Podcasts about zhuge liang

I forgot to upload this one to the CHP feed last week. 不好意思. Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy in the Kingdom of Han. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang sure seemed to enjoy it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I forgot to upload this one to the CHP feed last week. 不好意思. Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy in the Kingdom of Han. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang sure seemed to enjoy it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I forgot to upload this one to the CHP feed last week. 不好意思. Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy in the Kingdom of Han. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang sure seemed to enjoy it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I forgot to upload this one to the CHP feed last week. 不好意思. Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy in the Kingdom of Han. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang sure seemed to enjoy it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang enjoyed a little fun in the process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang enjoyed a little fun in the process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang enjoyed a little fun in the process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here's a good one from the Three Kingdoms Era in which we feature the famous story of Meng Huo, Zhuge Liang, and Qī Qín Mèng Huò 七擒孟获. Some people just can't accept defeat but in the end, they bow to the inevitable. Cao Pi of Wei thought he'd have some fun and employed Meng Huo to harass his enemy. That didn't go as planned. But Zhuge Liang enjoyed a little fun in the process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us a Text Message.If there is one name every single Chinese person knows, it is Zhuge Liang. Famous for his military strategies employed during the Warring States period, his exploits were immortalised in the Ming dynasty novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義 Sān Guó Yǎn Yì), describing his almost prescient ability to anticipate the enemy's moves and plan in advance. But there are very few remaining records of his actual writing. One is “Letter to My Son,” which Master Nan Huaijin describes here, emphasizing its importance to his students (who, with typical Nan Huaijin wit, he is not shy of reproaching). Like most profound documents, “Letter” appears bland on the surface; the real savour derives from its slow absorption and contemplation, one of the virtues of memorization. As one of my Chinese relatives, when asked why memorization is important, said “Why, because when you memorise, it goes down into your gut and then galou galou, you finally understand!”(“galou galou” was his way of describing digestive noises).SHOW NOTES:Xiaoyao Xingzhe, the self-styled carefree pilgrim, has lived and worked all over the world, having crossed the Gobi in a decrepit jeep, lived with a solitary monk in the mountains of Korea, dined with the family of the last emperor of China, and helped police with their enquiries in Amarillo, Texas.FAN MAIL is. a new feature now available to leave feedback on episodes, love or hate them. Look for the button in the top ribbon when you click on “Episodes.”Visit the Fat Monk Website: https://thefatmonk.net/for pdfs of all recorded chapters and a few more, as well as other bits of interest on Daoism, Buddhism and Neidan, with an emphasis (but not a limitation) on pre-twentieth century authors such as Huang Yuanji and Li Daochun.If you would like to support the production costs of this podcast, you may do so at Ko-fi. Check out the wonderful Flora Carbo and her music:https://floracarbo.com/

In China ist vermutliche keine Epoche so beliebt, wie die Zeit der drei Reiche. Namen wie Cao Cao und Zhuge Liang sowie ihre Geschichten sind sogar in ganz Ost Asien legendär geworden. Medienliste Der Podcast auf Twitter Email Adresse Musik: Shenyang Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Music promoted by https://www.chosic.com/

Show Notes 0:00: Justin and Helen discuss what they've been up to over the past few weeks, which includes some Cyberpunk anime on Netflix and a reverse isekai anime involving Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming. Pandemic News 8:30: Japan's biggest cosplay event in Osaka has now been delayed in 2023, as the organizers couldn't ensure […] The post TheOASG Podcast Episode 162: Catching Up to Anime Due to Special Programming appeared first on TheOASG.

