random Wiki of the Day

rWotD Episode 3072: Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 1 October 2025, is Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad.The Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad was built between Norfolk and Petersburg, Virginia and was completed by 1858. The line was 85 miles (137 km) of 5 ft (1,524 mm) track gauge.It played a role on the American Civil War (1861–1865), and became part of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM&O) in 1870. The AM&O became the Norfolk and Western (N&W) in 1881. About 100 years later, the Norfolk and Western was combined with the Southern Railway, another profitable carrier, to form the Norfolk Southern Railway in 1982.In the 21st century, almost all of the original well-engineered N&P, including the corduroy roadbed through the Great Dismal Swamp and 52-mile tangent alignment is still in service. It forms part of a major coal export route terminating at Lambert's Point near Hampton Roads. In addition to coal, most of the route is in active use in the 20th century for intermodal container and automobile parts and completed vehicle shipments.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:09 UTC on Wednesday, 1 October 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Ivy.

rWotD Episode 3071: Landscape painting Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 30 September 2025, is Landscape painting.Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in painting of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition. In other works, landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the work. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the composition. Detailed landscapes as a distinct subject are not found in all artistic traditions, and develop when there is already a sophisticated tradition of representing other subjects.Two main traditions spring from Western painting and Chinese art, going back well over a thousand years in both cases. The recognition of a spiritual element in landscape art is present from its beginnings in East Asian art, drawing on Daoism and other philosophical traditions, but in the West only becomes explicit with Romanticism.Landscape views in art may be entirely imaginary, or copied from reality with varying degrees of accuracy. If the primary purpose of a picture is to depict an actual, specific place, especially including buildings prominently, it is called a topographical view. Such views, extremely common as prints in the West, are often seen as inferior to fine art landscapes, although the distinction is not always meaningful; similar prejudices existed in Chinese art, where literati painting usually depicted imaginary views, while professional artists painted real views.The word "landscape" entered the modern English language as landskip (variously spelt), an anglicization of the Dutch landschap, around the start of the 17th century, purely as a term for works of art, with its first use as a word for a painting in 1598. Within a few decades it was used to describe vistas in poetry, and eventually as a term for real views. However, the cognate term landscaef or landskipe for a cleared patch of land had existed in Old English, though it is not recorded from Middle English.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:55 UTC on Tuesday, 30 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Landscape painting on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ayanda.

rWotD Episode 3070: Liðsmannaflokkr Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 29 September 2025, is Liðsmannaflokkr.Liðsmannaflokkr ("household troop's poem") is the title of a skaldic poem in ten stanzas describing the capture of London by Cnut the Great in 1016, preserved in Óláfs saga helga and Flateyjarbók (fol. 186v), and in a shorter version in Knýtlinga saga.Óláfs saga attributes the poem to Olaf himself, while according to Knýtlinga saga, the poem was composed by members of Cnut's household troops during the London campaign. According to Poole (1991), the latter version is more credible.Stanza 7 praises Cnut's actions in battle, Knútr réð ok bað bíða,baugstalls, Dani alla,lundr gekk rǫskr und randir,ríkr, vá herr við díki;nær vas, sveit þars sóttum,syn, með hjalm ok brynju,elds, sem olmum heldielg Rennandi kennir."Cnut decided and commanded all the Danes to wait; the 'mighty tree of the ring support' (baugstalls lundr ríkr) went bravely under the shields; the army fought by the moat. Lady,where we sought out the enemy with helmet and mail-shirt, it was nearly as if the 'master of the fire of Rennandi' (elds Rennandi kennir) were holding a maddened elk."This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:00 UTC on Monday, 29 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Liðsmannaflokkr on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Ayanda.

rWotD Episode 3069: Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 28 September 2025, is Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development.Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development was a paper read by B. R. Ambedkar at an anthropological seminar of Alexander Goldenweiser in New York on 9 May 1916. It was later published in volume XLVI of Indian Antiquary in May 1917. In the same year, Ambedkar was awarded a PhD degree by Columbia University on this topic. In 1979, the Education Department of the Government of Maharashtra (Bombay) published this article in the collection of Ambedkar's writings and speeches Volume 1; later, it was translated in many languages.In the paper, Ambedkar made a presentation a social phenomenon that emerged from the strategy of the Brahmins who adopted a strictly endogamous matrimonial regime, leading the other groups to do the same in order to emulate this self-proclaimed elite. He said that "the superposition of endogamy on exogamy means the creation of caste".This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:15 UTC on Sunday, 28 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Kendra.

rWotD Episode 3068: 2016 United States Senate elections Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 27 September 2025, is 2016 United States Senate elections.The 2016 United States Senate elections were held on November 8, 2016. The presidential election, House elections, 14 gubernatorial elections, and many state and local elections were held concurrently. In the elections, 34 of the 100 seats—all Class 3 Senate seats—were contested in regular elections; the winners served six-year terms until January 3, 2023. Class 3 had last been up for election in 2010 when Republicans won a net gain of six seats. In 2016, Democrats defended 10 seats, while Republicans defended 24 seats. Republicans, having won a majority of seats in the Senate in 2014, held the Senate majority with 54 seats before this election. Although the Democrats made a net gain of two seats, Republicans retained control of the Senate for the 115th United States Congress. The two Democratic gains came from the defeats of incumbents Kelly Ayotte in New Hampshire and Mark Kirk in Illinois by Maggie Hassan and Tammy Duckworth, respectively.Despite Republicans retaining control of the Senate, 2016 marked the first time since 1986 where Democrats made a net gain of seats in Class 3. This is also the only election cycle since the popular-vote election of senators was mandated by the 17th Amendment in 1913 that the winning party in every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election. This feat had nearly been accomplished earlier in 1920, which also involved the Class 3 Senate seats, and nearly repeated in 2020; in both cases, every state, with the exception of Kentucky in 1920 and Maine in 2020, voted for the same party in the presidential election and their Senate election. In addition, this election marked the first time since 2000 in which the party in opposition to the elected or reelected presidential candidate made net gains in the Senate; both cases involved the election of a Republican president and the Democrats making gains in the Senate.With the retirement of Harry Reid, Chuck Schumer became the Democratic leader after the elections, while Mitch McConnell retained his position as Senate Majority Leader. As of 2024, this is the last time Republicans won Senate races in Arizona and Georgia, and the last senate election cycle where there were no special elections.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:10 UTC on Saturday, 27 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see 2016 United States Senate elections on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ruth.

