Podcasts about mc1r

What has the colour of your hair got to do with your capacity to withstand pain? We investigate the claim, which regularly circulates on social media, that natural redheads are 25% tougher than their brunette peers. Pain expert Jeff Mogil explains how it all comes down to something called MC1R. Presenter: Charlotte McDonald Producer: Lizzy McNeill Series Producer: Tom Colls Editor: Richard Vadon Production Co-ordinator: Katie Morrison

Dit is de laatste aflevering die ik voor jullie maak. Na meer dan 10 jaar vond ik het tijd voor iets nieuws. Via deze weg wil ik iedereen die al die jaren heeft geluisterd bedanken: het was ongelooflijk leuk om verhalen voor jullie uit te zoeken en wat hebben we veel geleerd! Voor deze laatste mocht mijn zesjarige zoontje James het onderwerp bedenken, komt ie: waarom zijn varkens roze? Oké, het is een wat ouder onderzoek, maar daardoor niet minder behulpzaam bij het beantwoorden van deze vraag. Varkens zijn natuurlijk niet allemaal roze, maar dat er überhaupt varkens met deze kleur rondlopen, komt, nouja.. weer eens door ons. In de natuur hebben varkens en hun familieleden camouflagekleuren om begrijpelijke redenen. Vrijwel elke keer als daar een genmutatie zorgt voor een afwijking in die vacht, zeggen de onderzoekers die hier in 2009 al naar keken, overleeft het dier het meestal niet. De afwijkende dieren worden vaker gepakt door roofdieren en zo blijft schutkleur in het wild de gangbare outfit. Maar toen wij zo'n 10.000 jaar geleden varkens gingen fokken, waren het juist die opvallende en kleurrijke afwijkingen die het goed deden. We gingen erop selecteren. Op roze, en wit met zwart en allerlei andere variaties die in het wild niet zouden werken, maar die mensen er leuk uit vonden zien. In dit onderzoek gingen ze ook op zoek naar het genetisch mechanisme hierachter. Daarbij keken ze naar het MC1R-gen in de huidcellen die pigment aanmaken. Het gen bepaalt de balans tussen twee pigmenten: het donkere eumelanine en rood-gele feomelanine. Ook in ons mensen bepaalt die verhouding onze huids- en haarkleur. Ze vonden meerdere mutaties van dit gen in wilde en tamme varkens, maar in de wilde varkens werden die onderdrukt, terwijl ze in de tamme varkens verantwoordelijk waren voor het hebben van een andere kleur vacht. Voor sommige kleurcombinaties waren wel drie mutaties nodig. In het wild hadden deze varianten nooit lang genoeg overleeft om die opstapeling van mutaties bij zicht te dragen. En dus is de conclusie: varkens zijn roze, omdat wij ons er mee gingen bemoeien. Dat was hem voor nu. Blijf nieuwsgierig, blijf vragen stellen, dat heeft deze wereld hard nodig. En wie weet: misschien kan ik het niet laten om in de toekomst toch weer verhalen te maken voor jullie. Op de hoogte blijven kan, via LinkedIn, Instagram, of thesciencesection.com. Het was me een waar genoegen, liefs Karlijn Lees hier meer over het onderzoek: Colourful pigs evolved through farming, not natureSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Welcome back to the show everyone! On this week's installment, we discuss several topics. We start out with a person story of what happened after the recording of a previous episode, then we dive into current news and events. We discuss the strange things surrounding the upcoming solar eclipse and the theories surrounding it that pertain to the Bible. We talk about the best physical defense against a Dogman/Werewolf (or really any cryptid). Then we finish the episode off with a discussion about illegal sheep cloning in Montana, and the CIA's active documentation and obsession with the MC1R gene (the "Ginger Gene"). We hope you all enjoy! If you have an experience, prayer request or anything else you would like to share, EMAIL: silverpilled@gmail.com Instagram.com/silverpilledpodcast Please remember to support us and help us out by sharing us with anyone you can think of and by leaving us great reviews wherever you listen to us! To support us financially, VENMO: https://venmo.com/u/Silver-Pilled INTRO/OUTRO music by Dance with the Dead Dance With the Dead | Spotify

Hebben gingers een hogere pijngrens? Zijn ze beter in bed? Wat houdt het roste MC1R gen nu precies in? Aan de hand van 10 stellingen kom je alles te weten over de rosse genen en hun superpowers!

