Podcasts about Convention

The time is once again upon us to host the annual CCM Convention at Mohegan Sun Convention Center. And while we'd like to think that the nearly 1000 people who congregate each year are coming just to see the fine folks at CCM, they're really coming for the packed exhibit hall, the ample networking time, and of course, CCM's educational workshops. Today, we're talking with Paige Bronk, a Planning Section Manager for M&J Engineering and one of our workshop hosts, to discuss why the convention is important for municipal officials and businesses alike.

To mark 400 episodes of the USEA Official Podcast, we are shining a light on the heart of the sport. The voices, stories and experiences that make US eventing what it is. In this special episode, USEA CEO Rob Burk reflects on the vision behind the podcast, the power of transparency and community, and the shared passion that connects riders across the country. We also hear from two riders within the eventing family, whose journeys remind us why this sport matters and who inspire us with resilience, grit and joy in the process - Rebecca Barber Tyler, event rider and business owner, reflecting on her journey, her cancer diagnosis and recovery, and her role in the sport today, and Miriam Keefer, a rising star at just 16, sharing how she discovered eventing in a totally different setting and how she's now competing and setting her sights on the future. In addition, we talk to this year's Keynote speaker at the USEA Annual Meeting & Convention, Natalie Hummel, to hear more about her work in the space of coaching riders on how to be their best mentally and how it can have an outward effect on their performance in the saddle.  This episode is a celebration of the people who make eventing special and a thank you to everyone who has listened, supported and shared their experiences along the way. Here's to 400 episodes, and to everything still to come.

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Dans cet épisode du podcast de la JLMB, l'avocat Patrick Henry aborde le sujet suivant : la rupture d'une convention d'abonnement entre un avocat et son client. Ce sujet est traité dans les numéros 37/2025 de la JLMB. Suivez ce lien pour consulter la version numérique : https://bit.ly/3kI5YFPHébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

MeidasTouch host Ben Meiselas reports on Donald Trump getting rebuked by Pope Leo XIV and Leo's Convention of Bishops and Cardinals inside the United States in the most powerful denunciation by the Catholic Church of a sitting President in the history of the United States. Visit https://EverydayDose.com/mtbogo for more details! Visit https://meidasplus.com for more! Remember to subscribe to ALL the MeidasTouch Network Podcasts: MeidasTouch: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/meidastouch-podcast Legal AF: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/legal-af MissTrial: https://meidasnews.com/tag/miss-trial The PoliticsGirl Podcast: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-politicsgirl-podcast The Influence Continuum: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-influence-continuum-with-dr-steven-hassan Mea Culpa with Michael Cohen: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/mea-culpa-with-michael-cohen The Weekend Show: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/the-weekend-show Burn the Boats: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/burn-the-boats Majority 54: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/majority-54 Political Beatdown: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/political-beatdown On Democracy with FP Wellman: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/on-democracy-with-fpwellman Uncovered: https://www.meidastouch.com/tag/maga-uncovered Coalition of the Sane: https://meidasnews.com/tag/coalition-of-the-sane Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Once upon a time, there was a movie that would reset the DCEU and chart a course to new stories, new conflicts, and new leadership. The movie was Black Adam... and it didn't do those things. Still, PhantasticGeek.com's Pete and Matt say the magic words!Thanks as always to everyone who supports the podcast by visiting Patreon.com/PhantasticGeek.Share your feedback by emailing PhantasticGeek@gmail.com, commenting at PhantasticGeek.com, or tweeting @PhantasticGeek.MP3

Immerse yourself in captivating science fiction short stories, delivered daily! Explore futuristic worlds, time travel, alien encounters, and mind-bending adventures. Perfect for sci-fi lovers looking for a quick and engaging listen each day.

For the latest and most important news of the day | https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca To watch daily news videos, follow us on YouTube | https://www.youtube.com/@CdnPress The Canadian Press on X (formerly Twitter) | https://twitter.com/CdnPressNews The Canadian Press on LinkedIn | https://linkedin.com/showcase/98791543

For the latest and most important news of the day | https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca To watch daily news videos, follow us on YouTube | https://www.youtube.com/@CdnPress The Canadian Press on X (formerly Twitter) | https://twitter.com/CdnPressNews The Canadian Press on LinkedIn | https://linkedin.com/showcase/98791543

November 14, 2025 - BC landed two new spots on the Prime Minister's major projects list, what does it mean and what does it do for the provincial economy? Plus, an extended consultation on changes to the Heritage Conservation Act ends with UBCM saying local governments can't support the proposal — what position does that put the premier in? In an audio podcast extra, we look ahead to the BC NDP weekend convention. Host Rob Shaw is joined by Mike McKinnon, Allie Blades and Jillian Oliver. Brought to you by Uber Canada.

Guests - Karli Dinardo and Tatiana NuñezHosted By - Courtney Ortiz and Lesley MealorIn Episode 241 of Making The Impact - A Dance Competition Podcast, we take an inside look at a day in the life of a Broadway dancer. Karli Dinardo and Tatiana Nuñez give us the scoop on everything from booking the gig to what it's like to be in a long-running show.Topics Include: The audition process for Broadway How to take care of yourself on two show days and 8 shows a week What other responsibilities might be included in a Broadway dance jobHelp support our podcast! Join Making The Impact's Platinum Premium Subscription today! Your membership includes:Monthly Q&A episodes released to members onlyPriority to have your questions answered each month on the live Q&A.Ad-free listening for all of Seasons 4 through 7. No sponsored ads!20% off all IDA MerchandiseExclusive bonus content released throughout the yearDiscounted IDA Online CritiqueGroup Zoom check-ins 3x per season with Courtney Ortiz!Your support helps us produce future episodes of Making The Impact for years to come!Making The Impact's Platinum Premium - Sign up now for only $5/month!Follow your Hosts & Guests!Courtney Ortiz - @courtney.ortizLesley Mealor - @miss.lesley.danceKarli Dinardo - @karlidinardoTatiana Nuñez - @tatinunez143This episode is sponsored by:Check out IDA-affiliated event Uproar Dance Competition and Convention! Find out more about their 2025-2026 season at www.danceuproar.comCheck out our service: IDA Online Judge's CritiquesSend us a video of your dance and an IDA Judge will critique your routine! You can request a genre-specific specialty judge or add on 10 minutes of additional feedback. 24 hour rush delivery available! Submit your video now! Join our FREE Facebook Group and connect with us! Making The Impact - A Dance Competition Podcast Community Leave us a review on Apple Podcasts! We would love to hear from you! Join our Newsletter for weekly episode releases straight to your inbox! Follow Impact Dance Adjudicators on social media @impactdanceadjudicators and for a list of IDA Affiliated dance competitions, visit our website at www.impactdanceadjudicators.comSupport the show

Two new studies challenge common assumptions: intensity may matter more than volume for healthy aging, and triathlete injury patterns aren't what most coaches would predict. We unpack what this means for training prescription, and why neuromuscular and strength work belong in every plan. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Rebel News podcasts features free audio-only versions of select RebelNews+ content and other Rebel News long-form videos, livestreams, and interviews. Monday to Friday enjoy the audio version of Ezra Levant's daily TV-style show, The Ezra Levant Show, where Ezra gives you his contrarian and conservative take on free speech, politics, and foreign policy through in-depth commentary and interviews. Wednesday evenings you can listen to the audio version of The Gunn Show with Sheila Gunn Reid the Chief Reporter of Rebel News. Sheila brings a western sensibility to Canadian news. With one foot in the oil patch and one foot in agriculture, Sheila challenges mainstream media narratives and stands up for Albertans. If you want to watch the video versions of these podcasts, make sure to begin your free RebelNewsPlus trial by subscribing at http://www.RebelNewsPlus.com

On November 13, 2025, the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs heard from the public on Convention of States Action's Article V application as well as other legislation. Several volunteers with the COS Massachusetts team gave proponent testimony and answered questions from the committee. Opponent testimony was presented by several lobbyists, including Common Cause, the ACLU, the AFL-CIO, and Reproductive Equity Now. COSA President Mark Meckler also testified remotely. After the hearing, Andrew Lusch shared a recap and reaction before getting a live report from the Massachusetts capitol with Regional Director Haley Shaw. Watch COS LIVE Take Action

In this episode, we are honoring the 2025 inductees into the Shortline Legends Hall of Fame. Farm Equipment Editor and Publisher Mike Lessiter and Executive Editor Kim Schmidt honored this year's class in front of their peers during the Farm Equipment Manufacturers Assn.'s Fall Convention in Las Vegas.

