Podcasts about Taung

One hundred years ago, a paper was published in the journal Nature that would radically shift our understandings of the origins of humanity. It described a fossil, found in a lime mine in Taung in South Africa, which became known as the Taung child skull. The paper's author, an Australian-born anatomist called Raymond Dart, argued that the fossil was a new species of hominin called Australopithecus africanus. It was the first evidence that humanity originated in Africa. In this episode, we talk to science historian Christa Kuljian about Dart's complicated legacy and to paleoanthropologist Dipuo Kgotleng about what's happened to the city of Taung itself, and how paleoanthropology has changed over the last century. This episode of The Conversation Weekly was presented by Gemma Ware and written and produced by Katie Flood with assistance from Mend Mariwany. Sound design was by Eloise Stevens, and theme music by Neeta Sarl. Full credits for this episode are available. Sign up here for a free daily newsletter from The Conversation.If you like the show, please consider donating to The Conversation, an independent, not-for-profit news organisation.How old are South African fossils like the Taung Child? New study offers an answerThe fossil skull that rocked the world – 100 years later scientists are grappling with the Taung find's complex colonial legacy

Pippa speaks to Dr Robyn Pickering is the co-director of UCT’s Human Evolution Research Institute about the most significant archaeological discoveries of our time. It’s the 100th anniversary of the Taung Child, a fossil discovery which forced scientists to reconsider what they knew about man’s origins, and to recognise Africa as the birthplace of humankind. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

WARNING: The following story contains graphic details that could offend sensitive listerners including children! The brutal killing of 11 year old girl in Modutung village near Taung in the North West has left her family and the community devastated. Rethabile Jackson's charred body was found in a shallow pit, after she went missing for few days. According to police crime statistics for the first quarter of the 2024/25 financial year, child murders in South Africa have increased by 7.2 percent to 314, compared with the same period last year. SABC News Reporter Thabiso Moss compiled this report.

Ray White chats with PAST CEO Kimberleigh Tommy about the 'Taung infant', a new Australopithecus discovery, and how even after 100 years, the Tauna infant skull continues to reveal secrets about human development.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The savanna hypothesis suggests that early human ancestors evolved in open grasslands. Raymond Dart's 1925 discovery of Australopithecus africanus at Taung supported this idea. Lucy's 1974 discovery confirmed bipedalism in Australopithecus species but raised questions about their tree-dwelling habits. Studies since then have refined our understanding of ancient habitats and climates, showing that human evolution involved interactions with various environments, not just savannas. This requires a nuanced view of biomes, climates, and habitats to understand how early humans adapted and evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39819]

The savanna hypothesis suggests that early human ancestors evolved in open grasslands. Raymond Dart's 1925 discovery of Australopithecus africanus at Taung supported this idea. Lucy's 1974 discovery confirmed bipedalism in Australopithecus species but raised questions about their tree-dwelling habits. Studies since then have refined our understanding of ancient habitats and climates, showing that human evolution involved interactions with various environments, not just savannas. This requires a nuanced view of biomes, climates, and habitats to understand how early humans adapted and evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39819]

The savanna hypothesis suggests that early human ancestors evolved in open grasslands. Raymond Dart's 1925 discovery of Australopithecus africanus at Taung supported this idea. Lucy's 1974 discovery confirmed bipedalism in Australopithecus species but raised questions about their tree-dwelling habits. Studies since then have refined our understanding of ancient habitats and climates, showing that human evolution involved interactions with various environments, not just savannas. This requires a nuanced view of biomes, climates, and habitats to understand how early humans adapted and evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39819]

The savanna hypothesis suggests that early human ancestors evolved in open grasslands. Raymond Dart's 1925 discovery of Australopithecus africanus at Taung supported this idea. Lucy's 1974 discovery confirmed bipedalism in Australopithecus species but raised questions about their tree-dwelling habits. Studies since then have refined our understanding of ancient habitats and climates, showing that human evolution involved interactions with various environments, not just savannas. This requires a nuanced view of biomes, climates, and habitats to understand how early humans adapted and evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39819]

The savanna hypothesis suggests that early human ancestors evolved in open grasslands. Raymond Dart's 1925 discovery of Australopithecus africanus at Taung supported this idea. Lucy's 1974 discovery confirmed bipedalism in Australopithecus species but raised questions about their tree-dwelling habits. Studies since then have refined our understanding of ancient habitats and climates, showing that human evolution involved interactions with various environments, not just savannas. This requires a nuanced view of biomes, climates, and habitats to understand how early humans adapted and evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Humanities] [Science] [Show ID: 39819]

After a curious coincidence in 1924, the world's weirdest paperweight was revealed to be the fossilized remains of one of our earliest ancestors.To learn more about today's topic, check out:Lee R. Berger, & Ronald J. Clarke. (1996). The load of the Taung child. Nature, 379(6568), 778-779.Berger, L.R., Clarke, R.J., 1995. Eagle involvement of the Taung child fauna. Journal of Human Evolution 29, 275-299.Dart, Raymond A. (1925), "Australopithecus africanus: The Man-Ape of South Africa", Nature, 115: 195–199, doi:10.1038/115195a0.——— (1929), Australopithecus africanus: And His Place in Human Nature, Unpublished manuscript in the University of Witwatersrand archives.SA fossil murder mystery solved (BBC)Taung Child (Smithsonian) Australopithecus africanus (Smithsonian)

"From Ho Taung Poro" (Essay) by Nyo Tun Luu, Loot Lat Nway Oo.This item belongs to: audio/opensource_audio.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Item Tile, Metadata, PNG, Spectrogram, VBR MP3

Mandalore the Ultimate was considered one of the most powerful warriors of his time and tended to fight with overwhelming force and war droids. He was one of the last Taung to claim the Mandalore title and was known to some as the "Great Shadow Father" He sought to lift his people from the hole of betrayal and humiliation that plagued them since the Great Sith War With highly advanced equipment and weapons he dominated the battle field. He wore an armor made of Mandalorian iron, also known as Beskar, that was highly resistant to blaster fire, lightsabers, and other types of attacks. He carried a personalized helmet that had a long T-shaped visor and a jetpack that allowed him to fly through the air. His primary weapon was a customized Mandalorian ripper, a melee weapon that could cut through almost anything with ease The Ripper was a large vibrosword that he carried with him during battles. It was a symbol of Mandalore the Ultimate's leadership and prowess in battle. Mandalore the Ultimate had a strong mentality towards Mandalorians. He saw them as the greatest warriors in the galaxy and believed that they should be united under his leadership to conquer the galaxy. He was highly respected by the Mandalorians, who saw him as a leader who could bring them glory and honor. He was also known to be highly intelligent and strategic, able to make decisions that would lead his army to victory. Mandalore the Ultimate disliked the Jedi, as most Mandalorians did, he saw Jedi as weak and inferior to Mandalorians. He believed that the Jedi Order was holding the galaxy back and needed to be eliminated. His strong disdain for the Jedi due originated from their interference in the Mandalorian Wars. The Jedi Order, who were opposed to the Mandalorian aggression and the war they waged on the Galactic Republic, intervened in the conflict by supporting the Republic's forces. This intervention ultimately resulted in the defeat of the Mandalorians. Mandalore viewed the Jedi as meddlers and interfering do-gooders who prevented the Mandalorians from achieving their goals. Additionally, the Mandalorians held the belief that the Jedi's use of the Force was a cheap trick and not a true measure of strength. Mandalore's hatred for the Jedi may also have been fueled by a sense of pride and honor, as the Mandalorians saw themselves as superior warriors and resented being defeated by those they deemed inferior. Mandalore the Ultimate engaged in a one-on-one battle with the Jedi Knight Revan on the planet's surface. The details of the fight are unclear, but it is known that Mandalore was killed in battle, and his helmet was taken by Revan as a trophy. His death was a turning point for the Mandalorian people, who were forced to retreat and eventually lost the war. Despite this, Mandalore the Ultimate is remembered as a hero and a symbol of Mandalorian strength and honor During his reign, Mandalore the Ultimate changed Mandalorian culture in significant ways. He created the Mandalorian Neo-Crusaders, a military force that brought the Mandalorian people together and allowed them to conquer other worlds. He also implemented a new code of honor for the Mandalore. Now Mandalore the Great was a Mandalorian leader who held the title of Mandalore in The Mandalorian show on Disney plus. He led a series of conflicts against the Jedi Order in ancient times. By the time of the New Republic, the Jedi had become a myth, though the battles between Mandalore the Great and the Jedi were known to some Mandalorians through ancient songs. He was known to have rode into battle riding a mythosaur, leading the mandalorians. It is is said whoever can tame the mythosaur beast and ride it into battle again one day, will lead all of Mandalore once again. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Mandalore the Ultimate, was the leader of the Mandalorian people during the Mandalorian Wars. Born on the planet Mandalore and as a member of the Taung species, he was trained for war from a young age. He became the leader of the Mandalorian Crusaders and led them into battle against the Old Republic. He was known for his red cape, battle armor, and helmet, which once belonged to Mandalore the Indomitable.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

