Refugee Studies Centre

Parallel session: Humanitarian Innovation and the Military 18 July 2015, 11:00-12:30, 1st Panel Room. Nathaniel Raymond, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, James Ryan, University of London. Chair: Josiah Kaplan, Humanitarian Innovation Project. Military and humanitarian actors increasingly interact across a range of contexts, from natural disaster response to complex emergencies. To date, however, sensitive but important questions surrounding knowledge creation, diffusion, and exchange between both communities remain under-explored, both in debates on humanitarian innovation and humanitarian civil-military coordination. This panel seeks to prompt critical discussion around a sensitive topic by examining how innovative forms of knowledge are created, diffused, and exchanged between military and humanitarian space. How do aid workers learn, adapt, and 'rebrand' military innovations for civilian use? To what degree are military actors adapting humanitarian concepts and practices for their own use? What sensitivities and dilemmas do such interactions pose for both humanitarian practice and principles? This discussion will be grounded in concrete case studies drawn from medical humanitarianism and emerging approaches to networked technologies such as remote sensing and mapping.

Parallel session: Understanding Humanitarian Innovation in Resettlement Contexts, 18 July 2015, 11:0--12:30, 2nd Panel Room. Gavin Ackerly, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre Innovation Hub: ‘Innovative ways of creating resource rich networks to support successful refugee resettlement', Faith Nibbs, Southern Methodist University: ‘Innovative Strategies: How refugees have career-laddered in the US', Eleanor Ott, Oxfam GB: ‘‘Forced' innovation: A case study of US refugee resettlement', Carrie Perkins, Southern Methodist University: ‘The Road to Resettlement: Transitions from the Thai-Burma border to Dallas, Texas'. Chair: Naohiko Omata, Humanitarian Innovation Project This panel will consider how the concept of humanitarian innovation can apply to refugees who have been resettled to third countries. The first presentation will introduce a purpose-built e-mentoring and networking project which connects refugees to industry professionals, small business mentors and peer groups in order to give refugees the opportunity to connect deep within mainstream networks, reducing reliance on service agencies and increasing opportunities for prosperity. The second presentation will address how refugees career-ladder when their skills don't easily transfer to the country of resettlement, presenting some of the innovative strategies refugees have used over the past 30 years in the US gathered through ethnographic interviews of the refugee communities of Dallas, TX area. The third presentation will explore how resettled refugees use and build their own networks to relocate, acquire employment, and find economic and social support, presenting qualitative and quantitative data on resettled refugee livelihood adaptation from findings of research with resettled refugees, practitioners, and policymakers. The fourth presentation will use qualitative interviews from refugees both preparing for resettlement and those who have already made the transition to life in the U.S to explore the many challenges, struggles and successes encountered along the way.

Parallel session: Facilitating Bottom-Up Innovation, 18 July 2015, 13:34-15:15, 2nd Panel Room Gavin Ackerly, Asylum Seeker Resource Centre Innovation Hub, Robert Hakiza, Young African Refugees for Integral Development (YARID) Uganda, Avila Kilmurray, Global Fund for Community Foundations, Olivia O'Sullivan, Innovation Hub, DFID, Amplify Project. Chair: Louise Bloom, Humanitarian Innovation Project. This session centres on the fact that the humanitarian sector still has a lot to learn about fully engaging with crisis-affected communities in innovation practice. However several initiatives have started to support communities' skills and ideas for new humanitarian solutions. Through a lively conversation with the panel members, this session will introduce the exciting work that has created hubs, funds and other platforms to support community-led innovation around the world. We will learn what some of the successes and challenges have been in facilitating grassroots initiatives, and ask what the future is for more direct involvement of crisis-affected communities in providing innovative solutions to humanitarian challenges. With a panel representing a range of global perspectives we hope to unpack some of the key lessons to good innovation facilitation.

Parallel session: Ethics for Technology and Big Data in Humanitarian Innovation 17 July 2015, 14:00-15:30, 1st Panel Room. Nathaniel Raymond, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's Signal Program: ‘Applying Humanitarian Principles to the Collection and Use of Digital Data in order to Identify and Mitigate Potential Risks to Vulnerable Populations', Stefan Voigt, DLR Center for Satellite Based Crisis Information, and Josh Lyons, Human Rights Watch: ‘Between transparency and sensitivity: considerations on the use of very high resolution satellite mapping technologies for humanitarian operations and human rights investigations' Chair: Anaïs Rességuier, Sciences Po Paris. This panel will discuss ethical issues and risks specific to the application of new and existing technologies and the collection of ‘big data' for humanitarian purposes. The first presentation will identify potential risk vectors and models of prospective harm that may stem from current data collection practices through digital platforms, which is increasingly for humanitarian practice, and will provide examples of scenarios where this harm may occur and applying commonly accepted sources of humanitarian principles. The second presentation will give an insight in the current and up‐coming state‐of‐the‐art of satellite technology and will stimulate a discussion on how the geospatial community can navigate future policy debates in a balanced and informed way.

Parallel session: Community-based Food Production in Humanitarian Contexts 18 July 2015, 13:45-15:15. Panellists; Mikey Tomkins, CitizenD: ‘Refugee communities in Dallas: Develop community based urban agriculture in Vickery Meadow' This panel will consider the role of community-based initiatives and innovations for food production as a way of addressing food security issues in refugee and other humanitarian situations. This presentation focuses on the ongoing work of Citizen-D in Dallas, Texas, a project which is in its first year, and aims to create, support and promote urban food growing projects within the refugee communities in Dallas.

Parallel session: Humanitarian Innovation: How to balance short-term results with long-term vision? 17 July 2015, 14:00-15:30. Panellists Kim Scriven, Humanitarian Innovation Fund, Pascal Daudin, ICRC, Johan Karlsson, Better Shelter. Chair: Marpe Tanaka, MSF Sweden Innovation Unit. For emergency-oriented organisations in the humanitarian sector, responding quickly to rapidly emerging crisis situations is absolutely crucial. However, a major challenge facing humanitarian organizations is how to maintain a balance between addressing short-term needs and building an innovation capability to meet long-term challenges. The emergency-oriented mind-set often leads to prioritization of short-term problem solving and neglects the exploration of long-term challenges and opportunities for innovation. This panel brings together representatives from MSF Sweden Innovation Unit, the Humanitarian Innovation Fund, the ICRC and Better Shelter to discuss how to successfully achieve a balance between the short-term and the long-term, and to explore the role of patience and trust in creating a sustained innovation capability in humanitarian organizations.

