Podcasts about Biosynthesis

Yi-Chun Chen is taking a close-up look at some of the body's hardest-working cells — the ones often processing an overabundance of modern-day food and nutrients. “From an evolutionary point of view, our cells are not designed to deal with that,” said Dr. Chen, who joined the department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology at the University of Saskatchewan last year as an assistant professor. She said our bodies are pushed into churning out large amounts of insulin rapidly after snacks and meals, “which makes the beta cells work extra hard.” Raised in Taiwan and inspired by her grandfather—a retired elementary school science teacher—Chen's fascination with biology first led her to work as a medical laboratory technologist, then to the world of cellular research. Using both rodent and human models, Chen is studying pancreatic beta cells: the way they process peptide hormones like insulin and how their behaviour and function is affected by an excess of nutrients. Using high-resolution imaging, she and her team are examining how both humans and mice synthesize, process, and clear peptide hormones. “There are a lot of things we still don't know about peptide hormones, not just in the pancreas, but in the brain, in the gut,” she said. “Those are fascinating.” Last year, Chen was the recipient of a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Early Career Transition Award. After moving from UBC to Saskatchewan, Dr. Chen said she's thankful to see so much support already from her established and mid-career prairie colleagues. “They can mentor us and guide us, and we also have a group of five or six young scientists,” she said. “I can envision myself working on many, many interesting projects with them.” Her goal today is to identify biomarkers that could predict diabetes far earlier. She hopes to develop biochemical assays that measure proinsulin levels to serve as an early warning system. This could enable interventions months or even years before a traditional diagnosis based on blood glucose levels. “We want to be able to predict the development of, for example, type 1 or type 2 diabetes before they are diagnosed,” said Chen. In the long term, Chen envisions both preventative strategies and regenerative therapies to fight diabetes. Stem cell-derived beta cells may be a future solution, she said. “We are making really good progress in Canada, actually. We have clinical trials. We're putting the stem cell–derived beta cells into patients with type 1 diabetes.” She hopes this will one day reduce the need for constant insulin injections, even helping curb  obesity. “Don't give up,” Chen said. “We are passionate and we want to work on many, many things.” “If you like it, keep going.”

CONTÁCTAME POR WHATSAPP https://wa.me/message/VLBJNM7KBBQDC1 DÉJAME CONOCER TU CASO HACIENDO CLIC AQUÍ https://nelsonarturopsicologo.com/superar-ansiedad Así puedes subir la serotonina de manera natural; y es que, el acelerado ritmo de vida del siglo XXI ha conducido a una búsqueda constante de elementos que faciliten el tener una vida más tranquila, generalmente, bajar los niveles de ansiedad y estrés, poder dormir mejor, son cosas que sin duda se puede que nos haga falta, y para ello es necesario tener niveles estables de serotonina. Este neurotransmisor es el encargado del buen funcionamiento del cerebro aparte de las células nerviosas, permitiendo nivelar las emociones. Teniendo en cuenta estos efectos, hoy te contaremos como regular los niveles de serotonina mediante el suplemento 5HTP. ¿QUÉ ES EL 5 HTP? El 5 hidroxitriptófano popularmente conocido como 5HTP es un precursor de la serotonina, es decir, un elemento vital en la formación de este neurotransmisor. Compra el 5HTP https://iherb.co/Hct3Hehe Existen diversos métodos para su obtención, siendo el más común lógicamente la ingesta de alimentos ricos en él, como la carne de pavo, el pollo, los frijoles, la carne res y bananos; sin embargo, dado los hábitos de alimentación actuales, se ha vuelto complejo añadir alguno de los alimentos anteriormente mencionadas a la dieta diaria, por lo que, una opción para su obtenerlo es mediante la suplementación. ¿POR QUÉ NO SE CONSUME SEROTONINA DE FORMA DIRECTA? Al ser un neurotransmisor que es producido naturalmente por el cuerpo humano, la serotonina es muy diferente a cualquier consumible ya sea por ingesta o por medio intravenosos, la serotonina es incapaz de superar dos barreras de nuestro organismo, la que produce el ácido gástrico, y la producida por la red hematoencefálica. LA DOSIS IDEAL DE 5HTP Se recomienda generalmente. consumir alrededor de 300 mg al día de 5HTP, siempre y cuando la persona tenga características promedio, lo que permitirá producir la serotonina necesaria para contrarrestar afectaciones negativas, como la ansiedad, la falta de sueño, mientras permite gestionar de mejor forma el estrés y regular el apetito. Como ya se ha mencionado en entregas pasadas, para dosificar eficientemente cualquier suplemento es necesario tener presente la estatura, el peso y el problema que se quiere combatir; para mencionar una cosa, puedes contactar con nosotros en Libre de Ansiedad ya que podemos asesorarte si así lo requieres. Es importante señalar que los efectos no son inmediatos, ya que se estima que el 5HTP empieza a tener un impacto significativo en el organismo de una persona entre una a tres semanas de haber empezado la ingesta, ten en cuenta que, en el caso de este potenciador de serotonina, si bien existen testimonios sobre una supuesta efectividad inmediata, suelen ser casos aislados que no representan el efecto normal del suplemento. ENLACES DE INTERÉS (H3) TRIPTÓFANO Y 5HTP PARA CURAR LA ANSIEDAD Y OTROS TRASTORNOS (https://nelsonarturopsicologo.com/triptofano-y-5htp-para-curar-la-ansiedad-y-otros-trastornos/) 7 FORMAS DE SUBIR LA SEROTONINA NATURALMENTE, Y REDUCIR LA ANSIEDAD, LA DEPRESIÓN EL ESTRÉS Y SENTIRTE MEJOR (https://nelsonarturopsicologo.com/7-formas-de-subir-la-serotonina-naturalmente/) REFERENCIAS Boer, J., & Westenberg, H. (1990). Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research, 31, 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(90)90096-N. Handley, S., & McBlane, J. (2005). 5HT drugs in animal models of anxiety. Psychopharmacology, 112, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247358. Maffei, M. (2020). 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology and Toxicology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010181. Lesch, K., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S., Greenberg, B., Petri, S., Benjamin, J., Müller, C., Hamer, D., & Murphy, D. (1996). Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region. Science, 274, 1527 - 1531. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5292.1527.

This podcast covers the cellular uses of cholesterol and a brief summary of its biosyntthesis and its regulation by intracellular levels of cholesterol. Check out the podcast on regulation of HMG CoA reductase below: https://youtu.be/FNSr3G6OTBs?si=da3V5SkXGkM8STsZ Also check out how statins reduce plasma cholesterol below: https://youtu.be/HrwI02Ww3Ew Also check out the he complete podcast on Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis below: https://youtu.be/K1i3P3KPN3g

In today's summer special, Betty takes Nick and the listeners through 12,000 years of the cannabis plant. Starting in the ancient world, through the age of sail and into the modern era, we follow the cannabis plant on its global journey and its role in human politics and development. We finish with a discussion on cannabis pharmacology, drug prohibition and challenges facing the revival of the hemp industry in modern times.Music has been removed from the podcast version of the show due to copyright. Please check out the music featured on the live show through these links or on our Spotify playlist.Music featured:Hemp – Yellow Blue Bus: https://youtu.be/FGIfNF5qO8w?si=8DRAG01hWmqRixhxGanja Farmer – J Boog: https://soundcloud.com/jboogmusic/ganja-farmerHashish – Ibrahim Maalouf: https://soundcloud.com/ibrahim-maalouf/hashishFreedom of Species Spotify playlist:https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3TJQujKYjGFoFP6LhBbaTS?si=6ghUWmzkQpyvsPJM9PNB-w&pi=rl23HPZQS1ins&fbclid=IwY2xjawHoEuJleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHRsgsJ5WkFD9Dx9vuiubNXtF1GMaFOFYw8cXDD3UdwkuYHBSswptwIw8wA_aem_AiO4AOLyNFOoqz5PRlkU5Q&nd=1&dlsi=0efe6436f2fe4f8bReferences and links:Abel, E. L. (2013). Marihuana: the first twelve thousand years. Springer Science & Business Media.Ayonrinde O. A. (2020). Cannabis and psychosis: revisiting a nineteenth century study of 'Indian Hemp and Insanity' in Colonial British India. Psychological medicine, 50(7), 1164–1172.Bania G. (2022). Shifts in therapeutic practices and decline of medicinal cannabis in Indian North-Eastern Frontier (1826-1925).  Journal of cannabis research, 4(1), 52.Borougerdi, B. J. (2014). Cord of empire, exotic intoxicant: Hemp and culture in the Atlantic world, 1600-1900 (Order No. 3626432). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; ProQuest One Academic. (1558183077).Clarke, R. C., & Merlin, M. D. (2016). Cannabis Domestication, Breeding History, Present-day Genetic Diversity, and Future Prospects. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35(5-6), 293-327.Fike, J. (2016). Industrial Hemp: Renewed Opportunities for an Ancient Crop. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35(5-6), 406-424. Gülck, T., & Møller, B. L. (2020). Phytocannabinoids: Origins and Biosynthesis. Trends in Plant Science, 25(10), 985-1004. Hart, C. L. (2022). Drug use for grown-ups: Chasing liberty in the land of fear. Penguin.Jiggens, J. (2012). Sir Joseph Banks and the question of hemp : hemp, seapower and empire, 1776-1815Mead, A. (2019). Legal and Regulatory Issues Governing Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products in the United States. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.Nutt, D. (2022) Cannabis (seeing through the smoke): The New Science of Cannabis and Your Health. Yellow Kite BooksRen, G., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Ridout, K., Serrano-Serrano, M. L., Yang, Y., Liu, A., Ravikanth, G., Nawaz, M. A., Mumtaz, A. S., Salamin, N., & Fumagalli, L. (2021). Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa. Science Advances, 7(29), eabg2286.Schluttenhofer, C., & Yuan, L. (2017). Challenges towards Revitalizing Hemp: A Multifaceted Crop. Trends in Plant Science, 22(11), 917-929.Talk from Dr. Carl Hart: Drug Use for Grownups, A Human Rights Perspective: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6PHC4p1Ohw&t=1226sDr Carl Hart Democracy Now interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKXWelf-ZvA