Hotel Pacifico was created by Air Quotes Media with support from our presenting sponsor TELUS, as well as FortisBC, BC Dairy and Port of Vancouver.With Mike away, Geoff will play. And with the B.C. NDP's convention coming up this weekend, Geoff welcomes NDP veteran Raj Sihota for a deep dive. Leadership review coming? Snap election?Then two sharp-eyed Leg reporters , CBC's Katie Derosa and CP's Wolfgang Depner, join Geoff to tell us what they're seeing in the strife-torn Opposition, with demands for John Rustad's resignation, a new Green leader finding her feet and much more.

La mer Caspienne est un cas unique au monde : immense étendue d'eau fermée, elle est qualifiée de mer par son nom, mais de lac par sa géographie. Pourtant, d'un point de vue juridique international, elle n'est ni tout à fait l'un ni l'autre.Située entre la Russie, le Kazakhstan, le Turkménistan, l'Azerbaïdjan et l'Iran, la mer Caspienne est un bassin endoréique : elle n'a aucune communication naturelle avec les océans. Selon la géographie physique, c'est donc un lac salé, le plus grand du monde, avec une superficie de 370 000 km². Mais sa salinité (autour de 12 g/l) et son immense taille ont longtemps nourri l'ambiguïté : historiquement, les peuples riverains l'ont appelée “mer”, et les cartes l'ont toujours représentée ainsi.La vraie question, toutefois, est politico-juridique. Car si la Caspienne est une mer, elle relève du droit maritime international, notamment de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (dite de Montego Bay, 1982). Dans ce cas, chaque pays riverain aurait une zone économique exclusive et un plateau continental, avec des droits d'exploitation sur le pétrole et le gaz situés dans sa partie. Si, en revanche, on la considère comme un lac, il faut la partager selon des règles spécifiques de droit interne entre États, par des accords bilatéraux ou multilatéraux.Pendant des décennies, cette ambiguïté a provoqué des tensions diplomatiques. L'effondrement de l'URSS en 1991 a tout compliqué : de deux États riverains (URSS et Iran), on est passé à cinq. Chacun voulait défendre sa part des immenses gisements d'hydrocarbures sous le fond caspien. L'enjeu était colossal.Après des années de négociations, un compromis a été trouvé en 2018 avec la Convention d'Aktau, signée par les cinq pays. Elle a établi un statut hybride :La mer Caspienne n'est ni un océan ni un lac au sens strict.Son eau de surface est partagée comme celle d'une mer, ouverte à la navigation commune.Mais son fond marin (où se trouvent les ressources) est divisé entre les États, comme pour un lac.Ainsi, la Caspienne bénéficie d'un régime juridique sui generis, c'est-à-dire unique en son genre. Ce statut permet à chacun des pays riverains d'exploiter ses ressources tout en maintenant une souveraineté partagée sur l'ensemble. En somme, la mer Caspienne est juridiquement… un peu des deux : une mer par son nom et ses usages, un lac par sa nature, et un compromis diplomatique par nécessité. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

You can send a text, include contact info to get a response. The Convention of Plesswitz ends and war begins again August 11.  The focus is on driving Napoleon out of Germany and then the action turns to Scandinavia, to include Danish Holstein, with most of the focus on Norway.Napoleon's desperate attempts to defend Saxony end at the biggest battle in European history to that time.Allied war aims are becoming public, but there seems a disconnect between stated objectives and the reality of how things work out on the ground in Scandinavia, particularly for Norway.  Could there be hypocrisy?  No, never.  Power politics dominating our ideals?  Norway's war of Independence and the 17th of May, with the new constitution signed at Eidsvoll gets a look in the later half of the episode.  Before that we look at Bernadotte, Karl Johan or Charles John, the new crown prince and how Alexander actually wants HIM as the new king of France.  Bernadotte made various efforts to put himself forward and build a following in France, this is just a fascinating what if. 

Karen Chaton catches us up on their latest "Adventures," including her completion of two back-to-back 50-mile rides at the Red Rock Rumble and LTH Octoberfest, where her horse Jovi earned his first 1,000 AERC miles. In the Endurance Tip Karen reviews the Garmin Venu X1. AERC Director Connie Caudill shares updates on the AERC National Convention and the 2026 National Championship at Old Dominion; and Kayti Curtis, who is currently leading the AERC National Best Condition Championship for 2025 with her horse Casper the Ghostly Horse, discussing her successful season and her relationship with her "rockstar" partner. HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3816 – Show Notes and Links:Hosts: Glenn the Geek and Karen ChatonTitle Sponsor: The Arabian Horse AssociationGuest: Kristen at The Distance DepotGuest: Connie Caudill - AERC National Convention Guest: Kayti Curtis and her horse Casper the Ghostly HorseLink: Garmin® Venu® X1Support for this podcast provided by: Chewy, The Distance Depot, Chewy, and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:02:40 - Karen's 50 mile rides14:00 - Garmin Venu X1 review25:49 - Kristen at The Distance Depot32:50 - Connie Caudill48:16 - Kayti Curtis

Karen Chaton catches us up on their latest "Adventures," including her completion of two back-to-back 50-mile rides at the Red Rock Rumble and LTH Octoberfest, where her horse Jovi earned his first 1,000 AERC miles. In the Endurance Tip Karen reviews the Garmin Venu X1. AERC Director Connie Caudill shares updates on the AERC National Convention and the 2026 National Championship at Old Dominion; and Kayti Curtis, who is currently leading the AERC National Best Condition Championship for 2025 with her horse Casper the Ghostly Horse, discussing her successful season and her relationship with her "rockstar" partner. HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3816 – Show Notes and Links:Hosts: Glenn the Geek and Karen ChatonTitle Sponsor: The Arabian Horse AssociationGuest: Kristen at The Distance DepotGuest: Connie Caudill - AERC National Convention Guest: Kayti Curtis and her horse Casper the Ghostly HorseLink: Garmin® Venu® X1Support for this podcast provided by: Chewy, The Distance Depot, Chewy, and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:02:40 - Karen's 50 mile rides14:00 - Garmin Venu X1 review25:49 - Kristen at The Distance Depot32:50 - Connie Caudill48:16 - Kayti Curtis

In this podcast episode, fangirl Jillian and her husband Tyler step inside the world of Maxton Hall—The World Between Us - where the secrets are messy, the gazes are smoldering, and the rich-kid drama is juicy. Before they get to the episode, Jillian dishes on her weekend in Wilmington at the One Tree Hill convention where she celebrated Villaween, met the cast, and attended the Drama Queens finale live show.We break down Season 1 of the hit Prime Video series, from Ruby Bell's scholarship-girl grit to James Beaufort's emotionally unavailable billionaire vibes that had us both screaming at the TV.We dive into the enemies-to-lovers tension, the chemistry that doesn't quit and ALL THAT DRAMA that makes this show so bingeable and nostalgic.00:00:00 Maxton Hall reenactment - "You can't date a Harry Styles and think no one will notice"00:01:35 Intro to podcast00:01:55 Captions or dubbing00:03:17 One Tree Hill convention00:08:51 Maxton Hall - German show set in the UK00:12:34 Enemies to lovers00:17:21 Swoon worthy moments for Ruby and James00:25:04 Top 5 most dramatic twists in season 100:25:55 Teacher student romantic relationship00:30:05 Ruby's water trauma - dad and family00:34:30 Lydia is pregnant00:38:20 Mortimer Beaufort threatens James and Ruby00:45:11 Cordelia Beaufort passes away00:52:48 Dramione fan fiction00:54:48 Tyler's Takes00:55:00 Should Ruby have accepted the bribe?00:55:55 Stripper prank in first episode00:57:48 Harry Potter looking Kieran loves Ruby00:58:18 Maxton Hall school uniforms00:59:08 Beaufort family slow motion01:00:01 How did Lydia and Mr. Sutton meet?01:00:46 Alistair storyline01:02:07 Oxford question - How many people are in the room?01:03:58 Ruby's sister and Young BeaufortBuy our merch: ⁠https://www.etsy.com/shop/PreviouslyOnTeenTV⁠Follow Previously On Teen TV on Instagram: ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/previouslyon_teentv/Follow Previously On Teen TV on TikTok: ⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@previouslyon_teentv⁠⁠Subscribe to our YouTube: ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCe2lgvvZGKMrQ8v24FmDdWQ?sub_confirmation=1⁠