rWotD Episode 3067: 1947 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 26 September 2025, is 1947 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team.The 1947 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team represented Illinois State Normal University—now known as Illinois State University—as a member of the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1947 college football season. The team was led by third-year head coach Edwin Struck and played its home games at McCormick Field. The Redbirds finished the season with a 4–3–2 overall record and a 1–1–2 record in conference play, placing third in the IIAC.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:49 UTC on Friday, 26 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see 1947 Illinois State Normal Redbirds football team on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Joanna.

rWotD Episode 3066: Marble Island (New Brunswick) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 25 September 2025, is Marble Island (New Brunswick).Marble Island (also called Marvel Island, Rouen Islet or Rowan Islet) is an undeveloped island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay.It may have been occupied 3000 years ago. Archaeological excavation was done on the island by Stephen A. Davis and Albert Ferguson in the 1970s-80s. Four double-grooved stone axes of indeterminate age, possibly from the terminal archaic period, were recovered by Davis from Marble Island in 1982. BfDr8 is on the island.As David Owen had rejected efforts to build a customs house on Campobello Island, objecting to its aesthetic value in sketches and coincidentally reducing his trouble shipping across the international border, the government was forced to build one on Marble Island which proved less than effective.Three trading posts, belonging to James Simonds, William Hazen and White, are believed to have been built on Marble Island. In 1849, Marble Island merchant George N. Kay was wounded in the right lung, one of 120 people injured and dozens killed in New York's Astor Place Riot revolving around whether a British or American actor better cast in Shakespeare's roles.On May 16, 1866 nine armed Fenians landed on Marble Island and took possession of Norwood's house until New Brunswick militia members dislodged them the following morning.The island has been identified as one of those written about in the 1604 writings of Samuel Champlain and Sieur de Monts.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:30 UTC on Thursday, 25 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Marble Island (New Brunswick) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ivy.

rWotD Episode 3065: Raichand Boral Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 24 September 2025, is Raichand Boral.Rai Chand Boral (19 October 1903 – 25 November 1981) was an Indian composer, considered by music connoisseurs to be the Bhishma Pitamah, the father of film music in India.He was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest award in Indian cinema, given by Government of India, in 1978, and also in the same year, the Sangeet Natak Akademi award, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:54 UTC on Wednesday, 24 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Raichand Boral on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Salli.

rWotD Episode 3064: Drygarn Fawr Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 23 September 2025, is Drygarn Fawr.Drygarn Fawr is a mountain in the county of Powys, Wales. It is one of the highest summits in Mid Wales at 645 metres (2,116 ft) above sea level. It lies to the south of the Elan Valley Reservoirs. Rising above the remote moorland plateau of the Cambrian Mountains, and to the west of the peaks of Radnor Forest, the summit is topped by two distinctive, large cairns. The mountain has a gentle, grassy, conical shape with a few rocks near the summit. Nearby are the summits of Gorllwyn, Y Gamriw, and Drum yr Eira all over 600m.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:06 UTC on Tuesday, 23 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Drygarn Fawr on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Brian.

rWotD Episode 3063: Charles Henry Chomley Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 22 September 2025, is Charles Henry Chomley.Charles Henry Chomley (28 April 1868 – 21 October 1942) was an Australian farmer, barrister, writer, and journalist. His non-fiction and fiction works alike reflected his strong interest and involvement in politics and law.He was born in Sale, Victoria, to banker Henry Baker Chomley and his wife Eliza (daughter of lawyer and politician Thomas Turner à Beckett). He was nephew to prominent Victorians Arthur Wolfe Chomley (barrister) and Hussey Malone Chomley (Police Commissioner) and uncle to Martin Boyd, noted Australian novelist.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:02 UTC on Monday, 22 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Charles Henry Chomley on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ayanda.

rWotD Episode 3062: Knights of Valour Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 21 September 2025, is Knights of Valour.Knights of Valour (simplified Chinese: 三国战纪; traditional Chinese: 三國戰紀; pinyin: Sān Guó Zhàn Jì) is a side-scrolling beat 'em up video game series released by International Games System (IGS). The plot is loosely adapted from the 14th century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, and features the Five Tiger Generals, Zhuge Liang, Diaochan and others as playable characters. The gameplay involves the use of magical powers that are not featured in other games also based on the novel.The series includes eleven games, including five main titles: Knights of Valour (1999), Knights of Valour 2 (2000), Knights of Valour: The Seven Spirits (2003), Knights of Valour 3 (2011), and the remade Knights of Valour (2015). The original games were developed for arcades and released in Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, Korean and English. All but two games in the series ran on the IGS' own PolyGame Master arcade hardware, the exceptions being KOV The Seven Spirits, which was released on Sammy Corporation's Atomiswave (later received a homebrew port for the Dreamcast in 2020), and the Knights of Valour 3D iteration, which was released online for PlayStation 4 and mobile.A 3D installment of Knights of Valour for the PlayStation 4, as a free-to-play game, was originally slated for release in Spring 2015 in Asia and Japan, but was delayed to a summer release. The game is monetized by selling the ability to continue after being defeated and supports up to four players online. A beta version was released for trial for PlayStation Plus subscribers on the PS4. GamesInFlame acquired the rights to publish the game in Europe and Australia.In April 2023, IGS released the IGS Classic Arcade Collection on the Nintendo Switch, a compilation of eight games originally created for the IGS PolyGame Master. Included in the collection are Knights of Valour Plus, Knights of Valour Superheroes and Knights of Valour 2 - Nine Dragons.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:39 UTC on Sunday, 21 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Knights of Valour on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Joey.

rWotD Episode 3061: John Boardman (art historian) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 20 September 2025, is John Boardman (art historian).Sir John Boardman, (; 20 August 1927 – 23 May 2024) was a British classical archaeologist and art historian of ancient Greek art. Educated at Chigwell School in Essex and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Boardman worked as assistant director of the British School at Athens between 1952 and 1955 before taking up a position as an assistant keeper at the Ashmolean Museum, part of the University of Oxford. He succeeded John Beazley as Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at the university in 1978, remaining in post until his retirement in 1994.Boardman's academic work focused on the art and archaeology of ancient Greece, with a particular focus on Greek colonisation, jewellery and vase-painting. He was made a Fellow of the British Academy, which awarded him its Kenyon Medal in 1995. He was also awarded the Onassis Prize for Humanities in 2009.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:13 UTC on Saturday, 20 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see John Boardman (art historian) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Justin.

