Podcasts about XY

durée : 01:59:30 - Les Matins de France Culture - par : Nicolas Herbeaux - Cette semaine, dans les matins du samedi, nous nous questionnons sur les solutions envisagées pour plus de sobrieté avec les économistes Adrien Fabre et Friederike Röder. Nous nous intéressons aussi aux diamants des champs vendéens ainsi qu'au spectacle acrobatique du collectif XY. - réalisation : Marguerite Catton, Jean-Christophe Francis, Margaux Leridon, Victoria Géraut-Velmont - invités : Friederike Röder Directrice de l'Organisation Non Gouvernementale ONE France, Adrien Fabre Économiste, chercheur au CNRS, Antoine Billaud Directeur de production du Collectif XY , Thierry Charrier Directeur du Musée du Mange-Cailloux à Mortagne-sur-Sèvre en Vendée Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

durée : 00:19:05 - L'Invité(e) des Matins du samedi - par : Nicolas Herbeaux - La compagnie XY, pionnière du nouveau cirque, mêle poésie et physique. Cet été, elle investit Montpellier fin juin, puis Avignon fin juillet pour une première en cour d'honneur. Spécialisée dans le porté acrobatique, cette troupe de 20 artistes repousse les limites entre cirque, danse et théâtre. - réalisation : Margaux Leridon, Jean-Christophe Francis, Victoria Géraut-Velmont - invités : Antoine Billaud Directeur de production du Collectif XY Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

durée : 01:59:30 - Les Matins du samedi - par : Nicolas Herbeaux - Cette semaine, dans les matins du samedi, nous nous questionnons sur les solutions envisagées pour plus de sobrieté avec les économistes Adrien Fabre et Friederike Röder. Nous nous intéressons aussi aux diamants des champs vendéens ainsi qu'au spectacle acrobatique du collectif XY. - réalisation : Marguerite Catton, Jean-Christophe Francis, Margaux Leridon, Victoria Géraut-Velmont - invités : Friederike Röder Directrice de l'Organisation Non Gouvernementale ONE France, Adrien Fabre Économiste, chercheur au CNRS, Antoine Billaud Directeur de production du Collectif XY , Thierry Charrier Directeur du Musée du Mange-Cailloux à Mortagne-sur-Sèvre en Vendée Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France