"Die Asche der Taung schlägt stark im Herzen der Mandalorianer!"- Auszug aus den traditionellen Versen Dha Werda VerdaDie Taung sind eine nomadische Spezies, deren Heimatwelt das heutige Coruscant ist. Sie sind schon seit vielen tausend Jahren aus der Galaxie verschwunden. Doch ihr Erbe lebt fast unberührt in den Mandalorianern weiter, zu denen sie schlussendlich aufgestiegen sind. Doch wie ist dieses in Klans aufgespaltene Volk zu einer der Größten und wehrhaftesten Mächte in der Galaxie geworden? Wie wurden aus den Taung die Mandalorianer? Und warum existiert ihre Spezies zur Zeit der Schlacht von Yavin nicht mehr? Was ist der Kanon der Ehre und wie werde ich eigentlich ein Mandalorianer?Das alles und mehr erfahrt ihr in der neusten Folge Datacrons! Lauscht eurem Lieblingsmandalorianer Kryos, der seine Findelkinder Leif und Yrm in die Gebräuche seines Volkes einführt.

After a curious coincidence in 1924, the world's weirdest paperweight was revealed to be the fossilized remains of one of our earliest ancestors.To learn more about today's topic, check out:Lee R. Berger, & Ronald J. Clarke. (1996). The load of the Taung child. Nature, 379(6568), 778-779.Berger, L.R., Clarke, R.J., 1995. Eagle involvement of the Taung child fauna. Journal of Human Evolution 29, 275-299.Dart, Raymond A. (1925), "Australopithecus africanus: The Man-Ape of South Africa", Nature, 115: 195–199, doi:10.1038/115195a0.SA fossil murder mystery solved (BBC)Taung Child (Smithsonian) Australopithecus africanus (Smithsonian)

Managers who forget to pay suppliers on time, medicine stockouts, a clinic in a dire state. We expose the true state of state healthcare for the residents of Taung in the North West.

The Taung ran from the back, said "Everyone attack!" and it turned into an auction blitz. Hey gang, thanks for joining the crew here! This week sees the crew doing all-out battle with Dio-I mean Hubert. (Adam uses a Dio image from JoJo's Bizarre Adventures. We say Dio on accident a lot!) The team cannot stop shooting each other and Hubert gets really annoyed! Who will live? Who will die? Who will get the popcorn in the end? Tune in to find out! Linktree: linktr.ee/Talesoftheouterrim Ko-fi: ko-fi.com/talesoftheouterrim Website: talesoftheouterrim.com Twitter + IG: @totorffg Email: totorffg@gmail.com Reddit + Twitch: Tales of the Outer Rim All music arranged by S.L.W. Makepeace using royalty free loops copyright 2001-2014 in Apple Garage Band Intro: Cronic Outro: Do You Copy_ https://soundcloud.com/user-158185925-306119215/sets/songs-of-the-outer-rim-1

Shan Knowledges.Health.Shan modern song Give Power.Sweet hour of prayer.Nearer my God to thee // Shan Hymn.

Shan Knowledges.Health.Shan modern song Give Power.Sweet hour of prayer.Nearer my God to thee // Shan Hymn.

Shan Healthy life 16.Knowledges.shan modern song Jesus the light.Faith Our Father.Sweet hour of prayer //Shan Hymn.

Shan Healthy life 16.Knowledges.shan modern song Jesus the light.Faith Our Father.Sweet hour of prayer //Shan Hymn.

Shan knwledges .Healthy life 13.shan modern song The Heir.Surrender all.The Old rugged cross //Shan Hynm.

Shan knwledges .Healthy life 13.shan modern song The Heir.Surrender all.The Old rugged cross //Shan Hynm.

Shan knowledges.Healthy life11.shan modern song The heir.Bringing in the sheave.Jesus is all the world to me Shan Hymn.

Shan knowledges.Healthy life11.shan modern song The heir.Bringing in the sheave.Jesus is all the world to me Shan Hymn.

Shan Healthy life.knowledges.shan modern song The Heir.Does Jesus Care.Nearer My God To Thee //Shan Hymn.

Shan Healthy life.knowledges.shan modern song The Heir.Does Jesus Care.Nearer My God To Thee //Shan Hymn.

For this episode, we're going way back - 2 million years back.The discovery of the Taung Child skull was huge for two reasons; That modern-day humans originated in Africa, and early human ancestors used to be preyed upon by large birds.Which bird is best? Which is the smelliest? Should we be worried about being attacked from above? Ashley serves as the expert for this episode as we talk all things raptor/bird of prey. And for our Patrons, stayed tuned for a bonus episode where we chat with a Golden Eagle falconer to talk about the dangers associated with handling such large and powerful birds.To listen to the RadioLab podcast episode about the Taung child, check out this link.OUR MERCH STORE IS LIVE! Support the show by shopping at www.getoutalivepodcast.com/shopFollow us on Instagram,  Facebook, and check out our website GetOutAlivePodcast.com and join us on Patreon!You can find Ashley @TheAngryOlogist on Twitter and Nick still refuses to engage. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/getoutalivepodcast)

Healthy Lifestyle part8 // Shan Health talk program. More than tongue can tell + Just decide // Shan Hymn and gospel song.

Healthy Lifestyle part8 // Shan Health talk program. More than tongue can tell + Just decide // Shan Hymn and gospel song.

Healthy lifestyle part7 // Shan Health talk program. My hope is built on nothing less + Jesus the Light // Shan Hymn and gospel song.

Healthy lifestyle part7 // Shan Health talk program. My hope is built on nothing less + Jesus the Light // Shan Hymn and gospel song.

In the eleventh episode, we cover issues #1 and #2 of Tales of the Jedi: The Sith War Search terms: Mandalore the Indomitable, Mandalorians, Taung, Zhell, Captain Vanicus, Zona Luka, Kuar, Plains of Harkul, Foerost Shipyards, Kemplex Nine, Vento System, Basilisk War Droids.

Rodney Trudgeon's guest on People of Note this week is the South African pianist and composer PAUL HANMER who is perhaps best known for South African Music Award winning jazz albums such as Trains to Taung and Tananas, but he was also chosen as composer in residence for the 2012 Johannesburg International Mozart Festival. Paul is almost as active in classical music as in jazz and in fact he had a song cycle premiered at the Baxter Concert Hall a few days ago. His new show Homecoming premiers here at Artscape on 1st March.

Rodney Trudgeon's guest on People of Note this week is the South African pianist and composer PAUL HANMER who is perhaps best known for South African Music Award winning jazz albums such as Trains to Taung and Tananas, but he was also chosen as composer in residence for the 2012 Johannesburg International Mozart Festival. Paul is almost as active in classical music as in jazz and in fact he had a song cycle premiered at the Baxter Concert Hall a few days ago. His new show Homecoming premiers here at Artscape on 1st March.

