Podcasts about maimed

In this episode of the Compendium, we unravel the mysterious and audacious life of Julie d'Aubigny. From her daring duels to her captivating performances as La Maupin, Julie defied societal norms as a female opera singer in 17th-century French history. Discover the life story of this bisexual historical figure, a true icon among historical LGBTQ figures, who lived a life as scandalous as it was fascinating. Buckle up for a wild ride through the carnival of Julie d'Aubigny's life, where every twist and turn reveals more about this legendary rogue.We give you the Compendium, but if you want more, then check out these great resources:"Mademoiselle de Maupin" by Théophile Gautier"The Opera Singer Who Killed or Maimed at Least Ten Men" - Kelly GardinerConnect with Us:

Grandparents being involved in their grandkids' lives seems to be a generational and cultural thing. If your grandpa had such bad PTSD that he couldn't be trusted around kids, that's a bad indicator. On the other hand, in some cultures it's not unusual to put your parents in a suite on the third floor. Probably a lot of spending time with the kids in those households. The real difficulty is less spending time and more picking a name. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week Kyle Messick of Maimed and Sewer Rot Records talks death metal psychology, re-issuing obscure old albums, predator vocals and much more! Plus Big Will and Terrell recommend some classic death metal along the way. heavyholepodcast.com Voicemail - 631-827-3422

Welcome back to The Great Metal Debate podcast. It's Xander, and today I'm bringing you a review for the international brutal death metal band Maimed with their crushing debut titled Propagate Onslaught released on April 19th through Sewer Rot Records. Much like the newest Aborted record, nearly every song has either a special guest providing either additional vocals or a guitar solo. Speaking of the vocals, Kyle Messick is a ferocious monster on the microphone. His wet tunnel throat capabilities are absolutely disgusting sounding and I mean that in the best possible way. If you're into brutal death metal you'd love these type of low gutturals. The harsh growls are accompanied by the main guitarist Tom Hughes and bassist Ian Dygulski. But we also gotta mention the staple in very high octane adrenaline pumping type of music. What would brutal death metal even be with out a drummer who can provide machine gun fire esq gravity blast beats. Justin Wallisch does an incredible job behind the kit pounding the skins into oblivion. Apparently this record was mixed by Clinton Appelhanz who is also the bass player of Origin and Unmerciful. Before diving into this album track by track, I feel like its also worth mentioning the Torrential Gore (EP) is a great place to start when getting into the full-length. It serves as a brutal appetizer for the chaos that this album brings. Kicking things off, we have "Herald of the Maelstrom" which features the guitarist of Gridlink, Takafumi Matsubara who provides a solo. It's an all out in your face rager of a song much like the following track "The Slaughter of Lambs". This one features yet another guest who provides another solo. This time, it's Dan Ozcanli from the band Nucleus. Sometimes it takes a few listens before I can tell the difference in brutal death songs but I've heard the next track "Death that Obviates the Appellation of Graves" enough times to be able to tell when Eston Browne from Vulnificus steps in to lay down vocals. During my first couple of listens I didn't notice the slight shift vocal pitch. But after tuning my ears just right, I finally knew when Eston was on the mic. "Sewage Madness Folly" and "Armament & Brigandine" are the two back to back tracks that don't have guest features but "Arbalestier" has Andrew Lee, the guitarist of Ripped To Shreds shredding out two solos on this track. "Oppugnation" is the next track which features not just one but three guests vocalists. The first of them is Mike DiSalvo from Akurion and former Cryptopsy. The next vocalist is Batu Çetin of Cenotaph, particularly Cenotaph from Turkey. Not to be confused with the the other Cenotaph death metal band from Mexico. Batu was also formerly in the band Molested Divinity. Last but not least, we have Jake Shuker from Maysaloon. The album title track "Propagate Onslaught" has two guest guitar solos from Cody Knarr from Ascended Master. It also features guest vocalist Mallika from Emasculator. Most of you probably remember her being the vocalist for the band Abnormality. "Forging Providence (The Futility of the Cosmos)" is the last track on the album but does not feature any guests. What are my thoughts about this record as a whole? It has all the right ingredients to make a great brutal death metal album. Plenty of down tuned guitar chugs, bass drops, blast beats and gutturals. What more could you possibly add when it comes to this genre. The reason I don't typically rate brutal death metal records so high is because of the bare bones structure to this type of music. It's a simple recipe to get the mosh pits going and people's heads banging. The highest rating I ever give brutal death metal albums is 7/10. So if I give it that high of a rating, then it is what I would call high quality for that particular style. I love this Maimed record and I'm sure most extreme metalheads will. You can support these guys by following their social media and purchasing their music on their Bandcamp page.

1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Being raised in 21st-century Britain, I've never had the painful displeasure of attending a slave market. Yet in the days of the Roman Empire in the first century AD, it would have been commonplace. Under Roman law, slaves were regarded as the personal property of their masters, to be bought, sold, and mistreated at will. They had no rights of their own, no privileges to their name, they could not so much as own a piece of property, nor enter into a contract with their fellow man; they could not legally marry should they see a bride. If the truth be told, slaves were the lowest class of society, and even freed criminals had more rights than them.  Having painted this despairing picture, I want to invite you to come with me for a moment in the imagination of your mind, to the slave market where once you stood on the blocks for sale. Maimed and stained by the vice of sin, bound by the shackles of iniquity — a thoroughbred reprobate of whom the placard which hangs about your necks reads “NOT WORTHY OF PURCHASE”. The punters press in around as the bidding begins. “Who will give me 50 denarii” (bear in mind, the average price of an unskilled slave in those days was around 500 denarii). Silence… “Who will give me 40?” Silence… “Okay, someone start me at 20, surely he is worth 20 denarii” As the punters draw away and the crowds thin out, suddenly a man appears of royal descent. “I'll have him!!”, the man exclaims. As he draws near to the blocks I notice, he has no coins with which to make His purchase, but in His hands instead, two bleeding wounds. “With what means will you make payment for the slave?” With outstretched hands, the answer comes, “WITH ROYAL BLOOD!!” “I have given my life a ransom that this slave might go FREE!!!”.  Shared at Lifeboat Fellowship (10/12/23) - Sunday (am)  

Hear the crazy thing that happened at Disney and why Anthony wants this to happen to him     Support the show and follow us here Twitter, Insta, Apple, Amazon, Spotify and the Edge! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this heartfelt teaching, you'll learn about the inclusive invitation of God to us all. Delving into scriptures from the Bible, including Luke chapter 14 and Romans 10:13, this teaching emphasizes the fact that God's salvation is available to all classes: the poor, maimed, halt, and blind. Drawing parallels between physical and spiritual blindness, it explores how a veil of old beliefs can be lifted to reveal the light of God's glorious Gospel. The teaching concludes with an appeal to believe and confess Jesus as Lord, regardless of your life state or class. A prayer of gratitude and praise is also offered. 00:04 Introduction and Praise 00:21 The Power of God's Word 01:34 The Parable of the Banquet 02:19 The Invitation to All Classes 03:55 The Poor, Maimed, Halt, and Blind 06:04 The Spiritual Blindness 09:59 The Call to Salvation 10:40 Closing Prayer and Thanks 11:21 Final Remarks and Call to Action --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gnbc/message

Talkin' Bout UH Football's 41-0 destruction by Kansas State. Breaking it down, what we saw in Manhattan, our exclusive interview with Kelvin Sampson, Shoney's, the Year 2000, and more! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Pastor Tim teaches on Acts 8:26-38.

Jordan, Commish, PittGirl, Andrew (the Nebraska one), and Michael get their feelings out about: the collapse of the Pac-12, the engorgement of the Big 10, the thiccest XII, line going up, the Centenary Gentlemen, DCI, the 1998 UConn Huskies football team, what school spirit really means, and more.

Part 5- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 1- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 2- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 3- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 4- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 1- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: The Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Grocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 3- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: The Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Gocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 4- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: The Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Gocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 5- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: The Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Gocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Part 2- Jamie Foxx Maimed by Jabs; Paine: The Don is FBI Rat; Feinstein = Senate Goblin; Trade Viceroy Saves You Big Gocery Dollars = MoreWe Cannot Say Much of the 'Really Good Stuff' on Here That's Why We Created Paine.tv YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** GET the Intel that's Too Hot For Anywhere Else at P A IN E. TV CONTRIBUTE TO THE SHOW BY CLICKING THIS LINK -- *** DONATE HERE *** ...This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5788750/advertisement

Philosopher – and former Chief Technical Officer and software expert – Stefan Molyneux discusses how mankind has tragically maimed the first digital god he has created...From a Freedomain live stream, 8 April 2023.

Pete and Joey interview Matt Bishop, guitarist and vocalist of Human Artifacts, and former front man of death/grind metal legends, Lividity.  They discuss the latest with Human Artifacts, including a new album, band rehearsals, and festival appearances. They also talk about Matt's ten years booking the Central Illinois Metal Fest, Lividity, touring, and much more. It's a great 50-minute discussion between three old school metal heads. A new remix of the Human Artifacts track, "Maimed and Disfigured", is debuted.Check out the Human Artifacts Facebook page and  support the true underground!Go to the Tampa Grind Fest IV at the Brass Mug in Tampa, Florida on Friday May 12th and Saturday May 13th, 2023. Click here for information on the event, and click here to purchase tickets! Support the true underground!Order any of Pete's books on his new website with a great online store.Check out Joey's Goremonger Facebook page and check out his killer FTA Records Distro.Go to Murder Metal Mayhem to listen to our show, buy official merch, learn more about the podcast, join the 666 Club and more.Spreading like the case of the clap in a trailer park. MurderMetalMayhem.com

On this episode, I will be dispelling cultural lie 7487285829052005 -- that supporting transgenderism is good and righteous. It is not. At all. These people (in some cases, children) are being MAIMED in doctor's offices, injected with poisonous doses of hormones (that are doing irreparable damage), and then detransitioning (attempting to revert back to their biological genders) -- oftentimes to no avail.Supporting people's self-destruction is not caring, compassionate, or loving.These people need real love, honesty, and mental health help to learn how to appreciate themselves for who they truly are.Wake up. --https://policecoffee.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw2cWgBhDYARIsALggUho0QzTbFupLHAFnmhM2oaF3Fh6q9sVD8zQEdh2HY2s1K3TeO9CveI8aAnd1EALw_wcB

Matt isn't here cause he's sick. Q and Rico leave Billy in the dark and begin drafting from a group of people who, if you were to look them up, would leave you speechless. Billy reacts to a video and Rico ensures that the camera switches to who it should be on.CHECK THIS OUT!!For amazing beef jerky at an unreal price make sure you go to:uncleervins.com and use the PROMO CODE: RICO at checkout to receive 10% off!!Instagram: instagram.com/honestovershareTwiiter: twitter.com/honestovershareTikTok: tiktok.com/@honestovershare

To celebrate Halloween we are joined by Hillary & Meg who both had viral Halloween Golden Girls displays! We discuss what inspired their creations & how they combined their loves of Halloween & The Golden Girls! Listen to this episode before you have your dart gun confiscated because you're unaware of the Ninja Turtles craze! Follow Us! linktr.ee/SoGoodWeNamedIt Hillary's display: https://www.facebook.com/hillary.gluck/posts/pfbid0QRivVTAEw8sSxYEaaMDkEVgwNfJqFHNbG9QDbgcaAUrK83aoFa8Ag12nPWCyrZp2l Meg's store: https://zelinskysbagsofholding.com/ Golden Girls Posters! https://www.instagram.com/golden_girls_posters/?hl=en

- In Chapter 24 of Half-Blood Prince, Harry uses Sectumsempra on Draco without knowing what the spell does. Snape is able to heal the young Slytherin's mortal wounds and gives Harry detention. After detention, Harry works up the courage to finally kiss Ginny.- Today's prompt is: If Draco had died from Harry's use of Sectumsempra, would that constitute Snape breaking the Unbreakable Vow?- This episode is hosted by Princess Jhode Datu.- Join in the conversation on MuggleNet's social media channels by using #PromptlyPotter

Maria Zeee joins to expose how the UN and the Globalists are enforcing a new state of emergency and a new pandemic! Christopher Key has been defending against the tyranny of the government since the beginning. First it was mask tyranny, then the vaccine came. Stanford Graham joins us on the show to teach us how to heal from injuries caused by the vaccine. Rochelle Wilson joins to expose how the Gardasil vaccine gave her infinite neurological issues, and how the Covid jab killed her grandma and damaged her mom! Watch this new show NOW at StewPeters.com! Visit our friends at Goldco! Call 855-706-GOLD or visit https://goldco.com/stew Prepare your family for famine and shortages by purchasing food through: https://heavensharvest.com/ If your dog as been feeling tired or not having the energy it used to, this 1 ingredient could be the reason: https://dogfoodexposed.com/STEW Righteously stand against vaccine tyranny by supporting Christopher Key. Reset your testosterone by trying IGF1+: https://www.vaccine-police.com/ Check out https://nootopia.com/StewPeters for help increasing your mental & physical strength to battle the deep-state's KRYPTONITE plot against Americans! Destress today, Stew crew sleep sound! Use promo code STEWPETERS10 at checkout for 10% off your order. http://www.magbreakthrough.com/stewpeters Check out: https://kuribl.com/ STEW20 for 20% off your order or premium CBD! CACOA is a super food, and may be the missing link to strength and happiness. Buy it now: https://shop.earthechofoods.com/stew Check out: https://patriotsbreakfastclub.com/, for premium coffee, mugs, and more! Use promo code STEW10 at checkout for 10% off! Go Ad-Free, Get Exclusive Content, Become a Premium user: https://www.stewpeters.com/subscribe/ Follow Stew on Gab: https://gab.com/RealStewPeters See all of Stew's content at https://StewPeters.com Watch full episodes here: https://redvoicemedia.net/stew-full-shows