Que los pelirrojos tengan el cabello rojizo, la piel clara y la cara llena de pecas se debe a una alteración de la función del gen receptor de la melatonina -1 o MC1R, que se aloja en el cromosoma 16 humano. Esta mutación genética hace que dichas personas no sinteticen eumelanina, el pigmento oscuro que tiñe el pelo y la tez de los morenos, pero sí feomelanina, la molécula que normalmente da su color rosado a los labios y a los pezones y que, en los pelirrojos, proporciona también una inconfundible coloración al cabello. Muchas gracias por compartir nuestros contenidos en tus redes sociales. Suscríbete a MUY HISTORIA con un descuento del 50% usando el código especial para podcast - PODCAST1936 https://bit.ly/3TYwx9a Comparte nuestro podcast en tus redes sociales, puedes realizar una valoración de 5 estrellas en Apple Podcast o Spotify. Suscríbete a la revista MUY INTERESANTE y recíbela en tu casa. https://suscripciones.zinetmedia.es/mz/divulgacion/muy-interesante Gracias por escuchar nuestros 'Grandes reportajes de Muy Interesante' Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego Contacto de publicidad en podcast: podcast@zinetmedia.es

On retrouve un format "multi-espèces" pour répondre à une question qui turlupine pas mal de propriétaires et de chercheurs : peut-on considérer qu'il existe réellement des différences comportementales liées à la couleur des animaux domestiques ? Des renards polaires de Belyaev, aux chattes tricolores en passant par les juments alezanes, cet épisode résume ce qu'on a lu sur ce sujet, qui fait encore grandement débat. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie : Quelques références pour cet épisode parmi toutes celles existantes sur le sujet : Finn, Jessica L., et al. "The relationship between coat colour phenotype and equine behaviour: A pilot study." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 174 (2016): 66-69. Jacobs, Lauren N., et al. "The MC1R and ASIP coat color loci may impact behavior in the horse." Journal of Heredity 107.3 (2016): 214-219. Jayashree, Datta. "Correlation between coat colour and behaviour in semi-feral cats." Science and Culture 80.9/10 (2014): 283-286. Podberscek, Anthony L., and James A. Serpell. "Environmental influences on the expression of aggressive behaviour in English Cocker Spaniels." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 52.3-4 (1997): 215-227. Stelow, Elizabeth A., Melissa J. Bain, and Philip H. Kass. "The relationship between coat color and aggressive behaviors in the domestic cat." Journal of applied animal welfare science 19.1 (2016): 1-15. Wilhelmy, Jacqueline, et al. "Behavioral associations with breed, coat type, and eye color in single-breed cats." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 13 (2016): 80-87.

Medtem ko se z znamenji lahko tudi rodimo, pa se nihče ne rodi s pegami. Pege so genetsko pogojene, pojavijo se običajno med 2. in 4. letom starosti. Prvi pogoj za pojav peg je torej gen MC1R, drugi pogoj pa izpostavljenost UV sevanju. Spec. dermatovenerologije Nina Jugovar v Torkovem kvizu pove več!

Back in the early 1990s comedienne Mandy Knight did a show at the Edinburgh Fringe called, “Some of my best friends are ginger”. I always thought it was an inspired title, exposing a double standard that still persists today, and it always stayed with me.Then, a few years back I presented a series for Italian TV about beauty, Senso Della Bellezza - Sense of Beauty - and we did a feature on red heads. I thought it would be a nice piece today to mine that feature and expand on it, explore the history of redheads, and thereby celebrate the unjustly mocked 1% of the global population that carry the MC1R gene.The Book of Genesis is perhaps the first book to have been written down and, in the book of Genesis we have the first celebrity redhead, and a victim of some treachery, Esau. Esau came home hungry one day after a long shift in the fields, and his brother Jacob offered him a bowl of soup, but only in exchange for something: his birthright, his first-born son status. Esau, who seems to have been a bit of short-term thinker, put his stomach first and he accepted. Thus did Jacob inherit, and so did Jacob - and not Esau - go on to become one of the Fathers of the Israelites. All things considered, it was probably better for the Israelites that he did.Esau was born red all over “like a hairy garment”, and one interpretation is that Esau had some recessive Neanderthal gene - the theory is that Neanderthals had red hair, although I do not suggest red heads are any more Neanderthal than the rest of us. The genetic mutation responsible is different to the one that which causes red hair in modern humans.Red hair occurs most commonly in people of Germanic or Celtic origin. Ireland has the most red  heads per capita at around 10%, but the highest density of red heads and thus the red head capital of the world is actually Edinburgh. No wonder Mandy's show did so well there.It's thought that the reason red heads are more commonly found in colder climates is that it is actually an advantage to be pale, where sunlight is sparse. The lighter skin of red heads improves the absorption of sunlight, which is vital for the production of vitamin D by the body. Red hair is also relatively common among Ashkenazi Jews. Many Jews in literature have been portrayed with red hair. Shylock in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice and Fagin in Dickens' Oliver Twist, being two of the most famous. Judas, the betrayer of Christ, is often portrayed as a redhead.During the Inquisition in Italy and Spain, where red hair is less common, those with red hair were identified as Jews, even if they weren't actually Jewish. Today the commission for Racial Equality do not monitor cases of discrimination and hate crimes against redheadsRedheads were first mentioned in literature by the Greek poet Xenophanes around 500BC describing the Thracians, who it seems were red headed and blue eyed. The Ancient Greeks seemed to be particularly admiring of red heads. In men red hair was associated with honour and courage, while in women red hair was associated with beauty. Homer says the heroes Menelaus and Achilles were both redheads, while Helen of Troy, the most beautiful woman that ever lived, was also a red head.Aphrodite, Goddess of beauty and love was also red headed. (During the Renaissance, Botticelli and, especially, Titian were always painting beautiful women with red hair to the extent that titian now means auburn).The hair of female statues in Ancient Greece was often painted red - the Greeks loved the colour red.Many slaves in ancient Greece and Rome were the northern territories. Red headed slaves would often fetch a higher price, as they were thought to bring good luck. Red wigs were given to actors depicting slaves in Greek and Roman theatre. Indeed one fringe theory to explain modern mocking of redheads is that it stems from the Roman subjugation and persecution of Celts after the Romans arrived in the British Isles.Aristotle was not as keen as other Ancient Greeks is supposed to have said that "Those with tawny coloured hair are brave; witness the lions. But the reddish are of bad character; witness the foxes."Romans seemed just as admiring of red heads as the Greeks, particularly among the fierce Gaulish tribes, who Titus Levy said, “stand first in reputation for war … with their tall bodies, long red hair, huge shields, very long swords, and songs and yells as they go into battle, they terrify their foes.”From the Gauls to the Vikings to the Celts there has always been this connection between martial strength and flame-colored hair. The English warrior queen Boudicca was a red head. Perhaps the greatest warrior of the lot, Ghenghis Khan, was “long-bearded, red-haired, and green-eyed.”Egyptian pharaohs were found to have hair with reddish pigments, among them ‘Rameses the Great', the most powerful of them all, and Cleopatra. Alexander the Great, Richard the Lionheart, the great Ottoman naval commander Hayreddin Barbarossa (Red Beard), Queen Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots, Mary Magdalen - they were all depicted with red hair. Even the gods Bacchus and Hades were.Red-headed men have often been stereotyped as temperamental and quick to violence, while red headed women as loose, libidinal and wild. The Prose Edda is one of the oldest Norse documents. Odin the All-Father, ruler of the gods, is a wise and thoughtful ruler with blonde hair, but his quick-tempered son Thor, God of Thunder, though, is possessed of a full head of red hair and an enormous bushy red beard.In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift said "It is observed that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity."This might even be born out by science. A  German sex researcher found that women with red hair have sex more often, and an English study found that redhead girls have sex an average of three times a week, while blondes and brunettes only twice. As for the temper stereotype, a 2004 study found that redheads feel both pain and cold temperatures more vividly, and they get stung by bees more often. Maybe there's a reason for the anger.A 1486 Treatise on Redheads, Malleus Maleficarum, declared that those whose hair is red, of a certain peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. So now you know. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theflyingfrisby.com/subscribe