En 1824, un excéntrico geólogo inglés describió los primeros restos fósiles de un dinosaurio, lo que generó una fiebre por encontrar más de esos restos, empresa que detonó una verdadera guerra entre dos paleontólogos en EEUU. De vuelta en Europa, el afán por encontrar en ese continente restos de humanos antiguos sufrió dos golpes: el engaño y la desilusión. La historia termina con un niño que murió hace dos millones y medio de años atrás muy probablemente por no haber mirado hacia arriba suficientemente rápido. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/LaCienciaPop)

Knowledges.Health talk //Shan.Give power //Shan modern song.Jesus is all the world to me.Tis is my fathers world //Shan Hymn.

Knowledges.Health talk //Shan.Give power //Shan modern song.Jesus is all the world to me.Tis is my fathers world //Shan Hymn.

Knowledges.Health //Shan.Jesus the light //Shan modern song.The old rugged cross.All the way //Shan Hymn.

Knowledges.Health //Shan.Jesus the light //Shan modern song.The old rugged cross.All the way //Shan Hymn.

Count your Blessings.I Surrender All //Shan Hymn.knowledres.Health Talk .

Count your Blessings.I Surrender All //Shan Hymn.knowledres.Health Talk .

From Tembisa With Love Vol 4 [Taung & Lamont Appreciation Mix] (Mixed By Noxious Dj) by Noxious Deejay

From Tembisa With Love Vol 4 [Taung & Lamont Appreciation Mix] (Mixed By Noxious Dj) by Noxious Deejay

Fishing Program - Aadil Cajee on fishing Taung Dam by Radio Islam

Welcome to episode 3 of What About This? A Nighttime Educational Podcast! In this episode, we talk about the missing link: The Taung Child, and something extremely explosive, the nuclear weapon.Get yourself in a comfy spot, relax, and enjoy!

မြတ်ဗုဒ္ဓဓမ္မဒေသနာတော် by Aee Koe (အဲးခိုး), aka Ashin Pin Nya Tha Mi (အရှင်ပညာသာမိ), aka Tawhmi Rahan (တောမှီရဟန်း), aka Taung Galay Sayadaw (တောင်ကလေးဆရာတော်) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aee.koe Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taung_Galay_Sayadaw Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/balay714/

ဓာတ်ကြီးလေးပါး (Four Elements of Nature) by Aee Koe (အဲးခိုး), aka Ashin Pin Nya Tha Mi (အရှင်ပညာသာမိ), aka Tawhmi Rahan (တောမှီရဟန်း), aka Taung Galay Sayadaw (တောင်ကလေးဆရာတော်) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pinnyatha.mi Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taung_Galay_Sayadaw Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/balay714/

Our second episode of the pilot series presents the play Swan Song by Buhle Ngaba, directed by Ilana Cilliers and performed by Buhle Ngaba, with composition by Ilana Cilliers. The play is followed by an interview with writer Buhle Ngaba and special guest Naledi Majola.  There is an ancient belief that swans burst into song with their final breath. Set in a tiny box flat in Johannesburg, Swan Song is a coming of age tale, tracing the journey of a young Tswana woman from Taung born with a winged scapula, a symbol that mirrors a constant struggle for belonging, of home. This episode is hosted by Lily McLeish and Josephine Starte, edited by Julian Starr and Lily McLeish with intro music by Jane Dickson. Cover Art by Alice Müller.   Timecodes: Podcast starts: 00:00 The play: 01:46 Interview with Buhle Ngaba: 24:50 Interview with Naledi Majola: 1:05:40

This episode features Danny Tong (Ph.D Candidate, Serial Entreprenuer, Pan-African Activist and Founder at InvesTong Group) and Boma Harrison (Marketing Director) Boma has a strong marketing background of +14 years of proven results across FMCG categories - Laundry, Homecare, Feminine care, Beauty and Beverages. Over the years she has worked across different markets and regions including the Middle East Africa and Europe focusing on established brands as well as launching into whitespace new brands / categories such as Safeguard, Camay and Fairy. She holds an MBA from the University of Liverpool.She is based in Lagos, Nigeria and in this episode she takes us through life in Lagos, the several countries she has visited followed by a general discussion on her views on both her country and the continent. Its a laid back conversation that you will enjoy.  Danny Tong is the Founder of InvesTong Group. He is responsible for driving Business Strategy, New Business Acquisition, Innovation and Capital Raising for InvesTong Group of Companies. Born and bred in Molelema village in Taung, North West, in a family of five siblings, Danny started his schooling at the Molelema Primary School. He holds an MBA from African Leadership University School of Business (ALUsb) in Rwanda and currently studying for his Doctorate (PhD) with his research topic within the 4IR sphere. His aim is to contribute new knowledge towards the current Industrial Revolution through research and subsequently a Thesis Publication by 2021.https://twitter.com/DannyTong12 linkedin.com/in/dannytongsa  

Shan Health talk18.Does Jesus Care.I need every hour //Shan Hymn.

Shan Health talk17.Knowledges.Faith of our fathers.When we walk with the Lord //Shan Hymn.

ÚVODNÍ CHARAKTERISTIKA: rozloha 30 500 000 km2 (Evropa 10 200 000 km2), obyvatelstvo - přes 1 mld. - 15% světové populace - S arabské komunity, J bělošské komunity - Zimbabwe, JAR, vysoká - negramotnost, natalita (porodnost - na 1 ženu např. v Nigeru připadá plodnost více jak 7 dětí), kojenecká úmrtnost, mortalita (úmrtnost) - muži 46-50 let, ženy 50 let, S Afrika muži 66 let, ženy 70, náboženství - Islám 45%, křesťanství 40%, Baháí - vznik 19. Stol., judaismus, hinduismus, Státy - 55, zásahy ekonomicky vyspělých zemí, režimy nestálé - vojenské diktatury, spory o území a hranice - Lybie x Čad, Etiopie x Eritrea, Etiopie x Somálsko, Somálsko x Keňa, Alžír x Maroko (spor o Západní saharu), války o surovinové zdroje - Sierra Leone - diamanty, Nigérie - ropa, Etnické konflikty - Rwanda, Burundi, Klanové, rasové a politické problémy - Somálsko, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Typické rysy života - nestabilní režimy - časté puče, vojenské diktatury, malá průmyslová základna - pomalá industrializace, primitivní nemechanizované zemědělství, nemoci, hladomory, chaotické kořistění surovinového a přírodního bohatství => ekologické katastrofy, humanitární pomoc, hospodářství - nižší HDP, konkurenceschopnost, účast na mezinárodním trhu PRAVĚK AFRIKY - osídlení - lovci, sběrači - dnes Khoi - lidé, kteří vlastní domácí zvířata - hanlivě hotentoti, San - křováci, černý světadíl, kolébka lidstva - Darwinova teorie: egyptopythekus, ramapythekus, dryopythekus, ramapythekus - před rozdělením - dále se dělí na a) hominoidy b) kočkodanovité (opice Starého světa) a) hominoidi - 1) hominidé 2) giboni 1) hominidé - Australopythekus - Taungské dítě - vesnice Taung v JAR, 1,5m, 50 kg, bipedie, pravděpodobně slepá linie, dále se hominidé dělí na rody - a) šimpanz b) orangutan c) gorila d) člověk - Rod člověk - vývojové typy a) homo habilis - člověk zručný, rokle Olduwai- Tanzánie, Jezero Turkana - Keňa, b) homo erectus - člověk vzpřímený - 2 - 1,8 mil. Let, rozšíření do Asie, Evropy c) homo sapiens - člověk rozumný, 4) homo sapiens sapiens - člověk dnešního typu, Teorie a) monocentrická - vývoj člověka pouze v Africe b) polycentrická - vznik člověka na více místech zároveň - např. I v Asii, STAROVĚK - neolitické kultury 7000 př n l - území Sahary - v této době není pouští + dolní tok Nilu - pšenice špalda - znalost zemědělství z oblasti úrodného půlměsíce 6000 př n l organizované záplavové zemědělství, hovězí dobytek, holuby, drůbež, posvátné zvíře - kočka, první státy, 3000 př n l spojení Horního a Dolního Egypta - Stará říše - pyramida v Sakkáře, pyramidy v Ghize, hlavní město Memfis (Mennofer), Střední říše - hlavní město Ictavej - ve fajjúmské oáze, útoky mořských národů - Hiksósové - koně, válečné vozy, Nová říše - největší rozkvět, faraoni - S - vyspělé národy - Ramesse II - bitva u Kadéše - 1. Mírová smlouva - chetité, vývoje na J - Núbie - stavební kámen, cín, zlato Pozdní Egypt - Peršané, Alexandr Makedonský, Ptolemaiovci, Římané, Kromě Egypta - Aksamitské království - území Etiopie, Království Sahelu, Numidie, Núbijské království, S Afriky - Středozemní moře - Řecké kolonie - Apollonia, Kyrené, Naukratis, féničané - Leptis Micra, Leptis Megalé, Acholla, Oié, Sabratha a Kartágo - kolonisté z města Tyros, opevnění, 3 přístavy - 2 obchodní, 1 válečný, obchodní flotila - cín ze Skandinávie, pávy a opice z Afriky, Britské i Kanárské ostrovy, rivalita s Římem - Punské války (3) - 2. Punská válka - přechod Hannibala přes Alpy se slony, všechny 3 války prohra - konec Kartága - Římské kolonie - Numidia, Aegyptus, Afrika (zde město Římské Kartágo), Mauretania, Cyrenaica - východ Lybie, STŘEDOVĚK - rozdělení Říma - 395 n l - Vandalové přes Pyrenejský poloostrov do Římského Kartága - zde zakládají Říši Vandalů - odtud nadjezdy - 410 n l dobytí Říma, Egypt - součást Byzantské říše - rozkvět 6. Stol. - Justinián I., 622 Hidžra - 7. Století dobytí Egypta Araby - zastavení arabů až v bitvě u Poitiers - u Gibraltaru Karel Martel, J od Sahary organizované státy - Ghana, Benin

