Podcasts about Retrieval

Retrieval-augmented generation, or RAG, has become a foundational approach to building production AI systems. However, deploying RAG in practice can be complex and costly. Developers typically have to manage vector databases, chunking strategies, embedding models, and indexing infrastructure. Designing effective RAG systems is also a moving target, as techniques and best practices evolve in step The post DeepMind's RAG System with Animesh Chatterji and Ivan Solovyev appeared first on Software Engineering Daily.

Turbopuffer came out of a reading app.In 2022, Simon was helping his friends at Readwise scale their infra for a highly requested feature: article recommendations and semantic search. Readwise was paying ~$5k/month for their relational database and vector search would cost ~$20k/month making the feature too expensive to ship. In 2023 after mulling over the problem from Readwise, Simon decided he wanted to “build a search engine” which became Turbopuffer.We discuss:• Simon's path: Denmark → Shopify infra for nearly a decade → “angel engineering” across startups like Readwise, Replicate, and Causal → turbopuffer almost accidentally becoming a company • The Readwise origin story: building an early recommendation engine right after the ChatGPT moment, seeing it work, then realizing it would cost ~$30k/month for a company spending ~$5k/month total on infra and getting obsessed with fixing that cost structure • Why turbopuffer is “a search engine for unstructured data”: Simon's belief that models can learn to reason, but can't compress the world's knowledge into a few terabytes of weights, so they need to connect to systems that hold truth in full fidelity • The three ingredients for building a great database company: a new workload, a new storage architecture, and the ability to eventually support every query plan customers will want on their data • The architecture bet behind turbopuffer: going all in on object storage and NVMe, avoiding a traditional consensus layer, and building around the cloud primitives that only became possible in the last few years • Why Simon hated operating Elasticsearch at Shopify: years of painful on-call experience shaped his obsession with simplicity, performance, and eliminating state spread across multiple systems • The Cursor story: launching turbopuffer as a scrappy side project, getting an email from Cursor the next day, flying out after a 4am call, and helping cut Cursor's costs by 95% while fixing their per-user economics • The Notion story: buying dark fiber, tuning TCP windows, and eating cross-cloud costs because Simon refused to compromise on architecture just to close a deal faster • Why AI changes the build-vs-buy equation: it's less about whether a company can build search infra internally, and more about whether they have time especially if an external team can feel like an extension of their own • Why RAG isn't dead: coding companies still rely heavily on search, and Simon sees hybrid retrieval semantic, text, regex, SQL-style patterns becoming more important, not less • How agentic workloads are changing search: the old pattern was one retrieval call up front; the new pattern is one agent firing many parallel queries at once, turning search into a highly concurrent tool call • Why turbopuffer is reducing query pricing: agentic systems are dramatically increasing query volume, and Simon expects retrieval infra to adapt to huge bursts of concurrent search rather than a small number of carefully chosen calls • The philosophy of “playing with open cards”: Simon's habit of being radically honest with investors, including telling Lachy Groom he'd return the money if turbopuffer didn't hit PMF by year-end • The “P99 engineer”: Simon's framework for building a talent-dense company, rejecting by default unless someone on the team feels strongly enough to fight for the candidate —Simon Hørup Eskildsen• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sirupsen• X: https://x.com/Sirupsen• https://sirupsen.com/aboutturbopuffer• https://turbopuffer.com/Full Video PodTimestamps00:00:00 The PMF promise to Lachy Groom00:00:25 Intro and Simon's background00:02:19 What turbopuffer actually is00:06:26 Shopify, Elasticsearch, and the pain behind the company00:10:07 The Readwise experiment that sparked turbopuffer00:12:00 The insight Simon couldn't stop thinking about00:17:00 S3 consistency, NVMe, and the architecture bet00:20:12 The Notion story: latency, dark fiber, and conviction00:25:03 Build vs. buy in the age of AI00:26:00 The Cursor story: early launch to breakout customer00:29:00 Why code search still matters00:32:00 Search in the age of agents00:34:22 Pricing turbopuffer in the AI era00:38:17 Why Simon chose Lachy Groom00:41:28 Becoming a founder on purpose00:44:00 The “P99 engineer” philosophy00:49:30 Bending software to your will00:51:13 The future of turbopuffer00:57:05 Simon's tea obsession00:59:03 Tea kits, X Live, and P99 LiveTranscriptSimon Hørup Eskildsen: I don't think I've said this publicly before, but I just called Lockey and was like, local Lockie. Like if this doesn't have PMF by the end of the year, like we'll just like return all the money to you. But it's just like, I don't really, we, Justine and I don't wanna work on this unless it's really working.So we want to give it the best shot this year and like we're really gonna go for it. We're gonna hire a bunch of people. We're just gonna be honest with everyone. Like when I don't know how to play a game, I just play with open cards. Lockey was the only person that didn't, that didn't freak out. He was like, I've never heard anyone say that before.Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Leading Space podcast. This is Celesio Pando, Colonel Laz, and I'm joined by Swix, editor of Leading Space.swyx: Hello. Hello, uh, we're still, uh, recording in the Ker studio for the first time. Very excited. And today we are joined by Simon Eski. Of Turbo Farer welcome.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Thank you so much for having me.swyx: Turbo Farer has like really gone on a huge tear, and I, I do have to mention that like you're one of, you're not my newest member of the Danish AHU Mafia, where like there's a lot of legendary programmers that have come out of it, like, uh, beyond Trotro, Rasmus, lado Berg and the V eight team and, and Google Maps team.Uh, you're mostly a Canadian now, but isn't that interesting? There's so many, so much like strong Danish presence.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, I was writing a post, um, not that long ago about sort of the influences. So I grew up in Denmark, right? I left, I left when, when I was 18 to go to Canada to, to work at Shopify. Um, and so I, like, I've, I would still say that I feel more Danish than, than Canadian.This is also the weird accent. I can't say th because it, this is like, I don't, you know, my wife is also Canadian, um, and I think. I think like one of the things in, in Denmark is just like, there's just such a ruthless pragmatism and there's also a big focus on just aesthetics. Like, they're like very, people really care about like where, what things look like.Um, and like Canada has a lot of attributes, US has, has a lot of attributes, but I think there's been lots of the great things to carry. I don't know what's in the water in Ahu though. Um, and I don't know that I could be considered part of the Mafi mafia quite yet, uh, compared to the phenomenal individuals we just mentioned.Barra OV is also, uh, Danish Canadian. Okay. Yeah. I don't know where he lives now, but, and he's the PHP.swyx: Yeah. And obviously Toby German, but moved to Canada as well. Yes. Like this is like import that, uh, that, that is an interesting, um, talent move.Alessio: I think. I would love to get from you. Definition of Turbo puffer, because I think you could be a Vector db, which is maybe a bad word now in some circles, you could be a search engine.It's like, let, let's just start there and then we'll maybe run through the history of how you got to this point.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: For sure. Yeah. So Turbo Puffer is at this point in time, a search engine, right? We do full text search and we do vector search, and that's really what we're specialized in. If you're trying to do much more than that, like then this might not be the right place yet, but Turbo Buffer is all about search.The other way that I think about it is that we can take all of the world's knowledge, all of the exabytes and exabytes of data that there is, and we can use those tokens to train a model, but we can't compress all of that into a few terabytes of weights, right? Compress into a few terabytes of weights, how to reason with the world, how to make sense of the knowledge.But we have to somehow connect it to something externally that actually holds that like in full fidelity and truth. Um, and that's the thing that we intend to become. Right? That's like a very holier than now kind of phrasing, right? But being the search engine for unstructured, unstructured data is the focus of turbo puffer at this point in time.Alessio: And let's break down. So people might say, well, didn't Elasticsearch already do this? And then some other people might say, is this search on my data, is this like closer to rag than to like a xr, like a public search thing? Like how, how do you segment like the different types of search?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: The way that I generally think about this is like, there's a lot of database companies and I think if you wanna build a really big database company, sort of, you need a couple of ingredients to be in the air.We don't, which only happens roughly every 15 years. You need a new workload. You basically need the ambition that every single company on earth is gonna have data in your database. Multiple times you look at a company like Oracle, right? You will, like, I don't think you can find a company on earth with a digital presence that it not, doesn't somehow have some data in an Oracle database.Right? And I think at this point, that's also true for Snowflake and Databricks, right? 15 years later it's, or even more than that, there's not a company on earth that doesn't, in. Or directly is consuming Snowflake or, or Databricks or any of the big analytics databases. Um, and I think we're in that kind of moment now, right?I don't think you're gonna find a company over the next few years that doesn't directly or indirectly, um, have all their data available for, for search and connect it to ai. So you need that new workload, like you need something to be happening where there's a new workload that causes that to happen, and that new workload is connecting very large amounts of data to ai.The second thing you need. The second condition to build a big database company is that you need some new underlying change in the storage architecture that is not possible from the databases that have come before you. If you look at Snowflake and Databricks, right, commoditized, like massive fleet of HDDs, like that was not possible in it.It just wasn't in the air in the nineties, right? So you just didn't, we just didn't build these systems. S3 and and and so on was not around. And I think the architecture that is now possible that wasn't possible 15 years ago is to go all in on NVME SSDs. It requires a particular type of architecture for the database that.It's difficult to retrofit onto the databases that are already there, including the ones you just mentioned. The second thing is to go all in on OIC storage, more so than we could have done 15 years ago. Like we don't have a consensus layer, we don't really have anything. In fact, you could turn off all the servers that Turbo Buffer has, and we would not lose any data because we have all completely all in on OIC storage.And this means that our architecture is just so simple. So that's the second condition, right? First being a new workload. That means that every company on earth, either indirectly or directly, is using your database. Second being, there's some new storage architecture. That means that the, the companies that have come before you can do what you're doing.I think the third thing you need to do to build a big database company is that over time you have to implement more or less every Cory plan on the data. What that means is that you. You can't just get stuck in, like, this is the one thing that a database does. It has to be ever evolving because when someone has data in the database, they over time expect to be able to ask it more or less every question.So you have to do that to get the storage architecture to the limit of what, what it's capable of. Those are the three conditions.swyx: I just wanted to get a little bit of like the motivation, right? Like, so you left Shopify, you're like principal, engineer, infra guy. Um, you also head of kernel labs, uh, inside of Shopify, right?And then you consulted for read wise and that it kind of gave you that, that idea. I just wanted you to tell that story. Um, maybe I, you've told it before, but, uh, just introduce the, the. People to like the, the new workload, the sort of aha moment for turbo PufferSimon Hørup Eskildsen: For sure. So yeah, I spent almost a decade at Shopify.I was on the infrastructure team, um, from the fairly, fairly early days around 2013. Um, at the time it felt like it was growing so quickly and everything, all the metrics were, you know, doubling year on year compared to the, what companies are contending with today. It's very cute in growth. I feel like lot some companies are seeing that month over month.Um, of course. Shopify compound has been compounding for a very long time now, but I spent a decade doing that and the majority of that was just make sure the site is up today and make sure it's up a year from now. And a lot of that was really just the, um, you know, uh, the Kardashians would drive very, very large amounts of, of data to, to uh, to Shopify as they were rotating through all the merch and building out their businesses.And we just needed to make sure we could handle that. Right. And sometimes these were events, a million requests per second. And so, you know, we, we had our own data centers back in the day and we were moving to the cloud and there was so much sharding work and all of that that we were doing. So I spent a decade just scaling databases ‘cause that's fundamentally what's the most difficult thing to scale about these sites.The database that was the most difficult for me to scale during that time, and that was the most aggravating to be on call for, was elastic search. It was very, very difficult to deal with. And I saw a lot of projects that were just being held back in their ambition by using it.swyx: And I mean, self-hosted.Self-hosted. ‘causeSimon Hørup Eskildsen: it's, yeah, and it commercial, this is like 2015, right? So it's like a very particular vintage. Right. It's probably better at a lot of these things now. Um, it was difficult to contend with and I'm just like, I just think about it. It's an inverted index. It should be good at these kinds of queries and do all of this.And it was, we, we often couldn't get it to do exactly what we needed to do or basically get lucine to do, like expose lucine raw to, to, to what we needed to do. Um, so that was like. Just something that we did on the side and just panic scaled when we needed to, but not a particular focus of mine. So I left, and when I left, I, um, wasn't sure exactly what I wanted to do.I mean, it spent like a decade inside of the same company. I'd like grown up there. I started working there when I was 18.swyx: You only do Rails?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. I mean, yeah. Rails. And he's a Rails guy. Uh, love Rails. So good. Um,Alessio: we all wish we could still work in Rails.swyx: I know know. I know, but some, I tried learning Ruby.It's just too much, like too many options to do the same thing. It's, that's my, I I know there's a, there's a way to do it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I love it. I don't know that I would use it now, like given cloud code and, and, and cursor and everything, but, um, um, but still it, like if I'm just sitting down and writing a teal code, that's how I think.But anyway, I left and I wasn't, I talked to a couple companies and I was like, I don't. I need to see a little bit more of the world here to know what I'm gonna like focus on next. Um, and so what I decided is like I was gonna, I called it like angel engineering, where I just hopped around in my friend's companies in three months increments and just helped them out with something.Right. And, and just vested a bit of equity and solved some interesting infrastructure problem. So I worked with a bunch of companies at the time, um, read Wise was one of them. Replicate was one of them. Um, causal, I dunno if you've tried this, it's like a, it's a spreadsheet engine Yeah. Where you can do distribution.They sold recently. Yeah. Um, we've been, we used that in fp and a at, um, at Turbo Puffer. Um, so a bunch of companies like this and it was super fun. And so we're the Chachi bt moment happened, I was with. With read Wise for a stint, we were preparing for the reader launch, right? Which is where you, you cue articles and read them later.And I was just getting their Postgres up to snuff, like, which basically boils down to tuning, auto vacuum. So I was doing that and then this happened and we were like, oh, maybe we should build a little recommendation engine and some features to try to hook in the lms. They were not that good yet, but it was clear there was something there.And so I built a small recommendation engine just, okay, let's take the articles that you've recently read, right? Like embed all the articles and then do recommendations. It was good enough that when I ran it on one of the co-founders of Rey's, like I found out that I got articles about, about having a child.I'm like, oh my God, I didn't, I, I didn't know that, that they were having a child. I wasn't sure what to do with that information, but the recommendation engine was good enough that it was suggesting articles, um, about that. And so there was, there was recommendations and uh, it actually worked really well.But this was a company that was spending maybe five grand a month in total on all their infrastructure and. When I did the napkin math on running the embeddings of all the articles, putting them into a vector index, putting it in prod, it's gonna be like 30 grand a month. That just wasn't tenable. Right?Like Read Wise is a proudly bootstrapped company and it's paying 30 grand for infrastructure for one feature versus five. It just wasn't tenable. So sort of in the bucket of this is useful, it's pretty good, but let us, let's return to it when the costs come down.swyx: Did you say it grows by feature? So for five to 30 is by the number of, like, what's the, what's the Scaling factor scale?It scales by the number of articles that you embed.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: It does, but what I meant by that is like five grand for like all of the other, like the Heroku, dinos, Postgres, like all the other, and this then storage is 30. Yeah. And then like 30 grand for one feature. Right. Which is like, what other articles are related to this one.Um, so it was just too much right to, to power everything. Their budget would've been maybe a few thousand dollars, which still would've been a lot. And so we put it in a bucket of, okay, we're gonna do that later. We'll wait, we will wait for the cost to come down. And that haunted me. I couldn't stop thinking about it.I was like, okay, there's clearly some latent demand here. If the cost had been a 10th, we would've shipped it and. This was really the only data point that I had. Right. I didn't, I, I didn't, I didn't go out and talk to anyone else. It was just so I started reading Right. I couldn't, I couldn't help myself.Like I didn't know what like a vector index is. I, I generally barely do about how to generate the vectors. There was a lot of hype about, this is a early 2023. There was a lot of hype about vector databases. There were raising a lot of money and it's like, I really didn't know anything about it. It's like, you know, trying these little models, fine tuning them.Like I was just trying to get sort of a lay of the land. So I just sat down. I have this. A GitHub repository called Napkin Math. And on napkin math, there's just, um, rows of like, oh, this is how much bandwidth. Like this is how many, you know, you can do 25 gigabytes per second on average to dram. You can do, you know, five gigabytes per second of rights to an SSD, blah blah.All of these numbers, right? And S3, how many you could do per, how much bandwidth can you drive per connection? I was just sitting down, I was like, why hasn't anyone build a database where you just put everything on O storage and then you puff it into NVME when you use the data and you puff it into dram if you're, if you're querying it alive, it's just like, this seems fairly obvious and you, the only real downside to that is that if you go all in on o storage, every right will take a couple hundred milliseconds of latency, but from there it's really all upside, right?You do the first go, it takes half a second. And it sort of occurred to me as like, well. The architecture is really good for that. It's really good for AB storage, it's really good for nvm ESSD. It's, well, you just couldn't have done that 10 years ago. Back to what we were talking about before. You really have to build a database where you have as few round trips as possible, right?This is how CPUs work today. It's how NVM E SSDs work. It's how as, um, as three works that you want to have a very large amount of outstanding requests, right? Like basically go to S3, do like that thousand requests to ask for data in one round trip. Wait for that. Get that, like, make a new decision. Do it again, and try to do that maybe a maximum of three times.But no databases were designed that way within NVME as is ds. You can drive like within, you know, within a very low multiple of DRAM bandwidth if you use it that way. And same with S3, right? You can fully max out the network card, which generally is not maxed out. You get very, like, very, very good bandwidth.And, but no one had built a database like that. So I was like, okay, well can't you just, you know, take all the vectors right? And plot them in the proverbial coordinate system. Get the clusters, put a file on S3 called clusters, do json, and then put another file for every cluster, you know, cluster one, do js O cluster two, do js ON you know that like it's two round trips, right?So you get the clusters, you find the closest clusters, and then you download the cluster files like the, the closest end. And you could do this in two round trips.swyx: You were nearest neighbors locally.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. Yes. And then, and you would build this, this file, right? It's just like ultra simplistic, but it's not a far shot from what the first version of Turbo Buffer was.Why hasn't anyone done thatAlessio: in that moment? From a workload perspective, you're thinking this is gonna be like a read heavy thing because they're doing recommend. Like is the fact that like writes are so expensive now? Oh, with ai you're actually not writing that much.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: At that point I hadn't really thought too much about, well no actually it was always clear to me that there was gonna be a lot of rights because at Shopify, the search clusters were doing, you know, I don't know, tens or hundreds of crew QPS, right?‘cause you just have to have a human sit and type in. But we did, you know, I don't know how many updates there were per second. I'm sure it was in the millions, right into the cluster. So I always knew there was like a 10 to 100 ratio on the read write. In the read wise use case. It's, um, even, even in the read wise use case, there'd probably be a lot fewer reads than writes, right?There's just a lot of churn on the amount of stuff that was going through versus the amount of queries. Um, I wasn't thinking too much about that. I was mostly just thinking about what's the fundamentally cheapest way to build a database in the cloud today using the primitives that you have available.And this is it, right? You just, now you have one machine and you know, let's say you have a terabyte of data in S3, you paid the $200 a month for that, and then maybe five to 10% of that data and needs to be an NV ME SSDs and less than that in dram. Well. You're paying very, very little to inflate the data.swyx: By the way, when you say no one else has done that, uh, would you consider Neon, uh, to be on a similar path in terms of being sort of S3 first and, uh, separating the compute and storage?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, I think what I meant with that is, uh, just build a completely new database. I don't know if we were the first, like it was very much, it was, I mean, I, I hadn't, I just looked at the napkin math and was like, this seems really obvious.So I'm sure like a hundred people came up with it at the same time. Like the light bulb and every invention ever. Right. It was just in the air. I think Neon Neon was, was first to it. And they're trying, they're retrofitted onto Postgres, right? And then they built this whole architecture where you have, you have it in memory and then you sort of.You know, m map back to S3. And I think that was very novel at the time to do it for, for all LTP, but I hadn't seen a database that was truly all in, right. Not retrofitting it. The database felt built purely for this no consensus layer. Even using compare and swap on optic storage to do consensus. I hadn't seen anyone go that all in.And I, I mean, there, there, I'm sure there was someone that did that before us. I don't know. I was just looking at the napkin mathswyx: and, and when you say consensus layer, uh, are you strongly relying on S3 Strong consistency? You are. Okay.SoSimon Hørup Eskildsen: that is your consensus layer. It, it is the consistency layer. And I think also, like, this is something that most people don't realize, but S3 only became consistent in December of 2020.swyx: I remember this coming out during COVID and like people were like, oh, like, it was like, uh, it was just like a free upgrade.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah.swyx: They were just, they just announced it. We saw consistency guys and like, okay, cool.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: And I'm sure that they just, they probably had it in prod for a while and they're just like, it's done right.And people were like, okay, cool. But. That's a big moment, right? Like nv, ME SSDs, were also not in the cloud until around 2017, right? So you just sort of had like 2017 nv, ME SSDs, and people were like, okay, cool. There's like one skew that does this, whatever, right? Takes a few years. And then the second thing is like S3 becomes consistent in 2020.So now it means you don't have to have this like big foundation DB or like zookeeper or whatever sitting there contending with the keys, which is how. You know, that's what Snowflake and others have do so muchswyx: for goneSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Exactly. Just gone. Right? And so just push to the, you know, whatever, how many hundreds of people they have working on S3 solved and then compare and swap was not in S3 at this point in time,swyx: by the way.Uh, I don't know what that is, so maybe you wanna explain. Yes. Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. So, um, what Compare and swap is, is basically, you can imagine that if you have a database, it might be really nice to have a file called metadata json. And metadata JSON could say things like, Hey, these keys are here and this file means that, and there's lots of metadata that you have to operate in the database, right?But that's the simplest way to do it. So now you have might, you might have a lot of servers that wanna change the metadata. They might have written a file and want the metadata to contain that file. But you have a hundred nodes that are trying to contend with this metadata that JSON well, what compare and Swap allows you to do is basically just you download the file, you make the modifications, and then you write it only if it hasn't changed.While you did the modification and if not you retry. Right? Should just have this retry loops. Now you can imagine if you have a hundred nodes doing that, it's gonna be really slow, but it will converge over time. That primitive was not available in S3. It wasn't available in S3 until late 2024, but it was available in GCP.The real story of this is certainly not that I sat down and like bake brained it. I was like, okay, we're gonna start on GCS S3 is gonna get it later. Like it was really not that we started, we got really lucky, like we started on GCP and we started on GCP because tur um, Shopify ran on GCP. And so that was the platform I was most available with.Right. Um, and I knew the Canadian team there ‘cause I'd worked with them at Shopify and so it was natural for us to start there. And so when we started building the database, we're like, oh yeah, we have to build a, we really thought we had to build a consensus layer, like have a zookeeper or something to do this.But then we discovered the compare and swap. It's like, oh, we can kick the can. Like we'll just do metadata r json and just, it's fine. It's probably fine. Um, and we just kept kicking the can until we had very, very strong conviction in the idea. Um, and then we kind of just hinged the company on the fact that S3 probably was gonna get this, it started getting really painful in like mid 2024.‘cause we were closing deals with, um, um, notion actually that was running in AWS and we're like, trust us. You, you really want us to run this in GCP? And they're like, no, I don't know about that. Like, we're running everything in AWS and the latency across the cloud were so big and we had so much conviction that we bought like, you know, dark fiber between the AWS regions in, in Oregon, like in the InterExchange and GCP is like, we've never seen a startup like do like, what's going on here?And we're just like, no, we don't wanna do this. We were tuning like TCP windows, like everything to get the latency down ‘cause we had so high conviction in not doing like a, a metadata layer on S3. So those were the three conditions, right? Compare and swap. To do metadata, which wasn't in S3 until late 2024 S3 being consistent, which didn't happen until December, 2020.Uh, 2020. And then NVMe ssd, which didn't end in the cloud until 2017.swyx: I mean, in some ways, like a very big like cloud success story that like you were able to like, uh, put this all together, but also doing things like doing, uh, bind our favor. That that actually is something I've never heard.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I mean, it's very common when you're a big company, right?You're like connecting your own like data center or whatever. But it's like, it was uniquely just a pain with notion because the, um, the org, like most of the, like if you're buying in Ashburn, Virginia, right? Like US East, the Google, like the GCP and, and AWS data centers are like within a millisecond on, on each other, on the public exchanges.But in Oregon uniquely, the GCP data center sits like a couple hundred kilometers, like east of Portland and the AWS region sits in Portland, but the network exchange they go through is through Seattle. So it's like a full, like 14 milliseconds or something like that. And so anyway, yeah. It's, it's, so we were like, okay, we can't, we have to go through an exchange in Portland.Yeah. Andswyx: you'd rather do this than like run your zookeeper and likeSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. Way rather. It doesn't have state, I don't want state and two systems. Um, and I think all that is just informed by Justine, my co-founder and I had just been on call for so long. And the worst outages are the ones where you have state in multiple places that's not syncing up.So it really came from, from a a, like just a, a very pure source of pain, of just imagining what we would be Okay. Being woken up at 3:00 AM about and having something in zookeeper was not one of them.swyx: You, you're talking to like a notion or something. Do they care or do they just, theySimon Hørup Eskildsen: just, they care about latency.swyx: They latency cost. That's it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: They just cared about latency. Right. And we just absorbed the cost. We're just like, we have high conviction in this. At some point we can move them to AWS. Right. And so we just, we, we'll buy the fiber, it doesn't matter. Right. Um, and it's like $5,000. Usually when you buy fiber, you buy like multiple lines.And we're like, we can only afford one, but we will just test it that when it goes over the public internet, it's like super smooth. And so we did a lot of, anyway, it's, yeah, it was, that's cool.Alessio: You can imagine talking to the GCP rep and it's like, no, we're gonna buy, because we know we're gonna turn, we're gonna turn from you guys and go to AWS in like six months.But in the meantime we'll do this. It'sSimon Hørup Eskildsen: a, I mean, like they, you know, this workload still runs on GCP for what it's worth. Right? ‘cause it's so, it was just, it was so reliable. So it was never about moving off GCP, it was just about honesty. It was just about giving notion the latency that they deserved.Right. Um, and we didn't want ‘em to have to care about any of this. We also, they were like, oh, egress is gonna be bad. It was like, okay, screw it. Like we're just gonna like vvc, VPC peer with you and AWS we'll eat the cost. Yeah. Whatever needs to be done.Alessio: And what were the actual workloads? Because I think when you think about ai, it's like 14 milliseconds.It's like really doesn't really matter in the scheme of like a model generation.