We're joined in this episode by Dr. Sarah Barry, Reader in Chemical Biology at King's College London. Sarah started with an interest in biochemistry, went into organic chemistry because it was more concrete, and now applies her chemist's approach to understanding and manipulating biosynthesis of natural products for important areas of research, including antibiotics. This insightful conversation gives a peek into the mind of a chemical biologist's way of thinking about and approaching challenges that span biology and chemistry. We learn about the historical challenges of discovering and synthesizing natural products, but we then hear about how innovations in molecular biology are allowing researchers to revisit this field with a new approach. Sarah and her team identify and manipulate genes, express and purify proteins in the lab, and then characterize those enzymes for their abilities to drive biocatalytic transformations that are beyond challenging using traditional organic or inorganic chemistry approaches. Our conversation spans from the details of the molecular biology methods used, to the high-level applications being explored in this research, all with an ease that only someone this interdisciplinary could do. Subscribe to get future episodes as they drop and if you like what you're hearing we hope you'll share a review or recommend the series to a colleague.  Download Transcripts: Speaking of Mol Bio Podcast | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US Visit the Invitrogen School of Molecular Biology to access helpful molecular biology resources and educational content, and please share this resource with anyone you know working in molecular biology.

References Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2016. volume 48, 224 Nature Metabolism 2023. volume 5, pages 277–293 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2019. v18. : 527–551 Pisendal . JG. 1730's. Violin Concerti. https://open.spotify.com/album/6dC3dq8i6rDeeKtz5LyhFZ?si=jUsRMIraR7-zO5o0UQGMdw --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

In the episode, we will explore a common problem with Autism- the Gastrointestinal Tract. The one consistent finding with Autism and GI is a problem exists. However, research on complicated in these complicated and complex areas of human biology despite what appears to be tight controls in the studies. However, one crucial component is missing- Light. In this episode, we will cover how biology structures order from the light input and the chaos from the environment.Major Areas include Enterochromaffin Cells, Serotonin, Aromatic Amino Acids, Vitamin D, Enteric Nervous System, the endocrine systems, and the Hypothalamic-Pitutary-Adrenal Axis.Cause of Autism: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/from-the-spectrum-finding-superpowers-with-autism/id1737499562?i=1000662271496Su study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01739-1Sunlight and Vitamin D: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897598/Multi-Axis-Meta-Analysis https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21327-9Quantum Engineering 33, 54, and 55 https://www.patreon.com/DrJackKruse/posts(0:00) Autism and the GI Tract; inconsistent research; Order versus Chaos- Light and Environment and Health Conditions(3:10) The GI Tract; Gut-Brain Axis; Gut Microbiome and Various Nervous Systems(6:22) POMC; HPA; Stress example(8:19) Common Autism problems in the GI(9:23) Enterochromaffin Cells; Serotonin; Immune and Inflammation(14:09) Melanin/POMC; Clock-Timing; Omentum(16:31) Real-life Acute GI Fix; Bacteria makes Dopamine in the Gut(19:04) Vitamin D Receptors and more Clock-Timing(22:13) Obesity and Autism connection? (uncoupled systems); Biosynthesis of Vit D and specific Wavelength of Light with Shared Biological Processes- DNA, RNA, Aromatic Amino Acids(24:33) Avoiding UV Light implications(26:18) Scientific Literature; Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Virus; "confounding" data(30:03) Ubiquinol-7, COQ10, Thiamine Diphosphate; TCA cycles(32:38) Controls (plural) in Research and lack of Control (singular); LIGHT is GREATER than FOOD(38:27) Reviews/Ratings and Contact InfoX: https://x.com/rps47586Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fromthespectrum.podcastEmail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

No Time To Read podcast S3E1 Plant carbonic anhydrase-like enzymes in neuroactive alkaloid biosynthesis Guest: Ryan Nett, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and cellular Biology, Harvard University Twitter/X: @rnett42 Host: Arif Ashraf, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Howard University Twitter/X: @aribidopsis --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/no-time-to-read-podcast/message

Subscribe to Receive Venkat's Weekly Newsletter Christina was involved in a lot of activities in High School. She was at Science Fairs. She was on the Tennis team, quiz bowl. She did choir, theater, acapella, and leadership roles. But Science was her main thing. Christina joins our podcast to share her undergraduate experience at Haverford College, Interest in Research, Winning the Goldwater Scholarship, and Advice for High Schoolers. In particular, we discuss the following with her:  Overall Haverford Experience Natural Product Biosynthesis Research The Goldwater Scholarship Advice to High Schoolers Topics discussed in this episode: Introduction to Christina McBride, Haverford College [] Hi Fives - Podcast Highlights [] Overall Haverford Experience [] Why Haverford? [] High School Interests [] Research in High School [] Transition to College [] Peers & Profs [] Starting UG Research [] The Research [] Research Outcomes [] Applying for Goldwater Scholarship [] Winning The Goldwater Scholarship [] The GW Difference [] Research Impact [] Majoring in Chemistry [] Campus Activities [] Advice for High Schoolers [] Memory [] Our Guest: Christina McBride is a Goldwater Scholar who graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Haverford College in Pennsylvania. Christina is currently pursuing her PhD in Chemical Biology at the University of Michigan Ann Arbor. Memorable Quote: “I can say my main thing is to really explore and to kind of take that jump, even if you feel unprepared, or that you don't necessarily have the skills that other people do, because you want to be able to explore so many different areas. Because even if something is tough, that doesn't mean that it's impossible. ” Christina McBride. Episode Transcript: Please visit Episode's Transcript. Similar Episodes: College Experiences , UG Research Calls-to-action: Follow us on Instagram. To Ask the Guest a question, or to comment on this episode, email podcast@almamatters.io. Subscribe or Follow our podcasts at any of these locations: Apple Podcasts, Spotify.

References Front Physiol. 2021; 12: 730829. Non-coding RNA Investig 2017. 1:5. Genome Biology 2011. volume 12, Article number: 236 RNA Biol . 2021 Nov 12;18(sup2):574-585. Hunter. R. 1975. "Cruel White Water" https://youtu.be/T-oBD3F74Nk?si=zsrEBN0JKan_FXdH --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Guerra: graduate biochemistry lectures Chopin, F. 1830. Nocturne E Flat Major Op.9 No.2 https://youtu.be/tV5U8kVYS88?si=MKxfguVRI6hhQeMO Winwood, Wood and Capaldi 1967. Dear Mr Fantasy. Traffic. https://youtu.be/sS_eHdqcrM8?si=95X9RWJD2Q4w456S --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References British J of Pharmacology 2015. Volume172, Issue17September Pages 4319-4330 Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediators. 2023 Jun:166:106726. 1718. Concerto No. 4 in F minor, Op. 8, RV 297, "Winter" (L'inverno) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Dr Guerra-lecture notes Journal of Clinical Lipidology2022.Volume 16, Issue 4, July–August Pages 472-482 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Plant Biochemistry lectures archives :Guerra Phys.Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020,22, 7912-7934 Nature Plants 2017. volume 3, Article number:17041 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

This podcast covers the regulation of HMG CoA Reductase by hormones, covalent modification, cytoplasmic cholesterol, and statins. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/a-j-ghalayini/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/a-j-ghalayini/support