Back in the early 1990s comedienne Mandy Knight did a show at the Edinburgh Fringe called, “Some of my best friends are ginger”. I always thought it was an inspired title, exposing a double standard that still persists today, and it always stayed with me.Then, a few years back I presented a series for Italian TV about beauty, Senso Della Bellezza - Sense of Beauty - and we did a feature on red heads. I thought it would be a nice piece today to mine that feature and expand on it, explore the history of redheads, and thereby celebrate the unjustly mocked 1% of the global population that carry the MC1R gene.The Book of Genesis is perhaps the first book to have been written down and, in the book of Genesis we have the first celebrity redhead, and a victim of some treachery, Esau. Esau came home hungry one day after a long shift in the fields, and his brother Jacob offered him a bowl of soup, but only in exchange for something: his birthright, his first-born son status. Esau, who seems to have been a bit of short-term thinker, put his stomach first and he accepted. Thus did Jacob inherit, and so did Jacob - and not Esau - go on to become one of the Fathers of the Israelites. All things considered, it was probably better for the Israelites that he did.Esau was born red all over “like a hairy garment”, and one interpretation is that Esau had some recessive Neanderthal gene - the theory is that Neanderthals had red hair, although I do not suggest red heads are any more Neanderthal than the rest of us. The genetic mutation responsible is different to the one that which causes red hair in modern humans.Red hair occurs most commonly in people of Germanic or Celtic origin. Ireland has the most red  heads per capita at around 10%, but the highest density of red heads and thus the red head capital of the world is actually Edinburgh. No wonder Mandy's show did so well there.It's thought that the reason red heads are more commonly found in colder climates is that it is actually an advantage to be pale, where sunlight is sparse. The lighter skin of red heads improves the absorption of sunlight, which is vital for the production of vitamin D by the body. Red hair is also relatively common among Ashkenazi Jews. Many Jews in literature have been portrayed with red hair. Shylock in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice and Fagin in Dickens' Oliver Twist, being two of the most famous. Judas, the betrayer of Christ, is often portrayed as a redhead.During the Inquisition in Italy and Spain, where red hair is less common, those with red hair were identified as Jews, even if they weren't actually Jewish. Today the commission for Racial Equality do not monitor cases of discrimination and hate crimes against redheadsRedheads were first mentioned in literature by the Greek poet Xenophanes around 500BC describing the Thracians, who it seems were red headed and blue eyed. The Ancient Greeks seemed to be particularly admiring of red heads. In men red hair was associated with honour and courage, while in women red hair was associated with beauty. Homer says the heroes Menelaus and Achilles were both redheads, while Helen of Troy, the most beautiful woman that ever lived, was also a red head.Aphrodite, Goddess of beauty and love was also red headed. (During the Renaissance, Botticelli and, especially, Titian were always painting beautiful women with red hair to the extent that titian now means auburn).The hair of female statues in Ancient Greece was often painted red - the Greeks loved the colour red.Many slaves in ancient Greece and Rome were the northern territories. Red headed slaves would often fetch a higher price, as they were thought to bring good luck. Red wigs were given to actors depicting slaves in Greek and Roman theatre. Indeed one fringe theory to explain modern mocking of redheads is that it stems from the Roman subjugation and persecution of Celts after the Romans arrived in the British Isles.Aristotle was not as keen as other Ancient Greeks is supposed to have said that "Those with tawny coloured hair are brave; witness the lions. But the reddish are of bad character; witness the foxes."Romans seemed just as admiring of red heads as the Greeks, particularly among the fierce Gaulish tribes, who Titus Levy said, “stand first in reputation for war … with their tall bodies, long red hair, huge shields, very long swords, and songs and yells as they go into battle, they terrify their foes.”From the Gauls to the Vikings to the Celts there has always been this connection between martial strength and flame-colored hair. The English warrior queen Boudicca was a red head. Perhaps the greatest warrior of the lot, Ghenghis Khan, was “long-bearded, red-haired, and green-eyed.”Egyptian pharaohs were found to have hair with reddish pigments, among them ‘Rameses the Great', the most powerful of them all, and Cleopatra. Alexander the Great, Richard the Lionheart, the great Ottoman naval commander Hayreddin Barbarossa (Red Beard), Queen Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots, Mary Magdalen - they were all depicted with red hair. Even the gods Bacchus and Hades were.Red-headed men have often been stereotyped as temperamental and quick to violence, while red headed women as loose, libidinal and wild. The Prose Edda is one of the oldest Norse documents. Odin the All-Father, ruler of the gods, is a wise and thoughtful ruler with blonde hair, but his quick-tempered son Thor, God of Thunder, though, is possessed of a full head of red hair and an enormous bushy red beard.In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift said "It is observed that the red-haired of both sexes are more libidinous and mischievous than the rest, whom yet they much exceed in strength and activity."This might even be born out by science. A  German sex researcher found that women with red hair have sex more often, and an English study found that redhead girls have sex an average of three times a week, while blondes and brunettes only twice. As for the temper stereotype, a 2004 study found that redheads feel both pain and cold temperatures more vividly, and they get stung by bees more often. Maybe there's a reason for the anger.A 1486 Treatise on Redheads, Malleus Maleficarum, declared that those whose hair is red, of a certain peculiar shade, are unmistakably vampires. So now you know. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit frisby.substack.com/subscribe