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. We were told the latency, right. That we had to beat. Oh, right. So, so we're just looking at the traces. Right. And then sort of like hand draw, like, you know, kind of like looking at the trace and then thinking what are the other extensions of the trace?Right. And there's a lot more to it because it's also when you have, if you have 14 versus seven milliseconds, right. You can fit in another round trip. So we had to tune TCP to try to send as much data in every round trip, prewarm all the connections. And there was, there's a lot of things that compound from having these kinds of round trips, but in the grand scheme it was just like, well, we have to beat the latency of whatever we're up against.swyx: Which is like they, I mean, notion is a database company. They could have done this themselves. They, they do lots of database engineering themselves. How do you even get in the door? Like Yeah, just like talk through that kind of.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Last time I was in San Francisco, I was talking to one of the engineers actually, who, who was one of our champions, um, at, AT Notion.And they were, they were just trying to make sure that the, you know, per user cost matched the economics that they needed. You know, Uhhuh like, it's like the way I think about, it's like I have to earn a return on whatever the clouds charge me and then my customers have to earn a return on that. And it's like very simple, right?And so there has to be gross margin all the way up and that's how you build the product. And so then our customers have to make the right set of trade off the turbo Puffer makes, and if they're happy with that, that's great.swyx: Do you feel like you're competing with build internally versus buy or buy versus buy?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so, sorry, this was all to build up to your question. So one of the notion engineers told me that they'd sat and probably on a napkin, like drawn out like, why hasn't anyone built this? And then they saw terrible. It was like, well, it literally that. So, and I think AI has also changed the buy versus build equation in terms of, it's not really about can we build it, it's about do we have time to build it?I think they like, I think they felt like, okay, if this is a team that can do that and they, they feel enough like an extension of our team, well then we can go a lot faster, which would be very, very good for them. And I mean, they put us through the, through the test, right? Like we had some very, very long nights to to, to do that POC.And they were really our biggest, our second big customer off the cursor, which also was a lot of late nights. Right.swyx: Yeah. That, I mean, should we go into that story? The, the, the sort of Chris's story, like a lot, um, they credit you a lot for. Working very closely with them. So I just wanna hear, I've heard this, uh, story from Sole's point of view, but like, I'm curious what, what it looks like from your side.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I actually haven't heard it from Sole's point of view, so maybe you can now cross reference it. The way that I remember it was that, um, the day after we launched, which was just, you know, I'd worked the whole summer on, on the first version. Justine wasn't part of it yet. ‘cause I just, I didn't tell anyone that summer that I was working on this.I was just locked in on building it because it's very easy otherwise to confuse talking about something to actually doing it. And so I was just like, I'm not gonna do that. I'm just gonna do the thing. I launched it and at this point turbo puffer is like a rust binary running on a single eight core machine in a T Marks instance.And me deploying it was like looking at the request log and then like command seeing it or like control seeing it to just like, okay, there's no request. Let's upgrade the binary. Like it was like literally the, the, the, the scrappiest thing. You could imagine it was on purpose because just like at Shopify, we did that all the time.Like, we like move, like we ran things in tux all the time to begin with. Before something had like, at least the inkling of PMF, it was like, okay, is anyone gonna hear about this? Um, and one of the cursor co-founders Arvid reached out and he just, you know, the, the cursor team are like all I-O-I-I-M-O like, um, contenders, right?So they just speak in bullet points and, and facts. It was like this amazing email exchange just of, this is how many QPS we have, this is what we're paying, this is where we're going, blah, blah, blah. And so we're just conversing in bullet points. And I tried to get a call with them a few times, but they were, so, they were like really writing the PMF bowl here, just like late 2023.And one time Swally emails me at like five. What was it like 4:00 AM Pacific time saying like, Hey, are you open for a call now? And I'm on the East coast and I, it was like 7:00 AM I was like, yeah, great, sure, whatever. Um, and we just started talking and something. Then I didn't know anything about sales.It was something that just comp compelled me. I have to go see this team. Like, there's something here. So I, I went to San Francisco and I went to their office and the way that I remember it is that Postgres was down when I showed up at the office. Did SW tell you this? No. Okay. So Postgres was down and so it's like they were distracting with that.And I was trying my best to see if I could, if I could help in any way. Like I knew a little bit about databases back to tuning, auto vacuum. It was like, I think you have to tune out a vacuum. Um, and so we, we talked about that and then, um, that evening just talked about like what would it look like, what would it look like to work with us?And I just said. Look like we're all in, like we will just do what we'll do whatever, whatever you tell us, right? They migrated everything over the next like week or two, and we reduced their cost by 95%, which I think like kind of fixed their per user economics. Um, and it solved a lot of other things. And we were just, Justine, this is also when I asked Justine to come on as my co-founder, she was the best engineer, um, that I ever worked with at Shopify.She lived two blocks away and we were just, okay, we're just gonna get this done. Um, and we did, and so we helped them migrate and we just worked like hell over the next like month or two to make sure that we were never an issue. And that was, that was the cursor story. Yeah.swyx: And, and is code a different workload than normal text?I, I don't know. Is is it just text? Is it the same thing?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so cursor's workload is basically, they, um, they will embed the entire code base, right? So they, they will like chunk it up in whatever they would, they do. They have their own embedding model, um, which they've been public about. Um, and they find that on, on, on their evals.It. There's one of their evals where it's like a 25% improvement on a very particular workload. They have a bunch of blog posts about it. Um, I think it works best on larger code basis, but they've trained their own embedding model to do this. Um, and so you'll see it if you use the cursor agent, it will do searches.And they've also been public around, um, how they've, I think they post trained their model to be very good at semantic search as well. Um, and that's, that's how they use it. And so it's very good at, like, can you find me on the code that's similar to this, or code that does this? And just in, in this queries, they also use GR to supplement it.swyx: Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, of courseswyx: it's been a big topic of discussion like, is rag dead because gr you know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: and I mean like, I just, we, we see lots of demand from the coding company to ethicsswyx: search in every part. Yes.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Uh, we, we, we see demand. And so, I mean, I'm. I like case studies. I don't like, like just doing like thought pieces on this is where it's going.And like trying to be all macroeconomic about ai, that's has turned out to be a giant waste of time because no one can really predict any of this. So I just collect case studies and I mean, cursor has done a great job talking about what they're doing and I hope some of the other coding labs that use Turbo Puffer will do the same.Um, but it does seem to make a difference for particular queries. Um, I mean we can also do text, we can also do RegX, but I should also say that cursors like security posture into Tur Puffer is exceptional, right? They have their own embedding model, which makes it very difficult to reverse engineer. They obfuscate the file paths.They like you. It's very difficult to learn anything about a code base by looking at it. And the other thing they do too is that for their customers, they encrypt it with their encryption keys in turbo puffer's bucket. Um, so it's, it's, it's really, really well designed.swyx: And so this is like extra stuff they did to work with you because you are not part of Cursor.Exactly like, and this is just best practice when working in any database, not just you guys. Okay. Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah. I think for me, like the, the, the learning is kind of like you, like all workloads are hybrid. Like, you know, uh, like you, you want the semantic, you want the text, you want the RegX, you want sql.I dunno. Um, but like, it's silly to like be all in on like one particularly query pattern.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think, like I really like the way that, um, um, that swally at cursor talks about it, which is, um, I'm gonna butcher it here. Um, and you know, I'm a, I'm a database scalability person. I'm not a, I, I dunno anything about training models other than, um, what the internet tells me and what.The way he describes is that this is just like cash compute, right? It's like you have a point in time where you're looking at some particular context and focused on some chunk and you say, this is the layer of the neural net at this point in time. That seems fundamentally really useful to do cash compute like that.And, um, how the value of that will change over time. I'm, I'm not sure, but there seems to be a lot of value in that.Alessio: Maybe talk a bit about the evolution of the workload, because even like search, like maybe two years ago it was like one search at the start of like an LLM query to build the context. Now you have a gentech search, however you wanna call it, where like the model is both writing and changing the code and it's searching it again later.Yeah. What are maybe some of the new types of workloads or like changes you've had to make to your architecture for it?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think you're right. When I think of rag, I think of, Hey, there's an 8,000 token, uh, context window and you better make it count. Um, and search was a way to do that now. Everything is moving towards the, just let the agent do its thing.Right? And so back to the thing before, right? The LLM is very good at reasoning with the data, and so we're just the tool call, right? And that's increasingly what we see our customers doing. Um, what we're seeing more demand from, from our customers now is to do a lot of concurrency, right? Like Notion does a ridiculous amount of queries in every round trip just because they can't.And I'm also now, when I use the cursor agent, I also see them doing more concurrency than I've ever seen before. So a bit similar to how we designed a database to drive as much concurrency in every round trip as possible. That's also what the agents are doing. So that's new. It means just an enormous amount of queries all at once to the dataset while it's warm in as few turns as possible.swyx: Can I clarify one thing on that?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes.swyx: Is it, are they batching multiple users or one user is driving multiple,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: one user driving multiple, one agent driving.swyx: It's parallel searching a bunch of things.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Exactly.swyx: Yeah. Yeah, exactly. So yeah, the clinician also did, did this for the fast context thing, like eight parallel at once.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes.swyx: And, and like an interesting problem is, well, how do you make sure you have enough diversity so you're not making the the same request eight times?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: And I think like that's probably also where the hybrid comes in, where. That's another way to diversify. It's a completely different way to, to do the search.That's a big change, right? So before it was really just like one call and then, you know, the LLM took however many seconds to return, but now we just see an enormous amount of queries. So the, um, we just see more queries. So we've like tried to reduce query, we've reduced query pricing. Um, this is probably the first time actually I'm saying that, but the query pricing is being reduced, like five x.Um, and we'll probably try to reduce it even more to accommodate some of these workloads of just doing very large amounts of queries. Um, that's one thing that's changed. I think the right, the right ratio is still very high, right? Like there's still a, an enormous amount of rights per read, but we're starting probably to see that change if people really lean into this pattern.Alessio: Can we talk a little bit about the pricing? I'm curious, uh, because traditionally a database would charge on storage, but now you have the token generation that is so expensive, where like the actual. Value of like a good search query is like much higher because they're like saving inference time down the line.How do you structure that as like, what are people receptive to on the other side too?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. I, the, the turbo puffer pricing in the beginning was just very simple. The pricing on these on for search engines before Turbo Puffer was very server full, right? It was like, here's the vm, here's the per hour cost, right?Great. And I just sat down with like a piece of paper and said like, if Turbo Puffer was like really good, this is probably what it would cost with a little bit of margin. And that was the first pricing of Turbo Puffer. And I just like sat down and I was like, okay, like this is like probably the storage amp, but whenever on a piece of paper I, it was vibe pricing.It was very vibe price, and I got it wrong. Oh. Um, well I didn't get it wrong, but like Turbo Puffer wasn't at the first principle pricing, right? So when Cursor came on Turbo Puffer, it was like. Like, I didn't know any VCs. I didn't know, like I was just like, I don't know, I didn't know anything about raising money or anything like that.I just saw that my GCP bill was, was high, was a lot higher than the cursor bill. So Justine and I was just like, well, we have to optimize it. Um, and I mean, to the chagrin now of, of it, of, of the VCs, it now means that we're profitable because we've had so much pricing pressure in the beginning. Because it was running on my credit card and Justine and I had spent like, like tens of thousands of dollars on like compute bills and like spinning off the company and like very like, like bad Canadian lawyers and like things like to like get all of this done because we just like, we didn't know.Right. If you're like steeped in San Francisco, you're just like, you just know. Okay. Like you go out, raise a pre-seed round. I, I never heard a word pre-seed at this point in time.swyx: When you had Cursor, you had Notion you, you had no funding.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, with Cursor we had no funding. Yeah. Um, by the time we had Notion Locke was, Locke was here.Yeah. So it was really just, we vibe priced it 100% from first Principles, but it wasn't, it, it was not performing at first principles, so we just did everything we could to optimize it in the beginning for that, so that at least we could have like a 5% margin or something. So I wasn't freaking out because Cursor's bill was also going like this as they were growing.And so my liability and my credit limit was like actively like calling my bank. It was like, I need a bigger credit. Like it was, yeah. Anyway, that was the beginning. Yeah. But the pricing was, yeah, like storage rights and query. Right. And the, the pricing we have today is basically just that pricing with duct tape and spit to try to approach like, you know, like a, as a margin on the physical underlying hardware.And we're doing this year, you're gonna see more and more pricing changes from us. Yeah.swyx: And like is how much does stuff like VVC peering matter because you're working in AWS land where egress is charged and all that, you know.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: We probably don't like, we have like an enterprise plan that just has like a base fee because we haven't had time to figure out SKU pricing for all of this.Um, but I mean, yeah, you can run turbo puffer either in SaaS, right? That's what Cursor does. You can run it in a single tenant cluster. So it's just you. That's what Notion does. And then you can run it in, in, in BYOC where everything is inside the customer's VPC, that's what an for example, philanthropic does.swyx: What I'm hearing is that this is probably the best CRO job for somebody who can come in and,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I mean,swyx: help you with this.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, like Turbo Puffer hired, like, I don't know what, what number this was, but we had a full-time CFO as like the 12th hire or something at Turbo Puffer, um, I think I hear are a lot of comp.I don't know how they do it. Like they have a hundred employees and not a CFO. It's like having a CFO is like a runningswyx: business man. Like, you know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: it's so good. Yeah, like money Mike, like he just, you know, just handles the money and a lot of the business stuff and so he came in and just hopped with a lot of the operational side of the business.So like C-O-O-C-F-O, like somewhere in between.swyx: Just as quick mention of Lucky, just ‘cause I'm curious, I've met Lock and like, he's obviously a very good investor and now on physical intelligence, um, I call it generalist super angel, right? He invests in everything. Um, and I always wonder like, you know, is there something appealing about focusing on developer tooling, focusing on databases, going like, I've invested for 10 years in databases versus being like a lock where he can maybe like connect you to all the customers that you need.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: This is an excellent question. No, no one's asked me this. Um, why lockey? Because. There was a couple of people that we were talking to at the time and when we were raising, we were almost a little, we were like a bit distressed because one of our, one of our peers had just launched something that was very similar to Turbo Puffer.And someone just gave me the advice at the time of just choose the person where you just feel like you can just pick up the phone and not prepare anything. And just be completely honest, and I don't think I've said this publicly before, but I just called Lockey and was like local Lockie. Like if this doesn't have PMF by the end of the year, like we'll just like return all the money to you.But it's just like, I don't really, we, Justine and I don't wanna work on this unless it's really working. So we want to give it the best shot this year and like we're really gonna go for it. We're gonna hire a bunch of people and we're just gonna be honest with everyone. Like when I don't know how to play a game, I just play with open cards and.Lockey was the only person that didn't, that didn't freak out. He was like, I've never heard anyone say that before. As I said, I didn't even know what a seed or pre-seed round was like before, probably even at this time. So I was just like very honest with him. And I asked him like, Lockie, have you ever have, have you ever invested in database company?He was just like, no. And at the time I was like, am I dumb? Like, but I think there was something that just like really drew me to Lockie. He is so authentic, so honest, like, and there was something just like, I just felt like I could just play like, just say everything openly. And that was, that was, I think that that was like a perfect match at the time, and, and, and honestly still is.He was just like, okay, that's great. This is like the most honest, ridiculous thing I've ever heard anyone say to me. But like that, like that, whyswyx: is this ridiculous? Say competitor launch, this may not work out. It wasSimon Hørup Eskildsen: more just like. If this doesn't work out, I'm gonna close up shop by the end of the mo the year, right?Like it was, I don't know, maybe it's common. I, I don't know. He told me it was uncommon. I don't know. Um, that's why we chose him and he'd been phenomenal. The other people were talking at the, at the time were database experts. Like they, you know, knew a lot about databases and Locke didn't, this turned out to be a phenomenal asset.Right. I like Justine and I know a lot about databases. The people that we hire know a lot about databases. What we needed was just someone who didn't know a lot about databases, didn't pretend to know a lot about databases, and just wanted to help us with candidates and customers. And he did. Yeah. And I have a list, right, of the investors that I have a relationship with, and Lockey has just performed excellent in the number of sub bullets of what we can attribute back to him.Just absolutely incredible. And when people talk about like no ego and just the best thing for the founder, I like, I don't think that anyone, like even my lawyer is like, yeah, Lockey is like the most friendly person you will find.swyx: Okay. This is my most glow recommendation I've ever heard.Alessio: He deserves it.He's very special.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Amazing.Alessio: Since you mentioned candidates, maybe we can talk about team building, you know, like, especially in sf, it feels like it's just easier to start a company than to join a company. Uh, I'm curious your experience, especially not being n SF full-time and doing something that is maybe, you know, a very low level of detail and technical detail.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. So joining versus starting, I never thought that I would be a founder. I would start with it, like Turbo Puffer started as a blog post, and then it became a project and then sort of almost accidentally became a company. And now it feels like it's, it's like becoming a bigger company. That was never the intention.The intentions were very pure. It's just like, why hasn't anyone done this? And it's like, I wanna be the, like, I wanna be the first person to do it. I think some founders have this, like, I could never work for anyone else. I, I really don't feel that way. Like, it's just like, I wanna see this happen. And I wanna see it happen with some people that I really enjoy working with and I wanna have fun doing it and this, this, this has all felt very natural on that, on that sense.So it was never a like join versus versus versus found. It was just dis found me at the right moment.Alessio: Well I think there's an argument for, you should have joined Cursor, right? So I'm curious like how you evaluate it. Okay, I should actually go raise money and make this a company versus like, this is like a company that is like growing like crazy.It's like an interesting technical problem. I should just build it within Cursor and then they don't have to encrypt all this stuff. They don't have to obfuscate things. Like was that on your mind at all orSimon Hørup Eskildsen: before taking the, the small check from Lockie, I did have like a hard like look at myself in the mirror of like, okay, do I really want to do this?And because if I take the money, I really have to do it right. And so the way I almost think about it's like you kind of need to ha like you kind of need to be like fucked up enough to want to go all the way. And that was the conversation where I was like, okay, this is gonna be part of my life's journey to build this company and do it in the best way that I possibly can't.Because if I ask people to join me, ask people to get on the cap table, then I have an ultimate responsibility to give it everything. And I don't, I think some people, it doesn't occur to me that everyone takes it that seriously. And maybe I take it too seriously, I don't know. But that was like a very intentional moment.And so then it was very clear like, okay, I'm gonna do this and I'm gonna give it everything.Alessio: A lot of people don't take it this seriously. But,swyx: uh, let's talk about, you have this concept of the P 99 engineer. Uh, people are 10 x saying, everyone's saying, you know, uh, maybe engineers are out of a job. I don't know.But you definitely see a P 99 engineer, and I just want you to talk about it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so the P 99 engineer was just a term that we started using internally to talk about candidates and talk about how we wanted to build the company. And you know, like everyone else is, like we want a talent dense company.And I think that's almost become trite at this point. What I credit the cursor founders a lot with is that they just arrived there from first principles of like, we just need a talent dense, um, talent dense team. And I think I've seen some teams that weren't talent dense and like seemed a counterfactual run, which if you've run in been in a large company, you will just see that like it's just logically will happen at a large company.Um, and so that was super important to me and Justine and it's very difficult to maintain. And so we just needed, we needed wording for it. And so I have a document called Traits of the P 99 Engineer, and it's a bullet point list. And I look at that list after every single interview that I do, and in every single recap that we do and every recap we end with.End with, um, some version of I'm gonna reject this candidate completely regardless of what the discourse was, because I wanna see people fight for this person because the default should not be, we're gonna hire this person. The default should be, we're definitely not hiring this person. And you know, if everyone was like, ah, maybe throw a punch, then this is not the right.swyx: Do, do you operate, like if there's one cha there must have at least one champion who's like, yes, I will put my career on, on, on the line for this. You know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think career on the line,swyx: maybe a chair, butSimon Hørup Eskildsen: yeah. You know, like, um, I would say so someone needs to like, have both fists up and be like, I'd fight.Right? Yeah. Yeah. And if one person said, then, okay, let's do it. Right?swyx: Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um. It doesn't have to be absolutely everyone. Right? And like the interviews are always the sign that you're checking for different attributes. And if someone is like knocking it outta the park in every single attribute, that's, that's fairly rare.Um, but that's really important. And so the traits of the P 99 engineer, there's lots of them. There's also the traits of the p like triple nine engineer and the quadruple nine engineer. This is like, it's a long list.swyx: Okay.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, I'll give you some samples, right. Of what we, what we look for. I think that the P 99 engineer has some history of having bent, like their trajectory or something to their will.Right? Some moment where it was just, they just, you know, made the computer do what it needed to do. There's something like that, and it will, it will occur to have them at some point in their career. And, uh. Hopefully multiple times. Right.swyx: Gimme an example of one of your engineers that like,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I'll give an eng.Uh, so we, we, we launched this thing called A and NV three. Um, we could, we're also, we're working on V four and V five right now, but a and NV three can search a hundred billion vectors with a P 50 of around 40 milliseconds and a p 99 of 200 milliseconds. Um, maybe other people have done this, I'm sure Google and others have done this, but, uh, we haven't seen anyone, um, at least not in like a public consumable SaaS that can do this.And that was an engineer, the chief architect of Turbo Puffer, Nathan, um, who more or less just bent this, the software was not capable of this and he just made it capable for a very particular workload in like a, you know, six to eight week period with the help of a lot of the team. Right. It's been, been, there's numerous of examples of that, like at, at turbo puff, but that's like really bending the software and X 86 to your will.It was incredible to watch. Um. You wanna see some moments like that?swyx: Isn't that triple nine?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, I think Nathan, what's calledAlessio: group nine, that was only nine. I feel like this is too high forSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Nathan. Nathan is, uh, Nathan is like, yeah, there's a lot of nines. Okay. After that p So I think that's one trait. I think another trait is that, uh, the P 99 spends a lot of time looking at maps.Generally it's their preferred ux. They just love looking at maps. You ever seen someone who just like, sits on their phone and just like, scrolls around on a map? Or did you not look at maps A lot? You guys don't look atswyx: maps? I guess I'm not feeling there. I don't know, butSimon Hørup Eskildsen: you just dis What about trains?Do you like trains?swyx: Uh, I mean they, not enough. Okay. This is just like weapon nice. Autism is what I call it. Like, like,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: um, I love looking at maps, like, it's like my preferred UX and just like I, you know, I likeswyx: lotsAlessio: of, of like random places, soswyx: like,youswyx: know.Alessio: Yes. Okay. There you go. So instead of like random places, like how do you explore the maps?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: No, it's, it's just a joke.swyx: It's autism laugh. It's like you are just obsessed by something and you like studying a thing.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: The origin of this was that at some point I read an interview with some IOI gold medalistswyx: Uhhuh,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: and it's like, what do you do in your spare time? I was just like, I like looking at maps.I was like, I feel so seen. Like, I just like love, like swirling out. I was like, oh, Canada is so big. Where's Baffin Island? I don't know. I love it. Yeah. Um, anyway, so the traits of P 99, P 99 is obsessive, right? Like, there's just like, you'll, you'll find traits of that we do an interview at, at, at, at turbo puffer or like multiple interviews that just try to screen for some of these things.Um, so. There's lots of others, but these are the kinds of traits that we look for.swyx: I'll tell you, uh, some people listen for like some of my dere stuff. Uh, I do think about derel as maps. Um, you draw a map for people, uh, maps show you the, uh, what is commonly agreed to be the geographical features of what a boundary is.And it shows also shows you what is not doing. And I, I think a lot of like developer tools, companies try to tell you they can do everything, but like, let's, let's be real. Like you, your, your three landmarks are here, everyone comes here, then here, then here, and you draw a map and, and then you draw a journey through the map.And like that. To me, that's what developer relations looks like. So I do think about things that way.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think the P 99 thinks in offs, right? The P 99 is very clear about, you know, hey, turbo puffer, you can't run a high transaction workload on turbo puffer, right? It's like the right latency is a hundred milliseconds.That's a clear trade off. I think the P 99 is very good at articulating the trade offs in every decision. Um. Which is exactly what the map is in your case, right?swyx: Uh, yeah, yeah. My, my, my world. My world.Alessio: How, how do you reconcile some of these things when you're saying you bend the will the computer versus like the trade