commander in charge of Huguang province, Prince Nikan. Meanwhile Qing princes Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao were dispatched to pacify Guangdong and Guangxi. Wu Sangui was ordered to pacify Sichuan, but was being tied down heavily in its northern sector, maybe he was fighting all the tigers.    Wu had discovered that Sichuan was so devastated it made things ruinous for military campaigns. He lacked the resources to do much against the countless bandits armies and the newly emerged forces of Sun Kewangs which he referred to as a “poison overrunning the province”.  The entire situation as Wu put it “Chengdu was a devastated ruin and all was empty around it. The dead and starving were everywhere and for hundreds of li there were no cooking fires but bandit gangs roamed allying with the ming freely. All of Sichuan is in the hands of bandits and their strategic situation has already improved greatly since their emergence. Without men or materiel where will I get the resources to recover land and extirpate [the bandits]?”   Nonetheless in february of 1652, Wu and his subordinate Li Guohan made an offensive through the Jianmen “sword pass” all the way to Jiading. By april they captured Chongqing and by may northern Sichuan was considered fully pacified. Still Wu and Guohan had no illusions, the bandits and Ming defenses in the south remained dangerous, but the giddy young Qing Emperor assumed Sichuan as a whole was weakened and thought Wu would be able to assist Nikan in his mission. The young Qing emperor also sought to mass large armies to retake Yunnan and Guizhou after Sichuan was taken, quite a large order.    A grandson of Nurhaci, Prince Nikan served with Prince Haoge in western China and held an assortment of administrative posts in the capital before he was appointed “Ding yuan da Jiangjun”, generalissimo in charge of pacifying the distant regions, following Kong Youdes death. Nikan proceeded into Huguang at the head of his army of 100,000. Like most Qing commanders, Prince Nikan was given orders to accept the surrender of anyone who submitted without a fight and that it was paramount to protect the people. Strict military regulations were to be enforced, forbidding the rape and pillaging of whom were supposed to be their subjects. Understandable, you can't go around abusing the people you want to govern after all. Nikan's army marched to Guangxi to do battle with Li Dingguo and he was promised aid from Xi'an. The Qing military operations were consuming more than half the Qing governments revenue and they knew they should be cautious and secure taxable lands before venturing deep into the southwest again. Nikans forces successfully defeated Li Dingguo's subordinates Ma Jinzhong at Yuezhou and Zhang Honggong at Changsha. Nikan pursued them west and encountered Li Dingguo's scouts near Hengzhou. Nikan defeated some of Li's forces at Hengzhou sending him on the run, but then Li set up an ambush near Qiyang where Nikan's army sustained heavy casualties. Nikan pushed forward, with his vanguard running into another ambush near Yongzhou. Li feigned a retreat and soon Nikans army was stretched out widely into 3 groupings. Li then personally led his forces brandishing a great sword on horseback into battle. Nikan fought bravely but was overwhelmed and speared off his mount. Li severed Nikans head from its corpse and paraded it around before falling back to Wugang.   The Qing were absolutely shocked,  Emperor Shunzhi screamed “ “In our dynasty's military history we've never suffered a loss like this!”. The Ming scholar and philosopher Huang Zongxi said of Li Dingguo's victory  “it was the most complete Ming victory since the Wanli reign.”. The prefect of Guilin said of Li's victory ““The duke (Li) uses troops like a god. He's a little Zhuge [Liang]. His laws and regulations are clear and strict without committing the slightest mistake, and he combines the strong and weak in his brigades with all knowing their roles. Thus the people practically fight to join him.” The Qing licked their wounds and now put the veteran collaborator Hong Chengchou in charge of all operations in the far south.    Even though Li had managed to kill Prince Nikan, he was unable to take advantage of the great victory because his subordinates Feng Shuangli and Ma Jinzhong were still working for Sun Kewang in secrecy, undermining him. Soon much of Huguang fell right back into the hands of the Qing and Feng sent word to Sun to stoke his jealousy “I fear that from now on, Dingguo will be hard to control”. Sun tried to remedy his relationship with Li by offering him  the title of Prince of Xining, but Li refused stating “Investitures come from the Son of Heaven. How can one prince enfoeff another?” thus Li was making the argument that only Emperor Yongli could bestow someone as prince outraging Sun, kind of ironic also given the fact it was an argument Sun had made himself, haha. Sun was publicly praising Li's victories, while privately trying to destroy him. Sun sent countless letters summoning Li to “discuss strategy” but instead Li camped in Baoqing and ignored them. It turns out Li was being tipped off by Liu Wenxiu's son that Sun was probably trying to assassinate him. Li worried not just for his life, but for his family who were all in Yunnan.    Now it should be noted Li Dingguo's armies success was primarily a result of his training programs and leadership. Li was an extremely capable military leader, he understood the limitations and strengths of his forces. For one thing he did not believe in sticking around in one place for too long, he knew the limitations of his logistics, such as a need for food. His experience as a bandit leader was of grave importance for the survival of his forces as most of their campaigns relied on moving into territories, securing resources and moving on. He also had a tendency to strike out fast without warning and leav before the Qing could consolidate on that position. Li made sure to build close ties with areas he led his forces into, trying to win over many, and this proved highly successful as unlike his former adoptive father, Li had always tried to limit atrocities. Li also heavily benefited from Yunnan specifically, he was running around with war elephants afterall, fearsome shock units, though very expensive to feed and maintain. It was said that the Qing feared Li and his “southern barbarian forces” as they were known.    Estimates for the total troops available for the South Ming regime are most likely inflated but some sources claim Sun Kewang to have 800,000 men, Li Dingguo 400,000 and Liu Wenxiu 140,000. There is a breakdown of organizational structure as well when it comes to the South Ming armies. For mobile brigades (youji), each with a commander, consisting of 2 brigades (ying), which held around 1750 troops. Then there are 5 vice commanders (dusi) each with 350 troops, divided into 5 separate units of 70, further divided into 5 squads of 13. Now for a regular brigade each held 3000 troops with 10 battalions of 300, subdivided into 2 companies of 150 each. Lt's led platoons of 30 men, sergeants squads of 10.   The South Ming regime were bolstered heavily by minority troops which themselves brought a variety of differing weaponry and military tactics. Its hard to gauge, but some modern scholars estimate there was a ratio of 1 gun per 15 soldiers overall, but other scholars argue they had even more. As already mentioned we see a heavy use of Elephant cavalry amongst Li Dingguo's forces, he also had unique firearms, repeating crossbows and specialized polearms. By the way if you ever have a chance to check out repeating crossbows going back to the ancient times of China, its worthwhile, they are awesome. There were the famous 3 eyed bird guns, western made cannons and much more. Li's force particularly liked using cavalry, favoring the mobility, but horses were in short supply for Yunnan and Sichuan. The war elephants were typically in the frontlines with men firing guns atop their backs, which sounds absolutely awesome.  Li Dingguo's campaigns also came with horrifying consequences for the common folk, it is estimated up to a possibly million commoners were killed during the offensive in 1652 from war conditions and famine. Basically anywhere the Qing and Ming decided to do battle ruined the area, people were pressed into service, killed, pillaged, lost homes and farms and such leading to starvation, many refugees spread into other areas causing more and more problems.     While northern Sichuan was being secured by the forces of Li Guoying and Wu Sangui, Sun Kewang decided to expand into northern Sichuan and sent Liu Wenxiu. The Qing attempted to hold Liu's forces back, but the elephant cavalry proved extremely effective and soon they were pushed back towards Baoning. A large reason the Elephant cavalry was so successful was because they simply spooked the Qing horses, though for anyone who knows their Mongol war history, you can already see how using war elephants might prove disastrous. While horses are indeed spooked by elephants, horses mounted archers can quite easily spook elephants back by pelting them with arrows and flanking them. Regardless from many of the sources I am reading, this seems to not become the case until later on. Liu Wenxiu soon took Chongqing, Chengdu with the aid of his elephants and heavy cannons, he now felt the time was right to march on the Qing stronghold of Baoning. Liu besieged Baoning with 50,000 troops while another Ming commander, Wang Fuchen built floating bridges to cross the Ling River to cut off the escape from Baoning. Wu Sangui argued with Li Guoying that they should retreat to Hanzhong, but Li felt abandoning Baoning would mean the loss of Sichuan completely and that was unacceptable. Li then instructed Wu to place his troops in a position from which they could not escape. This tactic is known as “deadly ground”, the idea was by putting the forces in a life or death situation they would perform at their best. Sure hate to be those forces. Wu Sangui was still looking to retreat, but his colleagues basically told him he would get executed for doing so in Beijing. Abandoning Baoning would set the Qing pacification back for years and thus it was imperative to make this stand.    Baoning was quite a defendable city, it held rivers on 3 sides and a mountain on its 4th. The Ming tried to use that mountain to fire muskets into the city but the range was too far. Liu kept up the pressure on 3 sides of the city while guarding against any relief forces incoming from the north. It was an overly aggressive stance leaving Liu's forces thinly places about, but he had no choice but to take up an aggressive stance in the hopes of breaking the city faster since Liu did not have enough supplies for a long siege, neither did the Qing for that matter. It also seems Liu had his eyes fixated on the prize and may have been too eager. Afterall if he took Baoning it would mean he was the man who took all of Sichuan.   It seems in his efforts to envelope Baoning Liu had left some gaps in his formations and Wu saw this. Liu had arrayed his 13 war elephant cavalry units in the front of the formation intending to use them as shock troops and to protect his more unarmored troops in the formations center. The problem was because the war elephants were in the front like this, the troops behind them could not see what was past the elephants, and elephants unlike horses dont move fast, thus the enemy would be able to maneuver quickly and the troops would not know where they would be hit in time. What made maters even worse was the fact these unarmored troops in the middle had their backs to the Ling River. Lius army consisted mostly of pikemen with rattan shields and some harquebusiers. They were arrayed on the 3 sides of the city, 4 ranks deep with elephants in front followed by pikemen and harquebusiers in the rear. The formation reassembled a crescent moon, stretching some 5 miles around the city. For those of you war gamers you can probably visualize the setup and see some of the issues. For example Liu would employ his elephants into a charge to smash the enemy's cavalry, then open the lines for pikemen to finish them off followed by harquebusiers to shoot straddlers, a good plan? Problem, elephants are quite slow, what if the cavalry simply run around them?  Wu told Zhang that if they could open a gap in the enemy's lines they might be able to win. Liu commanded an attack and Wu feigned a retreat  near the Guanyin Temple which drew the Ming in pursuit. The pursuit separated some of the formation exposing the unarmored troops in the middle of Liu's formation and Wu circled around the flanks concentrating fire up the weak middle. Next Wu's cavalry smashed into some Pikemen formations pushing the enemy closer to the Ling River. Then Wu led his force against Liu Wenxiu, charging at the elephants, but they did not break. So Wu feigned another retreat, goading Liu into a chaotic pursuit. As Liu charged, Wu's forces wheeled back around and hit them with a crossfire of arrows, remember what I said about Mongolian tactics. To make matters worse, Liu's hasty pursuit saw him leaving behind many of the shield bearers, and thus they had no counter to the arrow fire. Liu's forces began to rout and Liu himself was forced to escape by cutting a floating bridge at the head of nearly half his original force of 50,000. Now 10,000 of his men were on the other side of the Ling river, scrambling to get across and they were quickly slaughtered. The Elephants eventually panicked and scattered in their own right. Wu Sangui went on to claim his forces killed and captured more than 40,000 troops during the battle. Li Guoying claimed that no more than 1000 men managed to escape and that they had captured seals of authority, 3 elephants, over 2000 horses and a mountain of firearms. Liu would retreat all the way to Yunnan and be lambasted by Sun and demoted. Liu from then on would resent Sun and fell more into the fold of Li Dingguo. After the battle both Li Guoying and Wu Sangui sent forces wheeling around to pursue the Ming as they withdrew. Wu Sangui's forces eventually stopped at Chengdu wrecking multiple Ming armies. Li Guoying began to consolidate his power in Sichuan, defeating and cornering Ming loyalist forces across the north and west of Sichuan. Li would go as far as to claim north and western Sichuan were fully pacified to Beijing.    Meanwhile the Ming court was still fawning over Li Dingguo like fangirls of a Kpop band and gave him the title of Prince of Xining, really pissing off Sun Kewang. This pushed Sun Kewang to begin a military campaign going east in autumn of 1652 seeking to raise his military profile, but at the same time Hong Chengchou was sent to Hunan to pacify it. Hong did not take an aggressive stance and opted instead to restore the prosperity of the region. Sun's campaign began with the capture of Chenzhou, where he smashed its east gate with his war elephants allowing his infantry to swarm into the city fighting bloody street to street warfare. Sun followed up the massacre, by executing tons of Qing officials and erecting piles of severed limbs to showcase it, so some old fashion Zhang Xianzhong stuff. Sun Kewang afterwards personally commanded his army to attack Baoqing alongside Feng Shuangli and Bai Wenxuan to his left and right. A veteran Qing commander named Tong Tulai held the city and upon seeing the banners of Sun Kewang in the middle formation order the concentration of his forces fire upon the center units. Both sides took equal and heavy casualties, but soon Sun Kewangs army broke and fled with Tong Tulai choosing not to pursue, probably learning a lesson from Prince Nikan's demise.    Sun's defeat at Baoqing and Liu Wenxiu's defeat at Baoning convinced many that Sun Kewang was an incompetant military leader and that he had wasted over 3 years training his forces for nothing. Thus ironically Sun Kewangs efforts to eclipse his rival, Li Dingguo had resulted in the exact opposite, making Li look even better. Sun then began to see the Ming royal family and its ties to Li Dingguo as a threat and he would take a course of action that would effectively doom the South Ming regime.   Despite the setbacks to the strategic position of the South Ming regime in 1653 not all was entirely lost. Emperor Yongli was in a secure and stable position for once and the regime held Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Sichuan firmly. Sun Kewang had brought many Dashun,Da Xi and other bandit groups under their sphere of influence and more importantly under the control of one leader. There was even the possibility that the South Ming regime could eventually link up with the naval resistance led by Koxinga in the southeast coast, someone we will talk about later. The military successes of Li Dingguo gave the South Ming regime a huge morale boost and shocked the hell out of the Qing. But beneath the surface of all of this, things were not well internally for the Ming loyalists. As we saw countless times with the bickering amongst different factions in the South Ming regime, here again it will occur.   Sun was ambitious and jealous of his colleagues, he also shared grotesque traits of his former master Zhang Xianzhong. Emperor Yongli on the other hand was weak willed and a coward who consistently sought his personal safety over all other concerns. He was a mere puppet, content with just being a symbol. Li Dingguo had risen from a peasant leader to become a genuine Ming loyalist who was both brave and charismatic, earning the hearts of many. He did not have the administrative skill like Sun Kewang, but he was a capable military leader who could take territory. In essence the 3 men together made a formidable team, each having something of use, administrative skill for Sun, military capability for Li and a symbol of authenticity in Yongli. But this would never come into reality and the real losers of this game of thrones, would as always be the common people.    Sun Kewang from the early days of just being a bandit leader showed a very notable tendency to be sensitive to any criticism and would attack anyone who he thought slighted him. Li Dingguo was well aware that Sun planned to kill him as early as 1652, yet despite this Li tried to get Sun to work together but it only made Sun more angry and dangerous. Thus by 1653 Li began to move his forces further away from Sun before he might be enveloped. Li left Yongzhou with less than 50,000 loyal troops to Longhu Pass which allowed the Qing quickly snatch up Yongzhou as a result. From there Li went east, skirmishing sometimes with Sun troops and attacking Qing controlled cities. Li's hope was if he managed to get closer to the eastern coast he might be able to join forces with Koxinga whom for his own part was open to the idea and trying his best to join up as well.    In march of 1653, Li besieged Zhaoqing for weeks and despite heavy bombardments failed to take the city and was forced to move on and raid Guangxi. He attacked Guilin where he was wounded and forced to retreat when Qing relief forces came. As Li fought Qing forces in Guangdong and Guangxi throughout 1653, Sun Kewang dispatched Feng Shuangli to attack Li at Liuzhou. Li however, managed to ambush Feng's forces and sent him fleeing. There is a story that as Feng tried to ford a river fleeing, Li supposedly saved him from drowning and thus Feng gave his loyalty to Li and returned to Sun's camp waiting for the right moment to help Li defeat him. Li would take Guilin in late 1653 and the more actions he took the more Emperor Yongli's court saw him as a better alternative to Sun as a military protector. Soon Emperor Yongli offered Li the same rank as Sun Kewang if he could rescue him from Sun's house arrest situation. Li responded that he would be open to the idea of “escorting” Yongli to safety if he successfully took Guangdong. However, Ma Jixiang discovered these messages between Li and Yongli and gave word to Sun Kewang in January of 1654. Sun then accused Yongli of conspiring against him and initiated a plan to redistribute Li Dingguo's wives and concubines in Yunnan among the other high ranking officers, but there was general dissatisfaction amongst his ranks. Almost a full blown mutiny had occurred at one point and thus his devious plan never came to fruition.    On May 6, Sun executed what he called the 18 gentlemen of Anlong for allegedly conspiring against him. Their ringleader, Wu Zhenmin strangled himself while the others were publicly flayed and decapitated. Its been awhile since we had this gruesome stuff eh? It turns out when Yongli was accused he denied the conspiracy and threw all the 18 gentlemen under the bus to save himself. In spring of 1654, Sun with 370,000 troops prepared for another eastern campaign while Li Dingguo had launched his own into Guangdong hoping as always to link up with the infamous Koxinga. Li managed to push all the way to Gaozhou, located in the southeast of the province. Next he besieged Xinhui just a bit south of Guangzhou. While he besieged Xinhui he asked Koxinga for assistance, but this never came to fruition and thus the siege lagged into 1655. Li's situation became very desperate, his men were soon reduced to eating their own horses. Then Qing reinforcements commanded by Shang Kexi arrived and despite Li having arrayed his cannons and elephants for defense the cannons allegedly were not working properly during the battle, allowing the Qing to take some high ground against him. Shang Kexi and his colleague Geng Jimao from the vantage point were able to outflank Li and cause his elephants to rout running through his own army causing massive chaos. Li had already lost countless thousand during the siege and the Qing attack simply broke them, they soon fled for their lives. Shang Kexi boasted “they scattered like rats before the might of the Qing”.    Li fled back southwest with the remnants of his forces, around 10,000 men, with just 3 war elephants left and a possible 60-70 thousand refugees as he was pursued by the Qing. He was finally able to breathe when he destroyed a bridge behind himself stranding the Qing and managing to escape to Nanning. The Qing quickly grabbed up multiple cities and Li's eastern campaign had ended in complete failure. With just a single battle at Xinhui, over 3 years of Ming victories had been swept away.    Meanwhile Sun had launched an assault on Changde in the summer of 1655, bringing with him Liu Wenxiu who had tried to retire in dismay from his major defeat, but Sun would not allow this. When his forces got close to Changde they were ambushed by Qing forces and had to make a fighting retreat, losing 6 subsequent battles to them. Many of Sun's forces fell to the Qing, starvation and disease. Feng Shuangli was wounded and some other 40 generals simply surrendered to the Qing in what became a catastrophic campaign. One thing made Hong Chengchou uneasy despite the great victories, the Ming forces under Sun seemed to be using riverine units to great effect. Thus Chengchou began to pressure the Qing to put more funding into naval capabilities. You see Sun and Li both had mastered using boats to move units quicker through river systems, as cavalry was scarce and their operations required fast mobility. The use of these riverine units alluded the Qing countless times as the Qing did not possess a great number of boats themselves nor plan to build too many.   Throughout 1655 the Qing pushed through Guangxi defeating multiple bandit groups. Li Dingguo in the meantime was returning to Nanning in late 1655, but would soon flee when the Qing attacked the city in February of 1656. It became evident that Li Dingguo was edging closer and closer to Anlong to attempt a rescue of Emperor Yongli, prompting Sun Kewang to order the forceful movement of the emperor. He appointed his subordinate Bai Wenxuan for the task of moving the emperor, completely unaware that Bai was secretly working with  Li Dingguo to relocate Emperor Yongli to Yunnan where Li had a powerbase. As Sun continued to campaign in eastern Sichuan, Li dingguo and Bai Wenxuan sent word to Emperor Yongli to try and convince the him to move to Yunnan. It was a major risk as Li only had 6000 troops under his control at the time and Sun had more than 50,000 garrisoning various places, many of which were in Yunnan. Li then tried to appeal to the Ming loyalism of the commanders scattered about, accusing Sun Kewang of quote “sinking to a depth from which he could not return to allegiance”. He also bribed the hell out of them. In turn Liu Wenxiu turned his back on Sun and made his way to join Li dingguo. Li then dispatched his subordinate Jin Tongwu to take Emperor Yongli to Yunnan in early 1656, but Sun Kewang sent some agents of his own to retrieve the emperor. So basically we are seeing a situation in which Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang are both trying to win the Ming loyalists to their respective side and portraying themselves as being the true savior of the Emperor. By the way if most of this story sounds oddly familiar to parts of the 3 Kingdoms stories its not a coincidence, all the characters were avid readers of those stories and were actively portraying the events as such.    What ends up winning the day, was the cunning and deceptive alliance between Li dingguo and Bai Wenxuan, because despite all that was going on, it seems Sun still thought Bai Wenxuan was his loyal man helping move the emperor for him. At a crucial moment, Sun Kewang sent an army to apprehend the emperor and Bai Wenxuan stopped the force saying “The Son of Heaven is here. Kewang wants to be a murderous traitor. If you wish to do that which is right, how can you follow the commands of an evil murderer and thus counter the Way of Heaven?”.  Meanwhile he was sending letters to Sun Kewang explaining that he would be delivering the Emperor to Guiyang in a few days and not to worry. This deception bought enough time for Li Dingguo and his smaller army to sneak into Anlong and convince 2 Ming commanders, Pang Tianshou and Ma Jixiang (yup Sun's spy loyal man) to switch their allegiances to him. Li dingguo consolidated the forces with those of Ben Wenxuan and they began to escort Emperor Yongli out of Anlong on February 20th.    It is said the populace lined up the roads and wept for joy as Emperor Yongli entered Yunnan alongside Li Dingguo. The emperor quickly occupied Sun Kewangs former residence in Kunming and once he felt safe and comfortable he began to distribute new titles and office to all those who aided his escape. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu were named the Princes of Jin and Shu. Despite all of the craziness, Li Dingguo still hoped to bring Sun Kewang back into the fold and sent Liu Wenxiu back to Guiyang as an envoy. However Emperor Yongli advised Liu not to go in person, remembering the execution of the 18 gentlemen of Anlong, so instead Liu wrote a letter in blood to Sun Kewang. Li even sent out Sun's servants and concubines and the deceptive Bai Wenxuan back to him in a show of good faith. Sun responded as you might guess, angrily, so he sent his own envoys in return as a sign of good faith. In truth he had sent spies such as Wang Ziqi and Zhang Hu, who to his delight sent back word quickly that Li Dingguo only had 20,000 troops. Thus Sun Kewang eagerly prepared for war against Li, not realizing many of his top commanders had changed their allegiances such as his subordinate, Zhang Hu, I guess he can be called a double agent. Bai Wenxuan for his part notified Li that peace was assuredly not an option. On top of this Sun had sent some agents throughout Guizhou and Yunnan to garrison positions and prepare for war which really tipped Li off. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu each sent letters from Kunming to Koxinga hoping for cooperation but no responses came.    During all of this, the Qing were consolidating their empire, especially in Sichuan.  The skirmishes between Sun and Li had enabled the Qing to  grab most of Southwest China. Yet Southern Sichuan was still extremely chaotic. Maimed people walked everywhere, corpses littered the fields, cannibalism was rampant and people were paying taxes to differing authorities. Sun Kewang still held considerable authority in Southern Sichuan. Li Guoying was promoted to governor general of Shaanxi and Sichuan in 1657 and the Qing hoped some martial law might speed up the pacification and end the nightmare that had reigned for over a decade at this point. Li Guoying pointing out that Sichuan contained a mishmash of refugees from all the ongoing wars. There were Eight banner troops, bandits, Ming loyalists, Dashun and Daxi remnants and all these groups made it very difficult to determine reliability and suitability for service under the Qing. Li Guoying thought increasing agricultural productivity would win over most and set to work doing so. Meanwhile Hong Chengchou was gathering forces and supplies in Huguang while promoting agricultural productivity. Thus both Li and Hong were running similar programs trying to win the hearts of the populace to their side.   Now as I mentioned, the Qing took Nanning in 1656 and soon realized that Li Dingguo had slipped away to Anlong. The Qing commanders worried that their supply lines were stretched too thin and Hong Chengchou favored using Guilin as a main base of operations for enclosing the southwest. To Hong Chengchou the main threat was Emperor Yongli and his entourage because he held the most significant challenge to the Qing that of legitimacy. The Qing had word of the growing war between Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang and chose to allow Hong Chengchou to build up his forces and supplies for the time being and let the enemy rot a bit from within. The entire time the Ming were bickering, the Qing were amping up agricultural production in multiple provinces winning over more and more of the populace.    In the summer of 1657 Sun and Li finally came after another. Sun with a 140,000 strong army marched upon Yunnan leaving Feng Shuangli to hold Guiyang. Li and Liu had around 50,000 troops and took up a position at Qujing building up wooden defenses there. By this point Li and Liu had persuaded many of Sun's subordinates to turncoat using every means possible, but despite this they still feared the upcoming clash. Sun arrayed his force into 36 brigades once he hit the Yunnan border and made his way to the nearest city, Jiaoshui. When the 2 armies came 10 miles from each other, Sun placed Bai Wenxuan in his vanguard which would prove a disastrous mistake. Turns out Sun's spies finally told him Bai Wenxuan was a turncoat, so Sun rightfully threw him in front, but unbeknownst to him Bai knew Sun knew and planned for this. Oh how the turntables? At the critical start of the battle Bai sent a signal and his troops wheeled around smashing into Sun's other commanders, aided by another turncoat general. Before Sun could respond, the turncoat units were eliminating his loyal units 1 by 1. Sun panicked and sought to withdraw, but 2 of his loyal subordinates Ma Bao and Ma Weixing both promised they would capture Bai and Liu vowing to quote “eat Bai's flesh for his betrayal. We outnumber them 10 to 1, when one person advances, we retreat. Are there no men among us?”. Thus Sun sent Mao Bao and another subordinate Zhang Sheng with 4000 troops to make a flanking maneuver while he drove straight into the vanguard himself. The outcome was catastrophic. Ma Weixing simply bolted away, Zhang fled towards Kunming hoping to switch sides and Ma Bao did not follow through because it turned out he was also a turncoat. There are even accounts that Ma Bao's men were firing blanks to look like they were helping. To make matters worse, Li Dingguo was fed intel provided by Bai Wenxuan and personally led his units to hit Sun's weakest spot. When Liu Wenxiu advanced, many of Sun's subordinate began to chant “Welcome, Prince Jin! Welcome Prince Jin!” as they cast off their uniforms and defected. Soon banners of Li and Liu were filling the battleground, Sun was being undone by his own army. Even though Sun's loyal forces still outnumbered the enemy 3-1 they quickly collapsed and Sun was forced to flee.    Sun and just a few dozen followers fled through thick forests making their way to the nearest town which was named Puding…haha Puding, anyways of all people Ma Jinzhong was holding the town and he closed the gates on them. When Sun screamed at the gates he was the ruler of the realm, Ma retorted “The ruler of the realm left with an army of 160,000. Now there are only a few thousand. You are certainly bandits.” Next Sun and his followers ran to Guiyang with Liu hot on their heels. When Sun approached the gates of his old capital he found them barred by Feng Shuangli. Feng did however allow Sun to take his family and continue running and Sun also secretly ordered his followers to rape and kill the wife of Bai Wenxuan who was in Guiyangat the time. Soon Sun ran into an underling of Li Dingguo named Li Bengao. He said to Bengao “Bengao, is that my old companion? You've received my favor, but now you want to kill you ruler huh?” Bengao replied “As a court officer it is simple to know the duties of a lord and minister. Bengao does not kill his lord; I've come to kill the leader of bandits.”. But before Bengao could kill Sun, one of Sun's followers snuck up and shot Bengao dead with an arrow. Sun decided enough was enough and to defect to the Qing and did so at Baoqing on December 19th of 1657. He cut his hair in the Manchu fashion and was invested as the Prince of Yi, but would not live too much longer as he died of illness in 1660, some allege he was executed secretly for having dealings with the Koxinga regime in Taiwan.    Speaking of Koxinga, fresh from his victory over Sun, Li Dingguo yet again sent another letter to Koxinga asking if they could join forces and attack Nanjing, but this never came to be. Li Dingguo had a short lived victory as he soon had to perform mop up operations against Sun's loyalists in Yunnan. Li reportedly lost upto 90% of his best commanders and troops simply cleaning up the remnants of Sun, leaving him with a terribly green force to resist the inevitable Qing invasion to come. To make matters worse Liu Wenxiu died of illness in late 1658. Li distrusted most of the commanders at his side as they had been Sun's former commanders and without Liu he simply had too much to do by himself. Remember how Li kept trying to bring Sun Kewang back into the fold, despite the man was trying to kill him? Well you can see why here, despite Li being an incredible military leader, when it came to governance and state building, he simply was not very good at it. He was used to mobile armies, wandering the provinces and plundering while on the move. Sitting idle and trying to build up forces, taxation, production, even defenses works was sort of not his forte. Before L    iu had died, on his deathbed he told Li he should flee and establish a new base of operations in Shaanxi or maybe sail down the Yangtze to join Koxinga. The loss of Liu was a hard one, as Li trusted pretty much no other former commanders under Sun, apart from Bai Wenxuan who proved quite helpful. Regardless Li strove on preparing what defenses he could. 3 Qing armies advanced on Yunnan from 3 directions, planning to converge upon Kunming. Wu Sangui marched from Sichuan, Loto would march from Huguang, Jobeti from Guangxi and Hong Chengchou held overall command. At this time Hong Chengchou was quite old and his health was failing him so he could not take a field command. Just because he was old and ill did not mean he did not have some sneaky tricks however. Hong Chengchou sent a number of spies into Yunnan to gather intel and perform a misinformation campaign to lead Li Dingguo's forces to believe the Qing were much further away than they were.   Wu Sangui's force departed Baoning and first came upon Chengdu which he described to be “a den of tigers, leopards, and bears”. The city was still a wasteland and it is estimated only 2% of the population was alive. Things proved to be just as bad in Chongqing, when Wu and his colleague Li Guohan approached the first things they saw were corpses and bones littering the roads. Unlike Chengdu, Wu's force was hampered at Chongqing by bandit armies, but the Qing artillery proved enough to break them after several battles. It is said the Qing artillery blasted from shorelines filling the river with the bodies of bandits.    The Qing armies advanced through Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou battling bandit armies everywhere they went. The more they advanced however, the more easily bandits surrendered and defections began to pour in. Loto captured Guiyang from Ma Jingzhong and within 3 months nearly all of Guizhou fell to the Qing. By 1658 most of the Ming resistance in Huguang and Jiangxi had been smashed with only some large bandit groups holding out. Thus it was decided in 1658 to finally march on Yunnan. Despite the field commanders eagerness, Hong Chengchou advised them all that they had thus far taken mostly empty or under armed cities and they only had a month or so supplies left. He cautioned them that they should advance slowly. Emperor Shunzhi received reports from Hong Chengchou and likewise ordered them to delay their advances so they could recover somewhat and supply up. Alongside this Emperor Shunzhi stressed the necessity to win over the populace as they conquered ““establish order out of chaos and rescue the people.”. Despite these orders, many scholars point out that this stage of the war was quite bloody on the side of the Qing and many commoners suffered.   Meanwhile Li Dingguo had sent Bai Wenxuan to guard the Qixing Pass with 40,000 troops, Wu Zisheng to guard the route from Anlong and other units to the Pan River in the east where he planned to make a base of operations. Li was looking for a place to break away, considering Sichuan or even Vietnam, but the Qing had taken their time to envelop Yunnan forcing him into a corner. Li mobilized the army to go east to defend the approaches to Yunnan and won a few minor battles killing more than 10,000 Qing troops. Despite the victories, the Qing numerical superiority simply overwhelmed Li's forces quickly and they soon had to pull back further into Yunnan.   Li brought his forces to Shuanghekou and Jobtei climbed a nearby mountain to study Li's army formation, searching for signs of weakness. When the battle commenced, Li's forces launched a cannonade, but the wind suddenly blew all the smoke from the cannonade into his battle lines faces. On Top of the blinding effect the smoke lit tall grass on fire all amongst his army. His army had to pull back and in the disarray, allowing Jobtei to outflank Li catching him in a pincer forcing Li to flee. Li's army fled to Kunming destroying bridges as they did to delay the Qing forces. Meanwhile Wu Sangui had intel on an alternate route to get past Bai Wenxuans forces at Qixing Pass and managed to get behind him forcing Bai's force to flee to Zhanyi. The initial campaign to defend Yunnan was a colossal failure. Li lost an estimated 30-40 thousand men, most of them his few surviving veterans with whom held more than 10 years of experience fighting battles from Sichuan to Guangdong. 30 officers were gone, most of his war elephants were also gone and the Qing were now marching on Qujing. Li sent words back to Kunming urging Emperor Yongli to flee. Li would make it back to Kunming by January 5th 1659 and the court of Yongli began to plan their next place to make a stand. Li favored a retreat into Sichuan in the hope of joining some large bandit armies they had friendly connections with. Others in the court argued it was too dangerous and that there was little offensive potential in Sichuan. Many argued they should flee west through Yunnan into Burma. Others said they should flee into Vietnam and perhaps sail out to join Koxinga. But as they debated it turned out the Qing foresaw some of their actions and blocked the way into Vietnam and in the end the decision was made to flee west into Burma.   The royal entourage was around 4300 men that departed Kunming. Li ordered everything that could not be carried to be torched, but the people lamented him for this and he soon changed his mind about the torching. Before leaving he told the people of Kunming “We have stayed in Yunnan for many years and we regard you people as a father regards his sons. But now national affairs have reached dire proportions and the court must move. You may share our hardships together. For I fear that when the Qing troops arrive, they will kill, loot, and rape, and it will be difficult to escape. If you do not flee with his majesty, you should each get far away quickly. Those who don't have only themselves to blame”. This drove the city's populace to abandon the city while weeping for the doom that was brought upon them. The march was a rough one, food became scarce and many died of starvation and disease. They eventually made it to Yongchang in early 1659 as the Qing hit Kunming and to their great surprise found it was fully intact and supplies were everywhere to be found. Li's change of heart on the torching would cost him greatly as the Qing forces recovered several months of supplies in Kunming. Meanwhile some of the Emperors entourage did not want to go west such as Ai Chengye who instead sought to establish ambushes for the Qing, hoping to join Li and the emperor later. Bai Wenxuan began to establish defenses between Dali and Yongchang to delay the Qing as well. It was decided to cover Emperor Yongli's flight, Bai would hold the rearguard while Li rode with the Emperors entourage.    The Qing continued their advance as Bai Wenxuan tried to delay them but suffered multiple defeats and lost countless soldiers, officers and elephants. Meanwhile Li destroyed the bridge at Lancang River hoping to further delay the Qing, but the Qing were very efficient at building rafts and crossed each river with ease. The Qing would reach Yongchang in March of 1659 and proceed to plunder it heavily. Li and Bai held a council of war and Li argued they should try to fight a decisive battle in Yunnan, but Bai argued that Emperor Yongli's safety was more important.    Regardless Li was adamant about fighting and set up multiple ambushes along the mountain range of Mount Mopan west of the Nu River. With only 6000 troops against around 12,000 of a Qing vanguard, Li felt he could do some damage. He split his forces into 3 groups stationed them in ambush sites to hit the vanguard of Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui's vanguard had been having a few easy days with no real excitement so he was marching with a loose formation into the mountain range not expecting an attack. The ambush signal was triggered and Wu immediately ordered a retreat as all hell broke loose and cannons and arrows rained down upon his men. Combat raged all over the mountain range and Li Dingguo got shrapnel into his face as he directed the battle. The fighting went on for half a day seeing corpses pill up on both sides like mountains. In the end Li made a fighting withdrawal. The Ming forces ended up losing a third of their total numbers while inflicting upto 10,000 casualties upon the Qing. After the battle Wu Sangui remarked that Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan were indeed great military commanders and they should tread lightly.    The carnage in the mountains bought more time for Emperor Yongli to continue to move into Burma. Li and a few thousand troops fled south camping at Menggen inside Burma and Bai Wenxuan camped at Mubang. When Li and Bai entered Burma they took care not to attack any Burmese forces they were with the Emperor afterall.  As for Emperor Yongli when the entourage entered the Burmese border, the royal party was disarmed by local border guards and apprehended. They were taken by boat over the Irrawaddy river to the capital city of Ava. By this time their entourage was nothing more than 1478 members of which only 600 or so were allowed to be on the boats, the rest had to walk it through thick jungle. Hundreds died to disease while trekking the jungles, some went south to Siam instead, others ended up being captured as slaves. Emperor Yongli's party made it to Ava, completely unaware Li and Bai were trying to find them and one of his court officials was sending word to them that Emperor Yongli had instead fled to Fujian. Over the next 2 years, Li and Bai under the believe that Emperor Yongli was kidnapped, and perhaps he was for all intensive purposes, began to make repeated rescue efforts.    Meanwhile the Qing consolidated their position in Yunnan and their enormous occupational force was exacerbating the province, soon famine spread. For both the populace of Yunnan and the Qing forces the situation was growing quite dire. The costs for garrisoning Yunnan was estimated to exceed the entire military revenue for the empire, over 9 million taels of silver. The situation grew worse when Li Dingguo began to work with local chieftains to form rebellions against the Qing menace. The trouble of banditry and rebellions would plague the Qing in Yunnan for months far into 1661. While some Qing commanders like Wu Sangui pushed for apprehending Emperor Yongli as soon as possible, Hong Chengchou favored a gradual pacification of Yunnan before campaigning. Hong had seen the countless failures in Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou and understood the need to win the hearts of the populace so that victory would be less costly.    Meanwhile back in Burma, Bai Wenxuan advanced towards Ava trying to rescue Emperor Yongli who he assumed had been kidnapped. This led the Burmese forces to treat both Bai and Li's small armies as threats. Bai and Li consolidated their armies and defeated a Burmese force killing several thousand. After defeating the Burmese force they negotiated a 3 day truce asking for the Burmese to hand over the emperor. After 3 days instead of handing him over the Burmese sent another army to attack them and they were swiftly defeated. When they demanded the Emperor be handed over again the Burmese commander said “Now how can we send [Yongli] to you? You have the temerity to attack our city, but the land and water [i.e., terrain] don't favor you. We can hold out for two to three years without fear.”. Thus they continued to march on Ava and besieged it, prompting the king of Burma to amass over 150,000 troops with 100 war elephants to defend the capital. The entire time Li and Bai both tried to write countless letters to the emperor failing countless times, but then one letter got through in 1661 and Yongli responded ““Use unorthodox troops to rescue me.”. Thus they did just that, they made a direct attack on the city preparing to cross the Irrawaddy to hit the walls of Ava. That night they opened fire with their heavy cannons and began building floating bridges.   As you can imagine the Ming forces were outnumbered by something like 10 to 1 and certainly outgunned or better said out elephanted. Regardless of their numbers the Burmese using the cover of night, to cut the bridges to Ava forcing the Ming forces to pull back. Then in april of 1661 a Burmese army of 150,000 with apparently 1000 war elephants showed up and gave battle, that number has to be inflated, 1000 war elephants what is this the siege of Minas Tirith? Anyways it is said, Li Dingguo went forth to the front of battle with a large sword and grabbed an elephants tusk as he hacked its trunk off. The elephant fled afterwards making Li the largest bad ass I've ever heard of, and that poor elephant. It is also said Bai Wenxuan managed to perform a rear flank attack killing thousands and drove the Burmese army back, which must of been incredible given the disparity of numbers, 10,000 guys managed to defeat an army of 150,000 and 1000 elephants, yeah. The Ming proceeded to continue building the fleet of boats and rafts after the battle and besieged Ava yet again. The Burmese sent word they would release Yongli if the siege was lifted, I am pretty confused writing about this one, its as if the Burmese army was a paper army or something. I mean this Ming force is 10,000 or less how are they managing to defeat the capital of Burma?. Regardless the Burmese did not hand over the emperor and instead began to construct more defenses in Ava.    Meanwhile the Qing sent letters to Li and Bai to defect to the Qing as they were mobilizing their own assault on Burma to grab Yongli. In june of 1661 the King of Burma, Pindale was executed and replaced by his brother, Pye Min who assumed a more aggressive stance against the Ming forces. For his enthronement there was a “water spirit” ceremony and an official of Yongli's court, Mu Tianbo was chosen to be sacrificed. Mu Tianbo fought ferociously, killing a few guards before being executed. After this Emperor Yongli lost all hope and lamented “The Dowager Empress is sick again and it looks like I will be unable to go back [to China] because the Tartars are coming to kill me. So please return the Dowager Empress's bones to her old home. Now it's obvious that I've been duped by traitorous ministers. If only I had invested Bai Wenxuan as a Prince of the Blood and Ma Bao as a secondary prince and followed the counsel of the meritorious officials, then I wouldn't have these regrets. Still playing the part of the Son of Heaven, he also expressed regret at the fate of his loyal subjects in Yunnan, who were reportedly suffering at the hands of Wu Sangui and Hong Chengchou.”   When Bai and Li heard of the execution they panicked and launched one final attack on Ava. This time they tried to use their 16 boats to get across to the city, but their force was driven back after only 3 days of combat and they lost 11 boats in the process. Now Li and Bai lamented in despair for their situation was very dire. Since the Ming had entered Burma the Burmese government began opening up talks with the Qing hoping to curry favor. This facilitated the Qing march into Burma with a 100,000 strong force in 1661. The Qing immediately sought to separate the forces of Li and Bai as they advanced towards Ava. The Qing had already sent word to the Burmese King that if Yongli was not handed over immediately, Ava would be besieged. As the Qing closed in, Emperor Yongli sent a letter to Wu Sangui begging for his life, but Wu ignored it. When the Qing arrived at Ava, the Burmese told Emperor Yongli Li Dingguo was taking him away to safety as they delivered the emperor straight into the hands of the Qing. Emperor Yongli was brought to Kunming and executed on may 19th 1662 on a small hill overlooking Green Lake. Yongli and his wife were strangled and their ashes were poured around the Lotus Pond in Kunming. Wu Sangui allegedly felt remorse for not trying to save Emperor Yongli, though his story is not quite done.   Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan fled north trying to decide their next move, but they knew they stood no chance against the Qing force. Wu Sangui surrounded their camp and Bai lamented “I've disappointed my emperor, and I've let down Prince Jin.”. Bai then surrendered to Wu Sangui's subordinate Ma Bao who happened to be an old friend of his. Li Dingguo was given false word that Emperor Yongli escaped, but required him for rescue. By this point Li had only 5000 or so men and could do little to nothing. Li fled east, hoping as you guessed it, to jin Koxinga, the man I keep naming but never speak much about. Li tried to flee to Vietnam and slipped past the Qing who were much more preoccupied moving Emperor Yongli back to Kunming. Despite the fact Li Dingguo evaded the Qing menace, as he fled through the thick Burmese jungles he was stricken, as were his men with disease. On his death bed just as he got word that Emperor Yongli had been executed, Li Dingguo died on August 10th 1662. He died telling his remaining son to never submit to the Qing and he would be remembered as one of the great loyalist heroes in Chinese history.    10700   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.  The last pretender to the Dragon throne, Emperor Yongli has been executed and adoptive offspring of Zhang Xianzhong have fallen likewise. Yunnan and the rest of south China is being consolidated into the Qing empire, all that remains is a few bandit groups, or was that all? I've mentioned his name countless times, but one problem still remains for the Qing, Koxinga over in Taiwan.