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.23.533952v1?rss=1 Authors: Jackson, C. B., Marmyleva, A., Awadhpersad, R., Monteuuis, G., Mito, T., Zamboni, N., Tatsuta, T., Vincent, A. E., Wang, L., Langer, T., Carroll, C. J., Suomalainen-Wartiovaara, A. Abstract: Importance of serine as a metabolic regulator is well known in tumors and raising attention also in degenerative diseases. Recent data indicate that de novo serine biosynthesis is an integral component of metabolic response to mitochondrial disease, but the roles of the response have remained unknown. Here, we report that glucose-driven de novo serine biosynthesis maintains metabolic homeostasis in energetic stress. Pharmacological inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), aggravated mitochondrial muscle disease, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial translation, altered whole-cell lipid profiles and enhanced mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt), in vivo, in skeletal muscle and in cultured cells. Our evidence indicates that de novo serine biosynthesis is essential to maintain mitochondrial respiration, redox balance, and cellular lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our evidence implies that interventions activating de novo serine synthesis may protect against mitochondrial failure in the skeletal muscle. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.17.533218v1?rss=1 Authors: Armstrong, C., Passanisi, V. J., Ashraf, H. M., Spencer, S. L. Abstract: Faithful DNA replication requires that cells fine-tune their histone pool in coordination with cell-cycle progression. Replication-dependent histone biosynthesis is initiated at a low level upon cell-cycle commitment, followed by a burst at the G1/S transition, but it remains unclear how exactly the cell regulates this change in histone biosynthesis as DNA replication begins. Here, we use single-cell timelapse imaging to elucidate the mechanisms by which cells modulate histone production during different phases of the cell cycle. We find that CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at the Restriction Point triggers histone transcription, which results in a burst of histone mRNA precisely at the G1/S phase boundary. Excess soluble histone protein further modulates histone abundance by promoting the degradation of histone mRNA for the duration of S phase. Thus, cells regulate their histone production in strict coordination with cell-cycle progression by two distinct mechanisms acting in concert. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.06.531353v1?rss=1 Authors: Gu, Y., Alam, S., Oliferenko, S. Abstract: Cellular metabolism relies on just a few redox cofactors. Selective compartmentalization may prevent competition between metabolic reactions requiring the same cofactor. Is such compartmentalization necessary for optimal cell function? Is there an optimal compartment size? Here we probe these fundamental questions using peroxisomal compartmentalization of the last steps of lysine and histidine biosynthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. We show that compartmentalization of these NAD+ dependent reactions together with a dedicated NADH/NAD+ recycling enzyme supports optimal growth when an increased demand for anabolic reactions taxes cellular redox balance. In turn, compartmentalization constrains the size of individual organelles, with larger peroxisomes accumulating all the required enzymes but unable to support both biosynthetic reactions at the same time. We propose that compartmentalized biosynthetic reactions are sensitive to the size of the compartment, likely due to scaling-dependent changes within the system, such as enzyme packing density. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

TWiM explains the synthesis in bacteria of new energy-dense biofuels that can replace rocket and jet fuels, and the use of nanopore sequencing to improve diagnosis and treatment of patients with serious infections.   Become a patron of TWiM.   Links for this episode: Biosynthesis of high energy biofuels (Joule) Polyketide synthases in bacteria (PNAS) Sequencing for diagnosis of serious infections (mBio) Nanopore sequencing video (YouTube) Emerging human pathogen Kodamaea ohmeri (Front. Micro) Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkees and used with permission. Send your microbiology questions and comments to twim@microbe.tv

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.09.519544v1?rss=1 Authors: Turk, S. M., Indovina, C. J., Overton, D. L., Runnebohm, A. M., Orchard, C. J., Doss, E. M., Richards, K. A., Irelan, C. B., Daraghmi, M. M., Bailey, C. G., Miller, J. M., Niekamp, J. M., Gosser, S. K., Tragesser-Tina, M. E., Claypool, K. P., Engle, S. M., Buchanan, B. W., Woodruff, K. A., Olesen, J. B., Smaldino, P. J., Rubenstein, E. M. Abstract: The relationship between lipid homeostasis and protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is complex and remains incompletely understood. We conducted a screen for genes required for efficient degradation of Deg1-Sec62, a model aberrant translocon-associated substrate of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ubiquitin ligase Hrd1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This screen revealed that INO4 is required for efficient Deg1-Sec62 degradation. INO4 encodes one subunit of the Ino2/Ino4 heterodimeric transcription factor, which regulates expression of genes required for lipid biosynthesis. Deg1-Sec62 degradation was also impaired by mutation of genes encoding several enzymes mediating phospholipid and sterol biosynthesis. The degradation defect in ino4{Delta} yeast was rescued by supplementation with metabolites whose synthesis and uptake are mediated by Ino2/Ino4 targets. Stabilization of a panel of substrates of the Hrd1 and Doa10 ER ubiquitin ligases by INO4 deletion indicates ER protein quality control is generally sensitive to perturbed lipid homeostasis. Further, loss of INO4 sensitized yeast to proteotoxic stress, suggesting a broad requirement for lipid homeostasis in maintaining proteostasis. Abundance of the ER ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc7 was reduced in the absence of INO4, consistent with a model whereby perturbed lipid biosynthesis alters the abundance of critical protein quality control mediators, with broad consequences for ER proteostasis. A better understanding of the dynamic relationship between lipid homeostasis and proteostasis may lead to improved understanding and treatment of several human diseases associated with altered lipid biosynthesis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Dr Guerra's Lecture notes --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

References PLoS One. 2019 Jan 10;14(1):e0210207 Nature Communications volume 9, Article number: 1784 (2018)) Cell Death & Disease volume 8, page e2897; 2017 Nat Cell Biol. 2013 Apr;15(4):373-84 Dev Neurobiol. 2010 Jul; 70(8): 589–603 J. Lipid Res. (2022) 63(8) 100213 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

In this episode of Exploration Science, Professor David Craik talks about the discovery of the cyclotides and their potential to transform medicine and agriculture. References and links: Database of Cyclic Proteins https://www.cybase.org.au/ Biosynthesis and insecticidal properties of plant cyclotides: The cyclic knotted proteins from Oldenlandia affinis https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.191366898) Trends in Cyclotide Research https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788010153-00302) Discovery, structure, function, and applications of cyclotides: circular proteins from plants https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw210) T20K: An Immunomodulatory Cyclotide on Its Way to the Clinic https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-018-9701-1 Synthesis of Proteins by Native Chemical Ligation https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7973629 Elucidation of the Primary and Three-Dimensional Structure of the Uterotonic Polypeptide Kalata B1 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00013a002 Plant cyclotides: A unique family of cyclic and knotted proteins that defines the cyclic cystine knot structural motif https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.3383 Evaluation of the in Vivo Aphrodisiac Activity of a Cyclotide Extract from Hybanthus enneaspermus https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01045) Anthelmintic activity of cyclotides: In vitro studies with canine and human hookworms https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.003 The Engineering of an Orally Active Conotoxin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201000620) Racemic and Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptide Drug Scaffolds https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406563 Is the Mirror Image a True Reflection? Intrinsic Membrane Chirality Modulates Peptide Binding https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b11194 Cyclotides: From Structure to Function https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00402) Discovery of Cyclotides from Australasian Plants https://doi.org/10.1071/CH19658)

References Dr Guerra's lipid lectures Periodicum Biologorum 2011. 113(1):43-49 Obstet Gynecol Sci 2014. v.57(2) --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

References Dr Guerra membrane lectures Cell Metab. 2020 Dec 1;32(6):981-995.e7 PNAS 2011.108 (29) 11860-11865 J. Dev. Biol. 2020, 8(2), 10. Chem & Phys of Lipids.2000. June. 106:1-29 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

See this Podcast's Links, Descriptions, Images, Videos, etc at: https://journ.tv The Pioneer Series are interviews with awakened individuals from all walks of life who are dedicated to help create a real home world. — Find out How You Can Move Through Your Dark Night of the Soul without the years and years of struggle and suffering: https://www.pearlplanet.co/ —   Session 7: Frank Lobsiger Frank Lobsiger is the author of The Art of Self Love: loving yourself is the key to happiness, he's seminar leader, and internationally trained somatic therapist specializing in body-centered psychotherapy, life-coaching, neuromuscular re-education, trauma healing, and mindful self-exploration with certifications in Biosynthesis®, Hanna Somatic Education®, Somatic Experiencing®, and the Barbara Brennan School of Healing®.  https://theartofselflove.com

Last fall Elara and I had the opportunity to travel to Colorado and go to CSU in Ft. Collins. There we met up with  Professor Frank Dayan who teaches and studies Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Mode of Action,  and Biosynthesis. He had a 20-year career as a research plant physiologist for the USDA-ARS, before coming to Colorado State University.  He and the team at the weed lab (no not that kind of weed) are a fascinating bunch, who love what they do. So, please enjoy our conversation with Frank Dayan and what you can learn from studying weeds.Links:https://agsci.colostate.edu/people/directory-page/personnel-information/?userName=fdayanhttps://agsci.colostate.edu/weedscience/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed_scienceSupport the show

On this week's SciFiles, your hosts Chelsie and Daniel interview Philip Engelgau. Philip's research aims to understand how banana fruit is able to synthesize its characteristic aroma compounds. The chemicals that banana fruit produce and that we sense as banana-like are derived from the same metabolic routes as valine and leucine, common, primary metabolites that are essential to the day-to-day metabolism of not just bananas, but all living things. As bananas ripen, they accumulate valine and leucine simultaneously with the production of banana-aroma volatiles. However, not all is as it seems. Both valine and leucine are normally under strong feedback regulation which should prevent the stark increases that have been observed in banana fruit. This paradox suggests that banana fruit are able to somehow uniquely overcome this inhibition in order to generate these aroma chemicals. Philip's work investigates how alternative splicing, a mechanism that creates variability in how genes are expressed, of the two rate-limiting enzymes of valine and leucine biosynthesis may be leading to versions of these enzymes with compromised regulatory regions. These unregulated enzymes are likely able to produce copious amounts of valine and leucine in banana fruit and thus provide a means for the production of the banana's unique smell. If you're interested in talking about your MSU research on the radio or nominating a student, please email Chelsie and Danny at scifiles@impact89fm.org. Check The Sci-Files out on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube! 

References Dr Guerra's lecture material --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Dr. Guerra's lecture notes --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

References Dr. Guerra's lecture notes Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2021 Mar; 26: 100709. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Dr. Jon Dean is currently a doctoral candidate in Molecular and Integrative Physiology at the University of Michigan. He holds a bachelor's in chemistry and a master's in physiology. Jon's dissertation research focuses on the role of the prefrontal cortex in consciousness, anesthesia, and sleep. In 2019 he co-authored a research paper titled ‘Biosynthesis and Extracellular Concentrations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Mammalian Brain' which included some astonishing revelations about how important of a role DMT plays within mammalian bio-chemistry / neurological-function and reality-perception. Is the strongest psychedelic known to man (DMT) also a fundamental bio-chemical for the mediating of our perception of reality?

