed a 400 hour post-graduate Chiropractic Orthopedics training sponsored by National University of Health Sciences. Dr. Hazen has been serving the Murrieta-Temecula area for 15 years.  As a Cox Technique instructor for the past 25 years, he has taught many chiropractors across the country the use of the specialized decompression table, diagnosis and care of spinal disease. Currently, he is on the post-graduate faculty of National University of Health Sciences.   ​Lee Hazen D.C. and TCIM is committed to helping you regain and then maintain your quality of life, devoid of spine and extremity pain. Dr. Hazen offers specific protocols for spinal pain relief that are well-researched, well-documented, repeatedly-published and clinically-effective: Cox Technic Flexion-Distraction and Decompression Adjusting Manipulation.  The protocols were started 48 years ago by Dr. James M. Cox in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Cox Technic protocols have evolved as clinical application demands and research studies dictate. We are proud to offer the most cutting-edge, 21st century, non-surgical decompressive spinal pain relief.   Cheri Hazen, RN, ICHC, FNLP, LE RN (Registered Nurse) ICHC (International Cert. Health Coach) FNLP (Functional Nutrition Lifestyle Practitioner)     LE (Lifestyle Educator) ​Cheri has dedicated her life to serving others and working with people on making true transformational changes in their lives. As a dedicated founder of TCIM, her unique approach to healing and her calming influence are appreciated by everyone that gets the privilege to work with her. Cheri's formal training is in Nursing. She graduated from BYU in 1984 and started her career by working on a very busy surgical floor preparing patients for surgery. Throughout her career, she has spent time working at a number of different hospitals in California and Indiana. She has helped countless patients ranging from those faced with cancer to helping mothers deliver babies. Cheri has also graduated from massage therapy school and most recently, she has worked with the love of her life, her husband Dr. Lee Hazen at Chiropractic Works, in Murrieta CA as his medical assistant. ​She received her degree as a certified Health Coach from the Institute for Integrative Nutrition.  She is excited that her degree and unique life experiences will give her the ability to empower others and help to restore their health and vitality. Cheri's unique approach to healing comes from her own first-hand experience with suffering from a life-altering chronic condition.  Cheri's journey through intense pain and chronic fatigue forced her to make permanent lifestyle changes, practice coping skills like deep breathing and meditation, and discover the power that proper nutrition has in reversing the disease process.  Now that she is healthy, she has rededicated her life to sharing her story and helping others faced with similar challenges. Healing is possible…and Cheri is the living proof that her methods work. Cheri makes healing fun, exciting, and breaks everything down into small, obtainable steps. She will never overwhelm a patient with too much information or too much radical change all at once. She understands that this is all a process and she hopes to be viewed as a health partner helping her patients through it all! Cheri works with patients on the following: Health Coaching Stress Management Diet and Exercise Plans Lifestyle Changes Breathing Exercises and Techniques Encouragement and Reinforcement Nutritional Consulting Resources: Temecula Center for Integrative Medicine Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical

Listen as spine specialist and founder of the Cox Technic, Dr. James Cox discuss the non-surgical treatment of scoliosis. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the Keiser University, National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: McAviney J1, Roberts C2, Sullivan B2, Alevras AJ2, Graham PL3, Brown BT4,5. The prevalence of adult de novo scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2020 May 22. doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06453-0. [Epub ahead of print] Dai F1, Yu PF1, Liu JT1, Jiang H1. [A 5 year follow-up study on non-surgical treatment of ruptured lumbar disc herniation]. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2020 May 25;33(5):414-9. doi: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2020.05.005. [Article in Chinese] Minetama, Masakazu PT, PhD; Kawakami, Mamoru MD, PhD; Teraguchi, Masatoshi MD, PhD; Kagotani, Ryohei MD, PhD; Mera, Yoshimasa MD; Therapeutic Advantages of Frequent Physical Therapy Sessions for Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. SPINE: June 1, 2020 - Volume 45 - Issue 11 - p E639-E646 Spears CA1, Hodges SE1, Kiyani M1, Yang Z2, Edwards RM1, Musick A1, Park C1, Parente B1, Lee HJ2, Lad SP1. Healthcare Resource Utilization and Management of Chronic, Refractory Low Back Pain in the United States. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020 May 21. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003572. [Epub ahead of print] Tian G, Shen MR, Jiang WG, Xie FR, Wei WW. Case-control study on spinal leveraging manipulation and medicine for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis]. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2015 Jun;28(6):508-11 Faraj SSA1, Haanstra TM1, Martijn H1, de Kleuver M2, van Royen BJ1. Functional outcome of non-surgical and surgical management for de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a mean follow-up of 10 years. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2017 Dec 5;12:35. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0143-x. eCollection 2017. Bao H, Zhu F, Liu Z, et al. Coronal curvature and spinal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis: disc degeneration is associated. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(24):E1441–E1447. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000603 Kobayashi K1, Ando K1, Nakashima H1, Machino M1, Morozumi M1, Kanbara S1, Ito S1, Inoue T1, Yamaguchi H1, Mishima K1, Ishiguro N1, Imagama S1. Scoliosis Caused by Limb-Length Discrepancy in Children. Asian Spine J. 2020 May 21. doi: 10.31616/asj.2019.0374. [Epub ahead of print] Aspegren DD1, Cox JM. Correction of progressive idiopathic scoliosis utilizing neuromuscular stimulation and manipulation: a case report. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1987 Aug;10(4):147-56. Tomoki Oshikawa, Gen Adachi, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Yu Okubo, Koji Kaneoka. Change in Regional Activity of the Quadratus Lumborum During Bridge Exercises. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Apr 22;1-9.   doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0225. Online ahead of print. Abdulmonem Alsiddiky 1, Rheema Alfadhil 1, Maram Al-Aqel 1, Noura Ababtain 1, Norah Almajed 1, Khalid Bakarman 1, Waleed Awwad 1, Raheef Alatassi . Assessment of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Surgical Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients. BMC Pediatr. 2020 May 11;20(1):202.  doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02114-9. Erwin J1, Carlson BB1, Bunch J1, Jackson RS1, Burton D2. Impact of unoperated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in adulthood: a 10-year analysis. Spine Deform. 2020 May 28. doi: 10.1007/s43390-020-00142-0. [Epub ahead of print] Mariscal G1, Nuñez JH2,3, Figueira P4, Malo A5, Montiel V2, López MA6, Castro M7, Barrios C1, Fern PD8. Validation of the concavity-convexity quotient as a new method to measure the magnitude of scoliosis. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2020 Jan-Mar;11(1):31-35. doi: 10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_22_20. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Zwei Jahre nach Ende des 1. Weltkrieges gab es immer noch keinen vertraglich gesicherten Frieden zwischen Deutschland und den USA. Tatsächlich hatte es die republikanische Mehrheit im Kongress am 19. März 1920 abgelehnt, den Versailler Vertrag zu ratifizieren. Dass es noch bis zum 25. August des Folgejahres dauern sollte, ehe der sogenannte Berliner Vertrag einen Separatfrieden zwischen den beiden Mächten besiegelte, hing auch mit der politisch offenen Situation in den USA dieser Zeit zusammen: 1920 war Wahljahr. Die Demokratische Partei hatte nach dem Ausscheiden ihres Präsidenten Woodrow Wilson den eher schwachen James M. Cox als Kandidaten nominiert. Die Republikaner mussten sich zwischen dem aufstrebenden Herbert Hoover und einer Reihe anderer Anwärter, darunter der spätere Präsident Warren G. Harding, entscheiden. Am 8.5. berichtet das Berliner Tageblatt. Es liest Frank Riede.

