Podcast appearances and mentions of john scopes

Scott and Aaron remember vaccine pioneer Edward Jenner and evolution teacher John Scopes - but Aaron's not a fan of his post-teaching career. The post History Matters: Sellouts, Smallpox, Sailors and Stars appeared first on Chapelboro.com.

Send us a textPeople have always doubted science. In the 17th century, Galileo was sentenced to house arrest by the Catholic Church for reporting his observations that the sun is at the center of the solar system and that the other planets, including Earth, orbit it. In 1925, the U.S. state of Tennessee banned the teaching of evolution and when a high school teacher named John Scopes agreed to challenge the law, the Scopes “monkey” trial resulted. People did not like to think that they descended from monkeys – although that's not quite what the science of evolution shows.Now, the United States and much of the world seems to have regressed into another period when science is denied. This time, much of it centers around vaccines, although there is animosity toward many other public health measures. Climate science is likewise still under attack, decades after the scientific expert community settled the question of whether people's activities are changing the planet's climate.One of the scientists fighting back is Dr. Peter Hotez. Long a champion of fighting neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, Hotez has evolved into an advocate for vaccination in general and for inexpensive, freely available vaccines in particular.He wrote a book, Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel's Autism, that explains the disproven notion that vaccination might cause autism – using his own daughter's case history as an illustration. His latest book, The Deadly Rise of Anti-Science, looks at the history of attacks on science, the political and commercial motives of many of the attacks, and the often fatal results.The attacks have gotten very personal for Hotez, and they've worsened under the new Trump Administration in the United States. Now Hotez, who is Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, has become one of the most recognizable public faces in the fight to defend science. In this episode of One World, One Health, Hotez describes how he never expected to be cast as a “cartoon villain” when what he mostly wanted to do was help underprivileged people escape disease.SS

In 1925, a trial in a small town in Tennessee riveted the nation. In the dock was a young man named John Scopes, charged with violating a state law outlawing the teaching of evolution. The trial exposed fault lines in society that are opening again today, a century later.

It's not every day that you get an email from ACLU. If you aren't aware, since being co-founded in part by Hellen Keller in New York City in 1920, the American Civil Liberties Union has been involved in dozens of major cases defending the fundamental civil rights of individuals and causes both popular and very much not so. In 1925, the ACLU represented high school science teacher, John Scopes, in what became known as the Scopes Monkey Trial. Nearly 30 years later they played a significant role in the Brown v Board decision overturning “separate but equal” education for Black and white students. So when they reached out wanting to do a podcast episode with us about the state of Title IX in 2024, I had to say yes. In the past we've done episodes about how classroom teachers can best support LGBTQ students in potentially hostile policy environments, but we are well overdue for a national look at the current rights under Title IX for LGBTQIA+ students, pregnant and parenting students, and for all students facing sex-based harassment and assault and the obligations schools have to protect them.Jennesa Calvo-Friedman is currently a staff attorney at the ACLU. Previously, she was the Marvin M. Karpatkin Fellow with the ACLU's Racial Justice Program. Before joining the ACLU, Calvo-Friedman clerked for the Honorable Gerard E. Lynch of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the Honorable Ronnie Abrams of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. She was the Relman Civil Rights Fellow at the civil rights law firm Relman, Dane & Colfax. Calvo-Friedman received her B.A. from Swarthmore College, and her J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center, where she graduated first in class, was a Public Interest Law Scholar and Executive Editor of the Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law & Policy.US Dept of Education Title IX: https://www.ed.gov/titleixACLU Title IX Fact Sheet: https://www.aclu.org/documents/title-ix-fact-sheetGeneral Resources:https://nwlc.org/respect-students/https://www.equalrights.org/news/new-title-ix-rule-goes-into-effect-protecting-lgbtqi-other-students-but-not-in-all-states/Pregnant and Parenting Students:https://thepregnantscholar.org/titleix-updates-toolkit/https://www.abetterbalance.org/our-issues/students-rights-emerging-workforce/Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, and Gender Based Violence:https://www.publicjustice.net/what-we-do/gender-sexual-violence/https://www.advocatesforyouth.org/campaigns/know-your-ix/LGBTQIA+:https://www.glsen.org/title-ixhttps://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/lgbtq-rights#are-lgbtq-students-protected-from-discrimination-in-schoolshttps://legacy.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/article/youth-how-the-law-protects Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

99 years after the Scopes ‘monkey trial,' religious fundamentalism still infects our schoolsLos Angeles Times, By Michael Hiltzik, on July 26, 2024https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-07-26/99-years-after-the-scopes-monkey-trial-religious-fundamentalism-still-infects-our-schoolsNearly a century ago, a significant trial unfolded in Tennessee, where the clash between religious fundamentalism and modern education took center stage. This trial, known as the Scopes Trial, ignited a debate that still reverberates today, pitting creationism and intelligent design against scientific understanding in schools. Although the defendant, John Scopes, lost the trial, the broader victory went to science. However, in the contemporary landscape, movements across the United States and abroad continue to push for religious doctrines to infiltrate educational curricula, with some states fighting in courts to uphold restrictive laws that challenge academic freedom.The Scopes Trial was rooted in a gesture of appeasement. The Tennessee legislature passed a bill prohibiting the teaching of evolution as a symbolic concession to a lay preacher who had otherwise failed to pass any significant legislation. This bill, initially seen as harmless, escalated into a cultural battleground once it was signed into law. The media, both then and now, played a pivotal role in sensationalizing the trial, creating a narrative that often overshadowed the reality. The trial was less about the actual legalities and more about the larger cultural war over how society should balance religious beliefs with scientific progress.Bad legislation often leads to broader societal issues, including the erosion of public trust in legal and governmental institutions. When laws are poorly conceived or enforced, they invite ridicule and diminish the legitimacy of the legal system. The Scopes Trial is a prime example of how symbolic gestures in legislation can have far-reaching and unintended consequences. The case's outcome hinged on technicalities, with the judge overstepping his authority, leading to a conviction that was later overturned. This maneuver may have been a deliberate attempt to avoid a substantive appeal, which could have set a more significant legal precedent.The struggle between science and religious dogma in education has a long and ongoing history. Even after the Scopes Trial, states like Alabama and Missouri continued to grapple with similar legal battles, with courts consistently ruling against the inclusion of creationism and intelligent design in public school curricula. These cases highlight the persistent efforts to challenge scientific education in favor of religious teachings, a battle that has spanned decades and remains unresolved.The trial's media coverage, both during the event and in subsequent portrayals, often exaggerated and distorted the facts, turning the proceedings into a spectacle rather than an accurate reflection of the issues at stake. Films and television adaptations have further muddied the waters, prioritizing entertainment over historical accuracy. This trend of sensationalizing history for media consumption has contributed to the ongoing misunderstanding of the trial's significance and its implications for the relationship between religion and education.The town where the Scopes Trial took place was largely apathetic about the legal battle, seeing it more as a financial opportunity than a moral crusade. The influx of press and visitors brought by the trial provided a much-needed economic boost to the community. However, the case itself was a poor test of the broader issues, as the local population was not particularly invested in the outcome. Despite this, the trial has become emblematic of the enduring conflict between scientific inquiry and religious belief, a conflict that continues to shape educational policies and public discourse in the United States and beyond.The Non-Prophets, Episode 23.32.2 featuring  Kelley Laughlin, Jonathan Roudabush, and Phoebe RoseBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-non-prophets--3254964/support.