Generación XY continúa su viaje nostálgico por los finales de los 70, los 80, los 90 y los primeros años de la década de los 2000. Esta semana, el programa hablará de: - Yo Claudio, la serie histórica de la BBC que triunfó a finales de los 70 - Código Uno, el programa de sucesos de TVE a mediados de los 90 presentado por Arturo Pérez Reverte - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal hablará de esas ropas y accesorios que nos poníamos para parecernos a nuestros ídolos. - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro nos hablará de Esarure y Ÿazoo Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. 01 This is the fourth episode in a four part series on simple podcasting. 02 Introduction In this episode we will discuss alternatives to Audacity when it comes to analyzing audio spectrums to find the sources of unwanted noise. I previously promised some gratuitous hackery, and we will get into that in this episode. 03 Recall that with Audacity you first import the audio file, then select the part of the audio you wish to analyze (or ctrl-A for all), and then select analyze > plot spectrum. This is in fact the only feature of Audacity that I know how to use. I am definitely not an audio expert. I do however have some background in processing and analyzing other signals, so some of the basics are familiar to me. 04 We can accomplish the same thing that Audacity does in this instance provided we can do the following. First, we need to get the data out of the audio file and into a form which we can import into other software. Second, we need to perform certain mathematical operations on this data. Finally, we need to be able to plot the results of these calculations on a chart. -------------------- 05 Fourier Transforms First though, we need a bit of mathematical background. What Audacity is doing when it shows a plot of frequency versus amplitude is that it is showing the results of a Fourier Transform. A Fourier Transforms is a mathematical operation that converts the time domain into the frequency domain. Any complex signal, audio or otherwise, can be broken down into a collection of sine waves of various frequencies. For example, a simple square wave signal of say 100 hertz can be represented as a sine wave of frequency 100 hertz plus a collection of higher frequency sine waves which add together to give the sharp corners. 06 A Fourier Transform finds these sine waves and sorts them out into separate bins, with each bin representing an individual frequency or a collection of closely related frequencies, depending on how fine grained the sorting is. 07 This is exactly what we want when we are trying to figure out how to filter out noise. Recall that earlier in this series we had to solve a problem with a high pitched background noise which was originating in my cheap microphone. Analyzing this audio by frequency showed that it was a series of individual tones at 1 kHz intervals. We were then able to use filters targeted at those frequencies to get rid of that noise. 08 There are several optimized versions of the Fourier Transform algorithm. A very common one is the Fast Fourier Transform, common abbreviated to just "FFT". This is so common that the term "FFT" is often used to simply mean any Fourier Transform even though this is not technically correct. 09 Typical FFT algorithms require that the number of data samples is exactly a power of two. So the number of samples we need may be something like 4096, 8192, or 65536, to give a few random examples. When we transform from the time domain to the frequency domain, each sample becomes a single frequency "bin". So the more samples we have, the finer the resolution we get in terms of frequency. 10 If we assume we are dealing with flac files recorded at a 44.1 kHz sample rate, that is, 44100 samples per second, then if we have 32768 samples, each "bin" represents slightly more than 1 hertz. If we have 65536 samples, then each "bin" represents a fraction of a hertz. For our purposes we will pick 65536 samples. That means we need 1.48 seconds of data. For simplicity's sake we will record at least 2 seconds of data and then just discard the samples that we don't need. 11 There is a further complication here. Fourier Transforms normally work with complex numbers. Recall from your school days that as well as integers and real numbers there are complex numbers. Each complex number consists of two parts, a real component and an imaginary component. I won't go into the details of this, just accept that each sample needs to have two components. Fortunately, if we don't have complex number data we can just set the imaginary component to zero and use that. This is enough talking about the theory, let's get into the practical details. -------------------- 12 Extracting Data from Audio Files First we will look at how to extract the data from the audio files. Fortunately, one of the programs which we have already been using can do this. To do this we will use Sox. I am not aware of an equivalent feature in ffmpeg. 13 Sox calls itself "SoX - Sound eXchange, the Swiss Army knife of audio manipulation" Sox is free software and is licensed under the GPLV2 or later. In this case we want to use a feature which allows us to convert a binary audio signal file to a text data file. To convert the file to text data we just give the output file a ".dat" file extension and Sox will do this for us. 14 Here is a command example. sox inputfile.flac tdata.dat 15 This gives us a file in the following format, assuming this is a mono audio recording. ; Sample Rate 44100 ; Channels 1 0 0.045471191406 2.2675737e-05 0.055023193359 4.5351474e-05 0.048217773438 6.8027211e-05 0.053192138672 etc. The first line states the sample frequency The second line states that the data is for channel 1. The data starts on the third line. Column 1 is the time in seconds. Column 2 is the waveform data point. 16 To analyze the data we want a subset of these samples. When we convert from the time domain to the frequency domain, our resolution will be determined by the number of samples. We would like therefore to have at least as many samples as the sampling rate. We also want the samples size to be an even multiple of two. The number of points we want to have is equal to the next even multiple of two above our chosen sampling rate, 44,100 Hz. This number would be 65536. 17 To extract this data from the file we can do the following. tail tdata.dat -n+3 | head -n65536 | awk '{printf "%sn", $2}' > tdata.csv 18 We use tail to skip over the first three lines. We use head to take the next 65536 lines and discard the rest. We use awk to extract the second column which we will use as the real component. We now have this data as a csv file in one column. -------------------- 19 Analyzing the Data To analyze the data we need software which can calculate FFTs. I will now show two examples of this, a very simple case using Libre Office Calc, and a more complex but more complete one using GNU Octave. 20 Using Libre Office We can do fourier analysis and plot charts using Libre Office. Take the csv file of data that we previously created. For this example I used data from a recording of silence so that I could see what internal noise was being generated by the headset. Open the csv file and import it into Libre Office Calc. 21 Now select all 65536 rows of column A. The Fourier function will automatically fill the imaginary component with zeros if we don't provide an column of imaginary numbers, so we don't need to provide a column of zeros. Then select Data > Statistics > Fourier Analysis. 22 A window will open allowing you to select various parameters. For Results to:, enter "D1". Grouped by Columns. Select OK. 23 New data should now appear starting in cell D1. The first line will say " Fourier Transform" The second line will state the input range. The third line will state "Real" in column D, and "Imaginary" in column E. The data will start in row 4. 24 For our simple example we will ignore the imaginary data and just use the real data, which will form our Y component when we plot it on a chart. We now need to create the X axis data. 25 Each cell is a "bin" of frequencies. Each cell therefore represents (sample frequency) / (Number of samples) Hz. 26 To create the X axis data showing frequency, enter the following formula in to column C to the left of each D column number. =((44100/65536) * (ROW() - 4) 27 We can now create an XY chart showing the frequency analysis. You may need to exclude the first couple of dozen rows as very low frequency components which cannot be heard may otherwise overwhelm the data we are interested in. Also, you only need the first half of the chart. The FFT mirrors the data from the first half of the array into the second half. 28 Because characterizing a sine wave requires a minimum of 2 points, although we have a sample frequency of 44.1 kHz, we really only have sound waves up to a maximum of half that, or 22.05 kHz. Create the chart with lines only. If you followed the above instructions, you should see something resembling what we saw in Audacity, except with each bin more sharply defined. 29 In the data that I had from a recording of unfiltered headset noise, I could see a distinct noise spike every 1000 hertz. 30 However, we have taken several shortcuts. First, the imaginary component of the data was ignored. Second, the magnitude (that is, Y axis) has both positive and negative peaks. Third, the data is not scaled to dB sound units, so we just have a relative measure. However, that by itself is enough to tell us where the frequencies are that we need to construct filters to deal with. 31 We could refine this spreadsheet a bit more to deal with the above issues, but I think we have demonstrated the basic principle, and working with a spreadsheet can be a bit awkward. However, if working with a spreadsheet is what you want to do, then you can add more columns and more formulae to improve on it. -------------------- 32 Other Analysis Software I will go on to GNU Octave in a moment, but I want to get a few other alternatives out of the way first. I won't go into any detail on them other than to point them out to people who want to have a go at trying these themselves. 33 Grace There is math and plotting software called Grace. This is free software, released under the GPL V2. According to the documentation, it seems to have the features we need, including an FFT function. However, I could not get it to work properly on Ubuntu 24.04. I could not get it to load a data file and plot data. 34 The error messages were vague and unhelpful. The file navigation system didn't work. There was no obvious path to success, and if it isn't easy to use then there is no point to it. This is fairly old software, designed for X Window and Motif. I gave up on it as not suitable for this series as I am looking for some fairly low effort things for people to try themselves. If someone else can get it to work on their PC, perhaps they could do an HPR episode on this themselves. 35 Command Line FFT Packages There are several command line FFT packages. They will read data from std in or from a file and output the FFT. However, these are not packaged for Ubuntu and appear to be distributed as C source code which you would download and compile. You can experiment with those if you wish, but I felt they were a bit out of scope for discussion here as I am looking at common tools that are ready to use. 36 Here are two examples. One is Command-line Fast Fourier Transform utility https://github.com/gregfjohnson/fft Another is cli-fft https://github.com/jonolafur/cli-fft 37 I have not tried these and cannot say whether they are any good or not. Similarly, there are a number of FFT packages that are libraries for languages such as Python. If you want to take the time to write a short program to go with them, you can create a dedicated FFT command line program. However, I felt that this too was out of scope for what I was trying to do here. 38 Doing it the Hard Way Hypothetically, it may be possible to write an FFT function in bash bc, which is the arbitrary precision calculator language which is part of the standard shell package. I say hypothetically, because I have not tried it. I think it would be an interesting challenge, but I don't have the time at the moment to try it. If anyone feels motivated to give it a try, they're welcome to give it a go and then do a podcast episode on it. -------------------- 39 GNU Octave We have seen that as well as using features built into Audacity to analyze the audio spectrum to see the frequencies of undesired noises, we were able to do the same using a Libre Office spreadsheet. 40 Now we'll look at another bit of software, GNU Octave. GNU Octave is free software, licensed under the GPL V3 or later. It is a mathematical scripting language, very similar to Matlab. People use it for mathematical, engineering, and scientific work. It can be found in most Linux distros and is available for some other operating systems as well. 41 Octave has two features built in that we need for our purposes. It does FFTs, and it has a plotting system built in to produce graphs. -------------------- 42 We will take the same audio test file that we used with Audacity and Libre Office and use it here as well. The bash script to convert the flac file to text data is essentially the same, with the exception that file extension on the output file as is ".txt" instead of ".csv". This latter change was an arbitrary decision on my part. 43 As a quick review, this bash script uses sox to convert a flac file to a text ".dat" file. Then it uses tail, head, and awk to extract the first 65536 rows of data, skipping over the header information and ignoring the first column of time data. This script will be in the show notes. -------------------- #!/bin/bash # This version is for use with the GNU Octave script. sox hsnoisemono.flac hsnoisemono.dat tail hsnoisemono.dat -n+3 | head -n65536 | awk '{printf "%sn", $2}' > hsnoisemono.txt -------------------- 44 We now have a 1.1 MB file containing 65536 samples of data in text format. Now the next thing we need to do is to create a short Octave script file. I will just give a brief overview of the script here, the full script will be in the show notes. 45 I put the script in a file called "octavespectrum.m". I have never used Octave before now, but the convention seems to be to give the script a ".m" ending. The "she-bang" line is "#!/usr/bin/env octave". If you make the file executable you can run it like any other script, or you can type "octave" and then the name of the script to run. 46 I won't read out the script in detail, as that would be too hard to following along in a podcast. However, I pass several arguments to the script including the name of the data file, and then two integers that I use to limit the display area in the Y and X axes so I can have the chart focus on the areas of interest that I want to see. I also pass a string containing the name of the graphic file that I want the chart exported to. This was an arbitrary decision on my part and you can just hard code these values in if that is what you want to do. 47 The arguments are accessed by calling the "args()" function, which returns an array of strings. Next, it reads in the specified file using the "dlmread()" function. This reads all of the data into an array. 48 Next, it performs a hamming windowing function on the data. I'll explain that briefly. It is standard practice when doing FFT signal processing to "window" the signal. Since the signal sample is of finite length, it will stop at each end of the array. 49 Unless you were lucky enough for this to happen exactly at a zero crossing, this would produced an abrupt transition in the data which looks like "noise" to the FFT. The solution is to taper the signal off gradually towards the ends so that when it gets cut off the signal is fairly small at that point anyway. There are a variety of different windowing functions, but "hamming" seems to be the most commonly used. 50 Next, it does an FFT using the "fft()" function. 51 This gives us real and imaginary outputs. These are combined by summing the squares of each corresponding real and imaginary element and then taking the square root of each and storing that in a new array. This gives a single array of the same length as the originals, but combining the two output components. If anyone wants to tell me that this isn't how things are done in the audio world, they're welcome to make an HPR episode telling us all the right way to do things. 52 Then it does some scaling and selection of subsets of data so we get the X axis in hertz and just the number of samples that we wish to look at. If you are looking at the script, the thing to keep in mind is that Octave will work on entire arrays of data in a single operation. You don't need to write explicit loops for this. The looping is handled implicitly as part of the syntax. 53 It also does various other things that make the chart easier to read. The comments in the script describe these in more detail. Since this is a script it's easier to add these sorts of refinements than is the case for a spreadsheet so I have made the effort to add them. Finally it calls the "plot()" function. If an output graphics file name was provided, it also creates a PNG file containing the same image using the "saveas" function. 54 We now see the chart, and it looks more or less as expected. However, this chart is interactive. You can zoom and pan the data, something that you can't do with either Audacity or Libre Office. The chart window doesn't have a function for exporting the resulting chart to a "png" file, it will only save to an ".ofig" file. The ofig file is not a standard graphics file, it is a serialization of the chart data that can only be looked at using the Octave chart viewer. 55 Alternatively, you can just take a screenshot of the chart after you have interactively zoomed and panned to a point of interest. At the bottom left of the chart window is a pair of x-y coordinates which tell you the current position of the mouse pointer in chart units. This is very handy as it can be used to get the exact (or close to exact) frequency of each noise spike. 56 The Y axis is not scaled in any particular units such as dB, as I'm not sure how to do that according to audio industry conventions. On the other hand, I'm not sure that it's really necessary, as I don't know what dB means in tangible terms anyway. It does show relative sizes, so it helps to determine whether you have one noise frequency or multiple frequencies to worry about. 57 If anyone is familiar with how to scale the raw data from a flac file as exported by Sox into dB units according to audio industry convention, then they are welcome to create an HPR episode telling us how to do it. -------------------- 58 Comments on GNU Octave I had never used GNU Octave before this, although I had heard of it and it is quite a significant piece of software for a specific segment of users. 59 The syntax is a bit odd especially in how it deals with array operations, but I was able to google various examples and answers to eventually get this working. A few other peculiarities are that it uses the percent "%" character to denote a comment, and leaving out the semi-colon at the end of the line causes it to print the answer to the console after executing the statement. 60 The GNU Octave solution was harder to get working than the Libre Office method. However, once it was working it is easier to use repeatedly. If I were to want to automatically generate audio files with different filtering or other options and wanted to script the creation of a large number of images showing the results, this would be the way to do it. 61 When your run the Octave script you may get a warning which says something like "QSocketNotifier: Can only be used with threads started with QThread". This is apparently a routine warning message from the Qt graphics system which has no real significance in this context and can be ignored for our purposes. -------------------- 62 We now have a bash script which will use sox to extract the data from a flac file, and a GNU Octave script which can be used to display the resulting frequency spectrum. This does more or less the same thing as "Plot Spectrum" does in Audacity, but allows for zooming and panning to get a more detailed look at the data. 63 However it doesn't give you an absolute reading of the sound levels in dB, something that Audacity does provide. What I wanted it for though was to find the frequencies of the audible noise in the signal, something that it does quite well. -------------------- #!/usr/bin/env octave % Perform an FFT on the data in a file and plot the results. % ====================================================================== % The sampling frequency. This must be changed to accommodate the % actual sampling frequency if it was something else. samplefreq = 44100; % Thickness of line on plot. linewidth = 2; % ====================================================================== % The name of the data file is passed as a argument. args = argv(); if length(args) < 3 quit endif % File name. fname = args{1}; % Clip the peak values. peakclip = str2double(args{2}); % How much data to show, in kHz. rbound = str2double(args{3}) * 1000; % The optional file name to save a chart image to. if length(args) > 3 chartfile = args{4}; else chartfile = ""; endif % ====================================================================== % Read the data in from the file. sampledata = dlmread(fname); % Number of samples. samplecount = length(sampledata); % ====================================================================== % Window the data. This helps deal with the discontinuity of data at % each end of the array and the effects this has on introducing apparent % noise into the signal. windoweddata = (hamming(samplecount) .* sampledata); % ====================================================================== % Do the actual FFT. fftresults = fft(windoweddata); % Get real component. r = real(fftresults); % Get the imaginary component. i = imag(fftresults); % Combine the real and imaginary. In order to square each element of each % array, we must use the ".^" operator, not just "^". rfft = sqrt(r.^2 + i.^2); realfft = rfft(1:samplecount); % ====================================================================== % Scale factor for frequency. fscale = samplefreq / samplecount; % X axis scale, scaled to frequency. f = (0:samplefreq/2) * fscale; % Take a subset of the data if specified. rbound has to be re-scaled % from kHz to array increments. freq = f(1:min(rbound / fscale,length(f))); % y axis. We take the absolute value and then limit (clip) the peaks % so that a few large peaks don't obscure the smaller ones. mag = min(abs(realfft(1: length(freq))), peakclip); % Plot the results. figure; whandle = plot(freq, mag, 'LineWidth', linewidth); title(["Audio Spectrum of ", fname]); xlabel("Frequency (Hz)"); ylabel("Unscaled Magnitude"); grid on; % If the appropriate optional argument was specified, save the chart % to a file of that name. if length(chartfile) > 4 saveas(gcf, chartfile, "png"); endif % Need this so the plot window stays open. waitfor(whandle); % ====================================================================== -------------------- This is the shell script used with the above Octave script. The arguments are 1 - the file name for the input data file. 2 - The value to clip the peaks at. 3 - The upper frequency bound in kHz. 4 - The output graphics file name. #!/bin/bash octave octavespectrum.m hsnoisemono.txt 10 12 hsnoisemono.png -------------------- 64 Episode Conclusion In this episode we covered the following topics. What Fourier transforms are. Extracting data from audio files using Sox. Analyzing the data using Libre Office. Analyzing the data using GNU Octave. And, several alternative analysis methods. 65 Series Conclusion This is the end of a four part series on simple podcasting. In the first episode, we covered a simple podcast recording method. This first episode is all you really need to make a podcast. 66 In the second episode we covered basic filtering and a few other simple topics. The methods discussed in that episode provide basic improvements to your audio if you feel the need for it. 67 In the third episode we covered how to analyze audio noise problems using Audacity and additional filtering techniques to deal with specific problems that we may find. We also covered command line recording, playback, and getting information about an audio recording. 68 In the fourth episode we engaged in a bit of gratuitous hackery for the fun of it and showed how to use alternative software methods to analyze audio signals. 69 I hope that this series has been both useful and entertaining and that you will use the knowledge gained here to create and submit your own HPR podcast episodes. -------------------- -------------------- Provide feedback on this episode.