In this episode, Dr. Cox continues his discussion on the influence of the vagus nerve in health and healing. He also shares a paper on mechanobiology, that is, how the cells of the body are constantly remodeling and adapting to their ever-changing mechanical environment. He concludes with a paper that goes beyond the 5 senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste to the newly described seventh sense. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the Keiser University, National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: HHS Public Access Author manuscript Brain Behav Immun . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 January 04. Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun . 2018 October ; 73: 441–449. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.005. Joanna L. Ng, Mariana E. Kersh, Sharon Kilbreath and  M. Knothe Tate. Establishing the Basis for Mechanobiology-Based Physical Therapy Protocols to Potentiate Cellular Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Front.physiol.,06 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00303 Kevin P. Cheng,  Sarah K. Brodnick, Stephan L. Blanz, Weifeng Zeng, Jack Kegel, Jane A. Pisaniello, Jared P. Ness, Erika Ross,  View ORCID ProfileEvan N. Nicolai, Megan L. Settell,  Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Brain Washing? doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/733410 Cuoco J, Fnnie C, Cheriyan G: Hypothetical Link Between Osteopathic Suboccipital Decompression and Neuroimmunomodulation. J Neurol Neurosci. 2016, 7: S3. Christopher Bergland. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Dramatically Reduces Inflammation: Stimulating the vagus nerve reduces inflammation and the symptoms of arthritis. PSYCHOLOGY TODAY, posted July 6, 2016 Stanley Rosenberg: Accessing The Healing Power Of The Vagus Nerve. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, CA Berrueta L, Muskaj I, Olenich S, Butler T, Badger GJ, Colas RA, Spite M, Serhan CN, Langevin HM. Stretching Impacts Inflammation Resolution in Connective Tissue. J Cell Physiol. 2015 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25263. [Epub ahead of print] Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA1, Triano JJ1, Injeyan HS2. Non-specific Low Back Pain: Inflammatory Profiles of Patients with Acute and Chronic Pain. Clin J Pain. 2019 Jul 5. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000745. [Epub ahead of print] Song XJ, Huang ZJ, Song WB, Song XS, Fuhr AF, Rosner AL, Ndtan H, Rupert RL. Attenuation Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain Through Activating Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 10 in Rat Spinal Cord. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Jan 30. pii: S0161-4754(15)00211-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.12.004. Compiled by James M. Cox, DC, DACBR

On this episode we continue with Dr. James Cox's presentation on spinal manipulation and the immune system.  He presents information on the parasympathetic nervous system and the vagus nerve. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox Technic Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: ·       Ramer MS: Rapid sprouting of sympathetic axons in dorsal root ganglia of rats with a chronic constriction injury. Pain 1997; 70 ·       Kupka, Johannes & Kohler, Annika & El Bagdadi, Karima & Bostelmann, Richard & Brenneis, Marco & Fleege, Christoph & Chan, Danny & Zaucke, Frank & Meurer, Andrea & Rickert, Marcus & Jenei-Lanzl, Zsuzsa. (2020). Adrenoceptor Expression during Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21. 2085. 10.3390/ijms21062085. ·       Browning KN, Verheijden S, Boeckxstaens GE. The Vagus Nerve in Appetite Regulation, Mood, and Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):730–744. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.046 ·       Komegae EN, Farmer DGS, Brooks VL, McKinley MJ, McAllen RM, Martelli D. Vagal afferent activation suppresses systemic inflammation via the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;73:441–449. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.005 ·       HHS Public Access Author manuscript Brain Behav Immun . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 January 04. Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun . 2018 October ; 73: 441–449. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.005.