This Day in Legal History: Scopes Monkey TrialOn July 24, 1925, John Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, was found guilty of teaching evolution, a violation of the Butler Act. This state law prohibited the teaching of any theory that denied the divine creation of man as taught in the Bible, specifically targeting Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The trial, famously known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, became a focal point for the intense debate between modern science and religious fundamentalism. Scopes was represented by the prominent attorney Clarence Darrow, while William Jennings Bryan, a three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution.The courtroom drama was a media sensation, highlighting the cultural clash of the Roaring Twenties. Although Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, the trial's significance extended far beyond the verdict. It sparked national discussion on academic freedom, the separation of church and state, and the role of science in education. The conviction was later overturned on a technicality, but the Butler Act remained in force until 1967. The trial's legacy endures, symbolizing the ongoing struggle between progressive and conservative values in American society.Attorneys are rallying behind Vice President Kamala Harris as she ascends to the top of the Democratic ticket following President Joe Biden's decision to step down. Around 100 law firm partners showed interest in fundraising for Harris right after Biden's announcement. Jon Henes, a former Kirkland & Ellis partner, is organizing a significant event for her campaign, highlighting a vigorous four-month effort to the election. Harris has a history of strong support from the legal community, with lawyers contributing over $5 million to her previous campaigns. Notable attorneys like David Frederick and Roberta Kaplan have pledged their support, emphasizing the importance of defeating the former president and preserving the rule of law. The legal sector has proven to be a reliable fundraising source for Harris, with her receiving substantial donations from firms such as Paul Weiss and Kirkland. Prominent figures like Brad Karp and Brian Mathis are mobilizing Democratic supporters, while liberal mega-donors have already begun to contribute significantly. The Biden campaign infrastructure has transitioned to support Harris, with key leaders and an experienced legal team staying in place. Former US Attorney General Eric Holder and his firm are assisting in vetting potential running mates for Harris.Big Law Donors Jump to Pad Harris' War Chest for White House BidTop Industries, federal election data for Kamala Harris, 2020 cycle • OpenSecretsDonald Trump's campaign filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission (FEC), contesting Vice President Kamala Harris's takeover of funds raised by President Joe Biden's reelection campaign. After Biden, who was competing closely with Trump, endorsed Harris and ended his bid for reelection, Harris assumed control of Biden's campaign accounts. The Trump campaign accused Harris of committing a significant campaign finance violation, describing it as a "brazen money grab."David Warrington, Trump's campaign general counsel, asserted that Harris's actions represented the largest campaign finance violation in American history. However, Saurav Ghosh from the Campaign Legal Center stated that Harris, as the vice presidential candidate, should legally have access to the funds. The FEC has not commented on the unresolved matter and is unlikely to settle the dispute before the November 5 presidential election.Meanwhile, Harris's campaign has dismissed the complaint, emphasizing their strong fundraising success, having raised $100 million since Biden's endorsement. Harris campaign spokesperson Charles Kretchmer Lutvak criticized the complaint as a baseless legal tactic by Republicans to distract from their efforts to mobilize voters and win the election.Trump campaign files complaint against Harris taking over Biden war chest | ReutersTrump Files Complaint Over Biden Giving Harris $96 MillionElectric vehicle manufacturer Rivian Automotive will face trial over allegations that it encouraged employees who left Tesla to steal trade secrets. This decision follows a tentative ruling by Judge Theodore C. Zayner of the Santa Clara County Superior Court, who denied Rivian's motion to dismiss the lawsuit. The judge determined that Tesla had provided sufficient evidence to proceed to trial, citing that some Rivian employees were not thoroughly investigated or disciplined regarding the alleged thefts.The dispute began in 2020 when Tesla accused Rivian of systematically poaching its employees and misappropriating confidential information. Although Rivian presented evidence of its internal investigation into the allegations, the judge found it insufficient to conclusively prove the adequacy of their efforts. Rivian has consistently denied the accusations, while Tesla has yet to comment on the recent ruling. A final hearing on the matter is scheduled for Wednesday in Santa Clara court.Rivian to face trial in Tesla trade secrets theft case, judge says | ReutersA federal judge has upheld the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) ban on noncompete agreements, rejecting a challenge by ATS Tree Services, a small Pennsylvania company. Judge Kelley Brisbon Hodge ruled that the FTC has clear authority to issue rules to prevent unfair competition methods. ATS Tree Services, which employs about 12 people, failed to show it would suffer irreparable harm if the ban took effect and could not prove the FTC lacked authority.This ruling contrasts with a July 3 decision by Judge Ada Brown in Texas, who sided with a Texas tax firm and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, arguing the FTC lacks the authority to enforce such rules. The White House praised Hodge's decision as a victory for workers and small businesses, while the FTC spokesperson highlighted that the ruling supports the FTC's role in banning noncompete clauses.ATS Tree Services argued that banning noncompete agreements would harm its business by undermining employee training investments, but the judge found insufficient evidence to support this claim. The case reflects a judicial split, with another final ruling on the challenge due by August 30, potentially impacting the rule set to go into effect on September 4.FTC Gets Win on Noncompete Ban After Loss in Another Court (3)A bipartisan group of Congress members introduced the Ending Corporate Bankruptcy Abuse Act to target the "Texas Two-Step" bankruptcy tactic used by companies like Johnson & Johnson to manage mass liabilities. The tactic involves placing an affiliate into bankruptcy to evade responsibility and delay justice for consumers. The proposed legislation aims to prevent such maneuvers by presuming bad faith in bankruptcies with clear signs of being a Texas Two-Step.Indicators of bad faith include manufacturing a connection to the bankruptcy venue, gaining a litigation advantage, prearranged deals capping liability funds, recent formation through divisional mergers, fraudulent transfers, or lack of valid reorganization purpose. The bill seeks to standardize federal rules for dismissing such bankruptcies across circuit courts. Additionally, it prohibits litigation pauses for nonbankrupt affiliates involved in a Texas Two-Step within the past four years, specifically targeting cases with over 100 tort claims.Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), a co-sponsor, emphasized that the bill ensures victims get their day in court. Rep. Lance Gooden (R-Texas) criticized corporations for using the tactic to avoid accountability. The bill is also backed by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) and Rep. Emilia Sykes (D-Ohio).Bipartisan Bill Aims to Deter ‘Texas Two-Step' Bankruptcy Tactic This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Inherit the Wind (1960) is a fictionalized account of the 1925 Scopes “Monkey Trial," where a local teacher is prosecuted for teaching about human evolution in public school in violation of state law. The film was directed by Stanley Kramer and is based on a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. It stars Spencer Tracy as Henry Drummond (patterned after celebrated defense attorney Clarence Darrow), Frederic March as the prosecutor Matthew Harrison Brady (patterned after famous three-time presidential candidate and renowned fundamentalist Christian spokesperson, William Jennings Bryan); Dick York as Bertram T. Cates (patterned after high school science teacher John Scopes), and Gene Kelly as reporter E. K. Hornbeck (patterned after H.L. Mencken). Fans of the TV series M*A*S*H  will also enjoy seeing Harry Morgan as the trial judge. The film not only provides a glimpse into the role of religion in public life in American in the 1920s; it also contains important messages about conformism and freedom of thought directed at the McCarthyism of its own era—messages that continue to reverberate today. My guest to talk about Inherit the Wind is film critic Nell Minow (bio  here).Timestamps:0.00     Introduction4:52     The era of the Scopes “monkey trial”8:34     The Scopes trial as a “test” case12:25   The decision to exclude evidence of evolution18:40   The later theory of “intelligent design”20:30   Clarence Darrow's classic cross-examination of William Jennings Bryan23:27   Miracle on 34th Street and how courts resolve disputes about faith24:40   The film as a response to the McCarthy era26:14   The verdict and aftermath30:10   The power and methods of the religious right today 34:22   The impact of Inherit the Wind and other “issue movies”37:06   The film's continuing relevanceFurther reading:Austerlitz, Saul, "Rethinking Stanley Kramer: How a message-movie humanist became an auteurist punching bag," Moving Image Source (Aug. 25, 2010)Farrell, John F., Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned (2011)Minow, Nell, “‘An Idea Is a Greater Monument Than a Cathedral': Deciding How We Know What We Know in ‘Inherit the Wind,'” 30 U. San Fran. L. Rev. 1225 (1996)National Center for Science Education, “Ten Major Court Cases about Evolution and Creationism” (June 6, 2016)Sprague de Camp, Lyon, The Great Monkey Trial (1968)Uelman, Gerald F., “The Trial as Circus: ‘Inherit the Wind,'” 30 U. San Fran. L. Rev. 1221 (1996)Law on Film is created and produced by Jonathan Hafetz. Jonathan is a professor at Seton Hall Law School. He has written many books and articles about the law. He has litigated important cases to protect civil liberties and human rights while working at the ACLU and other organizations. Jonathan is a huge film buff and has been watching, studying, and talking about movies for as long as he can remember. For more information about Jonathan, here's a link to his bio: https://law.shu.edu/faculty/full-time/jonathan-hafetz.cfmYou can contact him at jonathanhafetz@gmail.comYou can follow him on X (Twitter) @jonathanhafetz You can follow the podcast on X (Twitter) @LawOnFilmYou can follow the podcast on Instagram @lawonfilmpodcast

Nearly 100 years ago this month, John Scopes -- a substitute high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee -- was charged with teaching evolution to his students, violating a state law which prohibited instructors from teaching "any theory that denies the Story of Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible."  Julie welcomes Gregg Jarrett, author of The Trial of the Century, to discuss this trial as well as the ever-relevant question: How -- if at all -- should we regulate what is taught in public schools?  Jarrett's books: https://rb.gy/sk4sb Please take our survey: https://lp.juliehartmanshow.com/survey/Don't forget to like this video, subscribe to our YouTube channel, and ring the notification bell so you never miss a future upload!  Check out other Julie Hartman videos: https://www.youtube.com/@juliehartman Follow Julie Hartman on social media: Website: https://juliehartmanshow.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/julierhartman/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/JulieRHartman Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/timelesswithjuliehartmanSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Scopes Trial and the Fight for the Freedom to Teach | In 1924, John Scopes, an instructor in a public school in Dayton, Tennessee, was indicted for violating the Tennessee Butler Act for teaching evolution in a publicly funded school. Strong personalities and strong beliefs clashed in the courthouse as they engrossed and even inflamed the country. Clarence Darrow, America's most famous litigator dramatically clashed with Williams Jennings Bryan, populist, presidential nominee and evangelical believer. The "trial of the century," as it was called, revealed profound cultural and religious issues. Despite Darrow's passionate espousal of free speech and civil liberties, Scopes was found guilty. The conviction was overturned but the issues were hardly resolved. Controversies over public education have continued to reverberate in America, reaching deep into each decade from the 1920s to today. Historian and legal scholar Edward Larson illuminates that history and relevance for us today.   Larson holds the Hugh and Hazel Darling Chair in Law and is University Professor of History at Pepperdine University. Originally from Ohio with a PhD in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and law degree from Harvard, Larson has lectured on all seven continents and taught at Stanford Law School, University of Melbourne, Leiden University, and the University of Georgia, where he chaired the History Department. Prior to becoming a professor, Larson practiced law in Seattle and served as counsel for the U.S. House of Representatives in Washington, DC.

Nearly a century ago, in a blockbuster legal proceeding that brought the attention of the entire country to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, attorney Clarence Darrow defended high school teacher John Scopes, who was accused of violating a state law that made it a crime to teach evolution.  Three-time presidential candidate and former Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan argued for the prosecution. In a daring move, Darrow called Bryan to the witness stand as an expert on the Bible and creationism. Darrow's seminal defense of freedom of speech helped form the legal bedrock on which our civil liberties now depend. Newt's guest is Gregg Jarrett. His new book, “The Trial of the Century” is out now.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

…BTW, there was not a single monkey at the Scopes Monkey trial Brian Eggo is back to save the day once again! as András and Annika couldn't make it. But we hope that just like them and us, you will all make it to QED in Manchester on 23-24 of September. We will certainly be there! Tickets are now out and they're selling like, well, QED-tickets after a pandemic. Get yours now! In TWISH we hear about the arrest of John Scopes of the Scopes Monkey trial fame. (No monkeys were hurt in the making of this episode). Then, it's time for the news: GERMANY: Homeopathy company Heel reported to authorities for false advertising of product UK: On the power of objects, as the country is preparing for the coronation of The Alternative Prince INTERNATIONAL: WHO pseudoscience INTERNATIONAL: How medical decisions are really made? The Charité school in Berlin gets this weeks prize for being Really Wrong as they for no apparent reason pay for a professorship in anthroposophy. Enjoy! Segments: Intro; Greetings; TWISH; News; Really Wrong; Quote And Farewell; Outro; Out-Takes