Did you know that redheads can tolerate more spicy foods than those with dark hair? This is supported by biology and genetics.  Ask any anesthesiologist or a dentist and they'll tell you - often with a sigh, I might add - that taking care of redhead is can be challenging! The issue of pain perception, tolerance, response to pain and  response to different classes of medications is a complicated and murky one when it comes to people with natural red hair.   Join me in this episode to learn about the evidence we have for complexity of pain and its management in redheads, recent emerging evidence that explains why and more importantly how to effectively navigate this complexity, ensuring safe and effective care of these patients.   Takeaways in This Episode When an anesthesiologist or a dentist see a redhead Why redheads have more dental problems and toothaches Why redheads sometimes need more pain medications and at other times need less Variability in pain responses amongst redheads The redhead gene and its implications Do redhead really tolerate more spicy foods than others? Do they bleed more compared to others with darker hair? Recent study providing insights about the genetics and reasons for differences in their pain perception, responses and treatments What do Melanocortin, MC1R, MC4R have to do with pain How you reconcile the different, complex and sometimes murky findings and provide safe and effective pain care  for redheads Links Proactive Pain Solutions Other Helpful Episodes on Opioid Safety Episode#30 . Ensuring Opioid Safety for Children and Teens with Rita Agarwal, MD Episode# 29. Opioid Stewardship: Responsible Pediatric Pain Care! with Benjamin Lee, MD Proactive Pain Solutions Physicians Academy Clinicians Pain Evaluation Toolkit

Halloween isn't all about spookies, sometimes it is about parties. This week, yr grls explore the latter with PUMPKIN POUNDER by LAURA LOVELY. Titular Daisy pursues her preference for those with the MC1R gene into a rom-com cum softcore Halloween evening with a guy from Ireland. But guess what? He's different from the other pumpkins she's pounded, and her passion for pounding pumpkins could just be another costume. Are fetishes romantic? Is Halloween romantic? Is New York romantic? Is The Nightmare Before Christmas romantic? Be home before midnight, lest ye be pounded by this week's epiode. This episode was edited by Ellie Gordon-Moershel Whoa!mance is a part of the Frolic Podcast Network. Discover more Whoa!s and No!s on our website: https://www.whoamancepodcast.com/ Or our Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/user/show/82862949-whoa-mance Feel free to at us: https://twitter.com/mance_whoa Peep the gram: https://www.instagram.com/whoamance/ Join the FB Group: https://m.facebook.com/Whoamancepod/

Are you a natural redhead? Honestly, it doesn't matter. This week, Brittney and Grant chat with Mathilda about the MC1R gene mutation, pain tolerance, anesthesia metabolization, and fact-bombing your health practitioners. Get ready to learn something today (sorry?)! Find Mathilda and her art on www.MathildasUniverse.com or on IG @mathildasuniverse.