commander in charge of Huguang province, Prince Nikan. Meanwhile Qing princes Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao were dispatched to pacify Guangdong and Guangxi. Wu Sangui was ordered to pacify Sichuan, but was being tied down heavily in its northern sector, maybe he was fighting all the tigers.    Wu had discovered that Sichuan was so devastated it made things ruinous for military campaigns. He lacked the resources to do much against the countless bandits armies and the newly emerged forces of Sun Kewangs which he referred to as a “poison overrunning the province”.  The entire situation as Wu put it “Chengdu was a devastated ruin and all was empty around it. The dead and starving were everywhere and for hundreds of li there were no cooking fires but bandit gangs roamed allying with the ming freely. All of Sichuan is in the hands of bandits and their strategic situation has already improved greatly since their emergence. Without men or materiel where will I get the resources to recover land and extirpate [the bandits]?”   Nonetheless in february of 1652, Wu and his subordinate Li Guohan made an offensive through the Jianmen “sword pass” all the way to Jiading. By april they captured Chongqing and by may northern Sichuan was considered fully pacified. Still Wu and Guohan had no illusions, the bandits and Ming defenses in the south remained dangerous, but the giddy young Qing Emperor assumed Sichuan as a whole was weakened and thought Wu would be able to assist Nikan in his mission. The young Qing emperor also sought to mass large armies to retake Yunnan and Guizhou after Sichuan was taken, quite a large order.    A grandson of Nurhaci, Prince Nikan served with Prince Haoge in western China and held an assortment of administrative posts in the capital before he was appointed “Ding yuan da Jiangjun”, generalissimo in charge of pacifying the distant regions, following Kong Youdes death. Nikan proceeded into Huguang at the head of his army of 100,000. Like most Qing commanders, Prince Nikan was given orders to accept the surrender of anyone who submitted without a fight and that it was paramount to protect the people. Strict military regulations were to be enforced, forbidding the rape and pillaging of whom were supposed to be their subjects. Understandable, you can't go around abusing the people you want to govern after all. Nikan's army marched to Guangxi to do battle with Li Dingguo and he was promised aid from Xi'an. The Qing military operations were consuming more than half the Qing governments revenue and they knew they should be cautious and secure taxable lands before venturing deep into the southwest again. Nikans forces successfully defeated Li Dingguo's subordinates Ma Jinzhong at Yuezhou and Zhang Honggong at Changsha. Nikan pursued them west and encountered Li Dingguo's scouts near Hengzhou. Nikan defeated some of Li's forces at Hengzhou sending him on the run, but then Li set up an ambush near Qiyang where Nikan's army sustained heavy casualties. Nikan pushed forward, with his vanguard running into another ambush near Yongzhou. Li feigned a retreat and soon Nikans army was stretched out widely into 3 groupings. Li then personally led his forces brandishing a great sword on horseback into battle. Nikan fought bravely but was overwhelmed and speared off his mount. Li severed Nikans head from its corpse and paraded it around before falling back to Wugang.   The Qing were absolutely shocked,  Emperor Shunzhi screamed “ “In our dynasty's military history we've never suffered a loss like this!”. The Ming scholar and philosopher Huang Zongxi said of Li Dingguo's victory  “it was the most complete Ming victory since the Wanli reign.”. The prefect of Guilin said of Li's victory ““The duke (Li) uses troops like a god. He's a little Zhuge [Liang]. His laws and regulations are clear and strict without committing the slightest mistake, and he combines the strong and weak in his brigades with all knowing their roles. Thus the people practically fight to join him.” The Qing licked their wounds and now put the veteran collaborator Hong Chengchou in charge of all operations in the far south.    Even though Li had managed to kill Prince Nikan, he was unable to take advantage of the great victory because his subordinates Feng Shuangli and Ma Jinzhong were still working for Sun Kewang in secrecy, undermining him. Soon much of Huguang fell right back into the hands of the Qing and Feng sent word to Sun to stoke his jealousy “I fear that from now on, Dingguo will be hard to control”. Sun tried to remedy his relationship with Li by offering him  the title of Prince of Xining, but Li refused stating “Investitures come from the Son of Heaven. How can one prince enfoeff another?” thus Li was making the argument that only Emperor Yongli could bestow someone as prince outraging Sun, kind of ironic also given the fact it was an argument Sun had made himself, haha. Sun was publicly praising Li's victories, while privately trying to destroy him. Sun sent countless letters summoning Li to “discuss strategy” but instead Li camped in Baoqing and ignored them. It turns out Li was being tipped off by Liu Wenxiu's son that Sun was probably trying to assassinate him. Li worried not just for his life, but for his family who were all in Yunnan.    Now it should be noted Li Dingguo's armies success was primarily a result of his training programs and leadership. Li was an extremely capable military leader, he understood the limitations and strengths of his forces. For one thing he did not believe in sticking around in one place for too long, he knew the limitations of his logistics, such as a need for food. His experience as a bandit leader was of grave importance for the survival of his forces as most of their campaigns relied on moving into territories, securing resources and moving on. He also had a tendency to strike out fast without warning and leav before the Qing could consolidate on that position. Li made sure to build close ties with areas he led his forces into, trying to win over many, and this proved highly successful as unlike his former adoptive father, Li had always tried to limit atrocities. Li also heavily benefited from Yunnan specifically, he was running around with war elephants afterall, fearsome shock units, though very expensive to feed and maintain. It was said that the Qing feared Li and his “southern barbarian forces” as they were known.    Estimates for the total troops available for the South Ming regime are most likely inflated but some sources claim Sun Kewang to have 800,000 men, Li Dingguo 400,000 and Liu Wenxiu 140,000. There is a breakdown of organizational structure as well when it comes to the South Ming armies. For mobile brigades (youji), each with a commander, consisting of 2 brigades (ying), which held around 1750 troops. Then there are 5 vice commanders (dusi) each with 350 troops, divided into 5 separate units of 70, further divided into 5 squads of 13. Now for a regular brigade each held 3000 troops with 10 battalions of 300, subdivided into 2 companies of 150 each. Lt's led platoons of 30 men, sergeants squads of 10.   The South Ming regime were bolstered heavily by minority troops which themselves brought a variety of differing weaponry and military tactics. Its hard to gauge, but some modern scholars estimate there was a ratio of 1 gun per 15 soldiers overall, but other scholars argue they had even more. As already mentioned we see a heavy use of Elephant cavalry amongst Li Dingguo's forces, he also had unique firearms, repeating crossbows and specialized polearms. By the way if you ever have a chance to check out repeating crossbows going back to the ancient times of China, its worthwhile, they are awesome. There were the famous 3 eyed bird guns, western made cannons and much more. Li's force particularly liked using cavalry, favoring the mobility, but horses were in short supply for Yunnan and Sichuan. The war elephants were typically in the frontlines with men firing guns atop their backs, which sounds absolutely awesome.  Li Dingguo's campaigns also came with horrifying consequences for the common folk, it is estimated up to a possibly million commoners were killed during the offensive in 1652 from war conditions and famine. Basically anywhere the Qing and Ming decided to do battle ruined the area, people were pressed into service, killed, pillaged, lost homes and farms and such leading to starvation, many refugees spread into other areas causing more and more problems.     While northern Sichuan was being secured by the forces of Li Guoying and Wu Sangui, Sun Kewang decided to expand into northern Sichuan and sent Liu Wenxiu. The Qing attempted to hold Liu's forces back, but the elephant cavalry proved extremely effective and soon they were pushed back towards Baoning. A large reason the Elephant cavalry was so successful was because they simply spooked the Qing horses, though for anyone who knows their Mongol war history, you can already see how using war elephants might prove disastrous. While horses are indeed spooked by elephants, horses mounted archers can quite easily spook elephants back by pelting them with arrows and flanking them. Regardless from many of the sources I am reading, this seems to not become the case until later on. Liu Wenxiu soon took Chongqing, Chengdu with the aid of his elephants and heavy cannons, he now felt the time was right to march on the Qing stronghold of Baoning. Liu besieged Baoning with 50,000 troops while another Ming commander, Wang Fuchen built floating bridges to cross the Ling River to cut off the escape from Baoning. Wu Sangui argued with Li Guoying that they should retreat to Hanzhong, but Li felt abandoning Baoning would mean the loss of Sichuan completely and that was unacceptable. Li then instructed Wu to place his troops in a position from which they could not escape. This tactic is known as “deadly ground”, the idea was by putting the forces in a life or death situation they would perform at their best. Sure hate to be those forces. Wu Sangui was still looking to retreat, but his colleagues basically told him he would get executed for doing so in Beijing. Abandoning Baoning would set the Qing pacification back for years and thus it was imperative to make this stand.    Baoning was quite a defendable city, it held rivers on 3 sides and a mountain on its 4th. The Ming tried to use that mountain to fire muskets into the city but the range was too far. Liu kept up the pressure on 3 sides of the city while guarding against any relief forces incoming from the north. It was an overly aggressive stance leaving Liu's forces thinly places about, but he had no choice but to take up an aggressive stance in the hopes of breaking the city faster since Liu did not have enough supplies for a long siege, neither did the Qing for that matter. It also seems Liu had his eyes fixated on the prize and may have been too eager. Afterall if he took Baoning it would mean he was the man who took all of Sichuan.   It seems in his efforts to envelope Baoning Liu had left some gaps in his formations and Wu saw this. Liu had arrayed his 13 war elephant cavalry units in the front of the formation intending to use them as shock troops and to protect his more unarmored troops in the formations center. The problem was because the war elephants were in the front like this, the troops behind them could not see what was past the elephants, and elephants unlike horses dont move fast, thus the enemy would be able to maneuver quickly and the troops would not know where they would be hit in time. What made maters even worse was the fact these unarmored troops in the middle had their backs to the Ling River. Lius army consisted mostly of pikemen with rattan shields and some harquebusiers. They were arrayed on the 3 sides of the city, 4 ranks deep with elephants in front followed by pikemen and harquebusiers in the rear. The formation reassembled a crescent moon, stretching some 5 miles around the city. For those of you war gamers you can probably visualize the setup and see some of the issues. For example Liu would employ his elephants into a charge to smash the enemy's cavalry, then open the lines for pikemen to finish them off followed by harquebusiers to shoot straddlers, a good plan? Problem, elephants are quite slow, what if the cavalry simply run around them?  Wu told Zhang that if they could open a gap in the enemy's lines they might be able to win. Liu commanded an attack and Wu feigned a retreat  near the Guanyin Temple which drew the Ming in pursuit. The pursuit separated some of the formation exposing the unarmored troops in the middle of Liu's formation and Wu circled around the flanks concentrating fire up the weak middle. Next Wu's cavalry smashed into some Pikemen formations pushing the enemy closer to the Ling River. Then Wu led his force against Liu Wenxiu, charging at the elephants, but they did not break. So Wu feigned another retreat, goading Liu into a chaotic pursuit. As Liu charged, Wu's forces wheeled back around and hit them with a crossfire of arrows, remember what I said about Mongolian tactics. To make matters worse, Liu's hasty pursuit saw him leaving behind many of the shield bearers, and thus they had no counter to the arrow fire. Liu's forces began to rout and Liu himself was forced to escape by cutting a floating bridge at the head of nearly half his original force of 50,000. Now 10,000 of his men were on the other side of the Ling river, scrambling to get across and they were quickly slaughtered. The Elephants eventually panicked and scattered in their own right. Wu Sangui went on to claim his forces killed and captured more than 40,000 troops during the battle. Li Guoying claimed that no more than 1000 men managed to escape and that they had captured seals of authority, 3 elephants, over 2000 horses and a mountain of firearms. Liu would retreat all the way to Yunnan and be lambasted by Sun and demoted. Liu from then on would resent Sun and fell more into the fold of Li Dingguo. After the battle both Li Guoying and Wu Sangui sent forces wheeling around to pursue the Ming as they withdrew. Wu Sangui's forces eventually stopped at Chengdu wrecking multiple Ming armies. Li Guoying began to consolidate his power in Sichuan, defeating and cornering Ming loyalist forces across the north and west of Sichuan. Li would go as far as to claim north and western Sichuan were fully pacified to Beijing.    Meanwhile the Ming court was still fawning over Li Dingguo like fangirls of a Kpop band and gave him the title of Prince of Xining, really pissing off Sun Kewang. This pushed Sun Kewang to begin a military campaign going east in autumn of 1652 seeking to raise his military profile, but at the same time Hong Chengchou was sent to Hunan to pacify it. Hong did not take an aggressive stance and opted instead to restore the prosperity of the region. Sun's campaign began with the capture of Chenzhou, where he smashed its east gate with his war elephants allowing his infantry to swarm into the city fighting bloody street to street warfare. Sun followed up the massacre, by executing tons of Qing officials and erecting piles of severed limbs to showcase it, so some old fashion Zhang Xianzhong stuff. Sun Kewang afterwards personally commanded his army to attack Baoqing alongside Feng Shuangli and Bai Wenxuan to his left and right. A veteran Qing commander named Tong Tulai held the city and upon seeing the banners of Sun Kewang in the middle formation order the concentration of his forces fire upon the center units. Both sides took equal and heavy casualties, but soon Sun Kewangs army broke and fled with Tong Tulai choosing not to pursue, probably learning a lesson from Prince Nikan's demise.    Sun's defeat at Baoqing and Liu Wenxiu's defeat at Baoning convinced many that Sun Kewang was an incompetant military leader and that he had wasted over 3 years training his forces for nothing. Thus ironically Sun Kewangs efforts to eclipse his rival, Li Dingguo had resulted in the exact opposite, making Li look even better. Sun then began to see the Ming royal family and its ties to Li Dingguo as a threat and he would take a course of action that would effectively doom the South Ming regime.   Despite the setbacks to the strategic position of the South Ming regime in 1653 not all was entirely lost. Emperor Yongli was in a secure and stable position for once and the regime held Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Sichuan firmly. Sun Kewang had brought many Dashun,Da Xi and other bandit groups under their sphere of influence and more importantly under the control of one leader. There was even the possibility that the South Ming regime could eventually link up with the naval resistance led by Koxinga in the southeast coast, someone we will talk about later. The military successes of Li Dingguo gave the South Ming regime a huge morale boost and shocked the hell out of the Qing. But beneath the surface of all of this, things were not well internally for the Ming loyalists. As we saw countless times with the bickering amongst different factions in the South Ming regime, here again it will occur.   Sun was ambitious and jealous of his colleagues, he also shared grotesque traits of his former master Zhang Xianzhong. Emperor Yongli on the other hand was weak willed and a coward who consistently sought his personal safety over all other concerns. He was a mere puppet, content with just being a symbol. Li Dingguo had risen from a peasant leader to become a genuine Ming loyalist who was both brave and charismatic, earning the hearts of many. He did not have the administrative skill like Sun Kewang, but he was a capable military leader who could take territory. In essence the 3 men together made a formidable team, each having something of use, administrative skill for Sun, military capability for Li and a symbol of authenticity in Yongli. But this would never come into reality and the real losers of this game of thrones, would as always be the common people.    Sun Kewang from the early days of just being a bandit leader showed a very notable tendency to be sensitive to any criticism and would attack anyone who he thought slighted him. Li Dingguo was well aware that Sun planned to kill him as early as 1652, yet despite this Li tried to get Sun to work together but it only made Sun more angry and dangerous. Thus by 1653 Li began to move his forces further away from Sun before he might be enveloped. Li left Yongzhou with less than 50,000 loyal troops to Longhu Pass which allowed the Qing quickly snatch up Yongzhou as a result. From there Li went east, skirmishing sometimes with Sun troops and attacking Qing controlled cities. Li's hope was if he managed to get closer to the eastern coast he might be able to join forces with Koxinga whom for his own part was open to the idea and trying his best to join up as well.    In march of 1653, Li besieged Zhaoqing for weeks and despite heavy bombardments failed to take the city and was forced to move on and raid Guangxi. He attacked Guilin where he was wounded and forced to retreat when Qing relief forces came. As Li fought Qing forces in Guangdong and Guangxi throughout 1653, Sun Kewang dispatched Feng Shuangli to attack Li at Liuzhou. Li however, managed to ambush Feng's forces and sent him fleeing. There is a story that as Feng tried to ford a river fleeing, Li supposedly saved him from drowning and thus Feng gave his loyalty to Li and returned to Sun's camp waiting for the right moment to help Li defeat him. Li would take Guilin in late 1653 and the more actions he took the more Emperor Yongli's court saw him as a better alternative to Sun as a military protector. Soon Emperor Yongli offered Li the same rank as Sun Kewang if he could rescue him from Sun's house arrest situation. Li responded that he would be open to the idea of “escorting” Yongli to safety if he successfully took Guangdong. However, Ma Jixiang discovered these messages between Li and Yongli and gave word to Sun Kewang in January of 1654. Sun then accused Yongli of conspiring against him and initiated a plan to redistribute Li Dingguo's wives and concubines in Yunnan among the other high ranking officers, but there was general dissatisfaction amongst his ranks. Almost a full blown mutiny had occurred at one point and thus his devious plan never came to fruition.    On May 6, Sun executed what he called the 18 gentlemen of Anlong for allegedly conspiring against him. Their ringleader, Wu Zhenmin strangled himself while the others were publicly flayed and decapitated. Its been awhile since we had this gruesome stuff eh? It turns out when Yongli was accused he denied the conspiracy and threw all the 18 gentlemen under the bus to save himself. In spring of 1654, Sun with 370,000 troops prepared for another eastern campaign while Li Dingguo had launched his own into Guangdong hoping as always to link up with the infamous Koxinga. Li managed to push all the way to Gaozhou, located in the southeast of the province. Next he besieged Xinhui just a bit south of Guangzhou. While he besieged Xinhui he asked Koxinga for assistance, but this never came to fruition and thus the siege lagged into 1655. Li's situation became very desperate, his men were soon reduced to eating their own horses. Then Qing reinforcements commanded by Shang Kexi arrived and despite Li having arrayed his cannons and elephants for defense the cannons allegedly were not working properly during the battle, allowing the Qing to take some high ground against him. Shang Kexi and his colleague Geng Jimao from the vantage point were able to outflank Li and cause his elephants to rout running through his own army causing massive chaos. Li had already lost countless thousand during the siege and the Qing attack simply broke them, they soon fled for their lives. Shang Kexi boasted “they scattered like rats before the might of the Qing”.    Li fled back southwest with the remnants of his forces, around 10,000 men, with just 3 war elephants left and a possible 60-70 thousand refugees as he was pursued by the Qing. He was finally able to breathe when he destroyed a bridge behind himself stranding the Qing and managing to escape to Nanning. The Qing quickly grabbed up multiple cities and Li's eastern campaign had ended in complete failure. With just a single battle at Xinhui, over 3 years of Ming victories had been swept away.    Meanwhile Sun had launched an assault on Changde in the summer of 1655, bringing with him Liu Wenxiu who had tried to retire in dismay from his major defeat, but Sun would not allow this. When his forces got close to Changde they were ambushed by Qing forces and had to make a fighting retreat, losing 6 subsequent battles to them. Many of Sun's forces fell to the Qing, starvation and disease. Feng Shuangli was wounded and some other 40 generals simply surrendered to the Qing in what became a catastrophic campaign. One thing made Hong Chengchou uneasy despite the great victories, the Ming forces under Sun seemed to be using riverine units to great effect. Thus Chengchou began to pressure the Qing to put more funding into naval capabilities. You see Sun and Li both had mastered using boats to move units quicker through river systems, as cavalry was scarce and their operations required fast mobility. The use of these riverine units alluded the Qing countless times as the Qing did not possess a great number of boats themselves nor plan to build too many.   Throughout 1655 the Qing pushed through Guangxi defeating multiple bandit groups. Li Dingguo in the meantime was returning to Nanning in late 1655, but would soon flee when the Qing attacked the city in February of 1656. It became evident that Li Dingguo was edging closer and closer to Anlong to attempt a rescue of Emperor Yongli, prompting Sun Kewang to order the forceful movement of the emperor. He appointed his subordinate Bai Wenxuan for the task of moving the emperor, completely unaware that Bai was secretly working with  Li Dingguo to relocate Emperor Yongli to Yunnan where Li had a powerbase. As Sun continued to campaign in eastern Sichuan, Li dingguo and Bai Wenxuan sent word to Emperor Yongli to try and convince the him to move to Yunnan. It was a major risk as Li only had 6000 troops under his control at the time and Sun had more than 50,000 garrisoning various places, many of which were in Yunnan. Li then tried to appeal to the Ming loyalism of the commanders scattered about, accusing Sun Kewang of quote “sinking to a depth from which he could not return to allegiance”. He also bribed the hell out of them. In turn Liu Wenxiu turned his back on Sun and made his way to join Li dingguo. Li then dispatched his subordinate Jin Tongwu to take Emperor Yongli to Yunnan in early 1656, but Sun Kewang sent some agents of his own to retrieve the emperor. So basically we are seeing a situation in which Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang are both trying to win the Ming loyalists to their respective side and portraying themselves as being the true savior of the Emperor. By the way if most of this story sounds oddly familiar to parts of the 3 Kingdoms stories its not a coincidence, all the characters were avid readers of those stories and were actively portraying the events as such.    What ends up winning the day, was the cunning and deceptive alliance between Li dingguo and Bai Wenxuan, because despite all that was going on, it seems Sun still thought Bai Wenxuan was his loyal man helping move the emperor for him. At a crucial moment, Sun Kewang sent an army to apprehend the emperor and Bai Wenxuan stopped the force saying “The Son of Heaven is here. Kewang wants to be a murderous traitor. If you wish to do that which is right, how can you follow the commands of an evil murderer and thus counter the Way of Heaven?”.  Meanwhile he was sending letters to Sun Kewang explaining that he would be delivering the Emperor to Guiyang in a few days and not to worry. This deception bought enough time for Li Dingguo and his smaller army to sneak into Anlong and convince 2 Ming commanders, Pang Tianshou and Ma Jixiang (yup Sun's spy loyal man) to switch their allegiances to him. Li dingguo consolidated the forces with those of Ben Wenxuan and they began to escort Emperor Yongli out of Anlong on February 20th.    