US Senator Joseph McCarthy unleashed an era of suspicion on the American people as he went looking for communists. His trials, both public and behind closed doors, focused on the government as well as Hollywood and the Army. He claimed that he had lists of communists, but failed to produce that list. It wasn't until the Army-McCarthy hearings in the spring and summer of 1954 that his unfounded hearings were put to rest. One year later the play Inherit the Wind opened. It was supposed to be a critique of the McCarthy era set inside of a re-telling of the Scopes "monkey" trial. In doing so, it got many of the facts wrong. John Scopes never spent any time in jail. He didn't have a girlfriend, and that girlfriend was not berated on the stand. The townspeople of Dayton, TN were welcoming to both Bryan and Darrow. To explore this work of art and revisionist history I spoke with the hosts of the Seeing and Believing podcast Kevin McLenithan and Sarah Welch-Larson. Select differences between the Scopes trial and Inherit the Wind John Scopes was arrested but never spent time in jail. He was "arrested" in a soda fountain where the test trial was conceived and not in school. Scopes later claimed he never taught evolution, which is why he never took the stand in real life. The entire case was set up as a publicity stunt to bring attention to the town of Dayton, TN. They got the idea when they saw an ad placed by the ACLU. The character of Rachel did not exist in real life. The people of Dayton were welcoming to both Darrow and Bryan and Scopes was loved by many. He even spent time swimming with the prosecution between trial sessions. The moment when Bryan was on trial was held outdoors. H.L. Mencken was not some loveable curmudgeon. He was an anti-semite and a racist. Dayton largely did not vote for Bryan when he ran for president. Bryan died a few days after the trial, not while in the courtroom. Darrow did not carry a copy of the Bible and Darwin out of the courtroom. The textbook in question during the trial was clearly pro-eugenics, was sold in the soda fountain, and had been approved by the state textbook committee. The preachers of the town were kind. The odd sermon given the night of the trial never happened and the script adds a lot of strange things that are not in the Bible. Bryan wished the law to have no penalty, unlike his stand-in in the movie who hoped for a harsher punishment. Sources Inherit the Wind (1960 version) starring Spencer Tracy Summer for the Gods by Edward Larson Chris' own visit to the Dayton museum dedicated to the trial Helpful video about the Napoleon painting Discussion Questions: Where is the line between art and propaganda? Does art have an obligation to the truth? Do you see McCarthyism in Inherit the Wind? Is Inherit the Wind a fair way of discussing the Scopes trial, or a work of revisionist history? Why does it matter? What would it mean for a group that feels maligned and misunderstood to have a film misrepresent them? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Love Truce?? Donate to keep the show going! The trial was basically over. The prosecution won. John Scopes was moments away from being convicted of teaching evolution in Dayton, Tennessee. The ACLU and the prosecution had what they wanted. But Clarence Darrow did not. He wanted to make a monkey out of William Jennings Bryan, the famous "fundamentalist". But how? Darrow knew that if he turned down the chance to make a closing argument that Bryan would not be able to make one either. That meant that Bryan's carefully crafted words would never get heard. But he had one more trick up his sleeve. He would call Bryan, the lawyer for the prosecution, to the stand. Imagine that! The case was no longer about the defendant. It was about the lawyers trying to flex. Bryan took the bait. He got on the stand outdoors next to the Rhea County Courthouse in front of an audience of millions. Darrow, in a masterstroke, hit him over and over with the questions of any village atheist. Did Jonah really get swallowed by a large fish? Did the sun really stand still because Joshua prayed that it would? And Bryan... floundered on live radio. This event was made even more famous by the long-running play Inherit the Wind on broadway, which was followed up by a movie adaptation. But the play got it all wrong. Edward Larson, professor at Pepperdine University, and author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Summer for the Gods, joins Chris to uncover what really happened on that muggy summer day. Helpful Sources: "Summer for the Gods" by Edward Larson Rhea County Heritage and Scopes Trial Museum Worth a visit! Court Transcript of the Scopes Trial (easy to find online) "A Godly Hero" by Michael Kazin Discussion Questions: Bryan believed in majoritarianism. What is that idea? What do you think of it? Do you think Bryan should have gotten on the stand? Why or why not? How did Bryan do on the stand in your opinion? Does this court case matter in your understanding of fundamentalism? How and when should Christians make stands for their beliefs? When should we stay quiet? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Give to help Chris do Truce full time! Tennessee was the first state in the United States to crack down hard on the teaching of evolution in public schools. Others had dabbled, but Tennessee went all the way. The ACLU wanted to challenge the validity of the case in the courts. In order to do that they needed an educator to teach it, get busted, and be brought to trial. At the same time, the town of Dayton, TN needed a boost. After the biggest employer closed down it faced serious economic trouble. What if the men of Dayon could manufacture a court case to draw the attention of the nation? They found a young teacher named John Scopes and convinced him to participate in their scheme. They booked Scopes, even though he probably never taught evolution. The ACLU had its case. Soon William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow hopped on board and it went from a publicity stunt to something for the history books. This is the event that some historians (wrongly) point to as the death of Christian fundamentalism in the United States until it was revived by the Moral Majority. One man fighting for the biblical idea of creation and another for godless atheism. But the real history is far more complex. Edward Larson, professor at Pepperdine University, joins us to discuss the trial and his Pulitzer Prize-winning book "Summer for the Gods". Helpful Sources: "Summer for the Gods" by Edward Larson Rhea County Heritage and Scopes Trial Museum Worth a visit! Court Transcript of the Scopes Trial (easy to find online) "A Godly Hero" by Michael Kazin Discussion Questions: What events led to the Scopes trial? Why did the ACLU feel they had to try the Tennessee Law? Who should decide what is taught in schools? Teachers? Parents? Lawmakers? Or some combination? What were William Jennings Bryan's motives for joining the prosecution? What were Clarence Darrow's motives for joining the defense? Should prayer be allowed before a trial about religion? Should Christians get involved in what is taught in schools? To what degree? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

================================================== ==SUSCRIBETEhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNpffyr-7_zP1x1lS89ByaQ?sub_confirmation=1================================================== == DEVOCIÓN MATUTINA PARA ADOLESCENTES 2022“UN SALTO EN EL TIEMPO”Narrado por: DORIANY SÁNCHEZDesde: PERÚUna cortesía de DR'Ministries y Canaan Seventh-Day Adventist Church  10 DE JULIOEL JUICIO DEL MONOY dijo Dios: "Hagamos al hombre a nuestra imagen, conforme a nuestra semejanza"» (Génesis 1: 26, LBLA).¿De dónde venimos? Esa es una pregunta filosófica tan importante como las preguntas: ¿Qué hacemos aquí? ¿A dónde vamos? Las personas pensantes se han hecho estas preguntas durante siglos. ¿Hemos sido creados por Dios? ¿No somos más que criaturas evolucionadas que alguna vez fueron simios, como diría Charles Darwin? ¿O algún día terminaremos viviendo entre las estrellas? ¿Importa lo que creamos?Bueno, el panorama se volvió un poco más confuso para algunos en esta fecha de 1925, cuando John Scopes, un profesor de Ciencias de una escuela secundaria de Dayton, Tennessee, fue llevado a un juicio para enseñar la teoría de la evolución de Darwin. En marzo de 1925, el gobernador de Tennessee había firmado una ley que establecía que ningún profesor de ninguna escuela pública o universidad del estado podía «enseñar ninguna teoría que niegue la historia de la creación divina del hombre tal y como se enseña en la Biblia» . Pero John, que creía firmemente en la razón, decidió hacerlo de todos modos. Se le puso una multa de 100 dólares por infringir la ley y fue llevada a los tribunales.William Jennings Bryan fue el fiscal del Estado, y Clarence Darrows fue el abogado defensor de John. Se convirtió en el juicio más célebre del siglo, apoyado por todos los periódicos como «El Juicio del Mono». Se retransmitió en vivo por la radio, y el mundo escuchó atentamente el enfrentamiento entre la fe y la razón. El juicio también atrajo a miles de espectadores, y finalmente se llevó del interior del juzgado al frente del juzgado por temor a que el peso de la multitud derrumbara el piso principal de la sala. Sorprendentemente, Scopes ganó su caso, aunque fue despedido de su puesto de profesor.Desde entonces, los tribunales han emitido sus veredictos muchas veces. Algunos están a favor de la enseñanza exclusiva de la evolución, mientras que otros consideran que las escuelas deben presentar tanto la evolución como la creación y dejar que los alumnos decidan por sí mismos. ¿Y tú? ¿Cuál es tu postura sobre el tema? ¿Serás lo suficientemente valiente como para hablar en nombre de Dios cuando se trata de la creación de la Tierra y del origen de la vida? ¿Sabes por qué crees en lo que crees? ¿Por qué eso tiene importancia?Hace mucho, mucho tiempo, Jesús dio la cara por ti. ¿Harás lo mismo por él?

LEXINGTON, Ky. (April 7, 2022) – Few moments change the course of history. The Scopes Trial – where teaching evolution in schools became a national debate – is one of those moments. And it has a very distinct and profound connection to the University of Kentucky. John Scopes, the young school teacher in Dayton, Tenn. who was being prosecuted for teaching evolution in the schools, was a graduate of the University of Kentucky. He had been deeply influenced by teachers at UK and the university's third president, from 1917 to 1940, Franklin LeRond McVey. Prior to the Scopes Trial, McVey was one of the leaders of an effort in Kentucky to block legislation that proposed to prohibit the teaching of evolution in the schools. McVey's powerful rhetoric and political skills prevailed as the legislation was narrowly defeated. The movement then moved to Tennessee, setting the stage for one of the most important trials and debates of 20th Century America. Erik Reece is a professor of English at the University of Kentucky and the author of several books of non-fiction, along with poetry and magazine articles in leading national publications. He is working on a book-length treatment and examination of the Scopes Trial, its Kentucky connections and its meaning for us today. On this episode of Behind the Blue, Reece discusses this project, the writing process, his influences, the importance of Kentucky in American letters and writing and how teaching informs his work."Behind the Blue" is available on iTunes, Google Play, Stitcher and Spotify. Become a subscriber to receive new episodes of “Behind the Blue” each week. UK's latest medical breakthroughs, research, artists and writers will be featured, along with the most important news impacting the university. For questions or comments about this or any other episode of "Behind the Blue," email BehindTheBlue@uky.edu or tweet your question with #BehindTheBlue. Transcripts for this or other episodes of Behind the Blue can be downloaded from the show's blog page. To discover what's wildly possible at the University of Kentucky, click here.

On this ID The Future from the vault, host David Boze interviews filmmaker Fred Foote, writer and producer of the feature-length drama Alleged, which seeks to tell the real story behind the infamous 1925 Scopes Trial in Dayton, Tennessee, which pitched Darwinian evolution against belief in God. After seeing the 1960 film Inherit the Wind, starring Gene Kelly and Spencer Tracy, Foote did his own research into the trial and discovered that Inherit the Wind was highly misleading on many crucial points, an assessment corroborated by the 1997 Pulitzer-prize winning book about the trial, Summer for the Gods. So Foote set out to make another movie that would set the record straight and explore how media can influence, and profoundly distort, society's view of Read More › Source

Part two of our discussion with Edward Larson, Ph.D., J.D., author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (Ed Larson).   Remember to rate and review GTP in iTunes: Click Here To Rate and Review   New! Watch on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKdeO4IodggpSLyhWVdcWKw   Episode Details: Edward Larson, Ph.D., J.D., author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion and the Hugh and Hazel Darling Chair in Law and University Professor of History at Pepperdine University, explains the historical significance and societal impact of the landmark "Scopes Monkey Trial." In March 1925, the state of Tennessee passed the Butler Bill, which prohibited the teaching of evolution or anything but Divine Creation in schools. In response, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sought a test case and found one in Dayton, Tennessee science teacher John Scopes. During the eight-day trial, John Scopes pleaded not guilty to charges of violating the Butler Bill. He was represented by the ACLU and legendary trial attorney Clarence Darrow, who argued that the Butler Bill was unconstitutional and impeded basic freedom of religion rights. The special counsel for the prosecution was iconic American orator William Jennings Bryan, a political titan, former Secretary of State, celebrated speech maker and acclaimed U.S. Congressman who served as a major force behind the creation of the Butler Bill. The legal battle between Darrow and Bryan was truly an epic showdown, pitting two of the nation's best orators against one another in a court of law. On July 21, 1925, the jury returned a guilty verdict after nine minutes of deliberation, and Judge John Raulston ruled that John Scopes was ordered to pay a $100 fine for violating the Butler Bill. The verdict was overturned on a technicality at the Tennessee Supreme Court on January 15, 1927. In today's episode, learn why the Scopes trial is considered one of the most important cases in 20th century America and how it became the first trial to be broadcast live on the radio. Hear Edward Larson's analysis about the case, the precedents it set for Constitutional law in America and why the topic of evolution vs. creationism in schools is still being debated nearly 100 years later.   Click Here to Read/Download the Complete Trial Documents   Guest Bio: Edward Larson Ed Larson holds the Hugh and Hazel Darling Chair in Law and is University Professor of History at Pepperdine University. Originally from Ohio with a PhD in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and law degree from Harvard, Larson has lectured on all seven continents and taught at Stanford Law School, University of Melbourne, Leiden University, and the University of Georgia, where he chaired the History Department. Prior to becoming a professor, Larson practiced law in Seattle and served as counsel for the US House of Representatives in Washington, DC. He received an honorary doctorate in humane letters from Ohio State University but still roots for the University of Wisconsin in football. Recipient of the Pulitzer Prize in History and numerous other awards for writing and teaching, Larson is the author or co-author of fourteen books and over one hundred published articles. His 2015 book, The Return of George Washington: Uniting the States, 1783-1789, was a New York Times Bestseller and resulted in Larson being invited to deliver the 2016 Supreme Court Historical Society lecture in Washington, give the annual Gaines Lecture at Mount Vernon, and serve as a featured presenter for the Library of Congress's Madison Council event. His other books, which have been translated into over twenty languages, include An Empire of Ice: Scott Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science; A Magnificent Catastrophe: The Tumultuous Election of 1800, America's First Presidential Campaign; and the Pulitzer Prize winning Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion. Larson's articles have appeared in such varied publications as Nature, Atlantic Monthly, Science, Scientific American, Time, Wall Street Journal, American History, The Guardian, and dozens of law reviews. His latest book, On Earth and Science, was published by Yale University Press in 2017. A popular lecturer, Larson has taught short courses at universities in China, Europe, and South America; and given addresses at over 80 American universities. He was a resident scholar at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Study Center; held the Fulbright Program's John Adams Chair in American Studies; participated in the National Science Foundation's Antarctic Writers and Artists Program; and served as an inaugural Fellow at the Library for the Study of George Washington at Mount Vernon. A panelist on the National Institutes of Health's Study Section for Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues of the Human Genome Project, Larson is interviewed frequently for broadcast, print, cable, and internet media, including The Daily Show, The Today Show, and multiple appearances on PSB, BBC, the History Channel, C-SPAN, CNN, Fox News, MNBC, and NPR. Read Full Bio   Show Sponsors: Legal Technology Services - LegalTechService.com Digital Law Marketing - DigitalLawMarketing.com Harris Lowry Manton LLP - hlmlawfirm.com   Free Resources: Stages Of A Jury Trial - Part 1 Stages Of A Jury Trial - Part 2

