Podcasts about gobi

Hear stories of underwater mailboxes, treehouse hotels, volcano boarding & meeting a 98-year-old Filipina tattoo artist. _____________________________ Subscribe to The Maverick Show's Monday Minute Newsletter where I email you 3 short items of value to start each week that you can consume in 60 seconds (all personal recommendations like the latest travel gear I'm using, my favorite destinations, discounts for special events, etc.). Follow The Maverick Show on Instagram ____________________________________ In Part 2 of this interview Jimena Serfaty talks about her experience exploring the Gobi desert in Mongolia, taking a hot air balloon in Laos, and embarking on a quest to find a legendary 98-year old tattoo artist in the Philippines.  She then talks about living in Australia and visiting Tuvalu where she ended up at a nigh club with the former Prime Minister.  Jime then describes her trip to Vanutu where she mailed a water-proof postcard from an under-water mailbox, stayed in a treehouse, and went volcano boarding.  She also describes visiting the island of Kiribati. Jime then talks us on her journey becoming a fully-remote entrepreneur, describes how she structures her travel lifestyle, and explains why she wants to travel to every country in the world. Finally she shares some of her best travel hacks and reflects on how all this travel has impacted her as a person.  FULL SHOW NOTES INCLUDING DIRECT LINKS TO EVERYTHING DISCUSSED ARE AVAILABLE HERE. ____________________________________ See my Top 10 Apps For Digital Nomads See my Top 10 Books For Digital Nomads See my 7 Keys For Building A Remote Business (Even in a space that's not traditionally virtual) Watch my Video Training on Stylish Minimalist Packing so you can join #TeamCarryOn  See the Travel Gear I Use and Recommend See HowI Produce The Maverick Show Podcast (The equipment, services & vendors I use) ____________________________________ ENJOYING THE SHOW? Please Leave a Rating and Review. It really helps the show and I read each one personally.  You Can Buy Me a Coffee. Espressos help me produce significantly better podcast episodes! :)

Celebramos con gusto un onomásrtico más. En esta ocasión nos da muchísimo gusto entrar en modo Shffle gracias al Señor German Ortega Gobi. Stardom celebra el 10mo aniversario de los hermanas Poi. Cubrimos el evento de la manera más morbosa posible. BOSJ 32 de la NJPW ha llegado a su fin. Revisamos el último día de esta celebración. ¿Les está gustando el formato de canciones? ¿Quieren especiales? ¿Alguna sugerencia para las playlist? Los escuchamos en esta ocación. NotiSquash y La Lucha sigue junto con el Metal que es Para Siempre.

Anne-Katrin und Mario haben sich als Kinder in Ulan Bator kennengelernt. Anne lebte dort zwei Jahre mit ihren Eltern, die Entwicklungshelfer der DDR waren. Mario stammt von mongolischen Eltern ab und hat seine gesamte Kindheit in Ulan Bator verbracht. Dann ging Mario nach Berlin, und die beiden setzten ihre frühe Kinderfreundschaft fort. Als Annes Eltern starben, fand sich in ihrem Nachlass neben anderen Dingen eine Flöte aus Menschenknochen, ein Ritualinstrument aus einem lamaistischen Kloster in der Wüste Gobi. Diese Flöte bringen Anne und Mario nun zurück an ihren Herkunftsort. – Ein wundervolles Radiostück, das belegt, dass man keine Bilder braucht, um sich etwas vorzustellen: Voller Klänge, voller Sehnsucht, voller Geschichten aus einem unbekannten Land… Von Mario Bandi (Produktion: DLR 2015)

„Chceme přistoupit k další etapě vedle Gobi, ten prostor bude věnován divokým velbloudům. Doufám, že ty domácí dvouhrbé velbloudy nahradíme výhledově těmi velmi vzácnými divokými, kteří ještě v žádné zoologické zahradě nejsou,“ přibližuje ředitel pražské zoo Miroslav Bobek. Začala také výstavba pavilonu Arktida a mezi novinky patří i mobilní aplikace.

„Chceme přistoupit k další etapě vedle Gobi, ten prostor bude věnován divokým velbloudům. Doufám, že ty domácí dvouhrbé velbloudy nahradíme výhledově těmi velmi vzácnými divokými, kteří ještě v žádné zoologické zahradě nejsou,“ přibližuje ředitel pražské zoo Miroslav Bobek. Začala také výstavba pavilonu Arktida a mezi novinky patří i mobilní aplikace.Všechny díly podcastu K věci Štěpánky Duchkové můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

In this episode, ultra-endurance athlete Lucja Leonard recounts her transformative experience running the Arizona Monster 300, a race that pushed her beyond her limits. She talks about her essential strategies for success in ultra-running, including the importance of sleep, hydration, nutrition, and terrain research. Lucja highlights how positive self-talk, mental resilience, and a supportive community played key roles in overcoming physical and emotional challenges. Her journey from a non-athlete to a seasoned ultra-runner offers inspiration and practical insights for anyone facing extreme endurance events. The episode also explores recovery as a vital skill, the inevitability of problem-solving, and how embracing discomfort fuels personal growth. Lucja's story is a testament to the mindset and preparation required for ultra-endurance success. Links to learn more about Lucja: Running Dutchie - coaching, speaking, etc Finding Gobi EP 706: Running Through Adversity to Find Joy - Episode with Lucja's husband, Dion and their dog, Gobi. Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Peluva, 15% off with code TRAILRUNNER Liquid IV, get 20% off your first order with code TRAILRUNNER Wonderful Pistachios Oikos Triple Zero FREE! Trail Runner Nation's Trail Triage app

De l'emblématique Sahara aux déserts polaires en passant par Gobi ou Atacama... Voyage au cœur des écosystèmes les plus grandioses et les plus fragiles de notre planète. Comment vivre dans ces milieux extrêmes ?  Partons pour un voyage fascinant au cœur des milieux désertiques de la planète. De l'emblématique Sahara aux déserts polaires en passant par Gobi ou Atacama, les déserts qu'ils soient de sable de pierre de sel ou de glace, sont présents sur tous les continents. Ils recouvrent plus d'un tiers des terres émergés ce sont les écosystèmes les plus grandioses et les plus fragiles de la planète. Ils nourrissent notre imaginaire mais aussi malgré leur aridité , de nombreux vivants (humains animaux végétaux) adaptés a ces milieux extrêmes. Vous avez dit désert mais pour qui ? Et de quoi parle t6on ?Émission sur l'exposition Déserts qui se tient au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle jusqu'au 30 novembre. Avec : Anthony Herrel, directeur de recherche CNRS, spécialiste en anatomie comparée, morphologie fonctionnelle et biologie de l'évolution (au Muséum) Denis Larpin, responsable scientifique des collections végétales tropicales des jardins botaniques du Muséum Vincent Battesti, chercheur CNRS en anthropologie sociale, ethnoécologue (au Muséum)Musiques diffusée dans l'émission : Tinariwen – Amoss IdjrawMari Boine – Vuoi Vuoi MuÀ écouter aussiQuand le Sahara n'était pas un désert, les secrets d'un paradis perdu

De l'emblématique Sahara aux déserts polaires en passant par Gobi ou Atacama... Voyage au cœur des écosystèmes les plus grandioses et les plus fragiles de notre planète. Comment vivre dans ces milieux extrêmes ?  Partons pour un voyage fascinant au cœur des milieux désertiques de la planète. De l'emblématique Sahara aux déserts polaires en passant par Gobi ou Atacama, les déserts qu'ils soient de sable de pierre de sel ou de glace, sont présents sur tous les continents. Ils recouvrent plus d'un tiers des terres émergés ce sont les écosystèmes les plus grandioses et les plus fragiles de la planète. Ils nourrissent notre imaginaire mais aussi malgré leur aridité , de nombreux vivants (humains animaux végétaux) adaptés a ces milieux extrêmes. Vous avez dit désert mais pour qui ? Et de quoi parle t6on ?Émission sur l'exposition Déserts qui se tient au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle jusqu'au 30 novembre. Avec : Anthony Herrel, directeur de recherche CNRS, spécialiste en anatomie comparée, morphologie fonctionnelle et biologie de l'évolution (au Muséum) Denis Larpin, responsable scientifique des collections végétales tropicales des jardins botaniques du Muséum Vincent Battesti, chercheur CNRS en anthropologie sociale, ethnoécologue (au Muséum)Musiques diffusée dans l'émission : Tinariwen – Amoss IdjrawMari Boine – Vuoi Vuoi MuÀ écouter aussiQuand le Sahara n'était pas un désert, les secrets d'un paradis perdu

Kia ora e te whānau. Bryon Powell is a legend. The founder of iRunFar, an Ultramarathon runner and returning Dirt Church Radio Champion. In this week's episode of DCR, Bryon speaks with Ali and Andrew about the lessons he learnt and the stories he shared in his lifetime, packed into three days, winning the incredible Ultra Gobi 400km. Dirt Church Radio - Best Enjoyed RunningBryon Powell on Instagram iRunFar Sign up to the DCR AidStation newsletterDirt Church Merch!The Squadrun 4-Week Training Trial for DCR Listeners!Dirt Church Radio on InstagramDirt Church Radio on Facebook Further Faster New ZealandEnjoy!Music by Andrew McDowall, Digicake

Officiellement éteint dans les années 1970, le plus ancien cheval sauvage a été réintroduit avec succès 40 ans plus tard en Mongolie, sa terre d'origine, notamment grâce au travail d'une association française, Takh, installée dans le sud de la France, sur le Causse Méjean.  (Rediffusion du 22/09/2024)C'est un paysage de steppes. De rares arbustes surgissent des herbes jaunies par un été solaire, chaud et sec. Nous ne sommes pas en Mongolie, mais sur le Causse Méjean, dans les Cévennes françaises, dans le sud du Massif central, où vivent les plus anciens chevaux sauvages de la planète, des chevaux de Przewalski, une espèce pourtant portée disparue il y a une quarantaine d'années dans les steppes mongoles. « C'est un petit peu au petit bonheur à la chance de les croiser ici », prévient Pauline Jouhanno, de l'association Takh (takh, en mongol, signifie cheval sauvage), créée en 1990 pour la sauvegarde et la renaissance du cheval de Przewalski. Et on peut dire qu'on a de la chance, en ce matin du mois d'août. Devant nous, à une dizaine de mètres, se trouvent deux équidés paisibles, au gabarit proche du poney, robe beige, le bas des pattes zébré : deux chevaux de Przewalski que nous présente Julie Morisson, médiatrice scientifique au sein de l'association Takh. « Guizmo et Rouquet, deux étalons célibataires qui sont juste de l'autre côté de la clôture, en position de repos, en tête-à-queue pour que la queue de l'un chasse les mouches des yeux de l'autre. Vous ne sentez pas une différence ici qu'il n'y avait pas tout à l'heure quand on marchait ? Il y a du vent ! Il n'y a pas d'arbres, donc quand il fait très chaud, le cheval de Przewalski va chercher le courant d'air. »Steppe cévenoleEn plein été, il fait chaud sur le Causse Méjean, ce haut plateau vallonné dans le département de la Lozère, à 800 mètres d'altitude. Chaud l'été et froid l'hiver, comme en Mongolie, la terre d'origine du cheval de Przewalski. Ici, ce sont 40 chevaux qui vivent en semi-liberté, dans deux enclos de 400 hectares au total, sans contact avec l'humain, dans un paysage semblable aux steppes de Mongolie – nous sommes dans la steppe cévenole. « C'est très aride, très nu, décrit Pauline Jouhanno. On a ce qu'on appelle des pelouses calcaires. Le sol calcaire ne permet pas à l'eau de rester en surface, tout s'écoule, ce qui fait que la végétation est très rase, très sèche. »Les premiers chevaux de Przewalski (l'espèce doit son nom occidental à un colonel russe d'origine polonaise qui l'a « découverte » à la fin du XIXe siècle) sont arrivés sur le Causse en 1993. En provenance de zoos, parce qu'à l'état sauvage, le cheval sauvage avait complètement disparu – un dernier individu avait été aperçu en 1969 dans le désert de Gobi. « Lorsque les Européens sont allés chercher des poulains de Przewalski en milieu naturel pour les mettre dans des zoos au début des années 1900, la stratégie à l'époque était d'abattre la totalité des adultes accompagnant les poulains, raconte Julie Morisson. Forcément, c'est une espèce qui sait très bien se défendre. Face à un stress, elle s'organise socialement pour faire face aux prédateurs. »Unis face aux prédateursMais puisqu'on n'est pas un prédateur, peut-on le caresser, ce cheval sauvage ? « Non, pas du tout ! Socialement, ils vont tellement s'organiser de manière puissante que même si vous ne connaissez pas le comportement des chevaux, vous allez vous douter qu'il faut arrêter de s'approcher ! », sourit Julie Morisson, qui a sorti une paire de jumelles pour observer au loin d'autres chevaux, avant qu'ils ne repassent derrière la colline.En 2004, l'association Takh a envoyé en Mongolie une vingtaine de ses chevaux. Un programme de réintroduction réussi. « C'est plutôt rassurant de voir qu'en Mongolie ces chevaux arrivent à se reproduire, à survivre et à continuer de se défendre face aux attaques de loups. On a eu quatre attaques avérées de prédation de loup sur poulain en une vingtaine d'années seulement, donc c'est plutôt prometteur. » Plusieurs centaines de chevaux de Przewalski vivent aujourd'hui en Mongolie, grâce à l'association Takh et d'autres programmes de réintroduction. Officiellement déclaré « éteint à l'état sauvage » dans les années 1970, le cheval de Przewalski n'est aujourd'hui plus qu'une espèce « en danger ». Une espèce ressuscitée.

En este episodio exploramos la participación de los Giovani Fascisti, jóvenes voluntarios italianos, en la defensa de Bir el Gobi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aislados en el desierto libio, estos jóvenes lucharon con determinación y resistencia frente al asedio de las fuerzas británicas y aliadas entre 1940 y 1941. Analizamos cómo el enfrentamiento, más simbólico que estratégico, fue explotado por la propaganda fascista como un ejemplo de heroísmo y sacrificio. La batalla de Bir el Gobi revela tanto el extremismo ideológico de aquellos años como las duras realidades de la guerra en el Norte de África. Una historia olvidada que merece ser redescubierta. Te lo cuentan Pablo Gallego, Iñaki Aldasoro y Dani CarAn. Casus Belli Podcast pertenece a 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. Casus Belli Podcast forma parte de 📀 Ivoox Originals. 📚 Zeppelin Books (Digital) y 📚 DCA Editor (Físico) http://zeppelinbooks.com son sellos editoriales de la 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. Estamos en: 🆕 WhatsApp https://bit.ly/CasusBelliWhatsApp 👉 X/Twitter https://twitter.com/CasusBelliPod 👉 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast 👉 Instagram estamos https://www.instagram.com/casusbellipodcast 👉 Telegram Canal https://t.me/casusbellipodcast 👉 Telegram Grupo de Chat https://t.me/casusbellipod 📺 YouTube https://bit.ly/casusbelliyoutube 👉 TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@casusbelli10 👉 https://podcastcasusbelli.com 👨💻Nuestro chat del canal es https://t.me/casusbellipod ⚛️ El logotipo de Casus Belli Podcasdt y el resto de la Factoría Casus Belli están diseñados por Publicidad Fabián publicidadfabian@yahoo.es 🎵 La música incluida en el programa es Ready for the war de Marc Corominas Pujadó bajo licencia CC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ El resto de música es bajo licencia privada de Epidemic Music, Jamendo Music o SGAE SGAE RRDD/4/1074/1012 de Ivoox. 🎭Las opiniones expresadas en este programa de pódcast, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de quienes las trasmiten. Que cada palo aguante su vela. 📧¿Quieres contarnos algo? También puedes escribirnos a casus.belli.pod@gmail.com ¿Quieres anunciarte en este podcast, patrocinar un episodio o una serie? Hazlo a través de 👉 https://www.advoices.com/casus-belli-podcast-historia Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like, ya que nos da mucha visibilidad. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. ¿Quieres anunciarte en este podcast? Hazlo con advoices.com/podcast/ivoox/391278 Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Es ist heute der große Reisepodcast. Hier werden alle Fragen zu eurer nächsten Fernreise bantwortet, egal ob Tegernsee oder Mongolei. Zu letzterem Urlaubsziel haben die beiden noch eine Spezialistin in dieser Ausgabe an Board.