rWotD Episode 3060: Disk buffer Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 19 September 2025, is Disk buffer.In computer storage, a disk buffer (often ambiguously called a disk cache or a cache buffer) is the embedded memory in a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) acting as a buffer between the rest of the computer and the physical hard disk platter or flash memory that is used for storage. Modern hard disk drives come with 8 to 256 MiB of such memory, and solid-state drives come with up to 4 GB of cache memory.Since the late 1980s, nearly all disks sold have embedded microcontrollers and either an ATA, Serial ATA, SCSI, or Fibre Channel interface. The drive circuitry usually has a small amount of memory, used to store the data going to and coming from the disk platters.The disk buffer is physically distinct from and is used differently from the page cache typically kept by the operating system in the computer's main memory. The disk buffer is controlled by the microcontroller in the hard disk drive, and the page cache is controlled by the computer to which that disk is attached. The disk buffer is usually quite small, ranging between 8 MB and 4 GB, and the page cache is generally all unused main memory. While data in the page cache is reused multiple times, the data in the disk buffer is rarely reused. In this sense, the terms disk cache and cache buffer are misnomers; the embedded controller's memory is more appropriately called disk buffer.Note that disk array controllers, as opposed to disk controllers, usually have normal cache memory of around 0.5–8 GiB.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:15 UTC on Friday, 19 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Disk buffer on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Niamh.

rWotD Episode 3059: Santa Marta de Penaguião Municipal Chamber Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 18 September 2025, is Santa Marta de Penaguião Municipal Chamber.The Santa Marta de Penaguião Municipal Chamber (Portuguese: Câmara Municipal de Santa Marta de Penaguião) is the administrative authority in the municipality of Santa Marta de Penaguião. It has 7 freguesias in its area of jurisdiction and is based in the town of Santa Marta de Penaguião, on the Vila Real District. These freguesias are: Alvações do Corgo; Cumieira; Fontes; Lobrigos (São Miguel e São João Baptista) e Sanhoane; Louredo e Fornelos; Medrões and Sever.The Santa Marta de Penaguião City Council is made up of 5 councillors, representing, currently, two different political forces. The first candidate on the list with the most votes in a municipal election or, in the event of a vacancy, the next candidate on the list, takes office as President of the Municipal Chamber.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:14 UTC on Thursday, 18 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Santa Marta de Penaguião Municipal Chamber on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Kendra.

rWotD Episode 3058: Forensic Science Laboratory bombing Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 17 September 2025, is Forensic Science Laboratory bombing.The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) targeted the Northern Ireland Forensic Science Laboratory (NIFSL) facilities on Newtownbreda Road in the southern outskirts of Belfast with a large 3,000 lb bomb on 23 September 1992. The huge impact of the bomb destroyed the lab and damaged over 1,000 homes within a 1.5 mile radius, including adjacent Belvoir Park, a Protestant housing estate. It was one of the biggest bombs ever detonated during Northern Ireland's Troubles, causing massive damage and being felt over 10 miles away. Hundreds of residents had to be treated for shock. Several military vehicles were damaged. The lab was a key target because it analysed evidence in cases involving IRA attacks. The IRA had given a warning, and British Army bomb disposal experts were investigating an abandoned van when the explosion occurred. One estimate put the repair damage cost at £20 million at the time.According to journalist and author Toby Harnden, the attack was planned and carried out from beginning to end by the IRA South Armagh Brigade. Volunteers from the brigade hijacked a truck near Newry and packed it with explosives weighing 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg). They left the truck outside the Forensic Science Laboratory at 8:40pm. Nearly 45 minutes later, after a coded warning, the bomb exploded.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:19 UTC on Wednesday, 17 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Forensic Science Laboratory bombing on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Emma.

rWotD Episode 3057: Apartment House 1776 Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 16 September 2025, is Apartment House 1776.Apartment House 1776 is a 1976 composition by the American composer John Cage, composed for the United States Bicentennial and premiered by six orchestras across the country in 1976. The work was commissioned jointly by the orchestras of Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia. In these performances, the work was performed together with Cage's 1975–76 orchestral work Renga.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:06 UTC on Tuesday, 16 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Apartment House 1776 on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Salli.

rWotD Episode 3056: Rhodamine B Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 15 September 2025, is Rhodamine B.Rhodamine B is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with fluorometers.Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with auramine O, as the auramine-rhodamine stain to demonstrate acid-fast organisms, notably Mycobacterium. Rhodamine dyes are also used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:36 UTC on Monday, 15 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Rhodamine B on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Kevin.

rWotD Episode 3055: Kitts Hummock, Delaware Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 14 September 2025, is Kitts Hummock, Delaware.Kitts Hummock is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Kitts Hummock is located on the Delaware Bay at the end of Kitts Hummock Road, southeast of Dover. It was originally named "Kidds Hammock" after 17th century pirate Captain William Kidd and rumors he buried treasure there. The "Hammock" referred to is the ecological version, meaning a stand of hardwood trees, and the name was inadvertently changed by employees of the Delaware Department of Transportation. A hummock is a similar rise in elevation, leading some to believe the reasoning behind the name.Kitts Hummock Beach is an official sanctuary for horseshoe crabs, the state marine animal of Delaware and a "signature species" of the Delaware Bay Estuary.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:17 UTC on Sunday, 14 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Kitts Hummock, Delaware on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm long-form Danielle.

rWotD Episode 3054: Bernt Theodor Anker Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 13 September 2025, is Bernt Theodor Anker.Bernt Theodor Anker (7 March 1867 – 21 August 1943) was a Norwegian linguist, priest and author. Anker was one of the first priests to use Nynorsk from the pulpit, and was a strong proponent of Nynorsk in the church and in society.He was born in Vestre Aker and grew up in Bergen and in Risor, where his father was the customs inspector from 1877. He attended the Latin school in Drammen during 1884. Anker finished his Cand.theol. at the University of Oslo in 1890, where he had studied theology, comparative studies, and politics. Anker worked as a priest and teacher throughout his professional life. He first served as a sexton in Arendal from 1890-93 followed be assignments as parish priest in Søndeled, Kviteseid and Lårdal. He finished his career as provost of Hardanger og Voss prosti in Hordaland.Theologically, he was strongly influenced by the writing of N. F. S. Grundtvig and became involved in Grundtvigianism. He was also active in youth work throughout his life. He translated four historical books and four prophetical books of the Old Testament for the first translation of the Holy Bible into Nynorsk in 1921. One of his hymns appears in Norsk Salmebok, the hymnal of the Church of Norway.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:18 UTC on Saturday, 13 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Bernt Theodor Anker on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ayanda.