Puhumme mangan ääniefekteistä: niiden erilaisista tarinankerronnallisista ja visuaalisista tehtävistä sekä siitä, miten niitä lokalisoidaan. Ajankohtaisina aiheina puhumme Ranskan mangamarkkinan tilasta vuonna 2021 sekä siitä, miten Happy Science -kultti painosti Shueishan lopettamaan uskontokriittisen esseemangan. Lukujonossa ovat Ya Boy Kongming! ja Summer Time Rendering, joiden molempien animesovitukset alkoivat tänä keväänä. --- Kommentoi | Twitter | Instagram --- - Demoniruhtinas Mage (kuva) - Lootusallas toissavuonna, viime vuonna ja tänä vuonna - Peikonlehti (kuva) 06:05 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: ESITTELY - Suomennetulle mangalle tyypillisiä ääniefektejä (Psycho-Pass: Tarkastaja Akane Tsunemori) (kuva) 08:43 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: ÄÄNIEFEKTIT OSANA SYMBOLISTA KERRONTAA - Erilaisia vakiintuneita ääniefektejä - Suorasukaisesti sanomisen “ääniefekti“ (Girl Friends) (kuva) - Joskus mangan ääniefektit ovat niin ikonisia, että ne otetaan tehokeinoksi myös animeen: - JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Go go go go go (YouTube) - Kaiji: Zawa zawa (YouTube) - March Comes in Like a Lion: Söpöt pienet ääniefektit (YouTube) 16:15 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: VISUAALINEN MERKITYS JA NÄKÖKULMA - Jo ääniefektin muoto kertoo usein paljon siitä, millaista ääntä sen on tarkoitus kuvata (Beasts of Abigaile) (kuva) - Ääniefektien käyttö voi viedä lukijan syvälle hahmon näkökulmaan (Tokyo Mew Mew) (kuva) 19:36 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: OSA SARJAN IDENTITEETTIÄ - Nana & Kaorun pikkuiset sydämentykytykset, sätkähdykset ja muut (kuva) - My Hero Academian alun perinkin englanniksi kirjoitetut ääniefektit (kuva) - One Piecen DON (kuva) 24:09 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: ÄÄNIEFEKTIEN PUUTTUMINEN - Saiyuki Gaidenin kohtaus, jossa huudetaan, mutta ei ole ääniefektejä (kuva) - Inio Asano - Kengo Hanazawa 28:49 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: KERRONNAN AVUSTAJANA - Saiyukin kohtaus, jossa ääniefekti esittelee kohtauksen uuden käänteen ennen kuin se näytetään visuaalisesti (kuva) - Saiyukin kohtaus, jossa ääniefekti selventää tupakan askista ulos kopauttamista ja sen sytyttämistä (kuva) - Blue Flagin kohtaus, jossa kerrotaan ääniefektin kautta, että ollaan pelaamassa baseballia (kuva) - Maiden Railwaysin kohtaus, jossa hahmo läimäyttää toista poskelle (kuva) 35:36 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: LOKALISOINTI - EI LOKALISOINTIA - Tokyopopin “100% Authentic Manga” -strategia kulujen säästämiseksi oli jättää ääniefektit kääntämättä (Tokyo Babylon) (kuva) - Tokyopopin Saiyuki-julkaisuissa oli sentään ääniefektikäännösluettelo pokkarin takana (kuva) 38:40 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: LOKALISOINTI - VIEREEN KÄÄNTÄMINEN - Maaretin blogikirjoitus Kuroshitsujin eri kieliversioiden lokalisointiratkaisuista - Yen Pressin tyyli on mennä aidan ali sen matalimmasta kohdasta - Jos negatiivista tilaa on vähän, viereen kääntäminen voi saada ruudun näyttämään täyteen ahdetulta (Yotsuba&!) (kuva) - Verticalin julkaisuissa ääniefekti pyrittiin kääntämään viereen mahdollisimman alkuperäistä vastaavan näköisesti (After the Rain) (kuva) 45:39 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: LOKALISOINTI - KOKONAAN KORVAAMINEN - Vizin korvatut ääniefektit vs alkuperäiset (My Hero Academia) (kuva) - Petterin ääniefektiaiheinen pääkirjoitus Anime-lehdessä 3/2016 (kuva) - Esimerkki vaivannäöstä sen eteen, että uudet ääniefektit vastaavat alkuperäisiä - Jotkut vihaavat ääniefektien korvaamista periaatteesta - Kun ääniefekti alkaa yhdellä puolella ruutua ja päättyy toisella, sen korvaaminen voi olla visuaalisesti haastavaa (Kaiju No. 8) (kuva) - …Tai jopa mahdotonta (My Hero Academia) (kuva) 57:19 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: LOKALISOINTI - VERTAILUA - Pelkillä ääriviivoilla tehdyt efektit (kuva) ovat usein hyvin integroitu osa taidetta, mutta niitäkin voi korvata - One Peace Books teki aikoinaan usein niin, ettei mitään käsin kirjoitettua tekstiä korvattu, vaan käännettiin viereen niin että alkuperäinenkin teksti näkyy (Whispered Words) (kuva) - Viereen lisätyt ääniefektikäännökset voivat tehdä ruuduista tukkoisen näköisiä (After the Rain) (kuva) 01:05:10 – MIKSI MANGASSA ON ÄÄNIEFEKTEJÄ: YHTEENVETO - Ääniefekti voi kuvata isompaakin viestiä kuin pelkkää ääntä, esim. riitelyä (Takane & Hana) (kuva) 01:08:00 – RANSKAN MANGAMARKKINA 2021 - Yleisesti markkinan tilasta: - BFM TV: Le marché de la BD et du manga a battu tous les records en 2021 - Le Figaro: Mangas.io, le «Netflix» français du manga, séduit un nombre croissant d'éditeurs - Livres Hebdo: Meilleures ventes 2021 - Bande dessinée - Arigato le «Pass Culture» (Top50-sarjakuvamyyntilista) - GfK: Best-sellers 2021: la BD s'invite au Top 50 (Top10-kirjamyyntilista) - Valentin Paquotin twiittiketju mangapainosten kasvusta - Linternaute: Manga: les chiffres de ventes dictent-ils la stratégie des éditeurs? - Kaiju No. 8: - ANN: Kaiju No. 8 Mural Looms Over France's National Library - ANN: Kaiju No. 8 Takes Over Metro Station in Milan - Korjaus: italialaisen kustantajan nimi on Star Comics eikä Square Comics - Ki-Oon: - Livres Hebdo: Ahmed Agne: «Le changement est profond et irréversible» - Jakso 28, jossa puhuimme viimeksi Ahmed Agnen haastattelusta - Beyond the Clouds - Prophecy (jonka englanninkielinen Wikipedia-sivu on tosiaan virheellinen) - Tsugumi Project - One Piece: - Le Figaro: One Piece : les librairies prises d'assaut pour la sortie du tome 100 - Le Figaro: Le tome 100 du manga One Piece s'écoule à plus de 130.000 exemplaires en trois jours - Actualitté: Des édition collector de mangas victimes de la spéculation - Le Pass Culture: - Le Figaro: Plus d'un million de mangas ont été vendus via le Pass Culture - Le Figaro: Pass culture : les douze meilleures ventes de livres sont des mangas devant le Dalloz - Le Figaro: Emmanuel Macron et le manga One Piece, une histoire d'amour intéressée - Helsingin Sanomat: Espanjassa ja Ranskassa nuoret saavat satoja euroja kulttuurin kuluttamiseen – Manga-sarjakuvien suosio räjähti - Macron sai Eiichiro Odan nimikirjoituksen käydessään Japanissa 01:41:09 – HAPPY SCIENCE -KULTTI PAINOSTI SHUEISHAN POISTAMAAN USKONTOKRIITTISEN NETTIMANGAN - ANN: Shueisha Removes Web Manga About Children Born Into Religion Following Alleged Backlash From Happy Science - Flash-lehden artikkeli aiheesta - Happy Science -kultti - A Life Turned Upside Down: My Dad's an Alcoholic, Mariko Kikuchin toinen esseemanga - Japanin isoin kultti Sooka Gakkai ja sen poliittinen puolue Komeito - Korkein totuus -kultin sariinikaasuhyökkäys 1995 - Twiitti siitä, miten asiasta ollaan oltu lännessä kumman hiljaa 01:52:27 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: SAIYUKI RELOAD ZEROININ ÄÄNINÄYTTELY - Jakso 62, jossa puhuimme Saiyukista - Souichirou Hoshi - Kouichi Toochika 01:59:27 – HAMPAANKOLOSSA: USA:N MANGAMARKKINA 2021 - Jakso 64, jossa puhuimme USA:n mangamarkkinan tilasta vuonna 2021 - The Beat -sivuston artikkeli NPD Bookscanin tilastoista - Lista mangakoista, joiden pokkareita myytiin 2021 yli 100 000 kappaletta 02:04:11 – LUKUJONOSSA: YA BOY KONGMING - Ya Boy Kongming! ja sarja Kodansha Comicsin sivustolla - Romance of the Three Kingdoms on fiktiiviseksi väritetty kertomus oikeista historiallisista tapahtumista - Zhuge Liang eli Kongming - Thermae Romae - Hikaru no Go - Mangan kääntäjän twiittiketju kääntämisen haasteista - Jakso 55, jossa puhuimme Kodanshan heikkolaatuisista digijulkaisukäännöksistä - Anime HiDivessä - Animen tosi menevä OP (YouTube) 02:21:12 – LUKUJONOSSA: SUMMER TIME RENDERING - Summer Time Rendering Manga Plussassa - Jakso 64, jossa puhuimme ajankohtaisosiossa siitä, miten Manga Plussassa on kaikki tuoreet ja jatkuvat sarjat luettavissa kokonaan tämän vuoden ajan - Higurashi: When They Cry - Re:Zero - Jakso 55, jossa puhuimme toisesta Jump Plus -sarja Astrasta - Tapahtumapaikka Hitogashima (kuva) on fiktiivinen ja muokattu versio Okinoshiman saaresta (Google Maps) - Seaside Stranger - Komi Can't Communicate Netflixissä 02:45:42 – LOPETUS