As Season 12 reaches its climax we continue our globetrotting continues. This week we're joined by Mexican ultra-marathon tour de force, Tania Carmona. She's been on an incredible adventure this last 12 months and she's here to tell us all.Hailing from Mexico City Tania finds herself now based in Dubai, a destination she reached via Glasgow, a city she called home for 4 years.Tania hates running. Let's get that straight, she just isn't a fan. However, we find out that running brings her much joy and she embraces new experiences, mental challenges and broadening horizons.Tania is about to leave for Chile's Atacama Desert, finishing her year-long Grand Slam of Deserts PLUS quest. This thrilling expedition has taken her to some of the most challenging and diverse deserts around the world, including the Sahara, Gobi, Antarctic and Namib deserts.Each location has tested her endurance and skills, and now she faces the final stretch in the arid and expansive Atacama Desert, known for its stark landscapes, ancient geoglyphs, and unique wildlife!Such far flung adventures seems far off as we find out from Tania how she got bitten by the ultra-marathon bug during her time spent in Scotland, entranced by the beauty and remoteness of the landscapes. Who knew the Gobi dessert was just like a humid Pentlands?Tania, who hosts her own podcast, Ultra Happy Podcast, provides valuable insights into her planning and execution of stage races she has completed. She discusses various aspects including training, logistics, motivation, and nutrition.We had such a great chat with Tania about her unique ultra-marathoning approach, and we're sure you'll love it too!Tania Carmona InstagramLeodhais Macpherson VideoLeodhais Macpherson Fundraiser

Fluent Fiction - Mandarin Chinese: Desert Dilemma: Li Ming's Journey to Self-Discovery Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/zh/episode/2025-03-19-22-34-01-zh Story Transcript:Zh: 在春天的戈壁沙漠，天地一片开阔，黄沙如海浪翻滚。En: In the springtime, the Gobi Desert stretches out vast and open, with yellow sands rolling like ocean waves.Zh: 李明是一位地质学家，他喜欢探索古老的化石。En: Li Ming is a geologist who loves exploring ancient fossils.Zh: 他总是怀疑自己的能力。En: He often doubts his own abilities.Zh: 和他一起在沙漠探险的还有陈伟和小兰。En: Accompanying him on his desert adventure are Chen Wei and Xiao Lan.Zh: 他们在沙漠的远方寻找古生物的痕迹。En: They are searching for traces of prehistoric life in the far reaches of the desert.Zh: 李明的目标是找到一种罕见的化石。En: Li Ming's goal is to find a rare fossil.Zh: 他希望能证明自己的能力，并在地质学界获得认可。En: He hopes to prove his abilities and gain recognition in the field of geology.Zh: 一天，他们离开营地，踏上了一段新的旅程。En: One day, they leave their camp and set off on a new journey.Zh: 沙漠在春天容易出现沙尘暴，但他们还是决定冒险一试。En: In spring, sandstorms are common in the desert, but they decide to take the risk and try their luck.Zh: 正当太阳在天空中高照时，突然风声大作，沙粒如雨般袭来。En: Just as the sun is high in the sky, suddenly, the wind picks up fiercely, and sand particles rain down like a storm.Zh: 沙尘暴袭击了他们，风暴迅速地包围了四周，视线在瞬间模糊。En: A sandstorm strikes them, quickly surrounding them and obscuring their vision.Zh: 陈伟喊道：“我们必须找到避难所！En: Chen Wei shouts, "We must find shelter!"Zh: ”李明心中纠结，他渴望找到化石，但也知道留在外面会很危险。En: Li Ming is torn, eager to find fossils but aware that staying outside could be dangerous.Zh: 他们试着寻找避难所，却在一片沙丘之间转来转去。En: They attempt to find shelter but find themselves wandering among the dunes.Zh: 就在风沙最猛烈之际，李明隐约看到了地上一块石头，那轮廓像是一块极为罕见的化石。En: Just as the wind and sand reach their peak, Li Ming catches sight of a stone on the ground, vaguely resembling a rare fossil.Zh: 他的心跳加速，手心冒汗。En: His heart races, and his palms become sweaty.Zh: 这是千载难逢的机会，可他也清楚继续留在这里可能意味着生命危险。En: It is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, yet he knows that staying might mean risking their lives.Zh: 思考片刻，他决定放弃化石，带着伙伴迅速撤退。En: After a moment's thought, he decides to abandon the fossil and quickly retreat with his companions.Zh: 他们终于找到了一个临时避难的地方。En: They eventually find a temporary shelter.Zh: 风暴过后，李明望着远方，意识到自己的价值不仅仅是靠发现。En: After the storm, Li Ming gazes into the distance, realizing that his worth is not solely determined by discoveries.Zh: 他明白了生命和安全的重要性。En: He understands the importance of life and safety.Zh: 他们返回营地，彼此都感到轻松许多。En: They return to camp, all feeling much relieved.Zh: 经历这一劫难后，李明不再怀疑自己的决策能力。En: After experiencing this ordeal, Li Ming no longer doubts his decision-making abilities.Zh: 他与陈伟和小兰一起，把这次经历当成一堂宝贵的课，感激自己做出明智的选择。En: Together with Chen Wei and Xiao Lan, he regards this experience as a valuable lesson, grateful for having made a wise choice.Zh: 在戈壁的风沙中，李明学会了相信自己，明白了自我保护胜于外界的认可。En: Amidst the sands of the Gobi, Li Ming learns to trust himself, understanding that self-preservation is more important than external validation. Vocabulary Words:vast: 开阔exploring: 探索fossils: 化石traces: 痕迹prehistoric: 古生物的recognition: 认可sandstorms: 沙尘暴particles: 沙粒obscuring: 模糊shelter: 避难所eager: 渴望resembling: 像sweaty: 冒汗opportunity: 机会retreat: 撤退temporary: 临时ordeal: 劫难trust: 相信self-preservation: 自我保护validation: 认可dunes: 沙丘reaches: 远方journey: 旅程strikes: 袭来fiercely: 大作torn: 纠结vaguely: 隐约abandon: 放弃decision-making: 决策

Prêts à embarquer pour une aventure émouvante aux confins de la Chine ? Dans cet épisode, on explore "Black Dog", le drame poignant de Hu Guan (Oui j'ai dis Gu Huan tout l'épisode, désolé ...) qui a envoûté le Festival de Cannes.Suivez Lang, un ancien cascadeur incarné par Eddie Peng, qui retourne dans son village natal après une décennie derrière les barreaux. Chargé de capturer les chiens errants avant les Jeux olympiques de 2008, il noue une amitié inattendue avec un chien noir mystérieux.On décode ensemble cette fable moderne sur la rédemption et l'amitié, tout en s'émerveillant devant les paysages saisissants du désert de Gobi. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Jean-Marie Guénois reçoit Olivier Landron pour « La famille catholique du XIXe siècle à aujourd'hui » au Cerf. On y constate combien les grandes évolutions qui ont marqué la famille ont divisé les catholiques : divorce, contraception, avortement, mariage pour tous, PMA... À chaque nouvelle loi apparaissent de nouveaux clivages, et séparent peu à peu société civile et institution ecclésiale. Jusqu'où ? Marie-Lucile Kubacki a écrit « Jésus en Mongolie », au Seuil. Comment les chrétiens mongols vivent-ils leur foi et leur identité dans leur situation de minorité ? Là-bas, l'Église est en construction, portée par l'enthousiasme des débuts, et doit s'adapter à un environnement culturel bien différent de ceux qu'elle connaît ailleurs. Des tentes aux portes du désert de Gobi, à la cathédrale d'Oulan-Bator et ses gratte-ciel : et si ces premiers chrétiens avaient un message à adresser à ceux qui craignent d'être un jour les derniers ? Christian Charrière-Bournazel interroge « Bernanos, pèlerin infatigable », paru aux éditions Marie Romaine. Analysant les personnages du grand Georges ou ses lettres, l'ancien bâtonnier du barreau de Paris renouvelle notre regard sur l'oeuvre du grand romancier, sa vision de l'enfance et de l'adolescence, de la justice, de l'espérance. Une émission coproduite par KTO, le Jour du Seigneur et La Procure.

The khulan - a species of wild equid - is a true nomad, covering distances unmatched by any other land mammal. Yet, their survival in Mongolia's harsh Gobi desert is a constant battle. Populations already strained by overhunting and harsh winters – exacerbated by climate change – are now facing a growing threat from rapid road and railway construction, which fragments the landscape and cuts them off from essential resources. Now, WCS is developing innovative solutions that benefit both this vital species and the local communities that share its habitat. WCS wishes to thank Cartier for Nature for their invaluable support of WCS Mongolia's efforts with local communities.  To learn more about Cartier for Nature visit cartierfornature.org.We also extend our deepest gratitude to Fondation Segré for their commitment to khulan conservation in Mongolia.  To learn more about Fondation Segré, visit fondationsegre.org.Reporting: Hannah KaplanGuests: Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar, Bayarmaa Chuluunbat, Batbayar Galtbalt

Es gibt gute Gründe, warum Deutschland zB. eher für sagen wir mal Atombombenabwürfe als die Herstellung erotischer Filmkunst geeignet ist. Zum Glück gibt es Halina Reijn aus den benachbarten Niederlanden, die transatlantisch einen smarten Spin auf den erotischen Thriller der 80er und 90er in die Kinos bringt. Nicole Kidman ist ganz wunderbar in BABYGIRL. Fantastisch. Sagen Flimmerfreunde. Mehr Meisterwerke gefällig? LA COCINA fühlt sich magisch an und realistisch, wie ein 90er Jahre Indiefilm in genial, hinter den Kulissen eines NY Restaurants und bei der migrantischen Arbeitsmacht, die Land und Leute am Leben erhält. BLACK DOG aus China ist eine weitere prächtige Perle, kleiner Noir mit großer Kraft vom Rande der Wüste Gobi. Toll. Außerdem, das Offensichtliche, immer fortwährende, STAR WARS - SKELETON CREW, die Goonies im Weltall und diesmal immerhin mehr als Gähnen auf Couch. Es gibt keinen Gott, aber HERETIC im Kino, Hugh Grant in seiner besten Form als religiös allwissender Horrorhaus Besitzer. Last, vielleicht not least? CRIMINAL SQUAD 2, heißt Action von der europäischen Atlantikküste, die gerne Michael Mann als er noch uneingeschränkt klar ging wäre und irgendwas anderes ist. Ansonsten, höchste Dichte von Meisterwerken in einer Episode jemals.

Bugün 30Aralık 2024 #doğatakvimi Kızıldeniz'de 'ateşli cüce gobi' sanılan, yeni bir balık türü keşfedildi: 'Huysuz cüce gobi'. Boyu sadece 2 cm olan bu balık, parlak kırmızı mercanlarla kamufle oluyor ve köpek dişleriyle avlanıyor.

Resumen informativo con las noticias más destacadas de Colombia del Domingo 29 de diciembre 10:00am