rWotD Episode 3053: EFunds Corporation Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 12 September 2025, is EFunds Corporation.EFD (or eFunds Corporation) was a Scottsdale, Arizona based payments processor of electronic payments including debit card and automated teller machine (ATM) transactions. It provided financial service companies and other large enterprises with new account decisions, fraud detection and payment processing services. On June 27, 2007, Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. (FIS) announced that it was acquiring EFD in an all-cash transaction valued at about $1.8B. The target completion date for the acquisition was the 3rd quarter of 2007.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:01 UTC on Friday, 12 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see EFunds Corporation on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Stephen.

rWotD Episode 3052: Tavolzhan Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 11 September 2025, is Tavolzhan.Tavolzhan (Russian: Озеро Таволжан), also known as Solyonoye (Russian: Озеро Солёное) is a salt lake in Sladkovsky District, Tyumen Oblast, Russian Federation.The lake is the largest in the district and is located 20 kilometers (12 mi) to the southwest of Sladkovo, the district capital. Tavolzhan village lies by the eastern lakeshore, Alexandrovka close to the southwestern end and Mikhailovka near the southern shore. The nearest city is Petropavl in Kazakhstan, 63 kilometers (39 mi) to the southwest of the southern end.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:00 UTC on Thursday, 11 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Tavolzhan on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Olivia.

rWotD Episode 3051: Charlie Oliver (trade unionist) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 10 September 2025, is Charlie Oliver (trade unionist).Cecil Thompson "Charlie" Oliver AM (23 December 1901 – 24 February 1990) was an Australian trade unionist and politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1948 to 1951, representing the seat of Boulder, and was later prominent in the labour movement in New South Wales as the state secretary (1951–1978) and state president (1980–1985) of the Australian Workers' Union.Oliver was born in Bangor, Carnarvonshire, Wales, to Elizabeth (née Thompson) and John Murray Oliver. His family moved to England when he was a child, living first in Chester and later in Liverpool. He left school at the age of 13 to work as an agricultural labourer, and emigrated to Western Australia after World War I with an older brother. Oliver initially settled in Meekatharra, where he worked as a miner, and later also lived in Koolanooka, Perenjori, and Big Bell. He joined the Australian Workers' Union (AWU) in 1923, and in 1942 accepted a position as a district-level organiser.In 1943, Oliver was appointed state secretary of the AWU's mining division, which was based in Boulder. He entered parliament at the 1948 Boulder by-election, which had been caused by the death of Philip Collier (a former premier). His chief opponent was the Liberal Party candidate, Billy Snedden, who was a future federal Leader of the Opposition. Oliver was re-elected unopposed at the 1950 state election, but felt under-utilised in parliament, and in mid-1951 resigned to accept a position as the AWU's New South Wales state secretary.Oliver remained AWU state secretary until 1978, helping to improve the union's finances and membership numbers. He then served as AWU state president from 1980 to 1985. Oliver also served as ALP state vice-president during the 1955 party split, and was credited with helping to reduce its impact. He was elected state president of the party in 1960, and remained in the position until his voluntary resignation in 1970, although the party won only a single state election during that time (in 1962). In retirement, Oliver lived in Sydney, dying there in February 1990 (aged 88). He had been made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1984, "for services to trade unionism".This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:16 UTC on Wednesday, 10 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Charlie Oliver (trade unionist) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Brian.

rWotD Episode 3050: Florencia Klipauka Lewtak Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 9 September 2025, is Florencia Klipauka Lewtak.Florencia Naiara Klipauka Lewtak (born 22 December 1993) is an Argentine politician. She has been a member of the National Chamber of Deputies since 2021, elected for the Juntos por el Cambio coalition in Misiones Province. Since 2024, she took position in favour of Javier Milei politics so she decided to have sat in the La Libertad Avanza parliamentary bloc.She belongs to the local Activar party.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:05 UTC on Tuesday, 9 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Florencia Klipauka Lewtak on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ruth.

rWotD Episode 3049: Hermann Baranowski Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 8 September 2025, is Hermann Baranowski.Hermann Baranowski (11 June 1884 in Schwerin – 5 February 1940 in Aue) was a German politician and military figure. A member of the Nazi Party, he is best known as the commandant of two German concentration camps of the SS Death's Head unit. In April 1900, at the age of fifteen, he volunteered for the navy and fought in the First World War, serving aboard the SMS Moltke. In 1912 he married August Dibbern with whom he had two children, a boy and a girl. In 1930 he was discharged as a lieutenant and then worked first as an office clerk in Kiel and later as a sales representative in Hamburg.Baranowski joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) in 1930. The following year he signed up for the SS (SS #24009). His first appointment was as the leader of the 4th SS Standarte in Hamburg-Altona. In March 1936 Himmler appointed him commandant of the Lichtenburg concentration camp. However, he was soon removed, demoted and sent as a Lagerführer (compound leader) at Dachau concentration camp.However, in 1938 he was promoted to Schutzhaftlagerführer at Dachau concentration camp. He served as the commandant (SS-Oberführer) of Sachsenhausen concentration camp from May 1938 until September 1939. He died at Aue in 1940.He was noted to be especially sadistic. However, Rudolf Höss, commandant at Auschwitz, described Baranowski as: very strict and hard, but of a scrupulous sense of fair play and fanatical sense of duty. As a very old SS leader and National Socialist he became my role model. I constantly saw in him a grander reflection of myself. He also had movements where his good nature, his soft heart revealed themselves, and yet he was hard and uncompromisingly strict in all matters of duty. So he constantly brought home to me how the hard 'must' demanded by the SS had to silence all soft stirrings.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:10 UTC on Monday, 8 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Hermann Baranowski on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm long-form Ruth.