This week, your hosts Steve Lowry and Yvonne Godfrey interview Edward Larson, Ph.D., J.D., author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (Ed Larson).   Remember to rate and review GTP in iTunes: Click Here To Rate and Review   New! Watch on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKdeO4IodggpSLyhWVdcWKw   Episode Details: Edward Larson, Ph.D., J.D., author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion and the Hugh and Hazel Darling Chair in Law and University Professor of History at Pepperdine University, explains the historical significance and societal impact of the landmark "Scopes Monkey Trial." In March 1925, the state of Tennessee passed the Butler Bill, which prohibited the teaching of evolution or anything but Divine Creation in schools. In response, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sought a test case and found one in Dayton, Tennessee science teacher John Scopes. During the eight-day trial, John Scopes pleaded not guilty to charges of violating the Butler Bill. He was represented by the ACLU and legendary trial attorney Clarence Darrow, who argued that the Butler Bill was unconstitutional and impeded basic freedom of religion rights. The special counsel for the prosecution was iconic American orator William Jennings Bryan, a political titan, former Secretary of State, celebrated speechmaker, and acclaimed U.S. Congressman who served as a major force behind the creation of the Butler Bill. The legal battle between Darrow and Bryan was truly an epic showdown, pitting two of the nation's best orators against one another in a court of law. On July 21, 1925, the jury returned a guilty verdict after nine minutes of deliberation, and Judge John Raulston ruled that John Scopes was ordered to pay a $100 fine for violating the Butler Bill. The verdict was overturned on a technicality at the Tennessee Supreme Court on January 15, 1927. In today's episode, learn why the Scopes trial is considered one of the most important cases in 20th century America and how it became the first trial to be broadcast live on the radio. Hear Edward Larson's analysis about the case, the precedents it set for Constitutional law in America, and why the topic of evolution vs. creationism in schools is still being debated nearly 100 years later.   Click Here to Read/Download the Complete Trial Documents   ABOUT EDWARD LARSON'S BOOK: https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/edward-j-larson https://www.amazon.com/Summer-Gods-Americas-Continuing-Religion/dp/046507510X   Guest Bio: Edward Larson Ed Larson holds the Hugh and Hazel Darling Chair in Law and is University Professor of History at Pepperdine University. Originally from Ohio with a Ph.D. in the history of science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and law degree from Harvard, Larson has lectured on all seven continents and taught at Stanford Law School, University of Melbourne, Leiden University, and the University of Georgia, where he chaired the History Department. Prior to becoming a professor, Larson practiced law in Seattle and served as counsel for the US House of Representatives in Washington, DC. He received an honorary doctorate in humane letters from Ohio State University but still roots for the University of Wisconsin in football. Recipient of the Pulitzer Prize in History and numerous other awards for writing and teaching, Larson is the author or co-author of fourteen books and over one hundred published articles. His 2015 book, The Return of George Washington: Uniting the States, 1783-1789, was a New York Times Bestseller and resulted in Larson being invited to deliver the 2016 Supreme Court Historical Society lecture in Washington, give the annual Gaines Lecture at Mount Vernon, and serve as a featured presenter for the Library of Congress's Madison Council event. His other books, which have been translated into over twenty languages, include An Empire of Ice: Scott Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science; A Magnificent Catastrophe: The Tumultuous Election of 1800, America's First Presidential Campaign; and the Pulitzer Prize-winning Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion. Larson's articles have appeared in such varied publications as Nature, Atlantic Monthly, Science, Scientific American, Time, Wall Street Journal, American History, The Guardian, and dozens of law reviews. His latest book, On Earth and Science, was published by Yale University Press in 2017. A popular lecturer, Larson has taught short courses at universities in China, Europe, and South America; and given addresses at over 80 American universities. He was a resident scholar at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Study Center; held the Fulbright Program's John Adams Chair in American Studies; participated in the National Science Foundation's Antarctic Writers and Artists Program; and served as an inaugural Fellow at the Library for the Study of George Washington at Mount Vernon. A panelist on the National Institutes of Health's Study Section for Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues of the Human Genome Project, Larson is interviewed frequently for broadcast, print, cable, and internet media, including The Daily Show, The Today Show, and multiple appearances on PSB, BBC, the History Channel, C-SPAN, CNN, Fox News, MNBC, and NPR. Read Full Bio   Show Sponsors: Legal Technology Services - LegalTechService.com Digital Law Marketing - DigitalLawMarketing.com Harris Lowry Manton LLP - hlmlawfirm.com   Free Resources: Stages Of A Jury Trial - Part 1 Stages Of A Jury Trial - Part 2

Transcript here: https://otter.ai/u/s518QoR-pb9K9V5FnxTnlZA4PBo This episode, we speak with Carl Weinberg, author of Red Dynamite: Creationism, Culture Wars, and Anticommunism in America. https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501759291/red-dynamite/#bookTabs=2 Carl Weinberg is Adjunct Associate Professor of History and Senior Lecturer in the College of Arts and Sciences, at Indiana University Bloomington. He is also the author of Labor, Loyalty, and Rebellion from Southern Illinois University Press. We spoke to Carl about the very real and hidden labor and socialist history of John Scopes of the famous Scopes Monkey Trial, why there is a rational kernel of truth behind Christian conservatives linking the theory of evolution with communism, and why Christian conservatives' main argument against evolution has always been about its impacts on society rather than anything having to do with biology.

This podcast has two parts.  The first part is a discussion of the Scopes Trial of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee.  Tennessee had passed a law restricting the teaching of evolution and a science teacher named John Scopes decided to challenge it.  The second part is a talk I delivered at a conference on Religion and Science. Interesting Factoid:  Those who argue against evolution say that there is no way natural evolution could have produced the human eye, for example.  There must have been an "intelligent design" behind what happened, i.e., God.  This curious phrase comes from a story in the McGuffey Readers.  George Washington, then a young boy, is walking through the garden with his father.  His father points to a pattern in the plants that spell out "George Washington."  His father asks how he thinks there can be such a thing.  Young George says  he thinks there must have been some 'intelligent design' behind it.  There the story ends.  I would put my money on George's father, but that is not the conclusion of those who believe in divine creation.   There are references to the Leopold and Loeb Trial, Clarence Darrow, William Jennings Bryan, John Scopes,  the Fundamentals of the Faith, H. L. Mencken, Nietzsche, Malthus, and the Bible. There is also a discussion of public opinion on relevant topics. Books:  Clarence Darrow.  For the Defense by Irving Stone Summer for the Gods.  the Scopes Trial by Edward Larson. Film and play:   Inherit the Wind.  Update:  Just reading the Larson book.  The Tennessee Supreme Court voted 3-2 to uphold the law.  One of the three justices said it did not prohibit "theistic evolution," i. e., the idea that God created evolution.  Also, Tennessee law specified that the jury should set the fine.  The jury had recommended that the judge set the fine at the minimum, i. e., $100.00.  The court ruled that this was out of order.  They vacated the conviction.  In the end, Scopes was NOT convicted.  Moreover, there was no appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court.  Scopes was offered scholarships to Harvard and elsewhere.  He went to the University of Kentucky to study engineering and became a petroleum engineer.  

A lot of people know about "The Southern Strategy," the multi-year plan of 20th century Republicans like Richard Nixon to get white voters in the South to stop voting for Democrats, but what isn't widely known is that the GOP itself was changed by the electoral coalition that it attracted. Angie Maxwell, a professor at the University of Arkansas, takes a deep look at how Republicans incorporated many aspects of Southern white Protestantism in her book "The Long Southern Strategy: How Chasing White Voters in the South Changed American Politics." In this episode of Theory of Change, Maxwell and Matthew Sheffield discuss how the loss of the Civil War and negative media coverage of the John Scopes evolution trial in Tennessee were some of the reasons that many white Southerners felt aggrieved from the rest of the country, and how this set the stage for a politics built on that resentment. They also talk about how it's overly simplistic to say that flipping the white South was only about race or segregation. Some party switchers went to the GOP because it stopped supporting the Equal Rights Amendment and other policies they believed to be violations of traditional roles for women. Others went to Republicans because the party decided to rebuild itself into a party for Christians. Full episode transcript: https://flux.community/matthew-sheffield/2021/08/southern-strategy-changed-how-white-southerners-voted-it-also-changed Angie Maxwell on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AngieMaxwell1 Matthew Sheffield on Twitter: https://twitter.com/mattsheffield Buy Angie's book here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-long-southern-strategy-9780190265960?cc=us&lang=en& Theory of Change is part of the Flux network, a new content community of podcasters and writers. Please visit us at https://flux.community to learn more and to tell us about what you're doing! We're constantly growing and learning from the great people we meet. Please support Theory of Change: PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/theorychange Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/discoverflux

The state of Tennessee had made it a criminal offense to teach evolution in the public schools. The trial of John Scopes became the most famous court case in America of the period.