AniThree - Hiking Through All the Animes and Questions DishedDoug and his friends will come together to spill the tea:Podcast Life-An update on our podcast status, what we did recently as a group and why we regret it!-Doug shares a future update about the podcast and what to expect!-We address some questions from our listener, stay tuned for our responses!Anime-Red talks about the new anime season and lists the shows they will be watching and more! (Shield Hero Season 2, Spy X Family, Kaguya-sama Season 3, Shikimori's not just a cutie!, Komi-San Season 2 and much, much more!)-Renee hypes up one of the season's rising stars, Ya Boy, Kongming! featuring Zhuge Liang, a brilliant strategist!Videogames-Doug and the group share their reactions to the latest Kingdom Hearts announcement and discuss their opinions on Kingdom Hearts III!-The group talks about the latest updates to their mobile games and the guaranteed SSR's and 5-stars coming their way!Questions-The group tries to explain each other using one word to describe a person!-We address the issue of burnout and how we handle it and how much we deserve vacation!-We discuss our early anime crushes and how Doug's crushes are Misty from Pokemon and Mimi from Digimon!-We address the very real plans to go to Japan again!Conclusion:-Don't forget to follow our Instagram and subscribe to our podcast!-Thank you for listening to the eleventh episode of Season 3!Credits:(Cloudy and New Day ) by KODOMOi (https://soundcloud.com/kodomoimusic)Creative Commons - Attribution 3.0 Unported - CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)Music promoted by Music Panda - Vlog No Copyright Free MusicVideo Link: https://youtu.be/jmuJp29d57QPlease email us any recommendations to anithreepodcast@gmail.comSupport the show (https://buymeacoffee.com/anithreepodcast)