Last time we spoke about the Long March. Amidst escalating conflicts, the Red Army, led by the newly empowered Mao Zedong, faced immense pressures from the Nationalist Army. Struggling through defeats and dwindling forces, they devised a bold retreat known as the Long March. Starting in October 1934, they evaded encirclement and crossed treacherous terrain, enduring heavy losses. Despite dire circumstances, their resilience allowed them to regroup, learn from past missteps, and ultimately strengthen their strategy, securing Mao's leadership and setting the stage for future successes against the KMT. During the Long March (1934-1936), the Red Army skillfully maneuvered through treacherous terrain, evading the pursuing National Revolutionary Army. Despite harsh conditions and dwindling numbers, advances and strategic ploys allowed them to cross critical rivers and unite with reinforcements. Under Mao Zedong's leadership, they faced internal struggles but ultimately preserved their unity. By journey's end, they had transformed into a formidable force, setting the stage for future victories against their adversaries and solidifying their influence in China.   #131 The Complicated Story about Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. I've said probably too many times, but theres one last major series of events I'd like to cover before we jump into the beginning of the 15 year war between China and Japan. When I say Xinjiang I imagine there are two responses from you in the audience, 1) what the hell is Xinjiang or number 2) oh what about that place in northwest China. That pretty much sums it up, the history of this province, or region if you want to call it that is almost never spoken about. It was a place as we have seen multiple times in the series, where conflicts come and go like the weather. But in the 1930's things really heated up. What I want to talk about is collectively part of the Xinjiang Wars, but more specifically I want to talk about the Kumul Rebellion. There's really no way to jump right into this one so I am going to have to explain a bit about the history of Xinjiang.  Xinjiang in a political sense is part of China and has been the cornerstone of China's strength and prestige going back to the Han dynasty over 2000 years ago. In a cultural sense however, Xinjiang is more inline with the Muslim dominated middle-east. It's closer to th Turkic and Iranian speaking peoples of Central Asia. From a geographical point of view Xinjiang is very much on the periphery. It is very isolated from western asia by the massed ranks of the Hindu Kush, the Pamirs, the Tien Shan, the Indian Subcontinent of Karakoram, Kunlun, the Himalaya ranges and of course by the Gobi desert. It neither belongs to the east or west. As a province of China its the largest and most sparsely populated. It can be divided into two main regions, the Tarim Basin and Zungharia and then into two lesser but economically significant regions, the Ili Valley and Turgan Depression. The Tien Shan mountain range extends roughly eastward from the Pamir Massif, creating a formidable barrier between Zungharia and the Tarim Basin. This natural obstacle complicates direct communication between the two regions, particularly during winter. The Ili Valley, separated from Zungharia by a northern extension of the Tien Shan, is physically isolated from the rest of the province and can only be easily accessed from the west. This western area came under Russian control in the mid-nineteenth century and now forms part of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Now it has to be acknowledged, since the formation of the PRC in 1949, Xinjiang changed in size and ethnic composition. The CCP drove a massive Han migrant wave over. Regardless, Han's make up a minority and according to some population statistics taken during the 1940s, Xinjiang was dominated by 7 Muslim nationalities, roughly 3.5 million people out of a total population of 3.7 million. 200,000 of these were Han settlers, while 75,000-100,000 were Mongols, Russians, Tunguzic peoples (those being Sibo, Solon and Manchu), a few Tibetans, Afghans and Indians. Among the various indigenous Muslim nationalities of Xinjiang, the Uighurs stand out as the most numerous and politically important. This Turkic-speaking group primarily consists of sedentary agriculturalists who reside in the oases of the Tarim Basin, Turfan, Kumul, and the fertile lowlands of the Hi Valley. In the late 1940s, the Uyghur population in Xinjiang was estimated to be approximately 2,941,000. Following the Uyghurs, the second-largest Muslim nationality in the region is the Kazakhs, with an estimated population of around 319,000 during the late Republican Period. Kirghiz come in third, with an estimated population of about 65,000 at the same time. Both the Kazakhs and Kirghiz in Xinjiang are nomadic Turkic-speaking peoples, with the Kazakhs primarily found in the highland areas of Zungharia and the Hi Valley, while the Kirghiz inhabit the upland pastures of the Tien Shan and Pamirs. There also exist a small group of Iranian-speaking 'Mountain' Tajiks living in the upland Sarikol region in the far southwest, with an estimated population of 9,000 in the mid-1940s; a primarily urban group of Uzbeks residing in larger oasis towns and cities of the Tarim Basin, numbering approximately 8,000 in the mid-1940s; and a smaller group of Tatars settled mainly in Urumqi and the townships near the Xinjiang-Soviet border, estimated at 5,000 during the same period. Lastly, it is important to mention the Hui, a group of Chinese-speaking Muslims dispersed throughout China, particularly in Zungharia and Kumul within Xinjiang, as well as in the neighboring northwestern provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia. Known as 'Tungan' in Xinjiang, the Hui population was estimated at around 92,000 in the mid-1940s and held significant political and military influence during the Republican Period. Excluding the Ismaili Tajik's of Sarikol, the Muslim population of Xinjiang, whether Turkic or Chinese speaking, are Sunni following the orthodox of Hanafi Madhhab.  As for the non Muslim population, excluding the Mongols who numbered roughly 63,000 and inhabit a narrow strip of land along the northeastern frontier between Xinjiang and the Mongolian People's Republic, Tien Shan, Ili Vally and Chuguchak, most were newcomers, migrants from the mid 18th century while the region was being conquered. Again according to the same statistics from the 1940s I mentioned, Hans represented 3-4 % of the population. Although the Han population disproportionately held power with the main administrative areas, they had no sizable territorial enclaves. The Han population can basically be divided into 5 groups; descendants of exiled criminals and political offenders; Hunanese settlers who came over after Zuo Zungtang's conquests; Tientsin merchants who were supplying Zuo's army; Shanxi caravaneers who came to trade and Gansu colonists. Lastly there were the Tunguzic Peoples and Russians. The Tunguzic speaking Sibo, Solon and Manchu settled mostly in the Ili region. The Russians also tended to live in the Ili region. These were mostly White Russian refugees from the civil war.  Xinjiang's first Republican governor was Yang Zengxin, a Yunnanese native. He had previously worked as the district magistrate in Gansu and Ningxia earning a reputation as a good manager of the local Tungan Muslim population. In 1908 he was transferred to Xinjiang and quickly found himself promoted to by the last Qing governor of Xinjiang. He held out his post after the Xinhai revolution and quelled a Urumqi rebellion soon after. Yang Zengxin's survived politically by always siding with whichever faction he thought was winning. For example in 1917, President Li Yuanghong dispatched Fan Yaonan to watch over Yang and try to replace him if possible. Yang recognized quickly whichever Warlord faction held power over the Beiyang government should be courted. Thus Yang held out for a long time and his province was comparably peaceful compared to most of warlord era China. To maintain his power, Yang enacted a divide and rule style, trying to placate the conflicts between certain groups within Xinjiang, but made sure to exclude Russian influence. Basically Yang tried his best to keep groups who could come into conflict away from each other, keeping the Uyghurs of southern Xinjiang away from the pastoral nomads of Zungharia and Tien Shan. Above all Yang considered the Bolshevik Russians to be the greatest threat to his regime, in his words “The Russians ... aimed at ... isolating the country from all outside influence, and at maintaining it in a state of medieval stagnation, thus removing any possibility of conscious and organised national resistance. As their religious and educational policy, the Russian administrators sought to preserve the archaic form of Islam and Islamic culture. . . Quranic schools of the most conservative type were favoured and protected against any modernist influence”. During his 16 year of power, Yang established himself as a competent autocrat, a mandarin of the old school and quite the capable administrator. Yet his economic policies were long term exploitative causing hardship and exhausting the province. Yang realized he was reached the threshold of what the population was willing to endure and endeavored to allow corruption to emerge within his administration provided it remained within acceptable limits. IE: did not spring forward a Muslim revolution. He opened junior positions in the administration to Muslims which had a duel effect. It made the Muslim community feel like they were part of greater things, but placed said officials in the path of the populations anger, insulating senior Han officials. Ironically it would be his fellow Han Chinese officials who would become angry with him. Some were simply ambitious of his power, others felt that Xinjiang should be more closely inline with China proper.  Rumors have it that after a dinnr party, Yang deliberately surrounded himself with opium addicts, stating to his subordinates “the inveterate opium smoker thinks more of his own comfort and convenience than of stirring up unrest among his subordinates”. Needless to say, Yang later years saw him seriously alienating senior officials. By 1926 he claimed “to have created an earthly paradise in a remote region” so he seemed to be quite full of himself. That same year he turned against his Tungan subordinates. He accused many of conspiring with Ma Qi, a Tungan warlord of Xuning in Qinghai, whom he also thought were driven by Urumqi. Deprived of his formerly loyal Tungans, Yang found himself increasingly isolated. A expedition was sent to Urumqi in 1926, whr G. N Roerich noted “The Governor's residence consisted of several well-isolated buildings and enclosed courtyards. The gates were carefully guarded by patrols of heavily armed men ... The Governor's yamen seemed to us to be in a very dilapidated condition. The glass in many of the windows on the ground floor was broken and dirty papers and rags had been pasted on the window frames. Numerous retainers roamed about the courtyards and villainous bodyguards, armed with mauser pistols, were on duty at the entrance to the yamen.” It seems likely Yang had decided to leave Xinjiang at that point. He had amassed a immense personal fortune and sent much of it to his family in China proper and also to Manila where he had a bank account. Further evidence of this was provided by Mildred Cable and Francesca French, two members of the China inland Mission who reported 'Wise old Governor Yang ... as early as 1926 ... quietly arranged a way of escape for his family and for the transference of his wealth to the security of the British Concession in Tientsin. Later in the same year, accompanied by several 'luggage cases of valuables', Yang's eldest son was sent out of Sinkiang, travelling incognito, in the company of these missionaries”. It was also at this time Yang erectd a statue of himself in th public gardens at Urumqi. According to Nicholas Roerich, this memorial was paid for with forced contributions 'from the grateful population'; by all accounts the statue was in execrable taste . While the NRA was marching upon Beijing in June of 1928, Yang ordered the KMT flag to be raised in Xinjiang. This gesture indicated to all, Yang was about to depart the province. One of Yang's most dissident subordinates, a Han named Fan Yaonan decided to act. Fan Yaonan was an ambitious modernist who received his education in Japan and someone Yang distruste from day one. Fan was appointed the post of Taoyin of Aksu by the Beijing government, an appointment Yang could have easily ingored, but was grudgingly impressd by Fans abilities. Fan proved himself very useful to Yang and was soon promoted to the Taoyin of Urumqi alongside becoming the Xinjiang Provincial Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. It seems Fan and Yang mutually disliked each other. At some point in 1926 Fan got together with a small group of like minded officials, such as the engineer at Urumqi's telegraph station and the Dean of the local school of Law, and Fan told them he wanted to assasinate Yang. Some believe Fan sought to gain favor with the KMT as motivation. Regardless on July 7th of 1928, 6 days after Yang took the post of Chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial Government under the KMT, Fan attacked. On that day, Yang was invited to a banquet to celebrate a graduation ceremony at the Urumqi law school. Fan had arranged the banquet, with 18 soldiers present, disguised as waiters wearing “red bands around their arms and Browning pistols in their sleeves”. During the meal, Fan proposed a toast to the health of Yang at which time “shots rang outsimultaneously, all aimed at the Governor. Seven bulletsin all were fired, and all reached their mark. Yang, mortally wounded, but superb in death, glared an angry defiance at his foes, 'who dares do this?' he questioned in the loud voice which had commanded instant obedience for so many years. Then he fell slowly forward, his last glance resting upon the face of the trusted Yen, as though to ask forgiveness that he had not listened to the advice so often given to him”. According to Yan Tingshan who was also wounded, Fan Yaonan finished Yang Zengxin off with two shots personally. After the assassination, whereupon 16 people were killed or wounded, Fan went to Yang official residence and seized the seals of office. He then sent a letter summonig Jin Shujen, the Commissioner for Civil Affairs in Xinjiang and Yang's second in command. Jin called Fan's bluff and refusing to come, instead sending soldiers to arrest the assassin. It seems Fan greatly miscalculated his personal support as a short gun battle broke out and he was arrested by Jin and shortly thereafter executed with his complices on July 8th. And thus, Jin Shujen found himself succeeding Yang, a less able man to the job. Jin Shujen was a Han Chinese from Gansu. He graduated from the Gansu provincial academy and served for a time as the Principal of a Provincial normal school. He then entered the Imperial Civil Service, where he came to the attention of Yang, then working as the district Magistrate at Hozhou. Yang took him on as district magistrate and Jin rose through the ranks. By 1927 Jin became the Provincial Commissioner for Civil Affairs at Urumqi. After executing Fan, Jin sent a telegram to Nanjing seeking the KMT's official recognition of his new role. Nanjing had no real options, it was fait accompli, they confirmed Jin into office and under the new KMT terminology he was appointed Provincial Chairman and commander-in-chief. In other words an official warlord.  Following his seizure of power, Jin immediately took steps to secure his newfound power. His first step was to double the salaries of the secret police and army. He also expanded the military and acquired new weaponry for them. Politically, Jin maintained the same old Qing policies Yang did, pretty much unchanged. Jin did however replace many of the Yunnanese followers under Yang with Han CHinese from Gansu. Jins younger brother, Jin Shuxin was appointed Provincial Commissioner for military affairs at Urumqi and his other brother Jin Shuqi was given the senior military post at Kashgar. His personal bodyguard member Zu Chaoqi was promoted to Brigade Commander at Urumqi. Jin maintained and expanded upon Yang's system of internal surveillance and censorship, like any good dictator would. According to H. French Ridley of the China Inland Mission at Urumqi “people were executed for 'merely making indiscreet remarks in the street during ordinary conversation”. Jin also introduced a system of internal passports so that any journey performing with Xinjiang required an official passport validation by the Provincial Chairman's personal seal, tightening his security grip and of course increasing his official revenue. Travel outside Xinjiang became nearly impossible, especially for Han officials and merchants seeking trade with China proper.  Under Jin Xinjiang's economy deteriorated while his fortune accumulated. Yang had introduced an unbacked paper currency that obviously fell victim to inflation and Jin upted the anty. Within a process of several stages, he expanded the currency, causing further inflation. Under Yang the land taxes had been a serious source of the provincial revenue, but Yang was not foolish enough to squeeze the Turkic peasantry too hard, he certainly was intelligent enough to thwart peasant revolts. Jin however, not so smart, he tossed caution to the win and doubled the land taxes, way past what would be considered the legal amount. Jin also emulated Ma Fuxiang, by establishing government monopolies over various profitable enterprises, notably the gold mine at Keriya and Jade mine at Khotan. He also monopolized the wool and pelt industry, using his police and army to force the sale of lambskins at a mere 10% of their market value. Just as with Yang's regime, wealth flowed out of the province in a continuous stream, straight into banks within China proper. According to George Vasel, a German engineer and Nazi agent hired to construct airfields in Gansu during the early 1930s, he knew a German pilot named Rathje who was secretly employed by Jin to fly a million dollars worth of gold bullion from Urumqi to Beijing. Jin did his best to keep all foreign influence out of Xinjiang and this extended also to KMT officials from China proper. Jin also of course did his best to conceal his corrupt regime from Nanjing. For all intensive purposes Jin treated Xinjiang like a feudal, medieval society. He tried to limit external trade to only be through long distance caravans. All was fine and dandy until Feng Yuxiang occupied Gansu and thus disrupted the traditional trade routes. Alongside this the Soviets had just constructed a new railroad linking Frunze, the capital of Kirghiz with Semipalatinsk in western siberia. This railroad known as the Turksib was aimed primarily to develop western Turkstan, integrating it within the new soviet system. The railroad was constructed 400 miles away from the Xinjiang frontier, on purpose to limit any activities with capitalists. When the railway was completed in 1930 it virtually strangled Xinjiang. China's share of Xinjiang's market dropped by 13% and the value of trade with the Soviets which had dropped to zero since the Russian civil war was not rising past 32 million roubles by 1930. The Soviet trade gradually was seizing a monopoly over Xinjiang and this of course affected the merchants and workers who were unable to compete. The revenue of the merchants and workers declined as new taxes were levied against them. Meanwhile alongside an increase in Soviet trade, the new railway also increased Soviet political influence over Xinjiang. It was also much faster and easier to travel from China proper to Xinjiang via Vladivostok, the trans-siberian railway and Turksib than across the North-West roads of China. For the Turkic speaking Muslims of Xinjiang, it was quite impressive and many wanted to do business and mingle with the Soviets. However to do so required a visa, and thus KMT officials in Nanjing held the keys. Jin's policies towards the Turkic Muslims, Tungans and Mongols were extremely poor from the very beginning. It seems Jin held prejudice against Muslims, some citing bad experiences with them in Gansu. Whatever the case may be, Jin rapidly antagonized both his Turkic speaking and Tungan Muslim citizens by introducing a tax on the butchering of all animals in Xinjiang and forbidding Muslims to perform the Hajj to Mecca. Some point out he did that second part to thwart a loophole on leaving Xinjiang for trade. Obviously the Muslim majority of Xinjiang and the military powerhouse of Torgut Mongols in the Tien Shan bitterly resented Jin. Despite wide scale hostility against him, the first challenges at his autocratic rule came not from various minority groups, but some ambitious Han officers under his command. Palpatin would say it was ironic.  In May of 1929 the Taoyin of Altai attempted a coup against Jin, but he was forewarned and able to confine the fighting to the Shara Sume area. In the spring of 1931 troubles broke out in Urumqi as discontented Han officers and soldiers attacked Jin's yamen. The attack failed, and the instigators of the plot were all executed. The same year, Jin annexed the Kumul Khanate, known to the Chinese as Hami, finally pushing the Turkic speaking Muslims into open rebellion. Going back in time, after Zuo Zengtangs reconquest of Xinjiang in the 1870s, a few local principalities were permitted to survive on a semi-autonomous basis. Of these Kumul was the most important and was ruled by a royal family dating back to the Ming Dynasty and descended from the Chaghatay Khans. The Khanate of Kumul dominated the chief road from Xinjiang to China proper and was therefore of strategic importance to the Chinese. It extended from Iwanquan northwards to the Barkul Tagh and along the mountains to Bai and south to Xingxingxia along the Xinjiang-Gansu border. During the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, Maqsud Shah was sitting on the throne of Kumul. He was known to the Chinese as the Hami Wang, to his subjects as Khan Maqsud or Sultan Maqsud and to Europeans as the King of the Gobi. He was the last independent Khan of Central Asia as the rest were tossing their lot in with the progress of the times. During Yangs regime he was content with allowing Kumul to train its semi autonomous status, mostly because Maqsud Shah was very friendly towards the Chinese. He spoke Turkic with a marked Chinese accent and wore Chinese clothes. On the other hand he had a long whit beard and always wore a turban or Uyghur cap. He was a staunch Muslim ruling a petty oasis kingdom from an ancient and ramshackle palace in Kumul proper, one of three towns making up the capital of Kumul, known to the Chinese as Huicheng. He had a bodyguard consisting of 40 Chinese soldiers armed with mausers and had a Chinese garrison billeted in fortified Chinese town. The third city in his domain was known as New City or Xincheng, populated by a mix of Chinese and Turkic peoples. By 1928, shortly after the assassination of Yang, it was estimated Maqsud Shah ruled over roughly 25,000-30,000 Kumulliks. He was responsible for levying taxes, dispensing justice and so forth. His administration rested upon 21 Begs, 4 of whom were responsible for Kumul itself, 5 others over plains villages and the other 12 over mountain regions of Barkul and Karlik Tagh. Maqsud Shah also maintained a Uyghur militia who had a reputation as being better trained than its Chinese counterpart at Old City. Throughout Yangs regime, Kumul remained relatively peaceful and prosperous. Maqsud Shah paid a small annual tribute to Urumqi and in return the Xinjiang government paid him a formal subsidy of 1200 silver taels a year. Basically this was Yang paying for the Sultans compliance when it came to moving through his strategic Khanate. For the Uyghurs of Kumul, they were free from the typical persecution under Chinese officials. The only tax paid by citizens of Kumul was in livestock, generally sheep or goats, given annually to the Khan. The soil of the oasis was rich and well cultivated. Everything was pretty fine and dandy under Yang, but now was the time of Jin. In March of 1930, Maqsud Shah died of old age. His eldest son Nasir should have inherited the throne of Kumul, but Jin and his Han subordinates stationed in Kumul Old City had other plans. Shortly after Maqsud Shah's death, Nasir traveled to Urumqi, most likely to legitimize his rise upon the throne. Nasir was not very popular amongst his people, thus it seemed he needed Jin's aid to bolster him. However there also was the story that it was Jin who ordered Nasir to come to Urumqi to perform a formal submission. Now at the time of Maqsud Shah's death, Li Xizeng, a Han Chinese divisional commander stationed in Kumul suggested to Jin that the Khanate should be abolished and annexed officially. There was of course a great rationale for this, if Jin took control over Kumul it would offer increased revenue and new positions for his Han Chinese officials. Thus Jin ordered a resolution be drawn up by his ministers to abolish the Khanate, dividing Kumul into three separate administrative districts, Hami centered around the capital, I-ho and I-wu. When Nasir arrived in Urumqi he was given the new position of Senior Advisor to the provincial government, but forbidden to return to Kumul. Basically it was the age old government via hostage taking. Meanwhile another official named Yulbars was sent back to Kumul with a group of Chinese officials to set up the new administration.  While the people of Kumul had no love for Nasir and were taxed pretty heavily by his father, this did not mean that they wanted the Khanate to end. For the Turkic Muslims the Khanate held a religious significance. For Uyghurs there was a question of national pride associated with it. Of course there were economic issues. Within Xinjiang Han were allowed to settle, but in the Khanate there were restrictions. In the words of the Nanjing Wu Aichen on the situation “subject peoples obstinately prefer self-government to good government”. Well Jin's government was definitely not good, so what outcome does that give? The newly appointed Han administration upset the people of Kumul from the very minute of its installation. When it was announced the privilege of being except from direct taxation by Urumqi was to be abolished, ompf. To add insult to injury, one years arrears of taxes were to be collected from the Uyghurs. On top of that, Kumul was tossed wide open to Han settlers who were incentivized to settle by giving them a tax exemption for two years. Yeah that be some wild policies. To add even more misery, Kumul being situated on the chief road from northwestern Gansu to Xinjiang saw an enormous flow of refugees from famine and warfare going on in Gansu. A column of these refugees were seen by Berger Bohlin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition of 1931. His account is as follows “During my stay at Hua-hai-tze I witnessed a curious spectacle. The Chen-fan region had for a number of years been visited by failure of the crops and famine, and large numbers of people therefore emigrated to more prosperous tracts. Such an emigration-wave now passed Hua-hai-tze. It consisted of a caravan of 100 camels, transporting 150 persons with all their baggage to Sinkiang, where it was said that land was being thrown open”. It seemed to Bohlin that the refugees looked carefree and happy and that the ruler of Xinjiang, Jin Shujen, a Gansu man himself was enthusiastic to have them come settle his province. Jin had his official in charge of I-ho district Lung Xulin provide land for the would-be settlers coming from Gansu. Lung Xulin responded by forcing his Uyghur population to leave their cultivated land and simply handed it over to the refugees. The expropriated Uyghurs were compensated for their land by being given untilled lands on the fringe of the desert where most soil was barren. The Uyghurs were also assessed for their land tax based on their old holdings. To make this even worse hear this, untilled land was exempt from taxation for two years, so they didn't even get that, while the Gansu refugees were excused from tax payments for three years. So yeah the Kumul people quickly organized a petition and sent it to the yamen in Urumqi. There was zero acknowledgement from the yamen it was received and nothing was done to address the long list of grievances, especially from the Uyghurs. Instead the Gansu settlers kept flooding in and with them the price of food skyrocketed, largely because of the enormous amount of provincial troops sent in to watch over everybody. Now for the moment the Turkic speaking Muslims in the region remained relatively peaceful, and this perhaps lulled Jin into a false sense of security. But according to Sven Hedin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition “Discontent increased; the people clenched their teeth and bided their time; the atmosphere was tense and gloomy. Inflammable matter accumulated, and only a spark was needed to fire the powder magazine.”  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The history of Xinjiang is unbelievably bizarre, complicated and quite frankly really fun. Before researching this I had no idea about anything and am really enjoying this as I write it. The next episode is going to be on the Kumul Rebellion, so buckle up buckaroo. 