Generación XY continúa recuperando lo mejor de finales de los 70, los 80, los 90 y los primeros años de los 2000. Esta semana hablamos de: - "Mis Terrores Favoritos", el programa de Chicho Ibañez Serrador en el que recuperaba sus películas de miedo favoritas. - "Vivir Cada Día", el contenedor de documentales que nos describió cómo era la sociedad de los 80 - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal nos hablará de costumbres de los pueblos - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro nos hablará de Modern Talking y Pet Shop Boys - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Generación XY continúa al pie del cañón sacando del olvido lo mejor de finales de los 70, los 80, los 90 y comienzos de la década de los 2000. Esta semana hablaremos de: - "Daniel El Travieso", la película basada en el famoso personaje de comic - "Karaoke" la fiebre de programas de cantantes aficionados en la televisión de los 90 - "La Máquina del Tiempo" de María Berzal nos ayudará a recordar bebidas ya olvidadas - "El Tocata de Orlando Montoro" hablará de grupos musicales con voces femeninas como Olé Olé, Mecano y La Oreja de Van Gogh - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Generación XY continúa su labor de sacar del olvido lo mejor de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI. Esta semana lo hacemos hablando de: - El Viaje de Chihiro, una de las películas más premiadas de los Estudios Ghibli - Un día es un día, el programa de entrevistas de Angel Casas que siempre terminaba con un striptease - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal nos hablará de profesiones olvidadas o desaparecidas - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro hará un viaje musical por los 80 y los 90 Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

"A data sonification of the Lech River - the river as score"A river does not compose. It erodes, carries, deposits. Over centuries it traces a shape into the land — a shape that is the accumulated record of rainfall, geology, seasonal flood, and human intervention. This project begins with a simple question: what does that shape sound like?"Using computer vision applied to satellite imagery, I extracted the geometry of a segment of the Lech river. From this geometry I simulated 300 trajectories — triplets of coordinates describing the paths that small stones might travel as they roll along the water flow. Each triplet becomes a pair of pitches, derived from comparing the point's position within the river's width and the segment's length to a given musical scale. The data does not illustrate the river. It becomes the river's voice — oblique, distributed, never quite repeating.Listening like a river bank"The musical material is deliberately modest: long tones, broken arpeggios, pizzicatos. These are not interpretations of the data — they are its shadows. Harmonies emerge not from compositional intention but from the spatial distribution of 300 points across a riverbed. Some small musical forms surface briefly and dissolve, the way a eddy forms in shallow water and is gone before you have named it."The experience this work invites is close to a particular kind of attention — the attention of someone sitting on a bank, watching water. Not analysing. Not judging. Allowing the mind to follow the surface until the distinction between observer and observed quietly loosens. Patterns appear. Whether they are in the data or in us is precisely the question the piece does not answer."There is a specific joy available in this kind of surrender — in relinquishing the expectation that music should go somewhere, and discovering instead the pleasure of aleatory variety, of randomness that is not arbitrary because it carries the memory of a physical place.History flows with the river"The Lech is not only a natural form. It is a historical one. Its current shape reflects centuries of channeling, dredging, and management — the marks of communities that depended on it, altered it, lived beside it. The random paths of the simulated stones are therefore already entangled with human time."Late in the piece, this entanglement becomes explicit. The voice of a local Lorelei appears — drawn from my own translation of Andrea Zanzotto's poem "Femene che le lava", written in Venetian dialect. The poem recalls the women of his village descending to the river to wash clothes: an image so old it barely needs explaining.. Zanzotto's images — rooted in the Venetian foothills, in the sounds of a community already disappearing when he wrote — arrives as sediment does: carried from upstream, deposited gently, changing the texture of the riverbed."The voice does not resolve the piece. It passes through it, as the women passed through, as everything passes through.Technical note"Satellite imagery of the Lech river was processed using computer vision techniques to isolate the river's outline and identify its navigable segment. 300 coordinate triplets were then simulated within this area to model plausible stone trajectories along the water flow. Each point was mapped to two pitches by relating its X/Y coordinates to the river's local width and total segment length, using a fixed musical scale as the conversion frame. The resulting pitch sequences form the harmonic and melodic raw material of the composition, realized through sustained tones, arpeggiated figures, and pizzicato textures."I also incorporated some fragments of Francesco Ganassin's composition for the opposite side of the river, to blend our individual imagined soundscapes, together."Section of the river Lech reimagined by Sergio Marchesini. -------Flow is a creative exploration telling the story of a river through the power of sound. The project is a collaboration between the University of Padova and the University of Würzburg, with support from Cities and Memory. Explore the full project at https://citiesandmemory.com/flow.

Comenzamos este mes de mayo con un programa de Generación XY en el que hablaremos de: - "Un globo, dos globos, tres globos", el programa infantil más famoso de los últimos años de la década de los 70 - "The Wiz", la película musical inspirada en El Mago de Oz protagonizada por Diana Ross y Michael Jackson - "La Màquina del Tiempo" de María Berzal nos hablará de esas travesuras que hacíamos cuando éramos pequeños - "El Tocata" de Orlando Montoro nos hablará, cómo no, de Michael Jackson - Y en algun momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Generación XY continúa sacando del olvido lo mejor de finales de los 70, 80, los 90 y los comienzos de los 2000, y esta semana lo hace hablando de: - "Confianza Ciega", el primer reality de amor y desamor en la televisión española - "Código Fuego", la serie de bomberos protagonizada por Jose Coronado y Maribel Verdú. - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal nos hablará de esas cosas que ahora nos parecen tan normales pero en los 80 nos hubieran parecido mágia - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro nos hablará de Outkast - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Tras un parón obligado por problemas técnicos la semana pasada, Generación XY vuelve a la carga para seguir sacando del olvido lo mejor de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI. Esta semana hablaremos de: - Super Mario Bros, la primera película creada a partir de la mítica saga de video juegos - La Luna, el programa de entrevistas de Julia Otero - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal nos hablará de las tareas domésticas que nos hacían llevar a cabo en casa cuando éramos pequeños. - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro nos repasará los ecos musicales del año 95 al 2000 - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Dr. Kevin Christie explains how chiropractors can position themselves as the go-to disc injury expert in their community using an “audience builder” framework. He outlines an XY-axis positioning concept (expert vs. non-expert; generalist vs. specific) and emphasizes that clinical skill is essential but visibility and perception in the community determine whether patients see you as an expert. Dr. Christie recommends defining ideal patient psychographics before demographics, then selecting target groups prone to disc injuries and identifying offline and online congregation points to reach them. He also applies Donald Miller's StoryBrand messaging model to disc-injured golfers, clarifying external, internal, and philosophical conflicts to craft compelling content and outreach. Dr. Christie stresses that strong marketing must be matched by strong outcomes.

I genuinely believe every single person needs to hear this conversation. Jackie Blankenship is an intersex advocate who was born with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome — meaning she has XY chromosomes, but her body couldn't respond to testosterone, so she developed externally female. She also has no internal reproductive system and no vaginal canal. And she didn't tell a single soul until she was 40.In this episode, Jackie walks me through everything: what it actually means to be intersex, what her childhood was like being told to keep her diagnosis a secret, the surgery she had at 15 that she wasn't fully informed about and didn't consent to, the dilation therapy she went through at 18, and what it was like navigating relationships, intimacy, and marriage while carrying this secret for decades. We also talk about her journey to motherhood — her sister served as her gestational carrier, and the process of choosing a donor egg is something you truly have to hear to believe.And then there's the moment that changed everything: Jackie won Mrs. America. And while crowning the next queen live on stage, she read aloud a rule that she realized — in real time — wouldn't have included her. That was the moment she knew she had to speak up.We get into intersex advocacy, nonconsensual surgeries on intersex children, what the word "intersex" actually means versus transgender, what it's like to come out publicly in today's politically charged climate, and why Jackie says she doesn't consider her diagnosis a disorder — just a really cool quirky trait that the world needs to understand better.This episode will genuinely expand the way you think about the human body, identity, and what it means to live authentically.Sponsors:Ritual: For a limited time, save 25% on your first month at https://www.Ritual.com/REALSTUFFClean Simple Eats: Shop the best tasting protein drinks at https://www.CleanSimpleEats.comRhoback: Use code REALSTUFF at https://www.rhoback.com for 20% off your first order through the end of this week.Magnetic Me: Get 15% off at https://www.magneticme.comWatch this episode in video form on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjmevEcbh5h5FEX0pazPEtN86t7eb2OgX To apply to be a guest on the show, visit luciefink.com/apply and send us your story. I also want to extend a special thank you to East Love for the show's theme song, Rolling Stone. Follow the show on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/therealstuffpod Find Lucie here: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/luciebfink/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@luciebfink YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/luciebfinkWebsite: https://luciefink.com/ Subscribe to my free newsletter "The Lucie List" here: https://thelucielist.beehiiv.com/subscribeSubscribe to "The Creator Confidential": http://www.luciefink.com/confidentialExecutive Producer: Cloud10Produced by Dear Media.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Pondering Legging It, X=Y?, Porkhausen and Porkdevil, Some Horrible Little Freaks, Lights Out and some other stuff Go check out TAVERS: The Meow Wolf Roleplaying Game. We are not making any money from it, we just think its goodhttps://www.kickstarter.com/projects/exaltedfuneral/tavers-the-meow-wolf-roleplaying-gameBluesky:https://bsky.app/profile/dungeonsanddickheads.co.ukInstagram:https://www.instagram.com/dungeonsanddheads/Discord:https://discord.gg/brB2Agj65VPatreon:https://www.patreon.com/c/DungeonsAndDHeadsYouTube:https://www.youtube.com/@DungeonsAndDheads Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Generación XY vuelve para seguir rescantando del olvido lo mejor de finales de los 70, los 80, los 90 y los comienzos de los 2000. Esta semana hablaremos de: - "Los Soprano", la que para muchos es la mejor serie de la historia de la televisión - "Nunca digas nunca jamás", la película más rara de la saga de 007 - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal hablará de cómo han cambiado las formas de ligar - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro hará un repaso por algunos de los temas más recordados de los años 90 al 95 - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Most businesses don't fail because of a bad product — they fail because no one understands who they are.In this episode of The Unified Brand Podcast, we break down how to build a powerful brand positioning strategy that makes your business unmistakable, memorable, and impossible to ignore.You'll learn:Why unclear positioning kills growth (and forces you to compete on price)The difference between functional vs emotional positioningHow to deeply understand your audience beyond demographicsA simple X-Y positioning framework to uncover market gapsWhat “meaningful differentiation” really means (and why most get it wrong)A step-by-step formula to craft a powerful positioning statementThe hidden key to building a brand people remember and repeatPlus, a powerful bonus insight on why simplicity beats complexity when building iconic brands.If you want sharper messaging, stronger differentiation, and a brand that actually sticks — this episode is your blueprint.-----------------