Health. knowledges.shan Hymn My Hope is built on nothing less.Must I Go and Empty Handed.

After accidentally releasing an ancient Taung fleet from their black hole prison, Zapp Rowsdower found himself crowned leader after taking credit for the death of their previous king. Leading them to the abandoned Imperial facilities of Kamino, Zapp and the other rebels of the Sparkling Spoonbill perilously aqcuired new weapons to replace the Taung's outdated machiner, including a once derelict Imperial Star Destroyer. As they were about to disembark, the heroes received a message that Director Paxton of the Imperial Advanced Weapons Research division had found their secret base, and demanded delivery of a confiscated superweapon called the Mass Shadow Generator....

Following a misadventure aboard a derelict space station, the rebel agents of the Sparkling Spoonbill accidentally released the Taung, an ancient fleet of marauders bent on the destruction of the human race. Searching for a way to stop them, the heroes travelled to Roon, an ancient Taung colony, and nearly convinced their leader to point his people's fury at the Galactic Empire, before killing him themselves. Taking responsibility for the murder, Zapp Rowsdower has fulfilled the ancient rite and become the new Taung leader, taking command just as the ancient aliens set their sights on the derelict cities of Kamino....

The Rebel crew of the Sparkling Spoonbill has traveled to the beast world of Onderon in search of a path to Roon, an ancient colony world of the Taung fleet. In exchange for information about the planet, the crew helped archaeologist Tanda Erelin complete the Beast Trials, an ancient rite to determine who could be granted access to the forbidden Dxun moon. At Tanda's request, the crew has decided to join her on her journey to the tombs of Dxun, where her father disappeared several months ago....

The fate of the galaxy is changing. After rescuing a group of Wookiee slaves from illegal Kyber mines within a space slug feasting on the irradiated ruins of Alderaan, the crew of the Sparkling Spoonbill return to their quest to locate the dangerous Taung Fleet. Using knowledge gained from joining the mysterious Killik hives, Bach Joy has recalled the ancient world of Roon, where the Taung fled after being driven from Coruscant in the distant past. Banished from history, the location of Roon is known only to the boldest of explorers and archeologists. Hoping to find one, the Rebel heroes travel to Onderon, the dangerous world of beasts....

Accidents happen. After investigating the mysteries of Centerpoint Station, the crew of the Sparkling Spoonbill could not prevent the Empire from releasing an ancient evil. Fleeing their ancient black hole prison, the massive Taung fleet departed for parts unknown. Hoping to gain the wisdom of the immortal Killik Hive, Bach Joy agreed to join their infinite mind. With the arrival of the Rebel fleet to Corellia, the heroes must find a way to prevent the ancient Mandalorians from ransacking the galaxy again....

Holocron number one.  These recordings are an attempt to preserve the history of the galaxy despite the Empire and New Republic's attempts to re-write it.  This particular recording is the recounting of our history from the point of the Big Bang, roughly thirteen billion years before the battle of Yavin; up until the end of the Zhell-Taung war on Coruscant that caused the Taung to flee off world, and established the human dominated culture on Coruscant.

The North West police have confirmed an incident where a group of EFF members allegedly attempted to attack and set alight the house of the ANC Youth League President, Collen Maine, at his home village outside Taung. The alleged attack happened yesterday afternoon. This is apparently linked to the comments made by Maine at a youth league's rally in Shoshanguve north of Pretoria, over the weekend. Patrick Dintwa reports

Join Lindsay as she discusses some of the earliest known “women.” Featuring an interview about Paleolithic art with Dr. Nancy Ross.   Links and text mentioned and read in this podcast: Early hominid evolution Eagle Ancestors Hunted Early Humans, Skull Study Suggests Makapansgat pebble Ardi, Oldest Living Human PBS: Meet Lucy, the fossil Paleolithic Art […]

On 1 June 2015, Physics professor, Ntate Dan Kgwadi will take over from Dr Theuns Elof as the first black vice-chancellor in the history of North-West University. Despite the challanges he faced when growing up in Kraaipan and Taung in North-West province, Ntate Dan Kgwadi made the best of the situation and studied his way out of the rural despair. Listen to his interview with Elvis Presslin here...

In this lecture, travel back an hour or so to meet Ardi, the Taung child, Lucy, George from Georgia, the Trinil fossil, KNM-ER 1808, Turkana Boy, Shanidar One and the Cro-Magnon family. You might bring a gift for when you meet your ancestors.

In this lecture, travel back an hour or so to meet Ardi, the Taung child, Lucy, George from Georgia, the Trinil fossil, KNM-ER 1808, Turkana Boy, Shanidar One and the Cro-Magnon family. You might bring a gift for when you meet your ancestors.

This week, we bring you the highlights of the Naked Scientists trip to South Africa. We explore what life is like in the poor regions of Johannesburg, and how the frightening reality of HIV and AIDS offers a silver lining in prevention research. Plus, In a journey through our evolutionary history, we come face to face with the two-and-a-half million year old Taung child, one of the most important human ancestor fossils ever found. Also, we find out why a moon like ours is rare in the universe, how opals get their colours and how mice choose a mate by smelling their wee. And in kitchen science, we learn how to throw your voice huge distances with the aid of a satellite dish.

