Podcasts about Lactate

We take a very deep dive into the world of lactate. Starting out with "metabolic logic" to illustrate how and why lactate gets formed during exercise, we then get into the idea of "glycolytic strength" as well as the lactate shuttle hypothesis. Then we tackle lactate testing, with a critical eye on first threshold (LT1), lactate concentrations and various threshold definitions, as well as sources of variability that affect how valid test results may be. We end with your listener questions, including lactate gels.

In this episode, Dr. Jeffrey Gladden and psychiatrist Dr. Matt Bernstein discuss the evolving landscape of mental health treatment. Bernstein shares his extensive experience in psychiatry, particularly with serious mental health conditions, and highlights the limitations of traditional medication approaches. He advocates for a more holistic view that considers metabolic health and mitochondrial function as critical components in understanding and treating mental health issues. The conversation also delves into the benefits of the ketogenic diet, cognitive flexibility, and the complexities of medication management in psychiatric care. In this conversation, Dr. Gladden and Matt Bernstein explore the intricate relationship between mental health, metabolism, exercise, and the role of psychedelics in therapy. They discuss the negative metabolic impacts of psychotropic medications, the significant benefits of exercise for mental health, and the importance of understanding individual genetics in managing depression. The conversation also delves into the role of lactate in brain health, mitochondrial function, and the potential of psychedelic therapies for personal transformation. Ultimately, they emphasize the need for a holistic approach to health that encompasses physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. For Audience Join the other 20,000+ high-performers getting weekly insights on biological reversal, exponential strategies, and Life Energy optimization→ https://start.gladdenlongevity.com/subscribe If you're ready to measure your 60+ biological ages and build a personalized reversal plan, apply for a discovery call here → https://start.gladdenlongevity.com/apply-now   Use code 'Podcast10' to get 10% OFF on any of our supplements at https://gladdenlongevityshop.com/!    Takeaways ·       Matt Bernstein has 26 years of experience in psychiatry. ·       He works with serious mental health conditions like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. ·       Traditional psychiatric medications often lead to metabolic and neurological side effects. ·       Anhedonia is a significant issue in mental health, meaning a lack of pleasure. ·       There is a need for a fresh perspective on mental health rooted in metabolism. ·       Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to serious mental illnesses. ·       The ketogenic diet can be an effective intervention for mental health. ·       Cognitive flexibility is crucial for managing mental health conditions. ·       Medication management is complex and requires careful consideration. ·       Not all patients can or should stop their medications completely. Psychotropic medications can negatively impact metabolic health. ·       Exercise has a greater effect on depression than antidepressants. ·       Intense exercise is crucial for mental health benefits. ·       Genetics play a significant role in individual responses to depression. ·       Lactate production during exercise is beneficial for brain health. ·       Mitochondrial health is essential for longevity and mental well-being. ·       Stress affects both neurological and hormonal health. ·       Psychedelic therapies can provide transformative experiences for some individuals. ·       Social connectedness and purpose are vital for longevity. ·       Holistic approaches to health should integrate physical, mental, and spiritual aspects.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Mental Health Perspectives 02:58 The Limitations of Traditional Psychiatry 05:54 Exploring Root Causes in Mental Health 09:05 The Role of Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function 11:54 The Ketogenic Diet as a Therapeutic Approach 14:59 Cognitive Flexibility and Mental Health 17:56 Medication Management in Psychiatric Care 23:24 Impact of Psychotropics on Metabolism 24:49 The Role of Exercise in Mental Health 27:53 Genetics and Personal Insights on Depression 29:32 Lactate Production and Brain Health 32:46 Mitochondrial Health and Longevity 36:30 Mind-Body Connection and Stress Management 39:08 Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies 45:07 Optimizing Longevity and Health Span To learn more about Dr. Matt Bernstein:Website: www.accordmh.com LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/mattbernsteinmd   Reach out to us at:    Website: https://gladdenlongevity.com/     Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Gladdenlongevity/    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gladdenlongevity/?hl=en     LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/gladdenlongevity    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5_q8nexY4K5ilgFnKm7naw    

We had regrettable hot takes on cleaning exercise equipment before this great episode! The main training topic was on a new study highlighting the important of the lactate shuttle. We zoom out to discuss the implications for aerobic training. We also talked about mysteries around fatigue resistance! In the lab, you can't predict fatigue resistance from fresh values (or from metabolic values during training). What are the implications? Our framework of “carb ox after fat ox” can provide some options.Other topics: Megan's return to racing, a formal apology, a new study on hand and arm cooling, exercise science gone wrong in the NFL, bone health and carbs, and questions on the 6-12-18-24 challenge, wedding speeches, fatigue miles in the context of zone compression theory, and improving bike power for runners.We love you all! HUZZAH!Click "Get 40% Off" button for 40% off at The Feed here: thefeed.com/swapBuy Janji's amazing gear: https://janji.com/swapGet a deal on the best treadmill on the market from Wahoo: https://www.wahoofitness.com/devices/running/treadmills/kickr-run-buy (code “SWAP”)For training plans, weekly bonus podcasts, heart rate zones, articles, and videos: patreon.com/swap

Dr. Jared Rutter, PhD, Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Utah and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, is a leading expert on mitochondria and metabolism. He explains how mitochondria produce the energy for your cells to work but also how they regulate cell growth and replication and thereby contribute to health and disease. We also discuss how mitochondria are linked to aging, cancer, and other diseases. Our conversation explores your metabolism as the composite of trillions of individual cells and points to new ways to improve health, avoid, and treat diseases. Show notes: https://go.hubermanlab.com/297-jared-rutter Pre-order Protocols: https://protocolsbook.com Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Jared Rutter (00:02:29) Metabolism, Cells; Aging (00:08:36) Mitochondria, Origin & Cell Complexity (00:13:07) Sponsors: Joovv & BetterHelp (00:15:16) Mitochondria Genome, Inheritance (00:18:18) Mitochondria & Spatial Distribution; Cell-Specific Metabolism (00:25:59) Nutrient Energy, Hormones, Fat Cells (00:31:13) Glucose, ATP Conversion, Pyruvate (00:36:41) Cell Choice: Energy or Growth, Cancer; Virus (00:46:02) Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep (00:48:36) Microbiome, Role of Humans (00:51:44) Molecule Discovery Process, MPC1, MPC2 (00:59:42) Cell Resource Sensing, Fasting, Glucagon, Fat Cells; Neurons, Heart (01:07:03) Cell Resource Allocation, MPC, Heart Failure; Disease (01:11:46) Sponsor: Function (01:13:24) Cell Size vs Fuel Balance, Cell Identity & Disease (01:20:43) MPC Discovery, Genetics, Model Systems (01:24:29) Lactate, Oxygen, Exercise; Energy Prioritization Hierarchy (01:31:32) Cancer, Mutations, Metabolism Changes & Warburg Effect (01:36:18) Cancer Challenges & Therapies (01:43:00) Therapy Combinations, Unique Cancer Mutations & Metabolism (01:48:31) Technology to Visualize Metabolism; Disease, Metabolism & Scents (01:56:34) Excess Energy & Mitochondria, Reactive Oxygen Species (02:01:12) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Christian Brothers Academy Head Cross Country Coach Sean McCafferty joins Airey Bros Radio for a deep dive into one of the most storied high school cross country programs in America.Coming off a historic 2025 season, McCafferty was named the Joe Newton Coach of the Year after leading CBA to 3rd place at Nike Cross Nationals (NXN) with a New Jersey-record 15:54 team average. Under his leadership, the Colts have won seven Meet of Champions titles, six Nike Northeast Regional titles and qualified for NXN eight consecutive times.Sean takes us back to his roots in New Jersey distance running, growing up in a running family, his own career at Princeton, becoming a teacher and coach, and eventually taking over the legendary CBA Cross Country program from Tom Heath.We get deep into what has allowed CBA to remain one of the premier high school distance programs in the country: evolving training philosophies, slowing down easy days, threshold training, heart-rate data, lactate testing, building athlete confidence, developing team culture and teaching runners to care about one another.Coach McCafferty also breaks down the modern college recruiting landscape and why the best opportunity for a high school runner isn't always NCAA Division I. We discuss D1, D2 and D3 recruiting, Ivy League academics, social media and Strava, the pressure of coaching a national powerhouse, CBA alumni culture, Nike Cross Nationals and what the next generation of Colts looks like heading into the 2026 cross country season.If you're a high school cross country runner, distance coach, parent, college recruit or fan of New Jersey running, this one is loaded.

A Nobel Prize-winning discovery from 1931 described a cellular “fermentation switch” tied to cancer. That same switch shows up — in a much milder form — in millions of exhausted, foggy, always-cold people who've never had the right tests run.TLDR: Fatigue that sleep doesn't fix. Brain fog. Always cold. Muscle heaviness. Crashing after a workout. These aren't personality traits or “just aging”; they're often signs that your mitochondria, the tiny power plants inside every cell, aren't running the way they should. In this episode, I walk through:* What mitochondria actually do (in plain English)* The 6 physical warning signs your body sends when they're struggling* The 5 lab markers that reveal mitochondrial stress — most of which your standard panel isn't interpreting correctly* Why your body's pH and proton gradient might be the most underrated marker you've never heard of* 8 ways to start rebuilding mitochondrial function this week, starting todayWhat Mitochondria Actually Are (In Plain English)This is a very rudimentary explanation…Every one of your roughly 37 trillion cells contains tiny structures called mitochondria. Their job is to take the food you eat and the oxygen you breathe and convert them into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).Think of it like currency exchange. Food is your paycheck. But you can't pay your bills with a paycheck directly. You have to convert it into cash first. That's what mitochondria do. Your heart, brain, and liver cells are packed with hundreds to thousands of them, because those organs demand the most energy.So the real question is: what happens when those mitochondria get damaged?The Warburg Connection And What It Actually Tells UsIn 1931, German biochemist Otto Warburg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on cellular respiration. Part of what made him famous was an earlier observation: many cancer cells generate energy primarily through fermentation (a process called aerobic glycolysis) rather than through the oxygen-based process healthy cells typically rely on - even when plenty of oxygen is available. Warburg's Nobel Prize was officially awarded for his discovery of the respiratory enzyme, and part of what he demonstrated along the way was that cancerous cells can live and develop even in the absence of oxygen. This pattern is now known as the Warburg effect.Here's where I want to be careful, because this is the kind of claim that's easy to oversimplify. It's tempting to say “damaged mitochondria cause cancer,” full stop. The real picture is messier and still debated. Researchers have gone back and forth for decades on whether this metabolic shift is a cause of cancer or a consequence of it, and more importantly, later research found that in most cancers, the mitochondria aren't actually broken. Subsequent research has shown that mitochondrial function is not impaired in most cancer cells, even though those cells still preferentially ferment glucose. The “why” behind that switch remains one of the more actively studied questions in cancer metabolism.So what does this mean for you, a person who almost certainly doesn't have cancer but does feel exhausted all the time? It means the fermentation-under-stress pattern Warburg first described is a real, well-documented phenomenon in cell biology, but I'm not going to tell you that your fatigue is “pre-cancer” or that a milder version of the Warburg effect is definitively what's causing your brain fog. What the broader mitochondrial dysfunction research does support is more modest and, frankly, more useful: when mitochondria are chronically stressed by poor diet, chronic stress, poor sleep, toxin exposure, or simply aging, cells generate less usable energy and more oxidative byproducts, and that shows up in the body long before it shows up on a standard lab panel.The Physical Warning Signs Most Doctors MissI hear a version of this sentence constantly: “My doctor ran labs and everything came back normal.” I believe them - the numbers usually do fall within standard reference ranges. But standard panels weren't built to catch mitochondrial strain. The body, on the other hand, tends to tell you well before a lab does. As you read this list, take honest mental inventory:* Brain fog and poor concentration. Your brain uses roughly 20% of your total energy output despite being about 2% of your body weight, so when brain-cell mitochondria underperform, mental clarity is often the first thing to go.* Fatigue that sleep doesn't fix. Not “I'm tired,” but “I slept eight hours, and I'm still exhausted.” This is one of the most common complaints I hear in practice.* Always feeling cold, or a low body temperature. Body heat is a byproduct of mitochondrial activity, so a consistently low waking temperature (roughly below 97.8°F) can point to a slower metabolic rate.* Muscle weakness or heaviness without a clear cause. Muscle cells are mitochondria-dense and need constant energy for contraction.* Exercise intolerance. You work out, and instead of feeling good afterward, you're wiped out for days without properly recovering.* Sensitivity to light or sound. Sensory processing is energy-expensive, and when cellular energy runs low, the nervous system loses some of its buffering capacity.None of these symptoms are proof of mitochondrial dysfunction on their own; fatigue and brain fog have a long list of possible causes, from thyroid issues to iron deficiency to depression to sleep apnea, and a thorough workup should rule those out first. But if several of these are chronic and unexplained, mitochondrial strain deserves a place on the list.The Lab Markers That Tell the Real StoryThese are markers you can request from a standard blood draw, though a few need to be ordered specifically. I want to flag something important up front: the “optimal” ranges I use in my own practice are tighter than the standard reference range most labs will flag as normal. That's intentional. A value can sit inside the reference range and still not be where I'd want to see it for someone chasing energy and longevity, rather than just ruling out overt disease. That distinction matters, and it's worth discussing with your own physician rather than self-diagnosing off a lab printout.* Fasting insulin. Most labs allow up to 25 µIU/mL as “normal.” I typically look for something closer to 2–5. Insulin creeping up into the high single digits or beyond can be an early sign that cells are struggling to use glucose efficiently.* Fasting glucose. Optimal is generally lower than most people assume, closer to 72–85 mg/dL rather than the upper 90s that many labs will still call normal.* High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). This measures systemic inflammation. Levels of CRP less than 1 mg/L are generally considered low cardiovascular risk, 1 to 3 mg/L moderate risk, and above 3 mg/L elevated risk. Damaged mitochondria leak more free radicals, and that oxidative debris is one of several things that can trigger this kind of low-grade inflammatory signal.* CO2 (bicarbonate). Part of a standard basic metabolic panel, usually reported somewhere in the low-to-high 20s (mEq/L). When it trends toward the lower end, it can be a signal of mild metabolic acidosis; worth flagging and discussing with your doctor rather than a red-alert finding on its own.* Lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. This is a more advanced, specialist-ordered marker. Normally pyruvate flows into the mitochondria and gets converted into usable energy; when mitochondrial function is impaired, pyruvate backs up and converts to lactate instead. It's worth being precise here about what the actual research supports: a lactate-to-pyruvate ratio above 20 has been shown to distinguish patients with primary mitochondrial disease from those with other conditions in clinical studies, and this marker's best-documented use is in diagnosing rare inherited mitochondrial disorders or evaluating critically ill patients not as a general screening tool for everyday fatigue. If you're curious about your own ratio, this is a conversation to have with a clinician who can interpret it in the context of your full picture, not something to self-order and self-interpret.The Proton Gradient: Why pH Might Be an Underrated MarkerHere's a mental picture that helped this concept click for me: imagine Niagara Falls. Water crashes from a height, and that force turns a turbine that generates electricity at the base. Mitochondria do something similar, except instead of water, they're moving protons (hydrogen ions) across a membrane, building up a pressure gradient. When those protons flow back through a molecular structure called ATP synthase, that “turbine” spins and produces ATP.Now imagine you lower the height of the falls. Less force, less electricity. That's roughly what happens when your body's internal environment shifts toward acidity; the proton gradient shrinks, and energy production slows with it.Blood pH is tightly regulated and normally stays between 7.35 and 7.45, it doesn't swing wildly, and if you ever see it trend outside that narrow range on a lab, that's a signal your body's buffering systems are genuinely taxed, not a subtle wellness finding. Because blood pH is so tightly controlled and hard to use as an early, everyday signal, a more practical (though far less precise) proxy