When it comes to healthy eating, living with an XY chromosome comes with challenges. In this episode ,registered dietitians have a lot of fun breaking down the 5 pitfalls we see and how to overcome them so you feel your best (even if your husband or boyfriend only eats beige foods or scoffs at meatless meals).Get the FREE H.O.T. Mom guide here: www.kaitrichardsonrd.com/for-hot-momsReach your ultimate health goals! Book a 1:1 session with us: www.orlandodietitian.comDisclaimer: Kait and Megan are Registered Dietitians, not licensed therapists or medical doctors. This information is for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not meant to be a substitute for mental health counseling or medical advice.

Generación XY vuelve una semana más para continuar rescatando del olvido lo mejor de finales de los 70, los 80, los 90 y comienzos de los 2000. Esta semana hablaremos de: - ¿Pero esto qué es?: el programa de TVE donde debutó el duo Cruz y Raya - "Quédate a mi lado": la película más emotiva protagonizada por Susan Sarandon y Julia Roberts - La Máquina del Tiempo de María Berzal hará su repaso anual a los tests de la Super Pop - El Tocata de Orlando Montoro hará un repaso a los ecos musicales de los años 85 al 90 - Y como siempre en algún momento del programa hará su aparición el concurso de la melodía revival

Der Sport- und Fernsehmoderator spricht mit Arnd Zeigler u.a. über die eigenen sportlichen Ambitionen, seinen Weg zum Sportjournalisten, den emotionalsten Moment seiner Karriere, die besondere Beziehung zu seinem Vater und ein spezielles Ritual im Sportstudio. Außerdem erklärt er, wie sehr ihn Christian Streich beeindruckt hat und warum er dem "Hackl Schorsch" bis heute dankbar ist. Von Arnd Zeigler.

Ngày 18-3: Thánh Xy-ri-lô, Giám mục Giê-ru-sa-lem, Tiến sĩ Hội Thánh by TGP Hà Nội

本集節目由《經理人》總編輯齊立文，導讀矽谷創投天王彼得．提爾（Peter Thiel）的經典著作《從0到1》（Zero to One）。 你是否曾覺得，職場就像一場永無止盡的馬拉松，大家都在擠同一條賽道，拼命跑也只能贏過別人一點點？或者你常聽人說自己在做「從 0 到 1」的創新，但這分創新的含金量到底有多少？這本書自 2014 年出版以來全球銷量突破 500 萬本，2026 年再度推出經典重出版。此時重溫這本書，了解彼得．提爾如何透過哲學與法學背景，解構商業世界中殘酷又迷人的真相。 本集重點 1.你是「拔地而起」還是「複製貼上」？ 彼得．提爾用 X-Y 軸畫出了兩種進步路徑。「從 1 到 N」是水平進展，像是在不同國家複製同樣的商業模式；而「從 0 到 1」則是垂直進展，如同從打字機跨到個人電腦。這需要「技術領先對手 10 倍」的硬實力，讓你創造一個「別人追不上」的全新類別。 2. 壟斷是創新的避風港。傳統觀念認為競爭能促進進步，但提爾大膽主張：「競爭是給輸家的」。真正成功的企業（如 Google）是因為在利基市場取得壟斷地位，擁有足夠的利潤與資源去進行更長遠、更具野心的投資。他提出的「壟斷企業四項護城河」（專利技術、網路外部性、規模經濟、品牌形象），不只適用於科技業，更是每一位創業家與職涯規劃者應當檢視的標準。 3.做一個積極的未來樂觀主義者。提爾在面試時最愛問一個問題：「有什麼事實是你的看法與眾人相反，且你認為極其重要的？」這考驗你是否具備逆向思考的能力。真正的創新除了發現沒人看見的、無法解決的問題，還需要透過嚴密的規畫逐步實踐，以及對「人定勝天」的執著。 Powered by Firstory Hosting

What if the modern world looked different because the credits finally did too? We set out to restore names to the ideas that power daily life, sharing sixteen stories of women whose discoveries span DNA's double helix, nuclear fission, pulsars, parity violation, microbial genetics, and the X/Y blueprint of sex determination. From there we move through materials and medicine—Kevlar's lifesaving strength, Scotchgard's spill-proof chemistry, a windshield wiper that made storms drivable, a leprosy treatment unlocked by elegant esterification, and a radical shift from trial-and-error to rational drug design that led to antivirals, leukemia therapies, and organ transplantation.The creative and communications revolutions get their due, too. Hear how an actress-engineer, Hedy Lamarr, co-invented frequency hopping that later underpinned Wi‑Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. Track Monopoly's roots to Elizabeth Magie's Landlord's Game and its original lesson about monopoly power. Step into a courtroom where Margaret Keane proves authorship by painting under oath. Rewind to Alice Guy Blaché, who turned flickering experiments into narrative cinema and ran one of America's earliest studios. Each story reveals how intellectual property—patents, copyrights, and attribution—can either tether ideas to their makers or let them drift into anonymity.Threaded through every segment is a practical takeaway: curiosity starts discovery, precision proves it, and recognition completes it. We name the Matilda effect and show how institutions, markets, and timing shaped who got the prize and who got footnoted. By linking breakthroughs to their true authors, we build a more accurate map of progress and a wider on-ramp for future innovators. If these stories surprised you, share them, subscribe for more plain-talk IP, and leave a review with the one name you think should be taught in every classroom.Send a textCheck out "Protection for the Inventive Mind" – available now on Amazon in print and Kindle formats. The views and opinions expressed (by the host and guest(s)) in this podcast are strictly their own and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the entities with which they may be affiliated. This podcast should in no way be construed as promoting or criticizing any particular government policy, institutional position, private interest or commercial entity. Any content provided is for informational and educational purposes only.

Vereinbare jetzt dein kostenloses Erstgespräch: www.andreasbaulig.de/termin In der heutigen Episode von die Die Coaching-Revolution hörst du einen Leak von unserem exklusiven Sales-Bootcamp. Werde Zeuge wie Markus Baulig einen der häufigsten Killer-Einwände im Verkaufsgespräch zerlegt: „Ich will noch mal drüber schlafen“ – kombiniert mit „Ich arbeite ja schon mit jemandem zusammen“. Du erfährst, wie du solche Gespräche souverän führst, ohne einzuknicken, warum „ich muss erst XY fragen“ in 99 % der Fälle nur ein Vorwand ist und wie du stattdessen sauber qualifizierst. Vereinbare jetzt dein kostenloses Erstgespräch: www.andreasbaulig.de/termin Andreas Baulig & Markus Baulig zeigen dir, wie du dich als einer DER Nr.1 Experten in deiner Branche positionieren kannst und hohe Preise ab 2.000 Euro (und mehr) für deine Angebote & Dienstleistungen abrufen kannst. Als Coaches, Berater und Experten automatisiert Kunden im Internet gewinnen. Wie du Online Marketing nutzen kannst, um deine Produkte und Dienstleistungen erfolgreich zu verkaufen.

In this episode, Clint has a conversation with Joel Schwartzberg, communication coach, public speaking expert, and author of “Get to the Point!” During the discussion, Joel shares why most leaders struggle to communicate clearly, how the inability to define a true point undermines impact, and what it takes to craft messages that inspire understanding and action.Drawing on his experience as a national champion public speaker and executive communications leader, Joel explains the difference between sharing information and making a point, why audiences remember only one key idea at a time, and how leaders can sharpen their messaging to drive results. The conversation explores practical frameworks like the “I believe that…” test and the X-Y structure to ensure communication connects with what audiences care about most.Joel also provides actionable guidance on improving emails, presentations, and everyday workplace communication, from writing better subject lines to using PowerPoint more effectively. Packed with relatable examples and practical tools, this episode offers a clear roadmap for communicating with purpose, clarity, and influence.This is the first part of a two-part conversation.Topics Covered:Joel's journey from national champion public speaker to executive communication coachWhy most people don't actually have a clear pointThe difference between sharing information and making an argumentThe “I believe that…” test for sharpening your messageHow the X-Y framework connects ideas to meaningful impactWhy poor communication costs businesses billionsHow to tailor your message to your audience's needsThe biggest mistakes leaders make in presentations and meetingsWhen to use email vs. chat vs. meetings for effective communicationHow PowerPoint slide titles can strengthen message clarityWhy repeating your point improves retention and influenceHow to eliminate weak language and make communication more specificLinks & Resources:Joel's website - https://www.joelschwartzberg.net/Joel's LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/joelschwartzberg/Joel's book, “Get to the Point!” - https://amzn.to/3OsQqruClint's website - www.clintpadgett.comClint's LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/clintpadgett/Clint's book, “How Teams Triumph” - https://amzn.to/3JWD2KaClint's company, Project Success Inc - https://projectsuccess.com/

Ngày 14-02: Thánh Xy-ri-lô, đan sĩ và thánh Mê-tô-đi-ô, giám mục by TGP Hà Nội

The 79th Feeding Our Future scammer, Nascar Nicole, roping sturgeons on the Little Fork river, former Prince Andrew arrested, NWS got a foot of snow, more on the shooting at the RI hockey rink, playing the XX or XY game, why did the state DFL slam the GOP, Wade, Rod, and more...See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ngày 14-02: Thánh Xy-ri-lô, đan sĩ và thánh Mê-tô-đi-ô, giám mục by TGP Hà Nội

In tonight's episode, Andy & DJ discuss the Epstein emails being released potentially linking him to the creation of bitcoin, anti-ICE Minneapolis agitators setting up checkpoint to track federal agents, and Imane Khelif finally admitting To having XY chromosomes after 18 months of gaslighting.