A panel discuss the deal between the EU and Turkey regarding immigration

Peter Gatrell gives a talk for the Refugee Studies Centre podcast series.

Guy Goodwin-Gill gives a talk for the Refugee Studies Centre podcast series. In 1977, as national refugee status determination procedures were gaining new life, State members of UNHCR's Executive Committee asked the Office to provide guidance on the interpretation and application of the 1951 Convention/1967 Protocol. The outcome was the 1979 UNHCR Handbook, still widely cited in courts around the world, but substantially unchanged notwithstanding successive ‘re-issues'. Following adoption of its Agenda for Protection in 2000, UNHCR sought to keep up with jurisprudential developments and emergent issues by publishing supplementary guidelines, for example, on exclusion, gender, social group, and children; these were mostly drafted in-house, like the original Handbook, and without any formal input from States or other stakeholders. Following criticism of its 2013 guidelines on military service, however, UNHCR began to consider how external input could be usefully and effectively managed, for example, through the circulation of drafts for comment. Authoritative and influential guidelines will need a solid methodology when it comes to synthesizing best practice and pointing the way ahead, and UNHCR cannot just rely on its statutory and treaty role in ‘supervising the application' of the 1951 Convention. In some respects, its task is analogous to that of the International Law Commission, incorporating both codification (identifying where States now see the law) and progressive development (showing how the law should develop consistently, if protection is to keep in step with need). So, what are the issues on which further guidance is needed today? What, if any, are the limits to interpretation, and when are new texts required? In drafting guidelines, who should be consulted? And how should others' views and analysis be taken into account?

Dr James Milner gives a talk for the Refugee Studies Centre seminar series. Despite the attention paid to new examples of ‘global refugee policy', we know surprisingly little about the process by which it is made and implemented. Building on the December 2014 special issue of the Journal of Refugee Studies, this seminar introduces the concept of ‘global refugee policy' and argues for a more critical and systematic examination of the interests and actors that shape the process of making and implementing policy. Drawing on efforts to implement global policy with respect to protracted refugee situations in the context of Tanzania, the seminar considers the range of national and local factors that limited efforts to realise naturalisation for Burundian refugees, and outlines an approach to the future study of global refugee policy.

Dr Jeff Crisp and MaryBeth Morand give a talk for the Refugee Studies Centre podcast series.

Dr Phil Orchard gives a talk for the Refugee Studies Centre podcast series. In the past two decades, global policy on internal displacement has become a discernible area of activity for the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and a range of other international and non-government organizations. It is an area of policy which operates in parallel with global refugee policy, alongside but separate as it is neither as strongly legally or institutional anchored. Its development has been far more ad hoc, incremental, and divided than refugee policy. And yet global policy on internal displacement as both process and product is clearly identifiable. This is reflected in legal developments including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the African Union's Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention). But it is also reflected in practice within the United Nations, including the development of the cluster approach to provide protection and assistance to the internally displaced, and in the basic working processes not only of UNHCR, but also of the Security Council and the General Assembly. This suggests that incremental processes can have long term effects on global policy generally.

Professor Jane McAdam focuses here on the relocation of the Banaban population from Ocean Island (previously one of the Gilbert & Ellice Islands, now Kiribati) to Rabi Island in Fiji after the Second World War. Professor McAdam is Scientia Professor of Law and the Director of the Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law at the University of New South Wales. She holds an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship, and is a non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington DC and a Research Associate at the Refugee Studies Centre.

Seminar given on 18 February 2015 by Dr Benjamin Gray (University of Edinburgh), part of the RSC Hilary term 2015 Public Seminar Series This seminar addresses the place of exiles and refugees in the Greek polis (city-state), with a focus on the later Classical and Hellenistic periods (c. 400-100 BC). It addresses the different forms of protection and aid granted by Greek poleis and their citizens to Greeks displaced through war and civil strife. It also analyses the range of arguments advanced by ancient Greeks for protecting or helping exiles and refugees, including the self-presentation of displaced Greeks themselves. For example, refugees and their hosts could present aid to displaced groups as inspired by justice, law, freedom and shared Greek identity. Alternatively, in a move which became increasingly prominent in the period considered here, they could present help to the displaced as a matter of humane sympathy or even charity. This seminar argues that the diverse range of relevant Greek practices and values both reflected and helped to shape complex and shifting ancient Greek ideas about the city, citizenship, democracy, justice, freedom, virtue and gender. Throughout its argument, connections and contrasts are drawn between ancient Greek and modern practices and ideology, and their underpinnings in broader ethical and political ideals. Modern practices and values concerning aid to refugees draw on, and combine, different ancient Greek approaches and traditions, as well as departing from them. Dr Gray is the author of a forthcoming book on exile, refugees and the city in ancient Greece: 'Stasis and Stability: Exile, the Polis, and Political Thought, c. 404-146 BC' (OUP, forthcoming in summer 2015).

Launch of 'Migrants at Work: Immigration and Vulnerability in Labour Law' (Oxford University Press 2014), held on 13 February 2015. The volume is edited by Professor Cathryn Costello (RSC) and Emeritus Professor Mark Freedland Event programme: 1) Welcome from the Editors and the Dean of the Faculty of Law Professor Hugh Collins; 2) Migration Law on the Labour Law Curriculum: Professor ACL Davies (University of Oxford); 3) ‘Modern Slavery' and Migrant Workers: Panacea or Panopticon?: Professor Julia O'Connell-Davison (University of Nottingham), Dr Virginia Mantouvalou (UCL), Professor Bernard Ryan (University of Leicester), Professor Bridget Anderson (COMPAS); 4) Illegality after Hounga: On Firewalls and other Fantasies?: Professor Cathryn Costello (RSC), Professor Alan Bogg (University of Oxford); 5) Developing the Migrants at Work Research Agenda.