This podcast is a summary of the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids from their respective carbon skeletons. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. Similar content is available at: MEDBIOCHEM.ORG --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/a-j-ghalayini/message

This podcast describes the mechanism of action of Statins and how they are able to reduce plasma cholesterol. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/a-j-ghalayini/message

This podcast covers the regulation of HMG CoA reductase by hormones, cholesterol and statins. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/a-j-ghalayini/message

This podcast summarizes the steps of cholesterol biosynthesis starting with acetyl CoA as the precursor. This biochemistry content may be useful to premedical and medical students. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/a-j-ghalayini/message

Rob Reid (@Rob_Reid) is a tech entrepreneur, early-stage tech investor, author of After On: A Novel of Silicon Valley, and host of the After On Podcast. What We Discuss with Rob Reid: While COVID-19 has been devastating on a global scale, it's comparatively benign when we consider how bad it could have been with a deadlier, more transmissible virus and a decimated infrastructure without access to basic necessities. What gain of function research is, and why it's so dangerous in a world where even the most secure laboratories can leak pathogens into the general population. The death toll inflicted by society's suicidal mass murderers is limited only by the weapons they have available -- whether they're guns, knives, airplanes, or synthetically manufactured superviruses created by soon-to-be commonplace genetic manipulation technology. The steps we can take as an international community to fend off the malevolent efforts of a few bad actors by creating an infrastructure that can detect and prevent the spread of any potential future pandemic. How DNA printers with the ability to create pandemic-defying vaccines on demand may become as common in the home as smoke alarms. And much more... Full show notes and resources can be found here: jordanharbinger.com/510 Sign up for Six-Minute Networking -- our free networking and relationship development mini course -- at jordanharbinger.com/course! Like this show? Please leave us a review here -- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter handle so we can thank you personally!

This episode is also available as a blog post: http://biopatrika.com/2021/04/27/interview-mycobacterial-histidine-biosynthesis-infection-tuberculosis/

Another study from University of Florida is the “first report that has simultaneously evaluated the systemic exposure of 11 kratom alkaloids following the administration of traditional and commercial kratom products” (Kamble, 2021). Researchers looked at the pharmacokinectics (how drugs move through the body and are metabolized) of alkaloids in rat plasma following the oral administration … 16. Journal Club: Bioanalysis of 11 Alkaloids in Kratom Tea vs. Commercial Extract Read More » The post 16. Journal Club: Bioanalysis of 11 Alkaloids in Kratom Tea vs. Commercial Extract first appeared on Kratom Science.

On this episode of BofC Live, we connect with Dr. Mather Carscallen, the CEO and CTO of Algae-C – a plant biosynthesis company using algae to create plant-derived active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) – including cannabinoids. Carscallen describes the process of using algae for biosynthesis and the value it has to the cannabis sector – including cost, consistency and environmental impact.BofC Live is the daily news and interview program of Business of Cannabis. Business of Cannabis highlights the companies, brands, people and trends driving the sector.Learn more about Algae-C.

What will the cannabis industry look like in the next few years? Paul Rosen of Global Go shares the nine trends shaping cannabis worldwide (and wait till you hear #4). Learn more at https://globalgo.consulting  Key Takeaways: [2:22] An inside look at Global Go, one of the world’s leading consulting firms for cannabis and hemp businesses [4:34] Paul’s background and how he got into the cannabis space [10:03] The nine trends shaping cannabis on a global scale, beginning with catastrophic failure  [16:20] The divergence of medical and recreational markets [21:36] The end of Canadian domination in cannabis and the rise of the US [29:02] New FDA rulings on CBD [35:39] Biosynthesis and what it could mean for the cannabis industry [40:57] Why “cash remains king” in cannabis  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.360099v1?rss=1 Authors: Nonis, S. G., Haywood, J., Schmidberger, J. W., Bond, C. S., Mylne, J. S. Abstract: Over 30 years ago, an intriguing post-translational modification was discovered to be responsible for creating concanavalin A (conA), a carbohydrate-binding protein found in the seeds of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and commercially used for carbohydrate chromatography. Biosynthesis of conA involves what was then an unprecedented rearrangement in amino acid sequence, whereby the N-terminal half of the gene-encoded conA precursor is swapped to become the C-terminal half of conA. The cysteine protease, asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), was shown to be involved, but its mechanism was not fully elucidated. To understand the structural basis and consequences of conA circular permutation, we generated a recombinant jack bean conA precursor (pro-conA) plus jack bean AEP (CeAEP1) and solved crystal structures for each to 2.1 [A] and 2.7 [A] respectively. By reconstituting the biosynthesis of conA in vitro, we prove CeAEP1 alone can perform both the cleavage and cleavage-coupled transpeptidation to form conA. CeAEP1 structural analysis reveals how it is capable of carrying out both these reactions. Biophysical assays illustrated that conA is more thermally and pH stable than pro-conA, consistent with fewer intermolecular interactions between subunits in the pro-conA crystal structure. These findings elucidate the consequences of circular permutation in the only post-translation example known to occur in nature. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.22.349209v1?rss=1 Authors: Khandker, L., Jeffries, M. A., Chang, Y.-J., Mather, M. L., Bourne, J. N., Tafreshi, A. K., Bozdagi-Gunal, O., Macklin, W. B., Wood, T. L. Abstract: Brain and spinal cord oligodendroglia have distinct functional characteristics, and cell autonomous loss of individual genes can result in different regional phenotypes. However, sequencing studies to date have not revealed distinctions between brain and spinal cord oligodendroglia. Using single-cell analysis of oligodendroglia during myelination, we demonstrate that brain and spinal cord precursors are transcriptionally distinct, defined predominantly by cholesterol biosynthesis. We further identify mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a major regulator promoting cholesterol biosynthesis in oligodendroglia. Oligodendroglial-specific loss of mTOR compromises cholesterol biosynthesis in both the brain and spinal cord. Importantly, mTOR loss has a greater impact on cholesterol biosynthesis in spinal cord oligodendroglia that corresponds with more pronounced developmental deficits. However, loss of mTOR in brain oligodendroglia ultimately results in oligodendrocyte death, spontaneous demyelination, and impaired axonal function, demonstrating that mTOR is required for myelin maintenance in the adult brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

近日，Nature杂志在线发表了来自斯坦福大学研究者的题为“Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast”的研究论文，作者通过改造面包酵母，使得工程酵母菌可以利用简单的糖类和氨基酸直接合成生物碱类药物-东莨菪碱。

近日，Nature杂志在线发表了来自斯坦福大学研究者的题为“Biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in yeast”的研究论文，作者通过改造面包酵母，使得工程酵母菌可以利用简单的糖类和氨基酸直接合成生物碱类药物-东莨菪碱。