身為音樂工作者、廣告配音員與典禮司儀，小眼的聲音，早已在各種場域中被反覆聽見。真正為他打開配音職涯大門的，是一支便利商店的廣告。他當場重現：「燒肉珍珠堡，三十元送一點。」高亢又精準的聲音表情，立刻抓住眾人的耳朵，也讓人不禁好奇──他的「聲音」，究竟是如何被發現與養成的？ 說話的藝術 TALK Is Thinking

Die 23-jährige Judith Thijsen hat gerade einen neuen Lebensabschnitt begonnen: Sie hat sich von ihrem Freund getrennt und eine neue kleine Wohnung bezogen. Die junge Frau besucht eine Fachschule für Sozialpädagogik, freut sich auf die Eigenständigkeit und blickt voller Optimismus in die Zukunft. Doch plötzlich verschwindet sie im September 2015 spurlos. Wenige Tage später wird ihr Auto in der Nähe des Klosterforsts in Loccum entdeckt. Hier hatte Judith oft Erholung gesucht – z. B. beim Meditieren, Sonnenbaden oder Lesen. Mit großem Aufgebot durchsucht die Polizei das Waldstück, doch ohne Erfolg. Dann findet ausgerechnet ein Angehöriger die Vermisste – ermordet und abseits der Waldwege unter Ästen versteckt. Zu Gast im Tonstudio bei Rudi Cerne und Conny Neumeyer: Der damalige Chefermittler, Kriminalhauptkommissar Christoph Burghardt von der Polizeiinspektion Nienburg/ Schaumburg. Er erzählt von den ungewöhnlichen Wendungen in dem Fall und einem winzigen Beweisstück, das alles änderte. Über die Probleme mit Therapien für Straftäter gibt die forensische Psychiaterin Dr. Nahlah Saimeh im Interview Auskunft. Link zur Folge "Tödlicher Freigang" von XY gelöst: https://www.zdf.de/play/dokus/xy-geloest-106/toedlicher-freigang-true-crime-reihe-mit-sven-voss-100 *** Moderation: Rudi Cerne, Conny Neumeyer   Gast: KHK Christoph Burghardt, PI Nienburg/Schaumburg Expertin: Dr. Nahlah Saimeh Autor dieser Folge: Rüdiger Wellnitz Audioproduktion & Technik: Christina Maier Leitung Postproduktion: Stephan Gossen Produktionsleitung Securitel: Marion Biefeld Produktionsleitung Bumm Film: Melanie Graf, Nina Kuhn Produktionsmanagement ZDF: Julian Best Leitung Digitale Redaktion Securitel: Nicola Haenisch-Korus Produzent Securitel: René Carl  Produzent Bumm Film: Nico Krappweis  Redaktion Securitel: Katharina Jakob, Zoë Jungblut Redaktion ZDF: Sonja Roy, Kirsten Zielonka Regie Bumm Film: David Gromer

Bir uygulamadan eşleştiniz ya da instagramdan ufak bir konuşmadan sonra, o malum soru geldi "XY'de Buluşalım mı?" Tamam ama nerede? Nasıl bir date? Karışık sorular ve sorunlarıyla ilk buluşmada nereye gidilir nereye gidilmez hepsi bu bölümümüzde! BMY etkinliklerine göz atmak için: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biletinial.com/tr-tr/tiyatro/bu-mu-yani-podcast-etkinligi⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠İnstagram: ⁠⁠bumuyanipodcast⁠⁠⁠Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/bumuyani.com ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠İletişim: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠bumuyanipodcast@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bu podcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠justwork⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ stüdyolarında kaydedilmiştir.

Rosalie groeit op als een gewoon meisje tot ze op haar 15de hoort dat ze XY-chromosomen en teelballen heeft. Geslacht blijkt veel complexer dan we denken: het is geen simpel verhaal van XX versus XY. Prof. dr. Martine Cools, kinderendocrinoloog aan de UGent, legt uit hoe geslachtsontwikkeling werkt en waarom niet iedereen 100 % man of vrouw is.Gastspreker: Martine CoolsRedactie: Alexander Van VlierbergheEindredactie: Katleen BrackeMontage: BroadwayDeze podcast is mogelijk dankzij de medewerking van KU Leuven, UAntwerpen, UGent, UHasselt, VUB en de Jonge Academie en komt tot stand met de steun van VRT, de spelers van de Nationale Loterij en de Vlaamse overheid.

Join us on this extra special FRIENDSgiving episode of BFGE where Sarah and Emma break ground by inviting their XY-chromosome'd friend Andrew over to watch the 1996 American classic, "The Crucible."  Join us as:- Emma explains the difference between Pilgrims and Puritans, while Andrew teaches about the bureaucracy of the actual Salem witch trials.- Sarah fights for #justice4abigail, a teenager who was immediately discarded like a used cumrag after married middle-aged John Proctor had sex with her once, maybe twice.- Was Arthur Miller kind of a shitbag? -  Emma loses her cool; Sarah needs the sex wheat.- Chekhov's heiferLike our stupid lil movie parties? Please drop us a rating on spotify/apple and follow us on instagram at: https://www.instagram.com/brutalfilmgirlpod/

In this episode of Now I Get It, I explore the fascinating intersection of language, culture, and gender identity—and how our words shape the way we perceive human difference. I dive into how languages like Chinese, English, and German handle gender differently, showing that grammatical gender often has nothing to do with biological sex. What started as simple sound harmonies and linguistic structures in ancient languages evolved into the gender categories we use today, even though the roots were never about “male” or “female” at all.From there, I take a closer look at the biological complexity of sex differentiation—and why the tidy binary of “male” and “female” doesn't capture the real diversity of human biology. Through examples like androgen insensitivity syndrome and variations in the SRY gene, I show how genetics and hormones don't always align neatly with societal definitions of gender or sex. The result? A compelling case for rethinking how we talk about identity and embracing the spectrum that actually exists.In this episode, you will learn:(00:45) How language structures gender—and why some languages don't even have it(02:30) The origins of grammatical gender and how it accidentally became tied to sex(03:50) Why English mostly lost grammatical gender (and what remains of it today)(04:20) What the SRY gene is and how it determines sex differentiation(05:10) The role of androgen insensitivity and how it challenges binary assumptions(06:30) Real-world examples of chromosomal diversity beyond XX and XY(07:40) Why our cultural obsession with binaries doesn't match biological or linguistic realityLet's connect!linktr.ee/drprandy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Lower East Side, Manhattan, NYC. A lively construction site with screaming saws, various impacts and machinery echoing off down the side streets near Essex Market in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. Recorded with an X-Y stereo pair. Recorded by Casey Danielson.

Aujourd'hui, je reçois le collectif XY, avec Airelle Caen, acrobate, et Virginie Benoist, chanteuse.Depuis vingt ans, le Collectif XY se distingue par son travail sur de grandes formes virtuoses, réinventant sans cesse les disciplines acrobatiques.Dans leur dernière création, Le Pas du Monde, deux chanteurs rejoignent les acrobates sous un dispositif sonore sophistiqué pour explorer la métamorphose du vivant.Cet entretien permet de saisir un fonctionnement profondément inspirant, où l'attention à l'autre est omniprésente, où chaque membre participe activement à la création, où l'unité du groupe prime sur l'individualité, et où le temps, bien précieux, s'étire par nécessité pour nourrir la réflexion collective.  On les écoute avec joie,

Im April 1995 verschwindet die 19-jährige Sonja Engelbrecht nach einem gemeinsamen Abend mit Bekannten in der Münchner Innenstadt spurlos. Während die Kripo in verschiedene Richtungen ermittelt, unternimmt auch die Familie der Vermissten alles, um Sonja wiederzufinden: Sie lässt Plakate drucken, tritt in Talkshows auf und engagiert in ihrer Verzweiflung sogar selbsternannte Hellseher, die das Leid der Angehörigen schamlos ausnutzen. Ein Vierteljahrhundert lang bleibt die Schülerin wie vom Erdboden verschluckt. Erst im Sommer 2020 entdeckt ein Forstarbeiter in einem Wald bei Kipfenberg nahe Eichstätt menschliche Knochen – es handelt sich um die sterblichen Überreste von Sonja Engelbrecht. In einer Felsspalte finden die Beamten erstmals Spuren, die zum Täter führen könnten – doch bis heute ist unklar, wer die junge Frau getötet hat. Zu Gast bei Rudi Cerne und Conny Neumeyer im Tonstudio: Erster Kriminalhauptkommissar Mathias Heidtmann vom KK11 des Münchner Polizeipräsidiums. Er berichtet von neuen Hinweisen und hofft weiterhin, den Fall nach 30 Jahren doch noch zu lösen. Im Interview berichtet Angela Nachtigall, die stellvertretende Redaktionsleiterin von „Aktenzeichen XY… Ungelöst“, von den bisherigen Erfahrungen mit Hellsehern bei der Verbrechensaufklärung – denn auch bei XY bieten immer wieder Menschen mit angeblich übersinnlichen Fähigkeiten ihre Hilfe an. *** Zeugenaufruf der Münchner Polizei zum ungeklärten Mord an Sonja Engelbrecht: https://www.polizei.bayern.de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/083312/index.html *** Moderation: Rudi Cerne, Conny Neumeyer Gäste & Experten: EKHK Mathias Heidtmann, KK11; Angela Nachtigall, stellvertretende Redaktionsleiterin von „Aktenzeichen XY… Ungelöst“ Autor dieser Folge: Rüdiger Wellnitz Audioproduktion & Technik: Lalita Hillgärtner, Christina Maier Produktionsleitung Securitel: Marion Biefeld  Produktionsleitung Bumm Film: Melanie Graf, Nina Kuhn  Produktionsmanagement ZDF: Julian Best Leitung Digitale Redaktion Securitel: Nicola Haenisch-Korus   Produzent Securitel: René Carl   Produzent Bumm Film: Nico Krappweis    Redaktion Securitel: Tim Rascher (CvD), Katharina Jakob, Zoë Jungblut Redaktion ZDF: Sonja Roy, Kirsten Zielonka  Regie Bumm Film: David Gromer

In this episode of Painting the Tape, Leo, Stowe, XY, and Nick dive deep into the art of execution in trading. The crew shares how their approaches to entering and exiting trades have evolved, debates the pros and cons of scaling in versus going full size right away, and challenges common trading platitudes like “never add to a loser.” They discuss risk management, adapting to volatility, and the mental game behind every decision.