This is an urgent podcast episode! Last week, an independent lab, Valisure Labs, announced it discovered potentially harmful levels of benzene, a known carcinogen, in several popular sunscreen products. Now, Valisure Labs is calling on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recall the affected batches. In a report released May 24, they analyzed 294 batches of sunscreen and after-sun products from 69 brands. Benzene was detected in 78 (over a quarter) of those batches—and 14 of them contained more than the FDA's limit of 2 parts per million (ppm). Neutrogena, Sun Bum, CVS Health, and Fruit of the Earth were among the brands with the highest levels of the carcinogen, per the lab's results. WHAT DO WE DO NOW? Dr. Erum Ilyas is here to answer any/all questions for redheads + everyone else listening! Her focus is on adult and pediatric medical dermatology, cosmetic dermatology, and skin cancer prevention and treatment. She has practiced dermatology in the Philadelphia/Boston areas for over 15 years and has served as Assistant Professor of Dermatology at Drexel University College of Medicine and the System Chief for Dermatology of the Main Line Health Hospital Systems. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology, Diplomate of the American Board of Dermatology, Fellow of the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery, member of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology, Pennsylvania Academy of Dermatology, and Philadelphia Dermatological Society. Dr. Ilyas has served with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgeons as a State Advocacy Leader. She has visited Capitol Hill with the AAD to advocate for restrictions on tanning bed usage for pediatric patients, increased research funding for rare diseases and increased access to pharmaceuticals at affordable prices for patients. She recently worked with local state leaders to successfully push for legislation permitting students in the state of Pennsylvania to apply sunscreen in school without a doctor's note. Dr. Ilyas is the founder of AmberNoon, a contemporary UPF clothing line that protects skin from the sun's harmful UV rays. She designs a diffusion line for QVC, AmberNoon II by Dr Erum Ilyas, for which she also serves as the spokesperson. Dr. Ilyas lives in Pennsylvania with her husband and three teenage children. She answers the following important questions: Valisure, a lab and online pharmacy that regularly tests consumer products, explains it analyzed 294 batches of sunscreen and after-sun products from 69 brands. Benzene was detected in 78 (over a quarter) of those batches—and 14 of them contained more than the FDA's limit of 2 parts per million (ppm). What does the report mean exactly? Should we be worried? As a skincare professional yourself who has really dedicated her life to sun protection, did this news surprise you? What are your top 1 or 2 recommended sunscreens? So many people do not want to talk about skin cancer. But, it's real and it's serious. Redheads are said to have melanoma more than any hair color because of the MC1R gene -- even without exposure to the sun. What do you know about these facts? So many of us are now worried about sunscreen being harmful too. But, wearing sunscreen is always essential. What tips do you have for redheads who are now scared to wear sunscreen? We love UPF clothing! Can you tell us about your contemporary clothing line that protects skin from harmful rays, AmberNoon? Articles mentioned in podcast: Post about contaminated sunscreen: https://howtobearedhead.com/what-to-know-popular-sunscreens-contaminated-with-carcinogen-2/ Why higher SPFs aren't better: https://howtobearedhead.com/redhead-sunscreen-why-highr-spf-is-not-always-better/ Full podcast notes: https://howtobearedhead.com/benzene-was-found-in-popular-sunscreens-what-now/

There is so much misinformation on the web! Do redheads feel more pain or less pain? The answer is: redheads feel less pain and the reason why is fascinating. The brilliant Dr. David E. Fisher MD, PhD. is our special guest for this episode. Dr. Fisher is an internationally known researcher, clinician and academic, who is Chief of the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Dermatology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts (USA). He also serves as Director of the MGH Cutaneous (Q-taneous) Biology Research Center and Director of the Melanoma Center at MGH. A Professor of Dermatology and of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, Dr. Fisher came to the MGH from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, where he previously Directed the Melanoma Program. Dr. Fisher's research has focused on understanding the molecular and genetic events which underlie formation of melanoma as well as skin pigmentation. As a clinician, he has worked to translate these understandings into advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human diseases related to the skin and associated disorders. A graduate of Swarthmore College with a degree in Biology and Chemistry, Dr. Fisher is also an accomplished concert cellist and received a degree from the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. He received his PhD under Nobel Laureate Gunter Blobel at Rockefeller University and his Medical Degree at Cornell University Medical College under Dr. Henry Kunkel. Dr. Fisher's specialty training in Medicine, Pediatrics, and Oncology were carried out at Harvard Medical School. He recently served for three years as President of the Society for Melanoma Research, the largest international society dedicated to the study of melanoma. New research led by investigators Dr. Fisher at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) provides insights on why people with red hair exhibit altered sensitivity to certain kinds of pain. He will answer the following questions: 1. There has been confusion amongst social media. We want to get to the bottom of it. In very simple terms, can you break down what you do, what you focus on and the new research that you came out with surrounding the MC1R gene? We want to know if redheads feel more or less pain! 2. Redhead mice have the MC1R gene -- is that true? 3. What should redheads in general take away from this study? Will pain management be different or should be different? 4. How about the MC1R gene in conjunction with melanoma? READ MORE! Podcast notes: https://howtobearedhead.com/new-study-redheads-feel-less-pain-and-the-reason-why-is-fascinating/ Want to help us spread the news about the How to be a Redhead brand and this podcast? Please give us a 5 star review and tell your friends (redheads and everyone else) to subscribe! You can listen to this podcast directly on HowtobeaRedhead.com, on Apple iTunes, Spotify or wherever you listen to podcasts. And don’t forget to look at the podcast notes to find links with products mentioned.. and so much more.  Rock it like a Redhead!