This week, we bring you the highlights of the Naked Scientists trip to South Africa. We explore what life is like in the poor regions of Johannesburg, and how the frightening reality of HIV and AIDS offers a silver lining in prevention research. Plus, In a journey through our evolutionary history, we come face to face with the two-and-a-half million year old Taung child, one of the most important human ancestor fossils ever found. Also, we find out why a moon like ours is rare in the universe, how opals get their colours and how mice choose a mate by smelling their wee. And in kitchen... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

This week, we bring you the highlights of the Naked Scientists trip to South Africa. We explore what life is like in the poor regions of Johannesburg, and how the frightening reality of HIV and AIDS offers a silver lining in prevention research. Plus, In a journey through our evolutionary history, we come face to face with the two-and-a-half million year old Taung child, one of the most important human ancestor fossils ever found. Also, we find out why a moon like ours is rare in the universe, how opals get their colours and how mice choose a mate by smelling their wee. And in kitchen... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Introduction I’d like to ask that you take your Bibles and turn in them to Genesis chapter 2. We're going to be looking this morning at the second chapter of Genesis in our study in the first 12 chapters of Genesis. And as we come to the second chapter, perhaps even more than in the first chapter, we come to a seat, or a hotbed, of controversy. In this chapter, more clearly revealed than anywhere else in Scripture, we get a description of the special creation of man, of male and female in the image of God and of the work that they were given to do. And as a result, we are brought head-to-head or face-to-face with one of the great lies that Satan has ever perpetrated on human race. Namely, the lie of evolution. The Evolution Debate Now, I've studied a great deal about evolution. I've constantly had to wrestle with it. Early in my Christian life when I was talking to people who were training me how to do evangelism, and they're saying, “You've got to watch out for these red herrings that people throw out, they'll throw out things like, ‘Well, what about the dinosaurs? What about the flood? What about evolution?’” And you're supposed to kind of ignore those and stick to the Gospel. But I think that's a mistake, especially in the era that we're living in now. I think that people genuinely have grown up not knowing the Lord in our generation. They don't really know what to think about their creation, about their lives. I think there have been many weeds that have grown up in understanding. There are false arguments that Satan has set up, and it is our job as Christians to clear them away. 2 Corinthians 10:3-5 says, “Though we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does. We do not fight with the weapons of this world, on the contrary, we wage war with spiritual weapons. We are working against arguments and pretensions that set themselves up against the knowledge of Christ, and we are ready to take captive every thought and make it obedient to Jesus Christ.” And so what that means is that we have to go out with knowledge, with insight and be able to give an answer for the reason of the hope that we have in Jesus Christ. We should be able to answer this lie of evolution. Now, where did the whole idea of evolution come from? Well it began, of course, with Charles Darwin. On December 27th, 1831, a young British naturalist, Charles Darwin, set foot on the HMS Beagle, he was going to be a naturalist on that voyage. They sailed south. They went to the Cape Verde islands off the coast of Africa, and then to the Galapagos islands off the coast of South America. He studied the flora and fauna there, the vegetation, the animal life, and he made some notes, some observations, and his theory started to germinate. But I think the real issue for Darwin happened before he ever got on board the Beagle. You see, Darwin was studying to be an Anglican minister. Perhaps you didn't know that, but he was to have been a clergyman. And as he wrestled with the truths of our faith, he came more and more to doubt them, came more and more to doubt Christianity. And this is what he wrote in his autobiography, he said, “Disbelief crept over me at a very slow rate, but at that point,” namely when he is training to be a minister, “disbelief had become at last complete, I can hardly see how anyone could wish Christianity to be true. I can hardly see how anyone could wish Christianity to be true, for if so, my father, my brother, almost all my best friends will be everlastingly punished, and this is a damnable doctrine.” Darwin’s theory That's what Darwin wrote and that's before he ever set foot on the Beagle. And this is a remarkable thing, when you look at that. He had rejected Christianity, rejected the Gospel, rejected the idea of a sovereign God before whom we must give an account, and was open to something, looking for something, and as he studied the flora and fauna on these islands. An idea popped up in his mind and in November of 1859, he published his book, famous book, The Origin of the Species,. While he said nothing about the descent of man at that point, it came later in 1872. The whole ground work had been laid for that and later, he came out openly with his doctrine of the evolution of man. Now, early on, the debates and the arguments with evolution where amongst basically fossil hunters. People said there's no evidence, nothing supports this, it's just a theory, and so they were constantly looking for fossils, looking for Darwin's missing link. By the way, there shouldn't be just one missing link, there should be a whole bunch of them, actually thousands of them, if there's a steady evolution from one species to the other. We shouldn't be lacking data, but they were looking for a missing link, they thought they found it in 1924 in a cave in South Africa in the Taung region. There's a limestone cave there, and they found a skull there, and a brain capsule, and they brought it to a professor, Raymond Dart. And he worked on it, and out came this little skull came to be known as The Taung Child, by their dating techniques estimated between one and two-million-years-old. This supposedly was the missing link. What's really strange about all this is that 12 years later, in searching for more fossils in this area, a zoologist and physiologist Robert Broom, who would eventually find some more fossils, a very significant man in the whole development of this discussion of evolution, he wanted to see The Taung Child, this skull, and so he contacted Raymond Dart. Raymond Dart invited him over, and when he saw the skull, this fossilized skull, he knelt down and paid it homage. He worshiped it. Now, this is really striking, isn't it? Because this is exactly the same thing that the Apostle Paul said in Romans Chapter 1, he said, “Professing to be wise, they became fools and began to worship idols.” And then in Romans 1:25, it says, “They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served created things more than the Creator who is forever praised, Amen.” The Scopes Monkey trial That's exactly what Robert Broom was doing there, kneeling down before a fossilized skull, giving it homage and worshipping it. Around the same time that the Taung skull was discovered, in Dayton, Tennessee there was a very famous trial, the Scopes Monkey Trial. Many of you perhaps have heard of that. There were many laws on the books back then against teaching evolution, he defied it and taught evolution. It got picked up as a famous case by the ACLU, they sent Clarence Darrow, who was the best trial lawyer of the day to defend Scopes. William Jennings Bryan, who had been one of the number one spokesmen for fundamentalism came. He saw it as a kind of a Daniel in the lion's den kind of thing, and he wanted to really argue for the Bible. But he was ill-equipped to do so. He was not a good debater. And in the end, it turned out to be a debacle, an embarrassment for Bible-believing Christians, and I believe that we have been reeling ever since in terms of popular culture. Modernism, obviously won that day. Fundamentalism was seen to be backwards, ignorant, people who had their heads in the sand and were simply unable to deal with scientific information. That attitude has continued even up to our present day. A few weeks ago, there was a cover article in Time magazine, I actually have it with me here. How many of you saw this? It was on the news stands. We see this all the time, every 24 months or so, Time will do something like this, as though something spectacular or something new has been found. All they find are a few more bits of bone, and they put it together with some plastic, recreate the skull, and this is supposed to be a significant finding. You read the article and you find that really there's nothing all that new what they're finding. But they need to keep this evolution thing going, and they keep it on the cover of Time magazine. Gould’s two basic arguments What's really interesting though, inside the article is a little opinion piece done by Stephen Jay Gould. Now, Stephen Jay Gould is a professor at Harvard of geology. He's probably the number one spokesman in America today for evolution, and this is what he writes, he said, “Teaching biology.”