It is said the populace lined up the roads and wept for joy as Emperor Yongli entered Yunnan alongside Li Dingguo. The emperor quickly occupied Sun Kewangs former residence in Kunming and once he felt safe and comfortable he began to distribute new titles and office to all those who aided his escape. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu were named the Princes of Jin and Shu. Despite all of the craziness, Li Dingguo still hoped to bring Sun Kewang back into the fold and sent Liu Wenxiu back to Guiyang as an envoy. However Emperor Yongli advised Liu not to go in person, remembering the execution of the 18 gentlemen of Anlong, so instead Liu wrote a letter in blood to Sun Kewang. Li even sent out Sun's servants and concubines and the deceptive Bai Wenxuan back to him in a show of good faith. Sun responded as you might guess, angrily, so he sent his own envoys in return as a sign of good faith. In truth he had sent spies such as Wang Ziqi and Zhang Hu, who to his delight sent back word quickly that Li Dingguo only had 20,000 troops. Thus Sun Kewang eagerly prepared for war against Li, not realizing many of his top commanders had changed their allegiances such as his subordinate, Zhang Hu, I guess he can be called a double agent. Bai Wenxuan for his part notified Li that peace was assuredly not an option. On top of this Sun had sent some agents throughout Guizhou and Yunnan to garrison positions and prepare for war which really tipped Li off. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu each sent letters from Kunming to Koxinga hoping for cooperation but no responses came.    During all of this, the Qing were consolidating their empire, especially in Sichuan.  The skirmishes between Sun and Li had enabled the Qing to  grab most of Southwest China. Yet Southern Sichuan was still extremely chaotic. Maimed people walked everywhere, corpses littered the fields, cannibalism was rampant and people were paying taxes to differing authorities. Sun Kewang still held considerable authority in Southern Sichuan. Li Guoying was promoted to governor general of Shaanxi and Sichuan in 1657 and the Qing hoped some martial law might speed up the pacification and end the nightmare that had reigned for over a decade at this point. Li Guoying pointing out that Sichuan contained a mishmash of refugees from all the ongoing wars. There were Eight banner troops, bandits, Ming loyalists, Dashun and Daxi remnants and all these groups made it very difficult to determine reliability and suitability for service under the Qing. Li Guoying thought increasing agricultural productivity would win over most and set to work doing so. Meanwhile Hong Chengchou was gathering forces and supplies in Huguang while promoting agricultural productivity. Thus both Li and Hong were running similar programs trying to win the hearts of the populace to their side.   Now as I mentioned, the Qing took Nanning in 1656 and soon realized that Li Dingguo had slipped away to Anlong. The Qing commanders worried that their supply lines were stretched too thin and Hong Chengchou favored using Guilin as a main base of operations for enclosing the southwest. To Hong Chengchou the main threat was Emperor Yongli and his entourage because he held the most significant challenge to the Qing that of legitimacy. The Qing had word of the growing war between Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang and chose to allow Hong Chengchou to build up his forces and supplies for the time being and let the enemy rot a bit from within. The entire time the Ming were bickering, the Qing were amping up agricultural production in multiple provinces winning over more and more of the populace.    In the summer of 1657 Sun and Li finally came after another. Sun with a 140,000 strong army marched upon Yunnan leaving Feng Shuangli to hold Guiyang. Li and Liu had around 50,000 troops and took up a position at Qujing building up wooden defenses there. By this point Li and Liu had persuaded many of Sun's subordinates to turncoat using every means possible, but despite this they still feared the upcoming clash. Sun arrayed his force into 36 brigades once he hit the Yunnan border and made his way to the nearest city, Jiaoshui. When the 2 armies came 10 miles from each other, Sun placed Bai Wenxuan in his vanguard which would prove a disastrous mistake. Turns out Sun's spies finally told him Bai Wenxuan was a turncoat, so Sun rightfully threw him in front, but unbeknownst to him Bai knew Sun knew and planned for this. Oh how the turntables? At the critical start of the battle Bai sent a signal and his troops wheeled around smashing into Sun's other commanders, aided by another turncoat general. Before Sun could respond, the turncoat units were eliminating his loyal units 1 by 1. Sun panicked and sought to withdraw, but 2 of his loyal subordinates Ma Bao and Ma Weixing both promised they would capture Bai and Liu vowing to quote “eat Bai's flesh for his betrayal. We outnumber them 10 to 1, when one person advances, we retreat. Are there no men among us?”. Thus Sun sent Mao Bao and another subordinate Zhang Sheng with 4000 troops to make a flanking maneuver while he drove straight into the vanguard himself. The outcome was catastrophic. Ma Weixing simply bolted away, Zhang fled towards Kunming hoping to switch sides and Ma Bao did not follow through because it turned out he was also a turncoat. There are even accounts that Ma Bao's men were firing blanks to look like they were helping. To make matters worse, Li Dingguo was fed intel provided by Bai Wenxuan and personally led his units to hit Sun's weakest spot. When Liu Wenxiu advanced, many of Sun's subordinate began to chant “Welcome, Prince Jin! Welcome Prince Jin!” as they cast off their uniforms and defected. Soon banners of Li and Liu were filling the battleground, Sun was being undone by his own army. Even though Sun's loyal forces still outnumbered the enemy 3-1 they quickly collapsed and Sun was forced to flee.    Sun and just a few dozen followers fled through thick forests making their way to the nearest town which was named Puding…haha Puding, anyways of all people Ma Jinzhong was holding the town and he closed the gates on them. When Sun screamed at the gates he was the ruler of the realm, Ma retorted “The ruler of the realm left with an army of 160,000. Now there are only a few thousand. You are certainly bandits.” Next Sun and his followers ran to Guiyang with Liu hot on their heels. When Sun approached the gates of his old capital he found them barred by Feng Shuangli. Feng did however allow Sun to take his family and continue running and Sun also secretly ordered his followers to rape and kill the wife of Bai Wenxuan who was in Guiyangat the time. Soon Sun ran into an underling of Li Dingguo named Li Bengao. He said to Bengao “Bengao, is that my old companion? You've received my favor, but now you want to kill you ruler huh?” Bengao replied “As a court officer it is simple to know the duties of a lord and minister. Bengao does not kill his lord; I've come to kill the leader of bandits.”. But before Bengao could kill Sun, one of Sun's followers snuck up and shot Bengao dead with an arrow. Sun decided enough was enough and to defect to the Qing and did so at Baoqing on December 19th of 1657. He cut his hair in the Manchu fashion and was invested as the Prince of Yi, but would not live too much longer as he died of illness in 1660, some allege he was executed secretly for having dealings with the Koxinga regime in Taiwan.    Speaking of Koxinga, fresh from his victory over Sun, Li Dingguo yet again sent another letter to Koxinga asking if they could join forces and attack Nanjing, but this never came to be. Li Dingguo had a short lived victory as he soon had to perform mop up operations against Sun's loyalists in Yunnan. Li reportedly lost upto 90% of his best commanders and troops simply cleaning up the remnants of Sun, leaving him with a terribly green force to resist the inevitable Qing invasion to come. To make matters worse Liu Wenxiu died of illness in late 1658. Li distrusted most of the commanders at his side as they had been Sun's former commanders and without Liu he simply had too much to do by himself. Remember how Li kept trying to bring Sun Kewang back into the fold, despite the man was trying to kill him? Well you can see why here, despite Li being an incredible military leader, when it came to governance and state building, he simply was not very good at it. He was used to mobile armies, wandering the provinces and plundering while on the move. Sitting idle and trying to build up forces, taxation, production, even defenses works was sort of not his forte. Before L    iu had died, on his deathbed he told Li he should flee and establish a new base of operations in Shaanxi or maybe sail down the Yangtze to join Koxinga. The loss of Liu was a hard one, as Li trusted pretty much no other former commanders under Sun, apart from Bai Wenxuan who proved quite helpful. Regardless Li strove on preparing what defenses he could. 3 Qing armies advanced on Yunnan from 3 directions, planning to converge upon Kunming. Wu Sangui marched from Sichuan, Loto would march from Huguang, Jobeti from Guangxi and Hong Chengchou held overall command. At this time Hong Chengchou was quite old and his health was failing him so he could not take a field command. Just because he was old and ill did not mean he did not have some sneaky tricks however. Hong Chengchou sent a number of spies into Yunnan to gather intel and perform a misinformation campaign to lead Li Dingguo's forces to believe the Qing were much further away than they were.   Wu Sangui's force departed Baoning and first came upon Chengdu which he described to be “a den of tigers, leopards, and bears”. The city was still a wasteland and it is estimated only 2% of the population was alive. Things proved to be just as bad in Chongqing, when Wu and his colleague Li Guohan approached the first things they saw were corpses and bones littering the roads. Unlike Chengdu, Wu's force was hampered at Chongqing by bandit armies, but the Qing artillery proved enough to break them after several battles. It is said the Qing artillery blasted from shorelines filling the river with the bodies of bandits.    The Qing armies advanced through Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou battling bandit armies everywhere they went. The more they advanced however, the more easily bandits surrendered and defections began to pour in. Loto captured Guiyang from Ma Jingzhong and within 3 months nearly all of Guizhou fell to the Qing. By 1658 most of the Ming resistance in Huguang and Jiangxi had been smashed with only some large bandit groups holding out. Thus it was decided in 1658 to finally march on Yunnan. Despite the field commanders eagerness, Hong Chengchou advised them all that they had thus far taken mostly empty or under armed cities and they only had a month or so supplies left. He cautioned them that they should advance slowly. Emperor Shunzhi received reports from Hong Chengchou and likewise ordered them to delay their advances so they could recover somewhat and supply up. Alongside this Emperor Shunzhi stressed the necessity to win over the populace as they conquered ““establish order out of chaos and rescue the people.”. Despite these orders, many scholars point out that this stage of the war was quite bloody on the side of the Qing and many commoners suffered.   Meanwhile Li Dingguo had sent Bai Wenxuan to guard the Qixing Pass with 40,000 troops, Wu Zisheng to guard the route from Anlong and other units to the Pan River in the east where he planned to make a base of operations. Li was looking for a place to break away, considering Sichuan or even Vietnam, but the Qing had taken their time to envelop Yunnan forcing him into a corner. Li mobilized the army to go east to defend the approaches to Yunnan and won a few minor battles killing more than 10,000 Qing troops. Despite the victories, the Qing numerical superiority simply overwhelmed Li's forces quickly and they soon had to pull back further into Yunnan.   Li brought his forces to Shuanghekou and Jobtei climbed a nearby mountain to study Li's army formation, searching for signs of weakness. When the battle commenced, Li's forces launched a cannonade, but the wind suddenly blew all the smoke from the cannonade into his battle lines faces. On Top of the blinding effect the smoke lit tall grass on fire all amongst his army. His army had to pull back and in the disarray, allowing Jobtei to outflank Li catching him in a pincer forcing Li to flee. Li's army fled to Kunming destroying bridges as they did to delay the Qing forces. Meanwhile Wu Sangui had intel on an alternate route to get past Bai Wenxuans forces at Qixing Pass and managed to get behind him forcing Bai's force to flee to Zhanyi. The initial campaign to defend Yunnan was a colossal failure. Li lost an estimated 30-40 thousand men, most of them his few surviving veterans with whom held more than 10 years of experience fighting battles from Sichuan to Guangdong. 30 officers were gone, most of his war elephants were also gone and the Qing were now marching on Qujing. Li sent words back to Kunming urging Emperor Yongli to flee. Li would make it back to Kunming by January 5th 1659 and the court of Yongli began to plan their next place to make a stand. Li favored a retreat into Sichuan in the hope of joining some large bandit armies they had friendly connections with. Others in the court argued it was too dangerous and that there was little offensive potential in Sichuan. Many argued they should flee west through Yunnan into Burma. Others said they should flee into Vietnam and perhaps sail out to join Koxinga. But as they debated it turned out the Qing foresaw some of their actions and blocked the way into Vietnam and in the end the decision was made to flee west into Burma.   The royal entourage was around 4300 men that departed Kunming. Li ordered everything that could not be carried to be torched, but the people lamented him for this and he soon changed his mind about the torching. Before leaving he told the people of Kunming “We have stayed in Yunnan for many years and we regard you people as a father regards his sons. But now national affairs have reached dire proportions and the court must move. You may share our hardships together. For I fear that when the Qing troops arrive, they will kill, loot, and rape, and it will be difficult to escape. If you do not flee with his majesty, you should each get far away quickly. Those who don't have only themselves to blame”. This drove the city's populace to abandon the city while weeping for the doom that was brought upon them. The march was a rough one, food became scarce and many died of starvation and disease. They eventually made it to Yongchang in early 1659 as the Qing hit Kunming and to their great surprise found it was fully intact and supplies were everywhere to be found. Li's change of heart on the torching would cost him greatly as the Qing forces recovered several months of supplies in Kunming. Meanwhile some of the Emperors entourage did not want to go west such as Ai Chengye who instead sought to establish ambushes for the Qing, hoping to join Li and the emperor later. Bai Wenxuan began to establish defenses between Dali and Yongchang to delay the Qing as well. It was decided to cover Emperor Yongli's flight, Bai would hold the rearguard while Li rode with the Emperors entourage.    The Qing continued their advance as Bai Wenxuan tried to delay them but suffered multiple defeats and lost countless soldiers, officers and elephants. Meanwhile Li destroyed the bridge at Lancang River hoping to further delay the Qing, but the Qing were very efficient at building rafts and crossed each river with ease. The Qing would reach Yongchang in March of 1659 and proceed to plunder it heavily. Li and Bai held a council of war and Li argued they should try to fight a decisive battle in Yunnan, but Bai argued that Emperor Yongli's safety was more important.    Regardless Li was adamant about fighting and set up multiple ambushes along the mountain range of Mount Mopan west of the Nu River. With only 6000 troops against around 12,000 of a Qing vanguard, Li felt he could do some damage. He split his forces into 3 groups stationed them in ambush sites to hit the vanguard of Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui's vanguard had been having a few easy days with no real excitement so he was marching with a loose formation into the mountain range not expecting an attack. The ambush signal was triggered and Wu immediately ordered a retreat as all hell broke loose and cannons and arrows rained down upon his men. Combat raged all over the mountain range and Li Dingguo got shrapnel into his face as he directed the battle. The fighting went on for half a day seeing corpses pill up on both sides like mountains. In the end Li made a fighting withdrawal. The Ming forces ended up losing a third of their total numbers while inflicting upto 10,000 casualties upon the Qing. After the battle Wu Sangui remarked that Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan were indeed great military commanders and they should tread lightly.    The carnage in the mountains bought more time for Emperor Yongli to continue to move into Burma. Li and a few thousand troops fled south camping at Menggen inside Burma and Bai Wenxuan camped at Mubang. When Li and Bai entered Burma they took care not to attack any Burmese forces they were with the Emperor afterall.  As for Emperor Yongli when the entourage entered the Burmese border, the royal party was disarmed by local border guards and apprehended. They were taken by boat over the Irrawaddy river to the capital city of Ava. By this time their entourage was nothing more than 1478 members of which only 600 or so were allowed to be on the boats, the rest had to walk it through thick jungle. Hundreds died to disease while trekking the jungles, some went south to Siam instead, others ended up being captured as slaves. Emperor Yongli's party made it to Ava, completely unaware Li and Bai were trying to find them and one of his court officials was sending word to them that Emperor Yongli had instead fled to Fujian. Over the next 2 years, Li and Bai under the believe that Emperor Yongli was kidnapped, and perhaps he was for all intensive purposes, began to make repeated rescue efforts.    Meanwhile the Qing consolidated their position in Yunnan and their enormous occupational force was exacerbating the province, soon famine spread. For both the populace of Yunnan and the Qing forces the situation was growing quite dire. The costs for garrisoning Yunnan was estimated to exceed the entire military revenue for the empire, over 9 million taels of silver. The situation grew worse when Li Dingguo began to work with local chieftains to form rebellions against the Qing menace. The trouble of banditry and rebellions would plague the Qing in Yunnan for months far into 1661. While some Qing commanders like Wu Sangui pushed for apprehending Emperor Yongli as soon as possible, Hong Chengchou favored a gradual pacification of Yunnan before campaigning. Hong had seen the countless failures in Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou and understood the need to win the hearts of the populace so that victory would be less costly.    Meanwhile back in Burma, Bai Wenxuan advanced towards Ava trying to rescue Emperor Yongli who he assumed had been kidnapped. This led the Burmese forces to treat both Bai and Li's small armies as threats. Bai and Li consolidated their armies and defeated a Burmese force killing several thousand. After defeating the Burmese force they negotiated a 3 day truce asking for the Burmese to hand over the emperor. After 3 days instead of handing him over the Burmese sent another army to attack them and they were swiftly defeated. When they demanded the Emperor be handed over again the Burmese commander said “Now how can we send [Yongli] to you? You have the temerity to attack our city, but the land and water [i.e., terrain] don't favor you. We can hold out for two to three years without fear.”. Thus they continued to march on Ava and besieged it, prompting the king of Burma to amass over 150,000 troops with 100 war elephants to defend the capital. The entire time Li and Bai both tried to write countless letters to the emperor failing countless times, but then one letter got through in 1661 and Yongli responded ““Use unorthodox troops to rescue me.”. Thus they did just that, they made a direct attack on the city preparing to cross the Irrawaddy to hit the walls of Ava. That night they opened fire with their heavy cannons and began building floating bridges.   As you can imagine the Ming forces were outnumbered by something like 10 to 1 and certainly outgunned or better said out elephanted. Regardless of their numbers the Burmese using the cover of night, to cut the bridges to Ava forcing the Ming forces to pull back. Then in april of 1661 a Burmese army of 150,000 with apparently 1000 war elephants showed up and gave battle, that number has to be inflated, 1000 war elephants what is this the siege of Minas Tirith? Anyways it is said, Li Dingguo went forth to the front of battle with a large sword and grabbed an elephants tusk as he hacked its trunk off. The elephant fled afterwards making Li the largest bad ass I've ever heard of, and that poor elephant. It is also said Bai Wenxuan managed to perform a rear flank attack killing thousands and drove the Burmese army back, which must of been incredible given the disparity of numbers, 10,000 guys managed to defeat an army of 150,000 and 1000 elephants, yeah. The Ming proceeded to continue building the fleet of boats and rafts after the battle and besieged Ava yet again. The Burmese sent word they would release Yongli if the siege was lifted, I am pretty confused writing about this one, its as if the Burmese army was a paper army or something. I mean this Ming force is 10,000 or less how are they managing to defeat the capital of Burma?. Regardless the Burmese did not hand over the emperor and instead began to construct more defenses in Ava.    Meanwhile the Qing sent letters to Li and Bai to defect to the Qing as they were mobilizing their own assault on Burma to grab Yongli. In june of 1661 the King of Burma, Pindale was executed and replaced by his brother, Pye Min who assumed a more aggressive stance against the Ming forces. For his enthronement there was a “water spirit” ceremony and an official of Yongli's court, Mu Tianbo was chosen to be sacrificed. Mu Tianbo fought ferociously, killing a few guards before being executed. After this Emperor Yongli lost all hope and lamented “The Dowager Empress is sick again and it looks like I will be unable to go back [to China] because the Tartars are coming to kill me. So please return the Dowager Empress's bones to her old home. Now it's obvious that I've been duped by traitorous ministers. If only I had invested Bai Wenxuan as a Prince of the Blood and Ma Bao as a secondary prince and followed the counsel of the meritorious officials, then I wouldn't have these regrets. Still playing the part of the Son of Heaven, he also expressed regret at the fate of his loyal subjects in Yunnan, who were reportedly suffering at the hands of Wu Sangui and Hong Chengchou.”   When Bai and Li heard of the execution they panicked and launched one final attack on Ava. This time they tried to use their 16 boats to get across to the city, but their force was driven back after only 3 days of combat and they lost 11 boats in the process. Now Li and Bai lamented in despair for their situation was very dire. Since the Ming had entered Burma the Burmese government began opening up talks with the Qing hoping to curry favor. This facilitated the Qing march into Burma with a 100,000 strong force in 1661. The Qing immediately sought to separate the forces of Li and Bai as they advanced towards Ava. The Qing had already sent word to the Burmese King that if Yongli was not handed over immediately, Ava would be besieged. As the Qing closed in, Emperor Yongli sent a letter to Wu Sangui begging for his life, but Wu ignored it. When the Qing arrived at Ava, the Burmese told Emperor Yongli Li Dingguo was taking him away to safety as they delivered the emperor straight into the hands of the Qing. Emperor Yongli was brought to Kunming and executed on may 19th 1662 on a small hill overlooking Green Lake. Yongli and his wife were strangled and their ashes were poured around the Lotus Pond in Kunming. Wu Sangui allegedly felt remorse for not trying to save Emperor Yongli, though his story is not quite done.   Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan fled north trying to decide their next move, but they knew they stood no chance against the Qing force. Wu Sangui surrounded their camp and Bai lamented “I've disappointed my emperor, and I've let down Prince Jin.”. Bai then surrendered to Wu Sangui's subordinate Ma Bao who happened to be an old friend of his. Li Dingguo was given false word that Emperor Yongli escaped, but required him for rescue. By this point Li had only 5000 or so men and could do little to nothing. Li fled east, hoping as you guessed it, to jin Koxinga, the man I keep naming but never speak much about. Li tried to flee to Vietnam and slipped past the Qing who were much more preoccupied moving Emperor Yongli back to Kunming. Despite the fact Li Dingguo evaded the Qing menace, as he fled through the thick Burmese jungles he was stricken, as were his men with disease. On his death bed just as he got word that Emperor Yongli had been executed, Li Dingguo died on August 10th 1662. He died telling his remaining son to never submit to the Qing and he would be remembered as one of the great loyalist heroes in Chinese history.    10700   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.  The last pretender to the Dragon throne, Emperor Yongli has been executed and adoptive offspring of Zhang Xianzhong have fallen likewise. Yunnan and the rest of south China is being consolidated into the Qing empire, all that remains is a few bandit groups, or was that all? I've mentioned his name countless times, but one problem still remains for the Qing, Koxinga over in Taiwan.