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.11.335315v1?rss=1 Authors: Kudo, Y., Awakawa, T., Du, Y.-L., Jordan, P. A., Creamer, K. E., Jensen, P. R., Linington, R. G., Ryan, K. S., Moore, B. S. Abstract: Bacterial hormones, such as the iconic gamma-butyrolactone A-factor, are essential signaling molecules that regulate diverse physiological processes, including specialized metabolism. These low molecular weight compounds are common in Streptomyces species and display species-specific structural differences. Recently, unusual gamma-butyrolactone natural products called salinipostins were isolated from the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora based on their anti-malarial properties. As the salinipostins possess a rare phosphotriester motif of unknown biosynthetic origin, we set out to explore its construction by the widely conserved 9-gene spt operon in Salinispora species. We show through a series of in vivo and in vitro studies that the spt gene cluster dually encodes the saliniphostins and newly identified A-factor-like gamma-butyrolactones (Sal-GBLs). Remarkably, homologous biosynthetic gene clusters are widely distributed amongst many actinomycete genera, including Streptomyces, suggesting the significance of this operon in bacteria. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.10.334391v1?rss=1 Authors: Srivastava, J., Sunthar, P., Balaji, P. V. Abstract: A distinctive feature of glycans vis-a-vis proteins and nucleic acids is its structural complexity which arises from the huge repertoire of monosaccharides, isomeric linkages and branching. Around 70 monosaccharides have so far been discovered in natural glycans and the pathway for the biosynthesis of 57 of these have been experimentally characterized. However, there is no common platform with a comprehensive information of monosaccharide pathways and enzymes. We have gathered 542 experimentally characterized enzymes of these pathways from literature and set up a first of its kind database called GlycoPathDB (http://www.bio.iitb.ac.in/glycopathdb/). Annotations such as the reaction catalysed, substrate specificity, biosynthesis pathway and PubMed IDs are provided for all the enzymes in the database. Sequence homologs of the experimentally characterized enzymes found in nearly 13,000 completely sequenced genomes from Bacteria and Archaea have also been included in the database. This platform will help in deduction of evolutionary relationships among enzymes such as aminotransferases, nucleotidyltransferases, acetyltransferases and SDR family enzymes. It can also facilitate experimental studies such as direct enzyme assays to validate putative annotations, establish structure-function relationship, expression profiling to determine the function, determine the phenotypic consequences of gene knock-out/knock-in and complementation studies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.04.282772v1?rss=1 Authors: Schuele, M., Butto, T., Dewi, S., Strand, S., Gerber, S., Endres, K., Schweiger, S., Winter, J. Abstract: Dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from idiopathic autism spectrum disorders to monogenic syndromes as for example Tuberous sclerosis complex. Thus, maintaining mTOR activity levels in a physiological range is essential for brain development and functioning. Upon activation, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth, autophagy and metabolism. On a molecular level, however, the consequences of mTOR activation are not well understood, especially in the brain. Thus, while it was shown that in cells outside the central nervous system mTORC1 activity is necessary for activating gene transcription of different metabolic pathways this mechanism is ill defined in the brain. By combining mTORC1 inhibition with RNA-sequencing we identified numerous genes of the sterol/cholesterol biosynthesis pathway to be downstream targets of mTORC1 in vitro in primary neurons and in vivo in the developing cerebral cortex of the mouse. Of note, reduced expression of these genes upon mTORC1 inhibition translated into reduced cholesterol levels. We further show that while mTORC1 does not regulate chromatin accessibility or RNA stability of these genes it drives transcription of their DNA. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified binding sites for the transcription factors SREBP, SP1 and NF-Y to be enriched in the promoters of mTORC1 target genes and confirmed binding of NF-YA by ChIP-qPCR. Altogether, our results indicate that mTORC1 is an important regulator of the expression of sterol/cholesterol biosynthesis genes in the developing brain. Altered expression of these genes may be an important contributing factor in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with dysregulated mTOR signaling. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.28.265934v1?rss=1 Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez, C. E., Hong, B., Paetz, C., Nakamura, Y., Koudounas, K., Passeri, V., Baldoni, L., Alagna, F., Calderini, O., O'Connor, S. E. Abstract: Olive (Olea europaea) is an important crop in Europe, with high cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. Olive oil flavor and quality depend on phenolic secoiridoids, but the biosynthetic pathway of these iridoids remains largely uncharacterized. We discovered two novel, bi-functional cytochrome P450 enzymes, catalysing the rare oxidative C-C bond cleavage of 7-epi-loganin to produce oleoside methyl ester (OeOMES) and secoxyloganin (OeSXS), both through a ketologanin intermediary. Although these enzymes are homologous to the previously reported Catharanthus roseus Secologanin Synthase (CrSLS), the substrate and product profiles differ. Biochemical assays provided mechanistic insights into the two-step OeOMES and CrSLS reactions. Model-guided mutations of OeOMES changed the product profile in a predictable manner, revealing insights into the molecular basis for this change in product specificity. Our results suggest that, in contrast to published hypotheses, in planta production of secoxy-iridoids is secologanin independent. Notably, sequence data of cultivated and wild olives, points to a relation between domestication and OeOMES expression. Thus, the discovery of this key biosynthetic gene suggests a link between domestication and secondary metabolism, and could potentially be used as a genetic marker to guide next-generation breeding programs. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.21.260323v1?rss=1 Authors: WANG, H., Lu, J., Wu, Y., Li, J., Li, Y., Li, Y., Bai, Z., Zheng, J., Zhu, J. Abstract: Thioamitides are a group of ribosomally synthesized and post-translational modified peptides with potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities. Their biosynthesis remains largely unknown, especially for the characteristic C-terminal 2-aminovinyl-Cysteine (AviCys) motifs. Herein, we report the discovery that homologs of class III lanthipeptide synthetases (LanKCts)encoded outside putative thioamitide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) fully dehydrate the precursor peptides. Remarkably, LanKCt enzymes bind tightly to cysteine decarboxylases encoded inside thioamitide BGCs, and the resulting complex complete the macrocyclization of AviCys rings. Furthermore, LanKCt enzymes are present in the genomes of many thioamitide-producing strains and are functional when in complex with cysteine decarboxylases to produce AviCys macrocycles. Thus, our study reveals the participation of lanthipeptide synthetases as a general strategy for dehydration and AviCys formation during thioamitides biosynthesis and thus paves the way for the bioengineering of this class of bioactive natural products. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.10.245514v1?rss=1 Authors: Li, J. S., Du, Y., Gu, D., Cai, W., Green, A., Ng, S., Leung, A., Zhang, W. Abstract: Anaerobic bacteria are a promising new source for natural product discovery. Examination of extracts from the obligate an-aerobe Clostridium roseum led to discovery of a new family of natural products, the clostyrylpyrones. The polyketide synthase-based biosynthetic mechanism of clostyrylpyrones is further proposed based on bioinformatic, gene knockout and heterologous expression studies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.05.238212v1?rss=1 Authors: Das, D., Peng, X., Lam, A.-T., Bader, J. S., Avramopoulos, D. Abstract: Antipsychotics are known to modulate dopamine and other neurotransmitters which is often thought to be the mechanism underlying their therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, other less studied consequences of antipsychotics on neuronal function may contribute to their efficacy. Revealing the complete picture behind their action is of paramount importance for precision medicine and accurate drug selection. Progress in cell engineering allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation to a variety of neuronal types, providing new tools to study antipsychotics. Here we use excitatory cortical neurons derived from iPSCs to explore their response to therapeutic levels of Clozapine as measured by their transcriptomic output, a proxy for neuronal homeostasis. To our surprise, but in agreement with the results of many investigators studying glial-like cells, Clozapine had a very strong effect on cholesterol metabolism. More than a quarter (12) of all annotated cholesterol genes (46) in the genome were significantly changed at FDR

Dr. Cris Alves discusses the latest in cannabis science and industry news. Today he reviews a very interesting paper from a lab at the University of Guelph, that characterises two unique flavonoids in Cannabis Sativa L. The paper called Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L published in PHYTOCHEMISTRY. Additional information and references: https://cannabisconciencia.org/ http://www.coopradio.org/

On this week's The Sci-Files, your hosts Chelsie and Danny interview Anastasiya Lavell and Cameron De La Mora. Anastasiya is a fifth-year graduate student in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department. She is advised by Dr. Christoph Benning.  This summer she is working with an undergraduate student from Illinois State University, Cameron De La Mora, who came to MSU through our Plant Genomics REU program.Photosynthetic organisms are key to capturing carbon dioxide and reducing it back to a usable form for other organisms to consume. The process of capturing the energy from sunlight though is quite dangerous and complex. Protein complexes and other accessory molecules are distributed in and around the thylakoid membranes, and in plants these membranes are housed by the chloroplast. Thylakoids have a special composition of membrane lipids compared to the rest of the cell in plants and studying the way these lipids are made can inform us of their importance for the process of photosynthesis. Anastasiya is currently studying a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, the protein product of which is found in the chloroplast. This protein seems to be important for maintaining the normal composition of acyl chains on the galactolipids found in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. Through traditional biochemistry and molecular biology approaches, Anastasiya is trying to pinpoint exactly how this protein is participating in chloroplast lipid biosynthesis.  Together, Anastasiya and Cameron are working to further the understanding of how this protein might act as an integral membrane protease.If you're interested in talking about your MSU research on the radio or nominating a student, please email Chelsie and Danny at scifiles@impact89fm.org. Check The Sci-Files out on Twitter @SciFiles89FM and Facebook!

Eukaryotic cells have many different membrane-bound organelles with distinct functions and characteristic shapes. How does this happen? Dr. Tom Rapoport explains the important role of protein sorting in determining organelle shape and function.

Eukaryotic cells have many different membrane-bound organelles with distinct functions and characteristic shapes. How does this happen? Dr. Tom Rapoport explains the important role of protein sorting in determining organelle shape and function.

Sarah’s research focuses on elucidating biochemical pathways in plants including those involved in the synthesis of the monoterpenes and the alkaloids, the enzymes involved and the evolution of these pathways.

DUDE GROWS CREW MEMBERSHIP HERE: https://www.dudegrows.com/value/ DUDE GROWS MERCH: https://chieftonsupply.com/collections/dude-grows-x-chiefton Or Support By Shopping For Anything On Amazon By Clicking The Link Below https://goo.gl/R9AP4 The Dude & Scotty Real Are Hanging Out, Wake & Baking & Talking About The Upcoming 710 Concentration Celebration At Cultivated Synergy On July 13th To Get Information About Tickets Email DGCCup@Gmail.com, Denver Decriminalizing Mushrooms And How It Might Effect The City Or Not In The Future, The Future Of Cannabinoids And How Yeast And Biosynthesis Might Have A Bigger Role To Play Than You Might Think, How The Entourage And A Blend Of Cannabinoids And Terepenes As Well As Other Compounds Are Behind The Varying Effects From Different Strains Of Cannabis And The Lack Thereof In Isolates & More On Todays Episode Of Wake & Bake America -8oz https://goo.gl/PCrSWH -16oz https://goo.gl/MlurOH -5lb https://goo.gl/oLNNeA

DUDE GROWS CREW MEMBERSHIP HERE: https://www.dudegrows.com/value/ DUDE GROWS MERCH: https://chieftonsupply.com/collections/dude-grows-x-chiefton Or Support By Shopping For Anything On Amazon By Clicking The Link Below https://goo.gl/R9AP4 The Dude & Scotty Real Are Hanging Out, Wake & Baking & Talking About The Upcoming 710 Concentration Celebration At Cultivated Synergy On July 13th To Get Information About Tickets Email DGCCup@Gmail.com, Denver Decriminalizing Mushrooms And How It Might Effect The City Or Not In The Future, The Future Of Cannabinoids And How Yeast And Biosynthesis Might Have A Bigger Role To Play Than You Might Think, How The Entourage And A Blend Of Cannabinoids And Terepenes As Well As Other Compounds Are Behind The Varying Effects From Different Strains Of Cannabis And The Lack Thereof In Isolates & More On Todays Episode Of Wake & Bake America -8oz https://goo.gl/PCrSWH -16oz https://goo.gl/MlurOH -5lb https://goo.gl/oLNNeA

It is is Frank the pest geek and we're going to be discussing class 15 inhibitors of biosynthesis on this edition of the pest geek podcast. Now, what is chitin inhibition? Well, it is what we use a product what is known as a chitin inhibitor which is an insect growth regulator also known as… The post CLASS 15 INHIBITORS OF CHITIN BIOSYNTHESIS TYPE 0 appeared first on Pest Geek Pest Control Podcast .