rWotD Episode 3048: Rockin' in the Rockies Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 7 September 2025, is Rockin' in the Rockies.Rockin' in the Rockies is a 1945 American musical western feature film starring the Three Stooges (not to be confused with their 1940 short subject Rockin' thru the Rockies). The picture is one of the Stooges' few feature-length films made during the run of their better-known series of short subjects for Columbia Pictures, although the group had appeared in supporting roles in other features. It is the only Stooges feature-length film with the team's best known line-up (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Curly Howard) in starring roles.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:02 UTC on Sunday, 7 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Rockin' in the Rockies on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Brian.

rWotD Episode 3047: Star Hawkins Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 6 September 2025, is Star Hawkins.Star Hawkins is a science fiction detective character appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily their flagship science-fiction anthology title Strange Adventures. He and his ever-present robot assistant Ilda first appeared in Strange Adventures #114 (March 1960) and featured in 21 issues of the title, but after that only made four other appearances in other DC Comics before he was killed off in Mystery In Space vol 2 #2 (December 2006). The characters were created by John Broome and Mike Sekowsky.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:52 UTC on Saturday, 6 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Star Hawkins on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm long-form Danielle.

rWotD Episode 3046: Dalal Al-Bizri Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 5 September 2025, is Dalal Al-Bizri.Dalal Al-Bizri (Arabic: دلال البزري) is a Lebanese researcher, writer, and lecturer. She was born in Lebanon, lived for more than ten years in Cairo in Egypt where she conducted researches on sociology before going back to settle in Beirut again after the Arab Uprising.Al-Bizri was the director of the review "Bāḥit̲āt" published by the Union of Lebanese Women Researchers in 1994. She is a regular columnist in several media such as Courrier International, Al-Mustaqbal, and Nawafidh.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:13 UTC on Friday, 5 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Dalal Al-Bizri on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Amy.

rWotD Episode 3045: Nelson Mandela Boulevard Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 4 September 2025, is Nelson Mandela Boulevard.Nelson Mandela Boulevard (Persian: بلوار نلسون ماندلا) (old name: Jordan Street and Africa Boulevard) still known as Jordan is an affluent and upper-class district in northern Tehran, Iran. Some people draw similarities between Jordan District and the Kensington area in London as the area is a mixture of residential and commercial locale, filled with the homes and businesses of politicians, diplomats, expatriates, and artists. Before the Iranian Revolution in 1979, it was called Jordan Street, named after the American Presbyterian missionary Samuel M. Jordan and used to be one of Tehran's most popular avenues. Renamed Nelson Mandela Boulevard in recent years, it is amongst the most famous streets in northern Tehran after Valiasr Street which is the longest conventional street in the Middle East. It is also famous for being one of the liveliest streets of Tehran, experiencing regular traffic jams even at 2:00 am during summer.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:45 UTC on Thursday, 4 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Nelson Mandela Boulevard on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Niamh.

rWotD Episode 3044: 2012–13 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 3 September 2025, is 2012–13 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team.The 2012–13 Oklahoma Sooners basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Sooners were led by Lon Kruger in his second season. The team played its home games at the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 20–12, 11–7 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 tournament to Iowa State. The received an at-large bid to the 2013 NCAA tournament, where they lost in the second round to San Diego State.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:10 UTC on Wednesday, 3 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see 2012–13 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Joey.

rWotD Episode 3043: Kaleidoscope (American band) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 2 September 2025, is Kaleidoscope (American band).Kaleidoscope (originally the Kaleidoscope) was an American psychedelic folk group who recorded four albums and several singles for Epic Records between 1966 and 1970. The band membership included David Lindley, who later released numerous solo albums and won additional renown as a multi-instrumentalist session musician, and Chris Darrow who later performed and recorded with a number of groups including the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:04 UTC on Tuesday, 2 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Kaleidoscope (American band) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Ivy.

rWotD Episode 3042: Vila Belmira Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 1 September 2025, is Vila Belmira.Vila Belmira is a rural neighborhood of Itapevi, municipality in the state of São Paulo, located southwest of its urban center.The postcode of the neighborhood begins with 06675.Being a rural neighborhood, residences are the predominant farms and country houses with large pastures for livestock, rich vegetation and unpaved roads.Besides rich vegetation, the neighborhood also has natural springs and Atlantic Forest largely preserved its territory.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:00 UTC on Monday, 1 September 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Vila Belmira on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm long-form Danielle.

rWotD Episode 3041: Stephen Morse Wheeler Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 31 August 2025, is Stephen Morse Wheeler.Stephen Morse Wheeler (August 30, 1900 – March 7, 1967) was a justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1957 to 1967.Born in Atkinson, New Hampshire, Wheeler served in the United States Army in World War I, and was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives from his home town in 1923, making him at the time the youngest person to be elected to the New Hampshire state legislature. He received his law degree from the Northeastern University School of Law in 1927, gaining admission to the bar in New Hampshire in 1928. Wheeler served as county solicitor of Rockingham County, New Hampshire, from 1937 to 1942, when he was nominated for the position Attorney General of New Hampshire by Governor Robert O. Blood, to succeed Frank R. Kenison, who had taken leave from the office to serve in World War II. Kenison endorsed his assistant, Ernest D. D'Amours, to succeed him as attorney general, but Governor Blood preferred Wheeler, and the state council approved Wheeler as the governor's nominee, by a 3-2 vote. Wheeler served from 1942 to 1944. He then served on the New Hampshire Superior Court until March 15, 1957, when Governor Lane Dwinell appointed Wheeler to the state supreme court.Wheeler was married to Marion Taylor, with whom he had two sons. Wheeler died from a heart attack while shoveling snow outside his home in Exeter, New Hampshire, at the age of 66.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:38 UTC on Sunday, 31 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Stephen Morse Wheeler on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Olivia.

rWotD Episode 3040: Digital holographic microscopy Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 30 August 2025, is Digital holographic microscopy.Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is digital holography applied to microscopy. Digital holographic microscopy distinguishes itself from other microscopy methods by not recording the projected image of the object. Instead, the light wave front information originating from the object is digitally recorded as a hologram, from which a computer calculates the object image by using a numerical reconstruction algorithm. The image forming lens in traditional microscopy is thus replaced by a computer algorithm.Other closely related microscopy methods to digital holographic microscopy are interferometric microscopy, optical coherence tomography and diffraction phase microscopy. Common to all methods is the use of a reference wave front to obtain amplitude (intensity) and phase information. The information is recorded on a digital image sensor or by a photodetector from which an image of the object is created (reconstructed) by a computer. In traditional microscopy, which do not use a reference wave front, only intensity information is recorded and essential information about the object is lost.Holography was invented by Dennis Gabor to improve electron microscopy. Nevertheless, it never found many concrete and industrial applications in this field.Actually, DHM has mostly been applied to light microscopy. In this field, it has shown unique applications for 3D characterization of technical samples and enables quantitative characterization of living cells.In materials science, DHM is routinely used for research in academic and industrial labs. Depending on the application, microscopes can be configured for both transmission and reflection purposes. DHM is a unique solution for 4D (3D + time) characterization of technical samples, when information needs to be acquired over a short time interval. It is the case for measurements in noisy environments, in presence of vibrations, when the samples move, or when the shape of samples change due to external stimuli, such as mechanical, electrical, or magnetic forces, chemical erosion or deposition and evaporation. In life sciences, DHM is usually configured in transmission mode. This enables label-free quantitative phase measurement (QPM), also called quantitative phase imaging (QPI), of living cells. Measurements do not affect the cells, enabling long-term studies. It provides information that can be interpreted into many underlying biological processes as explained in the section "Living cells imaging" below.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:12 UTC on Saturday, 30 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Digital holographic microscopy on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Raveena.

rWotD Episode 3039: 2002 NatWest Series Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 29 August 2025, is 2002 NatWest Series.The 2002 NatWest Series was a One Day International cricket tri-series sponsored by the National Westminster Bank that took place in England between 27 June and 13 July 2002. The series involved the national teams of England, India and Sri Lanka. Ten matches were played in total, with each team playing one another thrice during the group stage. The teams which finished in the top two positions following the group stages qualified for the final, which India won by defeating England at Lord's on 13 July by 2 wickets. Preceding the series, England played Sri Lanka in a three Test series, while following the series, India played England in a four Test series.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:12 UTC on Friday, 29 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see 2002 NatWest Series on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Brian.

rWotD Episode 3038: Nikon Coolpix P6000 Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 28 August 2025, is Nikon Coolpix P6000.The Coolpix P6000 is a digital camera introduced by the Nikon Corporation in August 2008.The built-in GPS (to support geocoding photos automatically) is a first in its price-range.The Ethernet port is also an unusual feature, but the camera is configured to only allow access to Nikon's My Picturetown online photo service.The P6000 was succeeded in 2010 by the larger Coolpix P7000 which lacks GPS.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:46 UTC on Thursday, 28 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Nikon Coolpix P6000 on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Ruth.

rWotD Episode 3037: The Muppets Mayhem Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 27 August 2025, is The Muppets Mayhem.The Muppets Mayhem is an American musical comedy television miniseries featuring the Muppet musical group Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem. The series was developed by Adam F. Goldberg, Bill Barretta, and Jeff Yorkes for ABC Signature and The Muppets Studio. The series stars Lilly Singh, Tahj Mowry, Saara Chaudry, Anders Holm and Muppet performers Barretta, Dave Goelz, Eric Jacobson, Peter Linz, David Rudman, and Matt Vogel. All ten episodes of The Muppets Mayhem were released on Disney+ on May 10, 2023, and the series received generally positive reviews from critics.In November 2023, it was announced that the series was cancelled after its first season.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:08 UTC on Wednesday, 27 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see The Muppets Mayhem on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Ivy.

rWotD Episode 3036: Domitius Alexander Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 26 August 2025, is Domitius Alexander.Lucius Domitius Alexander (died c. 310), probably born in Phrygia, was vicarius of Africa when Emperor Maxentius ordered him to send his son as hostage to Rome. Alexander refused and proclaimed himself emperor in 308.The most detailed if somewhat confusing description of the insurrection is given by Zosimus (II, 12 and 14). He reports that Maxentius sent his portrait to Africa to gain recognition as Emperor there. The troops resisted because of their loyalty to Galerius. Maxentius ordered Domitius Alexander, the vicar of Africa, to send his son to Rome to secure his loyalty. Alexander refused and was crowned Emperor by his army. The incident was probably caused by the conflict between Maxentius and his father Maximian in April 308, and Zosimos confused Galerius with Maximian in his account.Apart from the provinces in north Africa (today's Algeria, Tunisia and western Libya), Domitius Alexander also controlled Sardinia. At the time of his accession, he was already at an advanced age. There is evidence in an inscription (CIL viii, 22183) that Alexander and Constantine I allied themselves in opposition to Maxentius. Salama suggests that, at the latest, the pact was entered into by autumn of 310.Maxentius sent his praetorian prefect Rufius Volusianus and a certain Zenas to quell the rebellion, and Alexander was taken prisoner and then executed by strangulation. Apparently, his troops did not offer much resistance. Maxentius retaliated with confiscations of the property of alleged supporters of Alexander. The year of the end of Alexander's reign is subject to debate, although it was certainly in either late 309 or early 310.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:50 UTC on Tuesday, 26 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Domitius Alexander on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Salli.

rWotD Episode 3035: Flynn–Aird syndrome Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 25 August 2025, is Flynn–Aird syndrome.Flynn–Aird syndrome is a rare, hereditary, neurological disease that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The syndrome involves defects in the nervous, auditory, skeletal, visual, and endocrine systems and encompasses numerous symptoms, bearing striking similarity to other known syndromes of neuroectodermal nature such as: Werner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome and Refsum syndrome.The onset of Flynn–Aird syndrome typically occurs between ten and twenty years of age, however, the earliest case was diagnosed at age seven. As the syndrome progresses, initial symptoms tend to intensify and new symptoms become apparent. Unlike related syndromes and despite the intensity of symptoms in the disease progression, Flynn–Aird syndrome does not appear to shorten life expectancy.The disease is characterized by early-onset dementia, ataxia, muscle wasting, skin atrophy, and eye abnormalities. In addition, patients have the potential of developing a number of other related symptoms such as: cataracts, retinitis pigmentosa, myopia (nearsightedness), dental caries, peripheral neuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), deafness, and cystic bone changes. This syndrome was first discovered in the early 1950s by American neurologists P. Flynn and Robert B. Aird who analyzed one family lineage inheritance pattern of this disease.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:09 UTC on Monday, 25 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Flynn–Aird syndrome on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Salli.