.. now, by the way, he's talking right here about the whole issue of Kansas Board of Education which has voted to stop teaching evolution in schools and as a result, he's decrying this and lamenting it and saying we've taken a step backwards and we really need to do what we can to keep making progress here, and so he's very upset about this, and he says, “Teaching biology without evolution is like teaching Chemistry without the periodic table, or American History without Lincoln.” And then he says that the struggle between evolution and religion is completely unnecessary. No scientific theory, including evolution, can pose any threat to religion for these two great tools of human understanding operate in completely different realms, complementary, not contrary, but in completely separate realms. Science as an inquiry about the factual state of the natural world and religion as a search for spiritual meaning and ethical values. Now there's two basic ideas in Gould's article there, number one, that evolution is not simply a scientific theory, but it's absolutely indisputable fact. And number two, that evolution and Christianity are not mutually exclusive at all, but they really can co-exist together if we would just understand them properly. Evolution is more a faith than a science Thoughtful Christians should reject both of those premises, both of them. Evolution must be accepted by faith every bit as much as creation. There are huge gaps in the fossil record that they have trouble explaining. Probably the biggest problem with the whole evolutionary framework is that no one really knows how life came to be to begin with. How do you go from non-biologically active chemicals to DNA and all these incredibly complex things. Where did that come from? How did it work? And furthermore, why isn't there more evidence in the fossils? Why so many gaps in the fossil record? Why just bits of bone here and there? There are real significant scientific problems with evolution. But also we have to say as believing Christians, and we have to come to the conclusion that evolution and Bible-based Christianity are mutually exclusive, and the key chapter is Genesis 2. For in Genesis 2, we see evidence, or data, that cannot be reconciled with evolution, specifically in the fact that there was a period of time in which Adam was alone and that there was no female. That's impossible with evolution. And we have to come to grips with that. We cannot have both. I think there's this idea of theistic evolution, trying to grab what you can from science and from the Bible and put it all together. You’re going to have to make a choice, because the Bible presents Genesis 2 as fact and it's upheld by various verses as well in the New Testament, as we will see. The Special Creation of Man Was Genesis 2 merely some kind of moral allegory? Some kind of moralistic story that we're not supposed to get any data from? Or is it really fact? Did it really happen that way? Well, Jesus in Matthew 19 and His teaching on divorce, quotes from Genesis 2, and quotes from it as if it were literal history. And talking about divorce, He says, Haven't you read... this is in Matthew 19:4 and following, “Haven't you read that at the beginning, the Creator made them male and female, and the creator said, for this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one. What God has therefore joined together, let man not separate.” Was this merely an allegory? A parable to Jesus? Absolutely not. And then the Apostle Paul says very plainly in 1 Timothy 2:13, “For Adam was formed first and then Eve.” And then in 1 Corinthians 11:8, he says, “For man did not come from woman, but woman from man.” And so, these statements make absolutely no sense if evolution is true, you have to throw them out, you have to make a choice. So out with theistic evolution and also with the idea that Stephen Jay Gould says that science and religion operate in totally separate realms, they do not. I believe that God created us, as I said last week, to be scientist worshippers of Him, to give glory and praise and honor to his name by using our intellect, our minds. That which was given to us is created in the image of God to find what God has done in this world and to worship him for it. So now, let's look a little bit more carefully at the text of Scripture itself. I really wish all I ever had to do is just go through the Bible, but sometimes you need to discuss these things, and there is so much evidence more that I would love to share with you. A number of you took me up on that offer and I wrote an email this week about it. If you'd like to know more about why I think that evolution is a bad option, scientifically, talk to me, but we want to focus this morning on the word of God and talk about it. Genesis 1 and 2: A contradiction? Now, when we come to Genesis 2, having just read Genesis 1, we also run into a problem with the text of Scripture as well, there seems to be somewhat of a contradiction between the account in Genesis 1 and in Genesis 2. For example, in Genesis 1:26, it says that God said, let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule, etcetera. In verse 27, it says, “So God created man in His own image, in the image of God, He created him male and female, He created them.” Now, the idea you might get from that is that male and female were created at the exact same time.. It doesn't say that, but it does say that male and female were created definitely both in the image of God and both were to rule over creation as co-laborers for the glory of God. But then when you get to Genesis 2, it seems like there's some kind of a different account here. We get the earth kind of waiting for man, and there's no shrubs and then there's no rain, and then it just seems like a different account. And then man was formed up out of the clay and then the woman comes in later, and it seems contradictory. And that idea comes also from the fact that the word for God in Genesis 1 is different than the word used for God in Genesis 2. Genesis 1, we've got the word Elohim, and in Genesis 2, you've got Yahweh Elohim, which we translate in most English versions, “the Lord God.” And so some German theologian said, well there must be two different authors, and we've got two different accounts here, and they contradict one another. Well, not at all. How many of you have atlases in your car or road maps like Rand McNally or something like that, that you drive with when you're driving around? Most of you do. Now, if you were to look at the map of a state, let's say of North Carolina, you would see the whole state, on maybe left and right page. But then you'd see these little rectangles inside perhaps of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary and they're blown up, aren't they? Because it's an urban area with lots of streets, and they want to give you more information about how to get in and out of the Triangle. Or the same is true of New York City. You'll have a map of the state of New York and then a blow-up of New York City. Maybe many blow-ups because the city is so large. I think that's what's going on here in Genesis 1 and 2. In Genesis 1, we get the big picture of all creation. The six days of creation, the seventh day, God resting, we get the description of man created in the seventh day, male and female, both in the image of God,. But then we get more detail in Genesis 2, more information, not contradictory at all. There's not a single statement you could find in Genesis 1 that contradicts Genesis 2. The point is, we're getting more detail now, we're understanding a little bit more carefully how it occurred. Now let's look at these verses a little more carefully and try to find out what God says to us. In verse 4, Genesis 2:4, it says, “This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the Earth and the heavens, and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plan of the field had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not yet sent rain on the earth, and there was no man to work the ground, but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground.” Let's stop there, even though we're right in the middle of a sentence, let's just stop there. This is a little bit of a prologue, setting the scene to the special creation of man. Now, the very first statement here in verse 4, it says, this is the account of the heavens, or these are the generations of the heavens, etcetera. We get that phrase repeated again and again in the Book of Genesis. Scholars have noted that this is a way of organizing the entire book of Genesis, you get it. The word generations mean these are the things that issued forth from usually related to a man and his lineage. In this case, it's this is what issued forth from or, this is what came from the earth. So we get heaven and earth's generations in chapter 2:4. In chapter 5:1, you get Adam's generations, of how everything that came from Adam, that's a genealogy. And then in chapter 6, we get Noah's generations. Chapter 10, Shem, Ham and Japheth who were Noah's sons. And then 11 it focuses in a little more carefully on Shem, and then chapter 11 also we look at Terah. Chapter 25, we get the generations of Ishmael and also of Isaac, and then chapter 36 of Isa and 37 of Jacob. So we get this repeated phrase, “these are the generations of.” And I think what happens is we have various accounts and they're all put together completely by Moses, one after the other. Now it says at that point that the earth was not yet fully developed. Now, this shouldn't surprise us, there's no contradiction. We know on the third day, there were these shrubs... I mean, these plants and vegetation were created, but I think that the words used here are different, these are a special kind of vegetation that takes cultivation, it takes agriculture, and it says specifically that there was no man at that point to work the earth. God had left a lot of work for us to do, a lot of development had yet to be found, and he was going to be guiding us through that, but at that point, everything's just waiting for man. Now, if you had been able to go back in time and see the world at that point, I think it would look familiar, but different to you in some ways. There has since that time been a cataclysmic worldwide flood. There's a lot of changes, I don't think you could find, for example, the four rivers that are mentioned here in their same location, now things have moved around, but it's obviously very similar to what we expected. But the point is that the earth is waiting and it's ready for the special creation of man, and that comes in verse 7. In Verse 7, it says that “The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the earth and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.” So here we have the combination of an earthly being with a spiritual being. We are both earthly or earth-like, and we are also spiritual, and in this way, we are unique. Now, in what way are we earthly or earth-like? It says that God took the dust... I think a better translation would be clay. There was a sense of moisture, and he worked with the clay and made it into Adam's body. How strange does that sound? Sounds like a mythological account, but actually, when I was a student in the Boston area, I worked as a volunteer one summer at the Boston Museum of Science. And there they had an exhibit, or a display in a glass case, and it had the outline of a man, just the outline and trace of a man, and inside there were a bunch of bottles, and the bottles held chemicals, and basically what it was is what we would be if we had no water in us. If you took the 60 percent of water out of us, you'd have a bunch of stuff left and what would it be? And it's fascinating, as you look at it, it's all a bunch of minerals and a bunch of things you'd find in mines on the earth. For example, there's trace elements and other minerals: Zinc, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur and iron. There's lipids and nucleic acids, and other things that are found and very much tied to the earth from which we were derived. So there's nothing strange or bizarre about this idea of God forming us from the dirt or from the dust of the earth. But that's not all. See, beasts also were formed from the ground, but God took and breathed into our nostrils the breath of life, God alone can make inanimate things living. Life comes from God. Anyone who studies microbiology or any of this a little more carefully sees there's just no way that life could have evolved without the hand of God. Life comes from God and he breathes into Adam the breath of life, but that's not all. We've already learned from Genesis 1 that man is created in the image of God, and this way we're distinct from all creation. Now remember when Jesus entered into Jerusalem, he said, If the