Ce petit pain chinois cuit à la vapeur conquiert notre pays depuis quelques années, au point que des restaurants lui sont désormais dédiés. On attribue l'invention du baozi au stratège militaire Zhuge Liang, qui le développe au 2e siècle, durant la période des trois royaumes. Ces petits pains se nomment alors "mantou", ils pouvent être farcis ou non.

三國最會賺錢的居然是他 - 柴桑 你知道柴桑嗎? 你知道財商嗎? 一個小小的新名詞, VK又要說出什麼花樣呢? 趕快來聽聽看 VK聊天口很渴，歡迎大家賞杯水。 https://pay.soundon.fm/podcasts/b4e15bb8-4a37-44eb-a7ae-4e1e2f764b6c 如果想聯絡VK，歡迎來信。 drewgel.daddy@gmail.com

「 项脊轩志 」作者 | 归有光翻译 | 刘士聪项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注，每移案，顾视无可置者。又北向，不能得日，日过午已昏。My study Xiangjixuan used to be called South Chamber. It was only ten feet by ten, large enough for one person to live in. As it was nearly one hundred years old, dust and flakes of plaster fell, and the roof let in rain. When I moved my desk, I could find no place to keep it off the rain. It faced the north and the sun could not get inside. Soon after noon it turned dusky. 余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯亦遂增胜。积书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万籁有声。I did some repairs to the roof to stop it leaking, opened four windows in front and built a wall around. When the sun was reflected from the wall, the room brightened up. I planted orchids, laurels, bamboos and trees about and, therefore, the old railings looked brighter with colors. The bookshelf was filled with books on loan. I read and chanted aloud, beating time by swaying back forth. Sitting in it I could hear various sounds emanating from outside.而庭阶寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，风移影动，珊珊可爱。It was so quiet round the steps that small birds often came looking for food there, not scared of men's presence. On the fifteenth night of the lunar month the bright moon flooded half of the wall. When a gentle breeze arose, laurel leaves shimmered flecks of moonlight on the wall and it was pleasing to see the shadows dancing and hear the leaves rustling in the wind. 然余居于此，多可喜，亦多可悲。先是，庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门，墙往往而是。东犬西吠，客逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。I lived in this room, happy in some ways and sad in others. Previously the courtyard was all the way through from south to north. When my uncles began to live separately, they put up low walls here and there with small doors in them. Dogs in the east barked toward the west. Guests had to go through the kitchen to wine and dine. Sometimes chickens roosted in the hall. The courtyard was first partitioned by fences and later by walls. Such changes had taken place several times.家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：“某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？'吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。We had an old maid who once lived in this room. She was the maid of my late grandma. She had nursed two generations of my family. My late mother had been very kind to her. The room related to my mother's bedroom on the west and she once came over. "That's where your mum stood when she came," she would tell me. "I was holding your elder sister in my arms when she cried. Your mum tapped on the door with her fingers, asking: 'Is the child cold or is she hungry? "I answered her from this side…" Before she was finished, I wept and so did she.余自束发读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：“吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：“吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎？”顷之，持一象笏至，曰：“此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之。”Since I was fifteen, I had been reading in this study. One day Grandma came and said: “I haven't seen you for ages, my child. Why do you shut yourself up in here like a girl?" When she left, she closed the door behind her, mumbling to herself: “Since long none of my family have got anywhere with their studies. Hopefully, this child will be of some promise. " In a few moments she returned with an ivory tablet in her hand, saying: “This is the tablet with which my grandfather Duke Taichang attended court sessions during the years of Xuande. You may have use for it someday." 瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。Looking at it today I felt as if it had occurred just the day before. I couldn't help bursting into tears.轩东，故尝为厨，人往，从轩前过。余扃牖而居，久之，能以足音辨人。轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。On the east of my study there used to be the kitchen. To get to the kitchen one had to pass my study. Though I lived in it with the windows closed, gradually I learned to tell by the tread who was passing by. The room got fired for several times, but it didn't break down. Maybe it had been protected by gods.项脊生曰：蜀清守丹穴，利甲天下，其后秦皇帝筑女怀清台。刘玄德与曹操争天下，诸葛孔明起陇中。方二人之昧昧于一隅也，世何足以知之？The occupant of Xiangjixuan comments: Widow Qing of Sichuan made so many profits from her mining of cinnabar that she topped the whole country and the Emperor of the Qin Dynasty built a terrace in her honor. When Liu Bei and Caocao were fighting each other for the rule of China, Zhuge Liang emerged from Longzhong. When Widow Qing and Zhuge Liang lived in obscurity in far-off corners, how did they become known to the outside world?余区区处败屋中，方扬眉瞬目，谓有奇景。人知之者，其谓与坎井之蛙何异！This humble man is now living in this shabby room, but when I raised my brows and look up, I claim to see magnificent prospects in it. People who get to know about it will think I am no more than a frog at the bottom of the well.余既为此志，后五年，吾妻来归，时至轩中，从余问古事，或凭几学书。Five years after I wrote the above article, I got married. My wife often came to my study, asking about things of old or learning calligraphy at my desk. 吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰：“闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也？”其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。When she returned from her visit to her parents, she told me what her sisters had asked: “We hear there is a chamber in your home, but what is a chamber really?" Six years later my wife died. The condition of the room worsened, and I left it as it was. Another two years later I fell ill and was laid up in bed for a long time. Feeling bored, I had South Chamber renovated and it looked a bit different from before. Since then, I had been away from home most of the time and seldom lived in it.庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。In the courtyard there was the loquat my wife planted the year she died. It stood there with graceful poise, its top spread out with exuberant foliage.

「 项脊轩志 」作者 | 归有光翻译 | 刘士聪项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注，每移案，顾视无可置者。又北向，不能得日，日过午已昏。My study Xiangjixuan used to be called South Chamber. It was only ten feet by ten, large enough for one person to live in. As it was nearly one hundred years old, dust and flakes of plaster fell, and the roof let in rain. When I moved my desk, I could find no place to keep it off the rain. It faced the north and the sun could not get inside. Soon after noon it turned dusky. 余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯亦遂增胜。积书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万籁有声。I did some repairs to the roof to stop it leaking, opened four windows in front and built a wall around. When the sun was reflected from the wall, the room brightened up. I planted orchids, laurels, bamboos and trees about and, therefore, the old railings looked brighter with colors. The bookshelf was filled with books on loan. I read and chanted aloud, beating time by swaying back forth. Sitting in it I could hear various sounds emanating from outside.而庭阶寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，风移影动，珊珊可爱。It was so quiet round the steps that small birds often came looking for food there, not scared of men's presence. On the fifteenth night of the lunar month the bright moon flooded half of the wall. When a gentle breeze arose, laurel leaves shimmered flecks of moonlight on the wall and it was pleasing to see the shadows dancing and hear the leaves rustling in the wind. 然余居于此，多可喜，亦多可悲。先是，庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门，墙往往而是。东犬西吠，客逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。I lived in this room, happy in some ways and sad in others. Previously the courtyard was all the way through from south to north. When my uncles began to live separately, they put up low walls here and there with small doors in them. Dogs in the east barked toward the west. Guests had to go through the kitchen to wine and dine. Sometimes chickens roosted in the hall. The courtyard was first partitioned by fences and later by walls. Such changes had taken place several times.家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：“某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？'吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。We had an old maid who once lived in this room. She was the maid of my late grandma. She had nursed two generations of my family. My late mother had been very kind to her. The room related to my mother's bedroom on the west and she once came over. "That's where your mum stood when she came," she would tell me. "I was holding your elder sister in my arms when she cried. Your mum tapped on the door with her fingers, asking: 'Is the child cold or is she hungry? "I answered her from this side…" Before she was finished, I wept and so did she.余自束发读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：“吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：“吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎？”顷之，持一象笏至，曰：“此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之。”Since I was fifteen, I had been reading in this study. One day Grandma came and said: “I haven't seen you for ages, my child. Why do you shut yourself up in here like a girl?" When she left, she closed the door behind her, mumbling to herself: “Since long none of my family have got anywhere with their studies. Hopefully, this child will be of some promise. " In a few moments she returned with an ivory tablet in her hand, saying: “This is the tablet with which my grandfather Duke Taichang attended court sessions during the years of Xuande. You may have use for it someday." 瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。Looking at it today I felt as if it had occurred just the day before. I couldn't help bursting into tears.轩东，故尝为厨，人往，从轩前过。余扃牖而居，久之，能以足音辨人。轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。On the east of my study there used to be the kitchen. To get to the kitchen one had to pass my study. Though I lived in it with the windows closed, gradually I learned to tell by the tread who was passing by. The room got fired for several times, but it didn't break down. Maybe it had been protected by gods.项脊生曰：蜀清守丹穴，利甲天下，其后秦皇帝筑女怀清台。刘玄德与曹操争天下，诸葛孔明起陇中。方二人之昧昧于一隅也，世何足以知之？The occupant of Xiangjixuan comments: Widow Qing of Sichuan made so many profits from her mining of cinnabar that she topped the whole country and the Emperor of the Qin Dynasty built a terrace in her honor. When Liu Bei and Caocao were fighting each other for the rule of China, Zhuge Liang emerged from Longzhong. When Widow Qing and Zhuge Liang lived in obscurity in far-off corners, how did they become known to the outside world?余区区处败屋中，方扬眉瞬目，谓有奇景。人知之者，其谓与坎井之蛙何异！This humble man is now living in this shabby room, but when I raised my brows and look up, I claim to see magnificent prospects in it. People who get to know about it will think I am no more than a frog at the bottom of the well.余既为此志，后五年，吾妻来归，时至轩中，从余问古事，或凭几学书。Five years after I wrote the above article, I got married. My wife often came to my study, asking about things of old or learning calligraphy at my desk. 吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰：“闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也？”其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。When she returned from her visit to her parents, she told me what her sisters had asked: “We hear there is a chamber in your home, but what is a chamber really?" Six years later my wife died. The condition of the room worsened, and I left it as it was. Another two years later I fell ill and was laid up in bed for a long time. Feeling bored, I had South Chamber renovated and it looked a bit different from before. Since then, I had been away from home most of the time and seldom lived in it.庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。In the courtyard there was the loquat my wife planted the year she died. It stood there with graceful poise, its top spread out with exuberant foliage.