On this episode, Dr. James Cox takes us on a deep dive into spinal manipulation and its effects on the immune system. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world. Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox® Technic www.coxtechnic.com Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical References: ·       Medeiros P1,2,3,4, de Freitas RL1,2,3,4,5, Boccella S1, Iannotta M1, Belardo C1, Mazzitelli M1, Romano R1, De Gregorio D6, Coimbra NC2,3,4, Palazzo E1, Maione S1.Characterization of the sensory, affective, cognitive, biochemical, and neuronal alterations in a modified chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in mice. J Neurosci Res. 2019 Aug 8. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24501. [Epub ahead of print] ·       Colombi A1, Testa M2. The Effects Induced by Spinal Manipulative Therapy on the Immune and Endocrine Systems. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 7;55(8). pii: E448. doi: 10.3390/medicina55080448. ·       Kedong H1, Wang D2, Sagaram M3, An HS4, Chee A5. Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-4 on intervertebral disc cells. The Spine Journal Volume 20, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 60-68 ·       Chen NF1,2,3, Chen WF1,4, Sung CS5,6, Lu CH2, Chen CL2, Hung HC1,7, Feng CW1,7, Chen CH1,7, Tsui KH8,9,10, Kuo HM11, Wang HD12,13,14, Wen ZH15,16,17, Huang SY18,19. Contributions of p38 and ERK to the antinociceptive effects of TGF-β1 in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic rats. J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):72. Epub 2016 Aug 19. ·       Nemoto W, Yamada K, Ogata Y, Nakagawasai O, Onodera K, Sakurai H, Tan-No K. Chondroitin sulfate attenuates formalin-induced persistent tactile allodynia. J Pharmacol Sci Aug 5. pii: S1347-8613(16)30091-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.07.009. ·       Kemeny ME. The immune system: the mind-body connection.  Who gets sick and who stays well. Institute for Brain Potential, Po Box 2238, Los Banos Ca 93635 ·       Egorova E1,2, Starinets A1,2, Tyrtyshnaia A1,2, Ponomarenko A1,2, Manzhulo I3,4. Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Conditions of Chronic Stress Induced by Sciatic Nerve Injury in the Rat. Cells Tissues Organs. 2019 Jul 8:1-11. doi: 10.1159/000501236. [Epub ahead of print] ·       Hingert D1, Nilsson J2, Barreto Henriksson H3,4, Baranto A3,4, Brisby H3,4.Pathological Effects of Cortisol on Intervertebral Disc Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Lower Back Pain Patients. Cells Tissues Organs. 2019 Jul 3:1-12. doi: 10.1159/000500772. [Epub ahead of print] ·       Kedong H1, Wang D2, Sagaram M3, An HS4, Chee A5. Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-4 on intervertebral disc cells. The Spine Journal Volume 20, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 60-68 ·       Glombiewski JA(1), Riecke J, Holzapfel S, Rief W, König S, Lachnit H, Seifart U. Do patients with chronic pain show autonomic arousal when confronted with feared movements? An experimental investigation of the fear-avoidance model. Pain. 2015 Jan 14. ·       Lubelski D1, Thompson NR, Bansal S, Mroz TE, Mazanec DJ, Benzel EC, Khalaf T. Depression as a predictor of worse quality of life outcomes following nonoperative treatment for lumbar stenosis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2014 Dec 19:1-6. ·       Kayhan F1, Albayrak Gezer İ2, Kayhan A3, Kitiş S4, Gölen M5. Mood and anxiety disorders in patients with chronic low back and neck pain caused by disc herniation. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2015 Nov 2:1-5. [Epub ahead of print] ·       Pillai AG, de Jong D, Kanatsou S, Krugers H, Knapman A, Heinzmann JM, Holsboer F,Landgraf R, Joëls M, Touma C. Dendritic morphology of hippocampal and amygdalar neurons in adolescent mice is resilient to genetic differences in stress reactivity. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38971. Epub 2012 Jun 12.

Dr. Lee Hazen of the Temecula Center for Integrative Medicine shares a story of a military wife who injures her neck as a result of a fall. Lee Hazen, D.C. Dr. Hazen graduated Cum Laude from Cleveland Chiropractic College of Los Angeles in 1989. After a short post-ceptorship in Burbank, Ca, he was invited to become a resident in Dr. James Cox's clinic. From 1989 until 1998 he was co-director and resident in Ft. Wayne Indiana with Dr. Cox. While there, he attended and completed a 400 hour post-graduate Chiropractic Orthopedics training sponsored by National University of Health Sciences. Dr. Hazen has been serving the Murrieta-Temecula area for 15 years.  As a Cox® Technic instructor for the past 25 years, he has taught many chiropractors across the country the use of the specialized decompression table, diagnosis and care of spinal disease. Currently, he is on the post-graduate faculty of National University of Health Sciences.   He is currently involved in gathering treatment outcome data for ongoing research on failed back surgery syndrome. He is continuing to publish case study reports on difficult and complex case studies that are evaluated and treated in his Temecula, CA office. Lee Hazen D.C. and TCIM is committed to helping you regain and then maintain your quality of life, devoid of spine and extremity pain. Dr. Hazen offers specific protocols for spinal pain relief that are well-researched, well-documented, repeatedly-published and clinically-effective: Cox Technic Flexion-Distraction and Decompression Adjusting Manipulation.  The protocols were started 48 years ago by Dr. James M. Cox in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Cox® Technic protocols have evolved as clinical application demands and research studies dictate. We are proud to offer the most cutting-edge, 21st century, non-surgical decompressive spinal pain relief. Resources: Temecula Center for Integrative Medicine Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical thebackdoctorspodcast.com