rWotD Episode 3034: Workers' Gymnasium Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 24 August 2025, is Workers' Gymnasium.The Workers' Gymnasium (official name) is an indoor arena located west of the Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China. It was inaugurated in 1961 for the 26th World Table Tennis Championships.It hosted the boxing events at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the Judo events at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. It is one of 11 Beijing-based venues to be renovated and upgraded for the Olympics. The arena has a seating capacity of 13,000.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:04 UTC on Sunday, 24 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Workers' Gymnasium on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Salli.

rWotD Episode 3033: Kfar Kedem Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 23 August 2025, is Kfar Kedem.Kfar Kedem (Hebrew: כפר קדם) is a tourist center in Israel which reconstructs the everyday life in the Galilee 2000 years ago, during the Mishnah period. Kfar Kedem is located on Route 77, next to the Hamovil intersection. It was established in 1992 in the Hoshaya settlement by Menachem Goldberg. The center includes about 4 acres of vegetation and trees native to the ancient Land of Israel.The site reconstructs Jewish life in the Galilee during the Mishnah period. It is located next to Sepphoris, which was the home base of the Sanhedrin (the highest Jewish religious court), its scholars [rabbis], and their leader, Judah the Prince, one of the compilers of the Mishnah.The site opened in 1992. All visitors start the tour with a short lecture, and immediately afterwards they don Tzitzit, a 4-cornered shawl and a scarf to cover their heads.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:56 UTC on Saturday, 23 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Kfar Kedem on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Justin.

rWotD Episode 3032: Schedule chicken Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 22 August 2025, is Schedule chicken.Schedule chicken is a concept described in project management and software development circles. The condition occurs when two or more parties working towards a common goal all claim to be holding to their original schedules for delivering their part of the work, even after they know those schedules are impossible to meet. Each party hopes the other will be the first to have their failure exposed and thus take all of the blame for the larger project being delayed. This pretense continually moves forward past one project checkpoint to the next, possibly continuing right up until the functionality is actually due.The practice of schedule chicken often results in contagious schedules slips due to the inter team dependencies and is difficult to identify and resolve, as it is in the best interest of each team not to be the first bearer of bad news. The psychological drivers underlining the "Schedule Chicken" behavior are related to the Hawk-Dove or Snowdrift model of conflict used by players in game theory.The term derives from the game of chicken played between drivers, as depicted in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, in which two drivers race their hot-rods towards a cliff edge. The first driver to jump out of the car is labeled a "chicken," while the one closest to the edge wins bragging rights.An early description of the concept and term by Victor Stone was published in MSDN carrying the date April 19, 1999.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:08 UTC on Friday, 22 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Schedule chicken on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Stephen.

rWotD Episode 3031: Reynolds Wolf Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 21 August 2025, is Reynolds Wolf.Reynolds Scott Wolf (born March 16, 1970) is an American meteorologist and journalist currently employed by The Weather Channel. He formerly worked for CNN, where his forecasts could usually be seen on CNN Saturday Morning, CNN Sunday Morning, and weekend editions of CNN Newsroom. He also served as a weather correspondent and reporter on other CNN programs.Wolf is currently a host of AMHQ Weekend and occasionally on AMHQ.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:01 UTC on Thursday, 21 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Reynolds Wolf on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Kendra.

rWotD Episode 3030: Carlton & United Breweries Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 20 August 2025, is Carlton & United Breweries.Carlton & United Breweries (CUB) is an Australian brewing company based in Melbourne and owned by Japanese conglomerate Asahi Breweries. Its notable brands include Victoria Bitter, Carlton Draught, Foster's Lager, Great Northern, Resch's, Pure Blonde and Melbourne Bitter.CUB was established in 1904 as a merger of six existing breweries with Carl Pinschof as chairman and became a public company in 1913. It first expanded outside Victoria in 1931 and acquired a number of other brewing companies over the following decades. In 1983 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Elders IXL and CUB was delisted from the stock exchange. In 1990, Elders IXL was renamed Foster's Group, and in July 2004, Fosters Group changed its name to Carlton & United Beverages. In February 2009, CUB announced the decision to separate the Australian Wine division from the Australian Beer, Cider & Spirits (BCS) division, and rename BCS to Carlton & United Breweries.In December 2011, American multinational SABMiller acquired Foster's Group, and took over ownership of Carlton & United Breweries as part of the acquisition.Subsequently, in October 2016, CUB was included in the purchase of SABMiller by Anheuser-Busch InBev. SABMiller ceased trading on global stock markets and as a result, Carlton & United was then owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev.In July 2019, Asahi Breweries agreed to purchase CUB, with the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission and Foreign Investment Review Board approving the deal in May 2020.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:10 UTC on Wednesday, 20 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Carlton & United Breweries on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Danielle.

rWotD Episode 3029: Gothersgade Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 19 August 2025, is Gothersgade.Gothersgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkoˀtɐsˌkɛːðə]; see below) is a major street in the City Centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends from Kongens Nytorv to Sortedam Lake, passing Rosenborg Castle and Gardens, Nørreport Station and Copenhagen Botanic Gardens on the way.Every day at 11:30 am, the Royal Life Guards, who are based at Rosenborg Barracks, depart from Rosenborg Eksercerplads and march down Gothersgade and up Bredgade for the ceremonial changing of the guard at 12 noon at Amalienborg Palace Square.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:20 UTC on Tuesday, 19 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Gothersgade on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Geraint.

rWotD Episode 3028: Jenni Konner Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 18 August 2025, is Jenni Konner.Jennifer A. Konner (born May 15, 1971) is an American television writer, producer, and director. She is best known as co-showrunner and writer with Lena Dunham of the HBO series Girls. In 2016, she directed the season finale of the fifth season of Girls titled "I Love You Baby", and in 2017, she directed the episode "Latching", which served as the series finale; both episodes were co-written by Judd Apatow, Dunham, and Konner.With Lena Dunham, she ran a production company and is co-founder of the feminist newsletter Lenny Letter and its Random House imprint, Lenny Books.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:09 UTC on Monday, 18 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Jenni Konner on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Matthew.