At the recent Physicians for Ancestral Health Winter Retreat I had the opportunity to sit down in person with L. Amber O’Hearn, an outspoken advocate of plant-free eating. Since learning about the zero-carb carnivore approach in 2009, Amber has become an international speaker, researcher, and writer on the subjects of ketosis and the health benefits of eating meat. In this podcast, Amber and I discuss her health journey from veganism to low carb, and then to the more radical carnivore diet. She explains how shunning plant foods led to a dramatic improvement in both her physical and mental health, ending her 20-year battle with bipolar disorder, without the use of medication. She also describes her own version of zero-carb and discusses how a carnivore diet affects ketosis. Here’s the outline of this interview with Amber O’Hearn: [00:00:23] Physicians for Ancestral Health. [00:02:01] Amber's background. [00:03:02] The path that led her to a low carb diet. [00:09:23] Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn. [00:11:53] David Chaum. [00:12:37] Zcash. [00:16:10] The Ketogenic Diet for Health: ketotic.org. [00:16:49] The value of end-to-end citations. [00:21:52] Amber's post on gluconeogenesis: If You Eat Excess Protein, Does It Turn Into Excess Glucose? [00:26:04] Josh Turknett MD; Talk: How to Win at Angry Birds: Moving Towards a More Efficient Practice Model. [00:26:14] Richard David Feinman; blog: The Other. [00:28:28] Reevaluating previous recommendations: Salt and DHA. [00:33:03] Bipolar disorder and pharmaceutical treatment. [00:40:31] Identifying the root cause of psychiatric illness. [00:45:06] Unwanted side effects from mood stabilizing drugs. [00:47:16] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). [00:53:45] Zero carb/plant free diet; Zeroing In On Health, ZIOH. ZIOH Facebook group. [00:57:05] Charles Washington, founder of ZIOH group. [00:57:49] Dry fasting leads to increased fat breakdown; Study: Rutkowska, Joanna, et al. "Increased fat catabolism sustains water balance during fasting in zebra finches." Journal of Experimental Biology 219.17 (2016): 2623-2628. [01:03:58] Pregnancy: Carbohydrate cravings and hyperemesis gravidarum. [01:05:50] Paleo Baby Podcast: Chloe Archard: Paleo advocate, mom, and host of the “Eat Better” podcast. [01:06:51] Rat study: Thompson, Betty J., and Stuart Smith. "Biosynthesis of fatty acids by lactating human breast epithelial cells: an evaluation of the contribution to the overall composition of human milk fat." Pediatric research 19.1 (1985): 139. [01:07:56] Keto Summit; Jeremy Hendon. [01:09:28] Talk at Low Carb Breckenridge: L. Amber O'Hearn - Ketosis Without Starvation: The Human Advantage. [01:10:03] The Boulder Carnivore Conference. [01:10:54] What does a carnivore diet consist of? [01:11:44] Financial considerations. [01:13:56] Paleomedicina Clinic  (ICMNI) uses a Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet. [01:14:59] Stephen Phinney, MD, PhD. [01:15:24] Optimal ketone levels graphic from The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance by Jeff Volek and Stephen Phinney. [01:17:30] Autoimmune Protocol Diet (AIP). [01:18:39] Shawn Baker. [01:20:26] Andrew Scarborough. [01:21:41] Ability to eat more protein while remaining in ketosis. [01:26:07] Georgia Ede, MD. [01:26:54] Podcast: Disruptive Anthropology: An Ancestral Health Perspective on Barefooting and Male Circumcision, with Stephanie Welch. [01:27:35] Amber’s blog: empiri.ca. [01:27:46] Twitter: @ketocarnivore. Amber’s book-in-progress: facultativecarnivore.com. You can also support Amber’s work on Patreon.

InMed Pharmaceuticals a publicly traded Canadian canna biopharmaceutical company CEO Eric Adams speak with Dan Humiston about their company's Biosynthesis research and their development of three canna drugs in their pipeline. Learn more MJBulls.comProduced By MJBulls Media | Cannabis Podcast Network

Tommy and I recorded this interview in person at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging where we were attending Dr. Dale Bredesen’s training for reversing cognitive decline. If you’ve yet to discover Dr. Bredesen’s amazing work, I’d highly recommend his STEM-Talk interview. My attempt to capture the impressiveness of the Buck Institute leaves a lot to be desired, but since I promised a photo during the recording, here it is: We love our supplements at Nourish Balance Thrive, and we regularly recommend them to the people we work with, usually when indicated by a test result. What we’re less keen on is expensive nonsense with no human data or even plausible mechanism of action. Oxaloacetate falls into this category, and in this interview, you'll learn enough biochemistry to understand why you should save your money. As always, we reserve the right to be proven wrong! In the second part of this interview, you'll learn about why it's essential to eat to fuel for your activity. We're huge fans of a ketogenic diet for a handful of very specific applications, but not as a general recommendation, especially for athletes engaging in highly glycolytic activities like Crossfit and obstacle course racing. Here’s the outline of this interview with Dr. Tommy Wood, MD PhDc: [00:00:26] Buck Institute for Research on Aging. [00:00:43] Bredesen, Dale E., et al. "Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease." Aging (Albany NY) 8.6 (2016): 1250. [00:00:59] Journal of Neuroscience. [00:02:00] Hippocampal volume increasing. [00:02:26] Blood chem, genotyping, biotoxins, heavy metals. [00:02:32] ReCode software. [00:03:17] Send me your questions for Dr. Bredesen. [00:03:41] Oxaloacetate supplementation. [00:04:01] How to Achieve Near-Normal Blood Sugar with Type 1 Diabetes with Dr. Keith Runyan, MD. [00:05:18] Caloric restriction in humans. [00:05:23] CALERIE trial. [00:06:08] Calorie restriction falters in the long run. [00:07:01] The benefit comes on the refeed. [00:07:14] Valter Longo, Ph.D. on Fasting-Mimicking Diet & Fasting for Longevity, Cancer & Multiple Sclerosis. [00:07:41] Getting Stronger with Todd Becker. [00:08:18] C. elegans. [00:08:47] Malate-aspartate shuttle. [00:09:20] NAD+/NADH ratio. [00:09:32] AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). [00:09:45] FOXO3. [00:10:01] Nicotinamide riboside (NR). [00:10:19] Strong, Randy, et al. "Evaluation of resveratrol, green tea extract, curcumin, oxaloacetic acid, and medium-chain triglyceride oil on life span of genetically heterogeneous mice." The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 68.1 (2013): 6-16. [00:11:14] Toxic effects of glutamate. [00:11:48] Excitotoxicity. [00:12:30] Aspartate transaminase (AST) on a blood chem. [00:13:37] The OAA supplements include a meaningless dose anyway. [00:14:17] Anaplerotic reactions. [00:15:27] Pyruvate dehydrogenase and biotin (B7) deficiency. [00:16:54] Context for a ketogenic diet. [00:18:06] Glycolytic activity. [00:19:20] Fasting blood glucose. [00:19:36] Alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos). [00:20:01] Zinc deficiency. [00:21:26] Thyroid. [00:22:02] Deiodinase enzymes. [00:24:11] Lipids. [00:24:39] LDL receptor. [00:25:29] Red blood cell production [00:25:51] Mean corpuscular volume (MCV). [00:26:33] Macrocytosis due to folate deficiency. [00:29:24] Masharani, U., et al. "Metabolic and physiologic effects from consuming a hunter-gatherer (Paleolithic)-type diet in type 2 diabetes." European journal of clinical nutrition 69.8 (2015): 944-948. [00:31:07] Ketosis makes you sharp so you can go get some food. [00:31:46] A New Hope for Brain Tumors with Dr. Adrienne Scheck. [00:31:59] Dominic D'Agostino: Researcher and Athlete on the Benefits of a Ketogenic Diet. [00:32:08] A ketogenic diet shows some promise for Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s. [00:32:33] Light dark cycles. [00:33:18] Breast feeding and carbs. [00:33:45] Thompson, Betty J., and Stuart Smith. "Biosynthesis of fatty acids by lactating human breast epithelial cells: an evaluation of the contribution to the overall composition of human milk fat." Pediatr Res 19.1 (1985): 139-143. [00:34:05] Babies are in ketosis. [00:34:32] Medium-chain triglyceride. [00:35:07] Read, W. W. C., PHYLLIS G. LUTZ, and ANAHID TASHJIAN. "Human Milk Lipids II. The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fat on the fatty acids of mature milk. A study in four ethnic groups." The American journal of clinical nutrition 17.3 (1965): 180-183. [00:35:21] Keto rat experiment.