Nuevo jueves, nuevo Radiojaputa. Esta semana hemos vuelto a nuestro formato habitual: con vuestros audios, nuestras intros y una entrevista que no queríamos dejar pasar. Comenzamos haciendo un repaso por otro verano del horror, sobre todo para las mujeres: violencia machista y cambio climático, Palestina y Afganistán… Allá donde ocurren tragedias, las del segundo sexo experimentan las peores consecuencias. Seguimos con el corazón de este proyecto: vosotras. Hoy nos hemos encontrado con audios para todos los gustos, desde una prima que vuelve del retiro feminista y se encuentra todo manga por hombro en casa, hasta una compañera que nos habla de cómo se ha empobrecido tras la separación de su pareja XY, pasando por una explicación de la machosfera y un repaso de la historia radiojaputil y de dónde viene eso del “único feminismo sensato que existe”. En la entrevista de hoy nos acompaña Ane, la madre que dio la voz de alarma sobre el campamento de Bernedo, en Álava, que se ha convertido en noticia este último mes al ser denunciado por varias familias a las que sus hijas e hijos contaron que los monitores los obligaban a ducharse sin ropa y sin separar por sexo, robándoles así cualquier intimidad, entre otras cosas. Terminamos el Radiojaputa 252 con un mensaje que nos ha dejado el corazón muy blandito. Para matrocinar este espacio, puedes hacerlo en radiojaputa.com. Para participar, mándanos un audio de whatsapp al (+34) 636 75 14 20. Si te han gustado las canciones, en Youtube puedes encontrarlas listadas por temporadas. Y ya está, prima, porque nos hemos quitado de en medio a Spotify, que nos tenía hasta el coño entre la censura a nuestro contenido y su apoyo a Israel ya es el colmo.

Cette fin de semaine est consacrée aux Journées du patrimoine, et quel plus beau patrimoine que notre langue ? C'est une œuvre d'art, un monument et une tradition. Bon, aimer ce n'est pas fermer les yeux, donc reconnaissons à notre langue quelques défauts : elle a une orthographe et une grammaire farceuses, et elle porte en elle, il faut le dire, une bonne dose de misogynie : il suffit tout de même qu'il y ait dans une pièce une seule paire de chromosomes XY, pour qu'on doive accorder toute sa population au masculin. "Les 29 filles et le garçon de ma classe sont intelligents", et non intelligentes. "Mes 3 cousines et mon cousin sont des crétins", et non des crétines...Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

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Season 2 of Painting the Tape kicks off with Leo, Stowe, XY, and Nick diving back into the world of trading, streaming, and community. The crew reflects on their journey from streaming novices to regulars on Ninja Trader Live, shares stories about their trading origins, and discusses the evolution of their strategies—from early mistakes to finding what works. They talk candidly about the realities of trading, the myths of “secret alpha,” and the importance of sharing knowledge openly. Plus, the team announces a new website packed with resources, playbooks, and answers to the “stupidest questions” about trading and order flow. Expect honest conversations, a few laughs, and a look ahead at what's coming this season.

In this episode of Painting the Tape, Leo, Stowe, Nick, and XY dive into the realities of trading and challenge the conventional wisdom that dominates trading communities. The crew discusses why the “path well traveled” isn't always the right one, debunking common trading platitudes and mental game clichés. They explore the importance of finding your own edge, the pitfalls of blindly following advice, and the evolving landscape of trading education, from legacy floor traders to the rise of online prop firms and social media influencers.With candid stories, sharp humor, and real-world insights, the hosts break down how new and experienced traders alike can navigate the noise, avoid scams, and develop a process that works for them.

“I want to share a recording from June 2025. It was recorded with zoom h1n – X/Y capsules, near Campo Imperatore in a place called ‘Little Tibet' in Parco nazionale […]