A Month ago, Ty and TDP Producer Gene Sticco Journeyed to WASHINGTON DC for the James Fox National Press Club Event- Surrounding the Varginha UFO incident. We sat down with US Congressman Eric Burlison- who was in attendance to get his thoughts on the State of Disclosure And International Cooperation On The UFO topic. LINK THREAD—https://allmylinks.com/total-disclosure Subscribe to the channel on YouTube—— www.youtube.com/@totaldisclosure Support TY and TDP Studios directly VIA PayPal (No FEES)— https://www.paypal.me/TDPstudios767?locale.x=en_US YOUTUBE MEMBER—-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy2Cra7aLAAMVxkA9rSYCxg/join PATREON MEMBER—https://www.patreon.com/Total_Disclosure?fan_landing=true&view_as=public Follow On X—- Www.X.com/@DisclosurePod Instagram—- www.instagram.com/DisclosurePod Facebook----Facebook.com/@ty.totaldisclosureBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/total-disclosure-podcast--5975113/support.CONTACT TDP DIRECTLY For Collaboration, Use of Segments/clips, or any other media produced by “TDP” —TY.TotalDisclosure@gmail.comSpecial Thank you to all of our PODCAST/YouTube Channel Members for your continued support, and dedication to seeking the truth, together. We can't do this WITHOUT YOU!-COPYRIGHT-2020-Copyright Disclaimer: Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, commenting, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. Total Disclosure Podcast Copyright 2020 and …  segments, early access to interviews, and a yearly gift autographed by yours truly!thank you in advance now, Let's explore the unknown together!