Today's a Flashback Friday and a 10th episode! This one is from 230, published last  December 5, 2011. Join Jason Hartman as he and author of “Quirk”, Hannah Holmes explore human personality types and how they affect who we become, whether extroverted, conscientious, agreeable, or even neurotic or obnoxious. Is it possible that our hard-wired brain chemistry can even determine our political opinions and economic views? Research has shown that mice have personalities, and somewhere out there, perhaps in your own basement, is a mouse just like you. Hannah Holmes has led an adventurous life since graduating from the University of Southern Maine. She was an editor at the New York-based Garbage Magazine in the late 1980s, after which she returned to Maine to start a freelance writing career. She was a contributor in a variety of magazines. In the late 1990s, Hannah was recruited by the Discovery Channel Online for an experiment called live internet reporting. This grand experiment led her to distant and uncomfortable parts of the world, from hunting dinosaurs in Mongolia's Gobi desert, to the Montserrat Volcano Observatory, where fine volcanic ash ruined her computer and left her hair like a ball of jute twine. She also piloted the Alvin submarine around “black smokers” a mile and a half under the ocean. It was a glorious era until Discovery.com's plug was pulled. Hannah then went on to author several books, “The Secret Life of Dust,” “Suburban Safari: A Year on the Lawn,” and her recent book, “Quirk,” about the many fascinating personality types. Hannah's blog can be found at www.HannahHolmes.net.   Follow Jason on TWITTER, INSTAGRAM & LINKEDIN Twitter.com/JasonHartmanROI Instagram.com/jasonhartman1/ Linkedin.com/in/jasonhartmaninvestor/ Call our Investment Counselors at: 1-800-HARTMAN (US) or visit: https://www.jasonhartman.com/ Free Class:  Easily get up to $250,000 in funding for real estate, business or anything else: http://JasonHartman.com/Fund CYA Protect Your Assets, Save Taxes & Estate Planning: http://JasonHartman.com/Protect Get wholesale real estate deals for investment or build a great business – Free Course: https://www.jasonhartman.com/deals Special Offer from Ron LeGrand: https://JasonHartman.com/Ron Free Mini-Book on Pandemic Investing: https://www.PandemicInvesting.com  

Chu Chai Chu je zgodnje otroštvo preživela v jami na robu puščave Gobi. Pred 800 leti je njen prednik dobil od vladarja goro in vas. Postali so znani kot »jezni ljudi«. Življenje v puščavi je bilo trdo, a hkrati prepleteno z magijo. Živeli so z volkovi in jih častili, saj znajo stopiti skupaj za dosego skupnih ciljev.

Sometimes, life's greatest challenges lead to its most meaningful moments and change our lives. Dion Leonard joins The Nation to tell one of his stories that might motivate you to embrace resilience, foster kindness, and value the connections that make life extraordinary. Ultra-runner and author Dion Leonard shares his journey through his remarkable transformation from an overweight, heavy-drinking smoker to a decorated endurance athlete. Dion shares the pivotal moments that defined his path, including a half-marathon bet that set him on the road to health and his life-changing encounter with a stray dog named Gobi during the Gobi Desert ultramarathon. Dion reflects on the themes of resilience, personal growth, and the impact of kindness—lessons that extend far beyond the trails. Check out his New York Timse best-selling book, Finding Gobi: A LIttle Dog with a Very Big Heart.  Learn more about Dion Leonard HERE Episode Sponsors: Janji, Use code TRAILRUNNER for 10% off Shokz, Use code TRN10 for 10% off Tifosi Optics 20% off with code TRN20 AquaTru: use code TRAILRUNNER for up to 20% off any water purifier Trail Runner Nation's Trail Triage app

Join us for a woodland wander with adventurer, author and tree lover, Al Humphreys. The 2012 National Geographic Adventurer of the Year has cycled round the world, rowed the Atlantic and walked across India, but now focuses on pursuits closer to home. Pioneering the concept of microadventures, Al explains how exploring small pockets of nature in our neighbourhoods helps us to better connect with and care for the environment. He speaks of enabling young people to embrace wild places, and encourages us to take time to be curious and astonished as we discover new places on our doorstep. Don't forget to rate us and subscribe! Learn more about the Woodland Trust at woodlandtrust.org.uk Transcript You are listening to Woodland Walks, a podcast for the Woodland Trust presented by Adam Shaw. We protect and plant trees for people to enjoy, to fight climate change and to help wildlife thrive. Adam: Today I am off to meet an author and adventurer, and there's a title you don't get to say, or indeed hear very much. He's the author of a whole ton of books, including Microadventures, which I want to talk to him specifically about, but also books called the Doorstep Mile, Local, There Are Other Rivers, Grand Adventures, Moods of Future Joys, Midsummer Mornings, Thunder and Sunshine, and I could go on and on. And I'm meeting him at a Woodland Trust site called Ashenbank Wood. It's a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is teeming with extraordinary wildlife. So we'll be talking a bit about the woods and a bit about the sort of adventures he's been on and the sort of adventures we might all be able to go on. Anyway, I'll let him introduce himself. Al: My name's Alastair Humphreys. I'm an adventurer and a writer and tree lover. Adam: Which sounds very exciting. So when you say you're an adventurer, what does that sort of mean? Al: Well, I was slightly hesitant to say that because I confess I feel more like an ex-adventurer, but I have spent pretty much all my career going off doing big adventures and then coming home and writing and speaking and making films about them. So they've gone ever smaller. I began by spending four years cycling around the world, I've rowed across the Atlantic Ocean, walked across the Empty Quarter desert, played my violin incredibly badly through Spain, and then gradually smaller onto what I call microadventures. So, encouraging people to find short, simple, affordable adventures close to home and squeezing around their busy daily lives. Adam: So that's interesting. You talk about the mini adventures. On a previous podcast we talked to the natural navigator, I don't know. Al: Ohh yes, Tristan. Well, he could tell you a lot more intelligent things than I can. He's great. Adam: No, but I think he took very much the similar view of yours. He went, I've done all these big adventures. But actually when you're doing these big adventures, it's all about tech, you know, and I needed satellite link ups and all sorts of stuff. And actually I wasn't, I was really looking at screens all the time. And he was going, the smaller adventures are actually much more revolutionary, because if you go low tech, that's a proper adventure. Just trying to find your way through a wood is a real adventure in a curious sort of way, even more challenging than doing something which sounds really flash. Al: Yes. And what Tristan's done fantastically is taking those skills from bigger journeys down to his literal daily life, hasn't he? If you, I get an e-mail from him, I think it's weekly or so and it just essentially says, where am I now and which way am I facing? And from his little clues in the local park, he can tell whether it's north, south, east, and west. Adam: Yes. No, you're right. I tried. I was very bad at that. And what I've learned, I've already forgotten. So tell me a little bit about why your connection to nature, then, how important that is to you, if at all. Al: So I had a nice, happy childhood growing up in the countryside, so as a kid I spent a lot of time running around the fields and woods and streams and things, so I suppose that hammers something deep into your subconscious, although you don't really notice it necessarily as a kid. Adam: Where whereabouts was that? Al: In the Yorkshire Dales. Adam: Ohh, God's own country. Amazing place. Al: Yes. Lovely part of the world. Yeah, so I really enjoyed that, and then my big expeditions, I've spent a lot of time in some of the world's really wild places and that's a fantastic backdrop to your adventures. But actually my – oh, and I also did a zoology degree. Although I found it incredibly boring, and now looking back I find it amazing that you can find something like that boring. But it's taken me stopping the big adventures, slowing down, paying attention to my local area to build a deeper connection with nature. And I don't know if that's partly just me getting old as well, I suspect there is an aspect of that. But whereas in my youth I was sort of cycling moderately quickly across continents and now pottering around small little parks and I have time to be astonished in a way that you don't necessarily when you're on a big A to B kind of journey. Adam: Yes, yes, there's the mechanics of getting you somewhere so challenging. Al: Yes, and you're on a mission. The mission is to go from A to B and not die, and to succeed. And that's all quite, and the backdrop of it all is this wonderful nature. But the things I've been doing more recently, then nature has come to the forefront. I'm not really doing any big, exciting mission. And therefore the paying attention to the small bits of nature and the changing seasons comes to the forefront. Adam: Yes, I did, I was just going to stop here. We're by one of the Woodland Trust sign posts about fungi and deadwood and the importance of that. We can talk a bit about that. But I was just thinking about what you said. I did an expedition across the Gobi in Outer Mongolia. I was working in Outer Mongolia, and it was, you're right, it was more interesting in retrospect. Because when I was there, we were just very concerned about the mechanics of the day. Getting through the day, making sure we weren't lost, getting food, all of that, rather than go ‘this is quite an interesting place'. Al: Yes. Adam: Whereas, because we didn't meander, you go, I think the importance of meandering and almost lost time, and in a way, I think, boredom. I mean, it was interesting to talk about kids, you know, I don't know if you've got kids, but I think there's a lot of pressure on people to keep the kids busy, get them to this class, to do this, do this, do this. Actually the importance of just going, you know, ‘they're bored now, they'll just go do something', is quite interesting. Al: Yeah. And I think that's a fantastic aspect of it, a bit of woodland like this, isn't it? Is to bring some kids here and essentially say there is nothing to do here, but equally you can do whatever you want. So go on, clear off. Off you go, go climb some of these trees, pick up some sticks, rummage around, see what you find. And that's the great thing of a woodland like this. Adam: Yeah. Do you have kids? Al: I do, yes. Adam: Well, how old are they? Al: Well, they are entering the dreaded teenage phase. So the um, it's really interesting, actually, because they're completely addicted to their screens and that would be their preferred choice would be to live in a damp, dark, smelly cave and never emerge. But when I drag them by their hair kicking and screaming into a wood like this, they're grumpy for a couple of minutes and then I just say clear off, go away and then they love it. And there's a real physical and mental transformation that's clear, when you can, once they get out here. Adam: Yeah. So I think that's interesting. And as a parent and everything, I just wonder what your take is on trying to engage a younger generation with nature and whether that's difficult, how you do it and whether we should be doing that, is that a concern of us or just, you know, let people do what they want? Al: I think it's a massive, massive concern and I also think it's extremely difficult. These screens are deliciously alluring. That's how they're designed. You know, if I was a kid today, I'd love to be just scrolling mindlessly through a thousand videos of people falling off their bikes. If it's endlessly addictive. So I think it's very, very hard and being a parent is exhausting. It's quite easy to not bother with the kicking and screaming, going to the woods, but I think it's really, really vital to do and the reward of when you get them out is of seeing how transformative that is for them, but also for yourself is really good. So yeah, I think screens are a massive problem. I think the nature disconnection of our society is a huge problem, both in terms of our physical health, our mental health, but also with our ignorance to the decline of species and the loss of wild places. So I think it's an enormous problem. Adam: And I mean you know, you're a broadcaster, you create a huge amount of content yourself. So I think there's an interesting question about how to frame that, because I fear then talking about all the trees are disappearing and wildlife is dying and that it turns, well, everybody, but perhaps especially younger generations off. They go, well if it's that blooming terrible, well, I'd just rather be on my screen. So how do you get that tone right, do you think? Al: That's a question that I've been thinking a lot about, particularly over the last year or so. I've just finished writing a book, which is all about exploring your local area, and when I wrote the book, in the early months of it, it was very much a moaning, ranting disaster book that everything's doomed and that it's all ruined. But as I was reading through my drafts, I was thinking, geez, this is this is, well, no one's going to read it for a start. But also, it's not going to encourage anyone. But as the project went on, I realised that I didn't need to frame it like that, because I could look at it another way, which was how much I personally was loving getting out into these small pockets of nature, what benefits I was getting and how much I was enjoying it. And then the more that I personally enjoyed it, the more I start to become connected and the more I start to care and the more hopefully I start to take action. So I think you're exactly right to try and frame it as a positive thing of saying hey, get out into X, Y and Z for these fantastic reasons and then hopefully the fixing the planet part will take care of itself, once there's enough people enthused. Adam: Yeah, interesting. Well, look, we'll carry on, but I said we stopped at this post. So the many dead and decaying trees you find here play a vital role in Ashenbank Wood's ecosystem. And that's a theme you'll see in lots of Woodland Trust places where deadwood is actually allowed to stay. In fact, it's not just allowed to stay, it's positively encouraged because of the fungi and the invertebrates, and then all the way up to the different sorts of animals that can live off that. So what looks like sort of untidiness is sometimes a real sort of oasis of life. Al: And this woodland here was completely smashed by the huge hurricane in 1987. So I think more than most woodlands, there's a lot of fallen down trees in this wood, which I suppose previously would have been carted off and chopped up for firewood or something. Adam: So let's, I mean, we're walking down this idyllic sort of dappled light, coming through the canopy of the still full roof of this of this woodland. So this is really idyllic, but take me somewhere else. So tell me about those adventures that you've had in these distant lands. Were there any particular that stand out for any particular reason? Al: Well, given that we're talking about trees, I spent 10 weeks, I think it was, on the frozen Arctic Ocean, up near the North Pole, which was a fantastic expedition itself, but the small detail that sticks with me now is that to get up there, you fly to Canada, then you fly to some smaller place in Canada and the planes gradually get smaller and smaller and the safety regulations get more and more lax till you're on the plane with people with rifles and harpoons and stuff. But up to this tiny little community right up in the north of Canada and the people - I went to visit the primary school there in the morning just to chat to the kids about my adventures and stuff. And they were chatting about my adventures and they were, the little kids there were amazed that I'd never seen a polar bear. And my riposte to them was along the lines of but you've never seen a tree! Where they where they lived, there were no trees, literally none above the tree line, and that really struck me, what it would be like to grow up in a place with zero trees. I mean, you get polar bears, which is pretty cool, but I'd be sad to have no trees. Adam: Yes, yeah, yes. And what was their view of that? Do they go well, I've never seen that, don't miss. Or were they interested in that? Al: Yeah, well, I guess everyone's normal is normal, isn't it? You know, they're going to school on skidoos and things like that. And so, yeah, it's just fascinating to see the different people's views of normal in the world. And before I started my big adventures, one of the motivating factors for me wanting to go off around the world was that I found where I lived incredibly boring, as a lot of young people do. Oh my goodness, where I live is the most boring place in the universe. I need to go far, far away. And it took me going far, far away to realise that actually the stuff I'd left behind is pretty fascinating in its own way. If only you're willing to pay attention to it. Adam: Yes, gosh, it sounds almost like a line from one of Tolkien's books. There you do a long adventure to find true interest is nearer to home. So I know you've written lots of things, but you've got a book just come out. So yeah, tell me, what's that book about then? Al: So I've written a book that's called Local, and it's about spending a whole year exploring only the single Ordnance Survey map that I happen to live on. So, the whole of Britain's divided up into about just over 400 Ordnance Survey maps. So wherever you live, you could go to your local bookshop and buy your local map. And what I'm trying to do is encourage people to do that and to realise how much new, undiscovered stuff is on their doorstep. Woodlands, footpaths, hills, fields but also towns, villages. What's behind the industrial yards? Like a proper exploring curiosity to your own backyard. Adam: And how much area does one of those maps cover then? Al: It's the orange Ordnance Survey maps. They're more detailed. So it's roughly 20 kilometres by 20 kilometres. Adam: Right. So a fair amount. Al: It's a fair amount, but I've also in previous time spent a year crossing an entire continent, so in that sense it felt incredibly tiny to me. And when I began the project, I thought ‘this map is so small, it's going to be so claustrophobic and so boring'. But actually, by the end of the year, I realise, wow, actually it's enormous. I haven't even begun to cover everything on the map. Adam: So what sort of things did you find there that was a surprise to you, then? Al: So what I did every week, I would go out once a week for the whole year and my rule was to explore one grid square a week. So a kilometre square chosen at random and the random was really important because if it wasn't random, all I would do is just choose all the nice bits of woodland around my map. But by making it random, it sent me off to towns and suburbs and motorway junctions and all sorts of random stuff. And I discovered a few things. The first thing I discovered was how little I knew this area that I thought I knew very well indeed. The second thing that I realised was that, yeah, of course it's nice to go out to woods and hills and streams and stuff, but also I was surprised how much I loved the forgotten grid squares, the abandoned bits, the broken down, fallen down, behind the warehouse kind of landscapes. Like what's behind the supermarket car park? And I found in these forgotten edgelands a real sense of wildness and solitude that I didn't get in somewhere lovely. And this wood we're in now is lovely, but you're not going to get much solitude. There's a lot of dog walkers wandering around. And whereas if you're sort of behind some factory and some regenerating thicket, you think, wow, no one comes here. This feels adventurous. This feels wild. No one on the planet knows where I am. I'm only 20 minutes from a massive city, so I really was surprised how much I liked the forgotten corners of my map. Adam: Well, it sounds romantic the way you describe it, but behind a dumpster or a big factory? I don't really want to go there. Al: Why not? Adam: Because it's not pretty. It's probably got some unsavoury characters hanging around there. It might be more dangerous than crossing, you know, at some wild tundra, so it doesn't attract. I mean, but it does attract you, genuinely? Al: I think I'd have agreed with you entirely beforehand. It seems much nicer to come to a pretty woodland and stroll around there. What surprised me was how rarely I saw people when I was out and about, and we live in a very crowded country. I live in a crowded corner of the country, and yet once I was off meandering, once you're slightly off the beaten track, it felt like I often had the place to myself. In terms of being scared, I never had any problems at all. But I was very conscious that I'm a six-foot-tall white man who's quite good at running and that the countryside in general is not equally accessible to everyone. That really struck home to me in the year, how the sort of privilege I have of being able to essentially wander wherever I want. And the worst thing that's happened, someone will say go away and I go, oh, I'm terribly sorry and be all sort of posh and cheerful and it'll be fine and that's not fair, and it's not right that there's that inequality. Adam: I wonder what you feel because we're talking now, a little after there was a big fuss in newspapers about Kirsty Allsop as children or a child who went off travelling and I think he was 16 or something like that. And it raised the debate whether that's right or wrong and people have their own views, it raised the debate about adventure, what it is, how much freedom we should give younger people. And there were lots of comments, you know, look back a generation, my parents' generation, you know, people of 17, 18 were fighting in wars. You know, the idea of going on Eurorail doesn't sound that adventurous by comparison. But it does engage with the natural world, doesn't it? You've done very adventurous things. What do you think about our position on safety now? The sort of vibe about that? Al: I think a relevant aspect of that discussion what we're talking about today is if you look at the roaming distances that kids have from home and you can see statistical maps of this online of how far our grandparents are allowed to go from home, you know, they'd get on their bicycle with a pickled egg and off they'd go for a month and then come home for their tea. All that sort of stuff. When I was a kid, I was basically in the Yorkshire Dales. I was basically allowed to go wherever I wanted, and then I'd just come home when I was hungry. And of course, I had no cell phone. And then kids today would not be generally allowed that sort of thing, and they're kept very much closer to home. And I think that trusting young people in wild places is an important thing to do. Adam: Well, on that note of wild places and adventure, we talked a lot about maps and if you want to visit Ashenbank Wood and are looking for a map, it is grid reference TQ 675692, map reference explorer 163, and OS land ranger 177. Good luck with finding this particular wood. I hope you enjoy it. And until next time, of course, happy wandering. Thank you for listening to the Woodland Trust Woodland Walks. Join us next month when Adam will be taking another walk in the company of Woodland Trust staff, partners and volunteers. And don't forget to subscribe to the series on iTunes or wherever you are listening. And do give us a review and a rating. If you want to find out more about our woods and those that are close to you, check out the Woodland Trust website. Just head to the visiting woods pages. Thank you.