rWotD Episode 3027: Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1710) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Sunday, 17 August 2025, is Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1710).The 1710 Battle of Rio de Janeiro was a failed raid by a French privateering fleet on the Portuguese colonial city of Rio de Janeiro in August 1710, during the War of the Spanish Succession. The raid was a complete failure; its commander, Jean-François Duclerc, and more than 600 men were captured. French anger over the Portuguese failure to properly hold, release, or exchange the prisoners contributed to a second, successful raid, the following year.Duclerc was killed while in Portuguese captivity on 18 March 1711; his killers (and their reason for killing him) are unknown.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:15 UTC on Sunday, 17 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1710) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Amy.

rWotD Episode 3026: Danilo Lerio Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Saturday, 16 August 2025, is Danilo Lerio.Danilo Lerio Jr. (born 15 November 1980) is a retired Filipino professional boxer. He competed in the men's light flyweight event at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He had a southpaw stance.Leading to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney Lerio was mentored by Cuban coach Raul Liranza. Lerio lost his first and only bout in the Olympics against Rafael Lozano of Spain. His coach was dismissed from his position due to ordering Lerio to mix it up with his opponent despite leading four points with 17 seconds left in the bout.He later turned pro and was the last Filipino who competed in the Olympics to do until Mark Anthony Barriga in the mid-2010s. As a professional boxer, he and his younger brother Roberto were handled by Todd Makelim. In May 2008, Lerio's record stood at 14-2-1 with four knock-outs following his one round knockout of Matt Meredith in New South Wales, Australia. Danilo Lerio retired from boxing in 2012.Lerio also has an elder brother named Arlan who also competed in the 2000 Summer OlympicsThis recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:07 UTC on Saturday, 16 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Danilo Lerio on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Joey.

rWotD Episode 3025: Antsirabe Sahatany Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Friday, 15 August 2025, is Antsirabe Sahatany.Antsirabe Sahatany is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maroantsetra, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 11,000 in 2001 commune census.Only primary schooling is available. The majority 93% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and cloves, while other important agricultural products are coffee and vanilla. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 2% of the population.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:21 UTC on Friday, 15 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Antsirabe Sahatany on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Salli.

rWotD Episode 3024: Kinder, Louisiana Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 14 August 2025, is Kinder, Louisiana.Kinder is a small town in Allen Parish, Louisiana, in the United States. The population was 2,477 at the 2010 census.The Lieutenant Douglas B. Fournet Memorial Park, an American Legion enterprise, was dedicated on June 11, 1988, in Kinder to remember those who died in military service to the nation.Kinder was the birthplace of the late Mayor J. Rayburn Bertrand of Lafayette, who served from 1960 to 1972 and presided over the near doubling of the municipal population.Kinder is home to Coushatta Casino Resort, the largest casino resort in Louisiana. The resort includes Koasati Pines, an 18-hole par 72 championship layout golf course.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:36 UTC on Thursday, 14 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Kinder, Louisiana on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Gregory.

rWotD Episode 3023: Arthur Birch (colonial administrator) Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Wednesday, 13 August 2025, is Arthur Birch (colonial administrator).Sir Arthur Nonus Birch KCMG (September 1837 – 31 October 1914) was Lieutenant Governor of Ceylon, Colonial Secretary for Ceylon and acting Lieutenant Governor of Penang and Province Wellesley (1871-1872).The son of Rev. Henry William Rous Birch, rector of Reydon and Bedfield, Suffolk, and was baptised at Yoxford, Suffolk on 23 Oct 1836. He joined the colonial service as clerk in the Office of the Secretary of State for the Colonies in February 1855, served as Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton's assistant private secretary in 1858, and Chichester Fortescue's private secretary from September 1859 to February 1864 when he accepted the post of colonial secretary of British Columbia. He served in that capacity and for a time as administrator of the government until 1866 when he returned to England to resume his duties in the Colonial Office. He remained with the Colonial Office, serving as acting Lieutenant Governor of Penang and Province Wellesley, colonial secretary of Ceylon and Lieutenant Governor of Ceylon, until his retirement from the service in June 1878.After his resignation from the Colonial Office Birch joined the Bank of England where he remained until retirement in 1913.On 29 May 1873 Birch married Josephine (or "Zephine", d. 1893) at Oundle, Northamptonshire. She was the daughter of Jesse Watts-Russell, MP, of Biggin Hall, Northamptonshire. Their elder son and heir, Wyndham, was born in 1874, and married the only daughter of John Manners Yorke, 7th Earl of Hardwicke; younger son Arthur adopted his mother's surname and became a Captain in the Coldstream Guards. Birch's daughter was the writer Dame Una Pope-Hennessy.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:14 UTC on Wednesday, 13 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Arthur Birch (colonial administrator) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Emma.

rWotD Episode 3022: Alfred Kraus Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 12 August 2025, is Alfred Kraus.Alfred Kraus (16 January 1924 – 17 March 2005) was a German footballer. He played club football with Eintracht Frankfurt.Alfred Kraus, nicknamed Bubi, debuted in 1941, aged 17 in a cup tie at GfL Darmstadt and right away scored 4 goals. From 1941 until 1944 he was Eintracht's top goal scorer with 20 goals or more. In the same year a newspaper report about his goalscoring touch against Hanau 93 almost caused him trouble. This report had been put in his health registration and his name underlined in red which meant that a person was supposed to be drafted to the World War II front line. During a second physical examination the sergeant left Kraus alone and hid the underlined newspaper report in his chest pocket. In 2003 Kraus stated that he still owns this newspaper report.In 1942 Eintracht caretaker Willi Balles managed to move Kraus from his assignment in a march battalion to another one as court clerk in Frankfurt where he could continue playing football.In April 1943 Eintracht played a cup match against TSG Bensheim and Kraus scored 11 goals in a 14-0 victory. After World War II continued to play for Eintracht Frankfurt, only interrupted by a two season stint at Langenselbold. He worked as an accountant and ended his active football career in 1952.For many year Bubi Kraus, fellow Eintracht footballer Adolf Bechtold and track and field athlete Heinz Ulzheimer kept a tradition of playing tennis once a week at Eintracht club house in Riederwald.Bubi Kraus was honorary member at Eintracht Frankfurt.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:19 UTC on Tuesday, 12 August 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Alfred Kraus on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Brian.