Fri, 10 Dec 2010 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13146/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13146/1/Yin_Ruohe.pdf Yin, Ruohe ddc:540, ddc:500, Fakultät für

Mon, 7 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13127/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13127/1/Kolog_Gulko_Miriam.pdf Gulko, Miriam Kolog ddc:540, ddc:500, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharma

Transcript -- With antibiotic resistant bacteria constantly emerging, scientists are trying to find new types of anti bacterial drugs. One promising area of research is bacterial communication.

Transcript -- With antibiotic resistant bacteria constantly emerging, scientists are trying to find new types of anti bacterial drugs. One promising area of research is bacterial communication.

With antibiotic resistant bacteria constantly emerging, scientists are trying to find new types of anti bacterial drugs. One promising area of research is bacterial communication.

With antibiotic resistant bacteria constantly emerging, scientists are trying to find new types of anti bacterial drugs. One promising area of research is bacterial communication.

Background: In contrast to the increasing numbers of agents for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, discoveries of new antifungal agents with therapeutic value in dermatomycoses are reported only rarely. Methods: Abafungin (chemical abstracts service registry No. 129639-79/8) is the first member of a novel class of synthetic antifungal compounds, the arylguanidines. It was first synthesized at Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany, and its antifungal action was discovered during the screening of H-2-receptor antagonists based on the structure of famotidine. To obtain insight into its mode of action and antifungal activity, various tests were carried out with different fungal pathogens in vitro. Results: Abafungin was found to have potent antifungal activity. Furthermore, mode-of-action studies suggested that abafungin exerts its antifungal activity regardless of whether the pathogens are growing or in a resting state. One target of abafungin was found to be the inhibition of transmethylation at the C-24 position of the sterol side chain, catalyzed by the enzyme sterol-C-24-methyltransferase. A second action of abafungin seems to be a direct effect on the fungal cell membrane. Conclusion: The observed characteristics of abafungin indicate that abafungin might be a promising antifungal agent defining a new class of antimycotics. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Phylloquinone is a compound present in all plants serving as cofactor for photosystem I mediated electron transport during photosynthesis. This work reports on the identification and analysis of several Arabidopsis thaliana phylloquinone absence (pha) and isochorismate synthase (ics) mutants impaired in the biosynthesis of PhQ (vitamin K1). Besides the complete lack of PhQ, these plants show a typical phenotype characterized by seedling lethality, photosynthetic defects specifically related to impaired photosystem I accumulation/activity to 5-15% of wild-type levels and partial recovery of 15% PhQ content and 50-70% PSI accumulation/activity after feeding with the metabolic precursor of vitamin K1, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate. Map-based localization of the mutated allele in the pha plants identified a new gene, called PHYLLO. It consists of a fusion of four previously individual eubacterial genes, menF, menD, menC, and menH, required for the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic phylloquinone in cyanobacteria and the respiratory menaquinone in eubacteria. The fact that homologous men genes still reside as polycistronic units in plastomes of red algae and in eubacterial chromosomes strongly suggests that PHYLLO derived from an operon present in the proto-organelle precursor of all plastids. The principle architecture of the PHYLLO locus is conserved in the nuclear genomes of plants and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, indicating that selective forces have been acting to maintain the cluster structure in the form of a gene fusion, presumably as an adaptation of an multifunctional association of four enzymatic activities already pre-existing in the chloroplast. In line with this finding, the data present in this work suggest that the PHYLLO composite product is part of a metabolon for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone. The menF module of PHYLLO in Chlamydomonas, encoding the isochorismate synthase activity, is full-length, whereas in higher plants this module surprisingly lacks the functional 3’ part, uncovering a recent gene splitting event during evolution. Such a gene fission event, which resulted in inactivation of the encoded ICS enzymatic activity from PHYLLO, must have been preceded by establishment of a second functional copy of the menF gene. Accordingly, double-knockouts of the ICS1 and ICS2 genes in Arabidopsis analysed during this work, were unable to synthesize PhQ, demonstrating that the activity of the menF module of PHYLLO has been replaced after the splitting of the 3’-region by at least one more ICS gene present in genomes of higher plants. The fact that ICS1 is also required for salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, establishes a metabolic link between photosynthesis and systemic acquired resistance. Therefore, gene fusion, duplication and fission events adapted a eubacterial multienzymatic system to the metabolic requirements of plants. Despite the essential function of PhQ for PSI stability and plant viability, analyses of ics heterozygous knockout plants, as well as complementation of the pha mutants by NA feeding and transgenic forms of PHYLLO demonstrate that the bulk of cellular phylloquinone is not associated with photosystem I, opening the possibility for additional functions of vitamin K1 in plant cell membranes.

Background/Aim: N-6 fatty acids are considered to promote diseases prevalent in industrialized countries and characterized by an increased eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (AA). We investigated the impact of the linoleic acid (LA) intake on AA levels in humans. Methods: Six healthy female volunteers (age range 2334 years) were given liquid formula diets (LFD) devoid of AA for 6 weeks, providing a constant intake of zero energy% (LFD 0: protein 15%, carbohydrates 85%) or 20 energy% (LFD 20: protein 15%, carbohydrates 55%, fat 30%) LA, for 3 weeks each. Fatty acids of plasma cholesteryl esters and platelet lipids were determined each week, and the prostaglandin biosynthesis was measured in 24-hour urine samples. Results: LFD 0 increased (+31% of initial value) and LFD 20 lowered (-30% of initial value) the percentage of AA in plasma cholesteryl esters and platelet lipids. Moreover, absence of dietary AA lowered the percentages of AA in plasma (-31% week 0 vs. week 6) and platelet (-11%) lipids, indicating a low transformation of LA. LFD 0 reduced urinary metabolite levels of prostaglandins D, E, and F in 24-hour urine samples (-48%, p < 0.001) within 24 h, but did not significantly affect platelet aggregation (-10%) and thromboxane formation (-25%). LFD 20 significantly lowered platelet aggregation (-25%) and thromboxane formation (-43%). The prostaglandin metabolite levels increased during the first 10 days, declined thereafter, and were lower than the preexperimental values at the end of the 3-week period. Conclusions: The results show that dietary LA does not increase the AA levels in plasma or platelet lipids and does not persistently contribute to prostaglandin biosynthesis which is increased by AA intake with Western diets.

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix surrounding the oocyte and the early embryo that exerts several important functions during fertilization and early embryonic development. The ZP of most mammalian species is composed of three glycoproteins (ZPA, ZPB, ZPC), products of the gene families ZPA, ZPB and ZPC that have been found to be highly homologous within mammalian species. Most data on the structure and function of the ZP are obtained from studies in mouse. New data from pig and other domestic animals, however, indicate that the mouse model does not hold for all other species. Whereas in the mouse ZPB is the primary sperm receptor, in the pig ZPA has been shown to possess receptor activity. Contrary to the mouse, where the growing oocyte is the only source of zona glycoproteins, in domestic animals these proteins are expressed in both the oocyte and granulosa cells in a stage-specific pattern and may play also a role in granulosa cell differentiation. In several mammalian species, the epithelial secretory cells of the oviduct synthesize and secrete specific glycoproteins (oviductins) that become closely associated with the ZP of the ovulated oocyte. Once bound to the ZP, oviductin molecules could act as a protective layer around the oocyte and early embryo by virtue of their densely glycosylated mucin-type domains. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Sun, 1 Jan 1989 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3078/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3078/1/3078.pdf Feucht, Helmut E.; Zwirner, Jörg; Bevec, Dorian; Lang, M.; Felber, E.; Riethmüller, Gert; Weiß, Elisabeth Feucht, Helmut E.; Zwirner, Jörg; Bevec, Dorian; Lang, M.; Felber, E.; Riethmüller, Gert und Weiß, Elisabeth (1989): Biosynthesis of complement C4 messenger RNA in normal human kidney. In: Nephron, Vol. 53: pp. 338-342. Biologie

In Coptis japonica cell cultures an alternative pathway has been discovered which leads from (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine via (S)-canadine to berberine. The two enzymes involved have been partially purified. (S)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine is stereospecifically transformed into (S)-canadine under formation of the methylenedioxy bridge in ring A. This new enzyme was named (S)-canadine synthase. (S)-Canadine in turn is stereospecifically dehydrogenated to berberine by an oxidase, (S)-canadine oxidase (COX), which was partially purified (25-fold). This enzyme has many physical properties in common with the already known (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase from Berberis but grossly differs from the latter enzyme in its cofactor requirement (Fe) and its substrate specificity. Neither (S)-norreticuline nor (S)-scoulerine serves as substrate for the Coptis enzyme, while both substrates are readily oxidized by the Berberis enzyme. The four terminal enzymes catalyzing the pathway from (S)-reticuline to berberine are housed in Berberis as well as in Coptis in smooth vesicles with a density of =1.14 g/ml. These vesicles have been enriched and characterized by electron microscopy.

The enzyme which transfers the CH3-group of S-adenosylmethionine to the nitrogen atom of (S)-tetrahydroberberine and (S)-stylopine is found to occur in a number of plant cell cultures originating from species containing alkaloids; it is located at an important branch point in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.

A specific methyltransferase which in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine [SAM] converts columbamine to palmatine has been demonstrated to occur in cell cultures. The enzyme acts only on the quaternary alkaloid as substrate, not on its tetrahydro derivative, which fact is in sharp contrast to previous claims.