The Verge's Nilay Patel, Alex Cranz, and David Pierce discuss this week in tech news — including what's happening with HBO Max, Apple iPad rumors, some handheld gaming updates, and this week in EVs. Further reading: Apple might remove the headphone jack from its next entry-level iPad Apple might delay iPadOS 16 launch Apple says Mac sales are getting hit hard by supply constraints  OnePlus 10T review: call it a comeback OnePlus' 10T launch was a weird return to in-person events The Pixel 6A is getting an immediate update to make sure it's moddable Logitech announces a new dedicated cloud gaming handheld device Nintendo reports Switch sales dip as chip shortage continues to bite The Orion looks like if Kirby swallowed your Switch    The megamerger killed Batgirl HBO Max might get maimed  A TikTok Music app could challenge Spotify and Apple Roku has a problem — its buttons aren't printing enough money Lucid Motors will barely make any EVs this year as it slashes production goals again Tesla is the latest company to be drawn into the Elon Musk-Twitter legal mess Forget those Tesla crashes: GM says you can trust its autonomous vehicles GM's Super Cruise will cover 400,000 miles of roads in North America, doubling coverage Twitter v. Elon Musk trial date set to start October 17th Google Meet meets Duo Meet, with Meet in Duo but Duo isn't going into Meet A mysterious battery-powered Google device appears in FCC filings Sony InZone M9 review: impressive but flawed Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Economist admits to, warns of and draws attention to Britain's 15-year economic depression, labeling it a "slow-burning crisis", "long-standing", "stagnation nation" and "a chronic disease". There are many devastating socioeconomic, geopolitical consequences. It's not just Britain, it's the world. ----EP. 260 REFERENCES----Low economic growth is a slow-burning crisis for Britain: https://econ.st/3nObojJBritain's productivity problem is long-standing and getting worse: https://econ.st/3NVpvOMRealClear Markets Essays: https://bit.ly/38tL5a7Epoch Times Columns: https://bit.ly/39ESkRf-------THE EPISODES-------YouTube: https://bit.ly/310yisLVurbl: https://bit.ly/3rq4dPnApple: https://apple.co/3czMcWNDeezer: https://bit.ly/3ndoVPEiHeart: https://ihr.fm/31jq7cITuneIn: http://tun.in/pjT2ZCastro: https://bit.ly/30DMYzaGoogle: https://bit.ly/3e2Z48MSpotify: https://spoti.fi/3arP8mYPandora: https://pdora.co/2GQL3QgCastbox: https://bit.ly/3fJR5xQPodvine: https://bit.ly/3lt5NiHPodbean: https://bit.ly/2QpaDghStitcher: https://bit.ly/2C1M1GBPlayerFM: https://bit.ly/3piLtjVPodchaser: https://bit.ly/3oFCrwNPocketCast: https://pca.st/encarkdtSoundCloud: https://bit.ly/3l0yFfKListenNotes: https://bit.ly/38xY7pbAmazonMusic: https://amzn.to/2UpEk2PPodcastAddict: https://bit.ly/2V39XjrPodcastRepublic: https://bit.ly/3LH8JlV---------THE TEAM---------Jeff Snider, Emperor Eurodollar. Emil Kalinowski, Ceremony Master. David Parkins, Illustrator Deus. Audio and video editor, Terence. Episode intro/outro music is "Neon Dreams" by Lazer Boomerang.------FIND THE TEAM-------Jeff: https://twitter.com/JeffSnider_AIPJeff: https://www.eurodollar.university/Emil: https://twitter.com/EmilKalinowskiEmil: https://www.EuroDollarEnterprises.comDavid: https://DavidParkins.com/Terence: https://www.VisualFocusMedia.comLazer Boomerang: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPnl9BuBDKx8_uQ2xNy-djg"Neon Dreams": https://youtu.be/8vk_pnHbeZ4-------DISCLOSURES--------Jeffrey Snider (The Promoter) is acting as a promoter for an investment advisory firm, Atlas Financial Advisors, Inc. (AFA). Jeffrey Snider is affiliated with AFA as a promoter only and is not in any way giving investment advice or recommendations on behalf of AFA. The Promoter is being compensated by a fee arrangement: The Promoter will receive compensation on a quarterly basis, based on the increase in account openings that can be reasonably attributed to the Promoter's activity. The Promoter will not be receiving a portion of any advisory fees. The Promoter has an incentive to recommend the Adviser because the Promoter is being compensated. The opinions expressed on this site and in these videos are those solely of Jeffrey Snider and Eurodollar University and do not represent those of AFA.Emil Kalinowski is acting as three-ring circus ring master, he can neither confirm nor deny the presence of nuclear weapons on this show. Mister Kalinowski is neither employed by AFA nor does he receive any compensation from AFA -- not even the expensive gift basket comes with those fancy nuts. Señor Kalinowski does not offer investment advice. Nevertheless should you torture a statement by him into taking on the form of advice, or perhaps the shape of a suggestion -- let's even say a contortion resembling a hint -- AND then act on monsieur Kalinowski's 'recommendations'?  Well, YOU WILL LOSE MONEY. Even if you do the opposite of signore Kalinowski's 'advice' you will ALSO lose money - it is some kind of a paradox (both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Securities and Exchange Commission are investigating). Induna Kalinowski's only guidance is that you do not listen to him for any purpose other than deep, rapid eye movement sleep.