Join me as I speak to one of our favorite companies! Gobi Racks USA!! Gobi Racks owner Sandra and I talk about the beginnings of the company and how far they have come! So many great moments in this episode! Gobi began with a vision. They set out to build durable, attractive utility roof racks using state-of-the-art materials with modern design concepts. You won't want to miss this episode, especially if you are in the market for a new rack for your rig! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charles and Jon chat with two Bangkok-based mammalwatchers, Alexander Coke Smith and Jirayu 'Tour' Ekkul. Coke, an American, moved to Thailand a decade ago. He has travelled extensively and many mammalwatchers will be familiar with his superb photos and trip reports. Tour, a Thai citizen, began running trips in the Gulf of Thailand in 2012 to watch the resident Eden's Whales. His company, Wild Encounter Thailand, has grown to offer birding and mammalwatching trips across Thailand and beyond. We talk about the rapid growth of ecotourism in Thailand and ask what that means for conservation, before discussing Thailand's mammalwatching potential in largely unexplored areas. Coke remembers an epic adventure across the Gobi desert in China in search of Bactrian Camels. And Tour describes a strange dolphin - with a very long-beak - from the Andaman Sea which, if indeed a new species, might be named 'Delphinus pinocchioensis'.For more information visit www.mammalwatching.com/podcastNotes: There are many trip reports on mammalwatching's Thailand page. Coke's report from his trip into China's Xinjiang autonomous region in search of wild camels is here.Cover art: Eden's Whales feeding off of Bangkok, Coke Smith.Dr Charles Foley is a mammalwatcher and biologist who, together with his wife Lara, spent 30 years studying elephants in Tanzania. They now run the Tanzania Conservation Research Program at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago.Jon Hall set up mammalwatching.com in 2005. Genetically Welsh, spiritually Australian, currently in New York City. He has looked for mammals in over 110 countries.

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Axel Rudakubana Southport murder accused facing terror charge Ambulance worker jailed for frenzied hammer attack on boss over rota A big Budget for tax, borrowing and spending Muslim footballer stopped from playing in tracksuit bottoms Budget 2024 Minimum wage to rise to 12.21 an hour next year Chinas youngest ever astronauts blast off from the Gobi desert Chris Packham settles net zero legal action against government When is the Budget and what might be in it Adidas ends fight with Kanye West over antisemitic comments Teri Garr Young Frankenstein actress dies aged 79

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Ambulance worker jailed for frenzied hammer attack on boss over rota When is the Budget and what might be in it Axel Rudakubana Southport murder accused facing terror charge Adidas ends fight with Kanye West over antisemitic comments A big Budget for tax, borrowing and spending Chris Packham settles net zero legal action against government Teri Garr Young Frankenstein actress dies aged 79 Budget 2024 Minimum wage to rise to 12.21 an hour next year Muslim footballer stopped from playing in tracksuit bottoms Chinas youngest ever astronauts blast off from the Gobi desert

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Muslim footballer stopped from playing in tracksuit bottoms Chris Packham settles net zero legal action against government When is the Budget and what might be in it Chinas youngest ever astronauts blast off from the Gobi desert Ambulance worker jailed for frenzied hammer attack on boss over rota Adidas ends fight with Kanye West over antisemitic comments A big Budget for tax, borrowing and spending Axel Rudakubana Southport murder accused facing terror charge Teri Garr Young Frankenstein actress dies aged 79 Budget 2024 Minimum wage to rise to 12.21 an hour next year

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Teri Garr Young Frankenstein actress dies aged 79 A big Budget for tax, borrowing and spending Ambulance worker jailed for frenzied hammer attack on boss over rota Axel Rudakubana Southport murder accused facing terror charge Muslim footballer stopped from playing in tracksuit bottoms Adidas ends fight with Kanye West over antisemitic comments Budget 2024 Minimum wage to rise to 12.21 an hour next year When is the Budget and what might be in it Chinas youngest ever astronauts blast off from the Gobi desert Chris Packham settles net zero legal action against government

Dion went from being overweight, a heavy smoker, and a heavy drinker to becoming a successful ultramarathon runner. He shares his remarkable transformation, which began with a simple bet and, over time, led him to many ultramarathons, including the grueling 155-mile race through the Gobi Desert in China. During this race, Dion crossed paths with an unlikely companion—a stray dog who would later be named Gobi. This remarkable pup stayed by his side for 77 miles, keeping pace across the towering Tian Shan Mountains and sweeping sand dunes, forging a bond that would forever change both of their lives. Join us to discover:Why it's never too late to transform your lifeThe Phenomenal True Story of the Stray Dog Gobi and Ultramarathoner Dion LeonardHow one kind, selfless decision can change your life foreverThe hilarious question kids have about whether Dion had to become a doggy poop scooper in the desertThis episode is perfect for you if:You are a huge animal loverYou love real life stories of personal adversity and resilienceYou are seeking motivation to overcome life's challengesYou doubt that you can achieve your goals This episode is full of inspiration and touching moments you won't want to miss! It might even be a story that changes YOUR life forever.We would love to hear your thoughts on this podcast episode. Head over to @purplestars.world on Instagram and share the valuable insights you gained from it. Can't wait to read your comments! Sending lots of love,Sarah What we discussed:00:00 Coming Up with Dion Leonard01:36 How an Unexpected Path Led Dion from 250 Pounds to Ultra Marathon Running03:03 The Bet That Changed His Life06:06 How He Found Joy in Running After a Challenging Past08:14 A Sliding Door Moment: Changing Life Overnight10:03 How Running Became a Way to Heal12:37 Day Three of the Race: Choosing a Dog Over the Lead?14:45 Gobi's Incredible Journey Across the Gobi Desert17:13 The Search for Gobi: The Second Twist of the Story21:02 Finding Gobi Again: An Emotional Reunion23:28 Why Dion Decided to Share Gobi's Story with the World26:29 What Gobi Taught Him About Kindness29:05 The Ripple Effect of a Single Act of Kindness31:09 How Gobi and Lara Brought the Family Closer Together33:24 The Impact of the Animal-Human Bond36:41 How One Act of Kindness Changed Everything39:49 Learning to Let Go of the Past Through Writing42:29 How He Balances the Intensity of Running with Rest44:52 The Importance of Finding Your Why in Life Connect with Gobi & Dion Leonard:Instagram: @findinggobi Website: www.findinggobi.comBook “Fiding Gobi”: https://a.co/d/1gHClp0Connect with us:Website: https://purple-stars.usInstagram: @purplestars.world Youtube: @PurpleStarsWorld

China-correspondent Laura van Megen ging op zoek naar een verborgen stad in de Gobi-woestijn. Daar werkten in de jaren zestig wetenschappers in het geheim aan de ontwikkeling van kernwapens. Vandaag 60 jaar geleden werd daar de eerste Chinese atoombom getest. 60 jaar later breidt China zijn kernwapenarsenaal weer op hoog tempo uit. De nucleaire dreiging is de laatste jaren weer toegenomen. Rusland, Iran en Noord Korea worden door het Westen als dreigende kernmachten gezien. Maar wat is de nucleaire strategie van China? Waar bereidt China zich op voor? Reageren? Mail dedag@nos.nl Presentatie en montage: Mattijs van de Wiel Redactie: IJsbrand Terpstra

In the Gobi desert, where she meets Altan, a huge golden eagle snatches Jedda and Koa's instruments. They follow its flight path until they meet Altan, a girl in training to be an eagle-hunter. Want more kids podcasts for the whole family? Grown-ups, subscribe to Starglow+ here Learn more about Starglow Media here Follow Starglow on Instagram and YouTube

Darkness Syndicate members get the ad-free version plus all of the artwork created for the YouTube and podcast thumbnails: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/mr4ffnx9IN THIS EPISODE: People keep reporting sightings of a giant five-foot long worm lurking in the Gobi desert. Witnesses say it's armed with spikes, it spits venom, and if you get too close it can even take you down with an electric shock. It's known as the Mongolian Death Worm. If you've not heard of it, it's because no one to date has yet been able to photograph it. So does that mean it doesn't exist? Or is it just too fast to capture on film? (The Mongolian Death Worm) *** Mount Pentelicus near Athens, Greece, is where the marble was cut to build the Parthenon. But more recently it has a more sinister reputation – for being haunted. Particularly around a certain cave known as “Davelis Cave.” (The Penteli Cave Enigma) *** Do you have people in your lives that you can't stand? A co-worker perhaps, or a family member, or a grumpy neighbor. You may call them “toxic”, but there was a lady who was so noxious that people couldn't literally stand her. Her name was Gloria Ramirez. (The Toxic Woman) *** For six years, Fritz Haarmann used his position as a police informant to hide in plain sight while he carried out at least 24 grisly murders as the "Vampire of Hanover." He was also called by some “The Butcher of Hanover”. But neither nickname given to him by the public comes remotely close to describing how evil the man truly was, or how gruesome his crimes actually were. (The Butcher Vampire)CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate)…00:00:00.000 = Show Open00:02:55.630 = The Butcher Vampire00:14:59.445 = The Mongolian Death Worm00:22:25.279 = The Penteli Cave Enigma00:31:52.800 = The Toxic Woman00:40:09.375 = Show CloseSOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM THE EPISODE…BOOK: “The Unexplained An Illustrated Guide To The World's Natural and Paranormal Mysteries” by Karl Shuker: https://amzn.to/2SwqJ8WBOOK: “On The Trail of Ancient Man” by Roy Chapman Andrews: https://amzn.to/3iEaFg0“The Mongolian Death Worm” by Natasha Ishak for All That's Interesting: https://tinyurl.com/yxf7lo58“The Penteli Cave Enigma” by Caleb Strom for Ancient Origins: (link no longer valid)“The Toxic Woman” by Kaushik Patowary for Amusing Planet: https://tinyurl.com/y29yy86d“The Butcher Vampire” by Morgan Dunn for All That's Interesting: https://tinyurl.com/y6l6lmu6Weird Darkness theme by Alibi Music Library. = = = = =(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2024, Weird Darkness.= = = = =Originally aired: October 07, 2020CUSTOM LANDING PAGE: https://weirddarkness.com/mongoliandeathworm/

The sandworm from Frank Herbert's Dune, is a monstrous gigantic creature with a thirst for blood. But did you know it was possibly based on another terrifying creature that is said to stalk the darkest corners of Mongolia's Gobi desert... Go to @unexplainedpod, facebook.com/unexplainedpodcast or www.unexplainedpodcast.com for more info. Thank you for listening.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Gobi M Rahimi on 2Pac's Last Days Alive, Exposed By His Music Video Director: “It Was The 6 Scariest Days Of My Life.Gobi M. Rahimi spent Tupac Shakur's last eight months with him, serving as a co-producer and director for many of his music videos and short films. Details the last 6 days of Tupac's life and more.

durée : 00:58:53 - Entendez-vous l'éco ? - par : Tiphaine de Rocquigny - De quelle manière l'avancée du désert de Gobi sur le territoire chinois déstabilise économiquement, alimentairement et démographiquement la deuxième économie mondiale ? - invités : Emmanuel Lincot Professeur à l'Institut Catholique de Paris, chercheur associé à l'Iris et sinologue; Gaëlle Lacaze Ethnologue, professeur à l'Université Paris-Sorbonne.

Seit Jahrhunderten erzählen sich die mongolischen Nomaden, die durch die Wüste Gobi ziehen, die Geschichte vom Allghoi Khorkhoi. Dem mongolischen Todeswurm. Ein etwa ein Meter langer, armdicker leuchtend roter Wurm, der sich unterirdisch durch den Wüstensand bewegt. Wer ihn stört, läuft Gefahr, Bekanntschaft mit seinem tödlichen Gift oder seinen Stromstößen zu machen. Schon so mancher soll dem Allghoi Khorkhoi zum Opfer gefallen sein. Wir begeben uns auf die Suche nach dem Todeswurm und stützen uns dabei auf die Erzählungen und Erfahrungen einiger Abenteurer, die sich in der Wüste Gobi auf die Suche machten. Wie man uns unterstützen kann, könnt ihr hier nachlesen. Zum HOAXILLA Merchandise geht es hier QUELLEN Story der Woche: Verstopfen sich Hähne vor dem Krähen die Ohren? Die Studie aus Antwerpen Thema der Woche: Der Todeswurm in der dt. wikipedia Der Todeswurm in der engl. wikipedia Roy Chapman Andrews in der dt. wikipedia Ivan Mackerle in der engl. wikipedia Nachruf au Ivan Mackerle Der Todeswurm im Cryptid-Wiki Der Todeswurm im Atlas Oscura How Stuff works: Mongolian Death Worm: The Gobi Desert's Deadliest Cryptid Die Wüste Gobi in der dt. wikipedia Bombardierkäfer in der dt. wikipedia Skeptoid: Olgoi-Khorkhoi: The Mongolian Death Worm Doppelschleichen in der dt. wikipedia Schleichenartige in der dt. wikipedia Tremors: Im Land der Raketenwürmer* *Affiliate Links

Fluent Fiction - Mandarin Chinese: Survival and Discovery: A Perilous Journey through Gobi's Sands Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.org/survival-and-discovery-a-perilous-journey-through-gobis-sands Story Transcript:Zh: 到了夏天，戈壁沙漠变得非常炎热。En: In the summer, the Gobi Desert becomes exceedingly hot.Zh: 天空湛蓝无云，大地被烈日笼罩，仿佛一片金色的海洋。En: The sky is a clear blue without a cloud in sight, and the land is enveloped by the blazing sun, resembling a golden ocean.Zh: 在这片荒凉的土地上，李伟和张梅开始了一场危险的探险。En: On this desolate land, Li Wei and Zhang Mei embarked on a perilous adventure.Zh: 李伟是一名地质学家，他对自然界充满了热情。En: Li Wei, a geologist, is passionate about the natural world.Zh: 他希望在这次探险中找到独特的岩石结构，以证实他的研究。En: He hopes to find unique rock formations during this expedition to validate his research.Zh: 张梅则是当地的一名导游，她熟悉这片沙漠的每一个角落。En: Zhang Mei, on the other hand, is a local guide familiar with every corner of the desert.Zh: 然而，她的内心承受着失去亲人的痛苦，因为几年前她在类似的探险中失去了一个亲人。En: However, she bears the burden of losing a loved one in a similar expedition a few years ago.Zh: “我们走这条路，”张梅指着前方的一片沙地说，“那里有一块大石头，可能会对你的研究有帮助。En: "We should take this path," Zhang Mei said, pointing to a stretch of sand ahead, "there's a big rock over there that might be useful for your research."Zh: ”李伟点点头，擦了擦汗。En: Li Wei nodded and wiped his sweat.Zh: “好的，我们走吧。En: "Alright, let's go."Zh: ”太阳在天空中挂得越来越高，他们的影子越来越短。En: As the sun rose higher in the sky, their shadows grew shorter.Zh: 李伟和张梅身后的脚印在烈日下不断消失。En: The footprints they left behind slowly disappeared under the scorching sun.Zh: 空气中只听见风沙的呼啸声。En: The only sound in the air was the whistling of the wind and sand.Zh: 中午时分，烈日当头。En: By noon, the sun was directly overhead.Zh: 李伟感觉头晕目眩，身体渐渐失去了力气。En: Li Wei felt dizzy and his strength waned.Zh: “张梅，我有点头晕，”他喘着粗气说。En: "Zhang Mei, I'm feeling a bit dizzy," he gasped.Zh: 张梅停下来，焦急地看着李伟。En: Zhang Mei stopped and looked at Li Wei with concern.Zh: “不行，你中暑了。En: "No, you have heatstroke.Zh: 我们得找到阴凉的地方。En: We need to find some shade."Zh: ”她扶着李伟，继续向前走。En: She supported Li Wei and continued moving forward.Zh: 时间一分一秒地过去，沙漠中的热浪一阵接一阵地袭来。En: Time ticked away, and waves of intense heat hit them continuously.Zh: 李伟的情况越来越糟糕，最终他倒在了地上。En: Li Wei's condition worsened until he eventually collapsed to the ground.Zh: 张梅看了看四周，没有任何遮挡物。En: Looking around, Zhang Mei saw no shelter.Zh: 她心急如焚，但她知道在沙漠中停留过久非常危险。En: She was worried but knew staying in the desert for too long was extremely dangerous.Zh: 她深吸一口气，决定一定要先顾及李伟的健康。En: She took a deep breath and resolved to prioritize Li Wei's health.Zh: 她用尽力气托起李伟，继续走着。En: Using all her strength, she lifted Li Wei and kept walking.Zh: 就在她快要放弃的时候，竟然看见前方不远处有一个小小的绿洲！En: Just when she was about to give up, she saw a small oasis not far ahead!Zh: 她心中燃起了希望，加快脚步，把李伟带到了绿洲。En: Hope reignited within her, and she quickened her pace, bringing Li Wei to the oasis.Zh: 绿洲中有一汪清泉。En: The oasis had a clear spring.Zh: 张梅迅速打来一些水，喂给李伟。En: Zhang Mei quickly fetched some water and gave it to Li Wei.Zh: 李伟慢慢恢复了意识，睁开了眼睛。En: He slowly regained consciousness and opened his eyes.Zh: “谢谢你，张梅，”他低声说，“我差点就……”“别说了，”张梅打断他，“重要的是你没事就好。En: "Thank you, Zhang Mei," he murmured, "I almost..." "Don't say anything," Zhang Mei interrupted, "what matters is that you're okay."Zh: ”就在他们休息的同时，李伟突然发现了绿洲旁边一块奇异的岩石。En: While they were resting, Li Wei suddenly noticed a peculiar rock beside the oasis.Zh: 他仔细观察后惊喜地说：“这正是我要找的岩石结构！En: After carefully examining it, he exclaimed with delight, "This is exactly the rock formation I was looking for!"Zh: ”张梅也为李伟感到高兴。En: Zhang Mei was happy for Li Wei.Zh: 经过这次冒险，她心中对过去的悲痛似乎也释怀了。En: Through this adventure, she also seemed to find peace with her past sorrow.Zh: “我们要回去了，”她坚定地说，“安全第一。En: "We need to head back," she said firmly, "safety first."Zh: ”他们带着发现的岩石和对生命的新的理解，缓慢但坚定地返回了文明世界。En: With the discovered rock and a new understanding of life, they slowly but resolutely returned to civilization.Zh: 最终，李伟明白了团队合作和谦逊的重要性，而张梅也在面对过去中找到了内心的平静。En: In the end, Li Wei learned the importance of teamwork and humility, while Zhang Mei found inner peace by confronting her past.Zh: 他们在彼此的支持中，不仅完成了任务，也实现了自我成长。En: Through their mutual support, they not only completed their mission but also achieved personal growth.Zh: 烈日依旧高悬在天空上，他们的影子在不断变长。En: The sun still hung high in the sky, and their shadows continued to lengthen.Zh: 但这一次，他们的心中充满了力量和希望。En: But this time, their hearts were filled with strength and hope. Vocabulary Words:exceedingly: 非常enveloped: 笼罩perilous: 危险的geologist: 地质学家expedition: 探险validate: 证实burden: 承受pointing: 指着stretch: 一片footprints: 脚印disappeared: 消失scorching: 烈overhead: 当头dizzy: 头晕strength: 力气wane: 变衰弱concern: 焦急shade: 阴凉waves: 一阵condition: 情况collapsed: 倒shelter: 遮挡物resolved: 决定oasis: 绿洲consciousness: 意识peculiar: 奇异formation: 结构delight: 惊喜sorrow: 悲痛firmly: 坚定