Pour cette semaine du 5 avril : une immunité collective en danger, une nouvelle physique qui pointe son nez, un glacier qui menace de s'effondrer, des roux super-équipés contre la douleur et un astéroïde qui a la main verte. Bonne écoute, et bon week-end !

A particular version of the ginger gene MC1R underpins the fiery hair and freckled complexion of redheads, famed and feared in many cultures. But it is also linked to increased pain sensitivity and skin cancer risk. So where did it come from? And are redheads really endangered? As far back as the 19th Century, doctors realised that some types of cancer seemed to run in families, but it was not until the last decades of the 20th Century that scientists started to pin down the genetic culprits. Faults in two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase the chances of developing breast, ovarian or prostate cancer.

Redheads are said to make their own Vitamin D and because of this are said to need less Vitamin D than blondes/brunettes. Can we say hashtag #Superpower? Is this true and what should we know about Vitamin D and its connection with redheads? Studies have suggested that redheads are most efficient at synthesizing D, which is crucial for bone health and is thought to protect against depression. Scottish experts have speculated that this ability gives redheads a genetic advantage in gloomy climates because they can churn out more D in low-light conditions than people with darker skin or hair. This is all thanks to the MC1R gene mutation. The reason we talk about this today is because of a recent routine checkup Adrienne had. She gave blood for her annual checkup and found out she was “dangerously low” on Vitamin D. Reference Range was

Kevin Patton responds to a question from Krista Rompolski about how often we should test our students. Updates on hair color genetics and how the somatosensory cortex is mapped. And what about those preview episodes? 00:41 | Hair color inheritance 07:07 | Sponsored by AAA 07:21 | Building body maps 10:14 | Preview episodes 11:39 | Sponsored by HAPS 12:11 | Featured: Test frequency in the A&P course If you cannot see or activate the audio player click here. Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336) Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Nuzzel, Tumblr, or Instagram!   Every science begins as philosophy and ends as art. (Will Durant)   1 | Hair color inheritance 3.5 minutes New information about the inheritance of red hair shows that there's a lot more to it than just having two copies of the red-hair version of the gene MC1R. A lot more. Maybe its not just polygenic, but perhaps omnigenic. Hair colour gene study sheds new light on roots of redheads' locks (summary of the update) my-ap.us/2zYXkeL Genome-wide study of hair colour in UK Biobank explains most of the SNP heritability (the research article in Nature Communications) my-ap.us/2zWWIpU     2 | Sponsored by AAA 0.5 minute The searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by The American Association of Anatomists (AAA) at anatomy.org Searchable transcript Captioned audiogram      3 | Building body maps 3 minutes It turns out that all that kicking inside the uterus during the last trimester of pregnancy has a role in the mapping of our body in the somatosensory cortex. Babies kicking in the womb are creating a map of their bodies (summary of the update; includes videos) my-ap.us/2A0t8jv Newborn babies' brain responses to being touched on the face measured for the first time (some related news) my-ap.us/2zWX3ZI Developmental trajectory of movement-related cortical oscillations during active sleep in a cross-sectional cohort of pre-term and full-term human infants (the research article in Scientific Reports) my-ap.us/2A0lcib     4 | Preview episodes 1.5 minutes If you haven't been listening to the preview episodes released shortly before each full episode, try them out! Then let me know what you think.   5 | Sponsored by HAPS 0.5 minutes The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. Did you know there's a one-day regional HAPS conference in March? Check it out. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Anatomy & Physiology Society  |  theAPprofessor.org/haps     6 | Test frequency in the A&P course 13.5 minutes Listener Krista Rompolski calls in and asks Kevin for his opinion on the best frequency of tests for the undergraduate A&P course. Here are some previous episodes outlining Kevin's testing practices (and why he does it that way): Episode 1 | Intro | Spaced Retrieval Practice Episode 2 | Testing As a Teaching Strategy Episode 3 | Pre-Tests Power-Boost Learning Episode 4 | Cumulative Tests Make Learning Last Episode 7 | Teaching For Long-Term Learning Here's the episode in which The Learning Scientists talk about the value of retrieval practice Episode 27 | Understanding How We Learn, a Chat with Yana Weinstein & Megan Sumeracki If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page. More details at the episode page. Transcript available at the script page. Listen to any episode on your Alexa device. Join The A&P Professor social network: Blog Twitter @theAPprofessor Facebook theAPprofessor Instagram theAPprofessor YouTube Amazon referrals help defray podcasting expenses. Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association of Anatomists.anatomy.org The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society also provides support for this podcast.theAPprofessor.org/haps(Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!)