The Scopes Monkey Trial, Inherit the Wind, and DS9’s “In the Hands of the Prophets.” The trial of US high school teacher John Scopes in 1925 was perhaps the definitive 20th-century showdown between religion and science. Indicted for teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution in defiance of creationist state law, Scopes turned the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, into the center of a political carnival. Household names headed up the legal teams on both sides, vast crowds packed into the courthouse, and performing chimps were stationed outside among the lemonade stands to provide entertainment for those who couldn't get a ringside seat. In this episode of Primitive Culture, host Duncan Barrett is joined by Clara Cook to look at how the Scopes Trial—and it’s most well-known cinematic recreation in the lightly fictionalized 1960 film Inherit the Wind—featured as a major inspiration for Deep Space Nine’s Season-One finale, “In the Hands of the Prophets.” Penned by Robert Hewitt Wolfe, this classic episode eschewed the temptation of a shocking cliffhanger ending in favor of a complex political and philosophical drama which staked a claim to the kind of show DS9 would go on to be. Chapters Intro (00:00:00) Inherit the Wind (00:04:25)   Fire and Brimstone (00:29:05)   Galileo, Galileo (01:06:40)   Religious Education (01:28:30) Host Duncan Barrett Guest Clara Cook Production Tony Black (Editor) Duncan Barrett (Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) Matthew Rushing (Executive Producer)

The Scopes Monkey Trial, Inherit the Wind, and DS9's “In the Hands of the Prophets.” The trial of US high school teacher John Scopes in 1925 was perhaps the definitive 20th-century showdown between religion and science. Indicted for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in defiance of creationist state law, Scopes turned the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, into the center of a political carnival. Household names headed up the legal teams on both sides, vast crowds packed into the courthouse, and performing chimps were stationed outside among the lemonade stands to provide entertainment for those who couldn't get a ringside seat. In this episode of Primitive Culture, host Duncan Barrett is joined by Clara Cook to look at how the Scopes Trial—and it's most well-known cinematic recreation in the lightly fictionalized 1960 film Inherit the Wind—featured as a major inspiration for Deep Space Nine's Season-One finale, “In the Hands of the Prophets.” Penned by Robert Hewitt Wolfe, this classic episode eschewed the temptation of a shocking cliffhanger ending in favor of a complex political and philosophical drama which staked a claim to the kind of show DS9 would go on to be. Chapters Intro (00:00:00) Inherit the Wind (00:04:25) Fire and Brimstone (00:29:05) Galileo, Galileo (01:06:40) Religious Education (01:28:30) Host Duncan Barrett Guest Clara Cook Production Tony Black (Editor) Duncan Barrett (Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) Matthew Rushing (Executive Producer)

In 1925 the state of Tennessee passed the Butler Act, which made it illegal to teach the theory of evolution in public schools. A group of men in Dayton, Tennessee, decided to challenge that law with the help of the ACLU, picking a high school teacher named John Scopes as their defendant. Today we tell part one of that story. You can subscribe to the Stories podcast in many ways: on our website, www.storiespodcast.net, at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, IHeart Radio, Audible, RadioPublic and many more. Thanks for listening!

In 1925, John Scopes, a high school teacher from Dayton, Tennessee, was put on trial for teaching evolution. It came to be called the "monkey trial," a landmark in the history of doubt. All over the country, Americans tuned in on their radios as science and faith battled in the courtroom. But the nation also witnessed something else: the beginnings of a culture war that’s been waged ever since. This episode on The Last Archive, a skeptical chronicle of an early battle in that war. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

24 anni John sfidò una legge ingiusta e per questo fu costretto a subire un processo incredibile! Era solo un ragazzo ma non ebbe nessuna esitazione nello sfidare un sistema bigotto e anacronistico.La sua vita ne fu distrutta ma è grazie alla sua battaglia che la follia del Butler's Act cominciò a vacillare.Questa è la storia di John Scopes col suo processo alla Scimmia.Testo di Giovanni Scarlata e voce di Giuseppe Spignola.MusicaStoic Morning by Kevin MacLeodLink: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4418-stoic-morningLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Leggi il testo: https://www.ilmalvagio.it/2020/08/19/ohn-scopes-il-processo-alla-scimmia/

John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution on this day in 1925. / On this day in 365 C.E., an earthquake off the coast of Crete triggered a tsunami and destruction in the Eastern Mediterranean. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers

In the summer of 1925, H. L. Mencken traveled to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, to cover the trial of John Scopes, who challenged the law against teaching evolution in schools.

Join us for a virtual conversation with Edward Larson to commemorate the 20th anniversary of his Pulitzer Prize-winning history Summer for the Gods, the definitive account of the pivotal battle between creationism and evolution. In his new epilogue, Larson assesses the lasting resonance of the Scopes Trial as clashes continue between science and religion, and about free speech and academic freedom. Larson takes us back to the 1920s, when Protestant fundamentalists started a national campaign against the teaching of Darwinism in American schools. Tennessee was the first state to honor the movement by banning Darwinism from its curriculum. But the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) challenged the ban and requested that teacher John Scopes reject it outright in his classroom, resulting in a 1925 trial of mythic proportions with a dramatic legal matchup that ignited massive media attention. Represented by Clarence Darrow and the ACLU, John Scopes was pitted against William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists. The ensuing debate over the respective places of science and religion in public education remains a continuing conflict in cities and states throughout the United States to this day. MLF ORGANIZER George Hammond NOTES MLF: Humanities Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We remember the year 1925 and the indictment of John Scopes. The reading is from "The Everlasting Man" by G.K. Chesterton. — We’re a part of 1517 Podcasts, a network of shows dedicated to delivering Christ-centered content. Our podcasts cover a multitude of content, from Christian doctrine, apologetics, cultural engagement, and powerful preaching. GIVE BACK: Support the work of 1517 today CONTACT: CHA@1517.org SUBSCRIBE: Apple Podcasts Spotify Stitcher Overcast Google Play FOLLOW US: Facebook Twitter This show was produced by Christopher Gillespie, a Lutheran pastor (stjohnrandomlake.org), coffee roaster (gillespie.coffee), and media producer (gillespie.media).

On this week's absolutely apesh#t episode, our heroes do a deep dive into one of the most bizarre trials in the annals of American history : The Texas Chai... I mean, The Scopes Trial.  Sources:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_trialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Darrowhttps://www.vox.com/2015/7/21/9009713/scopes-trial-spectacleShow Notes:Here's the subreddit we were talking about. https://www.reddit.com/r/imsorryjon/Arizona is ranked 3rd worst in nation. Guess it must've changed since Michael last looked into it. https://ktar.com/story/2672670/arizona-ranked-3rd-worst-public-education-system-in-nation/ Intro:Bama Country by Kevin MacLeodLink: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/3417-bama-country License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Outro:Semi-Funk by Kevin MacLeodLink: https://filmmusic.io/song/4333-semi-funkLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week we cover the Tennessee trial of John Scopes who was indicted for teaching evolution in the classroom in 1925. We trace the beginnings of the long feud between fundamental religious belief straining against oncoming modernity and how those trends continue in the present day. 

The State of Tennessee vs. John Scopes. The science teacher was prosecuted in the summer of 1925 for teaching evolution in a public school - which a bill had recently made illegal. The trial, which brought two of the best orators of the era together as opposing attorneys, captured the attention of the nation. Step back into a heated debate with Jack and Lar as they talk about the Scopes Monkey Trial. Intro Sweet Georgia Brown - Ben Bernie and His Orchestra Outro You Can’t Make a Monkey Out of Me - Ashford Quartette

John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution on this day in 1925. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers

In the summer of 1925, H. L. Mencken traveled to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, to cover the trial of John Scopes, who challenged the law against teaching evolution in schools.

If you’ve seen the 1960 Spencer Tracy movie Inherit the Wind, you know about the Scopes Monkey Trial. In this real-life 1925 case, John Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee’s Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The case became an enormous media sensation. It was reported on like a boxing match, science vs. fundamentalism. But oddly enough, Scopes was not originally brought to trial by any fundamentalists. The trial was deliberately staged to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant. In this episode Hillsdale Professor Darryl Hart discusses the Scopes Monkey Trial, the legal parameters of religion in American public life, and the larger-than-life figures of early 20th century America like HL Mencken.

Introducing the first ever Professor Buzzkill Flashback Friday! Every Friday we'll be re-releasing old favorites. This week we have episode #56 - the Scopes Trial! On April 24, 1925, a high school teacher named John Scopes taught a class in Dayton, Tennessee, using a state-mandated textbook that included a chapter explaining Darwin’s theory of evolution. In doing so, Scopes was in violation of Tennessee’s Butler Act, passed earlier in the year. He was arrested, tried, convicted, and fined $100. The verdict was later overturned on a technicality, but the case has gone down in history as an example of faith against science, ignorance against knowledge, and tradition against progress. But what really happened? Why was the Scopes Trial held? Find out, Buzzkillers!

On April 24, 1925, a high school teacher named John Scopes taught a class in Dayton, Tennessee, using a state-mandated textbook that included a chapter explaining Darwin’s theory of evolution. In doing so, Scopes was in violation of Tennessee’s Butler Act, passed earlier in the year. He was arrested, tried, convicted, and fined $100. The verdict was later overturned on a technicality, but the case has gone down in history as an example of faith against science, ignorance against knowledge, and tradition against progress. But what really happened? Why was the Scopes Trial held? Find out, Buzzkillers!

In the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, the morning of Friday July 10, 1925 was blisteringly hot. Outside the country courtroom, a crowd of around 1000 people had gathered. Squeezing through the throng came a young schoolteacher and athletics coach, John Scopes. Scopes was accompanied by Clarence Darrow, one of the most famous lawyers in the United States. But when a cheer went up from the assembled mass, it was not for Scopes or Darrow, but for the elderly, burly figure of Williams Jennings Bryan. Lawyer, moralist, three times Presidential candidate, religious authority, and key figure in the Populist movement of the 1890s. These two legal titans were here to defend and prosecute John Scopes. His crime was admitting to teaching Darwinian evolution in defiance of a state law banning the promulgation of evolutionary theory.  The Scopes Trial has entered popular myth and legend, claimed as a victory by both sides, misrepresented and misunderstood in film and literature. So, in Episode 17 of American History Too! we’re going to look at the 1925 Scopes Trial and try to get to the heart of what was actually going on. Reading List Barry Hankins, Jesus and Gin:  Evangelicalism, the Roaring Twenties and Today’s Culture Wars (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) Edward J. Larson, Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (Harvard University Press, 1998) Michael Lienisch, In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement (University of North Carolina Press, 2007) Jeffrey P. Moran, The Scopes Trial: A Brief History With Documents (Bedford/St Martin’s, 2002) Ronald Numbers, Darwinism Comes to America (Harvard University Press, 1998) Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford University Press, 2007) Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy (Anchor Books, 2012) Adam Shapiro, Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2014) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Scope this episode out! Evolution is the topic of this episode of Nature Boy, and that first line is a reference to the Scopes monkey trial, in which substitute teacher John Scopes was found guilty of violating a Tennessee law forbidding the teaching of our topic in public schools. Have things changed? Has the modern public's understanding of this topic evolved? Well, naturally select play on your listening device and find out!