Send us a Text Message.This is one of the "lost chapters" intended to appear earlier in the series but was skipped over.Xiaoyao loses his way at evening in the deep mountains, but a chance meeting saves him from a freezing overnight sojourn.The hermit takes the opportunity to try and teach Xiaoyao the arcane secrets of the River Diagram--the 河圖--which communicates its crucial message symbolically, using a structured pattern of black and white dots. The structure itself is based upon a magic square of fifteen.This can be confusing unless you have the diagram in front of you (and maybe even then) so there are several options.You can download the original pdf article with all the illustrations from this URL:https://thefatmonk.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/9-2_river_diagram.pdfYou can refer to this wikipedia article for the illustration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River_Mapor if you want more deeper reference for the relationship of the River Diagram and the verses quoted from the book "Understanding Reality, see this link (in Chinese):https://wapbaike.baidu.com/tashuo/browse/content?id=9ecbf4e3de00c2d59ec0e147SHOW NOTES:Xiaoyao Xingzhe, the self-styled carefree pilgrim, has lived and worked all over the world, having crossed the Gobi in a decrepit jeep, lived with a solitary monk in the mountains of Korea, dined with the family of the last emperor of China, and helped police with their enquiries in Amarillo, Texas.FAN MAIL is. a new feature now available to leave feedback on episodes, love or hate them. Look for the button in the top ribbon when you click on “Episodes.”Visit the Fat Monk Website: https://thefatmonk.net/for pdfs of all recorded chapters and a few more, as well as other bits of interest on Daoism, Buddhism and Neidan, with an emphasis (but not a limitation) on pre-twentieth century authors such as Huang Yuanji and Li Daochun.If you would like to support the production costs of this podcast, you may do so at Ko-fi. Check out the wonderful Flora Carbo and her music:https://floracarbo.com/

Send us a Text Message.This poem from 張伯端 Zhang Bo-Duan (author of the 悟真篇 Wu Zhen Pian: Understanding Reality, one of the most famous classics of Daoist alchemy) was explained by Master Nan during a seven day Zen retreat held in China.心内观心觅本心xīn neì guān xīn mì běn xīn心心俱绝见真心xīn xīn jù jué jiàn zhēn xīn真心明徹通三界Zhēn xīn míng chè tōng sān jiè外道邪魔不敢侵waì daò xié mó bù gǎn qīnSHOW NOTES:Xiaoyao Xingzhe, the self-styled carefree pilgrim, has lived and worked all over the world, having crossed the Gobi in a decrepit jeep, lived with a solitary monk in the mountains of Korea, dined with the family of the last emperor of China, and helped police with their enquiries in Amarillo, Texas.FAN MAIL is. a new feature now available to leave feedback on episodes, love or hate them. Look for the button in the top ribbon when you click on “Episodes.”Visit the Fat Monk Website: https://thefatmonk.net/for pdfs of all recorded chapters and a few more, as well as other bits of interest on Daoism, Buddhism and Neidan, with an emphasis (but not a limitation) on pre-twentieth century authors such as Huang Yuanji and Li Daochun.If you would like to support the production costs of this podcast, you may do so at Ko-fi. Check out the wonderful Flora Carbo and her music:https://floracarbo.com/

This week we talk about protectionist policy, solar panels, and rare earths.We also discuss Chinese business investment, EVs, and extreme weather events.Recommended Book: Meet Me By the Fountain by Alexandra LangeTranscriptThe Great Green Wall—the one in China, not the one meant to span the Sahel region, straddling the upper portion of Africa—is officially called the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, and was initially implemented by the Chinese government in 1978.This program is scheduled to be completed sometime mid-century, around 2050, and its purpose is to keep the Gobi Desert, which spans the lower portion of Mongolia and part of China's northern border, from expanding, which is something large deserts otherwise tend to do through a collection of natural, but often human-amplified processes called aeolian desertification.The Gobi currently gobbles up about 1,400 square miles, which is around 3,600 square km, of Chinese grassland every year, as dust storms that roll through the area blow away topsoil that allows grasses and other plants to survive. And those storms become more powerful as the climate shifts, and as more grassland is turned to desert, giving the winds more leeway, fewer things keeping them from blowing hard and scooping up more soil, and as the roots of the plants on the fringes of the desert dry up, which usually keep the soil in place, become newly exposed to these influences, withering, their roots holding things together less tight than before, the process continuing to move ever outward.Around a quarter of China's total landmass is already desert, and while there are a number of other causes of the country's desertification, including coastal erosion and the incursion of salty water into otherwise freshwater areas, this type, aeolian desertification, is one that they can tackle somewhat directly, if still at great expense and with muddled levels of success.So the Great Green Wall of China is meant to stop that desertification, it is a potential means of tackling this issue, and it does this by keeping those winds from blowing away the topsoil, and over time is meant to help reclaim areas that have been turned into desert by this collection of processes.And those in charge of this program do this by basically planting a huge number of trees, creating sturdier root systems to keep soil from blowing away, blocking the winds, and over time, the trees are meant to help new ecosystems grow in areas that have been previously diminished; holding everything together, soil-wise, but also adding nutrients to the ground as their leaves fall; those natural processes slowly reestablishing new layers of productive soil.The area they're attempting to swathe with newly planted trees is huge, and by that 2050 end date, it's anticipated that they'll need to plant something like 88 million acres of forests across a belt of land that's about 3,000 miles wide and nearly 900 miles deep in some areas.Local governments that have been largely tasked with making all this happen in their jurisdictions have claimed some successes in this ambition over the years, though one of the biggest criticisms leveled against those same governments is that they often spend a lot of time and money planting large swathes of trees, stabilizing some areas for a time, but then they fail to maintain those forests, so they more or less disappear within just a few years.This can actually leave some of the afflicted areas worse off than they would have otherwise been, as some of these trees are essentially invasive species, not optimized for the local conditions, and they consume more water than is available, gobbling up resources other plants need to spring up around them, and they thus blight the areas they're meant to enrich, killing off the smaller plantlife, not supporting and expanding it, and then they die because they're undernourished, themselves.While China plants more trees than the rest of the world, combined, due to this and similar projects, then, the system underpinning all of this planting isn't typically optimized for long-term success, and it often succumbs to the needs of local politicians, not the desired outcomes of the program, overall.Also, in the cases where the forests are sustained longer-term, they often to create monocultures that are more akin to plantations than forests, which makes them more susceptible to disease—like the one that killed more than a billion poplar trees that were planted in Northwestern China in 2000, leading to a 20-year-or-so setback in the program—and that also makes them faster-growing, but less effective as carbon sinks than slower-growth versions of the same; they get big faster, but they don't absorb and store as much CO2 as other trees options would.The forests they've planted that have sustained for more than a few years have periodically served as giant carbon sinks, though, pulling down as much as 5% of the country's total industrial CO2 emissions from 1978 to 2017, which is a pretty big deal for a country with such a huge volume of such emissions.That said, it's still an open question as to whether this Great Green Wall will do what it's meant to do, by 2050 or ever, as while the concept is solid by some estimations, its implementation has been uneven at best, and it seems to be plagued by short-term thinking and metrics of success that don't line up with the stated purpose of the program.What I'd like to talk about today is the implementation of what's being called, in some economic circles at least, a new Great Green Wall, this one around China and its exports, especially renewable energy exports, by the US and its allies, at a moment in which those sorts of exports are both highly desirable, and arguably, highly necessary.—The International Energy Agency recently said it expects to see about $2 trillion-worth of clean energy investments, globally, in 2024 alone.This spending is partly the consequence of the $13 billion in damage China sustained from natural disasters in January to June of this year, and the something like $37.9 billion in damages the US suffered from just the 15 most damaging storms it saw during the same period, not inclusive of all the other ones.Nations around the world are paying out gobs of money in the aftermath of increasingly brutal weather disasters, and that's on top of the slower-moving devastation that's being caused by the impacts of the climate shifting, messing with everything from crops to water cycles to where people can afford to live, because insurance companies are wholesale pulling out of some areas, and the cost of rebuilding over and over again in the same, previously habitable areas, just isn't worth it any more.While there's still some political and ideological opposition to the concept of climate change, then, even some of the folks who are vehemently against the concept, publicly, are privately investing huge sums of money in infrastructure meant to help them survive and thrive in a future in which the climate has changed, and that includes things like sea walls and buildings that are cooler, passively, allowing more airflow and reflecting sunlight rather than absorbing it, but we're also seeing surges of investment in renewable energy sources, as they don't further contribute to the issue of climate change, but also because they come with a slew of advantages over fossil fuel based versions of the same; hence, that $2 trillion clean energy spending in 2024, compared to the estimated $1 trillion for fossil fuel-based energy sources the same year.In May of 2024, US President Biden announced a near-future wave of tariff increases on a slew of Chinese goods, especially those related to the renewable energy transition.For those aforementioned reasons, alongside a bunch of economic ones, as renewables are cheaper over time than fossil fuels, it's expected by essentially everyone that the planet will largely shift to renewable energy sources this century, with many governments hoping to make the transition entirely or almost entirely by 2050, with some nations that are moving more slowly, because of issues related to existing infrastructure, population, or poverty, arriving sometime in the 2070s or 2080s.Thus, whomever owns the industries that will be relevant in that future—electric vehicles, batteries, solar panels, wind turbines, and so on—they will be something like the new oil giants of the latter-half of the century, and beyond, massively enriched because they're the ones that allow everyone to generate energy in this new reality.Making those sorts of investments now, then, in terms of manufacturing capacity, but also the knowledge and trade secrets and brands and supply chains that get those products to the world, may yield incredible dividends for those willing to make them.And at the moment, as of mid-2024, China is by far the king of the hill when it comes to pretty much every component of this transition, dominating the world's output of solar panels, EVs, wind turbine blades, batteries, and rare earth metals that are currently fundamental to the making of basically all of those things, while also owning some of the most valuable intellectual property, developing some of the most vital innovations, and controlling the most active, resilient, and competitive supply chains that make them available, globally.The push by the Chinese government to own these spaces began in earnest in 2009, when it started providing subsidies to companies that were willing to invest in and start producing electric vehicles and accompanying technologies, and that successful effort has allowed the country to leapfrog other countries, like the US, which by some measures had a leading advantage up till that point because of other capacities and investments, and which has long served as the home bases of traditional car companies, and exciting new brands like Tesla and other startups that were beginning to gobble up global market share.The Chinese government poured tens of billions of dollars into tax breaks and subsidies, though, and that helped stoke a highly competitive market that's led to the development of ultra-cheap electric vehicles, which are now outselling rivals in almost every market they've entered.This effect is perhaps even more pronounced when we look at solar panels and batteries.Chinese exports of these goods have easily outpaced and outcompeted rival producers overseas, and that's, combined with demand on the local, Chinese market, has pulled the price of solar panels from about $126 per watt in 1975 all the way down to about 26 cents per watt in 2022.Over that period, these panels have become more efficient and effective, more resilient, and more useful—reshapable to fit more use-cases.And the concomitant drop in lithium-ion battery prices, down about 97% since 1991 due to similar economic variables, has made solar even more useful and in demand, as solar setups are usually, these days, connected to battery backup systems that allow the panels to capture sunlight during the day and to stockpile that energy for later, when the sun isn't shining, ameliorating one of the biggest and most common concerns about solar power at the individual home scale, but also at the utility, city-sized scale; that it's an intermittent source. Attaching a battery, though, makes it a consistent source of power, that's also incredibly, and increasingly, inexpensive compared to other options offering similar levels of power.That's been a major contributor to the expansion of solar installations, and recent innovations in the development of alternative, non-lithium-based batteries could do the same, as some novel battery types, like sodium-ion batteries, use a similar setup as their lithium counterparts, but without the issues associated with mining lithium, and with a better power-to-weight ratio, much lower fire risk, and lower theoretical expense, and flow batteries, made from iron, salt, and water, which are a lot worse than lithium ion batteries in essentially every practical regard, are just silly cheap and incredibly resilient, and thus could be built and deployed essentially everywhere—into the walls of homes and other buildings, into driveways and roads, everywhere—providing widespread, low-grade energy backup to whole cities at a very low cost.So all of these products are already in high demand, and that demand is just expected to grow as these things continue to get better and cheaper.China owns the majority of the best companies in these spaces, and makes the best, cheapest versions of these products.Biden's recently announced tariff increases are an example of what're called protectionist monetary policy, the idea being to make competing products from elsewhere, like China, more expensive, by requiring folks pay another 25-100% of the product's price in tariffs, which in practice can double the price of these goods, which in turn makes locally produced goods, or those produced in allied countries, like in Europe, more competitive, despite not actually being competitive 1-on-1, without these policies in place.The argument for this type of policy is that while on some level it could be beneficial to have these high quality, cheap Chinese solar panels and batteries flooding into the US market in the short-term, as it would help companies shift to clean energy sources faster than would otherwise be possible, in the long-term it would allow China to own those spaces, killing off all US-based competition in these industries, which would make the US economy, and by association all US businesses and people, and the US government, reliant on China, and a constant flow of such goods.That would mean China would have a permanent whammy on the US because if they ever wanted to invade Taiwan, for instance, and keep the US off their back, they could just say, hey, let us do what we want to do, or we'll stop sending you solar panels and batteries, and we'll stop providing support for the ones you already have, which would devastate the US, because that would be equivalent to what happened when OPEC stopped exporting oil to the US in the 1970s—it was brutal, and we've only become more reliant on cheap, abundant energy in the decades since.And that's on top of concerns that China, if it owned all the infrastructure related to these technologies top to bottom, which they kind of do, they would also conceivably have all sorts of potential backdoors into the US electrical grid, giving them the ability to shut things down or cause other sorts of havoc in the event of a conflict.So while these are kind of just theoretical concerns at the moment, the risks associated of becoming reliant on one country, and one run by an authoritarian government that isn't the biggest fan of the US and its allies, controlling all aspects of a nations energy capacity in that way are substantial enough that the US government seems to think it's worth taking a hit in the short-term to avoid that potential future.This situation in which short-term loss is necessary to avoid long-term energy dominance by China is arguably a problem of the US and other wealthy governments' own making, as again, China started wholeheartedly investing in these technologies back in 2009, and the US and Europe and other entities that are trying to play catch up, now, didn't make the same bet at the same scale, and that's a big part of why they're so far behind, scrambling to figure out how to catch up, and how to avoid having all their own solar and battery and EV companies killed off in the meantime.Some of these governments are doing what they can, now, to pick up the pace, Biden's Inflation Reduction Act and Infrastructure Act, for instance, shoring up these sorts of businesses and seeding potential next-step technologies—but again, these and similar efforts are more than a decade behind the same in China, and the Chinese government often entangles itself more directly with Chinese businesses than Western governments are conformable attempting with their own versions of the same, so Chinese businesses have that additional entanglemented-related leg-up, as well.There's an argument to be made, then, that while these tariffs—in the US and otherwise—are almost certainly at least a little bit performative, for political purposes, and at least a little bit reactive, in the sense that they attempt to reframe Chinese superiority within these spaces as unfair, rather than the winnings associated with making different, and ultimately better bets than other governments back in the day, there's an argument to be made that this is one of the only ways to prevent Chinese companies from killing off all their foreign competition, locking themselves in as the makers of solar panels and wind turbines and battery backup systems and electric vehicles, and more or less owning that component of the future, which—because of how fundamental electricity is already, and how much more fundamental it's becoming as more nations segue away from fossil fuels as primary energy sources—means they have a slew of adjacent industries in an economic headlock, as well. Arguably the whole of every economy on the planet.Attempts to label one side good and pure and the other a malicious economic actor may be just set dressing, then, and the real story is how one side managed to lock-in a true advantage for themselves, while their competitors are scrambling at the 11th hour to figure out a way to dilute that advantage, and maybe grab something of the same for themselves.Biden's attempt, here, and similar policies elsewhere—especially Europe, but we're seeing some protectionist ideas flutter to the surface in other nations, as well, most of them aimed specifically at China—is meant to give competitors time to catch up. And many of them use a stick approach, increasing the price of these goods on foreign markets, while others are carrots, offering subsidies for locally made panels and EVs, for instance, but only if their key components are made in friendly countries; so Chinese-made vehicles don't benefit from those subsidies, but those manufactured elsewhere often do.Some businesses in tariffed areas are bypassing, or attempting to bypass these concerns by making licensing deals with, for instance, Chinese battery giant CATL, which makes the world's best and cheapest batteries, and which US-based Ford and Tesla have been dealing with in ways that they all claim still work, legally, under the new policy system.Other countries, like Brazil and Chile in South America, and Hungary and Germany in Europe, have been making deals to attract Chinese foreign direct investment within their borders, basically having Chinese companies build offshoots in their territory so they can benefit from the additional job creation and local know-how, and in both cases the idea is to dodge these policies, still benefitting from relationships with Chinese companies but in ways that allow them to avoid the worst of those sticks, even if they don't always benefit from the carrots.China, for its part, has been investing in reinforcing its global supply chains against these sorts of tariffs for years, especially following former US President Trump's decision to begin disentangling the US and China when he was in office, which caught a lot of businesses and governments off guard at the time.In the years since, Chinese officials have been moving things around so that many of their supply chains end in third countries before headed to US and European markets, giving them backdoor access to those markets without suffering the full impact of those amplified tariffs.This is just a riff on an existing strategy, as China did the same with their solar panels back in the industry's relatively early days of the 2010s, rerouting their panels through Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam and Cambodia to avoid tariffs, which is part of why something like 80% of the US's solar panels still come from these countries, today: they're Chinese panels, in most of the ways that matter, but those buying and selling them can claim otherwise for tariff purposes.Now, China is developing the capacity to build their EVs in Mexico, before then shipping them to tariff-defended countries around the world, including the US to the north, and Chinese-mined and refined rare earths, which are necessary components for batteries and other such technologies, are being mined in and diverted through a variety of different countries, their origins visible but still obfuscated for legal, tariff-related purposes.The US and its allies are beginning to insist that other trade partners implement similar tariffs against China when it comes to these sorts of products, but results have been hit and miss on that front so far, and it could be that, even though this sort of trade war stance has been ongoing for nearly a decade at this point, policies related to these increasingly vital goods will be what finally fractures the global economy into rival collections of supply chains and viable markets, smaller countries forced to choose between dealing with the US and other Western nations on one hand, and China and its allies on the other.Of course, again, intensifying weather events and the changing climate is stressing a lot of infrastructure and causing a lot of damage, globally, which is making the shift to renewables an increasingly pressing need.At some point that need could strain or break existing relationships, depending on who ends up wielding the most leverage in this regard, and that in turn could contribute to the ongoing and substantial realignment we're seeing in the global world order that has determined how things work, economically and legally and militarily, for the better part of the past century.Show Noteshttps://ourworldindata.org/grapher/solar-pv-priceshttps://ourworldindata.org/battery-price-declinehttps://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/21/1068880/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policyhttps://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2024/may/us-trade-representative-katherine-tai-take-further-action-china-tariffs-after-releasing-statutoryhttps://www.phenomenalworld.org/analysis/great-green-wall/https://archive.ph/MxOTZhttps://www.trade.gov/commerce-initiates-antidumping-and-countervailing-duty-investigations-crystalline-siliconhttps://www.reuters.com/world/china/natural-disasters-china-caused-13-bln-economic-loss-january-june-2024-07-12/https://knowablemagazine.org/content/article/society/2023/abandon-idea-great-green-wallshttps://www.wsj.com/world/china/china-us-fusion-race-4452d3behttps://asiatimes.com/2024/07/chinas-subsidies-create-not-destroy-value/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/07/09/china-floods-climate-change/https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-expects-global-clean-energy-investment-hit-2-trillion-2024-2024-06-06/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(China)https://phys.org/news/2023-10-china-great-green-wall-boosts.htmlhttps://earth.org/what-is-the-great-green-wall-in-china/ 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In Episode 14 of INIT Talks, host Elz Indriani (@elzindriani) sits down with Aloo Gobi (@aloo__gobi), a talented sim racer who recently made headlines by winning her first-ever real-life race in the Formula Vee in Canada! Aloo shares her incredible journey from the virtual tracks of sim racing to the adrenaline-filled world of real-life motorsport. This episode dives into Aloo's transition from sim racing to real-world racing, the challenges she faced along the way, and how her sim racing experience helped prepare her for the track. She also reflects on her groundbreaking victory and the lessons she's learned in both virtual and real-life motorsport, inspiring others to chase their dreams. Whether you're a sim racing fan, an aspiring driver, or just love stories of perseverance and triumph, this episode is packed with inspiration and insights from Aloo's unique perspective. Don't miss this exciting conversation about turning virtual skills into real-world success! So buckle up – Screen to Speed starts now! ===== (Oo---x---oO) =====   ==================== The Motoring Podcast Network : Years of racing, wrenching and Motorsports experience brings together a top notch collection of knowledge, stories and information. #everyonehasastory #gtmbreakfix - motoringpodcast.net More Information: https://www.motoringpodcast.net/ Become a VIP at: https://www.patreon.com/ Online Magazine: https://www.gtmotorsports.org/ INIT eSports focuses on sim racing events and digital tournaments. They bring eSports content to fans and sponsorship opportunities to brands, while maximizing audience reach across multiple sports, industries, and platforms. INIT eSports is a woman-led company where Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility is in their DNA, and their platform aims to combat bullying and cheating to help make the eSports world as safe and fair as possible. To learn more, be sure to logon to www.initesports.gg today or follow them on social media @initesports, join their discord, check out their YouTube Channel, or follow their live content via Twitch. Copyright INIT eSports. This content originally aired on the INIT Talks livestreams via Twitch. This episode is part of the Motoring Podcast Network and has been republished with permission.