children, if they would all remain silent, the rocks and the stones would praise God, and they do praise God, but they're inanimate, they do not praise God intelligently. They praise God just by their mere existence. Water praises God, the air praises God. The sun and moon and the stars, they praise God as well, just by their existence. Beasts praise God and vegetation as well, but not intelligently. But we were created in the image of God so that we might worship our Creator intelligently. So that we might render to him a sacrifice of praise, and that makes us distinct from the earthy creations around us. We're also distinct from the angels. Now the angels, they worship God, they worship God intelligently, do they not? They offer to God a sacrifice of praise. But what do they lack? They lack an earthy body, and so we are a combination creation, both earthy and spiritual. Now, the fact that Adam was made earthy shows, and we'll get to it in a minute, that he was somewhat on probation. Probation. He could not eternally be earthy for it says in 1 Corinthians 15:50, "I declare to you, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable." And so Adam was formed perishable, he was formed fleshy, and he was put on probation as we will talk about in a moment. The second Adam, Jesus Christ, he gives us eternal life, transforms our mortal body so that they will be like his glorious body, eternal and ready for the kingdom of heaven. But Adam was both earthy and he was spiritual. The Earth: Adam’s Workshop and Throne Room Now we come to the earth itself, the earth was Adam's workshop, and it was his throne room. And it's described here in verse 8 and following, it says, "Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east in Eden, and there he put the man he had formed, and the Lord God made all kinds of trees grow up out of the ground, trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. A river, watering the garden flowed from Eden, and from there it was separated into four head waters. The name of the first is the Pishon, it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good, aromatic resin and onyx are also there. The name of the second river is the Gihon, it winds through the entire land of Cush. The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates." So here we get a description of some of the geology in the lay of the land where Adam was placed. We talk about Eden, there's a garden called Eden, and in that garden, he placed these special trees. He's providing... He's providing for Adam. Now, Adam was to work together with God. There was to be work for Adam to do, as we mentioned last week. Adam was created in the image of God and he was given labor to do. He and his wife together were to fill the earth, to subdue it, they were to rule over it, they were to work it. There was work for him to do. And so this is so beautiful, as we mentioned last week in John 5:17, Jesus, when he came to earth, he said, "My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I too am working." The labor between the Father and the Son, and I get that same picture with Adam in this beautiful perfect world that he was living in, he was to have labored with his Heavenly Father. Now in what sense is Adam the son of God? Well, it says openly so in Luke 4 in Jesus' genealogy. It says that Adam was the son of God. He is not God the Son, that's Jesus Christ, but he was a created being in the image of God, and he was to work together with his Heavenly Father doing work. It's so beautiful. In John 5:19, Jesus said, "I tell you the truth, the Son can do nothing by himself, but he can only do what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does, the Son also does." So Adam was to set out with the Father and do this work on the earth. Now, in my research I came across a marvelous verse which I think beautifully marries together a relationship with God and the scientific investigation we were supposed to have done on the earth. Look, if you would, over in Isaiah 28:23 and following. In Isaiah 28, Isaiah here is talking about various things, and I'm not going to talk about the context, but I want to focus in on the agricultural language used here and God's relationship with it. In Isaiah 28:23, Isaiah says, "Listen and hear my voice. Pay attention and hear what I say. When a farmer plows for planting, does he plow continually? Does he keep on breaking up and harrowing the soil?" Verse 25, "When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin? Does he not plant wheat in its place, barley in its plot, and spelt in its field?" Now, this electrifying verse, verse 26, "His God instructs him and teaches him the right way." In other words, Adam wasn't born knowing a thing. He didn't know how to do agriculture, he didn't know how to plant a certain type of plant, or what this seed would produce or that seed. God would instruct him and teach him how to do it. And not just with agriculture, but with all things; how to get iron out of iron, ore out of rocks perhaps, and make metal. Anything. And I believe that anyone who studied science has seen how God has, throughout history, given us little nudges, helped us along the way. A lot of medications came that way, where somebody didn't have any idea and insight would come to them and they would try something. And I believe that God has nourished them and nurtured science all along the way, and yet it's turned its back on God, and sought to destroy the knowledge of God. And yet here is God instructing us and teaching us the right way. It describes some more detail, it says, "Caraway is not threshed with a sledge, cart wheel rolled over cumin. Caraway is beaten out with a rod, cumin with a stick, grain must be ground to make bread, so one does not go on threshing it forever, though he drives the wheels of his threshing cart over it, his horses do not grind it." Verse 29, "All this also comes from the Lord Almighty, wonderful in counsel, magnificent in wisdom." Isn't that great? God instructs us in technology. Turn back to Genesis 2. As Adam was going to move through this world, he was going to be side-by-side with his Heavenly Father, and his Father is going to instruct him and teach him what to do with vegetation, with all aspects of this world that he had made, all the minerals and the spices and the rich soil. In verse 15, it says that the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden, and it says that he was put there to work it and to take care of it. Now, how many of you believe that work came after the fall? I used to think that. I used to think that work came as a result of sin. Sin enters the world and death, and right after death came work. That's why when I was a child, I used to think that way. Sometimes I think that I still have had the same opinion that work is something from the curse, but actually work is a gift from God. It's a gift from God. And there it was in Genesis 2 that Adam had a creative work to do, the world was his workshop and he was to work at it. And he was to discover and marvel at what God had placed in this world. And then back at 2:14, as we mentioned last week, it says, "The earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea." And so Adam was to fill the world with a knowledge of God's glory, but the earth was also gonna be Adam's throne room. Realize that Adam, and male and female both, when she was created, she would be his helper suitable for him. Together they would rule over the physical world. So it was a throne room for Adam. He was to fill the earth and subdue it. But what's so beautiful here is the picture of servant leadership we get. In verse 15, it says that Adam was to work the earth and take care of it. There was a sense of nurturing of the soil of the earth and also of the animals. Later in this chapter, in verse 19, it says, "The Lord God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and the birds of the air. And he brought them to the man to see whatever he would name them, and whatever the man called each living creature that was its name, so the man gave names to all the livestock, the birds of the air, and all the beasts of the field." That's a creative labor. Really kind of an interpretive labor. He's looking at each of these creations, elephant or zebra, or lion or iguana, or whatever, and he's seen what they are, and he's interpreting and giving a name. And also there's a sense that he is in authority over these animals by giving names to them and so, he is a king. But yet his rule over the earth is not absolute, is it? For there in verse 16 and 17, it says, "The Lord God commanded the man, You are free to eat from any tree in the garden," Verse 17, "but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it, you will surely die." So here we come to the limitations of Adam's sovereign rule, so to speak, over the earth. Adam must bow the knee to a sovereign God who created him. Adam must acknowledge that God has authority over him and that he's not free to do just anything he wants in this earth. And in this way, Adam was put on probation, he was being tested. Now, God knew that this probation would not last forever, he would actually bring it to a crisis, to a point, a point of judgment in Genesis 3, when the serpent came to test him, and with this tree, this tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and also with the tree of life came covenant curses and covenant blessings. Adam’s probation: The Sacred Trees Now, a covenant is an agreement between two or more persons, and there was an agreement between Adam that he would fill the earth and subdue it, but that he would not disobey his Lord. And so there was this tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and we'll talk about that a little bit more next week. But then there's also this tree of life. Now, tree of life was the covenant blessing. The covenant curse was the threat of death, but the covenant blessing was that of eternal life. In Genesis 3:22 of that tree, God says he must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat and live forever. Now, what of these trees? We don't believe in magic. We don't believe that there was anything within the leaves or the fruit of that tree that transformed anything. It was just under the providence of God, he focalized the test on these trees. He said, "You can do this, but you may not do that." And so it wasn't so much that there was something within the fruit that transformed anything, it was just that when they ate of that fruit, there was a judgment that came from God. And so he had ordained it, so we don't believe that these are in any way, magic trees. But yet, this tree of life shows up again in Revelation chapter 22, it says, "The angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal flowing down from the throne of God and of the Lamb, down the middle of the great street of the city. And on each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing 12 crops of fruit yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations." Anyone who has believed in Jesus Christ will partake of the tree of life, eternal life, given only through the blood of Jesus Christ. Woman: Man’s Indispensable Co-Worker Now, in the rest of the chapter, we are dedicated to the creation of woman. In verses 18 through 25, we get the final gift that God gives to man, the indispensable co-laborer, a woman. In verse 18, it says, "The Lord God said, It is not good for man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him." So here's Adam and he's alone. And this is the first thing that God has declared in his universe to be not good. There's something in it that's not good, and so he wants to create a helper suitable for him. The original Hebrew is richness, there's a sense in which she is appropriate to him, she is matched to him well, and she used to be a helper in order to accomplish his goals and his ends. Now in the Trinity — Father, Son and Spirit — there have been an eternity of rich fellowship. Father and Son, Son and Spirit, Spirit and Father, rich fellowship. But for Adam, there's no fellowship of a like kind, there's no fellowship with another being similar to him, and we've already been through the naming of the beasts. I think God brings in the naming at this point to underscore that fact that there is no help suitable for him. God's deepest desire was to fill the earth with his image, that the earth should be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord by image bearers who come biologically by the marriage union. That was his plan. And so the woman was indispensable to this plan, indispensable biologically, and that it was impossible for Adam to reproduce apart from the woman, she's indispensable. And she's indispensable relationally in that God said, "It's not good for man to be alone," and he wants his creation to be good. Adam's task was to cover the whole earth with work and with worship. It was going to be tiring and exhausting, and he needed what a woman could give in order to accomplish that. So not just biologically but also relationally. She was to be his creative counterpart as one book calls her, a woman with a special unique ability to minister to him and to bless him. And what's so beautiful about this is the mutuality, and that God's plan cannot be achieved either by man alone or by a woman alone, but they must work together. In 1 Corinthians 11:11, it says, "In the Lord, however, woman is not independent from man, nor is man independent from woman." We are dependent on one another. So we have to ask the question: Why was Adam ever alone? Was God capable of creating Adam and Eve simultaneously at the same time? Of course, he was. But he chose not to. And the thing we have to understand is, why? I think the first and most important reason is that he wanted to establish Adam as federal head of the whole human race. Adam would be tested at the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and all of us would be tested through that one man, Adam. We'll discuss this more later, but in Romans chapter 5, that is the clear indication. Adam represented you and me at the tree. Now, you may say that's not fair. We'll talk about how it is fair because any of you who has hope and salvation in Jesus Christ, you're saved the same way through one man, Jesus Christ, who died on your behalf. But that's what God chose. He wanted one man, Adam, to be the federal head or the representative of the whole human race. And also within marriage, as we get in Ephesians 5, that Adam as the first husband would be the head of the wife, and that this position is established by his prior creation. As Paul says in 1 Timothy, “Adam was formed first and then Eve.” Now, it matters to Paul and it matters to God the order. It should also matter to us as well. But ultimately, I think that Adam was created alone to create a desire in him for her. He wanted her by the time she was created. That naming of the animals thing? He's ready for her. And when God causes that deep sleep to fall on him and she is brought to him, he is absolutely thrilled with her. And so God doing that beautiful work of preparation and getting him ready. So that's why Adam was alone. Eve’s creation Now, in the account of Eve's creation in verse 21, it says, "The Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh, and then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man and He brought her to the man." Now, this story has been ridiculed, it really has. Early on, I know that Clarence Darrow made fun of this. He's the lawyer that defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey trial, making a whole woman from a rib. Well, first of all, the Hebrew may not say rib, it may just say part or portion, or it may say rib either way. But the point is, can you make an entire human body from just one portion of another human body? Well, maybe 50 years ago, you think this was ridiculous. How many of you saw the movie Jurassic Park? Did you see that movie? Remember that movie, you remember the scientific foundation of that movie was the idea that you could make an entire dinosaur from what? From the blood that was in the mosquitoes that were locked up in the amber. Do you remember that whole thing? How can you create a whole body from just one part of a body? Well, because the genetic code for the whole body is in every cell. Now, I talked to a friend of mine who's an expert in this, he said, "It just so happens that red blood cells don't have DNA in them, so I hope there are some white blood cells in there with the mosquitoes." But at any rate, the point is that you can create. And this is the whole basis of cloning, the idea of getting a whole human body from just one portion. Now, let me ask you a question, why did God take part of Adam's body? Why didn't he just create Eve from the dust of the ground? He could well have done that, but he wanted to create that marvelous interdependence, male and female, female and male, husband and wife united together. And so he chose to do it that way. The beauty and the perfection of the plan of God. And then God brings them together. God is, in this case, the divine matchmaker. Remember Fiddler on the Roof? “Matchmaker, Matchmaker, make me a match.” Remember? Do you remember what that Jewish guy said? He's constantly praying and talking to God, and as his oldest daughter and her fiance make their own wedding plans without the matchmaker, he says, "You know, I guess there really wasn't a matchmaker in the garden of Eden.” And then he stops himself and he says, "Yeah, yes, there was. And I think they have the same matchmaker, namely you, that God brought Adam and Eve together and he was the first matchmaker." But Jesus says in Matthew 19, he actually is the matchmaker for every marriage. For what God has joined together, let man not separate. Look at your spouse, think about him or her and realize that God brought you together. It's not an accident. He specially created him or her for you, and he brought you together and he created that marriage union. And Adam was so joyful at that moment. You husbands ought to go back to that moment of joy when you first met your wife and realize she might very well be the one for you and all the joy you experienced at that point. And Adam writes a little... Or it has a little poem here, it doesn't come out as well in the English, but he just... He's so elated, he says in effect, "This at last, is bone of my bones? Flesh of my flesh. She shall be called woman for she was taken from man." Now, how did Adam know that? How did Adam know that she was taken from man? I think God told him, he said, "By the way, Adam, this is what I did. I caused a deep sleep to fall on you and she has been made out of a portion of your body." And so he's able to say bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. And Adam's naming is an act of husband headship, just like naming the animals with a sense of authority. But it's a whole different relationship because we have already been through the animals and there's no helper suitable. This is a whole different thing. But yet there is that headship relationship, and so he gives her the name woman. And God's intention is that they would be co-laborers together for the glory of God, and so they were. And it's so beautiful. And then the statement here comes, "For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife and they will become one flesh." Now, you ought to read Matthew 19 very carefully, Jesus said that God said this. Even though Genesis 2 doesn't say it, Jesus said the Creator made them male and female, and the Creator said this statement, verse 24, "The word of God, every word spoken by God." And so he says that marriage is to be established for all time a lasting ordinance, and so the husband and wife are naked and they feel no shame. No sin has entered to pervert their relationship. There's no power struggle. There are no arguments or conflicts. There's no division. There's just unity, there's harmony, there's perfection in their marriage. Isn't that a beautiful thing? And how much we could wish that our marriages would be as beautiful and as pure as this marriage was in Genesis 2:25. Applications Now, as we've looked at these verses, we have three applications, very quickly, three gifts that God gave us. The gift of life. Realize that your very life, the fact that you just draw a breath is given to you from God. Your life is a fragile thing, but it's been given to you as a gift from God, and you should cherish it, and you should make the most of it. You should take every single moment and use it for the glory of God. You should do work for his glory and for his honor. The gift of work. It’s not a curse. It's not a curse, it's a gift. And God has given us lasting labor to do, to build his kingdom by the preaching of the Gospel To encourage one another. And then to do manual labor as well to be creative as God was. Gift from God. Jesus said, "My food is to do the will of him who sent me and finish his work." That should be our attitude as well. In Colossians 3:23, "Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart as working for the Lord, not for men.” The gift of marriage. The gift of marriage. Now, there may be times that you would not put the word gift and the word marriage together. You might talk about a wedding gift, but you might not talk about the gift of marriage. B ut marriage is a gift. It was the foundation to human society, the first institution set up. The church, government, everything else had to wait for marriage, marriage comes first. And where in a society the marriages are healthy, then the society is healthy. And when their marriages, there's division and dissension and trouble and difficulty, society becomes sick. And why? Because the health and the future of the country, the future of the society, depends on that marriage union and the godly children that are raised up in it. Marriage is a gift. And what we need to do is get back to this, we have been brought back to even to some degree, through the blood of Jesus Christ. We can have this kind of marriage as we counteract our own sin nature, as we realize that through the death of Jesus Christ and through his resurrection, these gifts: The gift of life, the gift of work and the gift of marriage, have all been sanctified for his glory.