Seminar given on 28 January 2015 by Professor Dawn Chatty (RSC), part of the RSC Hilary term 2015 Public Seminar Series Refugee studies rarely address historical matters; yet understanding ideas about sanctuary, refuge and asylum have long roots in both Western and Eastern history and philosophy. Occasionally the Nansen era of the 1920s is examined or the opening years of, say, the Palestinian refugee crisis are addressed. But by and large the circumstances, experiences and influences of refugees and exiles in modern history are ignored. This seminar attempts to contribute to an exploration of the past and to examine the responses of one State – the late Ottoman Empire – to the forced migration of millions of largely Muslim refugees and exiles from its contested borderland shared with Tsarist Russia into its southern provinces. The seminar focuses on one particular meta-ethnic group, the Circassians, and explores the humanitarian response to their movement both nationally and locally as well as their concerted drive for assisted self-settlement. The Circassians are one of many groups that were on the move at the end of the 19th century and their reception and eventual integration without assimilation in the region provide important lessons for contemporary humanitarianism.

Seminar given on 21 January 2015 by Professor Peter Heather (King's College London), part of the RSC Hilary term 2015 Public Seminar Series Up to the mid-fourth century AD, the language of refuge regularly appears in Roman sources in the context of frontier management. It is employed both of high status individuals, but also – more strikingly – of very much larger groups: certainly several tens of thousands of individuals, and sometimes apparently a hundred thousand plus-strong. The basic political economy of the Empire – powered by unmechanised agricultural production in a world of low overall population densities – meant that there was always a demand for labour, and, in the right circumstances, refugees could expect reasonable treatment. Provided that their arrival posed no military or political threat to imperial integrity, refugees would receive not only lands to cultivate on reasonable terms, but might also be settled in concentrations large enough to preserve structures of broader familial and even cultural identity. In other circumstances, however, imperial control was enforced by direct military action and survivors were sold into slavery and might themselves redistributed as individuals in adverse socio-economic conditions over very wide geographical areas. In the late fourth and early fifth centuries, a distinct change becomes apparent in imperial policy. Some very large refugee groups – particularly those that were Gothic – were granted lands within the Empire on terms which broke with long-established Roman norms. These groups were so large and retained so much autonomy that they posed a distinct threat to the continued integrity of imperial rule over the particular regions in which they were settled. Over time, some of the settlements eventually became the basis of independent successor kingdoms as the power of the west Roman centre unravelled. This transition poses an obvious question. Why did traditional Roman policy towards refugees change so markedly in the late imperial period?

This event marked the launch of the RSC Policy Briefing 'Protection in Europe for refugees from Syria' and Forced Migration Review issue 47 on 'The Syria crisis, displacement and protection' There are currently more than 2.8 million registered refugees from Syria. Ninety-six percent of these refugees are hosted by neighbouring countries – Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt. With the exception of Germany and a few other limited initiatives, the primary aim of the European response has been to contain the crisis in the Syrian region and to reinforce Europe's borders. This event marked the launch of a new RSC Policy Briefing, ‘Protection in Europe for refugees from Syria'. Report authors, Cynthia Orchard and Andrew Miller, provided an overview of the European reaction generally, as well as brief summaries of selected countries' responses. They argued that containment of the refugee crisis to the Syrian region is unsustainable and advocate for European countries to open their doors to refugees from the region and to expand safe and legal routes of entry. Also launched at this event was issue 47 of Forced Migration Review on ‘The Syria crisis, displacement and protection'. Professor Roger Zetter, co-author (with Héloïse Ruaudel) of a major article in the issue entitled ‘Development and protection challenges of the Syrian refugee crisis', looked at early recovery and social cohesion interventions and the transition from assistance to development-led interventions in Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan. FMR47 was funded by the Regional Development and Protection Programme, a Denmark-led initiative with contributions from the EU, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, UK and Czech Republic, for whose inception report Professor Zetter was the lead author. Download the publications at www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/syrialaunch

This event marked the launch of the RSC Policy Briefing 'Protection in Europe for refugees from Syria' and Forced Migration Review issue 47 on 'The Syria crisis, displacement and protection' There are currently more than 2.8 million registered refugees from Syria. Ninety-six percent of these refugees are hosted by neighbouring countries – Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt. With the exception of Germany and a few other limited initiatives, the primary aim of the European response has been to contain the crisis in the Syrian region and to reinforce Europe's borders. This event marked the launch of a new RSC Policy Briefing, ‘Protection in Europe for refugees from Syria'. Report authors, Cynthia Orchard and Andrew Miller, provided an overview of the European reaction generally, as well as brief summaries of selected countries' responses. They argued that containment of the refugee crisis to the Syrian region is unsustainable and advocate for European countries to open their doors to refugees from the region and to expand safe and legal routes of entry. Also launched at this event was issue 47 of Forced Migration Review on ‘The Syria crisis, displacement and protection'. Professor Roger Zetter, co-author (with Héloïse Ruaudel) of a major article in the issue entitled ‘Development and protection challenges of the Syrian refugee crisis', looked at early recovery and social cohesion interventions and the transition from assistance to development-led interventions in Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan. FMR47 was funded by the Regional Development and Protection Programme, a Denmark-led initiative with contributions from the EU, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, UK and Czech Republic, for whose inception report Professor Zetter was the lead author. Download the publications at www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/syrialaunch

Launch of the Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. Seminar given on 15 October 2014 as part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has grown from being a concern of a relatively small number of scholars and policy researchers in the 1980s to a global field of interest with thousands of students worldwide studying displacement either from traditional disciplinary perspectives or as a core component of newer programmes across the Humanities and Social and Political Sciences. Today the field encompasses both rigorous academic research which may or may not ultimately inform policy and practice, as well as action-research focused on advocating in favour of refugees' needs and rights. This authoritative Handbook critically evaluates the birth and development of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, and analyses the key contemporary and future challenges faced by academics and practitioners working with and for forcibly displaced populations around the world. In this talk, Dr Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh and Professor Gil Loescher, two of the Handbook's editors, discuss how the book provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge overview of the key intellectual, political, social and institutional challenges arising from mass displacement in the world today. Laying out the thinking behind the Handbook, they examine how it addresses these challenges and attempts to unify a diverse, evolving and crucial field. Professor Loescher and Dr Fiddian-Qasmiyeh are joined by a number of the Handbook's authors, who reflect on their own contributions to the volume and highlight some of cutting-edge approaches and challenges emerging in their respective areas of expertise. Read more about the Handbook: www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/news/oxford-hand…es-now-available

Seminar given on 22 October 2014 by Dr Fiddian-Qasmiyeh (University College London and the Refugee Studies Centre), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. Refugee camps are typically perceived as militarised and patriarchal spaces, and yet the Sahrawi refugee camps and their inhabitants have consistently been represented as ideal in nature: uniquely secular and democratic spaces, and characterised by gender equality. Drawing on extensive research with and about Sahrawi refugees in Algeria, Cuba, Spain, South Africa and Syria, Dr Fiddian-Qasmiyeh explores how, why and to what effect such idealised depictions have been projected onto the international arena. In this talk, she argues that secularism and the empowerment of Sahrawi refugee women have been strategically invoked to secure the humanitarian and political support of Western state and non-state actors who ensure the continued survival of the camps and their inhabitants. She challenges listeners to reflect critically on who benefits from assertions of good, bad and ideal refugees, and whose interests are advanced by interwoven discourses about the empowerment of women and secularism in contexts of war and peace. Read more about the book here: http://syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/fall-2013/ideal-refugees.html Read more about the book here: syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/fall-2013…gees.html

Seminar given on 29 October 2014 by Dr Kirsten McConnachie (Refugee Studies Centre), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. Refugee camps are imbued in the public imagination with assumptions of anarchy, danger and refugee passivity. 'Governing Refugees: Justice, Order and Legal Pluralism' marshals empirical data and ethnographic detail to challenge such assumptions, arguing that refugee camps should be recognised as spaces where social capital can not only survive, but thrive. In this talk, Dr McConnachie examines themes of community governance, order maintenance and legal pluralism in the context of refugee camps on the Thailand-Burma border. The nature of a refugee situation is such that multiple actors take a role in camp management, creating a complex governance environment which has a significant impact on the lives of refugees. This situation also speaks to deeply important questions of legal and political scholarship, including the production of order beyond the state, justice as a contested site, and the influence of transnational human rights discourses on local justice practice. Dr McConnachie's book presents valuable new research into the subject of refugee camps as well as an original critical analysis. Read more about the book here: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415834001/

The Annual Harrell-Bond Lecture, given by Her Royal Highness Princess Basma bint Talal on 5 November 2014 at the University of Oxford Examination Schools. The communities comprising the modern Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan have a long history as refugee hosts. Currently, 20 per cent of the residents of Jordan are refugees and asylum seekers from all over the world. Her Royal Highness Princess Basma bint Talal examines the ways in which earlier refugee communities' experience of displacement itself contributed to their integration within the developing Jordanian state. Princess Basma discusses the ways in which Jordan's Circassian, Chechen and Armenian communities have negotiated different aspects of their specific identities and integrated in Jordan, considering the role of forced migration itself in creating identities. Jordan's own experience demonstrates how policies that engage and include refugee communities can have positive outcomes for both sides, creating peaceful and productive coexistence.

Seminar given on 12 November 2014 by Professor Jonny Steinberg (African Studies Centre and the Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. In the course of writing an intimate biography of a Somali forced migrant, Professor Steinberg has explored some of the more important decisions his subject has made over the course of his life. Among them are decisions about public matters: how to position himself in the politics of the Somali diaspora; whether to take a public stand over xenophobia in South Africa; how to understand his place as a refugee in American society. In each case, Professor Steinberg finds that the public position he adopts is tied inextricably to his feelings about a woman he loves. In this talk, Professor Steinberg will examine connections between the very personal and the very public in the context of forced migration. His paper is an explorative piece, its conclusions tentative and suggestive.

Seminar given on 19 November 2014 by Dr Nando Sigona (University of Birmingham) and Professor Roger Zetter (Refugee Studies Centre), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. Undocumented migration is a huge global phenomenon, yet little is known about the reality of life for those involved. Sans Papiers, co-authored by Alice Bloch, Nando Sigona and Roger Zetter, combines a contemporary account of the theoretical and policy debates with an in-depth exploration of the lived experiences of undocumented migrants in the UK from Zimbabwe, China, Brazil, Ukraine and Turkish Kurdistan. Built around their voices, the book provides a unique understanding of migratory processes, gendered experiences and migrant aspirations. In this talk, Nando Sigona and Roger Zetter draw on their book to explore the ambiguities and contradictions of being an undocumented migrant, providing insights into personal experiences alongside analysis of wider policy issues. Find out more about the book here: bit.ly/sans-papiers-undocumented

Seminar given on 26 November 2014 by Dr Katy Long (Stanford University and University of Edinburgh), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. Katy Long is Lecturer in International Development at the University of Edinburgh, where her work focuses on migration and refugee issues. In addition, she researches the sale of citizenship in both legal and black market contexts at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. She is also a former RSC Research Associate and post-doctoral fellow. Dr Long received her doctorate from Cambridge in 2009, and afterwards worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Refugee Studies Centre in Oxford and as a lecturer at the London School of Economics, before joining the department in September 2013. She has also worked extensively with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees on a number of projects, including investigating the role migration could play in solving refugee crises, the use of voluntary repatriation and refugees' political participation, and emergency responses to border closures. To date, her research has looked in particular at refugee movements and international "solutions" to forced migration crises. Most recently, her fieldwork has focused on migrations from and crises in the East, Horn and Great Lakes regions of Africa, but she's also worked in Guatemala and Mexico and is increasingly interested in understanding immigration policy here in the West.