ABOUT THE EPISODEListen in as David Schrock and Brad Green interview Stephen Wellum on his COA Longform, "Reflections on the Retrieval of Classical Theism in Evangelical Theology"Timestamps00:41 – Intro04:45 – What is Classical Theism and How Do We Define That Term?07:55 – The Development of the Doctrine of the Trinity11:54 – The Neo Calvinists to Modern Evangelicalism15:33 – Brad Green's Time at Southern and Influence of Augustine18:20 – It Matters Who You You're Influenced By24:19 – Social Trinitarianism29:34 –Psychological and Philosophical Traditions & Influences33:34 – The Economical and Ontological Trinity36:07 – The Distinction Between God Himself and God in the World42:06 – Eternal Functional Subordination51:31 – How Did Augustine Help Brad Green When Thinking Through EFS?55:21 – The Divine Ordering1:00:56 – Aquinas and The Doctrine of God1:05:43 – Dr. Brad Green's Life Update1:06:52 – OutroResources to Click“Reflections on the Retrieval of Classical Theism in Evangelical Theology” – Stephen J. Wellum“Does Complementarianism Depend on ERAS?: A Response to Kevin Giles, “The Trinity Argument for Women's Subordination” – Stephen J. WellumTheme of the Month: The God Who Is There: Contemplating the Doctrine of GodGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadSystematic Theology: From Canon to Concept, Vol. 1 – Stephen J. WellumReformed Dogmatics – Herman BavinckReformed Dogmatics – Geerhardus VosChristianity and Liberalism – J. Gresham MachenEternal God: A Study of God Without Time – Paul HelmThe Openness of God – Clark PinnockNicaea and its Legacy: An Approach to Fourth-Century Trinitarian Theology – Lewis AyresPost-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics – Richard MullerThe Holy Trinity: In Scripture, History Theology, and Worship – Robert Letham

Against a backdrop of violent anti-semitic and anti-indigenous attacks and the relaxation of police restraints in response to them, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras organizers are faced with twin controversies: the withdrawal of the Jewish group Dayenu from the event and demands for the expulsion of the New South Wales Police contingent. Veteran activist Ken Davis explains the situation (Barry McKay reports). New Yorkers defy the Trump administration and replace the rainbow flag the government “disappeared” from the Stonewall National Monument (Paul DeRienzo of WBAI reports). A Black History Month Rainbow Rewind honors Langston Hughes (produced by Sheri Lunn and Brian DeShazor). And in NewWrap: the European Parliament approves a resolution specifically calling for “the full recognition of trans women as women,” HIV-positive enlistees are once again banned from serving in the U.S. military, intersex children are now protected from undergoing unnecessary medical procedures without their informed consent in the Australian state of Victoria, Kansans can now sue if they're upset after sharing a bathroom with a trans person, U.S. Olympic women's ice hockey team captain Hilary Knight leads her team to gold and plans to lead speed skater Brittany Bowe to the altar, and more international LGBTQ news reported this week by Nico Raquel and Ret (produced by Brian DeShazor). All this on the February 23, 2026 edition of This Way Out! Join our family of listener-donors today at thiswayout.org/donate/.

https://www.theforbiddenknowledgenetwork.comWhen a memo marked with a suspiciously low classification emerged from the Department of Defense in December 2020, it sent shockwaves through the conspiracy theory community. The document mentioned the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, which was previously acknowledged but dismissed as defunct. However, the memo hinted at ongoing operations, contradicting public statements from the Pentagon. The memo's existence is undeniable, yet it leaves a chasm between official narratives and what appears to be a hidden reality.The Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program is a complex web of political and institutional frameworks, designed for obfuscation rather than transparency. Its sustenance relies on covert funding mechanisms and operates at the intersection of multiple agencies, including the Department of Defense, the Intelligence Community, and NASA. The program's secrecy mechanisms are sophisticated and pervasive, creating a hierarchy of knowledge that is nearly impervious to external scrutiny. Yet, the very mechanisms designed to safeguard the program's secrecy also create vulnerabilities, as any breach can have cascading effects. As we delve into this shadowy domain, we are left to ponder the true extent of what remains hidden behind the classified doors of the Pentagon.