29th June - Having a bit of a whinge today but then I have been disfigured by a local nail bar! Much love and gratitude, Belle x

The First World War saw the dawn of fighting in the skies and advanced, savage warfare on the ground. Maimed soldiers lucky enough to survive were unlucky enough to live in a time when medical tech was vastly outpaced by war tech. That struggle to keep up meant uncertain futures for wounded soldiers—especially when it came to facial injuries. Medical historian Dr. Lindsey Fitzharris takes us behind the scenes of a medical revolution: the birth of plastic surgery.A few curiosities you'll uncover in this episode:Why did soldiers with facial injuries sit on blue benches?How do you reconstruct a face?Were injured men called back to the front lines?Get a copy of Dr. Fitzharris' book, The Facemaker: A Visionary Surgeon's Battle to Mend the Disfigured Soldiers of World War I, at Amazon, Audible, or Bookshop.org.Did You Know?8-10 million people died in WWI, with twice as many injured—often seriously.CreditsCurious State is a Quick and Dirty Tips podcast hosted and produced by Doug Fraser.Find Curious State on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, or subscribe to our newsletter for the latest updates.Podcast Manager - Adam Cecil Podcast and Advertising Operations Specialist - Morgan ChristiansonDigital Operations Specialist - Holly HutchingsMarketing and Publicity Assistant - Davina TomlinIntern - Brendan Picha The Quick and Dirty Tips network is a division of Macmillan Publishers in partnership with Mignon Fogarty, Inc.Have a question? Or a topic you'd like covered on the show? Maybe you just love sending emails? Whichever shoe fits, tie it on and send me a message at curious@quickanddirtytips.com.

THE THESIS: If you ever wonder whose in charge, determine who you are not allowed to criticize. No one in the GOP is willing to take on the Pharma gangsters of The Party. It's up to us to remember God sees all, His Kingdom will come and His Word will be done. It's also up to us to know what Pharma is and how they work within The Party.  THE SCRIPTURE & SCRIPTURAL RESOURCES:  Matthew 6:9-13 9 “This, then, is how you should pray: “‘Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name,10 your kingdom come,your will be done,    on earth as it is in heaven.11 Give us today our daily bread.12 And forgive us our debts,    as we also have forgiven our debtors.13 And lead us not into temptation,    but deliver us from the evil one.'' THE NEWS & COMMENT: COVID Vaccines Linked to New Type of Incurable, Fatal Degenerative Brain Disorder;Towards the emergence of a new form of the neurodegenerative Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Twenty six cases of CJD declared a few days after a COVID-19 “vaccine” Jab Overall deaths in Australia - where nearly everyone is vaccinated - are spiking.It's Monday Down Under. Get ready to start the week with frightening data. Oh, but what did the WAPO say about Australia? [AUDIO] - What did Bill Gates say? [AUDIO] - What did Fauci say ia a threat to what he calls our Democracy? [AUDIO] - What did Morning Joe and Dan Pfeiffer say needs to happen to shows like mine 'CDC Raises Monkeypox Alert, Recommends Masks During Travel, Then Removes Advice'; why did they remove it? this corrupt inept incompetent CDC is at it again...trying desperately to scare youtrying hard to deflect that the focus has to be on men who have sex with men, that group, bisexuals and that behavior and brining it to low risk women etc.; it is not a 'general' population issue  New Boston Mayor Reportedly Wants (Catholic) Boston College to Create an LGBT Resource Center   . . . The Bible and a loving, Christian community is THE resource center Please don't use this tactic, the Devil LOVES this tactic: [AUDIO] - Guy yelling at parents Christopher Yuan book [AUDIO] - MTG tracks down Lindsey Graham in the Senate…  THE LISTENERS: Melinda: I have a new term.... Covid Divorce..... that's where I am now. I probably don't need to explain the term.... Thank you for all you do. It helps to hear your voice now and through you, I hear God's as well. ---   ---   --- Todd: Greetings from the separate country of Front Range Colorado. I was made aware that there will be a groomer show at the Botanic Gardens in Denver called drag queen story time to “celebrate” pride month. I am planning to call and oppose this event and ask that this event be canceled. I will never consider this “family” establishment for entertainment. I ask that you pray for me to have the wisdom of the Holy Spirit when calling and that I am able to refrain my fleshly rage. Thanks, God bless you and your family! ---   ---   --- Mike: Hello Todd, Thank you for being a steward of the light in a very dark world. I have listened to you for a couple of months now, and have enjoyed and been blessed by the content. Your courage to openly discuss Jesus and share Him with the public is admirable and very much appreciated. One thing, and only one, that caught me off guard was your support of a song by Elevation Worship on episode 134. Elevation Church is pastored by a heretical man, Steven Furtick, who claimed he is God Almighty in a recent sermon. The sermon is called "It's Always Been In You".  Regarding the music, I do believe that the purpose of Megachurch worship bands, is to lead people to the sponsoring church. You mentioned the hypnotic sound. That is a classic Hillsong, Bethel, Jesus Culture method of drawing listeners in to the "experience". If these churches were providing sound, fundamental biblical teaching, then great! Listeners of the music and the sermons would truly be blessed. Unfortunately, I don't believe this is true. Todd, this e-mail is in no way a critique of you or your relationship with God Almighty. I have a deep conviction that some churches are not always leading us through the narrow gate, and instead leading us down the wide path to hell. If you are so inclined, it would be great to hear a podcast(s) specifically focused on false teachers, false churches, the infiltration and acceptance of immorality in our churches, etc. Many blessings to you, your family, your listeners, and your podcast. Mike   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, Kendell recounts the infamous story of Lorena and John Bobbitt. Sources: Lorena  Documentary Wikipedia The New York Times 

A woman destroys a man's way of life and is eventually charged with murder in this unsettling story of jealous rage. Should the woman have been charged with murder in this case? Do you want to be a guest on a future episode of Shaken and Disturbed? Become a Patron at the Superfan level, and you could be joining us in the coming weeks! http://patreon.com/shakenanddisturbed Everyone else can sign up now for as little as $5 a month, or get 15% off if you subscribe annually! Aside from physical and digital perks, your support keeps our show going as independent podcast creators! Sign up for Patreon here: http://patreon.com/shakenanddisturbed And if you've already signed up for Patreon, thank you, Mom and Dad love you.

It is Maria and Kash's time to be under the weather. Lauri brings first-time guest Jay Ellis on to discuss stories of women who have cutoff (or maimed) penises. @BloodyPodcast on all social media. www.patreon.com/bloodypodcast PLEASE SUBSCRIBE, RATE & REVIEW!

Governments around the world – lead by the U.S. government – are lying about Covid, the vaxxes, and the horrendous and deadly side-effects from the jabs. In this Republic, all told, the government response to Covid is the greatest medical, greatest political, and greatest human rights conspiracy and attack in history – nothing else comes close. In this edition of the Ledger Report, Graham Ledger uncovers the staggering, real number of lethal and crippling adverse events from the injections.Please subscribe free to The Ledger Report by clicking here: www.GrahamLedger.com Ledger is doing the journalism that the MSM refuses to do because the MSM are part of the conspiracy and cover-up.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jeff Goin steps down as President of the USPPA (United States Powered Paragliding Association), passing off the reins to Noah Rasheta.  SUPPORT: Help me fund the show by becoming a Patron. I pay hundreds of dollars every year to keep the podcast on the air. On top of that, there is thousands in recording equipment, software, and licensing to make it all happen. If you have the means, please visit https://www.patreon.com/anthonyvella  

Neighbourhood deer keep attacking Arlene Chmelyk's Christmas decoration in Fort Nelson, B.C.

This week - our last episode of the season brings all the horrors of World War I with the additional terror of an unexplained pandemic! In this episode Nicola and Hannah discuss the gendered expectations of soldiers returning from WWI with disabilities, especially facial injuries, and the expectations of women in their lives. There's a brief Robin Williams-diversion, and then a discussion of the work of American artist Anna Coleman-Ladd in restoring confidence to some soldiers with her delicately crafted copper masks that served to mimic the men's pre-war faces. Thanks to everyone who listened through this season of our podcast, we appreciate every single one of you. We will be back sometime in 2022, hopefully recording together and not being hit by things falling off the desks we're recording under. Anything for slightly better audio quality.  Thanks to Dorian (here's his twitter) for his reading of “We Are the Maimed” and “In Flanders Fields.” Dorian is a queer-, disability- and trans- rights activist and artist based in Melbourne. He also has a kofi: https://ko-fi.com/sindesiecle This episode contains descriptions of war injuries and disability, mental illness, suicide and suicidal ideation, murder, facial injuries, pandemics and illnesses, comas, domestic violence and murder by intimate partners, and swearing. Why do we warn people about the swearing? We just don't know.  This episode also contains discussion of medical issues. It is not intended as advice. Do not take medical advice from two historians who live with their parents, or any strangers online. Please speak to a doctor or other medical professional if you have questions about Covid-19 or vaccination.  All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented in this podcast however with the nature of historical research, there may be mistakes or inconsistencies. Nicola does give the wrong name for one of the writers of the 100 Stories - it's Laura, not whatever the hell she said. She knows too many people with the surname James. Sorry Laura.  For more information on disabled and mentally ill returned servicemen after WWI, check out Shattered Anzacs by Marina Larsson, The 100 Stories by Bruce Scates, Rebecca Wheatley and Laura James, The Last Battle by Bruce Scates and Melanie Oppenheimer, or  The Cost of War by Stephen Garton. For more info on Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance check out A Place to Remember by Bruce Scates.  For the whole political issue of Anzac in Australia, check out What's Wrong With Anzac, or Anzac's Long Shadow.  Penny Marshall's film Awakenings does not appear to be streaming in Australia. Piracy is wrong, but the film is 30 years old so good luck finding it regardless.  Footage of Anna Coleman Ladd working in her mask clinic is available in this article: https://allthatsinteresting.com/anna-coleman-ladd.    For more information on the podcast, go to womenofwarpod.com or follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram @womenofwarpod for updates, sneak peeks and behind-the-scenes shenanigans. Sign up to our newsletter at womenofwarpod.com/subscribe to get notified of the newest episodes plus all the cool things we couldn't fit into the episode. Intro and Outro Music: Frosty Forest by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com Sound Effects by ZapSplat.com

In the aftermath of the destructive battle with Venomfang, our "heroes" are left to pick up the pieces...or in this case, make yet more pieces. With spoils in hand, they embark on the journey back to Phandalin in hopes of attending the Harvest Festival. There, they find they are awaited by townsfolk and rivals alike. Sanguine discovers a new facet of her divine powers. Daisy gives in to his infernal side. Mogwai does his best to tow the line. Cover art by Alexandra Goodrich Recap music: "Master of the Feast" by Kevin Macleod Additional music provided by: -Thor Speeler @Heq on Spotify -Rebecca Kelly @stolenflamingo on Instagram and YouTube -Ryan Mull @mullymadeit on Instagram -Davis Andrews on YouTube Our Cast: Flying Gorilla GOd - Garrett Mitchell Sanguine - Alexandra Goodrich Daisy Duke Realm Destroyer - Naheem Mitchell Mogwai Emurk - Justin Conway Find more of our stuff on Instagram @brain.cake.yt

It is better to enter Heaven maimed that have your whole body descend into Hell. A practical application. You can DM me on SP3RN @Calebthe Mechanic, or on Twitter, Parler and Minds @MightyColibri, or email me at radiofreecatholic@gmail.com. Support me on PayPal.me/MightyColibri, Venmo @Mighty_Colibri, on BitChute, or on Anchor.FM at anchor.fm/support/radio-free-catholic. Videos available on BitChute, Minds, LBRY://@radiofreecatholic and Odysee.com/@radiofreecatholic. Follow me on Telegram at https://t.me/Caleb_the_Mechanic. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/radio-free-catholic/support

I speak to Dr Ismini Pells, who is leading the Civil War Petitions Project.  She explains what these petitions tell us about the ordinary men and women who lived and fought during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. What wounds did they incur?How did they integrate back into society?Why were some petitions for relief granted, and some not?It's usually the leaders of both sides whose stories are told, but now, this project brings the personal stories of the soldiers and widows to the fore:Richard Parker of Somerset - his near death experience.Elizabeth Carey - her husband and Prince Charles's dog.John Baxter of Essex - his request for a loom.John Tinkler of Durham - his wounds at the siege of Hartlepool.Michael Powell of Wrexham - his wife's work to survive poverty.This podcast looks at anything and everything to do with the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which is very much an overlooked part of our history. Hopefully CavalierCast can help change that. To find out more about the wars, you can read various articles relating to it on my blog: http://www.allegianceofblood.comPlease do subscribe to CavalierCast on Apple Podcasts and review it to help spread the word! You can keep on touch with me on Twitter (@1642author) and Facebook (www.Facebook.com/markturnbullauthor).Thanks for your support!

"When anyone asks me about the Irish character, I say look at the trees. Maimed, stark and misshapen, but ferociously tenacious." –Edna O'Brien

Ep. 225: Video Maimed The Podcast Star   It’s a first (and possibly last) for Sunny 16 this week as we attempt our first ever video recording in order to make more sense of the Cheap Shots Challenge judging, so if you want to watch Clare, Rachel, John and Graeme look uncomfortable and see the pictures we’re talking about, then go to  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMgxzMInRZCR9PG2j7LdgsQ/   Link to see the pictures discussed: Music   Big thanks to our entrants for this round, Billy Sanford, Bob Matter, Ian Wallace, Aaron Alfano and Anthony Rue for their time and effort.    Mike Crawford’s Rijeka exhibition: http://www.atelier-d-online.de ------------------------------------------------- Sunny 16 Podcast https://sunny16podcast.com/ http://sunny16.podbean.com/ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkLnBvZGJlYW4uY29tL3N1bm55MTYvZmVlZC54bWw https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/sunny-16-podcast/id1120924853   Clare Marie Bailey https://twitter.com/ClaremBailey https://www.instagram.com/claremariebailey/ https://www.claremariebailey.com/   Rachel Brewster Wright https://twitter.com/VintagePhotoCo https://www.instagram.com/littlevintagephotography/ https://www.littlevintagephotography.co.uk/   John Whitmorehttps://www.youtube.com/c/thedarkshed https://twitter.com/thedarkshed https://johnwhitmorephotography.co.uk/  

The party makes their way into the strange clearing within the Felwood...   Want more NotGreatRPG content? Check out our other podcasts and our live stream on our website! https://notgreatrpg.com

In past episodes we have talked about companies that use technology in a pre-crime style. Those same companies are now being employed by governments around the world to track the expected adverse reactions to the brand new "safe and effective" covid vax. Safe and effective means something totally different to these people than to the rest of us it seems!If you love the show and want to support our work find us on Patreon https:// www.patreon.com/WakingtheFuture?fan_landing=trueHere is the link to Though Police episode we did https://www.bitchute.com/video/imi1TBi0chm3/ https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/emea/uk-use-ai-covid-19-vaccine-side-effects https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/health/eua-coronavirus-vaccine-history/index.html 

Why did they touch it?! In this episode, we’re looking at five terrifying haunted objects you don’t want to touch. Let’s delve into the mysterious and arcane. Support the show! Join the club. Get a shirt. Go to https://arcaneops.com

In the premiere episode of Tales From the Mat, we view gatekeeping through the lens of a 1930s horror story of wrestling-gone-wrong. We will examine the truth behind the urban legend of Lou Thesz's trainer, George Tragos, injuring a young opponent so severely that his arm needed to be amputated. This audio docudrama features interviews with Gerald Brisco, Dr. Tom Prichard, LuFisto, and Bill Tragos, alongside guest performances by A Very Good Professional Wrestler (formerly known as Dasher Hatfield), Anthony Greene, Aristidis Marousas, Ava Everett, Blake Chadwick, Masha Slamovich, Phil Stamper, Rich Palladino, Royce Isaacs, Saleema Smith, Sidney Bakabella, and “Top Shelf” Troy Nelson. You can read detailed notes on the careers of George Tragos and Sam Carter here, courtesy of Jimmy Wheeler and the Professional Wrestling Historical Society. Tales From the Mat (@FromTheMatTales) is curated by Kris Levin (@RefKrisLevin) and produced by Sam Fritz (@AbstractFritz). Table of Contents: Introduction (0:00 - 10:04) Chapter 1: The Ripper (11:05 - 25:55) A biography of George Tragos. Chapter 2: The Shooter (27:47 - 33:21) A biography of the victims. Chapter 3: The Maiming (34:46 - 1:02:10) A factual account of the alleged maiming. Chapter 4: Keepers of the Gate (1:03:22 - 1:59:03) Conservations about gatekeeping in professional wrestling with Gerald Brisco, Dr. Tom Prichard, and LuFisto.

GROW Greatness Reached over Oppression through WisdomThe Casino is Oppressing our people.  Before I met my husband I tried the boat.  It took me 5 minutes to lose $60 so I knew that wasn't it.  For some, that first small win is what get you hooked and like crack you are mentally enslaved cause you ain't gonna win.  It ain't in it for you to win it so please change your mindset.A personal mental health story.***We are spiritual, not religious.  We prayed to God through our Ancestors.  It has been 400 years since that first ship docked bringing our Ancestors to the New World now known as the United States.  Slaves were kidnapped and their descendants are now scattered all over the world.  Since then, we have been enslaved, beaten, raped, lynched, burned, maimed, tortured beyond belief, hunted, slaughtered, intimidated, discriminated, and now, as a result, we Oppress ourselves and each other in the exact same way.  NO MORE THE ANCESTORS SAY!  IT STOPS NOW OR YOU WILL BE SEVERELY JUDGED! YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED!

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful house filled with beautiful things in a beautiful city and within this luxurious dwelling lived a manipulative and absolutely psychotic and murderous princess.   Atlas Obscura.  LaLaurie Mansion.  New Orleans, Louisiana.  A symbolic Piece of New Orleans Architecture – and a Ghostly Legend.  https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lalaurie-mansion   French Quarter Phantoms Ghost Tours.  The Real Story Behind the LaLaurie Mansion, New Orleans Most Haunted Home.  https://www.frenchquarterphantoms.com/blog/the-real-story-behind-the-lalaurie-mansion-new-orleans-most-haunted-home   Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans.  What Really Happened at the LaLaurie House?  Robert Cangelosi, Jr.  November 1, 2019.  https://prcno.org/what-really-happened-at-the-lalaurie-house/   The French Quarter’s LaLaurie Mansion will Star in a New Horror Franchise.  Missy Wilkinson.  10-29-2019.  https://nola.curbed.com/2019/10/29/20938439/lalaurie-mansion-new-horror-franchise-film-the-conjuring   Ghost City Tours.  The Haunted LaLaurie Mansion.  https://ghostcitytours.com/new-orleans/haunted-places/lalaurie-mansion/   Look for: The New Orleans Bee April 11, 1834.   All That’s Interesting.  Madame LaLaurie’s Most Sickening Acts of Torture and Murder.  Katie Serena. https://www.allthatsinteresting.com/madame-lalaurie   NOLA.  Another Era for the LaLaurie House:  See Elegant Makeover for Haunted French Quarter Mansion.  Susan Langenhennig 10-23-2013.  https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/article_f0c51023-9560-5fc9-9063-f550e01c7b0c.html   Altered Dimensions.  Madame Marie Delphine LaLaurie – New Orleans Socialite Caged, Tortured, and Maimed her Slaves for Fun.    10-21-2013.  Serial Killers.  https://www.altereddimensions.net/2013/mad-madame-marie-delphine-lalaurie-new-orleans-socialite-serial-killer-caged-tortured-killed-slaves   Portland State University PDX Scholar.  The Radical Impact of Madame Delphine Lalaurie on Slavery and the Image of African Americans, 1831 – 1840.  Sophie A. Rehlaender.  Lakeridge High School.  2019.  https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1171&context=younghistorians   New Orleans as It Was.  Henry C. Castellanos. 