C dans l'air l'invité du 10 novembre 2025 avec Cyril Dion, cinéaste, essayiste et militant écologiste. Son film "Demain", coréalisé avec Mélanie Laurent, ressort en salles 10 ans après. Il publie également La lutte enchantée, aux éditions Actes Sud.Du 10 au 21 novembre, 170 pays se réunissent à Belém au Brésil pour la Cop30. Ces Etats ont signé la Convention cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques. Comme un retour aux sources, car cette dernière avait déjà été adoptée au Brésil, à Rio de Janeiro, en 1992 lors du Sommet de la Terre. La COP-30 se tient dans un contexte difficile en raison du retrait américain de l'accord de Paris, des attaques contre le multilatéralisme et contre le consensus scientifique sur l'origine humaine du changement climatique. Le but de cette Cop30 est de rendre plus concrète la lutte contre le changement climatique avec des propositions pour mettre fin à la déforestation d'ici 2030, accélérer la transition énergétique mondiale, et abandonner progressivement les combustibles fossiles, tout en essayant de l'inscrire dans une transition juste socialement. Lula, le président brésilien, l'appelle la « COP de la vérité », elle doit permettre d'évaluer la crédibilité des promesses.Cyril Dion, cinéaste, essayiste et militant écologiste, coréalisateur de "Demain", avec Mélanie Laurent, et auteur de l'ouvrage "La lutte enchantée", aux éditions Actes Sud, est notre invité. Il nous fera part de ses attentes quant à la Cop30, et à la "diplomatie du climat". « Les COP ne vont pas miraculeusement définir un nouvel agenda compatible avec les limites planétaires », a-t-il écrit dans une tribune au Monde aujourd'hui...Lui qui préfère "proposer les solutions pour ce nouveau monde", plutôt que de "rabâcher la catastrophe".

News, interviews and fun from the 2025 convention in Harrogate of the Ladies Association of British Barbershop Singers