ABOUT THE EPISODESometimes an old compass is all you need to make it back home, and so it is with the church's Nicene doctrine of God.Resources to Click· “Reflections on the Retrieval of Classical Theism in Evangelical Theology” – Stephen J. Wellum· “Does Complementarianism Depend on ERAS?: A Response to Kevin Giles, “The Trinity Argument for Women's Subordination” – Stephen J. Wellum· Theme of the Month: The God Who Is There: Contemplating the Doctrine of God· Give to Support the Work Books to Read· Systematic Theology: From Canon to Concept, Vol. 1 – Stephen J. Wellum· Reformed Dogmatics – Herman Bavinck· Reformed Dogmatics – Geerhardus Vos· Christianity and Liberalism – J. Gresham Machen· Eternal God: A Study of God Without Time – Paul Helm· The Openness of God – Clark Pinnock· Nicaea and its Legacy: An Approach to Fourth-Century Trinitarian Theology – Lewis Ayres· Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics – Richard Muller

This recording features audio versions of the February 2025 Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) abstracts:ArticlesTransarterial Embolization for Refractory Adhesive Capsulitis and Related Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Read)Standardized Technique for Prostatic Artery Embolization: A Delphi Consensus Study on Optimized Methods and Emerging Concepts (Read)Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease 3.0 as a Prognostic Predictor for Patients with Liver Cirrhosis after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation (Read)Safety and Feasibility of Intra-Arterial Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Using an Emulsion of Ethiodized Oil plus Bumetanide in an Oncopig Model (Read)Lessons in IR: Coil Unraveling and Stretching during Retrieval of a Partially Deployed Embolization Coil (Read)JVIR and SIR thank all those who helped record this episode. To sign up to help with future episodes, please contact our outreach coordinator at millennie.chen.jvir@gmail.com.HostSonya Choe, University of California Riverside School of MedicineAudio EditorAndrew Sasser, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Outreach CoordinatorMillennie Chen, University of California Riverside School of MedicineAbstract Readers:Ahmed Alzubaidi, Wayne State University School of MedicineShobhit Chamoli, Armed Forces Medical CollegeAgnes Manish, Loma Linda University School of MedicineEmily Jagenberg,  Oakland University. William Beaumont School of Medicine Tiffany Nakla, Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, NevadaSupport the show

ABOUT THE EPISODEListen in as David Schrock & Stephen Wellum interview Kyle Claunch on his COA Longform Essay, "Axioms of Theology Proper: Guiding Lights for the Doctrine of God"Timestamps00:35 – Intro03:40 – How Did Dr. Claunch's Interest for the Doctrine of God Begin to Grow?07:25 – What Were Some of the Things Moving in Academia Towards a Retrieval of Classical Theism?13:28 – Retrieving While Not Throwing out the Baby with the Bathwater19:42 – Axiom 1: The Doctrine of Creation from Ex Nihilo22:36 – How Important is the Order to the Axioms?24:43 – Axioms 2&3: Supreme Goodness, Immanence & Negation29:00 – The Perfections and Imperfections in Humanity in Creation33:30 – Axiom 5 and Analogical Speech37:57 – Wrong Ways of Analogical Speech Leads to Wrong Thinking on the Doctrine of God42:11 – Axioms 6, 7, & 8: God's Attributes50:13 – What Attribute Is Hardest to Grasp for Students?55:54 – Axioms 9 & 10: Our God is Triune59:42 – God's Attributes Only Make Sense With His Triune Nature1:06:10 – Outro Resources to Click“Axioms of Theology Proper: Guiding Lights for the Doctrine of God” – Kyle Claunch“God the Father: Namesake of all Fatherhood” – Kyle Claunch“Why are We Trinitarian, and Why Does it Matter?” – Kyle ClaunchTheme of the Month: The God Who Is There: Contemplating the Doctrine of GodGive to Support the Work Books to ReadSumma Theologiae (Vol. 1) – Thomas AquinasDictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology, 2nd ed. – Richard A. MullerProslogion in Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works – ed. Brian Davies and G.R. EvansInstitutes of Eclenctic Theology – Francis Turretin ed. James T. Dennison, Jr.Orations – Gregory of Nazianzus

HOUR 2- Johnny Doesn't Know, Ally's Egg Retrieval and MORE full 2020 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:41:00 +0000 98LdHSOVDYsNwPoS6AvNzvEpBycZiZW9 society & culture Klein/Ally Show: The Podcast society & culture HOUR 2- Johnny Doesn't Know, Ally's Egg Retrieval and MORE Klein.Ally.Show on KROQ is more than just a "dynamic, irreverent morning radio show that mixes humor, pop culture, and unpredictable conversation with a heavy dose of realness." (but thanks for that quote anyway). Hosted by Klein, Ally, and a cast of weirdos (both on the team and from their audience), the show is known for its raw, offbeat style, offering a mix of sarcastic banter, candid interviews, and an unfiltered take on everything from culture to the chaos of everyday life. With a loyal, engaged fanbase and an addiction for pushing boundaries, the show delivers the perfect blend of humor and insight, all while keeping things fun, fresh, and sometimes a little bit illegal. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Society & Culture False https://player.amperwavepodcasting

Ally's Egg Retrieval full 683 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:24:00 +0000 3lb00HkXYCzU0INdqlp9Hi5aEuvJedur society & culture Klein/Ally Show: The Podcast society & culture Ally's Egg Retrieval Klein.Ally.Show on KROQ is more than just a "dynamic, irreverent morning radio show that mixes humor, pop culture, and unpredictable conversation with a heavy dose of realness." (but thanks for that quote anyway). Hosted by Klein, Ally, and a cast of weirdos (both on the team and from their audience), the show is known for its raw, offbeat style, offering a mix of sarcastic banter, candid interviews, and an unfiltered take on everything from culture to the chaos of everyday life. With a loyal, engaged fanbase and an addiction for pushing boundaries, the show delivers the perfect blend of humor and insight, all while keeping things fun, fresh, and sometimes a little bit illegal. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Society & Culture False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=https%3A%2F%2Frss.amper

Meg, Hal and Symphony discuss episode 199 of Welcome to Night Vale: Guidelines for Retrieval. They chat about hope, trauma and frozen yogurt toppings. They are joined by Night Vale writer Brie Williams for a conversation about the funniest thing you can put in an eye patch, a go to diner order, recurring nightmares and how life experiences inspired this episode.  Find out more about calzones on our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.patreon.com/goodmorningnightvale⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Good Morning Night Vale is a production of ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Night Vale Presents⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Hosted by Symphony Sanders, Hal Lublin, and Meg Bashwiner Produced by Meg Bashwiner Edited by Felicia Dominguez Mixed by Vincent Cacchione Theme Music by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Disparition Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jake and Michael discuss all the latest Laravel releases, tutorials, and happenings in the community.Show linkshasSole() Collection Method in Laravel 12.49.0hasMany() Collection Method in Laravel 12.50.0Filament v5.2.0 Adds a Callout ComponentClawdbot Rebrands to Moltbot After Trademark Request From AnthropicInstall Laravel Package Guidelines and Skills in BoostFuse for Laravel: A Circuit Breaker Package for Queue JobsNativePHP for Mobile Is Now FreeManage PostgreSQL Databases Directly in VS Code with Microsoft's ExtensionLivewire 4 and Blade Improvements in Laravel VS Code Extension v1.5.0Statamic 6 Is Officially ReleasedLaravel Announces Official AI SDK for Building AI-Powered AppsClaude Opus 4.6 adds adaptive thinking, 128K output, compaction API, and moreOpenAI Releases GPT-5.3-Codex, a New Codex Model for Agent-Style DevelopmentLaravel Live UK returns to London on June 18-19, 2026Bagisto Visual: Theme Framework with Visual Editor for Laravel E-commerceGenerate Complete Application Modules with a Single Command using Laravel TurboMakerEncrypt Files in Laravel with AES-256-GCM and Memory-Efficient StreamingMask Sensitive Eloquent Attributes on Retrieval in LaravelLaravel Related Content: Semantic Relationships Using pgvector

How should we read the Reformed tradition for our contemporary context? In the practice of theological retrieval, what role do continuity and development play? In this week's episode, we're featuring a lecture recently delivered by Dr. Drew Martin here at RTS Washington addressing these questions. Dr. Martin is Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at Covenant Seminary and an experienced pastor and church planter. His scholarship focuses on the Reformed Orthodox period and theological developments since that time. His most recent book is Grimké on the Christian Life: Christian Vitality for the Church and World. Want to continue this conversation in the classroom? Explore our degree programs and find one that's right for you: www.rts.edu/washington. Email admissions.washington@rts.edu to get started. Follow us on Instagram: www.instagram.com/rts.washington/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/RTSWashingtonDC X: x.com/rtswashington

This week: UK Revival Claims Questioned: A new Pew Research study challenges recent claims of spiritual revival among young adults in the UK, suggesting that opt-in surveys may be misleading and random sampling shows Christian identification is actually declining, not increasing.Social Media Child Safety: Social media giants face a landmark legal case regarding child safety, raising important questions about platform accountability and the protection of minors online.Posthumous Sperm Retrieval Ethics: Families of slain Israeli soldiers in Gaza are retrieving sperm from their bodies for posthumous reproduction, sparking complex ethical discussions about consent, grief, and reproductive technology.Harry Potter Generation Politics: The Harry Potter generation is being called to rethink their politics as they mature into adulthood.Keeping Marriage Strong Forever: Listener Q&A addresses keeping marriages strong over decades with advice to never stop working on your relationship and consider having more children.Biblical Response to Tragedy: A nurse in Minnesota asks how to biblically process the tragic events surrounding ICE enforcement, including the death of Alex Pretti. ==========Think Biblically: Conversations on Faith and Culture is a podcast from Talbot School of Theology at Biola University, which offers degrees both online and on campus in Southern California. Find all episodes of Think Biblically at: https://www.biola.edu/think-biblically. To submit comments, ask questions, or make suggestions on issues you'd like us to cover or guests you'd like us to have on the podcast, email us at thinkbiblically@biola.edu.

The best way to build a horrible search product? Don't ever measure anything against what a user wants.Search veterans Doug Turnbull (Led Search at Reddit + Shopify; Wrote Relevant Search + AI Powered Search) and John Berryman (Early Engineer on Github Copilot; Author of Relevant Search + Prompt Engineering for LLMs), join Hugo to talk about how to build Agentic Search Applications.We Discuss:* The evolution of information retrieval as it moves from traditional keyword search toward “agentic search“ and what this means for builders.* John's five-level maturity model (you can prototype today!) for AI adoption, moving from Trad Search to conversational AI to asynchronous research assistants that reason about result quality.* The Agentic Search Builders Playbook, including why and how you should “hand-roll” your own agentic loops to maintain control;* The importance of “revealed preferences” that LLM-judges often miss (evaluations must use real clickstream data to capture “revealed preferences” that semantic relevance alone cannot infer)* Patterns and Anti-Patterns for Agentic Search Applications* Learning and teaching Search in the Age of AgentsYou can find the full episode on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and YouTube.You can also interact directly with the transcript here in NotebookLM: If you do so, let us know anything you find in the comments!

the girlies are sharing big updates on taryn's fourth egg retrieval, discuss the pits of capitalism, and take listener calls. send us your gossip stories or ask for advice!call the PP hotline 323-577-8857 or email us at stayinguppod@gmail.comJoin our Patreon: http://patreon.com/StayingUpJoin our Discord: https://discord.gg/am5t7kZTdRCam's shopmy https://shopmy.us/cammiescottTar's shopmy https://shopmy.us/tarynarnoldscottListen: https://stayingup.lnk.to/listenFollow: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stayinguppodFollow Cam: https://www.instagram.com/cammiescott/Follow Tar: https://www.instagram.com/thetarynarnold/Contact for business inquires only:maddy@mpactgroupla.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

the girlies are sharing big updates on taryn's fourth egg retrieval, discuss the pits of capitalism, and take listener calls. send us your gossip stories or ask for advice!call the PP hotline 323-577-8857 or email us at stayinguppod@gmail.comJoin our Patreon: http://patreon.com/StayingUpJoin our Discord: https://discord.gg/am5t7kZTdRCam's shopmy https://shopmy.us/cammiescottTar's shopmy https://shopmy.us/tarynarnoldscottListen: https://stayingup.lnk.to/listenFollow: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stayinguppodFollow Cam: https://www.instagram.com/cammiescott/Follow Tar: https://www.instagram.com/thetarynarnold/Contact for business inquires only:maddy@mpactgroupla.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the cyclopean sewers beneath the Southside Slums, the Fated find themselves hunting for the undead abominations who kidnapped their contacts via candlelight!  Bullets will fly, and quill pens will furiously write about said flying bullets.  Where did Oswold go?  Who can say?Episode 2/14Content Warnings: Adult Language, Adult Situations, Gore (body horror, gunshots), Profanity, ViolenceAnastasia Adams is HarmBarty T. Badge is SteveCelia Nettle is AmsJames Pierce Hawthorne III is RoyOswoldo Franc is JakeThis podcast production of Hard Times Beyond the Breach is a Real Play Games Podcast production.  Malifaux is a trademark of Wyrd Miniatures, LLC.  Don't forget to check out www.wyrd-games.net/through-the-breach for more information or even better, squizz on over to giveusyourmoneypleasethankyou-wyrd.com and buy it for yourself so you can also play.  If y ou hate paper, you can grab digital copies of all of Wyrd's Through the Breach products and other cool games at www.drivethrurpg.com.Our theme song, Cool Cowboy Music from the Wild West, is performed by Discopapa and used under a commercial license that includes synch licensing.If you want to reach out to the Real Play Games Podcast, feel free to email us at realplaygamespodcast@gmail.com or reach us on Tumblr under RealPlayGamesPodcast or on Bluesky @realplaygamespod.bsky.social.  If you'd like to help support the show, as well as get early access to episodes, exclusive episodes, and behind-the-scenes looks at how we make our adventures, head on over to www.patreon.com/realplaygamespod and become a Patron today!  Thanks for listening!Support the show

In this episode of The UpWords Podcast, host John Terrill sits down with theologians David Buschart and Ryan Tafilowski, co-authors of Worth Doing: Fallenness, Finitude, and Work in the Real World. Together, they explore a more universal theology of work that speaks to all professions—not just those with high agency or prestige.The conversation dives into:Why most faith-and-work discourse overlooks the realities of fallenness and finitude.How embracing our created limits can be liberating rather than frustrating.How gaining a theology of work that moves beyond only ideas of productivity or calling can help us in the trenches of our jobs.How a more robust theology of work can provide spiritual wisdom for navigating seasons of toil and unmet expectations.If you've ever wondered how your daily labor—whether in the boardroom, classroom, or trades—fits into God's story, this episode offers clarity and hope.About our guests:W. David Buschart (PhD, Drew University) is professor of theology and historical studies at Denver Seminary. He is the author of Exploring Protestant Traditions and coauthor of Theology as Retrieval. He is a ruling elder and member of the theology committee of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church.Ryan Tafilowski (PhD, Edinburgh) is an assistant professor of theology at Denver Seminary and the lead pastor of Foothills Fellowship Church in Littleton, Colorado. He is the coauthor, with Ross Chapman, of Faithful Work: In the Daily Grind with God and for Others. He previously served as theologian-in-residence for the Denver Institute for Faith and Work.Resources & Links:

James Fox enters the mind meld! The new version of James' film, Moment of Contact: https://geni.us/MOC_NewRevelations The Varginha UFO case, often called “Brazil's Roswell” just keeps getting more novel. The newly updated version of James' film Moment of Contact, includes incredible new information and testimony from eye witnesses that needs to be seen t be believed.