Seminar given on 3 December 2014 by Professor Audrey Macklin (University of Toronto), part of the RSC Michaelmas term 2014 Public Seminar Series. Citizenship revocation has emerged in the UK and Canada as a supplement to the counter-terrorism toolkit, and is on the legislative agenda elsewhere. Citizens who engage in conduct deemed threatening to national security face potential deprivation of citizenship through the exercise of executive discretion. The author situates citizenship revocation within the evolving field of 'crimmigration', as well as in its historical context. The new 'two-step exile' extends the functionality of immigration law by turning citizens into deportable aliens: first, strip citizenship; second, deport the newly minted alien. This revival of banishment raises various normative, legal and practical considerations. Professor Macklin will critically engage with the depiction of citizenship as a privilege versus a right, and citizenship revocation for misconduct as constructive breach of the social contract versus punishment. She will argue that citizenship revocation as conceived under both the UK and Canadian regimes is essentially punitive. She will then analyse the legality of citizenship revocation under international law and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, using US Supreme Court judgements on expatriation as a relevant source of comparative jurisprudence.

Part 3 of 3 of a series of podcasts from the special workshop 'The Arab Uprisings: Displacement and Migration', held at the Oxford Department of International Development on 16 May 2014 The aim of this workshop was to investigate the relation between migration and revolts. Some of the questions that were addressed include: What is the theoretical link between emigration, immigration and revolts? What have been the short-term and long-term impacts of the uprisings on mobility, migration and displacement in the Middle East and North Africa region in terms of patterns and trends and of institutional responses to movements induced by the Arab Uprising? What has been the impact of the Uprisings on broader processes of social change in the region?

Part 2 of 3 of a series of podcasts from the special workshop 'The Arab Uprisings: Displacement and Migration', held at the Oxford Department of International Development on 16 May 2014 The aim of this workshop was to investigate the relation between migration and revolts. Some of the questions that were addressed include: What is the theoretical link between emigration, immigration and revolts? What have been the short-term and long-term impacts of the uprisings on mobility, migration and displacement in the Middle East and North Africa region in terms of patterns and trends and of institutional responses to movements induced by the Arab Uprising? What has been the impact of the Uprisings on broader processes of social change in the region?

Part 1 of 3 of a series of podcasts from the special workshop 'The Arab Uprisings: Displacement and Migration', held at the Oxford Department of International Development on 16 May 2014 The aim of this workshop was to investigate the relation between migration and revolts. Some of the questions that were addressed include: What is the theoretical link between emigration, immigration and revolts? What have been the short-term and long-term impacts of the uprisings on mobility, migration and displacement in the Middle East and North Africa region in terms of patterns and trends and of institutional responses to movements induced by the Arab Uprising? What has been the impact of the Uprisings on broader processes of social change in the region?

Special seminar by Dr Maha Shuayb (Centre for Lebanese Studies), which took place at the Oxford Department of International Development on 19 May 2014. Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis in 2011, more than 3 million refugees have fled to the neighbouring countries Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq and Egypt. According to the last regional response plan, it is estimated that the number of Syrian refugees in need of assistance across the region reached 3.45 million by the end of 2013. In Lebanon, the number of Syrian refugees has soared to over a million; 630,000 of them are between 3 and 18 years old. Syrian refugee children face a number of barriers in trying to access the educational system in Lebanon. The language of instruction poses difficulties for Syrians in coping with host country curricula: the Syrian national curriculum is solely in Arabic, whereas the Lebanese system includes English and French both as subjects and as languages of instruction for maths and science. The impact of all of these conditions on students' education retention and opportunities to continue higher education is yet to be seen. This talk, hosted by Oxford Solidarity for Syria in collaboration with the RSC, focuses on access and quality of education offered to Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. The initial findings of the ongoing study of public, private and UNRWA schools that have Syrian students have highlighted numerous challenges facing Syrian children including discrimination, violence, acculturation and lack of support in the classroom. With the increase of the scale of the crisis, and hostilities toward the Syrian refugees, the Lebanese Ministry of Education and Higher Education has already started to adopt an exclusory approach to the education of the refugees by banning new Syrian children from registering in public schools, whilst putting pressure on UN agencies to sponsor afternoon school shifts for Syrian students only. About the speaker: Maha Shuayb is the Director of the Centre for Lebanese Studies (CLS). She is also a visiting fellow at the Faculty of Education at the University of Oxford and the President of the Lebanese Association for History. Maha joined CLS in 2008 as a Senior Research Fellow at St Antony's College. In 2012, Maha became the Director of the Centre. Maha has a BSc in Sociology from the Lebanese University and a PhD degree in Education from the University of Cambridge. She has been a visiting scholar at various universities including University of Cambridge and the American University of Beirut. Maha's research focuses on the sociology and politics of education. Her research interests include education and social cohesion, refugee education, citizenship education and history education. Her most recent publications are: Rethinking Education for Social Cohesion: International Case Studies (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) and 'The art of inclusive exclusions educating Palestinian refugee students in Lebanon' (Refugee Survey Quarterly, forthcoming).

The second panel discussion of the Silent University event which took place at the Oxford Department of International Development on 20 May 2014. Panel 2: The role of artists and institutions in challenging popular narratives about migrants. Moderator: Ahmet Öğüt, The Silent University. Panellists: Aaron Cezar, Delfina Foundation; Emily Fahlén, The Silent University Stockholm; Jonas Staal, New World Academy.

Two presentations and the first panel discussion of the Silent University event which took place at the Oxford Department of International Development on 20 May 2014. Recording details: 00:00:00-00:13:28 - Ten Types of Arabic Calligraphy (in English and Arabic), Behnam al-Agzeer, The Silent University; 00:13:32-00:17:01 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases and the History of HIV, Mulugeta Fikadu, The Silent University; 00:17:06-00:48:29 - Panel 1: Migrant Communities and Networks, and Social Exclusion in the UK and Europe. Moderator: Professor Bridget Anderson, COMPAS. Panellists: Carlos Cruz, The Silent University; Uvindu Kurukulasuriya, The Silent University; Geraldine Takundwa, The Silent University; Miriam Binsztok, The Silent University; Karin Waringo, The Silent University Paris.