Last time we spoke about the Changsha fire. Chiang Kai-shek faced a brutal choice: defend Wuhan to the last man or flood the land to slow the invaders. He chose both, pushing rivers and rallying a fractured army as Japanese forces pressed along the Yangtze. Fortresses at Madang held long, but the cost was high—troops lost, civilians displaced, a city's heart burning in the night. Wuhan fell after months of brutal fighting, yet the battle did not break China's will. Mao Zedong urged strategy over martyrdom, preferring to drain the enemy and buy time for a broader struggle. The Japanese, though victorious tactically, found their strength ebbing, resource strains, supply gaps, and a war that felt endless. In the wake of Wuhan, Changsha stood next in the Japanese crosshairs, its evacuation and a devastating fire leaving ash and memory in its wake. Behind these prices, political currents swirled. Wang Jingwei defected again, seeking power beyond Chiang's grasp, while Chongqing rose as a western bastion of resistance. The war hardened into a protracted stalemate, turning Japan from an aggressive assailant into a wary occupier, and leaving China to endure, persist, and fight on.   #175  The Soviet-Japanese Border Conflicts Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So based on the title of this one, you probably can see we are taking a bit of a detour. For quite some time we have focused on the Japanese campaigns into China proper 1937-1938. Now the way the second sino-japanese war is traditionally broken down is in phases. 1937-1938, 1939-1942 and 1942-1945. However there is actually even more going on in China aside from the war with Japan. In Xinjiang province a large full blown Islamic revolution breaks out in 1937. We will be covering that story at a later date, but another significant event is escalating border skirmishes in Manchukuo. Now these border skirmishes had been raging ever since the USSR consolidated its hold over the far east. We talked about some of those skirmishes prior to the Sino-Soviet war in 1929. However when Japan created the puppet government of Manchukuo, this was a significant escalation in tensions with the reds. Today we are going to talk about the escalating border conflicts between the Soviets and Japan. A tongue of poorly demarcated land extends southeast from Hunchun, hugging the east bank of the Tumen River between Lake Khasan to the east and Korea to the west. Within this tongue stands Changkufeng Hill, one of a long chain of highlands sweeping from upstream along the rivers and moors toward the sea. The twin-peaked hill sits at the confluence area several miles northwest of the point where Manchuria, Korea, and the Russian Far East meet. The hill's shape reminded Koreans of their changgo, which is a long snare drum constricted at the center and tapped with the hands at each end. When the Manchus came to the Tumen, they rendered the phonetic sounds into three ideographic characters meaning "taut drum peaks" or Chang-ku-feng. The Japanese admired the imagery and preserved the Chinese readings, which they pronounce Cho-ko-ho. From their eastern vantage, the Russians called it Zaozernaya, "hill behind the lake." Soviet troops referred to it as a sugar-loaf hill. For many years, natives and a handful of officials in the region cultivated a relaxed attitude toward borders and sovereignty. Even after the Japanese seized Manchuria in 1931, the issue did not immediately come to a head. With the expansion of Manchukuo and the Soviet Far East under Stalin's Five-Year plans, both sides began to attend more closely to frontier delimitation. Whenever either party acted aggressively, force majeure was invoked to justify the unexpected and disruptive events recognized in international law. Most often, these incidents erupted along the eastern Manchurian borders with the USSR or along the 350-mile frontier south of Lake Khanka, each skirmish carrying the seeds of all-out warfare. Now we need to talk a little bit about border history. The borders in question essentially dated to pacts concluded by the Qing dynasty and the Tsardom. Between the first Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 and the Mukden Agreement of 1924, there were over a dozen accords governing the borders. Relevant to Changkufeng were the basic 15-article Convention of Peking, supplementing the Tientsin Treaties of November 1860, some maps made in 1861, and the eight-article Hunchun Border Protocol of 1886. By the 1860 treaty, the Qing ceded to Tsarist Russia the entire maritime province of Siberia, but the meaning of "lands south of Lake Khanka" remained rather vague. Consequently, a further border agreement was negotiated in June 1861 known as "the Lake Khanka Border Pact", by which demarcations were drawn on maps and eight wooden markers erected. The border was to run from Khanka along ridgelines between the Hunchun River and the sea, past Suifenho and Tungning, terminating about 6 miles from the mouth of the Tumen. Then a Russo-Chinese commission established in 1886 drew up the Hunchun Border Pact, proposing new or modified markers along the 1860–1861 lines and arranging a Russian resurvey. However, for the Japanese, in 1938, the Chinese or Manchu texts of the 1886 Hunchun agreement were considered controlling. The Soviets argued the border ran along every summit west of Khasan, thereby granting them jurisdiction over at least the eastern slopes of all elevations, including Changkufeng and Shachaofeng.  Since the Qing dynasty and the house of Romanov were already defunct, the new sovereignties publicly appealed to opposing texts, and the Soviet side would not concede that the Russian-language version had never been deemed binding by the Qing commissioners. Yet, even in 1938, the Japanese knew that only the Chinese text had survived or could be located.    Now both the Chinese and Russian military maps generally drew the frontier along the watershed east of Khasan; this aligned with the 1861 readings based on the Khanka agreement. The Chinese Republican Army conducted new surveys sometime between 1915 and 1920. The latest Chinese military map of the Changkufeng area drew the border considerably closer to the old "red line" of 1886, running west of Khasan but near the shore rather than traversing the highland crests. None of the military delimitations of the border was sanctified by an official agreement. Hence, the Hunchun Protocol, whether well known or not, invaluable or worthless, remained the only government-to-government pact dealing with the frontiers.  Before we jump into it, how about a little summary of what became known as the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts. The first major conflict would obviously be the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Following years of conflict between the Russian Empire and Japan culminating in the costly Battle of Tsushima, Tsar Nicholas II's government sought peace, recognizing Japan's claims to Korea and agreeing to evacuate Manchuria.  From 1918 to 1920, the Imperial Japanese Army, under Emperor Taishō after the death of Meiji, assisted the White Army and Alexander Kerensky against the Bolshevik Red Army. They also aided the Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia to facilitate its return to Europe after an Austrian-Hungarian armoured train purportedly went astray. By 1920, with Austria-Hungary dissolved and Czechoslovakia established two years earlier, the Czechoslovak Legion reached Europe. Japan withdrew from the Russian Revolution and the Civil War in 1922. Following Japan's 1919-1920 occupations and the Soviet intervention in Mongolia in 1921, the Republic of China also withdrew from Outer Mongolia in 1921. In 1922, after capturing Vladivostok in 1918 to halt Bolshevik advances, Japanese forces retreated to Japan as Bolshevik power grew and the postwar fatigue among combatants increased. After Hirohito's invasion of Manchuria in 1931–1932, following Taishō's death in 1926, border disputes between Manchukuo, the Mongolian People's Republic, and the Soviet Union increased. Many clashes stemmed from poorly defined borders, though some involved espionage. Between 1932 and 1934, the Imperial Japanese Army reported 152 border disputes, largely tied to Soviet intelligence activity in Manchuria, while the Soviets accused Japan of 15 border violations, six air intrusions, and 20 cases of "spy smuggling" in 1933 alone. Numerous additional violations followed in the ensuing years. By the mid-1930s, Soviet-Japanese diplomacy and trust had deteriorated further, with the Japanese being openly labeled "fascist enemies" at the Seventh Comintern Congress in July 1935. Beginning in 1935, conflicts significantly escalated. On 8 January 1935, the first armed clash, known as the Halhamiao incident, took place on the border between Mongolia and Manchukuo. Several dozen cavalrymen of the Mongolian People's Army crossed into Manchuria near disputed fishing grounds and engaged an 11‑man Manchukuo Imperial Army patrol near the Buddhist temple at Halhamiao, led by a Japanese military advisor. The Manchukuo Army sustained 6 wounded and 2 dead, including the Japanese officer; the Mongols suffered no casualties and withdrew after the Japanese sent a punitive expedition to reclaim the area. Two motorized cavalry companies, a machine‑gun company, and a tankette platoon occupied the position for three weeks without resistance. In June 1935, the first direct exchange of fire between the Japanese and Soviets occurred when an 11‑man Japanese patrol west of Lake Khanka was attacked by six Soviet horsemen, reportedly inside Manchukuo territory. In the firefight, one Soviet soldier was killed and two horses were captured. The Japanese requested a joint investigation, but the Soviets rejected the proposal. In October 1935, nine Japanese and 32 Manchukuoan border guards were establishing a post about 20 kilometers north of Suifenho when they were attacked by 50 Soviet soldiers. The Soviets opened fire with rifles and five heavy machine guns. Two Japanese and four Manchukuoan soldiers were killed, and another five were wounded. The Manchukuoan foreign affairs representative lodged a verbal protest with the Soviet consul at Suifenho. The Kwantung Army of Japan also sent an intelligence officer to investigate the clash. On 19 December 1935, a Manchukuoan unit reconnoitering southwest of Buir Lake clashed with a Mongolian party, reportedly capturing 10 soldiers. Five days later, 60 truck‑borne Mongolian troops assaulted the Manchukuoans and were repulsed, at the cost of three Manchukuoan dead. On the same day, at Brunders, Mongolian forces attempted three times to drive out Manchukuoan outposts, and again at night, but all attempts failed. Further small attempts occurred in January, with Mongolians using airplanes for reconnaissance. The arrival of a small Japanese force in three trucks helped foil these attempts; casualties occurred on both sides, though Mongolian casualties are unknown aside from 10 prisoners taken. In February 1936, Lieutenant-Colonel Sugimoto Yasuo was ordered to form a detachment from the 14th Cavalry Regiment to "drive the Outer Mongol intruders from the Olankhuduk region," a directive attributed to Lieutenant-General Kasai Heijuro. Sugimoto's detachment included cavalry guns, heavy machine guns, and tankettes. They faced a force of about 140 Mongolians equipped with heavy machine guns and light artillery. On February 12, Sugimoto's men drove the Mongolians south, at the cost of eight Japanese killed, four wounded, and one tankette destroyed. The Japanese began to withdraw, but were attacked by 5–6 Mongolian armored cars and two bombers, which briefly disrupted the column. The situation was stabilized when the Japanese unit received artillery support, allowing them to destroy or repel the armored cars. In March 1936, the Tauran incident occurred. In this clash, both the Japanese Army and the Mongolian Army deployed a small number of armored fighting vehicles and aircraft. The incident began when 100 Mongolian and six Soviet troops attacked and occupied the disputed village of Tauran, Mongolia, driving off the small Manchurian garrison. They were supported by light bombers and armored cars, though the bombing sorties failed to inflict damage on the Japanese, and three bombers were shot down by Japanese heavy machine guns. Local Japanese forces counter-attacked, conducting dozens of bombing sorties and finally assaulting Tauran with 400 men and 10 tankettes. The result was a Mongolian rout, with 56 Mongolian soldiers killed, including three Soviet advisors, and an unknown number wounded. Japanese losses were 27 killed and 9 wounded. Later in March 1936, another border clash occurred between Japanese and Soviet forces. Reports of border violations prompted the Japanese Korean Army to send ten men by truck to investigate, but the patrol was ambushed by 20 Soviet NKVD soldiers deployed about 300 meters inside territory claimed by Japan. After suffering several casualties, the Japanese patrol withdrew and was reinforced with 100 men, who then drove off the Soviets. Fighting resumed later that day when the NKVD brought reinforcements. By nightfall, the fighting had ceased and both sides had pulled back. The Soviets agreed to return the bodies of two Japanese soldiers who had died in the fighting, a development viewed by the Japanese government as encouraging. In early April 1936, three Japanese soldiers were killed near Suifenho in another minor affray. This incident was notable because the Soviets again returned the bodies of the fallen servicemen. In June 1937, the Kanchazu Island incident occurred on the Amur River along the Soviet–Manchukuo border. Three Soviet gunboats crossed the river's center line, disembarked troops, and occupied Kanchazu Island. Japanese forces from the IJA 1st Division, equipped with two horse-drawn 37 mm artillery pieces, quickly established improvised firing positions and loaded their guns with both high-explosive and armor-piercing shells. They shelled the Soviet vessels, sinking the lead gunboat, crippling the second, and driving off the third. Japanese troops subsequently fired on the swimming crewmen from the sunken ships using machine guns. Thirty-seven Soviet soldiers were killed, while Japanese casualties were zero. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs protested and demanded the Soviet forces withdraw from the island. The Soviet leadership, apparently shocked by the incident and reluctant to escalate, agreed to evacuate their troops. By 1938 the border situation had deteriorated. The tangled terrain features, mountain, bog, stream, forest, and valley, would have complicated even careful observers' discernment of the old red line drawn in 1886. Fifty years later, the markers themselves had undergone a metamorphosis. Japanese investigators could find, at most, only 14 to 17 markers standing fairly intact between the Tumen estuary and Khanka—roughly one every 25 miles at best. The remainder were missing or ruined; five were found in new locations. Marker "K," for example, was 40 meters deeper inside Manchuria, away from Khanka. Japanese military experts noted that of the 20 markers originally set along the boundaries of Hunchun Prefecture alone, only four could be found by the summer of 1938. The rest had either been wrecked or arbitrarily moved and discarded by Russian or Chinese officials and inhabitants. It is even said that one missing marker could be seen on display in Khabarovsk. The Chinese had generally interpreted the boundary as the road line just west of Khasan, at least in practice. Free road movement, however, had become a problem even 20 years before the Japanese overran Manchuria in 1931–1932 during the so-called Manchurian Incident. The Japanese adopted, or inherited, the Chinese interpretation, which was based on the 1886 agreement on border roads; the key clause held that the frontier west of Khasan would be the road along the lake. Japanese sources emphasize that local residents' anger toward gradual Soviet oppression and penetrations westward into Manchurian territory fueled the conflict. Many natives believed the original boundaries lay east of the lake, but the Soviets adjusted the situation to suit their own convenience. In practice, the Russians were restricting road use just west of Khasan by Manchurian and Korean residents. There was speculation that this was a prelude to taking over the ridgelines, depending on the reaction of the Manchukuoan–Japanese side. Villagers who went to streams or the lake to launder clothing found themselves subjected to sniper fire. Along a 25-mile stretch of road near Shachaofeng, farmers reported coming under fire from new Soviet positions as early as November 1935. Nevertheless, Japanese and Koreans familiar with the Tumen area noted agrarian, seasonal Korean religious rites atop Changkufeng Hill, including fattened pigs sacrificed and changgo drums beaten. Village elders told Japanese visitors in 1938 that, until early the preceding year, no Russians had come as far as Changkufeng Hill. Looking only at the border sector around Changkufeng, the easy days were clearly behind us. In the summer of 1938, Gaimusho "Foreign Ministry" observers described the explosive situation along the Korea–Manchuria–USSR borders as a matter of de facto frontiers. Both sides pressed against each other, and their trigger-happy posture was summed up in the colloquial refrain: "Take another step and we'll let you have it." Near dawn on 13 June 1938, a Manchurian patrol detected a suspicious figure in the fog swirling over Changlingtzu Hill on the Siberian–Manchurian frontier. Challenged at 15 feet, the suspect hurled two pistols to the ground and raised his hands in surrender. At headquarters, the police soon realized this was no routine border-trespassing case. The man was a defector and he was a Russian general, in fact he was the director of all NKVD forces in the Soviet Far East. Beneath a mufti of spring coat and hunting cap, he wore a full uniform with medals. His identification card No. 83 designated him as G. S. Lyushkov, Commissar 3rd Class, countersigned by Nikolai Yezhov, NKVD head in Moscow. Lyushkov was promptly turned over to the Japanese military authorities, who transferred him to Seoul and then to Tokyo under close escort. On 1 July, the Japanese press was permitted to disclose that Lyushkov had sought refuge in Japan. Ten days later, to capitalize on the commissar's notoriety and to confound skeptics, the Japanese produced Lyushkov at a press conference in Tokyo. For the Japanese and foreign correspondents, who met separately with him, Lyushkov described Soviet Far East strength and the turmoil wracking the USSR, because for those of you unfamiliar this was during the Stalinist purges. Clearly, the Japanese had gained a unique reservoir of high-level intelligence and a wealth of materials, including notes scratched in blood by suspects incarcerated at Khabarovsk. A general tightening of Russian frontier security had recently been reported. Natives of Fangchuanting asserted that a Soviet cavalry patrol appeared in June, seemingly for the first time. Contact with Yangkuanping, northwest of Khasan, was severed. More importantly, Japanese Army Signal Corps intelligence detected a surge of Soviet message traffic from the Posyet Bay district. After Lyushkov's defection, a drastic reshuffle in the local Russian command apparently occurred, and responsibility for border surveillance seems to have been reallocated. Japanese records indicate that the Novokievsk security force commander was relieved and the sector garrison replaced by troops from Vladivostok. Gaimusho intelligence also received reports that a border garrison unit had been transferred from Khabarovsk or Chita to the Tumen sector. The Kwantung Army signal monitors also intercepted two significant frontline messages on 6 July from the new Russian local commander in the Posyet region, addressed to Lieutenant General Sokolov in Khabarovsk. Decoded, the messages suggested (1) that ammunition for infantry mortars amounted to less than half the required supply; and  (2) a recommendation that higher headquarters authorize Russian elements to secure certain unoccupied high ground west of Khasan.  The commander noted terrain advantages and the contemplated construction of emplacements that would command Najin and the Korean railway. As a start, at least one Russian platoon should be authorized to dig in on the highest ground (presumably Changkufeng) and deploy four tons of entanglements to stake out the Soviet claim. Korea Army Headquarters received a telegram from the Kwantung Army on 7 July conveying the deciphered messages. On the same day, the 19th Division in North Korea telephoned Seoul that, on 6 July, three or four Soviet horsemen had been observed reconnoitering Manchurian territory from atop a hill called Changkufeng. The alarming intelligence from the Kwantung Army and the front warranted immediate attention by the Korea Army. Some Kwantung Army officers doubted the significance of the developments, with one intelligence official even suggesting the Russian messages might be a deliberate ploy designed to entrap the Japanese at Changkufeng. On 7–8 July, all staff officers in Seoul convened at army headquarters. The name of Changkufeng Hill was not well known, but maps and other data suggested that neither the Japanese nor the Russians had previously stationed border units in the ridge complex west of Khasan. As early as March 1936, Army Commander Koiso Kuniaki had distributed maps to subordinate units, indicating which sectors were in dispute. No patrol was to enter zones lacking definitive demarcation. Until then, the only Japanese element east of the Tumen was a Manchurian policeman at Fangchuanting. Ownership of the high ground emerged as an early issue. A number of other points were raised by  the Kwantung Army: At present, Soviet elements in the area were negligible. The intrusion must not be overlooked. The Russians could be expected to exploit any weakness, and half-measures would not suffice, especially regarding the Japanese defense mission along a 125-mile frontier. In Japanese hands, Changkufeng Hill would be useful, but two excellent observation posts already existed in the neighboring sector of the Manchurian tongue. With dissidence and purges underway, the Russians may have judged it necessary to seal border gaps, particularly after Lyushkov's defection. They may also have sought to control Changkufeng to offset Japanese dominance of the high ground to the north. Soviet seizure of Changkufeng would upset the delicate status quo and could provoke a contest for equivalent observation posts. In broader terms, it mattered little whether the Russians sought a permanent observation post on Changkufeng Hill, which was of relatively minor strategic value. Japan's primary concern lay in the China theater; Changkufeng was peripheral. The Japanese should not expend limited resources or become distracted. The matter required consultation with the high command in Tokyo. In the absence of more comprehensive intelligence, the assembled staff officers concluded that the Korea Army should, at a minimum, ignore or disregard Soviet actions for the time being, while maintaining vigilant observation of the area. The consensus was communicated to Major General Kitano Kenzo, the Korea Army chief of staff, who concurred, and to Koiso. Upon learning that the recommendation advocated a low posture, Koiso inquired only whether the opinion reflected the unanimous view of the staff. Having been assured that it did, he approved the policy. Koiso, then 58, was at the threshold of the routine personnel changes occurring around 15 July. He had just been informed that he would retire and that General Nakamura Kotaro would succeed him. Those acquainted with Koiso perceived him as treating the border difficulties as a minor anticlimax in the course of his command tour. He appeared unemphatic or relaxed as he prepared to depart from a post he had held for twenty-one years. Although neither Koiso nor his staff welcomed the Soviet activities that appeared under way, his reaction likely reflected a reluctance to make decisions that could constrain his soon-to-arrive successor. On 8 July Koiso authorized the dispatch of warnings to the 19th Division at Nanam, to the Hunchun garrison, and to the intelligence branch at Hunchun. These units were instructed to exercise maximum precautions and to tighten frontier security north of Shuiliufeng. In response to the initial appearance of Soviet horsemen at Changkufeng, the Kucheng Border Garrison Unit of the 76th Infantry Regiment maintained close surveillance across the Tumen. By about noon on 9 July, patrols detected approximately a dozen Russian troops commencing construction atop Changkufeng. Between 11 and 13 July, the number of soldiers on the slopes increased to forty; there were also thirty horses and eleven camouflaged tents. Operating in shifts on the western side, thirty meters from the crest, the Russians erected barbed wire and firing trenches; fifty meters forward, they excavated observation trenches. In addition to existing telephone lines between Changkufeng, Lake Khasan, and Kozando, the Russians installed a portable telephone net. Logistical support was provided by three boats on the lake. Approximately twenty kilometers to the east, well within Soviet territory, large forces were being mobilized, and steamship traffic into Posyet Bay intensified. Upon learning of the "intrusion" at Changkufeng on 9 July, Lt. General Suetaka Kamezo, the commander of the 19th Division, dispatched staff officers to the front and prepared to send elements to reinforce border units.  The special significance of Suetaka and his division stemmed from a series of unusual circumstances. Chientao Province, the same zone into which Lyushkov had fled and the sector where Soviet horsemen had appeared, fell within Manchukuo geographically and administratively. Yet, in terms of defense, the configuration of the frontier, the terrain, and the transportation network more closely connected the region with North Korea than with southeastern Manchuria. Approximately 80% of the population was of Korean origin, which implied Japanese rather than Manchukuoan allegiance. Consequently, the Korea Army had been made operationally responsible for the defense of Chientao and controlled not only the three-battalion garrison at Hunchun but also the intelligence detachment located there. In the event of war, the Korea Army's mission was defined as mobilization and execution of subsidiary operational tasks against the USSR, under the control and in support of the Kwantung Army.  The Korea Army ordinarily possessed two infantry divisions, the 19th in North Korea and the 20th stationed at Seoul, but the 20th Division had already departed for China, leaving only the 20th Depot Division in the capital. Beyond sparse ground units, devoid of armor and with weak heavy artillery, there were only two air regiments in Korea, the nearest being the unit at Hoeryong. The Korea Army was designed to maintain public security within Korea as well as fulfill minimal defensive responsibilities. Such an army did not require a full-time operations officer, and none was maintained. When needed, as in mid-1938, the task fell to the senior staff officer, in this case Colonel Iwasaki Tamio. In peacetime, training constituted the primary focus.  Thus, the 19th Division was entrusted with defending northeastern Korea. Its commander, Suetaka, a seasoned infantryman, resented the fact that his elite force had never engaged in combat in China. He intensified training with zeal, emphasizing strict discipline, bravery, aggressiveness, and thorough preparation. Japanese veterans characterized him as severe, bullish, short-tempered, hot-blooded, highly strung, unbending, and stubborn. Nonetheless, there was widespread respect for his realistic training program, maintained under firm, even violent, personal supervision. His men regarded Suetaka as a professional, a modern samurai who forged the division into superb condition. Privately, he was reputed for sensitivity and warmth; a Japanese phrase "yakamashii oyaji" captures the dual sense of stern father and martinet in his character. At the outset, however, Suetaka displayed little aggression. Although not widely known, he did not welcome the orders from army headquarters to deploy to the Tumen. Until late July, he remained somewhat opposed to the notion of dislodging the Soviets from the crest, a proposition arising from neither the division staff nor, initially, Suetaka himself. Colonel Sato noted that, for a week after reports of Soviet excavation at Changkufeng, the division's response was limited to preparations for a possible emergency, as they perceived the matter as a local issue best settled through diplomacy. Korea Army officers acknowledged that, around the time the Soviets consolidated their outpost strength at Changkufeng, an informal and personal telegram arrived in Seoul from a Kwantung Army Intelligence field-grade officer who specialized in Soviet affairs. If the Korea Army hesitated, the Kwantung Army would be obliged to eject the Russians; the matter could not be ignored. While the telegram did not demand a reply and struck several officers as presumptuous and implausible, the message was promptly shown to Koiso. Koiso was driven to immediate action, he wired Tokyo asserting that only the Korea Army could and would handle the incident. One staff officer recalled "We felt we had to act, out of a sense of responsibility. But we resented the Kwantung Army's interference." The Korea Army staff convened shortly after receipt of the unofficial telegram from Hsinking. Based on the latest intelligence from the division dated 13 July, the officers prepared an assessment for submission to the army commander. The hypotheses were distilled into three scenarios: The USSR, or the Far East authorities, desires hostilities. Conclusion: Slightly possible. The USSR seeks to restrain Japan on the eve of the pivotal operations in China: the major Japanese offensive to seize Hankow. Conclusion: Highly probable. The Posyet district commander is new in his post; by occupying the Changkufeng ridges, he would demonstrate loyalty, impress superiors, and seek glory. Conclusion: Possible. Late on 13 July or early on 14 July, Koiso approved the dispatch of a message to the vice minister of war, and the Kwantung Army chief of staff:  "Lake Khasan area lies in troublesome sector USSR has been claiming . . . in accordance with treaties [said Secret Message No. 913], but we interpret it to be Manchukuoan territory, evident even from maps published by Soviet side. Russian actions are patently illegal, but, considering that area does not exert major or immediate influence on operations [Japan] is intending and that China Incident is in full swing, we are not going to conduct counterattack measures immediately. This army is thinking of reasoning with Soviets and requesting pullback, directly on spot. . . . In case Russians do not accede in long run, we have intention to drive Soviet soldiers out of area east of Khasan firmly by use of force."  The message concluded with a request that the Tokyo authorities lodge a formal protest with the USSR, on behalf of Manchukuo and Japan, and guide matters so that the Russians would withdraw quickly. Dominant in Japanese high command thinking in 1938 was the China theater; the Changkufeng episode constituted a mere digression. A sequence of Japanese tactical victories had preceded the summer: Tsingtao fell in January; the Yellow River was reached in March; a "reformed government of the Republic of China" was installed at Nanking several weeks later; Amoy fell in early May; Suchow fell on the 20th. With these gains, northern and central fronts could be linked by the Japanese. Yet Chinese resistance persisted, and while public statements anticipated imminent Chinese dissension, private admissions acknowledged that the partial effects of Suchow's fall were ominous: control might pass from Chiang Kai-shek to the Communists, Chinese defiance might intensify, and Soviet involvement could ensue. A Hankow drive appeared desirable to symbolize the conclusion of the military phase of hostilities. The Japanese and their adversaries were in accord regarding the importance of the summer and autumn campaigns. Even after Suchow's fall, the government discouraged public insinuations that enemy resistance was collapsing; when Chiang addressed the nation on the first anniversary of hostilities, Premier Konoe prophetically proclaimed, "The war has just begun." Colonel Inada Masazum served as the Army General Staff's principal figure for the Changkufeng affair, occupying the position of chief of the 2nd Operations Section within the Operations Bureau in March 1938. A distinguished graduate of the Military Academy, Inada completed the War College program and held a combination of line, instructional, and staff assignments at the War College, the Army General Staff, and the War Ministry. He was recognized as a sharp, highly capable, and driveful personality, though some regarded him as enigmatic. Following the capture of Suchow, Imperial General Headquarters on 18 June ordered field forces to undertake operational preparations for a drive to seize the Wuhan complex. Inada favored a decisive move aimed at achieving a rapid political settlement. He acknowledged that Soviet intervention in 1938, during Japan's involvement in China, would have been critical. Although Japanese forces could still defeat the Chinese, an overextended Japanese Army might be fatally compromised against the Russians. Soviet assistance to China was already pronouncedly unwelcome. The Soviets were reported to possess roughly 20 rifle divisions, four to five cavalry divisions, 1,500 tanks, and 1,560 aircraft, including 300 bombers with a range of approximately 3,000 kilometers, enabling reach from Vladivostok to Tokyo. Soviet manpower in Siberia was likely near 370,000. In response, Japanese central authorities stressed a no-trouble policy toward the USSR while seeking to "wall off" the border and bolster the Kwantung Army as quickly as possible. Nevertheless, the envisaged correction of the strategic imbalance could not occur before 1943, given shortages in ammunition, manpower, and materiel across existing theaters in China. By the end of 1937 Japan had committed 16 of its 24 divisions to China, bringing the standing force to roughly 700,000. Army General Staff planners reallocated three ground divisions, intended for a northern contingency, from north to central China, even as the Kwantung Army operated from a less favorable posture. Attitudes toward the northern problem varied within senior military circles. While concern persisted, it was not universal. As campaigns in China widened, planning at the high command level deteriorated, propagating confusion and anxiety to field armies in China. The Japanese Navy suspected that the Army general staff was invoking the USSR as a pretext for broader strategic aims—namely, to provoke a more consequential confrontation with the USSR while the Navy contended with its own strategic rivalries with the Army, centered on the United States and Britain. Army leaders, however, denied aggressive intent against the USSR at that time. The Hankow plan encountered substantial internal opposition at high levels. Private assessments among army planners suggested that a two-front war would be premature given operational readiness and troop strength. Not only were new War Ministry officials cautious, but many high-ranking Army general staff officers and court circles shared doubts.  Aggressive tendencies, influenced by subordinates and the Kwantung Army, were evident in Inada, who repeatedly pressed Tada Shun, the deputy army chief of staff, to endorse the Wuhan drive as both necessary and feasible, arguing that the USSR would gain from Japan's weakening without incurring substantial losses. Inada contended that Stalin was rational and that time favored the USSR in the Far East, where industrial buildup and military modernization were ongoing. He argued that the Soviet purges impeded opportunistic ventures with Japan. He posited that Nazi Germany posed a growing threat on the western front, and thus the USSR should be avoided by both Japan, due to China and Russia, due to Germany. While most of the army remained engaged in China, Tada did not initially share Inada's views; only after inspecting the Manchurian borders in April 1938 did he finally align with Inada's broader vision, which encompassed both northern and Chinese considerations. During this period, Inada studied daily intelligence from the Kwantung Army, and after Lyushkov's defection in June, reports suggested the Soviets were following their sector commander's recommendations. Russian troops appeared at Changkufeng, seemingly prepared to dig in. Inada recollects his reaction: "That's nice, my chance has come." I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The simmering Soviet–Japanese border clashes centered on Changkufeng Hill near Lake Khanka, set within a broader history of contested frontiers dating to Qing and Tsarist treaties. Japan, prioritizing China, considered Changkufeng peripheral but ready to confront Soviet encroachment; Moscow aimed to consolidate border gains, with high-level war planning overlaying regional skirmishes. Conflict loomed over Manchuria.