我觉得只要你用过电脑，你就应该用过WinRAR这款软件。这几乎是人尽皆知的压缩软件。它的故事，可以说是一部由天才程序员、一个独特的商业模式和时代需求共同谱写的传奇。大家好，我是栋哥，咱们又见面了。天才程序员的杰作WinRAR的核心，源于一位名叫尤金·罗谢尔（Eugene Roshal）的俄罗斯程序员。他出生于1972年，毕业于俄罗斯的南乌拉尔州立大学。在90年代初，个人电脑正在普及，但硬盘空间却非常宝贵，因此文件压缩技术成为了当时的热点。当时，市面上最流行的压缩格式是大家都很熟悉的ZIP格式，它由菲尔·卡茨（Phil Katz）创造。关于Phil Katz的故事，在我的电台的第72期天才与酒鬼，自私与无畏中已经讲过了，有兴趣的，可以去听听。然而，罗谢尔认为他可以做得更好。他着手开发一种新的压缩算法，目标是实现更高的压缩率和更强的数据恢复能力。这个算法的成果，就是RAR——Roshal ARchive（罗谢尔的归档）的缩写。好的，我们来详细介绍一下尤金·罗谢尔（Eugene Roshal），这位在软件世界中鼎鼎大名，却又异常低调的传奇程序员。他的故事充满了天才式的创造和一种独特的专注，正是这种专注，让他缔造了全球数亿人电脑中不可或缺的工具——WinRAR。个人简介与教育背景尤金·罗谢尔（全名：Yevgeniy Lazarevich Roshal，俄语：Евгений Лазаревич Рошал）于1972年3月10日出生在俄罗斯的工业城市车里雅宾斯克（Chelyabinsk）。这个城市有个著名的事件，在2013年的时候，一颗直径约18米、重达上万吨的小行星以超过6万公里/小时的超高速冲入地球大气层。它在车里雅宾斯克州上空约23公里的高空发生了剧烈的爆炸解体，形成了一个比太阳还要耀眼的超级火球。他毕业于南乌拉尔州立大学（South Ural State University），这是一所以技术和工程见长的学府。大学期间，他主修的是计算机工程相关的专业，这为他日后在软件开发领域取得的巨大成就打下了坚实的理论基础。然而，关于他的个人生活、兴趣爱好甚至一张清晰的照片都极难在公开渠道找到。他是一位典型的“代码背后的人”，选择让自己的作品替他发声，自己则远离公众的聚光灯，专注于技术的世界。这种低调和神秘，也为他的传奇增添了一抹独特的色彩。三大杰作：RAR, WinRAR, 和 FAR Manager尤金·罗谢尔的职业生涯主要以他创造的三个核心软件产品而闻名：RAR 压缩算法 (1993年)RAR 是 Roshal ARchive（罗谢尔的归档）的缩写，直接以他的姓氏命名。在90年代初，ZIP是主流的压缩格式。但罗谢尔认为可以创造出一种压缩率更高、容错性更强的算法。RAR算法因此诞生，它在技术上追求极致，尤其是在固实压缩（Solid Archiving）和数据恢复能力上，超越了当时的竞争者。罗谢尔公开了解压RAR文件的源代码（UnRAR），任何人都可以基于它开发解压功能，这也是为什么7-Zip、Bandizip等众多软件都能解压RAR文件的原因。但是，压缩RAR文件的算法至今仍是**专有（Proprietary）**的，并未开源。这意味着，要创建一个标准的RAR压缩包，理论上只能使用官方发布的软件。WinRAR 图形界面压缩软件 (1995年)随着Windows 95的发布，图形化操作界面成为主流。罗谢尔顺应潮流，为他的RAR算法开发了Windows下的图形化前端——WinRAR。巨大成功： WinRAR凭借其强大的功能（如分卷压缩、加密、强大的恢复记录）和对多种格式的兼容性，迅速风靡全球，成为了压缩软件的代名词。它的图标——三本被皮带捆绑的书，也成为了电脑用户最熟悉的符号之一。FAR Manager (1996年)高手的工具： 在开发WinRAR之后，罗谢尔还创造了另一款备受程序员和高级用户推崇的软件——FAR Manager。它是一个在Windows环境下运行的文本界面文件管理器，类似于经典的Norton Commander。特点： FAR Manager极其高效、可通过插件高度定制，对于需要频繁操作大量文件、注重键盘效率的用户来说，至今仍是一款“神器”。这也从侧面反映了罗谢尔本人作为一名硬核程序员的技术品味和开发理念。独特的“兄弟会”商业模式尤金·罗谢尔创造了软件，但商业上的事情他似乎并不关心。这就要提到他的哥哥——亚历山大·罗谢尔（Alexander Roshal）。为了能让自己全身心地投入到软件开发中，尤金将RAR算法和WinRAR软件的版权以及商业运营权，完全交给了他的哥哥亚历山大。这种兄弟间的明确分工，形成了一种非常高效且稳固的合作模式：弟弟尤金： 专注于技术，负责软件的开发、更新和维护，不断打磨产品。哥哥亚历山大： 负责商业决策，包括软件的许可、销售、市场推广以及法务问题。正是这种模式，让尤金可以几十年如一日地做他最擅长和最热爱的事情，而不被商业世界的琐事分心。这也解释了为什么WinRAR能在如此长的时间里保持高质量的更新。一个几乎“隐形”的开发者尤金·罗谢尔是互联网上最成功的软件开发者之一，但也是最低调的一个。你找不到任何关于他的专访，也看不到他在技术大会上发表演讲。他的所有交流，似乎都通过软件的更新日志和哥哥亚历山大的商业实体来完成。他不像比尔·盖茨或林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linux创始人）那样成为公众人物，而是选择了一种“事了拂衣去，深藏功与名”的方式。对他而言，最重要的事情可能就是不断优化代码，解决技术难题，并为全球用户提供一个稳定、强大的工具。尤金·罗谢尔是一位纯粹的技术极客和天才程序员。他用代码定义了自己，用卓越的产品影响了世界，同时又成功地将自己隐藏在了这些产品背后，保持着一个开发者最纯粹和专注的状态。1993年，第一个版本的RAR格式和对应的命令行程序发布了。它凭借比ZIP更高的压缩率，很快在技术爱好者中获得了关注。但真正让RAR走向大众的，是图形化操作系统的兴起。WinRAR的诞生与崛起随着Windows 95的巨大成功，图形界面成为了主流。罗谢尔看到了这个机遇，与他的兄弟亚历山大·罗谢尔（Alexander Roshal）合作，在1995年4月22日，正式发布了为Windows系统量身定做的压缩软件——WinRAR。WinRAR不仅仅是给RAR算法加了一个“壳”，它还带来了许多革命性的功能，使其在与WinZip等软件的竞争中脱颖而出。相比早期ZIP格式在处理非英文字符时可能出现的乱码问题，RAR格式对Unicode的良好支持，让它在中国用户中迅速赢得了口碑。“永不过期”的试用：一个独特的商业模式WinRAR最让用户津津乐道的，莫过于它那“名存实亡”的40天试用期。从法律上讲，WinRAR是一款共享软件（Shareware），用户可以免费下载和试用40天。40天后，每次启动软件，都会弹出一个窗口，提醒你购买许可。但有趣的是，即使你不购买，软件的所有功能依然可以正常使用，只是需要多点一下鼠标关掉那个弹窗。这种看似“佛系”的策略，实际上是一种非常高明的商业模式：“永不过期”的试用让WinRAR得以在全世界，尤其是在对软件付费意愿较低的地区，实现病毒式的传播，几乎成为了个人电脑的“装机必备”软件，培养了数以亿计的用户习惯。对于个人用户，官方采取了“闭两只眼”的态度。但对于注重软件合规和版权的企业用户，购买许可是必须的。庞大的个人用户基础，使得WinRAR在企业市场拥有极高的知名度和认可度，从而保证了稳定的收入。中国区的特色模式： WinRAR在中国区由代理商运营，并且探索出了独特的盈利方式。早期，它与下载站捆绑，后来则在软件中加入了广告弹窗。虽然这些弹窗有时会打扰用户，但也确实让这款“免费”软件得以在中国持续运营和更新。压缩的原理压缩的原理是一个非常有趣的话题，它是我们数字世界的基石之一。无论是发送照片、听音乐，还是打包文件，背后都离不开压缩技术。我们可以将压缩的原理归结为一个核心思想和两大主要分支。核心思想：消除“冗余”所有数据压缩的根本目的，都是为了消除信息中的“冗余”部分，从而用更少的数据位（bit）来表达相同或近似的信息。“冗余”可以理解为数据中重复的、可预测的、或不那么重要的部分。想象一下这个句子：猫猫说：“喵喵喵喵喵。”这句话里有大量的冗余。我们可以用一种更聪明的方式来记录它，比如：猫(重复)说：“喵(重复5次)。”你看，我们用更短的描述表达了完全相同的信息。计算机压缩算法做的也是类似的事情，只是它们处理的是由0和1组成的数据流，并且方法要复杂和高效得多。两大分支：无损压缩 vs. 有损压缩根据压缩后能否完美地恢复原始数据，压缩技术被分为两大阵营。无损压缩 (Lossless Compression)顾名思义，无损压缩可以100%地、完美地将压缩后的数据还原成原始数据，不会丢失任何一点信息。寻找数据中统计学上的冗余。它通过识别数据中的重复模式和规律，并用更短的符号来表示它们。常见算法举例：行程长度编码 (Run-Length Encoding, RLE)： 这是最简单的压缩算法。它会寻找连续重复的数据，并将其记录为“某个数据 + 重复次数”。原始数据：AAAAABBBBBBBWWWWRLE压缩后：A5B7W4 （5个A，7个B，4个W）这种方法对简单的图形（如logo、图标）非常有效，但对内容复杂的文本效果不佳。哈夫曼编码 (Huffman Coding)： 一种基于统计的巧妙方法。它会分析数据中所有元素（比如文本中的字符）出现的频率，给出现频率最高的元素分配最短的编码，给出现频率最低的元素分配最长的编码。在英文中，字母 e 出现的频率远高于 z。标准编码（ASCII）中，e 和 z 都占用8个bit。但哈夫曼编码可能会给 e 分配一个2-bit的编码，而给 z 分配一个10-bit的编码。总体算下来，整个文件就会小很多。LZ系列算法 (Lempel-Ziv)： 这是目前最主流的无损压缩算法，是 WinRAR、ZIP、7z 等软件的核心。它的原理是建立一个“字典”。当算法在数据中前进时，它会不断地将遇到的新词组存入字典。如果再次遇到这个词组，它就不再存储词组本身，而是存一个指向字典里该词组的简短“指针”（例如，“回到前面第X个位置，复制Y个长度的数据”）。在20世纪70年代，数据存储和传输的成本非常高昂。当时主流的压缩技术是基于统计学的，其中最著名的是哈夫曼编码（Huffman Coding）。哈夫曼编码的原理是分析数据中字符出现的频率，给高频字符分配短编码，给低频字符分配长编码，从而实现压缩。这种方法很有效，但有一个核心前提：你必须预先知道数据的统计特性，或者需要扫描两遍数据（第一遍统计频率，第二遍进行编码）。这使得它对于实时传输的数据流，或者内容特性不断变化的复杂文件来说，显得不够灵活和高效。当时的科学家们正在寻求一种更通用的、适应性更强的压缩方法，一种不需要预先了解数据内容就能工作的“通用算法”（Universal Algorithm）。故事的主角是两位来自以色列理工学院（Technion – Israel Institute of Technology）的学者：亚伯拉罕·蓝波（Abraham Lempel）和雅各布·立夫（Jacob Ziv）他们两人致力于信息论和数据压缩的研究，并构想出了一种革命性的新方法。核心思想：用数据自身作为“字典”Lempel和Ziv的核心创想是颠覆性的：为什么我们需要一个预先定义的、固定的编码本（字典）呢？我们完全可以用数据自身来动态地创建这个字典！他们的基本逻辑是：在一段不完全随机的数据中，某些字符串序列很可能会重复出现。如果我们能找到这些重复的部分，并用一个简短的“引用”来替代后面的重复序列，就能实现压缩。这个“引用”就相当于告诉解压程序：“回到前面第X个位置，复制Y个长度的数据”。基于这个核心思想，他们在信息论领域的顶级期刊《IEEE Transactions on Information Theory》上连续发表了两篇里程碑式的论文，分别提出了两种具体的实现算法。1. LZ77算法 (1977年)1977年，他们发表了题为《A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data Compression》（一种用于序列数据的通用算法）的论文，正式提出了LZ77算法。滑动窗口（Sliding Window） LZ77的实现方式非常巧妙。它在数据流中维护一个“滑动窗口”，这个窗口分为两部分：一部分是刚刚处理过的历史数据（作为“字典”），另一部分是即将要处理的待编码数据。 算法会努力在历史数据中为待编码数据寻找最长的匹配项。如果找到了，就输出一个指向历史数据的（距离，长度）对；如果找不到，就直接输出原始字符。这个“滑动窗口”的思想成为了后续许多压缩算法的基石，包括大名鼎鼎的 DEFLATE 算法，后者正是我们今天每天都在使用的 ZIP、GZIP 和 PNG 等格式的核心。2. LZ78算法 (1978年)一年后，即1978年，他们又发表了第二篇论文《Compression of Individual Sequences via Variable-Rate Coding》，提出了对前一思想的另一种实现——LZ78算法。显式构建字典（Explicit Dictionary） 与LZ77不同，LZ78不再使用滑动窗口，而是从头开始，逐步地、显式地构建一个字典。它会不断读取新的字符串，如果这个字符串不在字典里，就把它添加进去，并输出（字典中上一个匹配项的索引 + 当前新字符）。LZ78的思路更清晰，也更容易在硬件中实现。它直接催生了一个非常重要的商业化变体——LZW算法（Lempel-Ziv-Welch）。LZW由美国学者Terry Welch在1984年对LZ78进行了优化，后来被广泛应用于GIF图片格式和早期的Unix compress命令中，是计算机数据压缩技术第一次大规模普及的功臣。Lempel-Ziv算法的由来，可以看作是数据压缩技术从“静态统计模型”向“动态字典模型”的一次革命性转变。它摆脱了对数据先验知识的依赖，是一种真正自适应的“通用”压缩算法。LZ77和LZ78这两种看似不同但思想相通的实现，为后来的压缩技术发展开辟了两条主要道路。从ZIP文件到PNG图片，从网络传输到数据存储，我们今天的数字生活几乎无处不在地享受着Lempel和Ziv这两位学者在40多年前的开创性工作所带来的便利。为了表彰他们的贡献，IEEE在2004年将他们的算法命名为“IEEE里程碑”。我为什么对这个压缩算法比较了解，这与我曾经参与过的一个项目有关。在我读研究生的时候，Sony的PlayStation 3发布，里面用的CPU叫Cell，是三家公司合作研发的，这3家公司分别是Sony，Toshiba和IBM，简称STI联盟。这个Cell的CPU非常奇怪，当时大家都是搞对称多核，比如2个，4个，8个，16个核心，但是这个Cell是9核心。传统CPU就像一个（或几个）能力全面的“大管家”，每个核心都能处理各种复杂的任务。而Cell的设计则像是一个一个大管家带着八个小专家的团队。1个“大管家” - PPE (Power Processing Element): 这是一个基于IBM PowerPC架构的通用核心，相对传统，负责运行操作系统、协调任务和处理常规逻辑。它的任务是“发号施令”。8个“小专家” - SPE (Synergistic Processing Elements): 这才是Cell的精髓所在。每个SPE都是一个精简但高效的矢量处理器，它们不处理复杂的通用任务，只专注于一件事：大规模的并行浮点运算。这正是3D图形、物理模拟和视频编解码等任务最需要的计算能力。它们负责“干苦力活”。理论上，当PPE将任务完美地分解并分配给8个SPE（PS3中为确保良率，只启用了7个）协同工作时，Cell能爆发出远超同期传统CPU的恐怖计算性能，其浮点运算能力在当时达到了惊人的230 GFLOPS，这在消费级产品中是前所未闻的。但是，这对编程来说是个灾难。Cell的理论性能无比强大，但要将其转化为实际的游戏画面，却给游戏开发者们带来了巨大的痛苦，甚至被形容为“地狱般的编程体验”。但是也要推广啊，IBM就到学校里去推广这个Cell，先从学生入手。提交了就有2000还是3000的钱，如果再得一个奖，就更多了，我就跟2个同学去报名了，不管会不会，先报上名再说。反正大家都不会。每个SPE都拥有自己的一块高速但极小的本地内存（256KB）。开发者必须手动编写代码，将需要处理的数据从主内存搬运到SPE的本地内存，计算完成后再手动搬回去。这个过程极其繁琐且极易出错，稍有不慎就会导致严重的性能瓶颈。如何将一个复杂的游戏任务（如物理计算、AI、音频处理）完美地拆分成多个子任务，并让所有SPE高效地协同工作，这对程序员的并行编程能力提出了前所未有的高要求。我们3个的目标是拿到这个钱，就做了一个相对简单的，把7-zip这个开源的代码，移植到这个Cell上跑，然后证明这个Cell确实比单核的NB。后来我们确实拿到了钱，每个人分了1000块。不过也让我意识到，多核编程并不适合所有的任务。LZMA是字典式压缩，压缩过程中的每一步都严重依赖前一步的结果。算法需要不断地在巨大的“字典”（刚压缩过的数据）中回头查找最长的匹配项，这个过程是线性的、串行的，很难拆分成8个独立的并行任务。 压缩算法充满了对比特和字节的操作、整数计算以及复杂的逻辑判断，几乎不涉及浮点运算。而SPE是为海量的浮点数学运算而生的，这是图形学和科学计算的核心。SPE的内部逻辑单元很简单，没有复杂的“分支预测”等功能，它喜欢执行重复、直接的指令。SPE依赖于从主内存到其256KB本地小内存的高速数据传输（DMA）。它最喜欢可预测的、连续的数据块。而LZMA的随机字典查找会彻底破坏这种模式，导致SPE不断地请求零碎、不连续的数据，大部分时间都浪费在等待数据“喂”到嘴里，而不是在计算。最终，所有这些复杂的、无法并行的逻辑和任务调度都只能由那个唯一的“大管家”PPE来处理。而PPE本身只是一个性能尚可的通用核心，它很快就会不堪重负，成为整个系统的瓶颈，而那8个强大的SPE“专家”却无事可做。用Cell跑7-Zip，是一种典型的“让英雄无用武之地”的场景，无法发挥Cell的任何架构优势，最终的性能表现自然也不会理想。这恰好证明了在计算机世界里，“最合适的”远比“理论上最强大的”更加重要。有损压缩 (Lossy Compression)有损压缩则会永久性地、有选择地丢弃一部分数据，以换取极高的压缩率。当然，它丢弃的不是随机数据，而是人眼或人耳最不敏感的数据。利用人类感官的生理和心理特性（心理声学模型和心理视觉模型）。我们的感官系统并非完美，对某些信息的感知能力有限，有损压缩正是利用了这一点。常见算法举例：JPEG (图片)人的眼睛对亮度的敏感度远高于对色彩的敏感度。JPEG会保留大部分亮度信息，但会将一些相近的色彩“合并”成同一种颜色，从而大大减少数据量。对于一张色彩丰富的照片，这种细微的色彩损失你几乎无法察觉。它会将图像分解成不同频率的波形，并大量丢弃代表图像细节（如纹理）的高频部分，因为人眼对平滑的低频部分更敏感。MP3 (音频)利用“遮蔽效应”，这是心理声学的核心。当一个很强的声音（比如鼓声）和一个很弱的声音（比如微弱的弦乐）同时出现时，你的耳朵很可能只能听到那个强的声音。MP3编码器就会聪明地把那个你反正也听不到的弱声音直接从数据中剔除掉。MPEG/H.264 (视频)视频压缩是集大成者。它不仅会对每一帧图像进行类似JPEG的有损压缩，更重要的是，它会分析帧与帧之间的差别。如果画面中只有一个人在说话，背景是静止的，那么压缩器就没必要把每一帧的背景都重新存一遍。它只会存储一次背景，然后只记录接下来几帧中发生变化的部分（比如嘴部的动作）。简单来说，当你需要保证数据的绝对保真时，选择无损压缩；当你追求更小的文件体积且能接受微小质量损失时，有损压缩是更好的选择。这两类技术共同协作，才支撑起了我们今天高效便捷的数字生活。WinRAR的核心算法属于无损压缩技术。更具体地说，它主要基于大名鼎鼎的 LZ系列算法（Lempel-Ziv），并在此基础上进行了大量的优化和改进，形成了自己独特的、专有的压缩算法。WinRAR的算法是一种高度优化的、专有的无损压缩技术。它以LZ系列字典式压缩为核心，并融合了固实压缩、特定数据预处理等多种先进技术，使其在压缩率和功能性上长期处于行业领先地位。WinRAR的故事，是一个关于技术、远见和独特商业策略的成功案例。它诞生于一个对文件压缩有迫切需求的时代，凭借其创始人出色的技术实力和对用户需求的精准把握，迅速占领了市场。而它那“永不过期”的试用模式，更是在商业世界中显得独树一帜，最终成就了它在全球范围内无与伦比的普及度。时至今日，尽管云存储和各种新兴传输方式不断涌现，但WinRAR依然是许多人电脑中不可或缺的工具之一。下一次，当你熟练地右键点击文件，选择“添加到压缩包”时，可以回想一下这个由俄罗斯程序员兄弟创造的、已经流行了近三十年的软件传奇。

This episode explores the fundamental mindset of building your vocabulary, extending beyond literal words to conceptual understanding and mental models, and how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for expanding and refining this crucial skill for career growth, clarity, and navigating disruptions.Uncover why building your vocabulary is a fundamental skill that can help you navigate career transitions, disruptions (such as those caused by AI), and changes in roles.Understand that "vocabulary" goes beyond literal words to include mental models, understanding your own self, specific diagrams (like causal loop diagrams or C4 diagrams), and programming paradigms or design patterns. This conceptual vocabulary provides access to nuanced and powerful ways of thinking.Learn how LLMs can be incredibly useful for refining and expanding your conceptual vocabulary, allowing you to explore new subjects, understand systems, and identify leverage points. They can help you understand the connotations, origins, and applications of concepts, as well as how they piece together with adjacent ideas.Discover why starting with fundamental primitives like inputs, outputs, flows, and system types can help you develop vocabulary, and how LLMs can suggest widely used tools or visualisations based on these primitives (e.g., a scatter plot for XY data).Explore why focusing on understanding the "why" and "when" of using a concept or tool is a much higher leverage skill than merely knowing "how" to use it, enabling you to piece together different vocabulary pieces for deeper insights.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-19, 2025: Dr. Dawn presents the VITAL study evidence showing 2,000 IU daily vitamin D prevents telomere shortening in immune cells, effectively slowing biological aging by three years. Groundbreaking mouse research reveals maternal iron deficiency can alter fetal sex development. When iron levels dropped 60%, the SYR gene controlling male development switched off, causing 6 of 39 XY offspring to develop ovaries instead of testes. Thus, mammalian sex can be influenced by environmental factors just like in amphibians and fish. Dr. Dawn connects this to gender identity questions, advocating supporting puberty blockers based on their 30-year safety record. Dr. Dawn advocates widespread CPR and AED training after describing a successful Buffalo airport rescue. With 350,000 annual out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and 90% fatality rates, immediate AED intervention can triple survival odds. She promotes the Pulsepoint app registering 185,000 AEDs and praises countries like Norway achieving 90% population CPR training through driver's license requirements. Post-Roe v. Wade data shows vasectomies doubled in men aged 19-26 while tubal ligations rose 70%, mostly in abortion-ban states. Dr. Dawn notes the irony that policies intended to increase births prompted widespread voluntary sterilization. Environmental concerns from January 2025 Moss Landing battery fire and LA wildfires highlight toxic contamination from burning lithium, plastics, and building materials. She advocates fire-resistant landscaping and home hardening, noting some fire-resistant homes survived while surroundings burned. British research shows pet ownership provides life satisfaction equivalent to $90,000 annual income boost. Dr. Dawn experiences this firsthand, noting pets provide family-like benefits without complex interpersonal dynamics. Sleep study reveals 15 minutes additional nightly sleep improves cognitive performance in tweens. Children sleeping 7.25 versus 7.10 hours showed better academics and larger brain volumes, though Dr. Dawn questions causation versus correlation. Mayo Clinic identified Interleukin-23 as a reliable cellular senescence biomarker across multiple tissues. Natural compounds like quercetin, fisetin, and luteolin can reduce these aging markers, supporting her dietary supplementation philosophy.

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 6-19, 2025: Dr. Dawn presents the VITAL study evidence showing 2,000 IU daily vitamin D prevents telomere shortening in immune cells, effectively slowing biological aging by three years. Groundbreaking mouse research reveals maternal iron deficiency can alter fetal sex development. When iron levels dropped 60%, the SYR gene controlling male development switched off, causing 6 of 39 XY offspring to develop ovaries instead of testes. Thus, mammalian sex can be influenced by environmental factors just like in amphibians and fish. Dr. Dawn connects this to gender identity questions, advocating supporting puberty blockers based on their 30-year safety record. Dr. Dawn advocates widespread CPR and AED training after describing a successful Buffalo airport rescue. With 350,000 annual out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and 90% fatality rates, immediate AED intervention can triple survival odds. She promotes the Pulsepoint app registering 185,000 AEDs and praises countries like Norway achieving 90% population CPR training through driver's license requirements. Post-Roe v. Wade data shows vasectomies doubled in men aged 19-26 while tubal ligations rose 70%, mostly in abortion-ban states. Dr. Dawn notes the irony that policies intended to increase births prompted widespread voluntary sterilization. Environmental concerns from January 2025 Moss Landing battery fire and LA wildfires highlight toxic contamination from burning lithium, plastics, and building materials. She advocates fire-resistant landscaping and home hardening, noting some fire-resistant homes survived while surroundings burned. British research shows pet ownership provides life satisfaction equivalent to $90,000 annual income boost. Dr. Dawn experiences this firsthand, noting pets provide family-like benefits without complex interpersonal dynamics. Sleep study reveals 15 minutes additional nightly sleep improves cognitive performance in tweens. Children sleeping 7.25 versus 7.10 hours showed better academics and larger brain volumes, though Dr. Dawn questions causation versus correlation. Mayo Clinic identified Interleukin-23 as a reliable cellular senescence biomarker across multiple tissues. Natural compounds like quercetin, fisetin, and luteolin can reduce these aging markers, supporting her dietary supplementation philosophy.

Olympic boxer Main Khalif's leaked lab results confirm XY chromosomes, raising outrage over trans athletes competing in women's sports. The panel breaks down the story, JK Rowling's reaction, and how institutions are enabling biological males in female events.