On this episode of The Back Doctors Podcast, Dr. James Cox discusses how spinal stenosis is treated when doctors work together for the benefit of the patient. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world.   Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox® Technic www.coxtechnic.com Find a doctor at http://www.coxtechnic.com/physicians.aspx The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical https://www.havenmedicaltables.com/drj/

This is an exciting episode as Dr. James Cox discusses the treatment that he has developed for disc degeneration, an often diagnosed cause of back pain. James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Keiser University, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world.   Resources: About Dr. Cox curriculum vitae  More about Cox® Technic www.coxtechnic.com Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Innovation References: Adogwa, Owoicho; Davison, Mark A; Vuong, Victoria D; Khalid, Syed; Lilly, Daniel T; Desai, Shyam A; Moreno, Jessica; Cheng, Joseph; Bagley, Carlos: Long-Term Costs of Maximum Non-operative Treatments in Patients With Symptomatic Lumbar Stenosis or Spondylolisthesis that Ultimately Required Surgery. A 5-Year Cost Analysis. Spine 2019;44(6):424-430 Boden, Lauren M., BA∗; Boden, Stephanie A., BA∗; Premkumar, Ajay, MD†; Gottschalk, Michael B., MD‡; Boden, Scott D., MD: Predicting Likelihood of Surgery Before First Visit in Patients With Back and Lower Extremity Symptoms: A Simple Mathematical Model Based on More Than 8,000 Patients. Spine: September 15, 2018 - Volume 43 - Issue 18 - p 1296-1305 Kim LH1, Vail D1, Azad TD1, Bentley JP2, Zhang Y1, Ho AL1, Fatemi P1, Feng A1, Varshneya K1, Desai M2, Veeravagu A1, Ratliff JK1. Expenditures and Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Newly Diagnosed Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 May 3;2(5):e193676. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3676. Kuo, Ya-Wen PhD; Hsu, Yu-Chun MS; Chuang, I-Ting MS; Chao, Pen-Hsiu Grace PhD; Wang, Jaw-Lin PhD. Spinal Traction Promotes Molecular Transportation in a Simulated Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Model. Spine: April 20th, 2014 - Volume 39 - Issue 9 - p E550–E556 Chung TS1, Yang HE, Ahn SJ, Park JH. Herniated Lumbar Disks: Real-time MR Imaging Evaluation during Continuous Traction. Radiology. 2015 Jan 22:141400.  Wong A, Parent E, Dhillon S, Prasad N, Kawchuk G: Do Participants With Low Back Pain Who Respond to Spinal Manipulative Therapy Differ Biomechanically From Nonresponders, Untreated Controls or Asymptomatic Controls? Spine: 01 September 2015 - Volume 40 - Issue 17 - p 1329–1337  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000981 Wong AYL1,2, Parent EC3, Dhillon SS4, Prasad N5, Samartzis D6, Kawchuk GN. Differential patient responses to spinal manipulative therapy and their relation to spinal degeneration and post-treatment changes in disc diffusion.Eur Spine J. 2019 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5851-2. [Epub ahead of print] Beattie PF, Butts R, Donley JW, Liuzzo DM. The Within-Session Change in Low Back Pain Intensity Following Spinal Manipulative Therapy is Related to Differences in Diffusion of Water in the Intervertebral Discs of the Upper Lumbar Spine and L5-S1. Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Nov 21. Alamam, DM, Moloney, J, Leaver A, Alsobsel, H, Mackey G. Pain intensity and fear avoidance explain disability related to chronic low back pain in a Saudi Arabian population. Spine:August 1, 2019 Vol 44 Issue 15 – pE889-E898 Tan D, Hodges PW, Costa N, Ferreira M, Setchell J: Impact of fare ups on lives of individuals with low back pain: a qualitative investigation. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019.06.003