In our podcast about a narrative podcast, PhantasticGeek.com's Pete and Matt review the data tapes on the nine episode journey that was Star Trek: Khan.Thanks as always to everyone who supports the podcast by visiting Patreon.com/PhantasticGeek.Share your feedback by emailing PhantasticGeek@gmail.com, commenting at PhantasticGeek.com, or tweeting @PhantasticGeek.MP3

We did a remote location show at the Clean Eatz National Convention in Wrightsville Beach NC. We talked to four Franchise Partners in the brand that shared their experiences in the beginning and gave a few nuggets of wisdom to other Clean Eatz Partners but they also translated to anyone in any business. The event was the 10yr Anniversary of Clean Eatz being a Franchise brand and was an amazing event. One of the best yet. https://www.instagram.com/cleaneatzlife/https://instagram.com/donvarady https://instagram.com/stevebon8https://instagram.com/thefounderzlounge https://instagram.com/founderzlounge Clean Eatz - http://www.cleaneatz.comBonseye Marketing - http://www.bonseyeonline.comFounderz Lounge - http://www.thefounderzlounge.com

Mark Meckler is back from his D.C. trip, and he has thoughts. His friend Dr. Kevin Roberts (President of the Heritage Foundation) had a less-than-stellar reaction to the ongoing Tucker Carlson controversy. Plus, Mark comments on the BLOCKBUSTER news out of Kansas and what it means for the Convention of States movement. Then, the COS President launches into an extended edition of Ask Mark Anything. Welcome to The BattleCry! Ask Mark Anything