Palmer Raids, KKK, National Origins System, Prohibition, TN v. John Scopes, Andrew Mellon, Advertising

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter's 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both. The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro's book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter's 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both. The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro's book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1924-25 school year, John Scopes was filling in for the regular biology teacher at Rhea County Central High School in Dayton, Tennessee. The final exam was coming up, and he assigned reading from George W. Hunter’s 1914 textbook A Civic Biology to prepare students for the test. What followed has become one of the most well-known accounts in the history of science and one of the most famous trials of twentieth-century America. In Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Anti-Evolution Movement in American Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2013), Adam R. Shapiro urges us to look beyond the rubrics of “science” and “religion” to understand how the Scopes trial became such an important event in the histories of both.  The story begins with a pair of Pinkerton detectives spying on a pair of textbook salesmen in the Edwards Hotel in Jackson, Mississippi. Shapiro brings us from that hotel room into a series of classrooms, boardrooms, and courtrooms while exploring the battle over textbook reform in the twentieth-century US. Based on a close reading of high school curricular materials around the discipline of botany, with special attention to the emergence of “civic botany” as a pedagogical field, Shapiro’s book uses the debates over pedagogy, evolution, and the textbook industry to explore a number of issues that are of central importance to the history of science: the construction of authorship, the histories of reading practices, the co-emergence of economies and technologies, and the ways that urban and rural localities shape the nature of sciences and their publics. It is a gripping, moving, and enlightening story. Enjoy! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Introduction I’d like to ask that you take your Bibles and turn in them to Genesis chapter 2. We're going to be looking this morning at the second chapter of Genesis in our study in the first 12 chapters of Genesis. And as we come to the second chapter, perhaps even more than in the first chapter, we come to a seat, or a hotbed, of controversy. In this chapter, more clearly revealed than anywhere else in Scripture, we get a description of the special creation of man, of male and female in the image of God and of the work that they were given to do. And as a result, we are brought head-to-head or face-to-face with one of the great lies that Satan has ever perpetrated on human race. Namely, the lie of evolution. The Evolution Debate Now, I've studied a great deal about evolution. I've constantly had to wrestle with it. Early in my Christian life when I was talking to people who were training me how to do evangelism, and they're saying, “You've got to watch out for these red herrings that people throw out, they'll throw out things like, ‘Well, what about the dinosaurs? What about the flood? What about evolution?’” And you're supposed to kind of ignore those and stick to the Gospel. But I think that's a mistake, especially in the era that we're living in now. I think that people genuinely have grown up not knowing the Lord in our generation. They don't really know what to think about their creation, about their lives. I think there have been many weeds that have grown up in understanding. There are false arguments that Satan has set up, and it is our job as Christians to clear them away. 2 Corinthians 10:3-5 says, “Though we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does. We do not fight with the weapons of this world, on the contrary, we wage war with spiritual weapons. We are working against arguments and pretensions that set themselves up against the knowledge of Christ, and we are ready to take captive every thought and make it obedient to Jesus Christ.” And so what that means is that we have to go out with knowledge, with insight and be able to give an answer for the reason of the hope that we have in Jesus Christ. We should be able to answer this lie of evolution. Now, where did the whole idea of evolution come from? Well it began, of course, with Charles Darwin. On December 27th, 1831, a young British naturalist, Charles Darwin, set foot on the HMS Beagle, he was going to be a naturalist on that voyage. They sailed south. They went to the Cape Verde islands off the coast of Africa, and then to the Galapagos islands off the coast of South America. He studied the flora and fauna there, the vegetation, the animal life, and he made some notes, some observations, and his theory started to germinate. But I think the real issue for Darwin happened before he ever got on board the Beagle. You see, Darwin was studying to be an Anglican minister. Perhaps you didn't know that, but he was to have been a clergyman. And as he wrestled with the truths of our faith, he came more and more to doubt them, came more and more to doubt Christianity. And this is what he wrote in his autobiography, he said, “Disbelief crept over me at a very slow rate, but at that point,” namely when he is training to be a minister, “disbelief had become at last complete, I can hardly see how anyone could wish Christianity to be true. I can hardly see how anyone could wish Christianity to be true, for if so, my father, my brother, almost all my best friends will be everlastingly punished, and this is a damnable doctrine.” Darwin’s theory That's what Darwin wrote and that's before he ever set foot on the Beagle. And this is a remarkable thing, when you look at that. He had rejected Christianity, rejected the Gospel, rejected the idea of a sovereign God before whom we must give an account, and was open to something, looking for something, and as he studied the flora and fauna on these islands. An idea popped up in his mind and in November of 1859, he published his book, famous book, The Origin of the Species,. While he said nothing about the descent of man at that point, it came later in 1872. The whole ground work had been laid for that and later, he came out openly with his doctrine of the evolution of man. Now, early on, the debates and the arguments with evolution where amongst basically fossil hunters. People said there's no evidence, nothing supports this, it's just a theory, and so they were constantly looking for fossils, looking for Darwin's missing link. By the way, there shouldn't be just one missing link, there should be a whole bunch of them, actually thousands of them, if there's a steady evolution from one species to the other. We shouldn't be lacking data, but they were looking for a missing link, they thought they found it in 1924 in a cave in South Africa in the Taung region. There's a limestone cave there, and they found a skull there, and a brain capsule, and they brought it to a professor, Raymond Dart. And he worked on it, and out came this little skull came to be known as The Taung Child, by their dating techniques estimated between one and two-million-years-old. This supposedly was the missing link. What's really strange about all this is that 12 years later, in searching for more fossils in this area, a zoologist and physiologist Robert Broom, who would eventually find some more fossils, a very significant man in the whole development of this discussion of evolution, he wanted to see The Taung Child, this skull, and so he contacted Raymond Dart. Raymond Dart invited him over, and when he saw the skull, this fossilized skull, he knelt down and paid it homage. He worshiped it. Now, this is really striking, isn't it? Because this is exactly the same thing that the Apostle Paul said in Romans Chapter 1, he said, “Professing to be wise, they became fools and began to worship idols.” And then in Romans 1:25, it says, “They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served created things more than the Creator who is forever praised, Amen.” The Scopes Monkey trial That's exactly what Robert Broom was doing there, kneeling down before a fossilized skull, giving it homage and worshipping it. Around the same time that the Taung skull was discovered, in Dayton, Tennessee there was a very famous trial, the Scopes Monkey Trial. Many of you perhaps have heard of that. There were many laws on the books back then against teaching evolution, he defied it and taught evolution. It got picked up as a famous case by the ACLU, they sent Clarence Darrow, who was the best trial lawyer of the day to defend Scopes. William Jennings Bryan, who had been one of the number one spokesmen for fundamentalism came. He saw it as a kind of a Daniel in the lion's den kind of thing, and he wanted to really argue for the Bible. But he was ill-equipped to do so. He was not a good debater. And in the end, it turned out to be a debacle, an embarrassment for Bible-believing Christians, and I believe that we have been reeling ever since in terms of popular culture. Modernism, obviously won that day. Fundamentalism was seen to be backwards, ignorant, people who had their heads in the sand and were simply unable to deal with scientific information. That attitude has continued even up to our present day. A few weeks ago, there was a cover article in Time magazine, I actually have it with me here. How many of you saw this? It was on the news stands. We see this all the time, every 24 months or so, Time will do something like this, as though something spectacular or something new has been found. All they find are a few more bits of bone, and they put it together with some plastic, recreate the skull, and this is supposed to be a significant finding. You read the article and you find that really there's nothing all that new what they're finding. But they need to keep this evolution thing going, and they keep it on the cover of Time magazine. Gould’s two basic arguments What's really interesting though, inside the article is a little opinion piece done by Stephen Jay Gould. Now, Stephen Jay Gould is a professor at Harvard of geology. He's probably the number one spokesman in America today for evolution, and this is what he writes, he said, “Teaching biology.”.. now, by the way, he's talking right here about the whole issue of Kansas Board of Education which has voted to stop teaching evolution in schools and as a result, he's decrying this and lamenting it and saying we've taken a step backwards and we really need to do what we can to keep making progress here, and so he's very upset about this, and he says, “Teaching biology without evolution is like teaching Chemistry without the periodic table, or American History without Lincoln.” And then he says that the struggle between evolution and religion is completely unnecessary. No scientific theory, including evolution, can pose any threat to religion for these two great tools of human understanding operate in completely different realms, complementary, not contrary, but in completely separate realms. Science as an inquiry about the factual state of the natural world and religion as a search for spiritual meaning and ethical values. Now there's two basic ideas in Gould's article there, number one, that evolution is not simply a scientific theory, but it's absolutely indisputable fact. And number two, that evolution and Christianity are not mutually exclusive at all, but they really can co-exist together if we would just understand them properly. Evolution is more a faith than a science Thoughtful Christians should reject both of those premises, both of them. Evolution must be accepted by faith every bit as much as creation. There are huge gaps in the fossil record that they have trouble explaining. Probably the biggest problem with the whole evolutionary framework is that no one really knows how life came to be to begin with. How do you go from non-biologically active chemicals to DNA and all these incredibly complex things. Where did that come from? How did it work? And furthermore, why isn't there more evidence in the fossils? Why so many gaps in the fossil record? Why just bits of bone here and there? There are real significant scientific problems with evolution. But also we have to say as believing Christians, and we have to come to the conclusion that evolution and Bible-based Christianity are mutually exclusive, and the key chapter is Genesis 2. For in Genesis 2, we see evidence, or data, that cannot be reconciled with evolution, specifically in the fact that there was a period of time in which Adam was alone and that there was no female. That's impossible with evolution. And we have to come to grips with that. We cannot have both. I think there's this idea of theistic evolution, trying to grab what you can from science and from the Bible and put it all together. You’re going to have to make a choice, because the Bible presents Genesis 2 as fact and it's upheld by various verses as well in the New Testament, as we will see. The Special Creation of Man Was Genesis 2 merely some kind of moral allegory? Some kind of moralistic story that we're not supposed to get any data from? Or is it really fact? Did it really happen that way? Well, Jesus in Matthew 19 and His teaching on divorce, quotes from Genesis 2, and quotes from it as if it were literal history. And talking about divorce, He says, Haven't you read... this is in Matthew 19:4 and following, “Haven't you read that at the beginning, the Creator made them male and female, and the creator said, for this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one. What God has therefore joined together, let man not separate.” Was this merely an allegory? A parable to Jesus? Absolutely not. And then the Apostle Paul says very plainly in 1 Timothy 2:13, “For Adam was formed first and then Eve.” And then in 1 Corinthians 11:8, he says, “For man did not come from woman, but woman from man.” And so, these statements make absolutely no sense if evolution is true, you have to throw them out, you have to make a choice. So out with theistic evolution and also with the idea that Stephen Jay Gould says that science and religion operate in totally separate realms, they do not. I believe that God created us, as I said last week, to be scientist worshippers of Him, to give glory and praise and honor to his name by using our intellect, our minds. That which was given to us is created in the image of God to find what God has done in this world and to worship him for it. So now, let's look a little bit more carefully at the text of Scripture itself. I really wish all I ever had to do is just go through the Bible, but sometimes you need to discuss these things, and there is so much evidence more that I would love to share with you. A number of you took me up on that offer and I wrote an email this week about it. If you'd like to know more about why I think that evolution is a bad option, scientifically, talk to me, but we want to focus this morning on the word of God and talk about it. Genesis 1 and 2: A