James M. Cox, DC, DACBR, FICC, Hon.D.Litt., FACO(H) Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world.   On this episode of The Back Doctors Podcast, he shares a story of Mickey, who has a condition known as D.I.S.H. and her treatment with Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation.     Resources:   Cox Technic   Find a Back Doctor   The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical    

Mexican spine specialist, Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio talks about treating patients with ankylosing spondylitis.  A patient shares his success story. Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio Santa María graduated from Palmer College of Chiropractic, U.S.A., in 1989. In 1997, he also received his certificate as a "Sports Medical Chiropractor". In the period from 2000 to 2002 he completed his master's degree in "Organizational Human Development" at the University of Celaya. He is an active member of the College of Chiropractic Scientific Professionals of Mexico. He has been Vice President of the Mexican Federation of Sports Chiropractic. He obtained the Certificate of the National University of Health Sciences on April 21, 2013, in "Techniques of Adjustment and Manipulation" from Dr. James M. Cox. He won a recognition for his participation in September 2013 at the 15TH International interdisciplinary Chiropractic Congress. He achieved a record of attendance at the Annual Sports Chiropractic Congress held in October 2012 by the Mexican Federation of Sports Chiropractic. Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio is also a Chiropractic Certified Sports Physician. In Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominican Republic in October 2009, he achieved the certificate in "Sports Medicine", by the International Olympic Committee. In San Juan de Puerto Rico in the year 2000, he obtained a certificate in "Technique of Dr. Cox Part 1". In October 2002 he received his record for participation in the "International Congress of Physical Therapy", awarded by the National Polytechnic Institute, Academic Secretariat, Mexican Association of Physical Therapy. Chiropractor Dr. Gabriel Monterrubio Santa María currently has 30 years of experience. Resources: Contact Dr. Monterrubio Find a Back Doctor http://thebackdoctorspodcast.com/

Spine specialist, Dr. David Atiyeh shares a story of a gentleman struggling to find answers for his perianal pain. Dr. Atiyeh at Atiyeh Chiropractic and Functional Neurology is committed to helping you regain and then maintain your quality of life, devoid of spine and extremity pain. He offers specific protocols for spinal pain relief that are well-researched, well-documented, repeatedly-published and clinically-effective: Cox Technic Flexion-Distraction and Decompression Adjusting Manipulation. The protocols were started 48 years ago by Dr. James M. Cox in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Cox Technic protocols have evolved as clinical application demands and research studies dictate. We are proud to offer cutting-edge, 21st century, non-surgical spinal pain relief. Resources: Contact Dr. Atiyeh Find a Back Doctor

Should you have back surgery?  What are your options?  What if you already have had back surgery, but still have pain?  Listen to Dr. James M. Cox to hear the latest research on this topic. Dr. Cox is the developer of Cox® Technic Flexion Distraction Manipulation and the proud participant in the on-going federal research projects involving the National University of Health Sciences, Palmer College of Chiropractic Research Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, University of Illinois, University of Iowa, Auburn University, etc. He is a member of the postgraduate faculty of the National University of Health Sciences and has been privileged to speak throughout the world.   Resources: Cox® Technic Find a Back Doctor http://thebackdoctorspodcast.com/ Dr. Johnson's email

On this week's It's All Journalism podcast, producer Michael O'Connell talks to Hank Klibanoff, the James M. Cox junior professor of journalism at Emory University, about the Georgia Civil Rights Cold Cases Project. He discusses some of the tools students are using to investigate these decades old crimes. Klibanoff will be one of the keynote speakers at the Association of Alternative Newsmedia's annual conference, scheduled for July 7-10 in Austin, Texas.