Você inala um gás e capota. Quando acorda, já está numa sala de recuperação e não se lembra de nada. Afinal, como funciona a anestesia? Ficar apagado por anestésico tem o mesmo efeito de estar dormindo? Confira no papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. Agradecimento especial ao Dr. Sérgio Ferreira, médico anestesista que trabalha na UTI do InCor e do Sirio-Libanês. OUÇA (30min 33s) Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. Edição: Reginaldo Cursino. http://naruhodo.b9.com.br REFERÊNCIAS Relationship between the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variant R306ter and physiological responses to mechanical or thermal stimuli in Labrador Retriever dogs https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1467298717300120 Red Hair and anesthesic requirements https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-015-0325-z Podcasts das #Minas: MICROBIANDO http://www.cienciaexplica.com.br/category/microbiando/ APOIA.SE Você sabia que pode ajudar a manter o Naruhodo no ar? Ao contribuir, você pode ter acesso ao grupo fechado no Facebook e receber conteúdos exclusivos. Acesse: http://apoia.se/naruhodopodcast

13 September 2010: Audio abstracts from the JID July 2010 issue, including better melanoma diagnosis, UVR protection and MC1R, and the incidence of skin malignancies in the Netherlands.

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In this episode of Discovering Darwin we discussed the fifth chapter of Origin of Species titled Laws of Variation. Ironically there are no laws actually discussed in the chapter but Darwin does outline a variety of phenomenon and patterns of inheritance and variation that puzzled and intrigued him. When we consider the great variation in forms that we see in nature it is often difficult to tease apart the cause of that difference in form. For example, variation in form may be genetically determined as described by Mendel and his experiments with pea plants. Of course Darwin did not have a sense of genes and how multicellular plants (excluding mosses) and animals get two copies of each gene, one form their mother and one from their father, that codes for traits. Those two copies of the genes determine the expression of physical traits. Looking at the chart below of Mendel's pea plant traits you can see how variable the sweet pea plant could be.Imagine Darwin's confusion if he saw pea plants with yellow or green seeds, purple or white flowers and variation on where the flowers are located on the plant. Even more intriguing is the notion that yellow seeded pea plants with purple flowers could be crossed and produce offspring with green colored pea seeds and white flowers! Today, with our knowledge of genetics, we understand the concept of recessive and dominant traits and how recessive traits can be hidden in the parents but expressed in the offspring when they inherit only the recessive versions of the gene.We discussed if Darwin actually was aware of Mendel's work and Josh mentioned an interesting paper by Bizzo and El-Hani that argued Darwin was aware of Mendel's work. That paper can be found here.Acclimation versus AdaptationSarah discussed how Darwin seemed to use the terms acclimation and adaptation interchangeably as he worked through his understanding of how organisms can exhibit variation in form. Today biologists see these two concepts as separate and unique characteristics.Some of the best examples of acclimation can be seen in arctic animals, like this arctic fox, that can dramatically change their coats from winter to summer. Acclimation is when the organism alters its form, physiology or behavior in response to local environmental conditions. Often these changes are induced by hormonal changes in the organism which themselves are triggered by environmental stimuli.  These changes are typically not permanent.In contrast, if you look at a population of a species you may see variation in forms but these are adaptations to local conditions. An interesting example of local adaptations is seen in the north American rock pocket mouse (Chaetodipus intermedius) that lives in the southwest desert areas of US and Mexico. This small, bite sized rodent, lives in a variety of rocky habitats which differ in color depending upon the geological history. The brown sandy colored rocks are in contrast to the black balsaltic rock that formed from geologically recent lava flow events. The mice have strong local selection to avoid being seen by their natural predators so selection favors coat colors that blend with the background. The top two images are showing the local mouse in its native local condition, the bottom two panels are swapping mice from their native locations. All of these mice are the same species but their coat color variation is genetically determined by expression of Mc1r gene for black pigmentation and that gene has undergone local mutations and selection. http://uanews.org/story/coats-different-color-desert-mice-offer-new-lessons-survival-fittest  We also discussed how creatures locally adapt to caves by losing the ability to see and often become pale colored or completely lose their coloration.  Josh read a wonderful quote by Darwin where he described blind cave crabs possessing components of the eye but it was incomplete in form.Image from http://imgarcade.com/1/blind-cave-crabWe also discussed how Darwin recognized the pattern that certain traits correlated with individual sexes but did not understand how that was possible. Darwin spoke of calico cats and how he was puzzled that they are typically only female.  