Welcome back to another episode of the Outdoor Adventure Series, where today we're taking you out to the historic Danville Dan's Baseball Stadium for a unique blend of networking, community, and baseball nostalgia. Whether you love travel, tourism, or just a good old-fashioned ballgame, today's episode celebrates local pride, hidden treasures, and the beauty of enjoying what's in your own backyard.INTERVIEWS1. Kristen Ball - Illinois Destinations Association (IDA)Kristen's role and responsibilities as Association ManagerCollaboration with the board of directors and the legislative teamPlanning events and education courses for membersAdvocacy with the state legislatureProviding resources for Convention and Visitor Bureaus to drive tourism in IllinoisIllinois Destinations Association: https://www.ildestinations.org/2. Interview with Jessica Miller, Matthew Bean, Baylee Dorn (Visit Bloomington Normal)IntroductionsJessica Miller: Digital Marketing ManagerMatthew Bean: Director of Brand and MarketingBaylee Dorn: Destination Experience ManagerOverview of the Bloomington-Normal region (“BN”)Central location in Illinois, the university's presenceOutreach to McLean County and surrounding areasUnique selling points of Bloomington-Normal as a destination“Big, small town” feel with accessible and affordable experiencesRobust events calendar, family-friendly environmentConstitution Trail Bike Path: https://www.visitbn.org/visit/constitution-trail/Route 66: https://www.visitbn.org/illinoisroute66/local lakes and outdoor spaces Visit Bloomington-Normal - https://www.visitbn.org/3. Interview with Tom Fricke and Mary Ellen - Danville Dans OrganizationTom's volunteer role and contributionsPA announcer, PR, souvenir sales, coordination of interns (“Danterns”)Commitment to maintaining baseball and the Dans in DanvilleHistory of Danville StadiumConstruction: initiated by a local businessman and the Brooklyn Dodgers' Branch RickeyThe stadium's origins in 1945Key historic figures and teams: Brooklyn Dodgers, Giants, White Sox, BrewersThe Danville Dans: https://danvilledans.org/NEXT STEPSVisit us at https://outdooradventureseries.com to like, comment, and share our episodes.KEYWORDSIllinois Destinations Association, Danville Area Visitors Bureau, Visit Bloomington-Normal, Route 66, Constitution Bike Trail, Danville Dans, Outdoor Adventure Series#IllinoisDestinationsAssociation #DanvilleAreaVisitorsBureau #VisitBN #Route66 #ConstitutionBikeTrail #DanvilleDans #OutdoorAdventureSeriesMy Favorite Podcast Tools: Production by Descript Hosting Buzzsprout Show Notes by Castmagic Website powered by Podpage Be a Podcast Guest by PodMatch

Episode 362 of RevolutionZ continues the oral history recounting by Miguel Guevara and his interviewees. It delves further with the motives, aims, and mechanics of a successful future revolution. This time, it asks, what if the hardest part of building a movement isn't the opposition outside, but the pressure inside the room—and inside our heads? Guevara leads Andre Goldman, Malcolm Mays and Cynthia Parks in a discussion that describes the founding convention of RPS where three thousand people traded posturing for process and built consensus without blunting their ideals. They describe how months of preparation, open amendments, and careful straw polls set a tone that prized clarity over dominance and turned potential stalemates into workable albeit provisional decisions.From there, the interviewees explore how a “starter program” could be broad without becoming a blur. Wages and work hours. Tax the rich and full employment. Expanded, revised education for all. Immigration and community control of policing. Reproductive and LGBTQ rights. Democratic reforms like ranked choice voting and public financing. Single‑payer healthcare, demilitarization, climate action, and oversight of AI. The initial national platform offered scaffolding that let chapters chose priorities that fit their own local needs—a structure that fed momentum instead of draining it.Then Cynthia's story reframes the stakes. Childhood eviction and family violence carved an inner voice in her mind that said you can't, a crippling voice that many carry with no one else seeing. Rather than pretend that politics is only external, In response to this widespread issue, RPS carved out space to confront internalized doubt and the habits that keep people silent. That attention to the psychological side of participation—paired with humble, flexible strategy—helped the project survive fragile beginnings, temper early rigidity, and welcome new leaders. Guevara's questions also wrestle with the family versus movement dilemma: what does responsible care look like when the future your kids inherit depends on what you build with others today. How much time to allot where? How can we even think about such a vexing choice? If you're organizing, if you're curious about consensus that actually works, or about how to fight the voices within that say your effort, or someone else's effort won't matter, this episode offers tools our interviewees used in their world and time—procedures that can keep trust intact, culture that can tame ego and liberate potentials, and a program that travels from national goals to neighborhood action. Does the episode resonates with you? IF so, perhaps share it and the whole Wind Cries Freedom sequence with a friend who is doing or considering doing movement work. Do you instead find the discussion lacking or even wrong, okay, in either case, perhaps even leave a comment to help improve coming episodes. .Support the show

Facing the Future with Faith In this Address to the Diocesan Convention of the Diocese of the Rio Grande, Bishop Michael Hunn address the pressing challenges facing the world and our communities today—from political division and economic fragility to environmental crises and immigration issues. Within this context, the Episcopal Church stands as a beacon of hope and unity. Bishop Michael emphasizes the crucial role of clergy in guiding us through these turbulent times, urging support for the church's future through phases of spiritual renewal, financial planning, and strategic resource management. Discover how we can ensure the continued presence and mission of the Episcopal Church in the Diocese of the Rio Grande for generations to come. 00:00 Introduction and Current Challenges 00:30 Political and Social Unrest 03:07 Environmental Concerns and Stewardship 04:25 Role of the Episcopal Church 05:40 The Importance of Clergy 09:09 Phases of Diocesan Renewal 15:19 Facing Financial Realities 18:13 Strategic Changes for the Future 21:18 Conclusion and Call to Action

For the 56th episode of THE LIST MAKERS, we discuss which (living) Doctor Who people we'd most like to see on a convention panel. Will this be particularly challenging for Rob, given his total disinterest in such events? Where will Dave take his list? Between them, can they come up with the ultimate convention guest list? What would your picks be? Why not write in and let us know? Contact us: X / Twitter: @theDWshow Bluesky: @thedwshow.net Facebook: facebook.com/theDWshow Email: hello@theDWshow.net

We're wrapping up convention season on The Weekly Warp Pipe!

Flower City Tattoo Convention LIVE in Studio full 524 Fri, 07 Nov 2025 15:21:01 +0000 Df1nJNyQFD8bTXhgRFOiCGsQRy1NtwPT music PXY Mornings with Moose and Breezy music Flower City Tattoo Convention LIVE in Studio Join Moose and Breezy as they discuss current trends, lifestyle and entertainment, and everything happening in Rochester. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Music False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link

2025 marks 50 years of the Biological Weapons Convention. Back in 1975, the treaty entered into force, and by banning biological weapons worldwide, it became the first global treaty to prohibit a particular weapon of war. The Biological Weapons Convention is widely adopted — 189 States Parties have pledged to never develop, produce, stockpile, or use biological weapons. And thankfully, these weapons have not featured much in modern conflict. But over the last 50 years, profound advances in the life sciences and bio research have emerged which, according to my guest today, pose a distinct challenge to this treaty. Jaime Yassif is the Vice President for Global Biological Policy and Programs at the Nuclear Threat Initiative, a nonprofit global security organization focused on reducing nuclear, biological, and emerging technology threats. We kick off by discussing the history of this treaty, including why the time was right 50 years ago for it to come together. We spend most of our conversation, though, exploring the ways in which this treaty might be strengthened to adapt to a changing landscape of potential biological weapons risks today. This episode is produced in partnership with Lex International Fund, a philanthropic initiative dedicated to strengthening international law to solve global challenges. It's part of our ongoing series highlighting the real-world impact of treaties on state behavior, called "When Treaties Work."

Earlier today BIG news broke for Convention of States. A federal district court handed down a long-anticipated ruling that has exciting implications for the Article V movement. Rita Peters (Senior Vice President for Legislative Affairs) will break it all down for you. Read More

Convention of States Action's Senior Vice President for Legislative Affairs joins your host Jonathan Viaud (Grassroots Director for COSA) to recap the 2025 elections and preview what it all means for the year ahead. Minutemen Mailbag COS University Take Action

Alongside SBC 2025 at CBL's "For the Faithful Majority" Conference, Dr. David Allen, Dr. Lewis Richerson, Mark Coppenger, Dr. Tom Ascol, and Sam Webb sit down to discuss how to work across the calvinist divide for the good of the SBC convention. ––––––   Follow Center for Baptist Leadership across Social Media: X / Twitter – https://twitter.com/BaptistLeaders Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/people/Center-For-Baptist-Leadership/61556762144277/ Rumble – https://rumble.com/c/c-6157089 YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/@CenterforBaptistLeadership Website – https://centerforbaptistleadership.org/   To book William for media appearances or speaking engagements, please contact him at media@centerfor­baptistleadership.org.   Follow Us on Twitter: William Wolfe - https://twitter.com/William_E_Wolfe Richard Henry - https://twitter.com/RThenry83    Renew the SBC from within and defend the SBC from those who seek its destruction, donate today: https://centerforbaptistleadership.org/donate/   The Center for Baptist Leadership Podcast is powered by American Reformer, recorded remotely in the United States by William Wolfe, and edited by Jared Cummings. Subscribe to the Center for Baptist Leadership Podcast: Distribute our RSS Feed – https://centerforbaptistleadership.podbean.com/ Apple Podcasts – https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/center-for-baptist-leadership/id1743074575 Spotify – https://open.spotify.com/show/0npXohTYKWYmWLsHkalF9t Amazon Music // Audible – https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9ababbdd-6c6b-4ab9-b21a-eed951e1e67b BoomPlay – https://www.boomplaymusic.com/podcasts/96624 CastboxFM – https://castbox.fm/channel/id6132313 CastroFM – https://castro.fm/podcast/67110759-1bb9-4fd9-abcb-34113d42e945 CurioCaster – https://curiocaster.com/podcast/pi6894445 Fountain – https://fountain.fm/show/IURohE0rZPJr5h81wxbX Goodpods – https://goodpods.com/podcasts/center-for-baptist-leadership-565673 iHeartRadio – https://iheart.com/podcast/170321203 iVoox – https://www.ivoox.com/en/podcast-center-for-baptist-leadership_sq_f12419733_1.html Listen Notes – https://lnns.co/2Br0hw7p5R4 MoonFM – https://moon.fm/itunes/1743074575 PlayerFM – https://player.fm/series/3570081 PocketCasts – https://play.pocketcasts.com/podcasts/ddd92230-e3ff-013c-e7de-02cacb2c6223 PodcastAddict – https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/center-for-baptist-leadership/5090794 Podchaser – https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-center-for-baptist-leaders-5696654 PodcastRepublic – https://www.podcastrepublic.net/podcast/1743074575 TrueFans – https://truefans.fm/center-for-baptist-leadership YouTube Podcasts – https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFMvfuzJKMICA7wi3CXvQxdNtA_lqDFV

A few weeks ago, Mark Meckler and Rick Green gave a presentation in Sheridan about the Convention of States.  For two hours they gave their sales pitch.  It sounded great, except there's a whole bunch they left out--criticism that might dissuade support.  With a little reading, it's obvious an convention is the last thing we need to do as a country. Two of the supporters of Convention of States Action--the organization Mark Meckler helped found--who appear on promotional materials have written articles that are completely the opposite of what the crowd in Sheridan was told.  In the end, it's obvious, no one should support a convention.

News Jeff is Headed to a Convention in Champaign, Illinois Did Lionsgate bury The Anniversary New Movies Bugonia Directed by Yorgos Lanthimos Starring Emma Stone and Jesse Plemons Two conspiracy-obsessed men kidnap the CEO of a major company when they become convinced that she's an alien who wants to destroy Earth. Frankenstein (2025) Directed by Guillermo Del Toro Starring Oscar Isaac, Jacob Elordi and Mia Goth A brilliant but egotistical scientist brings a monstrous creature to life in a daring experiment that ultimately leads to the undoing of both the creator and his tragic creation. Classic Frankenstein (1931) Directed by James Whale Starring Boris Karloff, Colin Clive, Mae Clarke This iconic horror film follows the obsessed scientist Dr. Henry Frankenstein as he attempts to create life by assembling a creature from body parts of the deceased. Aided by his loyal misshapen assistant, Fritz, Frankenstein succeeds in animating his monster, but it escapes into the countryside and begins to wreak havoc. Frankenstein searches for the elusive being and eventually must confront his tormented creation.

From FAA Chapters to Convention to Careers. Click on the podcast to hear from Montana FFA members and mentors after a successful 98th annual National FFA Convention. How will the next generation of producers shape Montana's agriculture? With Montana FFA Executive […] The post Young Montanans Preparing for a Future of Ag Leadership first appeared on Voices of Montana.

Send us a textThis week you listen in as Danielle and Jon interview Thanh Duong of CA Blackberry's and Joseph Larson of Harmody Dairy Goats as they talk about some of the things they focus on to keep their herds above average in the show ring and milk bucket!  It was a fun time guiding this conversation at the 2025 ADGA Annual Convention!we have merch!

This year's Wisconsin Farmers Union Conference agenda is full of exciting news and discussion topics. To be held December 12-14, at the Chula Vista Resort in the Wisconsin Dells, the event is celebrating its 95th anniversary. Danielle Endvick, Executive Director of Wisconsin Farmers Union, says that with exciting conversations and a full agenda, there is something for everyone.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Just when you thought it was safe to watch a Batman movie... PhantasticGeek.com's Pete and Matt go back in time to 1997's notorious Batman and Robin....Thanks as always to everyone who supports the podcast by visiting Patreon.com/PhantasticGeek.Share your feedback by emailing PhantasticGeek@gmail.com, commenting at PhantasticGeek.com, or tweeting @PhantasticGeek.MP3

Just send it…Rob, Mike and Mike and Matt chatted right before convention.

Description: We did a remote location show at the Clean Eatz National Convention in Wrightsville Beach NC. We talked to four Franchise Partners in the brand that shared their experiences in the beginning and gave a few nuggets of wisdom to other Clean Eatz Partners but they also translated to anyone in any business. The event was the 10yr Anniversary of Clean Eatz being a Franchise brand and was an amazing event. One of the best yet. https://www.instagram.com/cleaneatzlife/https://instagram.com/donvarady https://instagram.com/stevebon8https://instagram.com/thefounderzlounge https://instagram.com/founderzlounge Clean Eatz - http://www.cleaneatz.comBonseye Marketing - http://www.bonseyeonline.comFounderz Lounge - http://www.thefounderzlounge.com

Indiana Lieutenant Governor Micah Beckwith takes the stage at the Race to Freedom Leadership Summit hosted by Convention of States Action. After a spellbinding speech, Beckwith sits down with COS President Mark Meckler for a live interview. Recorded September 19, 2025. The Race to Freedom Leadership Summit Ask Mark Anything

Neil Ross, the voice actor for Keith and Pidge, and many other voices from Voltron: Defender of the Universe, and Keith from Voltron: The Third Dimension, was the special guest at VoltCon 2025 in Indianapolis, Indiana on October 18 and 19.In this panel from VoltCon 2025, Neil Ross (voice actor for Keith & Pidge) is Interviewed by Let's Voltron Podcast Hosts Marc Morrell and Greg Tyler, with Q&A at the end from audience members.You can view the video version on our YouTube Channel HERE.As always, Thanks for watching and listening! Let's Voltron!!

On this episode of Cosplay and Cocktails, Jessi and Paige go on a road trip rant and discuss things that irk them about conventions.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program funds are set to expire tomorrow, leaving roughly half a million Nevadans without critical food assistance. Yesterday, state leaders approved filling the gap with a $30 million contingency fund — but is it enough? Co-hosts Dayvid Figler and Sarah Lohman sit down with community advocate Patricia Haddad Bennett to discuss. Next, the team looks at why the GOP is looking at Las Vegas for a possible midterm convention, and what happened in the tiny desert town of Goodsprings when a box of good old-fashioning mine shaft dynamite was discovered. Learn more about the sponsors of this October 31st episode: Water Lantern Festival Want to get in touch? Follow us @CityCastVegas on Instagram, or email us at lasvegas@citycast.fm. You can also call or text us at 702-514-0719. For more Las Vegas news, make sure to sign up for our morning newsletter, Hey Las Vegas. Learn more about becoming a City Cast Las Vegas Neighbor at membership.citycast.fm. Looking to advertise on City Cast Las Vegas? Check out our options for podcast and newsletter ads at citycast.fm/advertise.

PREVIEW: Constitutional Debate on the Militia: Limiting Federal Power in Virginia Ratification Guest: Rob Natelson Constitutional scholar Rob Natelson discusses the militia debate during the Virginia ratification convention involving James Madison and Edmund Randolph. The core issue was limiting federal government power over the state militia and National Guard while securing gubernatorial authority. Natelson explains that the Founders assured voters that federal government power was restricted to prescribing discipline and training rules, but the actual training must be conducted by the states, reflecting the constitutional design to preserve state sovereignty over militia forces. 1789