some practitioners use is first-morning urine pH, tested with an inexpensive strip. Consistently low first-morning urine pH is sometimes used as a rough indicator that the body is buffering more acid overnight than ideal; though it's a screening tool at best, not a diagnostic one, and it can be influenced by diet, hydration, and other unrelated factors.A quick, honest aside on “structured water.” You may hear claims - including sometimes in wellness spaces I respect - that water inside your cells exists in a special “fourth phase” or “exclusion zone” structure that's central to mitochondrial function, an idea popularized by bioengineer Gerald Pollack. I want to be straight with you about where this stands scientifically: it's a genuinely contested hypothesis, not a fact. Independent researchers have proposed alternative physical explanations for the phenomena Pollack describes, and some of his specific claims - like light-driven charge separation in water - are considered difficult to reconcile with basic physical chemistry. The underlying biology of cellular hydration and mitochondrial function is real and important; the specific “structured water” framework is an interesting but unproven idea layered on top of it, and I don't want to present it to you as settled science.8 Ways to Rebuild Mitochondrial Function (Mitochondrial Biogenesis)The good news is that mitochondria aren't fixed in number or function. Your body can build new ones; a process researchers call mitochondrial biogenesis. Here are eight inputs that support it, roughly in the order I'd actually prioritize them with a patient. Notice that supplements are last, not first.* Morning sunlight. Getting outside within about 30 minutes of waking supports circadian alignment, which in turn supports metabolic function.* Zone 2 cardio. This is exercise intensity where you can still hold a conversation roughly 3–4 sessions per week, 30–45 minutes. It's popularly described as uniquely effective for mitochondrial biogenesis through a signaling pathway called PGC-1α. I want to add a fair caveat here: while Zone 2 has been widely positioned in popular media as the optimal intensity for improving mitochondrial and fatty-acid oxidative capacity, a 2025 narrative review found the evidence for that specific claim is more mixed than commonly portrayed, and some research suggests higher-intensity training activates these same pathways just as strongly, if not more so. Zone 2 is still a well-supported, low-risk, sustainable way to build an aerobic base; I just don't want to oversell it as the only path to mitochondrial adaptation.* Cold exposure. This is a stressor, so I don't recommend starting here if you haven't built a foundation first. In animal studies, chronic cold exposure increases expression of mitochondrial proteins and the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, in brown adipose tissue - human data on the same mechanism is still developing. However, functional brown fat has been confirmed to exist and activate with cold exposure in adult humans. If you're adapted to it, starting with 30–60 seconds at the end of a shower is a reasonable entry point.* Circadian alignment. Consistent sleep/wake timing supports the same systems that morning light and cold exposure influence.* Structured hydration. Beyond simply drinking more water, this includes grounding and infrared light exposure - inputs that (independent of the more speculative “structured water” claims above) are reasonably tied to circadian and metabolic health.* Metabolic flexibility. This is your body's ability to switch between burning glucose and burning fat for fuel. Time-restricted eating is one of the more accessible tools for improving this, but it's a second-phase intervention, not a starting point, especially if your body isn't metabolically ready for it yet.* Red and near-infrared light therapy. Red to near-infrared light is absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and this interaction is associated with increased ATP synthesis by mitochondria. Most of the research uses roughly 10–20 minutes of targeted exposure, often over the head and torso.* Mitochondrial cofactors. This is where most people want to start and where I'd ask you to start last. CoQ10, magnesium, and B vitamins (especially B1, B2, B3) function as electron carriers within the Krebs cycle, and alpha-lipoic acid is a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. On top of these, I use Nion to support the body's pH and hydration balance, and Protandim NrF2 to help address the oxidative load that builds up when mitochondria are already under stress, but these work best layered on top of the lifestyle inputs above, not as a substitute for them.Quick Reference: What the Markers MeanThese "optimal" figures reflect the ranges I personally use with patients pursuing proactive metabolic health, not universal diagnostic cutoffs. Always interpret your own labs with a clinician who has your full history.This Week's ProtocolThree simple steps, none of which should cost much or take more than a few minutes a day:* Tomorrow morning: get outside within 30 minutes of waking for a few minutes of natural light.