Nomadic life and climate change, air pollution and endemic corruption - Mongolia's economy has tripled in size since becoming a democracy thirty years ago and the sudden growth has brought many challenges. It is a nation of sweeping grassland pastures and an ever-growing Gobi desert, sealed between Russia to its north and China to its south. Such large autocratic neighbours bring a sense of threat to this fledgling democratic nation. All those issues and more are raised by the public and debated by a panel of politicians at the moment a new coalition government is being formed. Presented by Jonny Dymond at the Chinggis Khaan Museum in the Mongolian capital, Ulaanbaatar.The panel: Bulgantuya Khurelbaatar: Deputy Speaker of the State Great Hural (Parliament), MP for the Mongolian People's Party and former Minister for Labour and Social Protection Jargalan Batbayar: Chairwoman of the Democratic Women's Union and MP for the Democratic Party Munkhnaran Bayarlkhagva: Independent Analyst, formerly of the National Security Council of Mongolia Munkdhul Badral Bontoi: Citizens' Representative of Sukhbaatar District Council and former Parliamentary Candidate for the Hun PartyProducer: Charlie Taylor

Deep in the Gobi desert lives a deadly creature that sprays acid at anyone who comes near. Or is it just a funny looking plant and a silly story? Athena and Tiernan investigate all the clues about the Mongolian Death Worm, so you chief detectives can get a wriggle on and solve the case. Brought to you by Small Wardour, makers of some of the best podcasts for kids. *** If your chief detectives want to hear more from the investigations, including more compelling evidence and extra fun facts, then you can become a paid subscriber of the show. Just click Subscribe on Apple Podcasts or visit patreon.com/bustortrustpodcast to get access to weekly bonus episodes, ad-free and early listening and exclusive extras. Your support will help us to investigate even more amazing mysteries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Mongolia found herself stuck between two crumbling empires who both were engulfed in brutal civil wars. Warlord Duan Qirui invaded Mongolia effectively making it a protectorate. This prompted Mongolian nobles to form resistance groups like the Consular Hill and East Urga to combat Chinese dominance. The merging of these groups birthed the Mongolian People's Party, seeking Soviet support for independence. Meanwhile, psychopath Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, claiming descent from Genghis Khan, emerged as a militaristic force, aligning with Russian Whites and Japanese interests to seize Mongolia. His brutal campaign ousted Chinese occupiers, restored the Bogd Khan to power, but brought tyranny, especially targeting Jews and Red Russians. The Mongolians were now seeking help, yet again from the Chinese, but someone else was looking to pick a fight with the megalomaniac Ungern-Sternberg. #102 The Case of Mongolia and Tibet's “status”   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Last we left off, Ungern-Sternberg was having a merry time in Urga Mongolia. His secret police force led by Colonel Leonid Sipailov was hunting down all Reds and Jews he could find amongst the Russian colonial community of Mongolia. Although they never went after Mongols, they certainly were barbaric to their own. Its estimated Sipailov's goons killed nearly 900 people, roughly 6% of the Russian colonial population of Mongolia at the time. Of these over 50 were Jewish, representing 6% of those executed under Ungern-Sternbergs orders. Meanwhile Ungern-Sternberg continued to develop his Asiatic Cavalry Division, seeking to make it the base model for a future Mongolian national army. His division at this point was quite multicultural, consisting of Russians, Cossacks, Chinese, Japanese, Mongols, Buryats, Tatar, Tibetans and other groups. Ungern-Sternberg had crushed as many Red Russians as he could find, but they were not done for the count. A Mongolian Red leader emerged named Damdin Sukhbaatar. Sukhbaatar meaning “Axe Hero” in Mongolian was born in Ulaanbaatar, a Chinese trading settlement a few kms east of Ikh Khuree. His parents abandoned their home banner in Setsen Khan aimag when he was 6, as they moved to the Russian consulate. He then grew up around Russians, picking up the language. In 1911 when Mongolia declared independence, Sukhbaater joined the new national army. Russian military advisors to the Bogd Khan set up military academies at Khujirbulan in 1912 and Sukhbaatar found himself at one of them. He was shown to have a talent for military tactics and was good at riding and shooting. He quickly became a platoon leader of a machine gun company. In 1914 he found himself involved in a soldiers riot, they were discontent with corruption in the army and bad living conditions. He survived the ordeal and would soon serve under the command of Khatanbaatar Mahsarjav in Eastern Mongolia by 1917. That year sprang forth the Russian Revolution and China's Warlord Era, chaos would reign supreme. Soon Outer Mongolia was under Chinese occupation and this sprang forth two underground political parties, Consular Hill and East Urga group. By 1920 they united to form the Mongolian People's Party and Sukhbaatar found himself becoming a delegate sent multiple times to multiple places in the new Soviet Union seeking military assistance. In 1921 Sukhbaater was placed in charge of smuggling a letter from the Bogd Khan through numerous Chinese checkpoints. In a father of marco polo like fashion, he hid the letter in the handle of his whip and its found in a museum today in Ulaanbaater. Now the year prior the Soviet government stated they were willing to help Mongolia, but asked the delegates to explain to them how they planned to fight off the foreign invaders. In September numerous delegates were sent to Moscow, while Sukhaatar and Choubalsan took up a post in Irkutsk for military training and to be contacts between the Soviets and Mongolia.  Meanwhile back in Mongolia, Ungern-Sternberg began an occupation. Mongolian delegates Chagdarjav and Choibalsan rushed back to Mongolia to find allies amongst the nobles. On February 10th a plenary session of the Comintern in Irkutsk passed a formal resolution to “aid the struggle of the Mongolian people for liberation and independence with money, guns and military instructors" The Mongolian People's Party had thus gained significant military assistance and was now a serious contender in the battle for Mongolia. The party held its first congress secretly between March 1st-3rd at Kyakhta attended by 17 and 26 members. They approved the formation of an army, to be headed by Sukhbaatar alongside two Russian advisors. They also adopted a new party manifesto and by March 13th formed a provisional government headed by Dogsomyn Bodoo. Sukhbaatar had begun recruiting troops for what was called the Mongolian People's Partisans as early as February 9th. By the 15th of February the Mongolians decided to seize Khiagt currently under Chinese occupation. They sent an ultimatum to the Chinese, but their commanders refused to surrender. By March 18th, the Mongolian Partisans were 400 men strong as they stormed the Chinese garrison at Kyakhta Maimaicheng. They seized it from the Chinese, despite being heavily outnumbered and this greatly bolstered their confidence. To this day this victory is celebrated as a military holiday. The party issued a proclamation announcing the formation of a new government that would expel the Chinese and promised to convene a congress of representatives of the masses who would elect a permanent government.  The provisional government moved over to Khiagt where they established ministries of Finance, Foreign affairs and military. A propaganda war also emerged between the provisional government and the Bogd Khaan's court. The provisional government began spreading leaflets along the northern border urging Mongolians to take arms against White Russians while the Bogd Khaan's side issued warnings to the people the supposed revolutionaries were going to destroy their nation and their Buddhist faith with it. Meanwhile the Soviet Union was trying to re-establish diplomatic relations with the Chinese government. They had dispatched representatives to Beijing and the Chinese did the same in Moscow. Because of this delicate situation, the Soviets were trying to keep everything low key about the Mongolian movement. However in early 1921, the Chinese cut talks with the Soviets because of the mess Ungern-Sternberg was causing in Mongolia. The Soviets offered Red Army assistance to dislodge his forces from Mongolia, but the Chinese rejected this. Since talks were severed, the Soviets then felt ok to unrestrain themselves in terms of aiding the Mongolian revolutionaries. Throughout march of 1921, a flow of Soviet advisors and weapons came to the Mongolian revolutionaries. By April they doubled to 800 troops and they began sending spies and diversionary units throughout the region spreading propaganda and terror to weaken Ungern-Sternbergs forces. Once Ungern-Sternberg found out about the incursion he quickly assembled an expeditionary force to dislodge the hostile Red invaders. It seems Ungern-Sternberg was under the false belief he was a very popular figures and would receive support in Mongolia and from Siberia. Truth be told, he failed to strengthen his small army properly and would be outgunned and outnumbered heavily by the Reds. He also had no knowledge the Reds had already conquered Siberia and that the new Soviet government was beginning to make some economic progress.  Ungern-Sternberg divded his Asiatic Cavalry Division into two brigades, one was under his personal commander, the other under Major General Rezukhin. In May of 1921 Rezukhin launched a red west of the Selenga River while Ungern set out towards Troitskosavk. Meanwhile the Soviet Red Army sent units towards Mongolia from different directions. The Soviets enjoyed a enormous advantage in terms of pretty much everything. They had armored cars, minor aircraft, trains, river gunboats, plenty of horses, more ammunitions, supplies and man power. Initially Ungerns force managed to defeat a small detachment of 300 Red Army troops enroute to Troitskosavk. But Between June 11-13th the 35th Division of the Soviet 5th Red Army led by Commander Mikhail Matiyasevich alongside Mongolian People's Partisan forces decisively defeated him. Having failed to capture Troiskosavask, Ungern-Sternberg fled back for Urga, sending word to Rezukhin to do the same. The combined Red forces pursued the White Russians to Urga, skirmishing along the way and would capture the city on July 6th, brushing aside its few guard detachments. Although the Reds had seized Urga, they had not defeated the main bulk of Ungern-Sternbergs division who were then regrouping around Akha-gun-hure along the Selenga River. Meanwhile another Red Army led by Colonel Kazagrandi slaughtered a 350 man strong White Russian force stuck in the Gobi desert. Kazagrandi's forces ultimately accepted the surrender of two groups of White Russians they had managed to cut and divie, one being 42 men, the other 35. Chinese forces were also attacking White Russians remnants as they crossed the border. It is beleived some of these men were deserters of Ungern-Sternbergs division.  Ungern-Sternberg now cought to invade Transbaikal, attempting to rally his soldiers and local peoples proclaimed to all Semyonov had reached an agreement with the Japanese who were soon to unleash an offensive to support them. The reality however was the Japanese had given up on the White cause. After a few days of rest, the Asiatic Cavalry division began raiding Soviet territory on July 18th. His force was estimated to be perhaps 3000 strong. In response the Soviets declared martial law in regions where White remnants were raiding. Ungern-Sternbergs men managed to capture some minor settlements, one being Novoselenginsk that they took on August 1st. Yet upon taking this settlement, Red Army forces began to converge on his location, prompting Ungern-Sternberg to declare they would go back to Mongolia to rid it of communism again.  By this point, most of his men were not idiots, they knew they were following a doomed cause. Many of them sought to desert and flee for Manchuria to join up with Russian refugees there. Ungern-Sternberg meanwhile seemed to also have his own escape plan, he was going to head for Tuba and then Tibet. Men under both brigades began to mutiny and on August 17th, Rezukhin was assassinated. The next day the same assassins tried to kill Ungern-Sternberg. He managed to evade them twice, by fleeing with a smaller detachment consisting exclusively of Mongolians. The Mongols rode out a distance with him, before tying him up and leaving him there to flee. At this point the rest of his two brigades had scattered for this lives fleeing over the Chinese border. Ungern-Sternberg was captured on August 20th by a Red Army detachment led by Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin. Petr also happened to be a Cheka, this was a Soviet secret police organization that infamously conducted the Red Terror. Ironically, I think I can say this here, but I am currently writing a few series for KNG and one is on the Russian Civil War, I go through the formation of all these organizations, if you want to check that out though, I think its a KNG patreon exclusive for awhile. On September 15th of 1921, Ungern-Sternberg was put on trial for well over 6 hours, under the prosecution of Yemelyan Yaroslavsky. In the end he was sentenced to be executed by firing squad. He was killed that night in Novosibirsk. Thus ended the reign of quite a psychopath, gotta say written about many, this guy was something special.  Funny side note, historian John Jennings who worked at the US Air Force Academy argued Ungern-Sternberg ironically may have single handedly led Mongolia into the arms of the Bolsheviks. Ungern-Sternbergs expedition into Mongolia and conquest of Urga had driven out the Chinese forces who may have been a match for the incoming Red Army. Likewise, taking his white army into Mongolia basically drew the Reds to Mongolia to hunt him down, thus in the end some would argue its all his fault Mongolia became a Soviet satellite later on.  After Ungern-Sternbergs death and the mopping up of White armies in the region, the Soviets and Chinese reopened talks about the Mongolian situation. Unbeknownst to the Russians, China had actually appointed Zhang Zuolin to deal with the Ungern-Sternberg situation. Zhang Zuolin was supposed to create an expeditionary army to expel him from Mongolia. Yet by the time he was about to initiate the expedition, Red Army forces flooded the region making it a political nightmare for China. What ended up happening, similar to Colonel Kazagrandi's hunt of Red's in the Gobi desert, Zhang Zuolin hunted down Ungern-Sternbergs remnants as they fled into Manchuria. Thus when the talks began between the Russians and Chinese, the Chinese were emboldened, believing Zhang Zuolin had in fact cleaned up the entire situation on his lonesome and that they had the upper hand militarily. China came to the table stating Mongolia was still part of China and thus was not the subject of international negotiations. Meanwhile after Ungern-Sternberg was run out of Urga, the Mongolian People's Party proclaimed a new government on July 11th. Sukhbaatar became the minister of the army and Bogd Khan had his monarch powers limited to basically just being symbolic. It was a rough start for the new government. Dogsomyn Bodoo became the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, but he immediately found himself at political war with Soliin Danzan. Danzan had lost his seat as party leader to Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj a relative to Bodoo. Danzan assumed Bodoo had helped his relative steal his seat. Danzan became the Minister of Finance and began engineering a scheme to get rid of Bodoo from his office.  