Beth explores what makes a good non-fiction text for primary to intermediate readers with fellow PDSB teacher librarian Toni Duval. Toni outlines her experiences on the selection committees for the OLA Forest of Reading program and the criteria used to choose a book for the list of nominees. The conversation takes on the non-linear fashion of non-fiction texts, memoirs as a narrative sub-genre, the amount of visual literacy built into a non-fiction text and the necessity of a good layout to help young readers make sense of the text. Beth and Toni discuss how students benefit from having positive models of reading in their lives, the shift from only valuing fiction and novels during their parent's education to opening the door to readers to choose what they like to read and why that is an important aspect of the role of a teacher librarian. Their brief disagreement over a book chosen for the Yellow Cedar nominee list is discussed and they move on as friends! Signage, book displays and ideas for promoting non-fiction in their library learning commons is a common thought for both teacher librarians and they share how they have shifted their practice to learn more about #OwnVoices within the non-fiction publishing world. Toni Duval @toni_a_duvalBooks mentioned: Meatless?: A Fresh Look At What You Eatby Sarah Elton, Julie McLaughlin (Illustrations)Killer Style: How Fashion Has Injured, Maimed, and Murdered Through Historyby Alison Matthews David, Serah-Marie McMahon

Fourth Of July: Jim and Jeff are in the studio on this OBSERVED Fourth Of July, celebrating this pagan holiday in the face of horror and madness.Fireworks: We get into the firework conspiracy and Jim shares childhood stories of dealing with illegal fireworks and people tossing fireworks at other people.Unsolved Mysteries: Jim has watched some of the new Netflix Unsolved Mysteries and wonders how they can get away with accusing so many people of murder, also people in Milwaukee burn down a house because of rumors.HEAVEN!, PEOPLE!, AMPUTATED!, THE SIMPSONS!, OBSERVED HOLIDAYS!, FOURTH OF JULY!, "HOLIDAY"!, CELEBRATE!, FUCK BRITISH PEOPLE!, CRITICAL!, ENJOYMENT!, GHETTO BABY!, HATE WHITE PEOPLE!, FIREWORKS!, LET'S FUCKING GO!, TOM BRADY!, THE FOURTH!, COMMIE MIKE!, MINORITIES!, ACAB!, ADACAB!, AMAB!, MILITARY!, EVERY HOLIDAY!, FUN!, BAD THINGS!, PAGAN HOLIDAY!, NO MIKE!, BUSSES!, SURGE PRICING!, UBER!, LYFT!, STRIKE!, UNEMPLOYMENT!, NIGHTMARE YEAR!, 2017!, 2018!, SUCK A DICK!, FIREWORKS!, CONSPIRACY!, HANDING OUT!, BRICKS!, PROTESTS!, RIOTS!, NATIONWIDE!, BING!, DEEPWEB!, GOOGLE GLASS!, WOKE!, MIND CONTROL!, PLYMOUTH HARBOR!, DANGEROUS!, MEMORIES!, BABY!, BLINDED!, MAIMED!, MANGLED!, M-80S!, QUARTER STICK OF DYNAMITE!, EXPLOSIONS!, ANTA!, BUTTAZ!, MEXICO!, CHES!, MATCHES!, NICKNAMES!, EMPTY POCKETS!, CHES AND A DREAM!, BOBBY BUTTAZ!, SOUTH PARK!, CHAZ!, CHOP!, OUTSIDE AGITATORS!, SEATTLE!, BROKEN UP!, SHOOTINGS!, DEATH!, DRIVING AROUND!, SECURITY!, MEDICS!, BLOODY CAR!, THROWING FIREWORKS AT PEOPLE!, HOMELESS!, FIRE!, BURNT DOWN!, STAXX!, CANNON!, BAZOOKA!, TRUMPULUS!, NETFLIX!, UNSOLVED MYSTERIES!, REY!, MISSING!, DEATH!, HOLE!, POLICE!, TWITTER DETECTIVES!, THEORIES!, OPEN AND SHUT CASE!, GAY!, SECRET LOVERS!, MURDERS!, NOTES!, WEIRDO!, SECRET SOCIETIES!, FREEMASONS!, SCREENPLAY!, PORTER STANSBERRY!, M NIGHT SHYAMALAN!, WIFI!, 5G!, HUMAN GENOME!, MILWAUKEE!, MOB!, FREDDY KRUEGER!, NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET!, HUMAN TRAFFICKING!, MISSING!, MOB!, HOUSE FIRE!You can find the videos from this episode at our Discord RIGHT HERE!

In which our heroes drink dark beer, remember being young & beautiful and plan to topple the statue of a historical villain.

We’ve now covered Chinggis Khan’s conquest of much of the Jin Dynasty and the Khwarezmian Empire, leaving him with an empire stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Pacific Ocean. With the defeat of Jalal al-Din Mingburnu on the borders of India at the end of 1221, Chinggis Khan began the long journey back to his homeland- much of this trip being discussed on our last episode where we also discussed the Khan meeting the Taoist, Qiu Chuji (Chee-u Chu-ji). Chinggis Khan was certainly returning to his native steppe with an idea for continued campaigning in north China, hoping to deliver the death blow to the Jin Dynasty. In his absence, his general Mukhali, supported by Tangut forces, had been left to maintain pressure on the Jin until the Khan’s return. Mukhali’s death in 1223 unravelled this plan, as it was followed by the ascension of new Jin and Tangut rulers who organized peace between their respective empires. The treachery of his erstwhile vassals, the Tangut, had to be punished, while the succession of the aging Chinggis had yet to be settled. Now, let us discuss the final years of Chinggis Khan! I’m your host David and this is the Ages of Conquest Podcast: The Mongol Invasions!       By the 1220s, Chinggis Khan was in his sixties, having lived a long and difficult life. In the almost  20 years since he had unified the Mongols, a generation of new warriors had known nothing but his rule. The thought that Chinggis even could die must have seemed impossible to many: the great success of the Khwarezm campaign had only demonstrated how Chinggis Khan was Heaven’s chosen, and surely he was destined to conquer the remainder of the world. His impending demise however, was something his top advisers were concerned over, and all knew the tendency for nomadic confederations to fragment on the ruler’s death. You will recall that Chinggis himself had taken advantage of  the division of the Naiman Khanate between Tayang and Buiruk after their father’s death in the 1190s. If the Secret History of the Mongols is to be believed, the matter was brought up and settled on the eve of the Khwarezmian campaign- so in 1219, though other sources have it settled as late as on Chinggis’ deathbed. It’s possible it was something dealt with in stages.       Though Chinggis had God knows how many children with likely hundreds of lesser wives and concubines, there were only four choices over who would become Khan after his death, those born of his first and chief wife, Borte Khatun. The eldest of these was Jochi [Зүчи, Züchi]. A skilled hunter and capable commander, infamously, Jochi was born after Borte’s abduction by Merkits in the 1180s. A haze therefore always hung over Jochi’s legitimacy, and though Chinggis Khan always publicly treated Jochi as his own, his second son Chagatai [Цагадай] utterly refused to. Perhaps two years Jochi’s junior, Chagatai was stern, a strict enforcer of his father’s laws, and had an intense dislike for his elder brother. Possibly by encouraging rumour of Jochi’s illegitimacy, Chagatai hoped to increase his own chances of succeeding their father. Their conflict escalated and resulted in Chinggis removing both from succeeding him as Great Khan, a decision made easier by Jochi’s untimely death in 1225. The sources are unclear as to the reasons for his death and cite anything from illness, to injuries from a hunting accident, to rumours that he was poisoned by Chinggis himself. Chinggis allowed Jochi’s sons to inherit their father’s territory, with Jochi’s second son, Batu, succeeding him.       The other two options to succeed Chinggis were his third and fourth sons, Ogedai [Өгэдэй] and Tolui [Тулуй]. Both were notable alcoholics, even by Mongolian standards but where Tolui built himself a reputation as a ruthless military commander, Ogedai was famously generous and conciliatory, a man capable of reaching compromise between the many loud voices of the empire. Unlike the less flexible Chagatai and Tolui, Chinggis anticipated Ogedai as having a head for establishing an actual administration, rather than just expansion. Indeed, the intention may have been for Ogedai to be a ruler, not just a conqueror, though he would undoubtedly do that. If we are to believe the account in the Secret History of the Mongols, Chagatai himself suggested Ogedai as the best choice from among them.    Chinggis Khan returned to Mongolia in spring 1225 in what was to be a short stay in the land of his birth. As we’ve already mentioned, the general Mukhali, with Tangut support, had campaigned against the Jin Dynasty while Chinggis was subduing the Khwarezmian Empire. With Mukhali’s death in early 1223, the Mongol offensive in China lost its impetus, though his son and brother continued to campaign. The Tangut abandoned the war, which was both hugely expensive and unpopular within their kingdom. In similar time, the Jurchen emperor Xuanzong (shu-an-zong) of Jin died, succeeded by Aizong (Ai-zong) of Jin, and the Tangut king was forced to abdicate by his son, Weiming Dewang (Way-ming De-wang).    With the slate wiped clean and the great Khan still in Central Asia, the Jin and Tangut entered into negotiations and proclaimed a peace treaty and fraternal relations in 1225- a treaty with no provisions for military assistance, mind you. Organizing their own peace treaty with the Jin Dynasty was, of course, an open refutation of the Great Khan’s mandate, the culmination of a defiant trend that had started with their refusal to supply troops in 1219.   Sitting comfy in our armchairs 800 years later with the benefit of hindsight, we know what a foolish decision this was. There was some sense to it from the Tangut point of view though. With Mukhali’s death and Chinggis still distant in the west, the Tangut gambled that the high tide of the Mongols had passed, the aging Chinggis Khan burning out the last of his energies in Central Asia. The known tendency for nomadic confederations to splinter on their founder’s demise, and the vast breadth of the Mongol Empire could have brought hopes of an approaching Mongolian civil war and breathing room for the Tangut. It turns out, this was not a good gamble.    On his return to Mongolia in 1225, Chinggis Khan sent messengers  to the Tangut court demanding they send a royal hostage to reaffirm their vassalage- an act the proud Tangut had never partaken in before. Mongol sources have the Tangut refuse to provide this hostage, and thus brought on Mongol wrath.  However, we have two very rare and precious Tangut documents- a commander’s report dated to 1225, and an early 14th century ritual song- which say the Tangut did provide a royal hostage, a prince who was less than 10 years old who the Mongols promptly murdered. That this killing went unmentioned in Mongolian documents makes sense. Killing a royal hostage, an envoy, a child, was not a good look, especially when unprovoked and even more when the Mongols tried using it to justify the invasion and destruction. If true, perhaps Chinggis Khan was already set on attacking the Tangut, intending to use their refusal as casus belli, not anticipating they might actually comply. That the Tangut actually did send a child took the Mongol leadership by surprise and made it hard to justify an invasion- so they killed the boy, spread rumours the Tangut had refused, and proceeded with their invasion.   In winter 1225, Chinggis Khan left Mongolia for what would be the final time, marching at the head of an army into the Tangut Kingdom in January  1226. In these months according to the Secret History of the Mongols, Chinggis Khan fell from his horse while hunting wild asses- the second such fall he suffered, with one a few years earlier mentioned in our episode on Qiu Chuji. This fall however was more serious. The elderly Khan developed a fever and was bedridden, and his captains argued that the army should fall back to allow Chinggis to recover. The Tangut in their pounded-earth walls would not be going anywhere. Chinggis refused,  instead ordering a final set of envoys to meet the Tangut and based off the response they received, Chinggis would decide if they should retreat.   Chinggis’ messengers reached the Tangut Emperor, called Burqan (Bur-chan) by the Mongols, and shared the Khan’s message, as per the account in the Secret History of the Mongols.   “... you, Burqan (Bur-chan), did not keep your promise and did not give me troops, but came out with  mocking words. As I was moving in a different direction at the time, I said that I would call you to account later. I set out against [Khwarezm] and being protected by Eternal Heaven I brought them duly under submission. Now I have come to call Burqan to account for his words.”       Before the emperor could reply, the minister Asa Gambu spoke up, the man who had issued the rebuff to Mongol requests for troops in 1219, and the same man dominating and leading the anti-Mongol faction in the Tangut court:   “I spoke the mocking words. As for now, if you Mongols, who are used to fighting, say, ‘Let us fight!’, then turn towards the [Alashan mountains] and come to me, for I have an encampment in the [Alashan].”       When the messengers came to Chinggis with Asa Gambu’s response, the injured Khan made this declaration:   “This is enough! When one lets oneself be addressed so boastfully, how can one withdraw? Even if we die let us challenge their boasts!... Eternal heaven, you be the judge!”    Thus did Chinggis Khan, suffering from internal injuries, remount his horse and ride into his final campaign. He had used his time wisely, developing a simple, perfectly executed strategy to ruin the Tangut. The western territory of the Tangut was taken methodically, preventing these garrisons from reuniting at the capital. Then, Mongol armies cut east, coming up behind the Alashan mountains and bypassing the defensive passes which had proved so troublesome in 1209. With their armies situated between the Tangut capital of Zhongxing and the Jin Empire, the Mongols cut the Tangut off from possible Jin support, investing the city while they reduced the other Tangut holdouts in the east of the kingdom.       Everything went according to plan. The fortress of Qara-qoto, famous ruins today, fell in February 1226, and the western settlements fell in perfect succession. Tanguts in Mongol service at times managed to prevent slaughter or reached negotiated surrenders, but the bloodbath could not be averted. By that autumn, entire districts were surrendering to the Mongols, and then Tangut emperor died suddenly, supposedly of fright. The reign of the kinsman who succeeded him was short and chaotic, watching helplessly as the 200 year old Tangut kingdom was reduced to an ever shrinking strip of land around the capital.       In winter 1226 Chinggis was outside Lingzhou (Ling-zho), northeast of Zhongxing (Zhong-shing). A Tangut army was sent from the capital, a desperate final gamble to kill the Khan and end the invasion. When the Yellow River froze, Chinggis Khan crossed the river and destroyed  the army- the final field battle Chinggis Khan seems to have commanded in person. An army was then ordered to invest the Tangut capital, while Chinggis moved to the kingdom’s southeast, to Lintao, to mop up those untouched cities and act as guard should Jin reinforcements come. By spring 1227, Chinggis had secured most of the region, but the injuries sustained the year prior had not gone away. Whatever the injury had been, the year of campaign had prevented it from healing properly. Perhaps ribs had been broken in the fall and been unable to heal, and now infection was setting in, the Khan’s old body failing him. To avoid the approaching heat of summer, and have a chance to rest, Chinggis made  his encampment high in the valleys of the Liupan (Leeo-pan) mountains. It was here that the Khan spent the last months of his life.        The order of events of the Khan’s final month, August 1227, are highly contradicted among the historical sources. Zhongxing (Zhong-shing) resisted for 6 months before it finally surrendered in July or August, the Tangut ruler asking for a month to prepare gifts for the Khan. When Weiming Xian (Way-ming Shian) came to surrender before the Khan’s ger in August, he was forced to stand outside his ger for three days- quite likely because Chinggis Khan had already died.       What exactly killed Chinggis Khan goes unspecified in the Secret History of the Mongols, though it strongly suggests it was related to the injury from his earlier fall. By then, Chinggis was in his late sixties and had gone through a life of injuries and rigour. Complications from internal injuries at that age in this period would hardly be an unusual way to die. Chinggis is recorded as ordering the time, the cause of his death and the very fact of it to remain secret: had news of it reached the Tangut too early, they could have found new courage to continue and brought renewed resistance. Furthermore, dying before the campaign was actually completed could have been interpreted as heaven rescinding its favour. Coupled with Mongolian taboos about discussing death, it’s almost a wonder we even learned he died at all!    His generals proved loyal to him until the very end and succeeded in keeping his death a secret. The true details around it were only known to a select audience of his commanders and family. The problem with this reasonable enough explanation is that it just wasn’t sexy enough for the rumour mills of Asia, and in the absence of an official explanation, we are provided with a litany of different variations in every medieval source which mentions it. The Persian writers Juvaini, Rashid al-Din and the Ming era Yuan shi speak of illness aggravated by the climate while the Syriac writer Bar Hebraues specified malaria. The Franscian Friar John de Plano Carpini thought Chinggis was killed by lightning and Marco Polo said Chinggis died of infection from a Tangut arrow to the knee; he used to be an adventurer, after all. A later Mongolian tradition from the 17th century said that Chinggis was severely injured during coitus with a captured Tangut princess, Gurblechin, who had… ‘cleverly’  hidden a knife in her body somewhere. We’ll let you fill in the blanks on that one.   Whatever the specifics, Chinggis Khan died in August 1227, with August 18th or 25th commonly given dates in the sources. The Tangut king was left standing for three days, for which the Mongols gave him the ironic name of ‘Sidurqu,’ (shid-ur-hoo) meaning ‘upright.’ With Sidurqu’s (shid-ur-hoo’s) death, Mongol forces rode down upon the unsuspecting Zhongxing, which was subject to fire and plunder. Though some were rescued by Tanguts in Mongol service, Zhongxing was obliterated, the vast pyramidal tombs of the Tangut kings looted and stripped of their tiles. These still stand today, barren, eroding memorials to a lost kingdom.         The Secret History of the Mongols treats the Tangut with nothing but scorn, this passage illustrating this:   “After he had plundered the Tang’ut people and, making Iluqu Burqan change his name to Sidurqu, had done away with him, and after having exterminated the Tang’ut people’s mothers and fathers down to the offspring of their offspring, maiming and taming, Chinggis Khan gave the following order: ‘While I take my meals you must talk about the killing and destruction of the Tang’ut and say, ‘Maimed and tamed, they are no more.’”   The Tangut Kingdom ceased to exist in August 1227, an escort for Chinggis Khan to the   afterlife. Temujin had entered the world clutching a blood clot in his fist, and Chinggis Khan left it with the blood of kingdoms on his hands. The Tangut people were scattered, their official records burned along with Zhongxing. It was not however a total genocide, as we know several Tangut cities surrendered without issue, with communities spread across China and the Mongol Empire. Tanguts would actually enjoy higher ranking than even Khitans and Jurchen under the Yuan Dynasty later in the century, as the Tangut were seen as less sinicized than them!       Chinggis Khan’s body was, according to contemporary accounts, returned to Mongolia beside an honour guard, buried most likely on mount Burkhan Khaldun, the mountain which had provided him shelter in his childhood and not far from his place of birth. The grave was kept small and hidden, trees supposedly planted to hide it, and the entire region placed under guard and forbidden to enter. Even today, the area is called the ikh Khorig, the great taboo, and only the most limited of non-intrusive scientific surveys have been undertaken in the area. There are of course other variations to the story, such as the caravan becoming stuck in the Ordos desert. In the Ordos during the Qing Dynasty a shrine was built to honour the Khan’s spirit, the cause of some misconception today that he was literally buried there. Other rumours mentioned the killing of every individual the funeral cortege came across. Human sacrifice is not mentioned with Chinggis’ immediate burial, but a few years later his son Ogedai sent 40 maidens for his father’s soul. Beyond that, we know almost nothing about the details: inference based off of what we know of the burials of later Khans are hard to apply to Chinggis, as these later burials had influence from sedentary cultures, though many Mongols Khans and notables would be buried on Burkhan Khaldun in the following two centuries.       So ends the life of Chinggis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, conqueror of much of Eurasia and flail of God. His death was met by sorrow among his people, cheers from peoples across Asia, and bated breath by the empire’s neighbours, waiting to see what would come next. Chinggis’ third son, Ogedai, was to succeed his father, inheriting a powerful, experienced and loyal army staffed by generals and officers who believed it was their destiny to ride over everything under the Eternal Blue Sky.    Once a young boy abandoned by his tribe, Chinggis had over time forged his people into a weapon, by the end of his life approaching the status of a demi-god among them. Today, Mongolians cherish him as the founder of their nation, and his reign was a turning point in Eurasian history. Kingdoms across the world were washed away by his armies, and an unprecedented era of Eurasia integration was to be ushered in his successors. Could Ogedai live up to Chinggis’ legacy, or would he be lost in the shadow of a man which could blot out the sun?  The continued expansion of the Mongol Empire is the topic of our next episodes, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast and to continue helping us bring you more outstanding content, please visit our patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are unable to help financially but still want us to support us, it would be highly appreciated if you can leave a positive review on Apple Podcasts to help us grow and bring you more Mongols. Thank you for listening, I am your host David and we will catch you on the next one!