Of course we now understand that sex is determined by sex chromosomes and traits can be sex-linked when they are located on the sex chromosome, which in mammals are called X and Y chromosomes (females are XX, males are XY).A very nice summary of the genetics of calico cats can be found here.image from WikipediaDuring the podcast we discussed Darwin's critique of the idea that every unique species was individually specially created by a Creator. Darwin mentioned how improbable it was that the creator would take the time to make different varieties of turnips. This discussion stimulated a flashback for Josh to remember when he was an undergraduate seeing outside a professors office a classic Farside cartoon concerning special creation. "Oh my, me...." copyright Gary LarsonModern View of Inheritance and Sources of Genetic VariationIn contrast to Darwin's semi-blending model of inheritance, biologist today rely on the particulate model of inheritance, which is based on the idea that individuals gain specific set of genetic particles (chromosomes) from both their parents. We now understand that the process of sexual reproduction creates great variation in offspring without relying solely on the process of genetic mutations to create new forms.Yes genetic mutations are important in creating new traits (see mouse story above) but much of the genetic variation we see in nature within a generation derives from shuffling and recombining preexisting traits when creating gametes (eggs and sperm) and combining those gametes (fertilization) into a new individual.To illustrate how variation is created through sexual reproduction allow me to use an analogy where playing cards represent genetic information. Imagine you take a complete deck of cards sans the joker and partition them out such that you have all the heart and spade suits and your reproductive partner has all the diamonds and club suits. The red colored suits (diamonds and hearts) represent the original genetic material inherited from your mother's side and the black suits (clubs and spades) denote the original genetic material inherited from the father's side.  Each of these cards would signify a chromosome, a strand of DNA that has a variety of genes which code for traits. Since you would have two copies of each chromosome - a heart and spade set of ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack, queen and king - you are considered a diploid (di - two) individual. So is your reproductive partner who has the diamond and club suit of the same cards. In this example you would have a total chromosome count of only 26 where in reality humans have a total chromosome count of 46 but this simplified example will illustrate how inheritance and a majority of the variation occurs.Your diploid genome - 1/2 the genetic material from your dad, 1/2 from your mom.When you go to reproduce sexually you make gamete cells, either sperm or eggs depending upon your biological sex. To make those cells you randomly draw a single card from either the heart or spade suit to create a cell that has only one copy of each card - ace through king. This new cell would have a chromosome count of only 13, half of what you have, and is called a haploid cell. Your partner is doing the same thing with their cards, creating a haploid cell that contains ace through king cards randomly chosen from the diamond and club set they contain. When those two haploid cells fuse, a process called fertilization, you recreate a diploid individual who has two copies of each of the cards ace through king. So in sexual reproduction it is a reduction in total genetic material (in haploid gametes) and then a reconstitution of the total genetic material during fertilization.The traits encoded in the genes on the chromosome, represented by the playing cards, get passed from parent to offspring as intake distinct "particles". Variation is also created in this process because when the gametes are formed the single chromosome donated to the cell came about from randomly drawing from the two possible sources. Imagine you are actually flipping a coin to decide which card to choose with the rule that heads picks the red card and tails picks the black card. You could randomly draw all the red cards to make your gamete, improbable but not impossible. It would require flipping 13 heads in a row which for a fair coin the probability of occurring is 1 out of 8192 times.  Improbable but not impossible. The inverse is true for drawing only black cards. Most likely the gamete would contain a mixture of red and black cards for the ace through king cards.  But even then, you could create a large number of possible combinations of just those thirteen cards - 8192 to be exact. You then repeat the process for the other gamete and it is easy to see how many different combinations of chromosome pairs the new fertilized gamete can contain. This process of creating genetic variation through random drawing of each chromosome is called independent assortment, that is each chromosome independently assorts into the gamete cell.One of 8192 possible haploid gametes you could makeAs you imagine all the probable outcomes of creating this gamete it becomes clear that you could create a great diversity of gametes - in humans with 23 pairs of chromosomes you can create 223=8,388,608 genetically different gametes! On top of this source of variation, there is also a phenomenon called crossing over where two sister chromosomes - in our example imagine two of the cards of the same value, e.g., the queen cards - break apart and recombine with each other. So take your queen of hearts and queen of spades, stack them together, rip them randomly in two and then tape the two opposite colored halves back together to create a queen card that now has top half red and bottom half black and the other card is the inverse, top half black and bottom half red. This would then allow traits on one chromosome to be combined with traits on a completely separate chromosome so they are now being inherited together. Assuming these traits were housed on the same chromosome, which is not true, imagine grandma had brown eyes and was farsighted, whereas grandpa had blue eyes but had normal vision and all of these traits were on the same chromosome. Now with crossing over, we have a chromosome with grandmas brown eyes and grandpas normal vision and grandpas blues eyes now combined with farsightedness. A crude approximation of crossing over creating two new chromosomes.As you can see with crossing over and independent assortment occurring you can appreciate the great array of genetic diversity that can be created in the offspring during sexual reproduction.The opening and closing theme to Discovering Darwin is "May" by Jared C. Balogh. http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Balogh/Revitalized_Eyes/MAY Copyright: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/  Interlude music if Frenchy's String Band "Sunshine Special" recorded in Texas sometime around 1927. https://archive.org/details/FrenchysStringBand-SunshineSpecial 

Not everyone can be born superhuman. But some of us can. And for those of us born with red hair (MC1R gene) we know this to be the truth. With powers ranging from super speed to an amazing ability to make pancakes super fast, red heads around the world are