Tue, 1 Jan 1985 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3630/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3630/1/010.pdf Zenk, Meinhart H.; Rüffer, Martina; Amann, Manfred; Deus-Neumann, Brigitte; Nagakura, Naotaka Zenk, Meinhart H.; Rüffer, Martina; Amann, Manfred; Deus-Neumann, Brigitte und Nagakura, Naotaka (1985): Benzylisoquinoline Biosynthesis by Cultivated Plant Cells and Isolated Enzymes. In: Journal of Natural Products, Vol. 48, Nr. 5: pp. 725-738. Chemie und Ph

Suspension cultures of Berberis species are useful sources for the detection and isolation of a new enzyme which transfers the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine specifically to the 9-position of the (S)-enantiomer of scoulerine, producing (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine. The enzyme was enriched 27-fold; it is not particle bound, has a pH optimum of 8.9, a molecular weight of 63 000 and shows a high degree of substrate specificity.

Suspension cultures of Berberis species are useful sources for the detection and isolation of a new enzyme which transfers the methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine specifically to the 9-position of the (S)-enantiomer of scoulerine, producing (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine. The enzyme was enriched 27-fold; it is not particle bound, has a pH optimum of 8.9, a molecular weight of 63 000 and shows a high degree of substrate specificity.

Sat, 1 Jan 1983 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7399/1/7399.pdf Neupert, Walter; Zimmermann, Richard

Feeding experiments with distant single or doubly labelled precursors show that the methylene dioxy group of berberine is opened in the formation of jatrorrhizine.

Sat, 1 Jan 1983 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7408/1/7408.pdf Neupert, Walter; Teintze, Martin ddc:610, Medizin

Mitochondrial porin, the major protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane is synthesized by free cytoplasmic polysomes. The apparent molecular weight of the porin synthesized in homologous or heterologous cell-free systems is the same as that of the mature porin. Transfer in vitro of mitochondrial porin from the cytosolic fraction into the outer membrane of mitochondria could be demonstrated. Before membrane insertion, mitochondrial porin is highly sensitive to added proteinase; afterwards it is strongly protected. Binding of the precursor form to mitochondria occurs at 4°C and appears to precede insertion into the membrane. Unlike transfer of many precursor proteins into or across the inner mitochondrial membrane, assembly of the porin is not dependent on an electrical potential across the inner membrane.

Sat, 1 May 1982 12:00:00 +0100 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119560512/abstract https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7396/1/Neupert_Walter_7396.pdf Neupert, Walter; Miller, Fritz; Janes, Michael; Zimmermann, Richard; Desel, Herbert ddc:610, Medizin

Fri, 1 Jan 1982 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3599/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3599/1/3599.pdf Schultz, Gernot; Soll, Jürgen; Fiedler, Erich Wintermanns, F. G. J. M. (Hrsg.) (1982): The biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds in the chloroplast from the compartmental view. 5. Internat. Symposium on the Biochemistry and Metabolism of Plant Lipids, June 7 - 10, 1982, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Homogentisate is the precursor in the biosynthesis of -tocopherol and plastoquinone-9 in chloroplasts. It is formed of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate of the shikimate pathway by the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. In experiments with spinach the dioxygenase was shown to be localized predominatedly in the chloroplasts. Envelope membranes exhibit the highest specific activity, however, because of the high stromal portion of chloroplasts, 60–80% of the total activity is housed in the stroma. The incorporation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into 2-methyl-6-phytylquinol as the first intermediate in the tocopherol synthesis by the two-step-reaction: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Homogentisate 2-Methyl-6-phytylquinol was demonstrated by using envelope membranes. Homogentisate originates directly from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate of the shikimate pathway. Additionally, a bypass exists in chloroplasts which forms 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate from tyrosine by an L-amino-acid oxidase of the thylakoids and in peroxisomes by a transaminase reaction. Former results about the dioxygenase in peroxisomes were verified.

Biosynthesis of isocitrate lyase, a tetrameric enzyme of the glyoxysomal matrix, was studied in Neurospora crassa, in which the formation of glyoxysomes was induced by a substitution of sucrose medium by acetate medium. * 1. Translation of Neurospora mRNA in reticulocyte lysates yields a product which has the same apparent molecular weight as the subunit of the functional enzyme. Using N-formyl[35S]methionyl tRNAMetf as a label, the translation product shows the same apparent size which indicates that the amino terminus has no additional 'signal'-type sequence. * 2. Read-out systems employing free and membrane-bound polysomes show that only free ribosomes are active in the synthesis of isocitrate lyase. * 3. Isocitrate lyase synthesized in reticulocyte lysate is released into the supernatant and is soluble in a monomeric form. It interacts with Triton X-100 to form mixed micells in contrast to the functional tetrameric form. * 4. Transfer of isocitrate lyase synthesized in vitro into isolated glyoxysomes is suggested by results of experiments in which supernatants from reticulocyte lysates are incubated with a particle fraction isolated from acetate-grown cells. No transfer occurs when particles from non-induced cells are employed. Resistance to added proteinase is used as a criterion for transmembrane transfer. The data support a post-translational transfer mechanism for isocitrate lyase. They suggest that isocitrate lyase passes through a cytosolic precurscr pool as a monomer and is transferred into glyoxysomes.

Tue, 1 Jan 1980 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3488/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3488/1/038.pdf Soll, Jürgen; Douce, Roland; Schultz, Gernot Soll, Jürgen; Douce, Roland und Schultz, Gernot (1980): Site of biosynthesis of a-tocopherol in spinach chloroplasts. In: FEBS Letters, Vol. 112, Nr. 2: pp. 243-246. Biologie

Sat, 1 Dec 1979 12:00:00 +0100 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T36-44DSR1F-B5&_user=616146&_coverDate=12%2F15%2F1979&_rdoc=18&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%234938%231979%23998919997%23272157%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=4938&_sort=d&_docancho https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7342/1/Neupert_Walter_7342.pdf Neupert, Walter; Harmey, Matthew A. ddc:610, Medizin

Mon, 1 Jan 1979 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3638/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3638/1/019.pdf Nagakura, Naotaka; Rüffer, Martina; Zenk, Meinhart H. Nagakura, Naotaka; Rüffer, Martina und Zenk, Meinhart H. (1979): The biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from strictosidine. In: Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: pp. 2308-2312. Chemie und Pharmazie

Mon, 1 Jan 1979 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3637/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3637/1/018.pdf Rüffer, Martina; Kan-Fan, Christiane; Husson, Henri-Phillipe; Stöckigt, Joachim; Zenk, Meinhart H. Rüffer, Martina; Kan-Fan, Christiane; Husson, Henri-Phillipe; Stöckigt, Joachim und Zenk, Meinhart H. (1979): 4,21-Dehydrogeissoschizine, an intermediate in heteroyohimbine alkaloid biosynthesis. In: Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications: pp. 1016-1018. Chemie

Sun, 1 Jan 1978 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7333/1/7333.pdf Neupert, Walter; Korb, Harald; Zimmermann, Richard

Sun, 1 Jan 1978 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7336/1/7336.pdf Neupert, Walter

Sun, 1 Jan 1978 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3639/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3639/1/3639.pdf Stöckigt, Joachim; Rüffer, Martina; Zenk, Meinhart H.; Hoyer, G. A. Stöckigt, Joachim; Rüffer, Martina; Zenk, Meinhart H. und Hoyer, G. A. (1978): Indirect identification of 4,21-dehydrocorynenantheinaldehyde as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ajmalicine and related alkaloids. In: Planta Medica, Vol. 33: pp. 188-

Using differently labelled precursors, it was established that rhododendrin (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl-β- -glucopyranoside) is formed through the phenylpropane pathway via p-coumaryl alcohol, dihydro-p-coumaryl alcohol and C-methylation of the γ-C-atom of the C6---C3 unit with methionine supplying the methyl group. It was demonstrated that the pro-(S)-hydrogen atom of dihydro-p-coumaryl alcohol is replaced stereospecifically by the methyl group.

Wed, 1 Jan 1975 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3642/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3642/1/026.pdf Klischies, Martina; Stöckigt, Joachim; Zenk, Meinhart H. Klischies, Martina; Stöckigt, Joachim und Zenk, Meinhart H. (1975): Biosynthesis of the allylphenols eugenol and methyleugenol in Ocymum basilicum L. In: Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications: pp. 879-880. Chemie und

Outer and inner membranes of Neurospora crassa mitochondria were separated by the combined swelling, shrinking, sonication procedure. Membranes were characterized by electron microscopy and by marker enzyme activities. A red carotenoid pigment was found to be concentrated in the outer membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane was resolved into about 20 protein bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the outer membrane shows essentially one single protein band. Only negligible incorporation of radioactive amino acids occurs into outer membrane when isolated mitochondria are synthesizing polypeptide chains. In agreement with this observation labeling of outer membrane protein is almost entirely blocked, when whole Neurospora cells are incubated with radioactive amino acids in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Finally, the essential electrophoretic protein band from outer membrane does not become labeled when mitochondria are incubated with radioactive amino acids either in vitro or in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. It is concluded that the vast majority, if not all, of the outer membrane protein is synthesized by the cytoplasmic system and that polypeptide chains formed by the mitochondrial ribosomes are integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane.