Podcasts about glycolytic

When it comes to building MTB specific cardio, the best method is to actually ride your bike - that is the most sport specific training you can do. However, there are times when you can't ride as much as you would like or you want to focus on specific qualities that you need on the trail but don't use enough on the trail to continue to improve. There are also health benefits that you can get from a smart conditioning program that you can't get from riding alone. This means that if you want to maximize your performance and your health then cardio training has to be part of your overall plan. In this episode of the Riding For A Lifetime Podcast I share a new cardio training method that I feel has a lot of potential for the 40+ year old rider. Let me know if you have any questions or need help getting started with this workout. This is just one way to go about it and I'll be sharing more workout ideas with you as I get a chance to test them. Until next time… Ride Strong, James Wilson MTB Strength Training Systems

Full Episode here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hj8DcLEc9g The video discusses the nuances of training strategies in endurance sports, particularly focusing on the balance between fasted training or carb-restricted training and the athlete's physiological profile. It emphasizes the importance of understanding an athlete's metabolic type (glycolytic vs. aerobic) and tailoring training accordingly to improve performance in specific events, such as long-distance races or multi-day stage races. The speaker highlights the differences in energy utilization between glycolytic and aerobic athletes during endurance rides and suggests that training zones should be based on VO2 rather than FTP to account for these variations. Furthermore, the discussion delves into the challenges faced by glycolytic athletes, using Marcel Kittel's Tour de France experiences as an example, to illustrate the heightened physiological demands they face, especially in situations like climbing and sprinting, compared to more aerobic-focused riders like Chris Froome. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS9FDuHl_qp8ajqQuWwNtew/join

References Guerra 2023-graduate biochemistry lecture canon and marginalia Mol Oral Microbiol. 2019 Apr; 34(2): 27–38. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022; 10: 945749. Mozart, WA. 1784. Piano Concerto No. 17 in G major, KV. 453 https://youtu.be/iYNbMclI5Ls?si=_P9oK14c_wb98VXG --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References FASEB 2017. Volume 31, Issue2 Pages 663-673 Guerra,DJ. Graduate Biochemistry Lectures Albioni , Thomaseo. 1708. Sonate da chiesa ("op. 4") (for violin and basso continuo), https://youtu.be/IMmjjcfG2c4?si=C4VG-rPWL_Fv7-Xe --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 26 March2021 Sec. Molecular and Cellular Oncology Volume 9 Cancer Drug Resist 2020;3:762-74. Oncogene.2017 Mar 23; 36(12): 1607–1618 Front Immunol. 2020; 11: 1782. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

References Cancers (Basel). 2019 May; 11(5): 678. Oncogene.2017 Mar 23; 36(12): 1607–1618 Dr Guerra's annotated lecture notes from graduate biochemistry course(s) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

References Authentic Biochemistry Podcast Immunoepigenetics lectures XXIX-XXX1 Dr. Guerra's intermediary metabolism and bioenergetics lectures Nature. 2019 Jul; 571(7765): 403–407 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Blog summary of an Editorial was published in Oncotarget, entitled, “Permeability and driving force: why is it difficult to control glycolytic flux by blocking lactate transporters?“ _________________________________ The process of glycolysis, or the conversion of glucose to energy in cells, is a critical component of many biological processes. This process is highly regulated, and glycolytic flux has been implicated in a variety of disease states, including cancer and diabetes. Despite significant advances in our understanding of glycolysis, researchers continue to find it difficult to control glycolytic flux. “Overall, glycolysis facilitates tumour proliferation and survival, and has become a hotly-pursued target for therapeutic inhibition.” In a new editorial paper, researchers Wiktoria Blaszczak and Pawel Swietach from the University of Oxford explored the challenges of this issue and potential solutions. On January 26, 2023, their editorial was published in Oncotarget and entitled, “Permeability and driving force: why is it difficult to control glycolytic flux by blocking lactate transporters?“ “In our recent study (Blaszczak et al. (2022)), using a panel of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, we characterised how extracellular acidity feeds back to inhibit further glycolytic acid production [6].” Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2023/02/16/controlling-glycolytic-flux-therapy-challenges-and-solutions/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28351 (PDF Download) Correspondence to - Wiktoria Blaszczak - wiktoria.blaszczak@dpag.ox.ac.uk Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28351 Keywords - MCT inhibitors, fermentative metabolism, lactate, PDAC, SLC16A1 About Oncotarget Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed. On September 15, 2022, Oncotarget was accepted again for indexing by MEDLINE. Oncotarget is now indexed by Medline/PubMed and PMC/PubMed. To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/oncotarget Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/OncotargetYouTube LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Media Contact MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM 18009220957

In this episode, Jason and Greg tackle the basic tenants of the bodies energy systems. Show notesThe energy systems represent the body's ability to convert chemical energy stored in food into mechanical work. There are three main energy systems that the human body uses during exercise. The phosphagen system is the primary energy system used during short-term, high-intensity exercises such as sprinting or weightlifting. Glycolytic system uses lactate from the muscles and glucose from the blood and stored glycogen to provide energy to the muscles. The oxidative system is slower than the phosphagen and glycolytics systems, but can sustain energy production for a longer period of time. The primary players involved in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis are insulin and glucagon. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas. When blood glucose levels get too high, insulin acts to reduce the concentration of blood glucose. Glucagon, a hormone also produced by the liver, converts glycogen in the liver to glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.If you would like to access the detailed notes behind this episode then please subscribe to our paid Substack posts.The Mid Life Athlete podcasts are free and we hope our fans enjoy them.Click here to subscribe to our newsletter and automatically get our latest podcasts, blogs, offers etc into your inbox.You can find Mid Life Athlete onTwitter @PodMidInstagram @mid_life_athleteEmail us: midlifeathletepodcast@gmail.comSupport the showClick here to subscribe to our newsletter and automatically get our latest podcasts, blogs, offers etc into your inbox.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.11.516184v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, L., Gajwani, P., Chaturvedi, P., Hong, Z., Ye, Z., Schwarz, G., Pohl-Avila, N., Ray, A.-M., Krantz, S., Toth, P. T., Leckband, D. E., Karginov, A. V., Rehman, J. Abstract: Endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) are critical for the regulation of vascular barrier integrity and undergo dis-assembly during inflammatory injury, thus causing vascular leakiness. AJ re-assembly is thus necessary for restoration of the endothelial barrier following the initial injury. Here we examine the metabolic underpinnings that drive restoration of vascular integrity. In response to inflammatory stimuli, the glycolysis regulatory enzyme PFKFB3 is activated, resulting in a rapid and sustained increase of intracellular glycolytic ATP, especially in the proximity of AJs at the plasma membrane. We engineered a novel chemo-genetic construct (RapT) which allowed for precise temporal control of PFKFB3 recruitment to the plasma membrane. Activation of RapT by rapamycin during the barrier restoration phase increased regional ATP and accelerated AJ re-assembly. Mechanistically, we observed that PFKFB3 is activated through two modes. Src-mediated post-translational phosphorylation rapidly increases PFKFB3 activity. Using another chemo-genetic approach to temporally control Src activity, we found that Src activates PFKFB3 by binding to and phosphorylating it at residues Y175, Y334, and Y363. Tyrosine-phospho-deficient mutants of PFKFB3 at these residues block the glycolytic activation upon inflammatory stimuli. In parallel, elevated reactive oxygen species generated during inflammatory stimulation create pockets of regional hypoxia and allow for increased Hif1-mediated transcription of PFKFB3, leading to sustained glycolytic activation. Moreover, inhibition of PFKFB3 delays AJ reassembly and restoration of vascular integrity both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we show that while inflammatory activation acutely compromises the endothelial barrier, inflammatory signaling also concomitantly generates a metabolic milieu in anticipation of the subsequent re-assembly of AJs and restoration of the vascular barrier. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Continuing the energy systems training, we have glycolytic or glycolic system. We refer to this as PAIN intervals, and I you have experience with them you would agree. Here we break down further about what it is, how to train it and how to program it.

Would you like to improve your work capacity in your training? Joining me on the show today are two of the fellow Rebel Crew, Keiran Halton and Ryan L'Ecuyer. This episode is all about how we can improve our ability to ENDURE. And while this is a very broad topic, the three of us unpack all things work capacity, aerobic endurance, and programming strategies to help develop the best outcomes for your training goals. We first dive into the episode discussing whole body exercise versus local muscular “limiters” and the difference between how it feels to fail on a machine in comparison to failing during conditioning work. Improving your work capacity comes down to the process of getting oxygen down to the muscle mitochondria and how well you are actually supplying and utilizing the oxygen. It's important to understand what's going on from a cardiovascular standpoint versus a muscular standpoint in order to effectively improve your training abilities. We then steer the conversation to how to differentiate between low training days and high training days and the importance of incorporating both in your programming. We also hit on how you can begin blending conditioning work with hypertrophy work to get the most out of your training. Listen in to discover the tools you need to improve your work capacity and build yourself a 600 HP and 100 MPG engine. What You'll Learn in This Episode:  [07:21] Whole body exercise versus local muscular "limiters" [13:14] Difference between failing on a machine and failing during conditioning work [15:13] Systemic signal versus local signal [16:20] Respiratory steal concept [29:10] Benefits to having a good aerobic system [30:39] Capacity to supply and utilize oxygen [31:55] What's going on from a cardiovascular standpoint versus a muscular standpoint [34:25] Why a mixture of low days and high days in training is so important [39:20] Glycolytic work [46:59] Blending conditioning work with hypertrophy Links: Explore our free training samples here: https://www.rebel-performance.com/training-templates/ (https://www.rebel-performance.com/training-templates/) If interested in the Oxygen Course email us “OXYGEN” here: hello@rebel-performance.com Follow Keiran Halton here: https://www.instagram.com/halton_performance/ (https://www.instagram.com/halton_performance/) Follow Ryan L'Ecuyer here: https://www.instagram.com/lacurefit/ Want to learn more about the Rebel Performance Training Team? Click here to chat with our team: http://m.me/rebelperf (http://m.me/rebelperf) PLUS: Whenever you're ready... here are 4 ways we can help you find your peak performance (and live up to your true potential): 1. Get 21 FREE program samples. Tired of second-guessing and overthinking your training? https://www.rebel-performance.com/training-templates/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=super_signature (CLICK HERE) to get 5 months of free workouts to help you unlock total package performance, physique, and athleticism. 2. Buy a pre-made program. Looking for an expertly crafted training program minus the coaching and camaraderie? Then https://shop.rebel-performance.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=super_signature (GO HERE). 3. Join the Total Package Athlete Challenge. Want to work directly with me to hit a PR in your squat, bench, deadlift, vertical jump, broad jump, or 8-minute assault bike within the next 6 weeks? Then https://www.rebel-performance.com/challenge?utm_source=website&utm_medium=super_signature (GO HERE). 4. Join the Rebel Performance Training Team. Want to work directly with me and my team to unlock total package performance, physique, and athleticism (so you can start living at your physical peak)? Then https://www.rebel-performance.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=super_signature#offers (GO HERE).

In this FMR #moveweek episode, we talk about Alex's article on energy systems and now to train them! Of course, we incorporate the questions and thoughts of our members on the topic.Our storefront is live! Our short e-book available for $40 before the member-discount! We also have 1-on-1 consults with our Dietitian or Physical Therapist that you can purchase too. Membership costs only $9.99/month or $100/year, which allows you to participate in the show and get members-only access to videos, discounts, and more.Topics covered: Topics covered: Playoffs baseball. Hunting for jerseys. Our available energy systems. Crossover of the energy systems. The [ATP-PC] short-duration/max-effort system. Fuel for the ATP-PC system. The [Glycolytic] medium-duration/medium-intensity system. Fuel for the glycolytic system. How to properly fuel for hiking. The muscle burn that accompanies this system. The [aerobic] long-duration/low-intensity system and its fuel. How to build strength for endurance runners. Description of what is your aerobic base and how best to build it. And more!You can follow Alex on Twitter (@alex_uding)Lindsay on Twitter (@lindsaymalonerd) or Instagram (@lindsaymalonerd)Michele on Twitter (@micheleionno) or Instagram (@micheleionno)Please like our page on Facebook (@fuelmoverecover), subscribe/rate/review the podcast or subscribe to our youtube channel, and share our stuff on your social media pages.Our patrons' shout-outs are for Feal Good Foundation, Stark County Sheriff's Office, Task Force Dagger, The Teacher's Desk, Veterans Outdoors, and the Woonsocket Police Department.

This podcast is dedicated to educating you on the 3 energy systems in the body: the ATP-PC system, the Glycolytic system, and the Oxidative system, and most importantly, helping you understand them. Learning your body, becoming fascinated with its intricate workings, and applying it to your own training is when we begin to bridge the gap from "exercise is a dreaded chore, or punishment" to "training for purpose, and enjoyment." -The ATP-PC system can be remembered as the "Stored" or "Gain" system -The Glycolytic system is also referred to as the anaerobic system, and can be remembered as the "Unsustainable" or "Pain" system -The Oxidative system is also referred to as the aerobic system, and can be remembered as the "Sustain" or "Sustainable" system

Today we get to bro out a bit. To talk shop in the gym. Covering the mistakes people could be making. I often find that people could get way more from their training than they do with a few simple changes to their time in the gym. That is literally why I created fitdesignbyannie years ago. Between going to school for fitness training and then exercise and sport science, I would go to the gym and watch women attempt to lift weights. In watching them, I would think to myself, I presumably know what they want, but they're not going to get it by training the way they are. The way I was observing them at LA fitness. While it's now five years later from starting fitdesignbyannie, the same mistakes still exist. And that brings us to today's episode on the biggest mistakes you're making in the gym. Context is important. So let us make clear that I am referring to strength and hypertrophy based training. This is for women looking to gain muscle and strength. Let us also make clear that if you want to look “toned,” you are in this group of humans. Being toned is literally the appearance of having muscle tone at rest. Which you can't do without the presence of muscles. The more common issue is the layers of fat over the top of said muscles that can prevent you from looking toned or instead looking “bulky.” That's all a topic for another time. Let's get into mistake #1 Training for strength but not using long enough rest periods What I mean is that you're using a challenging weight, 75% + of your 1RM and/or RPE (rate of previewed exertion) of 8-9 but you're only resting for 30 seconds or so. The body and it's systems take time to recover between sets. You want it to recover if you're wanting muscle growth or strength gains. I guess we need to note what is actually needed in order to experience hypertrophy (muscle growth). Aka what has to happen to get your GAINS. You need three components - mechanical tension (this is the loading of the musculoskeletal system), muscle damage (micro tears in your muscle fibers from the work being done) and metabolic stress (this is your glycogen and ATP depletion comes in). At the very basic level, we need these three things to make gains. And then of course you need to be able to recover from your training, and eat enough macronutrients to elicit muscle growth. But we'll stick to what happens inside the gym. So mistake #1 is essentially that you are causing the mechanical stress and likely the muscle damage but you may not be optimizing the metabolic damage. Or better put you could be getting more out of your metabolic systems if you took a full 90 seconds all the way to three minutes of rest between sets. The two main energy systems used in the strength and hypertrophy type of training I'm suggesting will be your phosphagen and Glycolytic systems. It's important to note that our systems, just like our three types of muscle fibers are not robots. You're not only using ONE system or ONE type of muscle fiber in these stages. But the body will recruit or depend more heavily on one system or type of muscle fiber over another. And there are natural progressions with factors like time, exertion and intensity. The energy provided to our muscles in order to contract is something called adenosine triphosphate or ATP. This is how we power our muscles. And it is produced via the phosphagen system. Yay science. When the ATP is used, he loses a phosphate and becomes Adenosine diphosphate or ADP. And that's where our friend phosphocreatine comes in to help create more ATP. As the phosphate in the phosphocreatine is added to the ADP, to take it from a di, to a triphosphate again. Yayyyy energy for more muscle contractions. That is my simplest and honest understanding of the phosphagen system. But that shit takes TIME MY FRIENDS! To fully re-synthesize your ATP can take 3-5 minutes. Now, I am not telling you to rest 3-5 minutes between all sets.

The death rate from cancer has steadily declined over the past 25 years; however, worldwide there were 9.6 million deaths in 2018, with lung cancer still number one among all cancer types. In the latest episode of “Beyond the Abstract,” a program that explores the “whys” behind an article in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Dr. Kemp H. Kernstine joins host Dr. Tom Varghese to discuss whether tumor FDG-PET avidity represents enhanced glycolytic metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer. Read the related Annals article online: https://bit.ly/3c9sXm5.

Luke had quite a complex question come through for this episode on the impact of accumulations in Lactic Acid on the enzymes responsible for aerobic energy production (aerobic glycolysis) & the impact on the environment for ideal Mitochondria adaptation for better oxygen use overall.Breaking it down into 5mins, this is the most simple breakdown of inhibition of Glycolytic Enzymes and Mitochondria you will find ANYWHERE!How to improve VO2max - Check this video out: https://youtu.be/RGUz_fCj0EM Got a question about endurance performance you want answered? Let us know, JOIN the METS Mastermind community (link below) to gain access to the FREE Facebook Group and MORE! https://go.metsperformance.com.au/free-mets-mastermind OR Check out our social pages and send us a message there: Instagram: @metsperformance

Dr. Guerra of Authentic Biochemistry continues with the 4th in a series of HCC lectures from the primary research literature by explaining the interacting roles of pyruvate kinase M2 and phosphofructokinase 2 promote aerobic glycolysis-enhancing cancer progression. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

I was listening to Eric give a lecture during his ventilator pre-conference workshop. I forget the exact context, but he mentioned that lactate was a normal product of glycolysis. While lactate can be produced through glycolysis, this statement somewhat shook my understanding of how and why lactate is produced. I approached him later and asked him to explain why you would need to produce lactate if there was neither a supply or demand of oxygen. Here is my understanding of why lactate is produced.

This episode Mike breaks down the 3 Energy Systems of the Body, Phosphagen, glycolytic and Oxidative Energy Systems ... Check it out Click Here For Full Article ,Show Notes and Infographic Train with me on Kudos! It's a new personal training and nutrition coaching service where I build a custom plans for each client and then guide the client through them 5 days a week via text, phone, and app. Best part is it's only $3 a day. And you get a $25 credit if you sign up with this link. Let me know what you think andif you have any questions!3 Sessions for $99 either in person or virtualThis episode and every episode is brought to you by our LOF Shop where you can find products and services for reaching your fitness goals on any budget go to www.lifeofafighter.com/shop This episode and every episode is brought to you by our LOF Clothing and Apparel where you can find fresh fitness gear and apparel for looking your best while reaching your fitness goals.www.LOFClothing.comSupport the LOF Podcast:Stah App - https://www.stashinvest.com/gifting/new?gift=c04985dc-410e-4c3a-a3a0-18bbe0fe3525Sign Up For the LOF Newsletter Here: http://eepurl.com/dFFMfnClick Here For More On LOF Pro Coach Program Click Here For More On LOF Fitness and Nutrition Vault Membership Social Media Accounts:@LifeofaFighter Twitter @MikeCaulo Twitter @TheLifeofaFighter Instagram @MikeCaulo Instagram

Tommy and I recorded this interview in person at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging where we were attending Dr. Dale Bredesen’s training for reversing cognitive decline. If you’ve yet to discover Dr. Bredesen’s amazing work, I’d highly recommend his STEM-Talk interview. My attempt to capture the impressiveness of the Buck Institute leaves a lot to be desired, but since I promised a photo during the recording, here it is: We love our supplements at Nourish Balance Thrive, and we regularly recommend them to the people we work with, usually when indicated by a test result. What we’re less keen on is expensive nonsense with no human data or even plausible mechanism of action. Oxaloacetate falls into this category, and in this interview, you'll learn enough biochemistry to understand why you should save your money. As always, we reserve the right to be proven wrong! In the second part of this interview, you'll learn about why it's essential to eat to fuel for your activity. We're huge fans of a ketogenic diet for a handful of very specific applications, but not as a general recommendation, especially for athletes engaging in highly glycolytic activities like Crossfit and obstacle course racing. Here’s the outline of this interview with Dr. Tommy Wood, MD PhDc: [00:00:26] Buck Institute for Research on Aging. [00:00:43] Bredesen, Dale E., et al. "Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease." Aging (Albany NY) 8.6 (2016): 1250. [00:00:59] Journal of Neuroscience. [00:02:00] Hippocampal volume increasing. [00:02:26] Blood chem, genotyping, biotoxins, heavy metals. [00:02:32] ReCode software. [00:03:17] Send me your questions for Dr. Bredesen. [00:03:41] Oxaloacetate supplementation. [00:04:01] How to Achieve Near-Normal Blood Sugar with Type 1 Diabetes with Dr. Keith Runyan, MD. [00:05:18] Caloric restriction in humans. [00:05:23] CALERIE trial. [00:06:08] Calorie restriction falters in the long run. [00:07:01] The benefit comes on the refeed. [00:07:14] Valter Longo, Ph.D. on Fasting-Mimicking Diet & Fasting for Longevity, Cancer & Multiple Sclerosis. [00:07:41] Getting Stronger with Todd Becker. [00:08:18] C. elegans. [00:08:47] Malate-aspartate shuttle. [00:09:20] NAD+/NADH ratio. [00:09:32] AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). [00:09:45] FOXO3. [00:10:01] Nicotinamide riboside (NR). [00:10:19] Strong, Randy, et al. "Evaluation of resveratrol, green tea extract, curcumin, oxaloacetic acid, and medium-chain triglyceride oil on life span of genetically heterogeneous mice." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 68.1 (2013): 6-16. [00:11:14] Toxic effects of glutamate. [00:11:48] Excitotoxicity. [00:12:30] Aspartate transaminase (AST) on a blood chem. [00:13:37] The OAA supplements include a meaningless dose anyway. [00:14:17] Anaplerotic reactions. [00:15:27] Pyruvate dehydrogenase and biotin (B7) deficiency. [00:16:54] Context for a ketogenic diet. [00:18:06] Glycolytic activity. [00:19:20] Fasting blood glucose. [00:19:36] Alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos). [00:20:01] Zinc deficiency. [00:21:26] Thyroid. [00:22:02] Deiodinase enzymes. [00:24:11] Lipids. [00:24:39] LDL receptor. [00:25:29] Red blood cell production [00:25:51] Mean corpuscular volume (MCV). [00:26:33] Macrocytosis due to folate deficiency. [00:29:24] Masharani, U., et al. "Metabolic and physiologic effects from consuming a hunter-gatherer (Paleolithic)-type diet in type 2 diabetes." European journal of clinical nutrition 69.8 (2015): 944-948. [00:31:07] Ketosis makes you sharp so you can go get some food. [00:31:46] A New Hope for Brain Tumors with Dr. Adrienne Scheck. [00:31:59] Dominic D'Agostino: Researcher and Athlete on the Benefits of a Ketogenic Diet. [00:32:08] A ketogenic diet shows some promise for Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s. [00:32:33] Light dark cycles. [00:33:18] Breast feeding and carbs. [00:33:45] Thompson, Betty J., and Stuart Smith. "Biosynthesis of fatty acids by lactating human breast epithelial cells: an evaluation of the contribution to the overall composition of human milk fat." Pediatr Res 19.1 (1985): 139-143. [00:34:05] Babies are in ketosis. [00:34:32] Medium-chain triglyceride. [00:35:07] Read, W. W. C., PHYLLIS G. LUTZ, and ANAHID TASHJIAN. "Human Milk Lipids II. The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fat on the fatty acids of mature milk. A study in four ethnic groups." The American journal of clinical nutrition 17.3 (1965): 180-183. [00:35:21] Keto rat experiment.

Grant joins Brandon in Denver again to talk about coaching athletes for the CrossFit Open. Brandon reveals how he prepares his athletes both in the off season and how his programming changes leading up to February Open season. Energy system training, prioritization of strength training, skillwork and nutrition recommendations are discussed as well as Coach Heavey's #1 tip to make sure you are prepared for the volume required to place well in the Open. While chatting coaching and programming, the gentlemen enjoy Leopold Bros. Maryland Style Rye Whiskey. [1:30] It's coming [3:00] Strength cycle timing [4:10] NFL off-season comparison [5:17] If you're not strong enough... [7:10] Energy systems [8:49] In-season vs off-season nutrition [10:17] Glycolytic and sugar as a fuel [11:52] Building up to the volume [13:04] Does your weakness matter relative to The Open? [13:48] Chest to bar example [15:24] This is the fun time of the year [17:24] Seriously [18:10] Heavey's #1 recommendation [20:35] Maryland Style Leopold Bros Rye Whiskey

Most of the commonly used antidepressants block monoamine reuptake transporters to enhance serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission. Effects besides or downstream of increased monoaminergic neurotransmission are poorly understood and yet presumably important for the drugs’ mode of action. In my PhD thesis I employed proteomics and metabolomics technologies combined with in silico analyses and identified cellular pathways affected by antidepressant drug treatment. DBA/2 mice were treated with paroxetine as a representative Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI). Hippocampal protein levels were compared between chronic paroxetine- and vehicle-treated animals using in vivo 15N metabolic labeling combined with mass spectrometry. I also studied chronic changes in the hippocampus using unbiased metabolite profiling and the time course of metabolic changes with the help of a targeted polar metabolomics profiling platform. I identified profound alterations related to hippocampal energy metabolism. Glycolytic metabolite levels acutely increased while Krebs cycle metabolite levels decreased upon chronic treatment. Changes in energy metabolism were influenced by altered glycogen metabolism rather than by altered glycolytic or Krebs cycle enzyme levels. Increased energy levels were reflected by an increased ATP/ADP ratio and by increased ratios of high-to-low energy purines and pyrimidines. Paralleling the shift towards aerobic glycolysis upon paroxetine treatment I identified decreased levels of Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enzyme levels upon the antidepressant-like 15N isotope effect in high-anxiety behavior mice. In the course of my analyses I also identified GABA, galactose-6-phosphate and leucine as biomarker candidates for the assessment of chronic paroxetine treatment effects in the periphery and myo-inositol as biomarker candidate for an early assessment of chronic treatment effects. The identified antidepressant drug treatment affected molecular pathways and novel SSRI modes of action warrant consideration in antidepressant drug development efforts.