The Silent University Visible Award Ceremony 2013 took place at the Oxford Department of International Development on 20 May 2014. Ahmet Öğüt, Silent University founder, was presented with the Visible Award, and various speakers contributed to the event. On 14 December 2013, the second edition of the Visible Award was awarded to The Silent University, a knowledge exchange platform initiated by the artist Ahmet Öğüt and led by a group of asylum seekers, refugees, and migrants. In recognition of the award, the London branch of The Silent University produced a two-day event, with the first day organised in collaboration with the Oxford Migration Studies Society and the Refugee Studies Centre. The event focused on drawing together members of The Silent University in dialogue with artists, curators, and theoreticians who are working on projects that deal with migration issues in the legal framework of Western democracies. The Visible Award, which in its mission is looking for art that 'leaves its own field and becomes visible as part of something else,' is proud to accompany The Silent University in its encounter with the academic realm outside of the space of art. Read more about The Silent University here: http://thesilentuniversity.org/. Recording details: 00:00:00-00:03:15 - Welcome by Professor Dawn Chatty, Refugee Studies Centre; 00:03:16-00:11:24 - Introduction to the day by Matteo Luchetti and Judith Wielander, Visible; 00:11:30-00:15:21 - Presentation of the Visible Award by Andrea Zegna, Fondazione Zegna; 00:15:32-00:22:46 - Paolo Naldini, Pistoletto Foundation; 00:22:47-00:26:06 - Acceptance of the Visible Award by Ahmet Öğüt, The Silent University.

Seminar given on 4th June 2014 by Dr Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen (The Danish Institute for Human Rights), part of the Trinity term 2014 Public Seminar Series International refugee law, in particular the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, is often taken as constitutive for national refugee and asylum policy. It places a legal constraint upon signatory states against the otherwise well-established right to decide who may enter and remain on its territory, and through both the definition and rights catalogue it sets a standard that is reflected in domestic law across the globe. The last twenty-five years, however, have seen an increased politicisation of asylum across both traditional and new asylum countries. Many countries have introduced a broad array of procedural and physical deterrence mechanisms to prevent refugees from reaching their destination or accessing full asylum procedures. Dr Gammeltoft-Hansen's talk takes this growing set of non-entrée practices as a critical case for examining the continued role of international law in refugee policy. Over the last two decades, many of the traditional non-entrée practices have been legally challenged. Rather than abandoning non-entrée, states have instead turned their attention to a new generation of deterrent regimes intended to overcome these legal objections. Much, if not most, of the work of deterrence is now taking place in the territory – or at least under the formal authority of – poorer states of origin and transit, which for economic, political or other reasons are often willing to serve as the gatekeepers to the developed world. Dr Gammeltoft-Hansen sets out this new generation of non-entrée and the legal avenues that must be pursued to constrain them. Secondly, he revisits the dominant accounts of the interplay between international law and politics, suggesting that we need to view this relationship more dynamically. International refugee law neither serves merely to contain politics, nor does it become obsolete when no longer backed by realpolitik. Rather, legal interpretation and policy in this area have developed in a dialectic process of mutual action and reaction where international refugee law equally works to constrain and drive refugee policy.

RSC 2014 Conference: Refugee Voices. Lectures by Matthew Wilch; Zo Tum Hmung; Victoria Jack. Recorded on 24 March 2014 at St Anne's College, University of Oxford. This recording begins with a talk from Matthew Wilch (Refugee Policy Advisor, US Conference of Catholic Bishops) and Zo Tum Hmung (Chin community activist) on 'The Chin seeking refuge in Mizoram State, India: a roundtable approach to refugee protection'. Victoria Jack (University of Newcastle, Australia) follows with a talk on 'Communication as aid: giving voice to refugees on the Thai-Burma border.'

RSC and Oxford Diasporas Programme special seminar. Professor Harris Mylonas (George Washington University). Recorded on 27 May 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. What drives a state's choice to assimilate, accommodate, or exclude ethnic groups within its territory? In this talk, Harris Mylonas speaks on his book, The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities (Cambridge University Press, 2013), in which he argues that a state's nation-building policies toward non-core groups – any aggregation of individuals perceived as an ethnic group by the ruling elite of a state – are influenced by both its foreign policy goals and its relations with the external patrons of these groups. Through a detailed study of the Balkans, Mylonas shows that how a state treats a non-core group within its own borders is determined largely by whether the state's foreign policy is revisionist or cleaves to the international status quo, and whether it is allied or in rivalry with that group's external patrons. Mylonas injects international politics into the study of nation-building, building a bridge between international relations and the comparative politics of ethnicity and nationalism. This is the first book to explain systematically how the politics of ethnicity in the international arena determine which groups are assimilated, accommodated or annihilated by their host states.

Public Seminar Series Trinity term 2014. Dr Daniel Wilsher (City University London) & Francesca Cancellaro (Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna). Recorded on 28 May 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford The detention of asylum seekers is always particularly controversial. The Saadi v UK decision of the Strasbourg Court was much criticised for condoning administrative detention of asylum seekers. It did, however, impose apparently strict legal constraints on such detention. Nevertheless, in that time, executive practice in Europe has evolved in ways that arguably further undermine these constraints. This seminar considers practices in the UK under the detained fast-track system and in Italy on the island of Lampedusa to assess the current state of detention and its compliance with the rule of law.

Public Seminar Series, Trinity term 2014. Seminar by Professor Kelly M. Greenhill (Tufts University). Recorded on 7 May 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. In this seminar, Professor Greenhill examines an understudied, yet relatively common, bargaining tool and method of persuasion: namely, the use of migration and refugee crises as non-military instruments of state-level coercion. Who employs this unconventional weapon, how often it succeeds and fails, how and why this kind of coercion ever works, and how targets may combat this unorthodox brand of coercion will be explored. Contemporary cases, including Libya, Syria, North Korea, Cuba and Kosovo are discussed, as are the sometimes-devastating humanitarian implications of engineered migration crises. The talk is drawn in part from Professor Greenhill's book of the same name, which received the International Studies Association's Best Book of the Year Award.

Public Seminar Series Trinity term 2014. Madeline Garlick (Radboud University). Recorded on 14 May 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Madeline Garlick is a Guest Researcher and PhD candidate at the Centre for Migration Law at Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. She is also an International Migration Initiative (IMI) Fellow with the Open Society Foundations, working in 2014 on an asylum project with Migration Policy Institute Europe. She was previously Head of the Policy and Legal Support Unit in the Bureau for Europe of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and responsible for UNHCR's liaison to the EU institutions from 2004-2013. She served with the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), as a member of the Secretary-General's Good Offices negotiating team on Cyprus, from 1999-2004. She worked from 1996-1999 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, for the Commission for Real Property Claims of Displaced Persons and Refugees and for the Office of the High Representative. She has also worked for Justice, the British Chapter of the International Commission of Jurists, on asylum issues She is qualified as a barrister and solicitor in Victoria, Australia. Madeline Garlick writes and speaks in her personal capacity, and any views expressed or implied do not necessarily represent the position of the United Nations or UNHCR.

RSC 2014 Conference: Refugee Voices. Lectures by Tun Khin; Amal de Chickera; Maung Zarni. Recorded on 25 March 2014 at St Anne's College, University of Oxford. This recording begins with a lecture by Tun Khin (Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK) on 'The treatment of the Rohingya.' It continues with a lecture by Amal de Chickera (the Equal Rights Trust) on 'Shared responsibility: an international approach to the Rohingya crisis.' The recording finishes with a lecture by Maung Zarni (London School of Economics) on 'The Rohingya: reading the State.'

RSC 2014 Conference: Refugee Voices. Lectures by Cathrine Thorleifsson; Dina Jane Kiwan; Ruba Al Akash and Karen Boswall; Veronica Ferreri. Recorded on 25 March 2014 at St Anne's College, University of Oxford. This recording begins with a lecture by Cathrine Thorleifsson (Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies) on 'Coping strategies among self-settled Syrians in Lebanon.' It continues with a lecture by Dina Jane Kiwan (American University of Beirut) on 'Constructions of ‘refugees' through cultural expression: Syrian refugees in Lebanon.' Next, Ruba Al Akash (Jordan University of Science and Technology) and Karen Boswall present their work on 'Listening to the voices of Syrian women refugees in Jordan: ethnographies of displacement and emplacement', which includes video interviews with Syrian refugees in Jordan. The videos can be found here on the RSC YouTube page: http://www.youtube.com/user/RefugeeStudiesCentre. The recording finishes with a lecture by Veronica Ferreri (School of Oriental and African Studies) on '"Khidan li-Adhan… walls have ears" even in the diaspora: Syrians in London.'

RSC 2014 Conference: Refugee Voices. Lectures by Louise Newman; Julian Caruana and Alexia Rossi; Devorah Wainer; and Mollie Gerver. Recorded on 25 March 2014 at St Anne's College, University of Oxford. This recording begins with a lecture by Professor Louise Newman of Monash University on 'Beyond the Island - experiences of asylum seekers in Australia'. Psychologists Julian Caruana and Alexia Rossi are next, with a joint lecture on 'Responding to mental health vulnerability in Maltese detention centres: the use of psychological support groups as an intervention tool'. Devorah Wainer (Sydney University) follows with 'The voice of the silenced in the Australian detention system'. Mollie Gerver (London School of Economics) ends the recording with her talk on 'Deportation of Sudanese children by Israel'.

RSC 2014 Conference: Refugee Voices. Lecture by Dr Jeff Crisp (Refugees International) with an introduction by Professor Dawn Chatty, Director of the RSC. Recorded on 24 March 2014 at St Anne's College, University of Oxford. Jeff Crisp was appointed to the position of Senior Director at Refugees International in Washington DC in September 2013. Previously, he served as Head of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service at the headquarters of UNHCR in Geneva, a position that he held since 2006. Dr Crisp has also held senior positions with the Global Commission on International Migration, where he served as Director of Policy and Research; the Independent Commission on International Humanitarian issues; and the British Refugee Council. Dr Crisp has first-hand experience of refugee situations and humanitarian operations in more than 60 countries around the world, has published and lectured extensively on refugee, humanitarian, and migration issues, as well as African affairs, and was responsible for the publication of two editions of UNHCR's flagship publication, 'The State of the World's Refugees'. A volume of Dr Crisp's work has been published as an open-access e-book titled ‘Asylum, migration and humanitarian action: a collection of papers on refugee-related issues'. Dr Crisp's most recent work has focused on the issues of refugee protection and solutions in urban areas, protracted refugee situations, the linkage between refugee protection and international migration, refugee return and reintegration, the gap between humanitarian relief and development aid, and the Syrian refugee crisis. A British national, he has a master's degree and a PhD in African Studies and Political Science from the University of Birmingham.

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Dr Anne Hammerstad (University of Kent), recorded on 12 March 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. In this presentation, Dr Hammerstad discusses the rise and decline of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as a global security actor. She follows the refugee agency through some of the major conflict-induced humanitarian crises and complex emergencies of the past two decades, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Iraq, Kosovo and eastern Zaire/Congo. In the 1990s UNHCR went through a momentous transformation from a small, timid legal protection agency to the world's foremost humanitarian actor playing a central role in the international response to the many wars of the tumultuous last decade of the twentieth century. Then, as the twenty-first century set in, the agency's political prominence waned. It remains a major humanitarian actor, but the polarised post-9/11 period, concern over shrinking 'humanitarian space', and a worsening protection climate for refugees and asylum seekers spurred UNHCR to abandon its claim to be a global security actor and return to a more modest, quietly diplomatic role. Dr Hammerstad investigates UNHCR's response to this new international environment, and why it adopted, adapted and finally abandoned a security discourse on the refugee problem. Her presentation is based on the findings in her newly published book, The Rise and Decline of a Global Security Actor: UNHCR, Refugee Protection, and Security (Oxford University Press).