David Grusch is back. Ina n interview with Megyn Kelly, Grusch spills the beans on Gen Clapper who appeared in Age of Disclosure. He says that Clapper knew more than what he lead on and managed the retrieval program. He also talks about the CIA and knows the many UAP secrets that the agency has. Kristian Harloff shares his thoughts. #uap #ufo #news #davidgrusch #alien Aliens #newsupdate  

I had a conversation with ⁠Ayomide Odumakinde⁠ (member of technical staff at Cohere AI labs) . We discussed artificial intelligence, the history of ideas in this field, current tools and methods, and what to expect in the years to come.Links to things discussed/mentioned in this episodeText Tokenizationhttps://www.ai21.com/knowledge/tokenization/https://huggingface.co/learn/llm-course/en/chapter2/4Supervised Finetuning: https://huggingface.co/learn/llm-course/en/chapter11/1Scaling law papers⁠Kaplan et al, 2020⁠⁠Hoffmann et al., 2022⁠⁠Sardana et al., 2024⁠Reinforcement learninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learningReinforcement learning through human feedback (RLHF)⁠Ziegler, et al, 2019⁠⁠Learning to summarize with human feedback⁠Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards https://allenai.org/blog/tulu-3-technicalEffective context engineering & context rothttps://www.anthropic.com/engineering/effective-context-engineering-for-ai-agentsQroq inference enginehttps://groq.com/Continual AI & learninghttps://www.continualai.org/https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/continual-learningMethods for Agent augmentation ⁠Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)⁠⁠Function & tool calling with LLMs⁠⁠Long-term memory in agentic systems⁠Follow us on:Twitter ⁠@HintedNeuron⁠Instagram ⁠@hintedneuron⁠Facebook ⁠Hinted Neuron⁠Leave a review on this podcast at ⁠https://ratethispodcast.com/hintedneuron⁠Also, subscribe to our email list on our website ⁠https://hintedneuron.com⁠ to stay updated on new releases

In this episode, find out what the next generation of acousticians is researching! In this episode, we talk to the latest round of POMA Student Paper Competition winners, from the joint 188th meeting of the ASA and the 25th International Congress on Acoustics held in New Orleans in May 2025. Their topics include:- Using the spatial decomposition method to parameterize acoustic reflections in a room (Lucas Hocquette, LAcoustic)- Visualizing nonlinearities in a bolted plate system with digital image correlation (Nicholas Pomianek, Boston University)- Analyzing the how people pronounce the word "just" in casual speech (Ki Woong Moon, University of Arizona)- Modeling strings of historical instruments that no longer make sound (Riccardo Russo, University of Bologna)- Improving automatic music mashup generators (Yu Foon Darin Chau, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)Associated papers:Lucas Hocquette, Philip Coleman, and Frederic Roskam. "Acoustic reflection parameterization based on the spatial decomposition method." Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 56, 055004 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002037.Nicholas Pomianek, Trevor Jerome, Enrique Gutierrez-Wing, and J. Gregory McDaniel. "Visualizing contact area dependent nonlinearity in a bolted plate system through digital image correlation." Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 56, 065001 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002099. Ki Woong Moon and Natasha Warner. "Realization of just: Speech reduction in a high-frequency word." Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 56, 060005  (2025). https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002080Riccardo Russo, Craig J. Webb, Michele Ducceschi, and Stefan Bilbao. "Convergence analysis and relaxation techniques for modal scalar auxiliary variable methods applied to nonlinear transverse string vibration." Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 56, 035007 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002073.Yu Foon Darin Chau, Andrew Brian Horner, Joshua Chang, Chun Yuen Chan, and Harris Lau. "Retrieval-based automatic mashup generation with deep learning-guided features." Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 56,  035006 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002071.Learn more about entering the POMA Student Paper Competition for the Fall 2025 meeting in HonoluluRead more from Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (POMA).Learn more about Acoustical Society of America Publications.

Egg retrieval can be physically and emotionally challenging, but there are ways to support your body afterward. The Lanby's, Medical Director Dr. Stephanie Wallman shares her expert post-egg retrieval protocol to help your body process excess estrogen, support liver function, and restore balance.On this “One Take on One Take” episode:Tip 1: DIM supplementation to help your liver mobilize and eliminate estrogen.Tip 2: Magnesium for liver support, gut health, and healthy bowel movements.Tip 3: B complex vitamins to aid detoxification and restore balance after retrieval.LISTEN NOW: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/get-well-better Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/get-well-betterYouTube: @TheLanby Or search “Get Well Better by The Lanby” on your favorite podcast platform! VISIT THE LANBY: Explore membership and learn more about The Lanby's functional medicine approach: https://www.thelanby.com FOLLOW THE LANBY ON SOCIAL: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thelanby Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thelanby LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thelanby STAY IN THE KNOW: Subscribe to The Lanby newsletter for health tips, podcast drops, and expert insights: https://www.thelanby.com/newslette

In this conversation, our guests discuss how retrieval practice can help all students learn, including those with ADHD and autism. For many teachers, this may challenge the assumption that retrieval practice only works for some learners. Instead, the discussion shows how, when used thoughtfully, retrieval practice can support diverse learning needs and help students build confidence, understanding, and long-term retention. Follow on TwitteR: | @smorrisey | @effortfuleduktr | @bamradionetwork | @jonHarper70bd @SciInTheMaking Blogs: Brain – Book – Buddy Reverse Engineering the Multiple Choice Question 5 Reasons I Begin My Class With Retrieval Practice Most Days Retrieval Is Communication. Blake Harvard is an AP Psychology teacher at a public high school in Alabama. He is in his 20th year of teaching. He is very interested in reading research and applying findings from cognitive psychology in the classroom to improve instruction and learning. Blake is the author of a new book: Do I have Your Attention: Understanding Memory Constraints and Maximizing Learning He is also the author of The Effortful Educator. A popular blog with over one million hits. Sean Morrisey is a 5th-grade teacher at Pinehurst Elementary School, located just outside of Buffalo, NY. He brings over 25 years of experience as an educator. Before becoming a classroom teacher, Sean worked as a school psychologist, a role that shaped his understanding of how children learn. For the past 18 years, he has taught 1st, 4th, and 5th grade, focusing on building strong foundations in literacy and language. Sean's work in vocabulary instruction has been highlighted on numerous literacy podcasts and featured in science of reading resources, including The Literacy 50 and Know Better, Do Better: Comprehension. His passion lies in integrating vocabulary seamlessly across the school day, helping students connect words to meaning in authentic and engaging ways. Sean is currently writing his own curriculum called the Word Mapping Project: Linking Sound, Spelling, and Meaning for Word Mastery. Marcie Samayoa is a 10th-year high school chemistry teacher that shares evidence-informed teaching strategies through her blog, Scientists in the Making. She connects cognitive science principles to classroom practices, inspiring both educators and students to deepen their understanding of science. Blog: www.scientistsinthemaking.com Substack: scientistsinthemaking.substack.com

Click here to sign up for a new platform that helps law firms use subscription billing.To stay up to date with Practi, subscribe to our newsletter at practi.ai/hello.On October 10, 2025, I presented live at MaxLawCon in Nashville on the topic of integrating. Here is the slide deck. Here are the top 5 takeaways:* The Traditional Billable Hour Model Is Becoming Obsolete. AI automation is eliminating a significant portion of billable legal work—up to 75% for firms in the near future. This makes the traditional hourly billing model unsustainable, as tasks that once took hours can now be completed in minutes.* A Massive Latent Legal Market Exists. There is a huge, underserved market for legal services—estimated at $1.3 trillion in the U.S.—comprised of people and businesses who need legal help but are not currently served by lawyers, often due to lack of pricing transparency and affordability.* Subscription Models Offer Predictable Revenue and Better Access. Switching to a subscription-based legal service model provides clients with pricing certainty and allows lawyers to build sustainable practices with predictable revenue, improved client relationships, and better staff retention.* AI Should Be Used Thoughtfully and with the Right Tools. Lawyers should use multiple, purpose-built AI tools (not just general ones like ChatGPT) and always verify AI outputs with source documents. Retrieval-augmented generation and tools that provide citations are especially valuable for legal work.* Ethical and Professional Obligations Favor Efficiency and Transparency. Continuing to bill by the hour without leveraging AI may violate professional conduct rules against wasteful procedures. Embracing AI and subscription models aligns lawyer incentives with client needs and supports access to justice.__________________________Sign up for Paxton, my all-in-one AI legal assistant, helping me with legal research, analysis, drafting, and enhancing existing legal work product.Get Connected with SixFifty⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, a business and employment legal document automation tool.Sign up for ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Gavel⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, an automation platform for law firms.Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Law Subscribed⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to subscribe to the weekly newsletter to listen from your web browser.Prefer monthly updates? Sign up for the Law Subscribed Monthly Digest on LinkedIn.Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Mathew Kerbis'⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ law firm ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Subscription Attorney LLC⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.Want to use the subscription model for your law firm? Click here to sign up for a new platform that helps law firms use subscription billing. Get full access to Law Subscribed at www.lawsubscribed.com/subscribe

Gemini 3 was a landmark frontier model launch in AI this year — but the story behind its performance isn't just about adding more compute. In this episode, I sit down with Sebastian Bourgeaud, a pre-training lead for Gemini 3 at Google DeepMind and co-author of the seminal RETRO paper. In his first-ever podcast interview, Sebastian takes us inside the lab mindset behind Google's most powerful model — what actually changed, and why the real work today is no longer “training a model,” but building a full system.We unpack the “secret recipe” idea — the notion that big leaps come from better pre-training and better post-training — and use it to explore a deeper shift in the industry: moving from an “infinite data” era to a data-limited regime, where curation, proxies, and measurement matter as much as web-scale volume. Sebastian explains why scaling laws aren't dead, but evolving, why evals have become one of the hardest and most underrated problems (including benchmark contamination), and why frontier research is increasingly a full-stack discipline that spans data, infrastructure, and engineering as much as algorithms.From the intuition behind Deep Think, to the rise (and risks) of synthetic data loops, to the future of long-context and retrieval, this is a technical deep dive into the physics of frontier AI. We also get into continual learning — what it would take for models to keep updating with new knowledge over time, whether via tools, expanding context, or new training paradigms — and what that implies for where foundation models are headed next. If you want a grounded view of pre-training in late 2025 beyond the marketing layer, this conversation is a blueprint.Google DeepMindWebsite - https://deepmind.googleX/Twitter - https://x.com/GoogleDeepMindSebastian BorgeaudLinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastian-borgeaud-8648a5aa/X/Twitter - https://x.com/borgeaud_sFIRSTMARKWebsite - https://firstmark.comX/Twitter - https://twitter.com/FirstMarkCapMatt Turck (Managing Director)Blog - https://mattturck.comLinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/turck/X/Twitter - https://twitter.com/mattturck(00:00) – Cold intro: “We're ahead of schedule” + AI is now a system(00:58) – Oriol's “secret recipe”: better pre- + post-training(02:09) – Why AI progress still isn't slowing down(03:04) – Are models actually getting smarter?(04:36) – Two–three years out: what changes first?(06:34) – AI doing AI research: faster, not automated(07:45) – Frontier labs: same playbook or different bets?(10:19) – Post-transformers: will a disruption happen?(10:51) – DeepMind's advantage: research × engineering × infra(12:26) – What a Gemini 3 pre-training lead actually does(13:59) – From Europe to Cambridge to DeepMind(18:06) – Why he left RL for real-world data(20:05) – From Gopher to Chinchilla to RETRO (and why it matters)(20:28) – “Research taste”: integrate or slow everyone down(23:00) – Fixes vs moonshots: how they balance the pipeline(24:37) – Research vs product pressure (and org structure)(26:24) – Gemini 3 under the hood: MoE in plain English(28:30) – Native multimodality: the hidden costs(30:03) – Scaling laws aren't dead (but scale isn't everything)(33:07) – Synthetic data: powerful, dangerous(35:00) – Reasoning traces: what he can't say (and why)(37:18) – Long context + attention: what's next(38:40) – Retrieval vs RAG vs long context(41:49) – The real boss fight: evals (and contamination)(42:28) – Alignment: pre-training vs post-training(43:32) – Deep Think + agents + “vibe coding”(46:34) – Continual learning: updating models over time(49:35) – Advice for researchers + founders(53:35) – “No end in sight” for progress + closing

FAN MAIL--We would love YOUR feedback--Send us a Text MessageYour brain doesn't need more highlighter ink; it needs a knot that keeps memories from slipping. We unpack the testing effect—why retrieval practice beats rereading—and show how spacing transforms effortful recall into durable knowledge you can trust under pressure. Instead of piling on more beads, we teach you to tie the string: close the book, recall from memory, then verify. Along the way, we break the familiarity trap that makes notes feel mastered and share simple drills that build real understanding.We walk through the science in clear language, drawing on our book of the day "Make It Stick" by Peter Brown, Henry Roediger, and Mark McDaniel, and translate it into habits you can start today. You'll learn how desirable difficulty drives consolidation, why the edge of forgetting is the sweet spot, and how multiple retrieval routes protect recall weeks later. Expect practical prompts you can use with books, lectures, and skills: blank-page summaries, three-point recaps, low-stakes quizzes, and flashcards that force an answer before you flip.If pop quizzes used to spike your heart rate, this conversation reframes them as quiet gifts. We show how to build short, spaced sessions that hurt a little now and pay off big later, turning passive review into active mastery. By the end, you'll have a simple framework: recall first, review second; space attempts; welcome the small struggle that signals growth. Subscribe, share this with a friend who's studying or upskilling, and leave a quick review telling us which retrieval habit you'll start today.Key Points from the Episode:• testing effect and why retrieval beats rereading• familiarity versus true understanding• spacing recall to add desirable difficulty• simple recall routines for books, lectures and skills• flashcards, micro-quizzes and blank-page summaries• why discomfort signals real learning• tying multiple routes to the same idea• turning theory into daily habitsOther resources: Want to leave a review? Click here, and if we earned a five-star review from you **high five and knuckle bumps**, we appreciate it greatly!

FAN MAIL--We would love YOUR feedback--Send us a Text MessageIf studying feels smooth, you might be doing it wrong. We dig into the science behind durable learning and show why the methods that feel effortful—retrieval, spacing, and interleaving—produce knowledge that holds up under pressure. Drawing on Make It Stick and real-world examples, we unpack how familiar strategies like rereading, highlighting, and cramming create a comforting illusion of mastery while leaving you empty-handed when it matters.We start by reframing the core mistake: mistaking recognition for recall. That “I've seen this before” feeling floods your brain with confidence but doesn't prepare you to explain a concept from scratch or pick the right approach without cues. From there, we walk through practical tools. Retrieval practice turns passive exposure into active memory by quizzing yourself, teaching a concept aloud, or using flashcards. Spacing replaces marathon sessions with shorter, scheduled reviews that capitalize on just-enough forgetting to strengthen recall. Interleaving blends problem types and concepts so your brain learns to identify patterns and decide which method to use—the same skill real work demands.You'll hear a concrete exam-prep story that shows how flashcards and spaced reviews transformed short-term familiarity into long-term command. Then we translate ideas into a three-part action plan you can start this week: swap one reread for retrieval, schedule three spaced sessions, and mix at least two problem types in your next practice block. Expect more struggle in the moment and more success when the test, meeting, or project arrives. That discomfort isn't failure; it's the signal that learning is sticking.Our book of the day was "Make It Stick:  The Science of Successful Learning" by Peter Brown, Henry Roediger and Mark McDanielKey Points from the Episode:• learning feels harder when it becomes durable• the illusion of fluency from rereading and massed practice• retrieval practice to expose gaps and deepen memory• spacing sessions to leverage forgetting and reload knowledge• interleaving to train recognition and method selection• simple tests to confirm you can teach it from scratch• three concrete actions to apply this weekOther resources: Want to leave a review? Click here, and if we earned a five-star review from you **high five and knuckle bumps**, we appreciate it greatly!

This morning we describe PSR( (posthumous sperm retrieval) and why this subject is so important now in Israel. Then we provide an overview of the relevant issues in Jewish Law to help determine if this is permitted. The short answer is, it's complicated. Michael Whitman is the senior rabbi of ADATH Congregation in Hampstead, Quebec, and an adjunct professor at McGill University Faculty of Law. ADATH is a modern orthodox synagogue community in suburban Montreal, providing Judaism for the next generation. We take great pleasure in welcoming everyone with a warm smile, while sharing inspiration through prayer, study, and friendship. Rabbi Whitman shares his thoughts and inspirations through online lectures and shiurim, which are available on: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5FLcsC6xz5TmkirT1qObkA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adathmichael/ Podcast - Mining the Riches of the Parsha: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/mining-the-riches-of-the-parsha/id1479615142?fbclid=IwAR1c6YygRR6pvAKFvEmMGCcs0Y6hpmK8tXzPinbum8drqw2zLIo7c9SR-jc Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3hWYhCG5GR8zygw4ZNsSmO Please contact Rabbi Whitman (rabbi@adath.ca) with any questions or feedback, or to receive a daily email, "Study with Rabbi Whitman Today," with current and past insights for that day, video, and audio, all in one short email sent directly to your inbox.

Join Tina Baykaner, MD, MPH, HRS Digital Education Committee Vice-Chair, and her guests Mikhael F. El-Chami, MD, FHRS and  Devi G. Nair, MD, FHRS for this week's Lead episode. This article summarizes the worldwide experience retrieving chronically implanted active helix-fixation leadless ventricular pacemakers (the Aveir/Abbott platform) across regulatory clinical trials. The authors assess real-world feasibility, procedural techniques, success rates, and complications of retrieval after long dwell times, demonstrating that devices can be removed safely and effectively even years after implant—up to about 9 years in follow-up. Overall, chronic retrieval success remained high with a low rate of serious adverse events, supporting helix-fixation leadless systems as a manageable long-term pacing strategy when replacement or removal is needed.    Learning Objectives Explain the clinical indications for chronic retrieval of helix-fixation leadless pacemakers and how these differ from tine-fixation platforms.  Summarize the reported worldwide chronic retrieval success rates, implant-duration range, and key procedural or anatomic reasons for retrieval failure.  Identify practical procedural considerations (e.g., docking-button access, retrieval catheter use, imaging support) that improve the likelihood of safe long-term leadless pacemaker removal.   Article for Discussion: Worldwide Chronic Retrieval Experience of the Helix Fixation Leadless Cardiac Paccemaker   Article Authors and Podcast Contributors Article Authors Derek V. Exner, Reinoud E. Knops, Daniel J. Cantillon, Pascal Defaye, Rajesh Banker, Paul Friedman, Chris Hubbard, Stephanie M. Delgado, Anuradha Bulusu, and Vivek Y. Reddy Podcast Contributors Tina Baykaner, MD, MPH Mikhael F. El-Chami, MD, FHRS Devi G. Nair, MD, FHRS   Faculty Disclosures Host Disclosure(s): T. Baykaner •Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting: Volta Medical, Medtronic, Pacemate, Johnson and Johnson, Abbot Medical, Boston Scientific •Research: NIH   ​Contributor Disclosure(s):    M. El-Chami •Research: Medtronic, Boston Scientific •Speaking/Teaching/Consulting: Medtronic, Boston Scientific D. Nair •Speaking/Teaching/Consulting: Sieman's Healthineers •Membership on Advisory Committees: Biosense Webster, Medtronic, Abbott Medical, Boston Scientific   Staff Disclosure(s) (note: HRS staff are NOT in control of educational content. Disclosures are provided solely for full transparency to the learner): S. Sailor: No relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose.

the girls have worked really hard on being better as individuals and partners and today they reflect on those changes and how it has helped get them through the downs and downs of fertility treatments. and stay tuned for an absolutely unhinged pp story!Cam's shopmy https://shopmy.us/cammiescott/Tar's shopmy https://shopmy.us/tarynarnoldscottsend us your gossip stories or ask for advice!call the PP hotline 323-577-8857 or email us at stayinguppod@gmail.comJoin our Patreon: http://patreon.com/StayingUpJoin our Discord: https://discord.gg/am5t7kZTdR Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

the girls have worked really hard on being better as individuals and partners and today they reflect on those changes and how it has helped get them through the downs and downs of fertility treatments. and stay tuned for an absolutely unhinged pp story!Cam's shopmy https://shopmy.us/cammiescott/Tar's shopmy https://shopmy.us/tarynarnoldscottsend us your gossip stories or ask for advice!call the PP hotline 323-577-8857 or email us at stayinguppod@gmail.comJoin our Patreon: http://patreon.com/StayingUpJoin our Discord: https://discord.gg/am5t7kZTdR Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

One of the sites that shook me most on my recent Cambodia tour was a site that I had never even heard of before - the Baphuon: Cambodia's Mysterious Golden Mountain Temple! Was this temple actually constructed on top of a much older precision megalithic base? Did you know that a 10,000+ year old mummy was discovered in Nevada's Spirit Cave in 1940? The original tests done on it by Smithsonian scientists found that it was of European origins. Why was this ancient specimen taken and buried, never to be seen or studied again? Most people have heard about the Roswell incident, but very few people seem to have ever heard about the 1953 Kingman UFO crash retrieval... Pulling from leaked emails, eye-witness accounts and the sworn testimony of mechanical engineer Arthur G. Stancil who worked at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, I piece together the details of this incredible event. Why are our history books mostly silent when it comes to the ancient mounds of America and the anomalous artifacts and enigmatic entities that were unearthed inside them? Why has this fascinating history been suppressed? JOIN ME ON A 2026 TOUR TO EGYPT OR PERU

Most people have heard about the Roswell incident, but very few people seem to have ever heard about the 1953 Kingman UFO crash retrieval... Pulling from leaked emails, eye-witness accounts and the sworn testimony of mechanical engineer Arthur G. Stancil who worked at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, I piece together the details of this incredible event. A crashed UFO, deceased entities and a government cover-up that supposedly took place in the remote desert region near Kingman, Arizona - this is the story of the Kingman crash...JOIN ME ON A 2026 TOUR

Post-liberalism has escaped the internet and entered mainstream politics—but what does it actually mean? Derek, James, and Alastair map three competing visions: nostalgic return to pre-modern order, retrieval of Christian liberalism, or genuine revolution forward.         Retry    

In this episode, we explore the concept of energy fragments—how they can be taken from you during past encounters, and how to retrieve them for emotional and spiritual healing. These fragments, often left behind by past attacks or harmful interactions, can trigger a variety of stress responses in the body. The video guides you through a process to recover these lost energies, activate healing, and restore your energetic balance, promoting greater empowerment and emotional resilience.Topics Discussed:1.) What Are Energy Fragments?2.) Why Energy Fragments Affect Us3.) The Healing Process: Retrieving Fragments4.) Understanding TriggersThis is a segment from Aleya's coaching sessions. To join her live online coaching sessions click on the link below...https://www.aleyadao.com/catalog/products/Live-Coaching-Sessions/721/Get a free month of the Cups of Consciousness meditations at https://www.7cupsofconsciousness.com/Follow along on social media for more insights and updates!

How quickly can the U.S. military spring into action to recover - then cover up - the crash of exotic technology that falls from the sky? The answer is - pretty damned fast. An example of this just played out in, of all places, the outskirts of Area 51, the top-secret Air Force facility in the Nevada desert. On September 23rd, an unknown aerial object slammed into the desert floor on public land a few miles outside the boundary of Area 51. Within minutes, the entire base sprang into action, a large swath of public land was cordoned off by armed military security teams, and a cryptic cover story was concocted. In this episode of WEAPONIZED, Jeremy and George share some of the details of the crash retrieval operation and how civilian researchers in Nevada were able to collect enough information to know that the Air Force explanation was full of holes - containing not only outright falsehoods but also a healthy smattering of disinformation. Also discussed in this episode: the emergence of Grokipedia - a more informative and much more balanced source of information than its much-maligned alternative, Wikipedia, which has become notorious for its rigged manipulation of all UFO-related content. GOT A TIP? Reach out to us at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠WeaponizedPodcast@Proton.me⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ••• Watch Corbell's six-part UFO docuseries titled UFO REVOLUTION on TUBI here : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://tubitv.com/series/300002259/tmz-presents-ufo-revolution/season-2⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Watch Knapp's six-part UFO docuseries titled INVESTIGATION ALIEN on NETFLIX here : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://netflix.com/title/81674441⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ••• You can now watch all of Corbell's movies for free on YouTube here : BOB LAZAR : AREA 51 & FLYING SAUCERS https://youtu.be/sZaE5rIavVA HUNT FOR THE SKINWALKER https://youtu.be/TczkJ6UAQ8A PATIENT SEVENTEEN https://youtu.be/gDVX0kRqXxE ••• For breaking news, follow Corbell & Knapp on all social media. Extras and bonuses from the episode can be found at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠WeaponizedPodcast.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In Episode 94, Althea reads her blog post Retrieval Practice in the Health Professions.

In this episode of The Deep Dive, we trace the evolution of official UAP investigations—from the post-WWII hunt for wreckage to a radical conclusion reached by insiders: the phenomenon may be intrinsically tied to human consciousness.It begins in the early 1950s, when Canadian official Wilbert Smith discovered that the U.S. was already running a deeply classified program focused on flying saucers. In a sensitive memo, Smith noted that American authorities were interested not just in the craft—but in the mental phenomena associated with them. This wasn't a fringe idea. It was embedded in the earliest stages of secrecy.Smith named Dr. Vannevar Bush, the wartime science czar, as heading a small group studying the “modus operandi” of the saucers. Bush's involvement signaled that the highest levels of American science were taking the phenomenon seriously. Around the same time, Dr. Eric Walker, executive secretary of the Research and Development Board, admitted attending meetings about the recovery of a flying saucer and its occupants—reportedly stored at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. When asked about MJ-12, the legendary secret group, Walker said he'd known about them for 40 years.These early confirmations lend weight to the idea that crash retrievals and compartmented programs were real. But as the decades progressed, the investigation took a strange turn.In the 2000s, the U.S. government launched a new wave of UAP research. One of the most prominent was Robert Bigelow, who spent millions studying the phenomenon. While known for chasing hard evidence—exotic materials, reverse engineering—Bigelow also funded parapsychology research, including grants to Dean Radin in the 1990s.This dual interest led directly to the creation of AAWSAP—the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program with support from Senator Ted Stevens, AAWSAP received $22 million to study aerial phenomena, particularly those reported at Skinwalker Ranch.Under Bigelow's direction, buildings were reportedly modified to store recovered UAP materials. Luis Elizondo, a key figure in later disclosure efforts, claimed these materials were “metamaterials” with isotopic ratios not found on Earth—implying off-world origin.But the deeper shift came from James Lakatsky, who managed AAWSAP for the DIA. After years of research, Lakatsky concluded that physical phenomena were connected to psychic phenomena—and that consciousness played a crucial role.He defined the UAP as a technology that integrates physical and psychic elements, and that manipulates psychological and physiological parameters in the witness. In other words, the phenomenon doesn't just fly—it interacts with minds, tailoring experiences to individuals, and potentially influencing culture.Robert Bigelow echoed this in his “Theory of WOW View,” suggesting that the intelligence behind the phenomenon performs absurd, physically impossible acts to grab attention and challenge our assumptions. It's not just surveillance—it's messaging. Games. Performance art designed to break our reality framework.Tim Taylor, a high-level intelligence official, visited experiencer Chris Bledsoe not because Bledsoe was a threat—but because the phenomenon seemed to “like” him. It was communicating with Bledsoe, not the intel officers. This suggests that connection, intent, and consciousness matter.Jim Semivan, former CIA, described the truth as “indigestible.” He worried about how to explain to children that there's a force that can control the environment, insert thoughts, deceive, and that we're not in control. The fear isn't about technology—it's about existential collapse.This leads to a profound realization: the secrecy may not be about protecting advanced hardware, but about shielding humanity from a truth that could shatter our worldview. If the phenomenon is tied to consciousness, then our understanding of reality, free will, and identity is at stake.