contradiction? Now, when we come to Genesis 2, having just read Genesis 1, we also run into a problem with the text of Scripture as well, there seems to be somewhat of a contradiction between the account in Genesis 1 and in Genesis 2. For example, in Genesis 1:26, it says that God said, let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule, etcetera. In verse 27, it says, “So God created man in His own image, in the image of God, He created him male and female, He created them.” Now, the idea you might get from that is that male and female were created at the exact same time.. It doesn't say that, but it does say that male and female were created definitely both in the image of God and both were to rule over creation as co-laborers for the glory of God. But then when you get to Genesis 2, it seems like there's some kind of a different account here. We get the earth kind of waiting for man, and there's no shrubs and then there's no rain, and then it just seems like a different account. And then man was formed up out of the clay and then the woman comes in later, and it seems contradictory. And that idea comes also from the fact that the word for God in Genesis 1 is different than the word used for God in Genesis 2. Genesis 1, we've got the word Elohim, and in Genesis 2, you've got Yahweh Elohim, which we translate in most English versions, “the Lord God.” And so some German theologian said, well there must be two different authors, and we've got two different accounts here, and they contradict one another. Well, not at all. How many of you have atlases in your car or road maps like Rand McNally or something like that, that you drive with when you're driving around? Most of you do. Now, if you were to look at the map of a state, let's say of North Carolina, you would see the whole state, on maybe left and right page. But then you'd see these little rectangles inside perhaps of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary and they're blown up, aren't they? Because it's an urban area with lots of streets, and they want to give you more information about how to get in and out of the Triangle. Or the same is true of New York City. You'll have a map of the state of New York and then a blow-up of New York City. Maybe many blow-ups because the city is so large. I think that's what's going on here in Genesis 1 and 2. In Genesis 1, we get the big picture of all creation. The six days of creation, the seventh day, God resting, we get the description of man created in the seventh day, male and female, both in the image of God,. But then we get more detail in Genesis 2, more information, not contradictory at all. There's not a single statement you could find in Genesis 1 that contradicts Genesis 2. The point is, we're getting more detail now, we're understanding a little bit more carefully how it occurred. Now let's look at these verses a little more carefully and try to find out what God says to us. In verse 4, Genesis 2:4, it says, “This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, when the Lord God made the Earth and the heavens, and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plan of the field had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not yet sent rain on the earth, and there was no man to work the ground, but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground.” Let's stop there, even though we're right in the middle of a sentence, let's just stop there. This is a little bit of a prologue, setting the scene to the special creation of man. Now, the very first statement here in verse 4, it says, this is the account of the heavens, or these are the generations of the heavens, etcetera. We get that phrase repeated again and again in the Book of Genesis. Scholars have noted that this is a way of organizing the entire book of Genesis, you get it. The word generations mean these are the things that issued forth from usually related to a man and his lineage. In this case, it's this is what issued forth from or, this is what came from the earth. So we get heaven and earth's generations in chapter 2:4. In chapter 5:1, you get Adam's generations, of how everything that came from Adam, that's a genealogy. And then in chapter 6, we get Noah's generations. Chapter 10, Shem, Ham and Japheth who were Noah's sons. And then 11 it focuses in a little more carefully on Shem, and then chapter 11 also we look at Terah. Chapter 25, we get the generations of Ishmael and also of Isaac, and then chapter 36 of Isa and 37 of Jacob. So we get this repeated phrase, “these are the generations of.” And I think what happens is we have various accounts and they're all put together completely by Moses, one after the other. Now it says at that point that the earth was not yet fully developed. Now, this shouldn't surprise us, there's no contradiction. We know on the third day, there were these shrubs... I mean, these plants and vegetation were created, but I think that the words used here are different, these are a special kind of vegetation that takes cultivation, it takes agriculture, and it says specifically that there was no man at that point to work the earth. God had left a lot of work for us to do, a lot of development had yet to be found, and he was going to be guiding us through that, but at that point, everything's just waiting for man. Now, if you had been able to go back in time and see the world at that point, I think it would look familiar, but different to you in some ways. There has since that time been a cataclysmic worldwide flood. There's a lot of changes, I don't think you could find, for example, the four rivers that are mentioned here in their same location, now things have moved around, but it's obviously very similar to what we expected. But the point is that the earth is waiting and it's ready for the special creation of man, and that comes in verse 7. In Verse 7, it says that “The Lord God formed the man from the dust of the earth and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.” So here we have the combination of an earthly being with a spiritual being. We are both earthly or earth-like, and we are also spiritual, and in this way, we are unique. Now, in what way are we earthly or earth-like? It says that God took the dust... I think a better translation would be clay. There was a sense of moisture, and he worked with the clay and made it into Adam's body. How strange does that sound? Sounds like a mythological account, but actually, when I was a student in the Boston area, I worked as a volunteer one summer at the Boston Museum of Science. And there they had an exhibit, or a display in a glass case, and it had the outline of a man, just the outline and trace of a man, and inside there were a bunch of bottles, and the bottles held chemicals, and basically what it was is what we would be if we had no water in us. If you took the 60 percent of water out of us, you'd have a bunch of stuff left and what would it be? And it's fascinating, as you look at it, it's all a bunch of minerals and a bunch of things you'd find in mines on the earth. For example, there's trace elements and other minerals: Zinc, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur and iron. There's lipids and nucleic acids, and other things that are found and very much tied to the earth from which we were derived. So there's nothing strange or bizarre about this idea of God forming us from the dirt or from the dust of the earth. But that's not all. See, beasts also were formed from the ground, but God took and breathed into our nostrils the breath of life, God alone can make inanimate things living. Life comes from God. Anyone who studies microbiology or any of this a little more carefully sees there's just no way that life could have evolved without the hand of God. Life comes from God and he breathes into Adam the breath of life, but that's not all. We've already learned from Genesis 1 that man is created in the image of God, and this way we're distinct from all creation. Now remember when Jesus entered into Jerusalem, he said, If the children, if they would all remain silent, the rocks and the stones would praise God, and they do praise God, but they're inanimate, they do not praise God intelligently. They praise God just by their mere existence. Water praises God, the air praises God. The sun and moon and the stars, they praise God as well, just by their existence. Beasts praise God and vegetation as well, but not intelligently. But we were created in the image of God so that we might worship our Creator intelligently. So that we might render to him a sacrifice of praise, and that makes us distinct from the earthy creations around us. We're also distinct from the angels. Now the angels, they worship God, they worship God intelligently, do they not? They offer to God a sacrifice of praise. But what do they lack? They lack an earthy body, and so we are a combination creation, both earthy and spiritual. Now, the fact that Adam was made earthy shows, and we'll get to it in a minute, that he was somewhat on probation. Probation. He could not eternally be earthy for it says in 1 Corinthians 15:50, "I declare to you, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable." And so Adam was formed perishable, he was formed fleshy, and he was put on probation as we will talk about in a moment. The second Adam, Jesus Christ, he gives us eternal life, transforms our mortal body so that they will be like his glorious body, eternal and ready for the kingdom of heaven. But Adam was both earthy and he was spiritual. The Earth: Adam’s Workshop and Throne Room Now we come to the earth itself, the earth was Adam's workshop, and it was his throne room. And it's described here in verse 8 and following, it says, "Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east in Eden, and there he put the man he had formed, and the Lord God made all kinds of trees grow up out of the ground, trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. A river, watering the garden flowed from Eden, and from there it was separated into four head waters. The name of the first is the Pishon, it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. The gold of that land is good, aromatic resin and onyx are also there. The name of the second river is the Gihon, it winds through the entire land of Cush. The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates." So here we get a description of some of the geology in the lay of the land where Adam was placed. We talk about Eden, there's a garden called Eden, and in that garden, he placed these special trees. He's providing... He's providing for Adam. Now, Adam was to work together with God. There was to be work for Adam to do, as we mentioned last week. Adam was created in the image of God and he was given labor to do. He and his wife together were to fill the earth, to subdue it, they were to rule over it, they were to work it. There was work for him to do. And so this is so beautiful, as we mentioned last week in John 5:17, Jesus, when he came to earth, he said, "My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I too am working." The labor between the Father and the Son, and I get that same picture with Adam in this beautiful perfect world that he was living in, he was to have labored with his Heavenly Father. Now in what sense is Adam the son of God? Well, it says openly so in Luke 4 in Jesus' genealogy. It says that Adam was the son of God. He is not God the Son, that's Jesus Christ, but he was a created being in the image of God, and he was to work together with his Heavenly Father doing work. It's so beautiful. In John 5:19, Jesus said, "I tell you the truth, the Son can do nothing by himself, but he can only do what he sees his Father doing, because whatever the Father does, the Son also does." So Adam was to set out with the Father and do this work on the earth. Now, in my research I came across a marvelous verse which I think beautifully marries together a relationship with God and the scientific investigation we were supposed to have done on the earth. Look, if you would, over in Isaiah 28:23 and following. In Isaiah 28, Isaiah here is talking about various things, and I'm not going to talk about the context, but I want to focus in on the agricultural language used here and God's relationship with it. In Isaiah 28:23, Isaiah says, "Listen and hear my voice. Pay attention and hear what I say. When a farmer plows for planting, does he plow continually? Does he keep on breaking up and harrowing the soil?" Verse 25, "When he has leveled the surface, does he not sow caraway and scatter cumin? Does he not plant wheat in its place, barley in its plot, and spelt in its field?" Now, this electrifying verse, verse 26, "His God instructs him and teaches him the right way." In other words, Adam wasn't born knowing a thing. He didn't know how to do agriculture, he didn't know how to plant a certain type of plant, or what this seed would produce or that seed. God would instruct him and teach him how to do it. And not just with agriculture, but with all things; how to get iron out of iron, ore out of rocks perhaps, and make metal. Anything. And I believe that anyone who studied science has seen how God has, throughout history, given us little nudges, helped us along the way. A lot of medications came that way, where somebody didn't have any idea and insight would come to them and they would try something. And I believe that God has nourished them and nurtured science all along the way, and yet it's turned its back on God, and sought to destroy the knowledge of God. And yet here is God instructing us and teaching us the right way. It describes some more detail, it says, "Caraway is not threshed with a sledge, cart wheel rolled over cumin. Caraway is beaten out with a rod, cumin with a stick, grain must be ground to make bread, so one does not go on threshing it forever, though he drives the wheels of his threshing cart over it, his horses do not grind it." Verse 29, "All this also comes from the Lord Almighty, wonderful in counsel, magnificent in wisdom." Isn't that great? God instructs us in technology. Turn back to Genesis 2. As Adam was going to move through this world, he was going to be side-by-side with his Heavenly Father, and his Father is going to instruct him and teach him what to do with vegetation, with all aspects of this world that he had made, all the minerals and the spices and the rich soil. In verse 15, it says that the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden, and it says that he was put there to work it and to take care of it. Now, how many of you believe that work came after the fall? I used to think that. I used to think that work came as a result of sin. Sin enters the world and death, and right after death came work. That's why when I was a child, I used to think that way. Sometimes I think that I still have had the same opinion that work is something from the curse, but actually work is a gift from God. It's a gift from God. And there it was in Genesis 2 that Adam had a creative work to do, the world was his workshop and he was to work at it. And he was to discover and marvel at what God had placed in this world. And then back at 2:14, as we mentioned last week, it says, "The earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea." And so Adam was to fill the world with a knowledge of God's glory, but the earth was also gonna be Adam's throne room. Realize that Adam, and male and female both, when she was created, she would be his helper suitable for him. Together they would rule over the physical world. So it was a throne room for Adam. He was to fill the earth and subdue it. But what's so beautiful here is the picture of servant leadership we get. In verse 15, it says that Adam was to work the earth and take care of it. There was a sense of nurturing of the soil of the earth and also of the animals. Later in this chapter, in verse 19, it says, "The Lord God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and the birds of the air. And he brought them to the man to see whatever he would name them, and whatever the man called each living creature that was its name, so the man gave names to all the livestock, the birds of the air, and all the beasts of the field." That's a creative labor. Really kind of an interpretive labor. He's looking at each of these creations, elephant or zebra, or lion or iguana, or whatever, and he's seen what they are, and he's interpreting and giving a name. And also there's a sense that he is in authority over these animals by giving names to them and so, he is a king. But yet his rule over the earth is not absolute, is it? For there in verse 16 and 17, it says, "The Lord God commanded the man, You are free to eat from any tree in the garden," Verse 17, "but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it, you will surely die." So here we come to the limitations of Adam's sovereign rule, so to speak, over the earth. Adam must bow the knee to a sovereign God who created him. Adam must acknowledge that God has authority over him and that he's not free to do just anything he wants in this earth. And in this way, Adam was put on probation, he was being tested. Now, God knew that this probation would not last forever, he would actually bring it to a crisis, to a point, a point of judgment in Genesis 3, when the serpent came to test him, and with this tree, this tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and also with the tree of life came covenant curses and covenant blessings. Adam’s probation: The Sacred Trees Now, a covenant is an agreement between two or more persons, and there was an agreement between Adam that he would fill the earth and subdue it, but that he would not disobey his Lord. And so there was this tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and we'll talk about that a little bit more next week. But then there's also this tree of life. Now, tree of life was the covenant blessing. The covenant curse was the threat of death, but the covenant blessing was that of eternal life. In Genesis 3:22 of that tree, God says he must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat and live forever. Now, what of these trees? We don't believe in magic. We don't believe that there was anything within the leaves or the fruit of that tree that transformed anything. It was just under the providence of God, he focalized the test on these trees. He said, "You can do this, but you may not do that." And so it wasn't so much that there was something within the fruit that transformed anything, it was just that when they ate of that fruit, there was a judgment that came from God. And so he had ordained it, so we don't believe that these are in any way, magic trees. But yet, this tree of life shows up again in Revelation chapter 22, it says, "The angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal flowing down from the throne of God and of the Lamb, down the middle of the great street of the city. And on each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing 12 crops of fruit yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations." Anyone who has believed in Jesus Christ will partake of the tree of life, eternal life, given only through the blood of Jesus Christ. Woman: Man’s Indispensable Co-Worker Now, in the rest of the chapter, we are dedicated to the creation of woman. In verses 18 through 25, we get the final gift that God gives to man, the indispensable co-laborer, a woman. In verse 18, it says, "The Lord God said, It is not good for man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him." So here's Adam and he's alone. And this is the first thing that God has declared in his universe to be not good. There's something in it that's not good, and so he wants to create a helper suitable for him. The original Hebrew is richness, there's a sense in which she is appropriate to him, she is matched to him well, and she used to be a helper in order to accomplish his goals and his ends. Now in the Trinity — Father, Son and Spirit — there have been an eternity of rich fellowship. Father and Son, Son and Spirit, Spirit and Father, rich fellowship. But for Adam, there's no fellowship of a like kind, there's no fellowship with another being similar to him, and we've already been through the naming of the beasts. I think God brings in the naming at this point to underscore that fact that there is no help suitable for him. God's deepest desire was to fill the earth with his image, that the earth should be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord by image bearers who come biologically by the marriage union. That was his plan. And so the woman was indispensable to this plan, indispensable biologically, and that it was impossible for Adam to reproduce apart from the woman, she's indispensable. And she's indispensable relationally in that God said, "It's not good for man to be alone," and he wants his creation to be good. Adam's task was to cover the whole earth with work and with worship. It was going to be tiring and exhausting, and he needed what a woman could give in order to accomplish that. So not just biologically but also relationally. She was to be his creative counterpart as one book calls her, a woman with a special unique ability to minister to him and to bless him. And what's so beautiful about this is the mutuality, and that God's plan cannot be achieved either by man alone or by a woman alone, but they must work together. In 1 Corinthians 11:11, it says, "In the Lord, however, woman is not independent from man, nor is man independent from woman." We are dependent on one another. So we have to ask the question: Why was Adam ever alone? Was God capable of creating Adam and Eve simultaneously at the same time? Of course, he was. But he chose not to. And the thing we have to understand is, why? I think the first and most important reason is that he wanted to establish Adam as federal head of the whole human race. Adam would be tested at the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and all of us would be tested through that one man, Adam. We'll discuss this more later, but in Romans chapter 5, that is the clear indication. Adam represented you and me at the tree. Now, you may say that's not fair. We'll talk about how it is fair because any of you who has hope and salvation in Jesus Christ, you're saved the same way through one man, Jesus Christ, who died on your behalf. But that's what God chose. He wanted one man, Adam, to be the federal head or the representative of the whole human race. And also within marriage, as we get in Ephesians 5, that Adam as the first husband would be the head of the wife, and that this position is established by his prior creation. As Paul says in 1 Timothy, “Adam was formed first and then Eve.” Now, it matters to Paul and it matters to God the order. It should also matter to us as well. But ultimately, I think that Adam was created alone to create a desire in him for her. He wanted her by the time she was created. That naming of the animals thing? He's ready for her. And when God causes that deep sleep to fall on him and she is brought to him, he is absolutely thrilled with her. And so God doing that beautiful work of preparation and getting him ready. So that's why Adam was alone. Eve’s creation Now, in the account of Eve's creation in verse 21, it says, "The Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep, and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh, and then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man and He brought her to the man." Now, this story has been ridiculed, it really has. Early on, I know that Clarence Darrow made fun of this. He's the lawyer that defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey trial, making a whole woman from a rib. Well, first of all, the Hebrew may not say rib, it may just say part or portion, or it may say rib either way. But the point is, can you make an entire human body from just one portion of another human body? Well, maybe 50 years ago, you think this was ridiculous. How many of you saw the movie Jurassic Park? Did you see that movie? Remember that movie, you remember the scientific foundation of that movie was the idea that you could make an entire dinosaur from what? From the blood that was in the mosquitoes that were locked up in the amber. Do you remember that whole thing? How can you create a whole body from just one part of a body? Well, because the genetic code for the whole body is in every cell. Now, I talked to a friend of mine who's an expert in this, he said, "It just so happens that red blood cells don't have DNA in them, so I hope there are some white blood cells in there with the mosquitoes." But at any rate, the point is that you can create. And this is the whole basis of cloning, the idea of getting a whole human body from just one portion. Now, let me ask you a question, why did God take part of Adam's body? Why didn't he just create Eve from the dust of the ground? He could well have done that, but he wanted to create that marvelous interdependence, male and female, female and male, husband and wife united together. And so he chose to do it that way. The beauty and the perfection of the plan of God. And then God brings them together. God is, in this case, the divine matchmaker. Remember Fiddler on the Roof? “Matchmaker, Matchmaker, make me a match.” Remember? Do you remember what that Jewish guy said? He's constantly praying and talking to God, and as his oldest daughter and her fiance make their own wedding plans without the matchmaker, he says, "You know, I guess there really wasn't a matchmaker in the garden of Eden.” And then he stops himself and he says, "Yeah, yes, there was. And I think they have the same matchmaker, namely you, that God brought Adam and Eve together and he was the first matchmaker." But Jesus says in Matthew 19, he actually is the matchmaker for every marriage. For what God has joined together, let man not separate. Look at your spouse, think about him or her and realize that God brought you together. It's not an accident. He specially created him or her for you, and he brought you together and he created that marriage union. And Adam was so joyful at that moment. You husbands ought to go back to that moment of joy when you first met your wife and realize she might very well be the one for you and all the joy you experienced at that point. And Adam writes a little... Or it has a little poem here, it doesn't come out as well in the English, but he just... He's so elated, he says in effect, "This at last, is bone of my bones? Flesh of my flesh. She shall be called woman for she was taken from man." Now, how did Adam know that? How did Adam know that she was taken from man? I think God told him, he said, "By the way, Adam, this is what I did. I caused a deep sleep to fall on you and she has been made out of a portion of your body." And so he's able to say bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. And Adam's naming is an act of husband headship, just like naming the animals with a sense of authority. But it's a whole different relationship because we have already been through the animals and there's no helper suitable. This is a whole different thing. But yet there is that headship relationship, and so he gives her the name woman. And God's intention is that they would be co-laborers together for the glory of God, and so they were. And it's so beautiful. And then the statement here comes, "For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife and they will become one flesh." Now, you ought to read Matthew 19 very carefully, Jesus said that God said this. Even though Genesis 2 doesn't say it, Jesus said the Creator made them male and female, and the Creator said this statement, verse 24, "The word of God, every word spoken by God." And so he says that marriage is to be established for all time a lasting ordinance, and so the husband and wife are naked and they feel no shame. No sin has entered to pervert their relationship. There's no power struggle. There are no arguments or conflicts. There's no division. There's just unity, there's harmony, there's perfection in their marriage. Isn't that a beautiful thing? And how much we could wish that our marriages would be as beautiful and as pure as this marriage was in Genesis 2:25. Applications Now, as we've looked at these verses, we have three applications, very quickly, three gifts that God gave us. The gift of life. Realize that your very life, the fact that you just draw a breath is given to you from God. Your life is a fragile thing, but it's been given to you as a gift from God, and you should cherish it, and you should make the most of it. You should take every single moment and use it for the glory of God. You should do work for his glory and for his honor. The gift of work. It’s not a curse. It's not a curse, it's a gift. And God has given us lasting labor to do, to build his kingdom by the preaching of the Gospel To encourage one another. And then to do manual labor as well to be creative as God was. Gift from God. Jesus said, "My food is to do the will of him who sent me and finish his work." That should be our attitude as well. In Colossians 3:23, "Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart as working for the Lord, not for men.” The gift of marriage. The gift of marriage. Now, there may be times that you would not put the word gift and the word marriage together. You might talk about a wedding gift, but you might not talk about the gift of marriage. B ut marriage is a gift. It was the foundation to human society, the first institution set up. The church, government, everything else had to wait for marriage, marriage comes first. And where in a society the marriages are healthy, then the society is healthy. And when their marriages, there's division and dissension and trouble and difficulty, society becomes sick. And why? Because the health and the future of the country, the future of the society, depends on that marriage union and the godly children that are raised up in it. Marriage is a gift. And what we need to do is get back to this, we have been brought back to even to some degree, through the blood of Jesus Christ. We can have this kind of marriage as we counteract our own sin nature, as we realize that through the death of Jesus Christ and through his resurrection, these gifts: The gift of life, the gift of work and the gift of marriage, have all been sanctified for his glory.