Krieg. Krieg bleibt immer gleich. Im Jahr 208 dienten hunderttausende Vorfahren vieler heutiger Menschen in den Reichen des damaligen, unvereinten Chinas. Sie fragten sich, wann sie endlich nach Hause kommen können. Doch dann passierte für viele ein persönlicher Weltuntergang. Sie wurden alle in diese eine Schlacht geschickt, die durch einen offensichtlich zwielichtigen Strategen und einen Feldherren mit Alkoholproblem zu einer Katastrophe wurde. Die Geschichte wie es dazu kam und warum man immer die Richtigkeit der Krähenformationen überprüfen sollte, gibt’s heute bei uns im Podcast. Gefällt euch was wir machen? Gebt uns Feedback! Ob auf iTunes, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram oder hier in den Kommentaren. Oder bewertet uns auf Podchaser. Ihr sprecht – wir hören! Quellen zur aktueller Episode: Schlacht von Chibi (Wikipedia DE)Battle of Red Cliffs (Wikipedia EN)The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Luo Guanzhong, 1321)Für die Gamer: Dynasty Warriors 8 (nicht den 9. kaufen, der ist Mist!)Für die Film-Fans: Red Cliff (2008)Für die Serienjunkies: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (2010) Podcast Cover: Jennifer Waldhausen (www.jw-creations.com) Musik: Marked und Futuristic 4 von Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wir lieben Bewertungen! Newsletter gefällig? Email: Name:

The Three Kingdoms era following the collapse of the Han Dynasty was a pivotal period in Chinese history. Many Chinese traditions date to this time. And the many heroes that rose up like a rushing spring in this age of chaos are still revered. Indeed, names like Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu are still household names in East Asia just as names like Odysseus and Achilles are still known across Western culture. In this episode, I discuss why the parallels between the Three Kingdoms (and the 14th century novel that narrates that history) and Homer's Iliad are more than a coincidence.

陋室铭An Epigraph in Praise of My Humble Home 山不在高，有仙则名。A mountain needn't be high;It is famous so long as there is a deity on it. 水不在深，有龙则灵。A lake needn't be deep;It has supernatural power so long as there is a dragon in it. 斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。My home is humble,But it enjoys the fame of virtue so long as I am living in it. 苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。The moss creeping onto the doorsteps turns them green,The hue of the grass reflected through the bamboo curtains turns the room blue. 谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。Erudite scholars come in good spirits to talk with me,And among my guests there is no unlearned common man. 可以调素琴，阅金经。In this humble room, I can enjoy playing my plainly decorated qin,or read the Buddhist scriptures quietly. 无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。Without the disturbance of the noisy tunes that jar on the ears,or the solemn burden of reading official documents. 南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。My humble home is like the thatched hut of Zhuge Liang of Nanyang,or the Pavilion Ziyun of Xishu. 孔子云：“何陋之有？”Confucius once said, “How could we call a room humble as long as there is a virtuous man in it.”

陋室铭An Epigraph in Praise of My Humble Home 山不在高，有仙则名。A mountain needn’t be high;It is famous so long as there is a deity on it. 水不在深，有龙则灵。A lake needn’t be deep;It has supernatural power so long as there is a dragon in it. 斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。My home is humble,But it enjoys the fame of virtue so long as I am living in it. 苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。The moss creeping onto the doorsteps turns them green,The hue of the grass reflected through the bamboo curtains turns the room blue. 谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。Erudite scholars come in good spirits to talk with me,And among my guests there is no unlearned common man. 可以调素琴，阅金经。In this humble room, I can enjoy playing my plainly decorated qin,or read the Buddhist scriptures quietly. 无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。Without the disturbance of the noisy tunes that jar on the ears,or the solemn burden of reading official documents. 南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。My humble home is like the thatched hut of Zhuge Liang of Nanyang,or the Pavilion Ziyun of Xishu. 孔子云：“何陋之有？”Confucius once said, “How could we call a room humble as long as there is a virtuous man in it.”

Bible Study with Jairus- Numbers 1 The first chapter of the book of Numbers seems to be very boring and difficult to read because it is the list of names of the different tribes of Israel and the number of Israelites they counted. But behind these boring numbers, there is profound meaning. It's like someone who doesn't understand advanced mathematics or physics; numbers and formulas may be very boring for them. But for those who understand the principles, it's very simple, and may also be very interesting. The same is true when reading the Bible. Often, when we read a certain part of the Bible, we feel that it's boring because we are not familiar with the "numbers and formulas" inside. But once we are familiar with these things, we may find it interesting. So, how many boring numbers recorded in the first chapter of the Book of Numbers are related to our actual life and the church today? These two are closely connected. But we need the illumination of the Holy Spirit to help us understand this relationship. I'll use a historical story that the Chinese are familiar with to explain. Chinese legends always mention leaders who are good at commanding the army. For example, Zhuge Liang, who sets up an "Eight-Array Maze" when fighting the enemy. I won't discuss how the “Eight Array Maze” works because I'm unsure of all the details.    It involves divination in traditional Chinese culture (or something of that sort), so it is just a metaphor here. Usually, "Eight-Array Maze" refers to a complex and diverse military arrangement. If the soldiers follow the command according to this strategy, they will defeat the enemy.   However, the enemy often thinks of ways to destroy this "Eight-Array Maze." We can think of the number of people who were counted in the Book of Numbers and the encampment later as an "Eight-Array Maze" or a complex battle structure established by God. If God's people embattle the army according to this "Eight-Array Maze," it will be very easy to defeat the enemy. And under the leadership of God's appointed leaders Moses and Joshua, many battles were won. But we all know that later, the descendants of Israel couldn't drive out the enemies of Israel completely. So, in the end, they became thorns in their flesh, which made them fall. Therefore, Israel has suffered many defeats in its many years of war with neighboring countries. Why is it that under the leadership of people like Moses, Joshua, and even Caleb, Israel could win the battle, but later, the Israelites were repeatedly defeated? Generally speaking, many Christians regard the book of Numbers as a book of war, because after Jehovah led the Israelites out of Egypt, the Israelites were formed into an army and were brought by Jehovah to the Promised Land (Land of Israel) to drive the enemy away. The Bible calls God the "The Lord of Hosts" many times (1 Sam. 1: 3; Psalm 24:10; Isa. 1: 9; Ha 1: 2). So as the leader of hosts, God is a great military strategist and conductor. God does have an enemy, and His enemy is very cunning, but in a battle between God and His enemy, He will prevail. This battle however, becomes a little bit complicated because it involves people. God chooses to let people fight with Satan and his evil forces, and He often helps them. But if they are prideful and don't accept the right guidance, they will naturally be defeated. There is an old saying in China, "A true gentleman should keep silent while watching a chess game." This means that when people play Chinese chess, they don't like to hear others guiding them. Because the people who play chess think they are smart enough to play the game. Therefore, they don't like others to guide them.  Humans and Satan are like the two players in chess.  God is the one watching. If people ask God for help, He will help them. But sometimes, people who play chess are reluctant to accept help, and God silently watches even though He is qualified at a high-level. When the person who plays chess loses, and humbly asks Him for help, He'll step in and help. God is always with us; watching us play chess or watching us fight our enemies. Sometimes, we are too full of ourselves. We don't like being told what to do, so God keeps silent. But when we fail and humble ourselves and ask God for help, He will help us. The history of the book of Numbers can be said to be a picture depicting how God's people were able to win the battle through His guidance and under the correct leaders Moses and Joshua.  The book of Joshua recorded many of the victorious battles that God's people won, but by the time we get to the book of Judges, the Israelites suffered a crushing defeat. So when we read the book of Numbers, we must pay attention to how God leads and enlightens people like Moses and Joshua to fight and also how God's people cooperate. Moses and Joshua are leaders who obeyed God and who listened attentively to His voice. God's people were also willing to obey and submit to Moses and Joshua's leadership, enabling them to have many victories in battle. But in later years, the Israelites lacked good leaders like Moses and Joshua. Although God kept raising the judges, they continued to fail because of the idolatry of the Israelites and the fall after the judges were victorious.  I shared with those in the bible study that the current condition of Christianity in the United States is the same situation as described in the book of Judges. It's like Israel's repeated failure in history. Of course, this is not to discourage our American brothers and sisters. Many people talk about how God will judge the United States and how it will fail.  This does not necessarily mean that God is not helping America. Just like the example of chess I mentioned earlier and the example in the book of Judges, when American churches continue to fail and start to humble themselves and ask God for help, He will help them to stand up again and achieve victory in battles. So, not only do I disagree with many people's negative views on the future of American churches, but I am also full of hope and confidence in the future of American churches because when people realize that they need God's help, victory is not far away. However, I know that many people are discouraged by the negative state of American churches. Recently while studying for my Ph.D. at the United Theological Seminary, I met a man who pastors a United Methodist Church.  This church is located in an unsafe neighborhood  and there are only a few elderly people in the congregation. He told me that the Methodist Church is currently facing division because it questions the authority of the Bible and because of its approach to homosexuality.  This denomination was once one of the largest Christian denominations in the United States but its population has shrunk dramatically and is facing much division.   I have met many Christians in the said denomination who love the Lord with all their heart and who worry about their denomination's future and the future of the United States and this pastor is one of them. I tried to comfort him, saying that God's great revival would soon come to the United States, and American churches will have a good future.  This wasn't what he was seeing or experiencing, so I'm not sure if my words of encouragement had any effect. Since we are reading the book of Numbers, we should look at how God can achieve victory in battles, and how God's strategy and tactics are used. I might as well discuss a few points on this. First, God's strategy is roundabout and patient. We know of God's displeasure with those who lived in Canaan.  He called Abraham to come there and promised to give the land to Abraham and his descendants. Actually, God had already given this land to the Israelites. Just like in the New Testament, we are more than conquerors through the redemption of Jesus Christ. But the Israelites had to go through battles before they could finally enter the Promised Land. On the one hand, God told Abraham that the Amorites had not yet reached its full measure (NIV, Genesis 15:16), so Abraham and his descendants had to be slaves in Egypt for 400 years. When the time came, God would bring them into the Promised Land again. Do you know why God did this? On the one hand, God is giving the Canaanites time to repent; on the other hand, God is helping the Israelites build up strength because Abraham alone or his hundreds of followers didn't have enough power to drive all the Canaanites out. So God adopted a roundabout strategy, a strategic retreat. He let Abraham and his followers retreat to Egypt to recuperate, build up strength and multiply, waiting until their strength grew to the place that they were ready to fight and win. We've now covered the background of the book of Numbers. When the number of Israelites had multiplied to a point where more than 600,000 men were over 20 years old, it was then estimated that the number of Israelites exceeded 2 to 3 million, when you add women, children and the elderly.  Abraham's strength which was weak before, has now grown into millions of people who have the power to knock out the enemies of Canaan. Similarly, for the church to achieve final victory, it needs a process of building up strength. Consuming one's power too early is equivalent to dying. Christians and churches need to know how to build up their strength. But the enemy is very cunning. They often cause trouble, leading the church to fight. Just like Goliath's scolding, if you don't have enough strength and you fight Goliath rashly, you're on a dead-end street. But David is different. He has been accumulating power in the wilderness. By the time he came out to challenge Goliath, his power had been accumulated enough to defeat Goliath. When he was in the wilderness before, he had already defeated the lion and the bear with the help of God. I've heard that one of the reasons the Communist Party was able to gain victory and defeat the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) during the Chinese Civil War was  because the Kuomintang's strength at that time was concentrated on fighting the Japanese.  The Communist Party tried to avoid fierce conflict with the Japanese. Instead they concentrated on accumulating strength. There's a story,  about Peng Dehuai, a military leader of the Communist Party who launched the "Hundred Regiments Offensive" and was in direct conflict with the Japanese, but was blamed by Mao Zedong, because Peng Dehuai's military operations destroyed Mao's strategy. After the end of World War II, the Japanese were defeated, and the Kuomintang's strength was also exhausted. But the Communist Party's strength increased, so they were able to win the victory in the Chinese Civil War. Of course, this is just a story. We don't know if it is true or not. We are not discussing politics here. We are just using this example to illustrate the importance of accumulating strength. God knows the importance of accumulating strength very well. When the Israelites didn't have enough strength, He placed them in Egypt as slaves. On the surface, it seemed that the Israelites were slaves and were tormented by the Egyptians. This was God's good intention. The purpose was to let the Israelites multiply and be fruitful. Unfortunately, many Israelites kept complaining, and it wasn't until 400 years later that God heard their complaints and sent Moses to save them. Today, whether as individual Christians or church groups, God often puts us in a stressful environment to develop our character within, allowing us to multiply and be fruitful. But we don't always recognize God's good intentions and instead complain like the Israelites. There is a story about a type of bamboo in China called Mao Bamboo. When the farmers plant this bamboo on the first year, it is just an inch tall; in the second year, it grows an inch taller; in the third year, it grows an inch taller again; in the fourth year, it still grows an inch tall; but the farmers are working hard to keep it watered. By the fifth year, it will grow several feet tall every week, and within a year, it will be dozens of feet tall. Why? Because in the first four years, the bamboo has deepened its roots each year dozens of feet down in the ground. Although above ground, it seems to be only a few inches tall, it is deeply rooted in the ground, so when the fifth year comes, the bamboo can grow dozens of feet tall above ground in a year. Some people say that if the enemy can't take God's calling from you, he will let you fight prematurely when you are immature. Just like Moses, who tried to rely on his own power to save the Israelites when it wasn't time yet, leading him to get into trouble. He retreated into the wilderness for forty years and became a shepherd. It seemed like he was wasting time. But actually, Moses was accumulating strength. When the time came, God used him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. From my personal point of view, one of the biggest problems with the American church today is that the church or individual Christians don't have deep enough roots in their lives. If your spiritual roots are not deep enough, you can't withstand the enemy's attacks and trials. We must learn to accumulate enough strength to defeat the enemy. Many Christians lack a life that places equal emphasis on personal prayer and Bible reading. They also lack experiencing the transformation of the soul through the work of the cross. Therefore, the individual is superficial in their Christian life.  When trials and temptations from the enemy come, they are weak and shrink. The same goes for the church. Many people are saying that a great revival is coming, but without every Christian taking root in their lives, a great revival will not come. Even if it does, it won't last that long. The multiplication of life takes time, it doesn't happen overnight. It was like when the Israelites left Egypt, they had experienced 400 years of multiplying before they could finally form a huge army. Second, God's strategy is that His people have good leaders and that people obey these leaders. It would be a shame if God had many wonderful strategies and plans, but we don't have a leader like Moses, who can execute them. We must have a leader who can clearly hear the voice of God and express it well or a faithful and confident leader like Joshua, who could lead the Israelites into the Promised Land. But if the church leaders don't have a close relationship with God just like Moses, or have complete faith in God like Joshua, then naturally, God's people will often fail in battles. Satan often incites attacks against church leaders, causing them to fail. Once the church leaders fail, it is difficult for the church to prevail. Paul teaches us first to pray for political leaders in the world. Actually, the same is true for the church. We must pray for the church leaders. In addition to the church's need for such a leader, God's people also need to be obedient. We should be willing to obey God's reign and rule through Moses and Joshua. But God's people often rebel. For example, when the Israelites told Samuel they needed a king, Jehovah told Samuel that the Israelites did not dislike him, they disliked Jehovah as their king. Satan's strategy is often to attack God's chosen people, let them live in the spirit of rebellion, and make them refuse to obey any discipline. This type of situation, often used as an excuse against legalism, is the reality of rebelling against God. This spirit of rebellion is very popular in the culture of American society. It naturally affects the church. Third, God's strategy is to have the twelve tribes work together as one body with their own gifts. We are all members of the body of Christ. We are all imperfect. All of us have the calling and gifts of God. We need to come along side each other and work together. Each of the twelve tribes of God performs its own role. Each one is responsible for its own ministry. For example, the Bible specifically mentions the tribe of Issachar were men who understood the times (NIV, 1 Chronicles 12:32). In layman's terms, the said tribe has the gift of prophecy. They know what to do in a certain period of time. Each of us is a member of the body of Christ. As Paul said, “What no eye has seen, what no ear has heard.” (NIV, 1 Corinthians 2:9). But one of the tricks of the enemy is to let our fellow brothers and sisters sow discord, valuing their own gifts and calling but not recognizing the calling and gifts in others.  Or, conversely, clearly, they are eyes, but they are eager to do the work of a mouth. In the natural realm, people can't do their own job, nor can they unite and cooperate nor can the church win the war through the natural realm. In short, the book of Numbers is very rich. I hope that when we read the book of Numbers in the future, we can learn more about the battle strategies that God has created for us in His wisdom. I am deeply convinced that this will bring a lot of inspiration to the spiritual warfare that is happening in churches today.  