Chip Huyen is a core developer on Nvidia's Nemo platform, a former AI researcher at Netflix, and taught machine learning at Stanford. She's a two-time founder and the author of two widely read books on AI, including AI Engineering, which has been the most-read book on the O'Reilly platform since its launch. Unlike many AI commentators, Chip has built multiple successful AI products and platforms and works directly with enterprises on their AI strategies, giving her unique visibility into what's actually happening inside companies building AI products.We discuss:1. What people think makes AI apps better vs. what actually makes AI apps better2. What pre-training vs. post-training is, and why fine-tuning should be your last resort3. How RLHF (reinforcement learning from human feedback) actually works4. Why data quality matters more than which vector database you choose5. Why high performers are seeing the most gains from AI coding tools6. Why most AI problems are actually UX issues—Brought to you by:Dscout—The UX platform to capture insights at every stage: from ideation to production: https://www.dscout.com/Justworks—The all-in-one HR solution for managing your small business with confidence: https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N9515.5688857LENNYSPODCAST/B33689522.423713855;dc_trk_aid=616485030;dc_trk_cid=237010502;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;gdpr=$Persona—A global leader in digital identity verification: https://withpersona.com/lenny—Where to find Chip Huyen:• X: https://x.com/chipro• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chiphuyen/• Website: https://huyenchip.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Introduction to Chip Huyen(04:28) Chip's viral LinkedIn post(07:05) Understanding AI training: pre-training vs. post-training(08:50) Language modeling explained(13:55) The importance of post-training(15:20) Reinforcement learning and human feedback(22:23) The importance of evals in AI development(31:55) Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) explained(38:50) Challenges in AI tool adoption(43:19) Challenges in measuring productivity(45:20) The three-bucket test(49:10) The future of engineering roles(55:31) ML Engineers vs. AI engineers(57:12) Looking forward: the impact of AI(01:05:48) Model capabilities vs. perceived performance(01:08:23) Lightning round and final thoughts—Referenced:• Chip's LinkedIn post on what actually improves AI apps: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/chiphuyen_aiapplications-aiengineering-activity-7358971409227792384-y0mf/• Prediction and Entropy of Printed English: https://www.princeton.edu/~wbialek/rome/refs/shannon_51.pdf• Why experts writing AI evals is creating the fastest-growing companies in history | Brendan Foody (CEO of Mercor): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/experts-writing-ai-evals-brendan-foody•Inside the expert network training every frontier AI model | Garrett Lord (Handshake CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-handshake-garrett-lord• First interview with Scale AI's CEO: $14B Meta deal, what's working in enterprise AI, and what frontier labs are building next | Jason Droege: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/first-interview-with-scale-ais-ceo-jason-droege• Anthropic's CPO on what comes next | Mike Krieger (co-founder of Instagram): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropics-cpo-heres-what-comes-next• Why AI evals are the hottest new skill for product builders | Hamel Husain & Shreya Shankar (creators of the #1 eval course): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/why-ai-evals-are-the-hottest-new-skill• The rise of Cursor: The $300M ARR AI tool that engineers can't stop using | Michael Truell (co-founder and CEO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-rise-of-cursor-michael-truell• Stanford webinar—How AI Is Changing Coding and Education, Andrew Ng & Mehran Sahami: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J91_npj0Nfw• He saved OpenAI, invented the “Like” button, and built Google Maps: Bret Taylor on the future of careers, coding, agents, and more: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/he-saved-openai-bret-taylor• Anthropic co-founder on quitting OpenAI, AGI predictions, $100M talent wars, 20% unemployment, and the nightmare scenarios keeping him up at night | Ben Mann: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/anthropic-co-founder-benjamin-mann• Lenny's vibe-coded app made on Lovable: https://gdoc-images-grab.lovable.app/• Story of Yanxi Palace: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8865016/• Steve Jobs's quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/427317-remembering-that-i-ll-be-dead-soon-is-the-most-important—Recommended books:• The Complete Sherlock Holmes: https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Sherlock-Holmes-Volumes/dp/0553328255• AI Engineering: Building Applications with Foundation Models: https://www.amazon.com/AI-Engineering-Building-Applications-Foundation/dp/1098166302• The Selfish Gene: https://www.amazon.com/Selfish-Gene-Anniversary-Introduction/dp/0199291152• From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000: https://www.amazon.com/Third-World-First-Singapore-1965-2000/dp/0060197765—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. To hear more, visit www.lennysnewsletter.com

Fertility Docs Uncensored is hosted by Dr. Carrie Bedient from the Fertility Center of Las Vegas, Dr. Susan Hudson from Texas Fertility Center, and Dr. Abby Eblen from Nashville Fertility Center, welcomes Dr. Ian Waldman, a reproductive endocrinologist with IVF Florida, to talk about what patients can do to plan ahead for IVF. Dr. Waldman emphasizes that one of the most important steps before starting IVF is taking care of yourself—both physically and emotionally. Enjoy the things that make you happy, optimize your health, and enter treatment feeling strong and supported. Trust your fertility team and make sure you have all your medications on hand, especially time-sensitive ones like your trigger shot. Planning ahead can make the process smoother and less stressful. Know when to contact your team after your egg retrieval, and don't hesitate to reach out if something doesn't feel right. Finally, try to avoid unnecessary stress, stay informed about when to expect updates from your clinic, and keep communication open with your physician so you can move through IVF with confidence and clarity. This podcast was sponsored by US Fertility.

Matt sits down with Tori Halford to talk about her raw and emotional IVF journey — from breaking off her engagement to facing infertility, miscarriage, and an emergency surgery after egg retrieval. Tori opens up about what IVF really costs (emotionally and financially), how she found strength through it all, and the realities of navigating infertility in the public eye. This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp, Wildgrain, Audible, Revolve & Nutrafol BetterHelp: Our listeners get 10% off their first month at http://BetterHelp.com/unplannedpodcast #ad Wildgrain: Wildgrain is offering our listeners $30 off the first box - PLUS free Croissants in every box - when you go to http://wildgrain.com/UNPLANNED to start your subscription. Audible: Your first great love story is free when you sign up for a free 30-day trial at http://audible.com/unplanned Revolve: Shop at http://revolve.com/unplanned and use code UNPLANNED for 15% off your first order. #REVOLVEpartner Nutrafol: Find out why Nutrafol is the best-selling hair growth supplement brand at https://Nutrafol.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

ABOUT THE EPISODEListen in as Trent Hunter and Brad Green interview Colin Smothers on his Christ Over All Longform Essay, "Biblical Theology and Theological Interpretation of Scripture".Timestamps00:22 – Intro02:00 – Orientation, History, & Defining Terms for Biblical Theology12:35 – Geerhardus Vos' Contribution18:40 – How Does Biblical Theology Change After Vos?23:00 – What is New About Theological Interpretation of Scripture?25:10 – The Space Between the Text and the Reformation30:41 – Why Did TIS Become Important in the Evangelical World?39:11 – Encouragements for Readers40:36 – OutroResources to Click“Biblical Theology and Theological Interpretation of Scripture” – Colin SmothersThe Chicago Statement of Inerrancy (1978)“Inauguration of the Rev. Geerhardus Vos as Professor of Biblical Theology” – Princeton Theological SeminaryTheme of the Month: Essential Not Optional: Retrieving Biblical TheologyGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadBiblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible – Brevard S. ChildsAgainst Heresies in Ante-Nicene Fathers: Vol. 1 – eds. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson & A. Cleveland Coxe“Exegesis and Hermeneutics,” by Kevin Vanhoozer inNew Dictionary of Biblical Theology, – T. Desmond Alexander, Brian S. Rosner, D. A. Carson, and Graeme GoldsworthyThe Eclipse of the Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics – Hans W. Frei“An Oration on the Proper Distinction Between Biblical and Dogmatic Theology and the Specific Objectives of Each” by Johann Philipp Gabler, in Old Testament Theology: Flowering and Future – ed. and trans. Ben C. OllenburgerBiblical Theology in Crisis – Brevard S. ChildsUnderstanding Biblical Theology: A Comparison of Theory and Practice – Edward W. Klink III and Darian R. LockettBrazos Theological Commentaries – ed. Daniel TrierReformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation – Michael Allen & Scott R. SwainCovenant and Eschatology: The Divine Drama – Michael Horton

Derek Rishmawy and Brad East engage in a conversation about the complexities of atonement, particularly focusing on penal substitution. They explore the historical context, personal experiences, and theological implications surrounding the topic, emphasizing the need for clarity and understanding in discussions about God's justice and mercy. Chapter 00:00 Pumped About Atonement 03:35 The Heat of Atonement Debates 10:49 Teaching Badly 17:32 Who's the Real Problem? 24:45 Experiential Perspectives on Atonement 32:28 History and Retrieval 44:53 New Language for Old Ideas 48:59 Calvinist Lightning Round 01:01:17 Walking the Line

 Fertility Docs Uncensored is hosted by Dr. Carrie Bedient from the Fertility Center of Las Vegas, Dr. Susan Hudson from Texas Fertility Center, and Dr. Abby Eblen from Nashville Fertility Center. For many patients, egg retrieval feels like the biggest unknown of the IVF journey. In this episode, your Fertility Docs take you behind the scenes to show exactly what happens on retrieval day. From the moment you arrive, you'll meet the team working to make your procedure smooth and safe—the recovery room nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesia provider, and the embryologist who will care for your eggs after retrieval. Of course, your doctor also plays a vital role, and we'll explain what she does during the procedure itself. We'll walk you through how long the procedure typically lasts, what you can expect to feel afterward, and the important milestones you'll need to meet before you're cleared to head home. You'll learn why egg retrieval is a carefully orchestrated team effort, and how every member of your care team is focused on your comfort and success. Whether you're preparing for your own retrieval or simply curious, this episode offers a reassuring, inside look. This podcast was sponsored by IVF Florida. 

ABOUT THE EPISODEBiblical Theology and Theological Interpretation of Scripture (TIS) are two dominant ways of reading the Bible. In this article, Colin Smothers compares and contrasts both exegetical methods, showing how readers should be cautious of TIS.Resources to Click“Biblical Theology and Theological Interpretation of Scripture” – Colin SmothersThe Chicago Statement of Inerrancy (1978)“Inauguration of the Rev. Geerhardus Vos as Professor of Biblical Theology” – Princeton Theological SeminaryTheme of the Month: Essential Not Optional: Retrieving Biblical TheologyGive to Support the WorkBooks to ReadBiblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible – Brevard S. ChildsAgainst Heresies in Ante-Nicene Fathers: Vol. 1 – eds. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson & A. Cleveland Coxe“Exegesis and Hermeneutics,” by Kevin Vanhoozer inNew Dictionary of Biblical Theology, – T. Desmond Alexander, Brian S. Rosner, D. A. Carson, and Graeme GoldsworthyThe Eclipse of the Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics – Hans W. Frei“An Oration on the Proper Distinction Between Biblical and Dogmatic Theology and the Specific Objectives of Each” by Johann Philipp Gabler, in Old Testament Theology: Flowering and Future – ed. and trans. Ben C. OllenburgerBiblical Theology in Crisis – Brevard S. ChildsUnderstanding Biblical Theology: A Comparison of Theory and Practice – Edward W. Klink III and Darian R. LockettBrazos Theological Commentaries – ed. Daniel TrierReformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation – Michael Allen & Scott R. SwainCovenant and Eschatology: The Divine Drama – Michael Horton

Recently, the legendary Area 51 has been making headlines again, after a mysterious incident involving an aircraft crash in the desert near the famous and secretive high-security facility. Elsewhere, sightings of "mystery drones" over NATO member countries in Europe are raising concerns among officials, as questions remain over who may be behind the mysterious incursions.  This week on The Micah Hanks Program, we delve into what is known about the unusual incident involving a crash retrieval at Area 51, as well as the statements made by European officials regarding concerning mystery drones that led to a shutdown at Copenhagen Airport.  Have you had a UFO/UAP sighting? Please consider reporting your sighting to the UAP Sightings Reporting System, a public resource for information about sightings of aerial phenomena. The story doesn't end here... become an X Subscriber and get access to even more weekly content and monthly specials. Want to advertise/sponsor The Micah Hanks Program? We have partnered with the AdvertiseCast to handle our advertising/sponsorship requests. If you would like to advertise with The Micah Hanks Program, all you have to do is click the link below to get started: AdvertiseCast: Advertise with The Micah Hanks Program Show Notes Below are links to stories and other content featured in this episode: NEWS: Hegseth uses rare meeting of generals to announce new military standards  Top Military Brass Clash With Hegseth in New Pentagon Battle  Hegseth is “crawling out of his skin” over security concerns SHUTDOWN: Government to shut down after midnight barring last-minute breakthrough in Congress Over 100,000 federal workers to resign Tuesday amid looming government shutdown    SCIENCE: Unusual Gravitational Wave May Be Sign of Wormhole Linking Universes  Microlightning might provide long-sought explanation for will-o'-the-wisps AREA 51: Air Force probing mysterious ‘incident' involving flying craft near Area 51 MYSTERY DRONES: Why would Denmark be the target of a Russian ‘hybrid drone attack'? Mystery Drone Incursions in NATO Airspace Spark Europe-Wide Concerns Over "Hybrid Warfare" BECOME AN X SUBSCRIBER AND GET EVEN MORE GREAT PODCASTS AND MONTHLY SPECIALS FROM MICAH HANKS. Sign up today and get access to the entire back catalog of The Micah Hanks Program, as well as “classic” episodes, weekly “additional editions” of the subscriber-only X Podcast, the monthly Enigmas specials, and much more. Like us on Facebook Follow @MicahHanks on X. Keep up with Micah and his work at micahhanks.com.