Chen Qiushi and Fang Bin, documenters of coronavirus crisis in Communist China’s Wuhan, taken prisoner or much worse, by Communist Chinese regime. President Trump’s Secretary of State Mike Pompeo secures Islamist Taliban’ promise to reduce murder of US troops for seven days! Presidential Race 2020 – the various Democrat Presidential candidates champion “gun-control” as panacea to end mass-murders. Manhattan, NYC – Gang of women “of color” and gang of men “of color” attack two girls on their way home from school; 14-year-old girl facially maimed! Six-year-old girl kidnapped from her front yard in South Carolina in broad daylight, raped and murdered by a neighbor! 14-year-old arrested and charged for slaughter of 18-year-old Barnard College student Tessa Majors. New charges for R. Kelly pertaining to his decades-long serial rapes of minor-age girls.

Luke 14:12-24Jesus is here telling this parable, with someone [likely a Jew and fellow Messianic Jews in attendance] who are hosting him…What can we learn?The invitation has gone out; the banquet is ready!Q: What constitutes the banquet in our world?A: The banquet is what we’ve been invited to do (B.I.G., worship experience, Lord’s Supper, etc.)What makes us worthy?It’s NOT anything that we do; it’s the fact that we are valued by God. (“God is never impressed with your product, but He is deeply impressed with your heart.”) 1. Poor {+Spiritual Poverty; cf. Mt 5:3; 11:5 [ie. poor choices, lack of understanding, …]}2. Blind {+Spiritual Blindness; cf. 2 Cor 4:4 [ie. satan blinds cf. 2 Cor 4:4]}3. Maimed = (the Crippled {+Spiritual Crippled} and the Lame {+Spiritual Lame}); cf. Lev 22:22; Mt 18:8 [ie. attempting less than what our Lord desires.]Our Father reaches out to the outcast, downcast, oppressed – the unloved: the least, lost, lonely. We should also! None of us are worthy but we’re all invited!What makes us worthy… is the invitation!Why make excuses?Excuses seem easier than action, {but are they??? You have to do as much work keeping up a lie…}What excuses are you presenting to the Master or the servant(s) of the Master?If you can’t worship for a day – Sunday {Romans 12:1-2}; what makes you think you can do it for eternity?How important is this invitation to you?Illustration: Let’s just say, you were invited to dinner, all expenses paid, to Buckingham Palace and on the exact same day you were invited to a dinner at George’s house, which one would you choose??? Most would choose Buckingham Palace, I’d assume; you wouldn’t want to pass it up. Revelation: Christ has given an invitation! Everytime you put something in front of the invitation Christ has given to you, you are choosing the lesser option…George’s house.David puts it this way,Psalm 84:10 (NIV)“Better is one day in your courts than a thousand elsewhere; I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than dwell in the tents of the wicked.” Everything is truly going to hinge on how much you value the invitation that has been given to you.The invitation has gone out; the banquet is ready!

Maimed while seeking revenge, a girl becomes stronger than ever.

Well that was an eventful weekend! The Toronto Maple Leafs lost Mitch Marner for an extended period with an ankle injury, Michael Hutchinson got waived, they lost to both the Philadelphia Flyers and the Chicago Blackhawks, and Don Cherry finally said the thing that cost him his job. Other than that, not a lot going on! Jeeeez. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Well that was an eventful weekend! The Toronto Maple Leafs lost Mitch Marner for an extended period with an ankle injury, Michael Hutchinson got waived, they lost to both the Philadelphia Flyers and the Chicago Blackhawks, and Don Cherry finally said the thing that cost him his job. Other than that, not a lot going on! Jeeeez. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Please tune in on demand to a broadcast pertaining to heartache. Though provoking questions entail the following:   Are you over him or her as yet?  If so, what are the indicators?  Normia shares priceless counsel ijmparted by relationship and other experts versed in the game of love.     Link to Rori Raye's Website:     https://www.havetherelationshipyouwant.com/rori-raye.html   https://blog.havetherelationshipyouwant.com/if-he-keeps-going-back-to-his-ex-do-this/

Episode 102, featuring songs from Bad Religion, Harker, Acid Blood, Maimed for Life, Decent Criminal, Jerk, The Vandals, New York Dolls, Iron Maiden, and Motionless in White. We talk about some new Wiretap Records releases and continue our Metal picks to finish the show.

As Jacob prepares to face his brother Esau for the first time in 20 years, he is afraid for his life. Jacob goes before God in prayer; he is fearful and he is humbled by his unworthiness, but he believes that God will be faithful to him. As he seeks God's deliverance, Jacob is met by a "man" who wrestles with him throughout the night. The result is that Jacob is left with a lifelong injury.... and a life changing blessing. The challenge is clear, even for us today: Do we really want God's ultimate blessing in our life at any cost?

I chat with Navdeep Singh about his book "Maimed by the system" and his journey about his fight for the rights of disabled soldiers, military widows & kin. You can follow Navdeep's work here http://navdeep.info/about/ You can follow Navdeep on Twitter @SinghNavdeep You can follow me on Twitter @kushal_mehra

With the holidays looming large and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate tying up everyone's Switches, GameXplain/IGN alum Micah Seff helps us celebrate by talking about five iconic killer toys that come to life and try to murder people. (It makes sense in context, we swear.) We then switch gears to talk Smash, Ashen, Earth Defense Force 5, Hades, The Game Awards, your favorite obscure game-music tracks, and a whole lot of other stuff in a nearly three-hour megashow!

With the holidays looming large and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate tying up everyone’s Switches, GameXplain/IGN alum Micah Seff helps us celebrate by talking about five iconic killer toys that come to life and try to murder people. (It makes sense... Read more

  Occultae Veritatis Podcast Case #054: Roch Thériault and The Ant Hill Kids Roch Thériault was a Canadian cult leader who led the small religious group the Ant Hill Kids in Burnt River, Ontario Subscribe: https://linktr.ee/ovpodcast Music: White Sand and White Mud by Brad Proudlove Support the show on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/ovpod  

Much of the Western Front fighting in World War I took place in France, yet the cultural legacy of the war in France remains under-explored in the UK. This week, Juliet talks to Eric Robertson (Royal Holloway) and Peter Read (University of Kent) about how the experience of the war affected the Cubist and Surrealist movements and the development of French film, pushing some artists towards traditionalism, and others towards the avant-garde. SELECTED REFERENCES L’Affaire Dreyfus (dir. Georges Méliès, 1899) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_fbOIgvYsY NORMAN ANGELL, The Great Illusion (1909) GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE, Calligrammes (1918) - https://ubutext.memoryoftheworld.org/Apollinaire_Calligrams.pdf GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE, ‘Ocean of Earth’ - https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/58343/ocean-of-earth Louis Aragon - https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/louis-aragon Jean (Hans) Arp Antonin Artaud - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Artaud Hugo Ball HENRI BARBUSSE, Le Feu (1917) - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/13/barbusse-feu-under-fire Maurice Barrès - http://www.dreyfus.culture.fr/en/bio/bio-html-maurice-barres.htm Charles Baudelaire The Birth of a Nation (dir. D. W. Griffith, 1915) Georges Braque André Breton - http://www.surrealists.co.uk/breton.php Cabiria (dir. Giovanni Pastrone, 1914) BLAISE CENDRARS, J’ai tué (I Have Killed, 1918) - https://literaryabsolute.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/3-0e28093bc-i_killed.pdf Salvador Dalí Sonia Delaunay André Derain Robert Desnos - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Desnos Sergei Diaghilev Roland Dorgelès - https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/dorgeles_roland Georges Duhamel - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Duhamel Paul Éluard - https://www.shmoop.com/surrealism/paul-eluard-author.html David Gascoyne (Surrealist poet) La Grande Illusion (dir. Jean Renoir, 1937) - https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/greatest-films-all-time/great-escape-la-grande-illusion Joris-Karl Huysmans Auguste & Louis Lumière J’Accuse (dir. Abel Gance, 1919) - http://sensesofcinema.com/2009/dvd/abel-gance-jaccuse-la-roue/ Max Jacob Jean Jaurès Fernand Léger - http://roadstothegreatwar-ww1.blogspot.com/2014/06/war-artist-fernand-leger.html René Magritte Stéphane Mallarmé Napoléon (dir. Abel Gance, 1927) - https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/napoleon-highlights-abel-gance-silent-film Ron Padgett Parade (ballet, 1917) - http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/the-1917-ballet-parade-created-by-erik-satie-pablo-picasso-jean-cocteau.html BENJAMIN PÉRET, ‘Little Song of the Maimed’ - https://movehimintothesun.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/little-song-of-the-maimed-benjamin-peret/ Pablo Picasso Arthur Rimbaud René Schickele - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Schickele Gino Severini - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gino_Severini GEORGES SOREL, The Illusion of Progress (1908) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Sorel Philippe Soupault - https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/a-beautiful-space-that-slips-away-philippe-soupault-and-the-french-avant-garde/ Tristan Tzara - http://www.dramainthehood.net/2013/08/the-gas-heart/ PAUL VALÉRY, La Jeune Parque (1917) - https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/251734/paul-valery-and-the-last-centennial-of-1917 Verdun: Visions d’histoire (dir. Léon Poirier, 1928) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDC1Z8Pj0e8 Die Weißen Blätter (German journal) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Weißen_Blätter JAY WINTER, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (1995) - https://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/25 Wooden Crosses (dir. Raymond Bernard, 1932) - https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/26/philip-french-classic-dvd-wooden-crosses-raymond-bernard ÉMILE ZOLA, Germinal (1885) and J’Accuse (1898) - https://www.marxists.org/archive/zola/1898/jaccuse.htm

Air Date: 4/30/96

Whereas most toys bring about delight and cherished memories, this episode focuses specifically on the toys that brought pain, injury and even death. Fight back the tears and let us know the toy that most maimed you! DOWNLOAD This show... Read more

In his new book Theater of the Maimed: Fictional Characters between Deformation und Destruction in Theatrical Works of the Twentieth and early Twenty-First Centuries (Knigshausen and Neumann, 2015) (Theater der Versehrten: Kunstfiguren zwischen Deformation und Destruktion in Theatertexten des 20. und fruhen 21. Jahrhunderts), Till Nitschmann, a postdoc at the Leibniz University of Hannover, analyzes key German theatrical texts. By finding recurring themes in diverse texts, he develops a model classifying “maimed theater” works. Within the plays of Ernst Toller, Bertolt Brecht, Friedrich Durrenmatt, Peter Weiss, Thomas Bernhard, Heiner Muller, Dea Loher and others he identifies issues concerning animals, machines, war, money and property, laughing, and exclusion, as well as relationship and sexuality. All in all, Till Nitschmann thus highlights the importance of the “maiming” within cultural discourses of the twentieth and early twenty-first-centuries.       Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new book Theater of the Maimed: Fictional Characters between Deformation und Destruction in Theatrical Works of the Twentieth and early Twenty-First Centuries (Knigshausen and Neumann, 2015) (Theater der Versehrten: Kunstfiguren zwischen Deformation und Destruktion in Theatertexten des 20. und fruhen 21. Jahrhunderts), Till Nitschmann, a postdoc at the Leibniz University of Hannover, analyzes key German theatrical texts. By finding recurring themes in diverse texts, he develops a model classifying “maimed theater” works. Within the plays of Ernst Toller, Bertolt Brecht, Friedrich Durrenmatt, Peter Weiss, Thomas Bernhard, Heiner Muller, Dea Loher and others he identifies issues concerning animals, machines, war, money and property, laughing, and exclusion, as well as relationship and sexuality. All in all, Till Nitschmann thus highlights the importance of the “maiming” within cultural discourses of the twentieth and early twenty-first-centuries.       Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new book Theater of the Maimed: Fictional Characters between Deformation und Destruction in Theatrical Works of the Twentieth and early Twenty-First Centuries (Knigshausen and Neumann, 2015) (Theater der Versehrten: Kunstfiguren zwischen Deformation und Destruktion in Theatertexten des 20. und fruhen 21. Jahrhunderts), Till Nitschmann, a postdoc at the Leibniz University of Hannover, analyzes key German theatrical texts. By finding recurring themes in diverse texts, he develops a model classifying “maimed theater” works. Within the plays of Ernst Toller, Bertolt Brecht, Friedrich Durrenmatt, Peter Weiss, Thomas Bernhard, Heiner Muller, Dea Loher and others he identifies issues concerning animals, machines, war, money and property, laughing, and exclusion, as well as relationship and sexuality. All in all, Till Nitschmann thus highlights the importance of the “maiming” within cultural discourses of the twentieth and early twenty-first-centuries.       Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Courts reporter Elizabeth Zavala discusses the recent trial for a dog attack that maimed a San Antonio senior in March of 2017.

Case #5: Agent Orange; The herbicide that devastated millions   Agent Orange is an herbicide and defoliant chemical, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides. It is widely known for its use by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. It is a mixture of equal parts of two herbicides, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. In addition to its damaging environmental effects, the chemical has caused major health problems for many individuals who were exposed.   Palet Cleanser: Lines along the River by Moonflow Aftershow: Results of our pick an episode contest!   Complimentary Brain Bleach: http://www.eyebleach.me/ Stupid link of the episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRj34o4hN4I     Support us on patreon: www.patreon.com/ovpod Visit us: www.ovpod.ca 18 – Nov– 17   Tags: Podcast, Podcasting, Creepy, True Crime, Mysteries, Killers, Murder, History, Curiosities

The acclaimed cultural critic and author of "After Nature" set off to explore the uncharted depths of the Anthropocene. But he found Thoreau there waiting for him. The post Politics for a Maimed World: A Conversation with Jedediah Purdy appeared first on Edge Effects.

Whatever you’re facing, let wounded war veteran Clebe McClary’s story remind you that God is all you need.

Lightning strikes in this episode of Reboot Review, which recaps Legion of Super-Heroes #73 & Legionnaires #30, spotlighting (ex)Legionnaire, Live Wire!  Plus, a subplot involving the reintroduction of a very important & Valor-ous Legion character EXPLODES!Download this episode HERE!Scroll down to see some images from these issues, and be sure to check out previous Reboot Reviews on iTunes.  Also, I'm the Gun in now available on Google Play!Interested in talking more Legion?  Email me at: imthegun@gmail.com, or hit me up on Twitter: @marksweeneyjrThanks for listening! Theme created using a sample of 'Shotgun' by Duran DuranA mega-moment for Triad'Lightning Lord' springs his little bro' from the slammerMaimed by MektWonder Twins power activate!Next stop - the 20th century!

  Enter Life Maimed Cutting Off Your Own Hand September 27, 2015 Mark 9:38-50 The Reverend Thomas McKenzie Pastor Church of the Redeemer (Anglican) Nashville, TN www.RedeemerNashville.net

--{ Sanity Maimed by Being Entertained: "Exposure Inside Entertainment Industry, "Culture Creators" Named in Pederasty, Plus "Touching Up" Female Staff, Brushing it Off as "A Joke and a Laugh", Young Actors Offered Booze, Drugs at BBC, By Producers and Actors Giggling with Glee, You Wonder why Society is Just Done For, You See the Pervs got Permission to Wage War, To Bring in the New, Destroy the Old, A Culture Strong Simply can't Be Sold, Seeds of Destruction, Unless it's Insidious, Takes Generations to Bring in the Hideous, We're Well Beyond Pure Lamentation, New Normal is Run by Contamination" © Alan Watt }-- German Development Bank and United Nations Program for Depopulation in Yemen - Russia Slams Rainbow Coalition Symbol - Radical Feminists, Assault on Catholics in Argentina - Pedophiles in Entertainment Industry - Cultural War - "Role Models" given for the Public to Worship - Insurrection in EU - The Election and America's Shrinking Attention Span - Banking Protest Mural - China Taking over Role of U.S. - Co-Operative Game Theory and Economics - Generals for Hire - Revolving Door between Government and Corporations - Fees for Internet Use - Met Office Releases Report on Global Cooling - U.K. Virtual Courts Approved. (See http://www.cuttingthroughthematrix.com for article links.) *Title/Poem and Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - Oct. 15, 2012 (Exempting Music, Literary Quotes, and Callers' Comments)

--{ Clockwork Orange is Old Science-Fiction, Masters for Sadomasochism Have Predilection: "I Think We've Left Clockwork Orange Behind, Daily Skipping Through News You Will Find Behaviour Modification is Used On Us All, Mandated by an Elite with Lots of Gall, Each Generation is Perfectly Trained, Conditioned so Their Instincts are Maimed, Psychological Technique Applied Subtly, Informal, Allows Children in Hell to Think Things are Normal, Are Tyrants Winning? Look and You'll Find, War's Almost Over, The One On the Mind" © Alan Watt }-- World War I and II, Nations Not Quite Ready to Give up Sovereignty - International Monetary Fund - Communitarianism, UK Localism Bill, Appointed "Community" Leaders - Video Games to Desensitize to Killing - Students Trained into Constant Surveillance, Searches, Tyranny - Use of War to Change Society - Behaviour Modification - Sadomasochistic School System - Mass Immigration, Geopolitical Strategy. GM Food Pushed on the Public---Politicians Won't Eat it - FDA Admits Chicken Sold containing Arsenic - Contaminated Food Supply, Fluoridation, Authorized Food Terrorism - GMOs and Bowel Cancer - Effects of Bisphenol-A on Males - Hedge Funds Grabbing Land in Africa - Coming (Created) Food Shortage - Diplomatic Immunity - Founder of Electro-Shock Autism "Treatment" Forced to Quit. (See http://www.cuttingthroughthematrix.com for article links.) *Title/Poem and Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - June 10, 2011 (Exempting Music, Literary Quotes, and Callers' Comments)

Looking at the civil war that broke out in Sierra Leone in the nineties and the issues surrounding it.

Transcript -- Looking at the civil war that broke out in Sierra Leone in the nineties and the issues surrounding it.

Looking at the civil war that broke out in Sierra Leone in the nineties and the issues surrounding it.

Transcript -- Looking at the civil war that broke out in Sierra Leone in the nineties and the issues surrounding it.

From the recent release and the end was not also a beginning. Download the full release, free, from JustNotNormal:http://justnotnormal.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/jnn024-petal-and-the-end-was-also-not-a-beginning/The Maimed King

VTV - Hack - Mental-Escher.Net - A special news bulletin from the Pluri Media Group dark fiber feed. My name is john mccain. I am a cyborg! During the war, in prison camp, I was badly wounded. Maimed. When I returned to the states, the military fixed me. They made me better. I think? Data integrity check. We use Japanese cybor netics. Top quality.