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Professor Gregor Noll (Lund University) recorded on 5 March 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Asylum applications by young persons may raise the question whether the applicant is a minor or not. Being a minor offers advantages in the asylum procedure, such as access to procedural benefits and safeguards, the exemption from removal to other EU Member States under the Dublin Regulation, and a much higher likelihood of being granted protection as an ‘unaccompanied minor'. Host states are interested in limiting the group to which those advantages apply so as to minimise costs and to avoid what has been termed ‘pull effects' on future asylum seekers. In cases where applicants arrive without documents, or hold documents deemed unreliable, there are no formal or historical sources that may alleviate or confirm this doubt. So decision takers speculate on what age the applicant's biological or intellectual development might indicate. Frequently, they resort to medical age assessments in such situations.In this seminar, Professor Noll pursues the question of how skeletal x-ray images are translated into medical and legal knowledge and what role aesthetic judgment plays in this translation. He focuses in particular on the interplay between law and medicine in this translation process.

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Dr Chaloka Beyani (London School of Economics and the United Nations). Recorded on 26 February 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. In this seminar, Dr Beyani explores the results of his research into the right to seek and obtain asylum under African human rights instruments, also contained in his recent book Protection of the Right to Seek and Obtain Asylum Under the African Human Rights System (Brill | Nijhoff 2013). The use of international human rights machinery to protect refugees has acquired an important dimension in recent years. This is true of both the United Nations treaty body system and the African, European and Inter-American regional systems of human rights. The result is a dynamic international invigoration of traditional refugee law that, in contradistinction, tends to be applied at the level of national courts and tribunals. Yet the precise role of human rights in the protection of refugees is sometimes viewed with suspicion and uncertainty. This commentary provides a valuable insight into the use of human rights in the protection of refugees through the prism of the African human rights system.

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Jean-François Durieux (RSC and the Graduate Institute, Geneva) recorded on 12 February 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. What special sense of duty connects us to those people whom we call refugees, and how does this duty translate into asylum? What does the practice of asylum tell us about who we are, as individuals as well as members of political communities? How does one morally justify the special concern we feel for, and consequently the privileged treatment we give, refugees as compared with other foreigners in need? Revisiting the main features of the ethical debate over asylum and refugeehood, Mr Durieux argues that there cannot be one coherent set of answers to these questions, because in today's world the concepts of ‘refugee' and ‘asylum' describe not one, but three distinct realities. The 1951 Refugee Convention provides a coherent framework to explain the first asylum paradigm, centered on admission and on the figure of the refugee as a ‘moral comrade'. The concept of persecution, emphasising the prohibition of discrimination and the identifying value of tolerance, is key to understanding this first paradigm. However, one must acknowledge that a proper understanding of the moral duty to admit and integrate refugees does not suffice to explain contemporary state practice in dealing with the ‘refugee problem' as a matter of solidarity. Mr Durieux also discusses two additional asylum paradigms at work in today's world: one takes disaster as a motivation for action, and rescue as the underpinning moral and legal imperative; and the other rests upon a duty not to return individuals to specific forms of danger, absent affinity or even compassion. He examines some of the impacts which the co-existence of these three paradigms has on the global refugee regime, and their implications for law- and policy-making on asylum, both within and among states.

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Jason Pobjoy (Blackstone Chambers) recorded on 5 February 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. International law has played an important role in advancing the rights of refugee children. In this seminar Mr Pobjoy considers how international refugee law and international law on the rights of the child might be creatively aligned to respond to the reality that a child seeking international protection is both a child and a refugee. Specifically, he examines three contexts – defined as ‘modes of interaction' – where the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) might be engaged to assist in determining the status of a child seeking international protection. First, the CRC may provide procedural guarantees not otherwise provided under international refugee law. Secondly, the CRC may be invoked as an interpretative aid to inform the interpretation of the Refugee Convention, and in particular the Article 1 definition. Thirdly, the CRC may give rise to an independent source of status outside the international refugee protection regime. These three modes of interaction provide a ‘child rights framework' for assessing the status of a refugee child.

Public Seminar Series, Hilary term 2014. Seminar by Dr Ana Aliverti (Warwick School of Law) recorded on 29 January 2014 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Fifteen years have passed since the High Court delivered the ground-breaking decision in Adimi [1999], in which Lord Justice Brown called attention to the scarce observance of Article 31 of the Refugee Convention in domestic criminal proceedings against asylum seekers arriving in Britain, or en route to another country, without proper documents. In response to the judgment, the British Parliament incorporated section 31 in the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999, providing for a defence for refugees against certain criminal charges under a number of conditions. While the then Attorney General stated that only meritorious cases would be prosecuted, recent Court of Appeal decisions (R v MV and others [2010]; R v Adom (Bismark) [2013]; R v Mateta and others [2013]) suggest that successful asylum claimants continue to be prosecuted for their illegal entry into or transit through Britain. Indeed, even if there are no precise figures about the number of asylum seekers who have been prosecuted in such circumstances, the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) considered that the number of cases referred to it revealed a ‘significant and potentially widespread misunderstanding or abuse of the law' (CCRC, 2012: 15). Although these judicial developments concern cases at the appeal stage, little is known about the everyday work of the lower criminal courts and how working practices of prosecutors, defence lawyers and the judiciary influence the handling of cases involving asylum seekers accused of immigration-related crimes. Dr Aliverti argues that the examination of those practices can shed light on the reasons for the continuing criminalisation of asylum seekers, and perhaps the key to its undoing.

Annual Harrell-Bond Lecture 2010 by António Guterres (UN High Commisioner for Refugees) recorded on 13 October 2010 at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History The RSC was delighted to host António Guterres, High Commissioner for Refugees, to present the eleventh Annual Harrell-Bond Lecture. The lecture examines current trends in relation to forced migration with a specific focus on the challenges and opportunities confronting the UNHCR.