The Three Kingdoms Period is famous because of the historical novel: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It's a huge book written much later about this time period. In this episode we also talk about Zhuge Liang, one of the most famous people from this time period.

A short talk on Zhuge Liang, who lived in the three kingdoms era (early 3rd century) in China as a genius military advisor and strategist.

According to China he's regarded as second only to Sun Tzu, who literally wrote the book on war. According to historians, most of the stories about him never actually happened. According to HGT these stories are way too cool to ignore. We explore the man, the myth, the legend - Zhuge Liang: absolutely a statesman, definitely a general, possibly a wizard, and maybe the incarnate avatar of the God of Rock.

Neste episódio, Balbi recebe Aline Terumi para viajar um pouco na maionese e dessa vez eles trocam idéia sobre A Arte da Guerra, um tratado militar do século IV a.C., escrito por um grande estrategista chamado Sun Tzu, em que se exaltam as qualidades de um bom general: o segredo, a dissimulação e a surpresa. O tratado é composto por treze capítulos, cada qual abordando um aspecto da estratégia de guerra, de modo a compor um panorama de todos os eventos e estratégias que devem ser abordados em um combate racional. Planejamento Inicial (始計, pinyin: Shǐjì) Guerreando (作戰, pinyin: Zuòzhàn) Estratégia ofensiva (謀攻, pinyin: Móugōng) Disposições (軍行, pinyin: Jūnxíng) Energia (兵勢, pinyin: Bīngshì) Fraquezas e forças (虛實, pinyin: Xūshí) Manobras (軍爭, pinyin: Jūnzhēng) As nove variáveis (九變, pinyin: Jiǔbiàn) Movimentações (行軍, pinyin: Xíngjūn) Terreno (地形, pinyin: Dìxíng) As nove variáveis de terreno (九地, pinyin: Jiǔdì) Ataques com o emprego de fogo (火攻, pinyin: Huǒgōng) Utilização de agentes secretos (用間, pinyin: Yòngjiàn) Acredita-se que o livro tenha sido usado por diversos estrategistas militares através da história como Napoleão, Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Takeda Shingen, Vo Nguyen Giap e Mao Tse Tung, e agora o Café com Dungeon comenta como você pode utilizar esse tratado para pensarmos em estratégias pertinentes para jogos de RPG, principalmente aqueles que não são movidos pela aniquilação necessária dos inimigos. ** Quer ajudar com as nossas vinhetas? Manda o audio pro meu whatsapp! Grave no gravador de som do seu celular, de um local sem barulho ambiente, e envie para o meu whatsapp, falando o diálogo da vinheta clássica ou algo parecido: "Oi, quer café?""Café com que?""Café com Dungeon" O whatsapp/ telegram é este a+55 11 93087.9341 ***  CONSIDERE APOIAR O ROLÉ!!!! Torne-se um Assinante do Café,  com Dungeon, com planos a partir de R$5, e contribua para que voltemos a ter episódios 5x por semana e mais!https://picpay.me/cafecomdungeon Muito obrigado a todos os assinantes do nível Expresso - esse apoio ajuda demais; e muitíssimo obrigado aos apoiadores Café com Creme e Café Gourmet: Abílio JúniorAdriel Lucas Balieiro RodriguesAline MacielAndré Luiz Marcondes PontesBrayner SilvaCaio Messias CavazzanaCarlos SilvaCássio FélixCésar Roberto Milman Da SilvaDaniel NatãDenis LimaDiego BassinelloDiogo NogueiraDm QuiralEmanuel Max SousaErasmo BarrosFábio LuparelliFelipe EscosteguyFernando GuedesFranciolli AraújoFrancisco SiqueiraGeorge BonfimGersica Melchiades Glauber RochaGuilherme InojosaGustavo Baldez Oliveira DiasGustavo MuradGustavo PereiraHelber Del Bem MartinsHelder TorresJean PaesJoão Rafael Coelho Cruz E SousaJoao StorckJorge MonteiroLeandro FiamenghiLeonardo De Andrade CastilhoLeonardo Monteio De MoraisLeonardo OliveiraLuiz Eduardo RiconLuiz Felipe Pereira De SouzaMarcelo Pires BentesMarcos SouzaMatheus Amilton De SouzaNelson Mesquita Neudson Fernandes VasconcelosPatrícia BritoPaulo WeberPedro CocolaPedro WahRafael Caetano MingoranciRafael CruzRafael Da Rocha MassuiaRafael MoraesRafael RaposoRamon BezerraRaoni GodinhoRicardo MatteSamuel Francisco Alves GonçalvesSaulo ArideUlisses PachecoUlisses TasquetiVictor AntoniassiVictor MiguezXerxes Lins *** #Paracegover A capa traz o logo do Café com Dungeon, que é uma arte tipográfica de uma caneca com um d20 à sua frente e o nome do podcast em cima, como uma fumaça; tudo sobre um fundo preto, translúcido, que escurece uma ilustração chinesa de um guerreiro de armadura portando um arco. ____________________________________ O Café com Dungeon é um podcast oferecido pelo canal Regra da Casa. Siga nosso Instagram para um complemento visual de nosso conteúdo, além de anúncios, sorteios e atualizações.

Dari Kiyosaki, ROI, sampai Zhuge Liang. Kali ini kita bakal #MikirYangPenting tentang duit. Gw percaya ini adalah langkah awal menuju kebebasan finansial. Simak yuk!

☳ Because the Baguazhang 八卦掌 master moves in a circle, Heaven blesses the master with the ways of the sky. The Swimming Dragon form embodies the typhoon. Round and round it goes; this way and that. So that when the master has learnt the ways of Qigong ☳ 氣功 and Gongfu ☵ 功夫, the next level is Tianqi ☶ 天気 mastery. ☵ To be a good Tianqiren or Weatherman, a person must be good at reading the weather and then be able to plot the future direction of one's current state of affairs to a profitable outcome. ☶ This is more than just predicting weather patterns and seeing weather forecasts on the nightly News - It is about knowing where the storm will hit and to what severity, so that when the king asks "How will it impact my kingdom?" The Weatherman can follow up the most likely scenarios with the potential opportunities to follow. Which is what the king actually wants to know. ☰ Cyclonic weather patterns, freakish electrical storms, and plummeting celestial fireballs traditionally heralded the end of kingdoms and dynasties, the world over. While it is easy to hide behind modern science and dismiss these things as superstitions. Very few people realise that the underlying motivations of why scientists like to study these things is that 1) It gives them a certain amount of power and authority in these matters, and 2) For the government of the day, to ignore the warnings these events bring, can spell calamity. For, it is not the disasters themselves that are the concern but the direct impact on the people themselves and in turn their reaction to the disasters, should the government be seen as incompetent. ☷ And it is here, where the Tianqiren diverges from the weatherman of the nightly News. It is the Tianqiren's role to be able to read The Will of the people and know like the ocean currents, how the people will react, by when and by how much. And all of this is born out of repeated observations of how people actually do things and not what they say. ☱ Like here in Australia for example, after two weeks of social distancing, the word on the street is that people are starting to have had enough of the "we're in this together stuff" and there is a feeling of being under some sort of voluntary martial law. Which means that the restrictions - while meaning well - is starting to remind the men of the days when Australia was a penal colony. And for the women, it's starting to feel like social rejection because social intimacy is not allowed (except immediate family). On top of that, some medical experts are starting to suggest that anybody who is outside must wear a mask at all times, which sounds a lot like certain countries around the world. ☲ Now at the moment, nobody is advocating anything extreme but a good Tianqiren knows and would advise their boss that trouble is brewing when people start calling for heads to roll. And given that I am only using the Coronavirus COV-19 as a real-life working example of it having existed for only 5 to 6 months, the change in the kingdom's state of affairs has been shockingly fast! ☴ I understand that for most Baguazhang practitioners, the term Tianqiren is a new one and I have to admit that I first came across it in author Fonda Lee's novel 'Jade City', but given that Baguazhang is of Chinese origin, it is a better term to use than the Mafia's consigliere or the Chinese word for sage Zhi 智, which can also mean Saint. One of the best historical examples was Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 the strategist (181 - 234AD). A veritable great mountain in his own right.