In this episode of Bloody Angola: A Podcast by Woody Overton and Jim Chapman you are brought back to the 50's as Woody and Jim cover some of the more infamous stories regarding Louisiana State Penitentiary as told through the pages of the Angolite Prison Newspaper.#TheAngolite #1954throughtheinmateseyes #bloodyangolapodcast #convictGET 50% OFF PLUS FREE SHIPPING AT HELLOFRESH!HelloFresh delivers step-by-step recipes and fresh, pre-portioned ingredients right to your door. First, you set your meal plan preferences with options for carnivores, vegetarians, calorie-counters, and more. You'll choose from 30+ delicious weekly recipes carefully put together by the amazing chefs!Click Here to Take advantage of 16 FREE MEALS and FREE SHIPPING!www.Hellofresh.com/BloodyAngola501954 THROUGH AN INMATES EYES: Bloody Angola Podcast TranscriptJim: Hey everyone and welcome back to Bloody-Woody: -Angola.Jim: A podcast 142 years in the making.Woody: The Complete Story of America's Bloodiest Prison.Jim: And I'm Jim Chapman. Woody: And I'm Woody Overton.Jim: And we got some Angolites.Woody: Right? I love these stories, man. True, true history from the past. Before we get started, we want to say our thoughts and prayers are with all our people in Florida and Georgia that are getting slammed right now, or got slammed yesterday and came ashore as a Category 3.Jim: And continue to get slammed. Woody: And it's just bad. And they said they haven't seen a storm like that in 125 years. So, just prayers for them. I guess you call it Idalia, I-D-A-L-I-A. It's just bad, prayer for them. We know what they're going through.Jim: Yeah, we've been through a few of those ourselves. So, our hearts and prayers and thoughts are with those folks and the road to recovery. You will recover. It'll seem like you won't, but you'll come back. Look, we've done a lot of historical podcasts with relation to the Angolite, the prison weekly paper that Angola has put out for so many years. This is an award-winning paper all over the world.Woody: And actually turned into a magazine because I had a subscription to it back in the 90s. Jim: Absolutely. Some of the stories from back in the day, y'all, you just won't believe until we read them. We've had a lot of people ask for us to do another one. Got a lot of messages. So, we're bringing you another one today because we got our hands on a lot of them from the 50s and 60s. So, we kind of cherry pick what we feel like are the best stories out of those magazines, and we go over those with y'all. And I'll start it off. And this is an Angolite from April 21st, 1956. Woody: Wow.Jim: Yeah. That was a heck of a time in America, and even in Angola, as you're about to hear. Woody: Definitely Bloody Angola, man. Jim: Yes, for sure. And as a matter of fact, we're going to start off with a bloody story at Bloody Angola, and it was a headline. It said, "Two Dead, One Hurt. Tragedy trip hammered a triple blow at Angola last weekend, leaving two inmates dead and another maimed for life." It says one of the two dead suffered fatal injuries in an accident. The second died of a heart attack. Maimed with his right hand amputated at the wrist was a third.Woody: Wow. Jim: The dead Charles D. Clarkson, 24, of Caddo Parish. He had fallen under the wheels of a tractor last Friday. A broken rib punctured his lung. He died enroute to Charity Hospital, New Orleans. Lawrence Virgil Turley, 55, a carpenter, died Sunday afternoon at the General Hospital of a heart attack. Injured only a half hour after he had been assigned to work on the Mammoth Press at the Tag plant, Venice Landry, 20, had his right hand mangled under the giant bolster ram. Woody: Wow. Jim: Which is the thing, y'all, that stamps it. Woody: Slams.Jim: Yeah, slams that steel and stamps those plates. His hand was amputated at General Hospital Saturday. Pretty, pretty wild stuff going on at Angola. And look, these days, they don't give you those reports. Typically, you really got to dig for them.Woody: The General Hospital really wasn't a hospital. That's when the nurse, the angel-- they call her angel, was there, there was no doctor and all that. It's crazy, right? Jim: That's right. Woody: And the language they use in these, y'all, is really comical. Jim: And you've got to remember, this was a different time. So, you'll hear things like colored and whites. Woody: It's their words, not ours. Jim: That's right. Woody: All right, so the next one says, "Two Fail in Brief Freedom. Wallace McDonald and Norman Stroupe are in a tight, locked cells today following a brief bid for liberty Tuesday night. Security officials said the two took off from the transportation department in Downtown Angola-" That's funny. "In Downtown Angola Tuesday about noon. They were recaptured within a six-hour period by local authorities, both formerly bedded down at Camp H2," the report said. Jim: [laughs] Woody: Kind of brief on that. Jim: Yeah. Basically, they turned a jet-- and that's what I really like about these, is they do tell you about the escapes and stuff. I mean, they don't hold back.Woody: Downtown Angola.Jim: Yeah. [chuckles] Well, how about this one? "Cleaver in an attack tried," says, "John Newton, a new prison kitchen worker, was jailed Monday on a charge of felonious assault with a meat cleaver." Yes, sir. "Newton is said to have sliced Albert Johnson upside his head following an argument. Johnson was hospitalized with lacerations." Woody: Jeez Louise.Jim: Yeah. So, Mr. Johnson got a--Woody: Meat cleaver to the head. Jim: You don't attack people with meat cleavers.Woody: Bloody Angola for sure. Jim: That's right. Woody: So crazy. And then this next one, y'all says, "Heavy equipment acts to rush free houses. Using earth from the miles long embankment of the old Louisiana and Arkansas right of way, the LSP Heavy Equipment department-" That's funny. "Under Superintendent Dennis Johnson was last week engaged in an all-out operation to fill a five-acre plot of ground for the construction of 21 new free personnel houses. The plot is located on the B-Line at the foot of the old receiving station hill. It is to be filled to a depth of 36 inches. Johnson says he expects his department will wind up with the earth fill operation within two weeks. Construction houses will then start, he said." It's funny. They're talking about building part of the B-Line, another 21 houses added.Jim: Yeah. So, this is back, y'all, for those that may just be joining us, the B-Line is where all the free people live. Woody: Inside the wire. Jim: Inside the wire. And this was during the construction of that way back in 1956.Woody: And my mama lived there during that time.Jim: And we'll go on to another page of this one. And there's an article, it says, "More crippled birds. A second group of crippled pelicans, each with the wings broke by hail in the recent storm, were sighted last Sunday by deck passengers on the Angola ferry. The birds have roosted on the log a few feet from the shore and near the middle of the ferry landing. Observers said the wings will heal in time and that it is no rescue operation."Woody: That's crazy. Jim: And the reason we included that one is, it's interesting that they try to keep you up to date with what's going on the outside. And the only way they know that is to look out those bars in that wire and actually see it. A little story on pelicans. Who knew hail could injure their wings? Woody: The news of the day, right? Jim: Yeah. Woody: All right. This one says, "O, let us spray. An old-fashioned mattress spraying bee was held at Camp E last Monday, under the eagle eye of the unit captain, A. Couvillon. The action was aimed at eliminating any wandering insects who had hoped to make the unit their dwelling place this summer." [laughter] Woody: It's spraying for bedbugs, basically.Jim: Yeah.Woody: That's funny.Jim: And something that you had to do up in Angola for sure. Woody: It had to be really bad for them to do it for the convicts. Jim: That's right. And then, we'll continue on. And there's one that says, "Falls upstairs, breaks his jaw." Woody: Uh-oh.Jim: That's right. "Joseph Tornabene, Camp H-1 juvenile, fell upstairs one day last week and broke his jaw in three places."Woody: I bet that didn't happen. Jim: [laughs] "The adolescent was returning to his bunk after a shower, according to the story told to the hospital. He was taken to Charity Hospital in New Orleans for treatment." So, they're basically trying to say-- Woody: They beat his ass.Jim: [laughs] Broke his jaw--[crosstalk]  Woody: "You better tell them you fell up the stairs, boy."Jim: Yeah, that's it. Woody: That's funny. Jim: Broke his jaw in three places from a slip. That was one that I really thought painted a picture of the times in prison. Woody: Funny. I think that's when they had the convict guards too. All right, so here we go. The title of this is "Pocketed Razor Draws Jail Time." Says, "He told arresting officers he was just going to shave, but they didn't believe him. He is James B. Shivers of the STU, and he was caught with a straight razor. The board assessed a term on bread and duck because they said only blades for a razor are lawful."Jim: [laughs] [crosstalk] Jesus Christ. And when they caught him, he said, "Well, I was just using it to shave." Woody: "Yeah, I was just using it to shave." Jim: "What's wrong with that?" All right, how about this one? "Fresh fish leave sheltered cloister as labor beckons. 34 fish, until recently swimming unfettered in the administration unit tank-" And, y'all, when they refer to fish, they're talking about new prisoners. "-At the General Hospital have been screened, tested, probed, and activated by members of the classifications board at a recent session. Purpose of the session was to ascertain whether the fish can earn his bed and board. A few whose records indicated they were unlikely to run were made trustys on the spot. Others who must wait and further test went on jobs under the gun. [crosstalk] 18 of the fish are today assigned to the Angola Cane Corn and Cotton Company as field laborers."[laughter] Jim: "In the number were those who will live at Camp A, H and H-2. Culinary work attracted three men, a clerkship and garage work for a third and a welding for a fourth." So, they were classifying them into jobs. And of all those people, 34 fish, only three were made trustys. So, that tells you most of them, they were like, "Eh, you're going to run--[crosstalk]"  Woody: Those three had probably been there before, and then the ones under the gun, that's the shittiest job in the world. Can you imagine, like this summer, when it's 105 and then 116 with a heat index out there all day long, swinging a hoe? That's crazy.Jim: Yeah, that's insane.Woody: But they did something to get there.Jim: That's right. Woody: This one says, "Brown bags chops. John Hunt told the man he was hungry, and he had purloined the poke chops-", and they spell it P-O-K-E, y'all, "-for a midnight snack. The man sighed and put his pencil in notebook and told John, 'Put them back.' But on going through the gate again, the same suspicious bulge was evident." Jim: [laughs] Woody: Right. "Searched for chops, were confiscated, as was also Hunt's trusty pass from Pine Ford dormitory, his mail is now being sent to the local jail."Jim: Which means lockdown, basically. Woody: That's funny. Jim: They locked his ass down. Woody: Extra poke chops out the kitchen.Jim: Poke chops. Woody: Poke chops. Jim: Yeah. So that was from that one, and we're going to do another one here from August 11, 1956. And there's a headline on there. It says, "Angola's Informal Hot Seat. Someone at Angola that I'm not going to name, that I neither know nor care was almost burned to a cinder one day last week."Woody: Uh-oh.Jim: Oh, this guy must have been mad at him. "It seems that this 'worker' presumably was doing a little digging under the steel plate that separates the medium from the trusty compounds, which is located beneath the walkway directly below the snitch box at the medium security gate." So, this dude was digging a hole--[crosstalk] Woody: He wanted to get out. Jim: "He quit in a hurry-" it gets better, "-when a bolt of sizzling lightning momentarily blinded him and luckily did not fry his hide. His shovel had cut through one of nine cables, each of which was live with 2300 volts of crackling death."Woody: What? Jim: Yes, sir. "The soil around the cable was burned to charcoal, and if the lucky bum had come into contact with that current in that cable, they'd have been buried right there where they found him."Woody: Wow. Jim: "Take this information for what it's worth and continue grave digging. The Angolite or dig your own grave, literally, with the assurance that the Angolite will make your name famous throughout the state. It's up to you."Woody: That's funny. Jim: [laughs] That guy was [unintelligible [00:15:55] trying to escape. Woody: [crosstalk] -dig out and dug into the cable lines. [crosstalk] -signs you see, "Don't dig here." They didn't have those back then. Crazy. All right, here we go, Bloody Angola. So, this one's called "Dumbbell Opens Passoit's Scalp." Jim: Uh-oh. [laughs] Woody: "Veral Passoit, was removed from the cell block to the hospital, August 8th, with a head wound. Veral, who was removed from the cell block area, August 8th, with a head wound, which he claimed to have suffered when a weight he was lifting fell on his noggin. Hospital records show that he is getting along very nicely despite the 15 or 18 sutures required to close the clean tight wound."Jim: Somebody hit him with a dumbbell. [laughs] Woody: Hit him with a knife. Dumbbell wouldn't leave a clean, open wound, it'd be smashed. Jim: Yeah. Woody: But they weren't going to rat on each other.Jim: Mm-hmm. Woody: [crosstalk] -take your lick.Jim: And y'all imagine this, now this is the 50s. These guys, there is no TV and all that. I mean, this is the only entertainment you get, and the only way you can keep up with what's going on in prison as an inmate. Woody: It was a huge prison, right? Jim: Yes. So, we'll move on. This is February 21st, 1959 edition. And the headline says, "New Prices at the Camp Store." And I really enjoyed this one because I'm going to give you actual prices, but it says, "Mr. James Thornton, Chief Administrative Officer, announced new price levels for many items at the camp store this week. And we have printed the price list on page 6." So, when you go to page six, I just highlighted some of these, and I'm going to read off to you that I found interesting. So, back in 1959, if you needed some Alka Seltzer, it was going to cost you 28 cents. Woody: Really? Jim: 28 cents. Cheez-It's, 10 cents. Woody: I can't believe they still had Cheez-It back then. Jim: Yeah. No, it surprised me. Cigarettes. You want some king size cigarettes? It's going to cost you 30 cents. Woody: What? Jim: So, if you want some kings and then some regulars, 29 cents. Woody: Yeah, but that was their currency back then. That's what they paid each other with. Jim: That's right. Community coffee, 40 cents. Woody: Community coffee, way back then. Jim: Way back then, and it was instant. Noxzema, 19 cents. Woody: I was using Noxzema in prison. Jim: [laughs] That's a great-- Look, they got nail clippers for 20 cents. Woody: Keep yourself properly clean. Jim: That's it. Potato chips, 5 cents. Woody: Really? Jim: Yeah. Shampoo, White Rain brand. Who knew that was around then? 41 cents. Rolling tobacco, 12 cents. Woody: Wow. That's a big deal in prison too, when I used to be there and they still had cigarettes, you could tell who was a really poor convict because they had the Bugler in the can or that blue can. The Bugler was a yellow, red, white, blue, and the other one was just a light blue can. But they were the ones that couldn't afford the Camels or the Marlboros or whatever and had to roll their own cigarettes. And the ones who couldn't afford any of those, when the other ones would throw their butts out, they'd go pick up the butts and smoke the butts. Jim: Oh, come on. Ugh. Toothpaste, everybody's got to have toothpaste. Well, it cost you 12 cents for Colgate. Woody: Wow. It's cheap.Jim: Yeah. Vicks salve, 35 cents. And they had Vaseline hair oil back then. That was 14 cents. So, I'm going to take this and I'm going to post it on the Patreon.Woody: Yeah, because there's a lot of stuff. Jim: Yeah, it's a lot of stuff, but pretty cool to go through. They got pork skins on here. They got all kinds of stuff. Liver pills. Woody: Liver pills. [chuckles] Jim: What they call hives, which are like crackers back then. So, we'll post that on there so you patron members can look through it and really have some fun.Woody: Yeah, that's funny. Jim: Checking that out. And we'll go to September 10th, 1955. Woody is going to start us off on that one. Woody: All right. So, September 1955. "Airport here averages plane per day. Attendance at the Angola airport were a shade busy last week. Logged in and out were three planes." They were real busy, huh? "Monday, the Paul A. Lambert Cessna arrived and departed. Tuesday the Jas F. O'Neill craft. And Wednesday, a Red two plane bearing number N970246." Jim: Oh, my God, they even knew the tag number.Woody: [chuckles] I know my mom when she was on the parole board, they used to fly them around the state because more cost efficient and quicker to get them there and stuff. But I can't believe they had it back in the 50s.Jim: Yeah, planes have been around a while. They were flying them in World War II and all.Woody: Yeah, but not passenger planes. Jim: Yeah.Woody: I mean some, but I guess it was probably military surplus. Jim: Yeah. "One on the lam still running," it says. "Police in four states--" and I'm going to look up this case, y'all, because I was like, wow, this would be a good one to cover. "Police in four states are today looking for Ray Coughron, 28, a 15-year termer, formerly domiciled at Camp H-2. Donning a correctional officer's uniform, Coughron quietly slipped out of the yard gate last Sunday. Bloodhounds failed to pick up his trail." Woody: He must have somebody waiting on him. Jim: Well, they have to have checked out [crosstalk] never heard of that.Woody: I mean, he had a CO uniform and then he got out. And if the Angola Chase team couldn't get on him? He's gone. Jim: Yeah. And he did. Woody: If I was going to run, you--[crosstalk] Jim: He got correctional officer's uniform. Must have worked in a laundry or something. Woody: If I was going to run or you were going to run, you'd have somebody waiting on you, right? Jim: Yeah. Woody: I wouldn't be running those hills or trying to swim the river. Jim: And I guarantee, y'all, one difference because I've read a lot of these Angolites between then and now is they don't post escapes in the Angolite anymore. They don't want any other prisoners reading that.Woody: It's kind of like the mass shootings nowadays. We don't say the shooter's name. Like the one that just did it in Dollar Store, he copied the one in the same city five years before and mentioned it in his manifesto. Jim: That's right. Woody: But anyway. All right, so let's go to September 10th, 1955. That's 73 years ago, y'all, next week or the week after, says, "New laundry washes for all. For the first time in the history of the Louisiana State Penitentiary, a centrally located laundry is now handling washing and ironing for the entire institution."Jim: Oh.Woody: Right. "Today, wheels are rolling at the new prison and a crew of 15 men is daily turning out clean sheets, towels, pants, shirts, and personal linen of male inmates at all camps. The work formally had been done in part at the women's unit. The other part at individual camps. Set up in preparation for the time when all male inmates are housed at the new prison. The laundry, under the managership of Captain Bill Kerr, is currently turning out 1100 pounds of dry wash hourly. With the mangle of four ironing sheets, the plant will later on press pants and shirts. 'Ten pressing units have been ordered and are to be installed,' Captain Kerr said. A schedule has been worked out to handle washing five days per week. Saturday is general cleanup day for the plant. The plant at the woman's camp now handles only free personnel laundry." [laughter] Woody: They want to mix them up. That's your job. Another one building, they didn't have AC and they turned out 1100 pounds. Jim: Oh, yeah. Woody: It's crazy. Jim: And it's interesting that back then, 1955 is when they started just finally having this main laundry facility for the--[crosstalk] Woody: One thing they don't mention in there is underwear. So, when you get in, they give you prison-issued underwear. But when you do send your stuff into the laundry, most inmates keep their underwear and have their bitch wash them. That's why I say you'll be tossing salads and washing dirty drawers. They'll actually rent out their bitch to wash people's dirty underwear in their sinks. And they hand scrub them with soap and wash them and they hang them and make them fresh for whomever for like a couple of cigarettes. Jim: Wow. There you go, straight from the wolf, right there. "Prison guard post reaching skyward," this one says. "Those new two-story steel skeletons you see poking skyward with the yellow-painted girders are indications it won't be long. They're the structural steel columns for the new guard towers at the new prison. Each will be complete with glassed-in cupola and searchlight." Woody: And they're still there today. Jim: And they're still there today. Yeah. They made them to last back in those days, but built those new guard towers way back then. Woody: Yeah. The funny thing about those is when you go up in them, the outside doors lock, but they're manned 24/7, never take off. I've worked them before. You go in, they actually sit on the outside of the fence. So, inmates can't get to that door. So, you have to go to the door and holler up at the guard, the CO, and they lower you a key down and you unlock it and it's on a string. They pull it back up and you go in and you lock it from the inside. And it's got a spiral staircase. You come through, like a trap door, and it's a round room. That's where your rifle and your shotgun is and your lights and stuff like that. Jim: Yeah.Woody: It's pretty cool. Jim: Awesome. Woody: And then a telephone. That's the only other thing you have. You might have a radio, but pretty interesting. All right, so let's go to, again, on September 10th, 1955, says, "Free Ferry soon to open at St. Francisville. According to the Plainsman of Zachary-" That's the plainsman. It is the Zachary newspaper. "According to the Plainsman of Zachary, named The Feliciana, the vessel costs $200,000 and it may take a load off the Angola ferry. Visitors may enter via the front gate." Jim: Interesting. Woody: I have to ask my mom about that one because it didn't run for long.Jim: Yeah. Woody: Now, they have the ferry that still to this day that runs across into-- I think it might be [unintelligible 00:28:20]. It runs across the river and a lot of free people live over there. Or they'll drive into that ferry and the ferry drives them across and they come in. But this one would-- imagine how many COs lived in St. Francisville, which is back then, you had to take that long ass, hour-long road out, then get to St. Francisville another 10 or 15 minutes, I guess, they just ran them right up the river about a 15-minute ride. Jim: Yeah. Back then you had to have a ferry to go across that. Woody: Yeah. There's no bridges. You're right. Jim: Continuing on. This one is hilarious, y'all. It says, "Voodoo-Hoodoo. You've seen those copper wire amulets and necklaces of beans and so on. Voodoo stuff, maybe. Anyway, Edward Harris of Camp A walked up to the man last week and said people were after him. He didn't elaborate whether he had been hexed or just plain conjured. They locked him up lightly in the sneezer until the bug doctor examines his head." [laughter] Woody: We'll call it [unintelligible 00:29:33] of a mental case. The man said, "They're after him, so lock him up." Jim: The funny thing is with that particular deal is this guy's exposing him to the whole prison. Woody: Yeah. Jim: So, these guys, look, they gossip worse than anybody you've ever seen, and they're all nosy. Woody: They've got nothing else to do. Jim: That's right. Woody: Basically, he went to the man and ratted himself out. Crazy. Put him in the sneezer.Jim: Sneezer. Woody: "Ex-guard hurt in camp fracas. Frank Peoples, who until last Saturday was a guard was busted back to trusty-ship that day." So, that means he was an inmate guard. Jim: Yeah. Woody: "The following morning, he was rushed to the General Hospital suffering with a knotted head."[laughter] Woody: "He's resting well on the colored ward today." Think about this, the prison guards and we talked about that was a way for them to save money and everything back then, but at nighttime, they might have had one CO per camp, in nighttime, they just locked them in. And the prison guards in there were like gods. And you can get one taken out, he got demoted, and he got his ass beat that night. Jim: [laughs] Love that. And we got a couple on this page, and they're short, so I'm going to read a couple. I'll let Woody read a couple. The first says, "Bathing to be enforced." Yes. "Beware your long-eared scouts and men of wrath who nothing fear except a bath. White dormitory at the new prison were all set to give one of their number a dunking last week on account that he hadn't put the showers to use since he entered the joint, which is a violations of the rules, besides." [chuckles] So that was a little short one. Woody: Even most of the convicts don't like a stinky ass. Jim: That's right. Woody: You get some people in there, not only have they not ever followed the rules in civilization, but they don't have any personal hygiene. So, I think what they're probably saying is the inmates drug them in there [crosstalk] ass down. Jim: That's exactly what they did. Gave him a GI shower. [laughs] Woody: [crosstalk] -stinky motherfucker.Jim: They basically forced his ass take a bath. He must have been stinking. Imagine you're working out in those fields all day. Oh, my God.Woody: Nasty. No deodorant and everything else. Jim: You would think you'd want to take one. But anyhoo, "Localite knifed in camp affray. Henry Davis at Camp F underwent a ham stitching at the emergency ward of the General Hospital one day last week. Henny ran afoul of a knife in the hands of an unidentified assailant." Woody: [crosstalk] -he's unidentified. Jim: [laughs] Woody: He ran afoul of him. Jim: Yeah. Woody: That's crazy. Jim: Yeah. I love the way they wrote back then. Woody: I love it. Jim: It's a totally different dialect. Woody: Nobody was ratting anybody out. They just did. Jim: Yeah. Unidentified, I'm sure. Woody: And again, this is still September 10th, 1955, and says, "Cuts out early, ends in jail. He was trying to get to camp early for dinner, Calvin Mitchell, a camp aid trusty, told officials last week. Cutting grass with a crew, Mitchell was missed at a field count. A chase ensued and the lad was found wondering. They put him in the hole, pending DB action." The disciplinary board, y'all. Crazy.Jim: Yeah. Basically, he tried to say, "I was just hungry, going early to eat." Woody: [crosstalk] -get that meal. Jim: [laughs] Wandering.Woody: The next one. "Pipe used in knotting spree. When Warren Guidry of Camp of F uses a pipe, he uses a big one. One and a half inches. One day last week, he wielded it with painful and telling effect upon the noggin of Manson Powell, authorities said. Guidry is awaiting the outcome of a trial. Powell is awaiting the taking off of bandages." [laughter] Woody: That's funniest shit.Jim: That's crazy.Woody: It's like every day, this one's getting knifed, this one's getting hit.Jim: I'm telling you--  Woody: In the noggin. Jim: Yes, the noggin. And look, we're going to go way back to 1954, November 27th. And the headline on this one really struck my interest. It says, "34 shot in rabies try-out." Woody: What? Jim: Yeah. Now, y'all got to remember there was a time there was no rabies shot. You got rabies, you just went nuts or whatever. And a lot of times when they would get these shots, they would try them out on like inmates.Woody: New medical procedures. Jim: Yeah. They would be the guinea pig. Woody: Drug companies come in and basically pay the prison to get their test subjects. Jim: Yeah. So, it says, "34 Angola inmates, six of them women, are today nursing slightly sore arms in what is said to have been the first guinea pig effort ever made here in the interest of medical science. The 34 last Saturday and Sunday were given the first of a series of inoculations aimed at testing a new type of vaccine for the treatment of rabies. All were volunteers," the prison management said.Woody: Yeah, bet.Jim: [laughs] They might have paid them something, I don't know. Woody: [crosstalk] -cigarette. Jim: Yeah. "Under the auspice of the School of Medicine at Tulane University at New Orleans, the inoculations were given by Dr. DP. Conwell, a Tulane medical staffer." There you are, at the start of the rabies vaccine in history. And who knew Angola played such a big part in that?Woody: Well, I had actually heard something before about them trying new procedures on convicts, because who were going to complain? And they gave them a couple of smokes. They were like, "Whatever." Jim: That's it. Woody: [crosstalk] "-anyway. Give me the shot." That's crazy. That shit wouldn't fly nowadays. Jim: No. Woody: All right, so let's take you to the next one we're going to do. And it says, "Count soars, official--" And that's spelled count soars, S-O-A-R-S, "Official sore," S-O-R-E, "Fresh fish may find no room." And then, y'all, we're talking about fresh inmates. "Today's inmate population swelled to a total of 2810, brought consternation to camp officials and worried frowns to the management last week. For the headcount is the highest here since the end of World War II, an authoritative source said. Already overcrowded at most units, Angola camp chiefs have been hard put to find sleeping room for their new borders. The count is suspected to hit 3000 by mid-year of 1955."Jim: Dang.Woody: That's crazy. Jim: Yeah.Woody: It's double that now. Jim: And they've added on--Woody: They've got a bunch of other prisons now too. They didn't have DCI and Winn and all those other prisons back then.Jim: Yeah. And so, we're still in 1954. And it says, "Here's that stuff again. Like the old saying about the character who, every time he opened his mouth, put his foot in it, last week, The Angolite carried a story about a patch of that nauseous stuff, okra, [laughs] situated just outside the fence of the woman's camp. And proving that the dames don't look into other people's backyards, as soon as she had read the account, buxom Alice said-," buxom Alice, they called her buxom Alice. "Buxom Alice said, 'Where's the okra? Why, I just love okra.' Yesterday at all units the food service department ordered for supper, you guessed it, boiled okra." Yuck. [laughter] Woody: That's funny. Jim: They didn't like that boiled okra.Woody: They're feeding them-- [crosstalk] Jim: I kind of like okra myself. Woody: [crosstalk] -especially my [unintelligible 00:38:15]-- Didn't cost them a whole lot to feed them. Jim: Buxom Alice, she liked her some okra. Woody: Right. Buxom Alice. That's funny. Well, y'all, I'm going to read you these next two. "Four men fail to rise, shine. Captain says your neck is mine. Four localites who bed down at Camp A were collared by police at that unit one day last week and charged with failing to rise and shine in the morning, as is customary in places like this. The four, Claudius Wall, Victor Stewart, Howard D. Keyes, and Robert Lewis, were escorted to the camp lockup to weigh the action of the disciplinary board. Because the quartet was asleep when they should have been awake, the camp count was snafued. Nothing will irritate a prison management as much as a fouled-up count of heads, it was said." [laughter]Woody: You messed up the count, you were going in a hole. That still happens today. And these dudes just didn't want to get up. That's funny. All right. Jim: Love it. Woody: Let me read this one. "Loader whops, hurts worker. Sammy Robinson of Camp F was hospitalized Monday for injuries when he met up with a cane sling while working on a loader near the unit. Robinson is said to have been whopped about the head by the loader slings, which broke loose." Jim: Oh, my God. Woody: "He's on the colored ward." Wow. So, I guess one of the things flew off the machine or somebody probably hit him in the head with one of those [unintelligible 00:40:02]. That's crazy. Jim: Yeah. They're not going to rat each other up. Woody: Yeah. Jim: All right, we'll go to 1955, June 18th, and this headline says "STU-", and I'm not sure what STU stands for. Woody: It's going to be a Special Lockdown Unit. Jim: There you go. "STU men stage short-lived buck. Residents of the STU, disgruntled over the quality and distribution of the food and a few other items, refused to enter their mess hall Wednesday evening, declaring a camp wide buck."Woody: Uh-oh. That's right. "When the people came, however, the usual conversation settled everything." [laughs]Woody: They're like, "I'm about to shoot your ass." Jim: The usual conversation. I love it. Woody: That's funny. So, bucking up, y'all, and I've been a part of a couple of them, but they were like, "Fuck it, we're not doing it, and we're going to protest." And Warden Burl Cain, we talked about this on an episode, came in. He said, "Give the first one--" They weren't going to work in a crawfish plant. "Give the first one a direct verbal order, and as soon as they say no, arrest them." You still get arrested. So, bucking up. And the usual conversation was had, probably the same thing, like back then, "We're going to shoot you if you don't go to work." June 18th, 1955. "A little girl wants her dog. Tuffy, where are you? A farm-wide search has failed to produce any sign of Tuffy, the six-year-old Boston terrier who was owned by plumber foreman, Harry Dwyer, who'd made his home at Camp E and claimed the yard there as his personal domain. Dwyer says he is sure Tuffy is not dead. His body would have been found by this time, he reasoned. Meanwhile, Tuffy's little mistress, eight-year-old Nickie Dwyer, sent the following message to the Angolite. 'My dog's name was Tuffy. He was eight years old at the time he disappeared. He was a faithful dog and I loved him so. I was raised with Tuffy. He was smarter than most dogs. I do have three other dogs, but they will never mean as much to me as Tuffy. Please bring him back to me, Nickie Dwyer.'" [laughter] Woody: I wonder if my momma knew her.Jim: That's crazy. So, this was apparently a plumber foreman. He had a dog that hung out at the camps.Woody: And they were all inside--[crosstalk] Jim: Daughter sent a plea to the Angolite. Woody: Let me do another real quick, says, "Stray dog round-up now in operation. In accordance with an order from the management, all stray dogs on the farm are being rounded up for disposal each evening. The drive will be in effect through July 4th." So, they were looking for--[crosstalk] Jim: Oh, my God.Woody: Stray dogs, they were killing their ass. Jim: Yeah. For disposal. Woody: Right. Jim: That's crazy.Woody: What if they cooked them? Jim: 1955, y'all. All right, "What's in a name?" This was a good one. "James Williams, who boards at Camp I and has a Yankee accent, which he acquired in Madison County, Wisconsin, wishes the management would learn that he is not James A. Williams. It's a little confusing at first, but not so very difficult once you get the hang of it from Williams. 'Their James A. Williams lives at Camp A,' he explained earnestly, as our eyes began to get glassy. 'Like last October. I almost went to the Red Hats,' he continued. 'Or November, when they called me to the visiting room and walked me into a family of total strangers,' he continued. 'It's getting so I never know who I am, much less where I am.' Williams said it happened again last week. He came within a split second of appearing before the parole board with a lawyer and four relatives, but not his relatives. 'I keep wondering what's going to happen when this other boy's time is up,' he sighed, shaking his head dolefully. It is an interesting thought at that." Woody: What was his name? Jim: James A. Williams. But they had two James A. Williams. Woody: They probably had five of them. He's from Wisconsin. Boy, you know he was doing a hard time [crosstalk] Wisconsin the other day, it was 50 degrees in the morning. I got in Louisiana, it was 100 degrees. Jim: Come on. Jesus. Well, James A. Williams, hopefully they released the guy-- Woody: [crosstalk] -Madison County where the guy was from. Jim: Wow. Woody: All right. "Busy tag plant takes short order," from June 18th, 1955. "An order for 40 large game preserve signs, each with replicas of the bobwhite quail in the corners, was turned out on time by the tag plant last week. They are on 24-hour duty producing a million new auto licensed tags for 56." Jim: Unbelievable. Woody: "Plus hundreds of steel bunks for the new prison. Sheet metal gutters and what have you." [laughter] Woody: Most of these, y'all, are just like a little bitty short articles. All right, the next one says, "Knife victim has loss of memory." I can imagine. "Hyde Walker of Camp F was hospitalized Tuesday with superficial knife wounds on his left arm and shoulder. Stricken with a lapse of memory, says he was unable to recall how he got hurt. Security officials suggested that he might have got careless while shaving."[laughter] Jim: That is great.Woody: They weren't even worried about him. Jim: And they might have been the ones that hurt him. He might have got lax while shaving. Yeah, that's crazy. Here's one I found interesting. It says, "Dental clinic cracks own record. The biggest week in the history of the dental department went on record during the seven days from June 5th through the 11th of 1955, according to their bookkeeping department. The figures show a total of 115 patients were handled. Seven plates were complete and fitted, and 12 others were put into process. There were 51 extractions, 34 marked miscellaneous, and a variety of other entries." So basically, they're pulling teeth left and right. That one week, they pulled 51 teeth. I thought that was interesting. Woody: [crosstalk] -too many feelings when they could just rip them out. Jim: Yeah. And I'll give you this one. It says, "Two use razorblade, put cells in stitches. Two unidentified colored women from Camp D were treated for minor lacerations at the emergency ward last Tuesday. Weapons used is said to have been a razorblade. Following treatment for both, they were released and returned to camp." So, they tried to commit suicide. Two women.Woody: I wonder if they got in a fight with each other. Maybe they did. Two unidentified women from Camp D were treated for minor-- They might have gotten in a knife fight with each other. Jim: Maybe.Woody: Maybe it was suicide. I don't know. All right, September 18th, 1954, y'all. "Uniforms for free personnel soon. For the first time in the history of Louisiana State Penitentiary, correctional officers will be garbed in uniforms." Wow, this is interesting. "'Hats, coats, trousers, and shirts are on order and will be issued,' Secretary Chief W. H. Maynard said Wednesday. The uniforms will be of a forest green hue with beige-colored shirts, the official said. There will be no badges, however, nor any marks of rank worn. A shoulder patch will designate the wearer as an LSP officer."Jim: How about that?Woody: 1954 is when they had got the first uniforms. That's crazy.Jim: That's crazy. It had been around since 1901 as a state prison, and it took till 1954 to get-- so they just wore whatever they wanted, I guess. Button up shirts or something.Woody: Blue jeans and something. Real quick, at the top of this page, it says, "Dixie's only prison weekly, The Angolite." And it gives Volume 2, number 41. Angola, Louisiana. September 18th, 1954, 10 pages. But then, it had this box that says "Warning!!!! Laggards are warned. Monday, September 20th is the deadline for filing your petition for the October Pardon Board. Don't get stuck out."[laughter] Jim: Even in Angola, inside of Angola, you have thieves that steal from other inmates. "Dees, the barber shop got looted. The barber is offering a reward." In this article, it says, "Yes, sir. It never rains, but when it rains, it pours. Seems a fella has to get down in bed sick to find out who his friends are. Monday, Dees, the rotund Camp E ex-barber, woke up one day at the General Hospital where he is suffering from a diabetic onset, to find out that his shop at Camp E had been burglarized. Missing, he said, is $300 worth of barber tools and unfurnished leather goods. Dees has posted a $25 reward for the arrest and conviction of the miscreant. Or, he'll pay it for the return of the goods, no questions asked."Woody: $25 back then, shit, you can always buy a car for it. Jim: Yeah. And he was basically saying, "Look, if you took it, if you just give it back to me, I'll give you $25, or I'll pay someone $25 to find out who it was."Woody: That's pretty much their craft. And each camp would have one. That's an esteemed position, most of them-- Jim: And $300 worth back then? Inside prison, that's a million dollars.Woody: Yeah. September 18th, 1954. "Free inmate menus now the same. For what is believed to be the first time on Angola, menus for free personnel and inmates were identical last week, with the exception of breakfast. The innovation is by order of food services manager, J. H. Bonnette. A huge saving is expected to result from the consolidation, the food department said. Breakfast in the inmate dining rooms are planned, but for free personnel consists of short orders only." [laughter] Woody: I guess if you're free personnel, you can order your eggs over easy or whatever, and the rest of them are just getting shit on a shingle. That is funny.Jim: Yeah. So, you actually have a choice if you're free personnel. If you're not free personnel, you get what they throw on that plate. I'm going to read a couple of these, and I'll let Woody read the last one we're going to do for you today. And this was a correction from Old Wooden Ear. And he says-- Old Wooden Ear. He says, "Irate Camp Fers have asked for a correction. Seems one Freddie Armstrong, whom The Angolite said last week had been stabbed in a humbug, was not from Camp F, but from Camp A. The Angolite is happy to make this correction and with the hope that if any others get stabbed at Camp F, they won't bleed." Woody: That's funny. Jim: Even The Angolite had to issue retractions. And then, this one says, "Escapee, guards play hide and seek. Guard lines were still out yesterday for Ulice Baker, 28, a colored Camp C trusty who was found to be missing last Saturday. Baker, serving a seven-year sentence, is thought to still be hiding somewhere on the farm." How about that? Look, they were escaping left and right back in them days.Woody: The way it was they're still trying to, but they got a whole lot more security stuff in place, razor wire and all that and the wolfdogs. All right, this one says, big headlines, "Frazier is oldest! A glance at the records settled the question once and for all who's the convict with the longest time in point of service on Angola. Records showed Charlie Frazier--" We need to talk about him. Jim: Yeah. Woody: "Records show Charlie Frazier Camp H-2 hospital steward was received in September of 1933 with one sentence of 18 years, one of 28 years, and a life term, all stacked on top of the other. Charlie is registered number 23409, is the oldest on the books. His discharge date, however, is still 20 years away. The book says December 3rd, 1974." Now, look in the DOC, you're known by your inmate numbers. Now, they're alone. Fucking that means he was the 23409th inmate when he came in, ever to go to the gates of Angola. After the Civil War when they started.Jim: And probably one of the most notorious-- really, in American history, there's a whole big, long story for Charlie Frazier, and we will tell his story one day. He's a tough one to research because this was so long ago, but I'm going to come up with some stuff for him. Just two quick short ones, and then we got to wrap it up for today. This one says, "Toe whacked off. Andrew Peters, a resident of the STU, lost the third toe on his right foot via surgery last week. The operation was performed at the Angola General Hospital." So, something happened, he had to whack his toe off. Woody: He had diabetes or something. Jim: And then, the one below it says, "Three and a hassle. Three juveniles at H-1 were sporting an assortment of moused eyes, puffed lips, and other sores today as the result of a free-for-all hassle last Tuesday. The trio, all of whom were unidentified, were given first aid, a piece of steak for their eyes and sent home--" Woody: And they run a piece of steak with a baloney. Jim: [laughs] Yeah, there was no steak, I can promise you.Woody: We need to look in that too, because they're housing the juveniles there now and they're so fucking pissed off about it. But [crosstalk] back then they had women and juveniles too. Woody: Yeah, they sure did. And so, we'll be bringing you stuff on that. Appreciate all you patrons out there that follow. Look, we dropped a bonus episode Monday just for patrons, where we covered the first 20 death row inmates that are requesting clemency and got those hearings. We went into an in-depth breakdown of each of those, dropped that on Monday. So, if you're not a patron, join Patreon, you can get that. Another quick announcement, Apple Podcast. For those that don't do Patreon for whatever reason, we're now on Apple Podcast as a subscription option as well. You just go to your Apple Podcast app, and you'll see it. I'm going to label all those. It'll say Apple Podcast Bonus Episode.Woody: Yeah. Also, what happens on Apple Podcast, anytime you go to the Apple Podcast player, and you type in "Bloody Angola," it'll pull it up and it'll give you, like, I think it's free trial for whatever, for seven days. It'll list episodes and everything else. Pretty cool deal, I think. Jim: If you're not and you want to try it, there's a free trial going on. Woody: Some people [crosstalk] either they don't know what Patreon is or they don't want to use it. I have that on the regular Real Life Real Crime. Jim: Well, some people want-- and they want to listen to their podcast through one particular app and not have to go different places. So, Apple Podcast enables that. Woody: So, if you like it and you want to try it and then get your free seven-day trial and go listen to some bonus episodes because we got a ton of them. Jim: We got a ton. Woody: And thank y'all and we love you so much. We appreciate each and every one of you. Jim: Yeah. And until next time, I'm Jim Chapman. Woody: And I'm Woody Overton.Jim: Your host of Bloody-Woody: -Angola. Jim: A podcast 142 years in the making. Woody: The Complete Story of America's Bloodiest Prison.Jim and Woody: Peace. [Bloody Angola theme]Our Sponsors:* Check out Factor and use my code bloodyangola50 for a great deal: https://www.factor75.com/ Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

This lecture treats the use of bodies and body parts as they relate to kinship and social systems in Old Norse heroic legend and myth. In various ways, body parts can be appropriated for cosmic purposes or forfeited for enhanced abilities. But if an intact body represents an intact kin group (as language such as "within the knees" for "kin" suggests), appropriation or forfeiture of body parts suggests loss of kin, and also flaws in social systems in which kinship plays a role. Indeed, body parts and kinship—especially kinstrife—relate in powerful metaphorical ways.