Bodoo had initiated a very unpopular company, initially instigated by the Soviets. It was to modernize the peoples by forcibly cutting off feudal accessories, such as Mongolian feels, womens jewelry and long hair. Danzan accused Bodoo of plotting alongside another leading figure Ja Lama, the Chinese and Americans to undermine the entire revolution so they could establish an autocratic government. Ja Lama was a warlord who fought the Qing dynasty and claimed to be a Buddhist lama. When Ungern-Sternberg sent a delegation to Lhasa in 1920, Ja-Lama murdered all of them. Since Ungern-Sternbergs death, Ja Lama attempted to operate an independent government from a hideout, he was a bit of a loose cannon. There was also Dambyn Chagdarjav who was loosely linked to the supposed cabal. He was the provisional governments former prime minister when Unger-Sternberg was around. He was quickly outed and replaced with Bodoo, and it seems it was just convenient to toss him in with the accusations against Bodoo. On January 7th, of 1922 Bodoo resigned from all his positions in the government, stating it was because of health issues. This did not stop Danzan who laid charges against Bodoo, Chagdarjav, Ja Lama and 14 others, who were arrested and interrogated by Russian secret police working with the Mongolian government. They were all found guilty and executed by firing squad on August 31st 1922. They all would only be the firsts of a longer lasting purge raging through the 1920s and 1930s. Following the execution of Bodoo, party leaders invited the high Buddhist incarnation, Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, hell of a name by the way, to became the new prime minister. He was largely chosen to quell religious minded Mongolian's who were upset at the execution of Bodoo who was a lama. Danzan was not done with political rivalries. He soon found himself butting heads with Rinchingiin Elbegdori a leader amongst the leftists and chief advisor to the Comintern in Ulaanbaatar. Following the 1921 revolution, Elbegdorj was appointed head of the Army training and education department. Alongside Choibalsan, he founded the radical Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League. He enjoyed backing from Moscow and he came to dominate the political scene in Ulan Bator. Danzan had previously collaborated with him to get rid of Bodoo, but afterwards Danzan sought to reduce the number of Soviet advisors in Mongolia and attempted to place the Revolutionary Youth league under party control. Danzan was a business man who supported capitalism as a path for Mongolia, thus he was not exactly friendly to those like Elbegdorj who wanted to make Mongolia socialist if not full blown communist. Elbegdorj joined some rightists led by Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj in an effort to defeat Danzan. During the third party congress in August of 1924, both accused Danzan of only representing the interests of the bourgeois and being in league with American and Chinese corporations. Danzan found himself alongside others put on trial and sentenced to death. Funny enough the trial and execution literally occurred within the same 24 hour period of the congress, the others simply continued on haha. Some rich irony in the fate of Danzan. I wont delve to far into the rest, but it goes without saying, Elbegdorj would himself be accused of representing the interests of bourgeois and was exiled to the USSR and would be executed during the Great Purge in 1938. Yes it was a very messy time for Mongolia, but in 1924 the Chinese and Soviets signed a treaty that saw the Soviets recognize Mongolia was an integral part of China.  That pretty much ends the story for Mongolia for now, but I thought it might be interesting to end this podcast looking at another similar case study, that of Tibet. Now Tibet came under rule of the Qing Dynasty in 1720. When the Wuchang uprising broke out, revolutionary fever hit numerous provinces within China, as it likewise did in territories like Tibet. A Tibetan militia sprang up and launched a surprise attack against the Qing garrison. The Qing forces were overwhelmed by the Tibetans, forced to flee back to China proper. Obviously the Qing dynasty was scrambling to face the revolutionary armies throughout China, and could not hope to challenge the Tibetans. By 1912, Qing officials in Lhasa were forced by the Tibetans to sign a three point agreement, officially surrendering and expelling their forces from central Tibet. When the new republic of China government sprang up that same year, they proclaimed control over everything the previous Qing dynasty controlled, 22 provinces within China, Outer Mongolia and Tibet.  As the provincial government's president, Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to the 13th Dalai Lama, restoring all his traditional titles. The Dalai Lama refused them and stated in a reply "I intend to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastical rule in Tibet." Now prior to the Xinhai Revolution, in 1910 the Qing had sent a military expedition to Tibet, one could argue it was an invasion mind you, to establish direct Qing rule over Tibet. This was because the British had performed their own expeditions in 1904, destabilizing the Qing dominance over Tibet. The Qing forces occupied Lhasa on February 12th of 1910 and they deposed the 13th Dalai Lama by the 25th. The Dalai Lama was forced to flee to India, but he returned in 1913 whence he proclaimed stated “that the relationship between the Chinese emperor and Tibet had been that of patron and priest and had not been based on the subordination of one to the other. We are a small, religious, and independent nation" In January of that year, a treaty was signed between Mongolia and Tibet, proclaiming mutual recognition of each others independence from China. Within the treaty both nations pledged to aid each other against internal and external enemies, free trade and declared a mutual relationship based on the Gelug sect of Buddhism. The Tibetan officials who signed this document at Urga were led by Agvan Dorjiev, a Buryat and thus subject of Russia. This caused some doubts about the validity of the treaty. The 13th Dalai Lama would go on to deny ever authorizing Dorjiev to negotiate such political issues. The Russian government likewise stated Dorjiev had no diplomatic capacity on behalf of the Dalai Lama to do such a thing. The text of the document was neer published, many believe it never even existed, until 1882 when the Mongolian Academy of Science finally published it.  Upon signed the supposed treaty, Agvan Dorjiev proclaimed that Russia was a powerful Buddhist country that would ally with Tibet against China and Britain. In response to this, Britain convoked a conference at Viceregal Lodge in Simla, India to discuss the matter of Tibet's status. The conference was attended by representatives of Britain, the Chinese republic and Tibet's government based out of Lhasa. Sir Henry McMahon, the foreign secretary of British India led the British; for China it was I-fan Chen, the commissioner for Trade and Foreign affairs at Shanghai; and for Tiet it was Paljor Dorje Shatra, known also as Lonchen Shatra, the leading prime minister of Tibet. Now the British and Chinese had telegram communications to their governments, but the Tibetan team only had land communications. What became known as the Simla conference, was held in both Delhi and Silma because of the extreme summer heat of Delhi, saw 8 formal sessions from October 1913 to July 1914. In the first session, Lonchen Shatra declared "Tibet and China have never been under each other and will never associate with each other in future. It is decided that Tibet is an independent state." Thus Tibet was refusing to recognize all the previous treaties and conventions signed between Tibet and China. The Tibetans sought their territorial boundaries to range from the Kuenlun Range in the north, to the borders of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Tibetans also sought payment for damages done to them over the past years. Ifan Chen's counter proposal was to state Tibet was an integral part of China and that China would not tolerate any attempts by the Tibetans or British to interrupt China's territorial integrity. Ifan Chen continued to say a Chinese official would be stationed in Lhasa and they would guide Tibet's foreign and military affairs. Tibet would also grant amnesty to all Chinese who had recently been punished in Tibet, and Tibet would conform to the borders already assigned to it. McMahon then issued the first and most important question “what is the definition of limits of Tibet”. Afterwards they could deal with the lesser issues, such as Tibetans claims of compensation for damages and for Chinese amnesties. Lonchen Shatra agreed to the procedure, Ifan Chen countered it by asking the political status of Tibet should be the first order of business. Ifan Chen also revealed he had definitive orders from his government to give priority to the political question. McMahon thus ruled he would discuss the frontier issue with Lonchen Shatra alone, until Ifan Chen was given authorization from his government to join it, ompf. It took 5 days for Ifan Chen to get the authorization.  On the issue of the frontier, Ifan Chen maintained China had occupied as far west as Giamda, thus this would encompass Pomed, Markham, Zayul, Derge, Gyade, Draya, Batang, Kokonor and Litang. Lonchen Shatra replied that Tibet had always been an independent nation and at one point a Chinese princess had been married to a Tibetan ruler and a boundary pillar had been erected by them at Marugong. Ifan Chen countered by stating the so called pillar was erected 300 li west and soon both argued over the history of pillars and boundary claims going back centuries. China claimed their historical evidence was that of Zhao Erfengs expedition of 1906-1911 which constituted a effective occupation recognized under international law. Lonchen Shatra said that was ridiculous and that what Zhao Erfeng had performed was a raid and thus unlawful.  McMahon meanwhile formed the idea of distinguishing Inner and Outer Tibet. He based this on the premise the Chinese had only really occupied Outer Tibet and never Inner Tibet. McMahon proposed formalizing this with official boundaries and pulled up old maps dating back to the 9th century for border lines. He also brought out maps from the 18th century and using both came up with two defined zones for Inner and Outer Tibet. Lonchen Shatra opposed some parts of Outer Tibet should be added to Inner Tibet and Ifan Chen argued some parts of Inner Tibet should be given to Sichuan province. A series of confused negotiations began over historical claims over territory, while border skirmishes erupted between the Tibetans and Chinese. McMahon losing his patience appealed to both men stating for "can we have a broad and statesmanlike spirit of compromise so that our labors could be brought to a speedy conclusion”. Ifan Chen maintained it was still premature to draft anything since they had not established what was Inner and Outer Tibet. Finally in April of 1914 a draft convention, with a map was begun by the 3 men. Ifan Chen was the most reluctant but gradually accepted it. Britain and China agreed to leave Tibet as a neutral zone, free of their interference. However China repudiated Ifan Chen's plenipotentiary actions, stating he had been coerced into the draft convention, McMahon said that was ridiculous. China charged McMahon for being unfriendly to China and having an uncompromising attitude, which is funny because if I read to you every single meeting these men had, it was 99% Ifan Chen not budging on a single issue. China continued to lobby for more and more adjustments, but all would be turned down prompting China to state they would not sign the convention. The official boundary between Inner and Outer Tibet became known as the McMahon line, it was negotiated between Britain and Tibet separately. The convention stated Tibet formed part of Chinese territory, after the Tibetans selected a Dalai Lama, the Chinese government would be notified and a Chinese commissioner in Lhasa would quote "formally communicate to His Holiness the titles consistent with his dignity, which have been conferred by the Chinese Government". The Tibetan government would appoint all officers for Outer Tibet and Outer Tibet would not be represented in the Chinese parliament or any other such assembly. China refused to acknowledge any of it. This entire situation remains a problem to this very day as most of you probably assumed. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Mongolia saw some bitter fighting between Red and White Russians and Chinese, and would gradually gravitate towards the Soviets. The case of Tibet, unlike Mongolia, was somewhat less violent, but a political maelstrom nonetheless. The chaos of China's warlord Era would greatly affect these two, well into the 1930's.  

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In this week's episode, we are doing another podcast swap!  In the episode we are sharing today, Nicole and Rachel talk about the Takhi horse, a non domesticated species of horse that is highly revered and worshipped by the people of Mongolia, area of Gobi.  And subsequently, the conservation that helped to save this amazing ancient horse.  Archeologists have found that this species of horse was not domesticated and that the Mongolian people see it as a sacred symbol of their history, heritage, and landscape. Thanks so much for swapping with us, Best Biome! We love your passion for grasslands and the ecosystems that are living in them! Please follow them wherever you listen to podcasts and check out their website grasslandgroupies.org for more details and where you can find them via social media!  Show Notes: https://www.grasslandgroupies.org/the-best-biome/ https://www.facebook.com/GrasslandGroupies 

Thanks to Will and Måns for their suggestions this week! Let's learn about some mystery bovids, or cows and cow relations! Further reading: A Book of Creatures: Songòmby Kouprey: The Ultimate Mystery Mammal A musk ox (top) and a wild yak (bottom): A young kouprey bull from the 1930s: Sculpture of two grown kouprey bulls [photo by Christian Pirkl - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73848355]: A banteng bull (with a cow behind him) [photo taken from this site]: A qilin/kilin/kirin looking backwards: The "purple" calf: The Milka purple cow: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. This week we're going to learn about some mystery bovids, or cow relations, suggested by Will and Måns, whose name I am probably mispronouncing. We'll start with a mystery about the musk ox, which is not otherwise a mysterious animal. Måns emailed about reading a children's book about animals that had a picture of a musk ox in the part about the Gobi Desert. The problem is, the musk ox is native to the Arctic and was once found throughout Greenland, northern Canada, Alaska, and Siberia. So the question is, was the book wrong or are there really musk oxen in the Gobi Desert? We'll start by learning about the musk ox and the Gobi Desert. The musk ox can stand up to 5 feet tall at the shoulder, or 1.5 meters. It has thick, dense, shaggy fur all over, a tiny tail only about four inches long, or 10 cm, and horns that curve down close to the sides of its head and then curve up again at the ends. The musk ox is well adapted to the cold, which isn't a surprise since it evolved during the ice ages. Its ancestors lived alongside mammoths, woolly rhinos, and other Pleistocene megafauna. Like many cold-adapted animals, its fur consists of a thick undercoat that keeps it warm, and a much longer layer of fur that protects the softer undercoat. The undercoat is so soft and so good at keeping the animal warm in bitterly cold temperatures that people will sometimes keep musk oxen in order to gather the undercoat in spring when it starts to shed, to use for making clothing and blankets. But it's definitely not a domesticated animal. It can be aggressive and extremely dangerous. A warm coat isn't the musk ox's only cold adaptation. The hemoglobin in its blood is able to function well even when it's cold, which isn't the case for most mammals. It lives in small herds that gather close together in really cold weather to share body heat, and if a predator threatens the herd, the adults will form a ring around the calves, their heads facing outward. Since a musk ox is huge, heavy, and can run surprisingly fast, plus it has horns, if a wolf or other predator is butted by a musk ox it might end up fatally injured. The main predator of the musk ox is the human, who hunted it almost to extinction by the early 20th century. It was completely extirpated in Alaska but was reintroduced there and in parts of Canada in the late 20th century. Similarly, it was reintroduced to parts of Siberia and even parts of northern Europe, although not all the European introductions were successful. So what about the Gobi Desert? It's nowhere near the Arctic. Not all deserts are hot. A desert just has limited rainfall, and the Gobi is a cold desert. Parts of the Gobi are grasslands and parts are sandy or rocky, and it covers a huge expanse of land in central Asia, mainly divided between northern China and southern Mongolia. Some parts of it do get limited rainfall in the summer and limited snowfall and frost in the winter, but for the most part it's dry and therefore has limited vegetation for animals to eat. Animals do live in the Gobi, though. The wild Bactrian camel, which has two humps, is found nowhere else in the world and is critically endangered. The Mongolian wild ass lives in parts of the Gobi, as do several species of antelope and gazelle,