For the final episode of Season 3 Laszlo closes with one of the classics from the Three Kingdoms era. Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang star in this drama played against the backdrop of the Battle of Red Cliff. Who hasn't fallen victim to something big or small that resulted when your best-laid plans didn't quite work out as you expected. For a full list of the terms used in this episode, please visit the website at teacup.media Want to support the CSP? Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/ChinaHistoryPodcast Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/chinahistorypodcastSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-chinese-sayings-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

For the final episode of Season 3 Laszlo closes with one of the classics from the Three Kingdoms era. Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang star in this drama played against the backdrop of the Battle of Red Cliff. Who hasn't fallen victim to something big or small that resulted when your best-laid plans didn't quite work out as you expected. For a full list of the terms used in this episode, please visit the website at teacup.media Want to support the CSP? Become a patron: https://www.patreon.com/ChinaHistoryPodcast Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/chinahistorypodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We say so long to the novel's pivotal player and wonder if he was really the genius the book made him out to be.

We say so long to the novel's pivotal player and wonder if he was really the genius the book made him out to be.

Jiang Wei's Northern invasion meets the same fate as Zhuge Liang's, while Sima Shi borrows a few pages from Cao Cao's playbook for how to deal with imperial puppets who don't know their place.

Jiang Wei's Northern invasion meets the same fate as Zhuge Liang's, while Sima Shi borrows a few pages from Cao Cao's playbook for how to deal with imperial puppets who don't know their place.

A stunning turn of events in the showdown between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.

A stunning turn of events in the showdown between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.

Again and again, Sima Yi is made to rue the day he stole Zhuge Liang's invention.

Again and again, Sima Yi is made to rue the day he stole Zhuge Liang's invention.

Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi match wits over the latest in wheelbarro

Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi match wits over the latest in wheelbarro

After another promising Northern campaign gets short-circuited, Zhuge Liang prays to his former lord for the strength to carry on, because he's made up his mind and he ain't wasting no more time.

After another promising Northern campaign gets short-circuited, Zhuge Liang prays to his former lord for the strength to carry on, because he's made up his mind and he ain't wasting no more time.

Just as he was getting into a groove, Zhuge Liang is rudely interrupted in the field by an urgent dispatch from his emperor.

Just as he was getting into a groove, Zhuge Liang is rudely interrupted in the field by an urgent dispatch from his emperor.

You've seen Zhuge Liang kill someone with just his tongue. Now watch him kill someone with the written word.

You've seen Zhuge Liang kill someone with just his tongue. Now watch him kill someone with the written word.

Zhuge Liang's third Northern expedition gets off to a promising start, but what else is new?

Zhuge Liang's third Northern expedition gets off to a promising start, but what else is new?

Zhuge Liang toys with Cao Zhen time and again on his second Northern expedition.

Zhuge Liang toys with Cao Zhen time and again on his second Northern expedition.

Zhuge Liang prepares to take another shot at Wei, but one old friend will not be joining him.

Zhuge Liang prepares to take another shot at Wei, but one old friend will not be joining him.

When his campaign takes a drastic turn for the worse, Zhuge Liang is forced to resort to a desperate gamble.

When his campaign takes a drastic turn for the worse, Zhuge Liang is forced to resort to a desperate gamble.

While the Wei forces have their hands full with Zhuge Liang along the border, a new threat lurks deep inside their territory

While the Wei forces have their hands full with Zhuge Liang along the border, a new threat lurks deep inside their territory

East Asia is such a super friendly place for foreigners with efficient subway or MRT lines throughout all major cities including Seoul, South Korea. All stations have English signs and all stops are announced in English. Namsan mountain is the most well-known of the four guardian mountains of Seoul with the famous landmark, Seoul N Tower topping the 262m peak. It’s not a challenging or particularly strenuous hike but it’s a nice break from the chaotic megalopolis below. It’s also a great way to join locals in their everyday activities and experience the fitness and hiking culture of the city. If you start your hike from the gondola station it’s extremely easy to find your way with signs in English everywhere. This is more like a vigorous walk in a park than a mountain hike. No rough trails to deal with. Stairs everywhere and there’s even rubberized sections of the trail to lessen the impact of hiking on a hard surface. When it comes to activities like this Koreans really know how to makes things comfortable. This may look like a road but it’s pedestrian only! On the way you’ll see sites you can check out like Waryongmyo, a Buddhist/Daoist/Shamanist Shrine dedicated to Zhuge Liang, a Chinese statesman and general who lived from 181-234 AD. As you meander up the trail you’ll start to get views of Seoul and the surrounding mountains. It’s a wonderful way to appreciated the city where half the population of the country lives. It’s easy to enjoy the serene atmosphere of the walk up Namsan. You’ll also have views of N Seoul Tower. The N stands for Namsan, nature and New look from a 2005 15 billion won remodelling project. Namsan is a popular place for Seoulites to visit on the weekend with many spots available for picnics and other outdoor activities. Namsan is considered Seoul’s principal park. It averages 23,000 visits a day. Every April a Cherry blossom festival takes place across Seoul with the longest avenue of Cherry trees anywhere in the city at Namsan mountain. There was a haze and clouds over the surrounding mountains of Seoul on the day I visited Namsan. There are 37 mountains in the greater Seoul area, many easily accessed by subway or bus. One of the most fascinating things I saw along the hike was Sukhojung, an archery field that dates back to 1630, still in operation today. Archery had played a prominent role in the defence of the country, particularly on Namsan mountain, one of the sites of The Fortress Wall of Seoul, the shield that protected the city from invaders. This outdoor gym was a sign I was getting closer to the direct stairs to the top of the mountain. As you get higher each step has a built in rubber cushion making it a little easier on the knees and joints. Koreans are real outdoor enthusiasts that also appreciate making the activity comfortable and convenient with covered rest areas, washrooms, and these wonderfully comfortable stairs. As I was on final approach to the top, with the tower now in direct sight the views opened up to show even though this is one of the most densely populated places in the world there are still large visible green spaces in greater Seoul. Follow Namsan’s portion of the Fortress Wall of Seoul, first constructed in 1396, and you’ll understand the strategic importance of the four guardian mountains and this wall that protected the city during the Joeson Dynasty. When I reached the top I was just in time for the patrolling and lighting ceremony reenactment of Namsan Bongsudae. There were 5 Bondsudae stations on Namsan during the Joeson Dynasty used to communicate political and military information to the king with beacons. Bongsu is the combination of the words bong, meaning torchlight, and su, meaning smoke. At the peak of the Joeson Dynasty there were 673 beacons located throughout the Korean peninsula. This Bongsudae on Namsan was reconstructed in 1993. It was an extremely warm and humid day so these sprinklers were a relief from the heat for everyone. More views directly under N Seoul Tower, which has been open to the public and showcasing views of the city and surrounding area since 1980. These locks underneath the tower are symbols of love from the countless dates that have taken place here over time. You can check out how many different languages love messages are written in, on these symbols of a forever lasting love. Or leave your own, but it looks like all the good views are gone. I like everyday activities, like cycling, hiking or walking in an urban area I’m visiting. The feeling of participating in the same daily workout or exercise that locals enjoy, like Namsan Mountain, makes me feel more engaged and like I’m actually living in the place rather than just being a sightseer or tourist. Next time you’re in Seoul, South Korea try hiking one of the mountains for a break from the busy city, a sense of touching everyday life, maybe even a little bit of history, and some pretty amazing views.

Wei forces sent to stop Zhuge Liang first try to out-talk him, and then try again to outsmart him.

Wei forces sent to stop Zhuge Liang first try to out-talk him, and then try again to outsmart him.

Matching wits with Zhuge Liang sounds like a horrible idea, but that won't stop multiple Wei officers from trying.

Matching wits with Zhuge Liang sounds like a horrible idea, but that won't stop multiple Wei officers from trying.

Zhuge Liang sends a 70-something general and a tax collector to lead the way for his Northern expedition.

Zhuge Liang sends a 70-something general and a tax collector to lead the way for his Northern expedition.

How do you appease the angry souls of the damned? Feed them buns that look like human heads and tell them death is no escape from imperial subjugation, apparently.

How do you appease the angry souls of the damned? Feed them buns that look like human heads and tell them death is no escape from imperial subjugation, apparently.

Zhuge Liang strolls into Meng Huo's house and makes himself at home.

Zhuge Liang strolls into Meng Huo's house and makes himself at home.

Zhuge Liang's army marches deeper into the heart of darkness and forgets to read the part in the travel guide about bringing bottled water.

Zhuge Liang's army marches deeper into the heart of darkness and forgets to read the part in the travel guide about bringing bottled water.

Zhuge Liang catches Meng Huo twice more with hardly any effort.

Zhuge Liang catches Meng Huo twice more with hardly any effort.

Zhuge Liang continues his campaign to win not only battles, but also barbarian hearts and minds.

Zhuge Liang continues his campaign to win not only battles, but also barbarian hearts and minds.

Zhuge Liang barely breaks a sweat while cruising through level 1 of his Southwestern quest.

Zhuge Liang barely breaks a sweat while cruising through level 1 of his Southwestern quest.

A long overdue farewell to Dongwu's military genius, who had the misfortune of being alive in the time of Zhuge Liang. Or at least, that's how the novel tells it.

A long overdue farewell to Dongwu's military genius, who had the misfortune of being alive in the time of Zhuge Liang. Or at least, that's how the novel tells it.

Chris Stewart of The History of China podcast discusses the Three Kingdoms period of China. Specifically, the conversation focuses on Wei, also known as Cao Wei, the polity would eventually bring about an end to the Three Kingdoms, though that unification would not last. We discuss the rise of Cao Cao and the decline of the Han, as well as the famous northern expeditions of Zhuge Liang. Also covered is the ascent of the Sima family, who would eventually supplant the Cao lineage and conquer the rival states of Shu and Wu. (78min)

Zhuge Liang delivers a heartfelt eulogy for a dearly departed friend, while Pang Tong shows how to advance your career by not doing your job.

Zhuge Liang delivers a heartfelt eulogy for a dearly departed friend, while Pang Tong shows how to advance your career by not doing your job.

Excerpts from "Hiking Seoul, South Korea's Guardian Mountains"East Asia is such a super friendly place for foreigners with efficient subway or MRT lines throughout all major cities including Seoul, South Korea. All stations have English signs and all stops are announced in English. Namsan mountain is the most well-known of the four guardian mountains of Seoul with the famous landmark, Seoul N Tower topping the 262m peak. It’s not a challenging or particularly strenuous hike but it’s a nice break from the chaotic megalopolis below. It’s also a great way to join locals in their everyday activities and experience the fitness and hiking culture of the city. If you start your hike from the gondola station it’s extremely easy to find your way with signs in English everywhere. This is more like a vigorous walk in a park than a mountain hike. No rough trails to deal with. Stairs everywhere and there’s even rubberized sections of the trail to lessen the impact of hiking on a hard surface.When it comes to activities like this Koreans really know how to makes things comfortable. This may look like a road but it’s pedestrian only!On the way you’ll see sites you can check out like Waryongmyo, a Buddhist/Daoist/Shamanist Shrine dedicated to Zhuge Liang, a Chinese statesman and general who lived from 181-234 AD. As you meander up the trail you’ll start to get views of Seoul and the surrounding mountains. It’s a wonderful way to appreciated the city where half the population of the country lives.  It’s easy to enjoy  the serene atmosphere of the walk up Namsan.   

Zhou Yu fools Cao Ren; Cao Ren fools Zhou Yu; Zhou Yu fools Cao Ren again; Zhuge Liang fools everyone; Zhou Yu bursts a blood vessel.

Zhou Yu fools Cao Ren; Cao Ren fools Zhou Yu; Zhou Yu fools Cao Ren again; Zhuge Liang fools everyone; Zhou Yu bursts a blood vessel.

A little Christmas morning stocking stuffer: A look at some of the guys that Zhuge Liang keeps getting compared to.

A little Christmas morning stocking stuffer: A look at some of the guys that Zhuge Liang keeps getting compared to.

Zhou Yu presents Zhuge Liang with an invented problem. Zhuge Liang delivers an outside-the-box answer.

Zhou Yu presents Zhuge Liang with an invented problem. Zhuge Liang delivers an outside-the-box answer.

Zhuge Liang has a little homonymical fun with Zhou Yu as they discuss whether the Southlands should fight or submit to Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang has a little homonymical fun with Zhou Yu as they discuss whether the Southlands should fight or submit to Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang burns another detachment of Cao Cao's troops, but there are plenty more where that came from.

Zhuge Liang burns another detachment of Cao Cao’s troops, but there are plenty more where that came from.

Zhuge Liang blazes to victory in his first battle, but Cao Cao turns up the heat on Jing Province.

Zhuge Liang blazes to victory in his first battle, but Cao Cao turns up the heat on Jing Province.

Warping back in time half a century, we take a different look at the Three Kingdoms through the eyes of Shu Han of Sichuan, its regent lord Zhuge Liang, and his five campaigns against the northern stare of Cao Wei between 228 and 234.  See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode, we explore the life and times of Zhuge Liang (181-234 AD). He's a very good example of a well-known name from Chinese history that many have heard of but aren't quite sure why. Zhuge Liang is mostly remembered for his cleverness and many consider him right up there with Sunzi (Sun Tzu) as far as the works of strategy and military science he left behind. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, we explore the life and times of the historical and cultural icon Zhuge Liang (181-234 AD). He’s a very good example of a well-known name from Chinese history that many have heard of but aren’t quite sure why. Zhuge Liang is mostly remembered for his cleverness and many consider him right up there with Sunzi (Sun Tzu) as far as the works of strategy and military science he left behind.  He was also a statesman and inventor. He's also immortalized in the Luo Guanzhong novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

กลุ่มดาวนายพราน ภาค 1 - ตำนานโอไรออน มิคสิระ วาระสุดท้ายของขงเบ้ง