* Pick up pH test strips (inexpensive, available almost anywhere) and test your first-morning urine for three consecutive days. Write the numbers down.* Pull your last basic metabolic panel and find your CO2/bicarbonate value. If you don't have a recent one, get one drawn.Where to Go From HereIf you recognized yourself in several of the symptoms above, the first move isn't panic - it's data. We walk through exactly this kind of cellular assessment with patients every week inside the Thrive 120 framework. If you want a professional to look at your labs and symptom picture and tell you the top three things to address first: Disclaimer: this article is educational, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before making changes to your diet, exercise routine, or supplement regimen, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, on blood thinners, or managing a chronic condition — including cancer. Some links below are affiliate links — if you buy through them, I may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA, and none of these products are intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.)References* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 — Otto Warburg, biographical: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1931/warburg/biographical/* Warburg effect(s) — a biographical sketch of Otto Warburg and his impacts on tumor metabolism — PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4784299/* Warburg Effect — a Consequence or the Cause of Carcinogenesis? — J Cancer: https://www.jcancer.org/v07p0817.htm* Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling: mitochondrial function is not impaired in most cancer cells — PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3053319/* C-Reactive Protein and cardiovascular risk categories — Circulation (AHA): https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000093381.57779.67* Clinical usefulness of hs-CRP across Framingham risk scores — Circulation (AHA): https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000125690.80303.a8* Diagnostic values of lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in mitochondrial disease — PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9334250/* Lactate and lactate:pyruvate ratio in pediatric acute liver failure — PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5328928/* Mitochondrial dysfunction and ischemia in critical illness (lactate:pyruvate ratio) — PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470667/* Much Ado About Zone 2: A Narrative Review — PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40560504/* Chronic cold exposure induces mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissue — iScience: https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(21)00402-8* Effect of habitual cold exposure on brown adipose tissue activity — systematic review: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22423982.2025.2545059* Photobiomodulation of cytochrome c oxidase by chronic transcranial laser — PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8971717/* Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Narrative Review — PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6041198/* Exclusion Zone Phenomena in Water — A Critical Review of Experimental Findings and Theories: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.06822Links mentioned:* Metabolic Blueprint Session: https://calendly.com/tripleplaydoc/complimentary-consult * Nion: https://www.nionhealth.com/tripleplaydoc* Protandim NrF2: https://tripleplaydoc.lifevantage.com/us-en/shop/protandim-nrf2 This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tripleplaydoc.substack.com/subscribe

Episode SummaryZone 2 gets talked about constantly in endurance training, but most everyday athletes don't have access to lactate testing or a metabolic lab. In this episode of The Athletes Compass Podcast, Paul Warloski and Dr. Paul Laursen explain practical ways to estimate Zone 2 using the talk test, breathing, perceived effort, heart rate, the MAF formula, power and pace. They discuss why athletes frequently drift into Zone 3, how threshold testing can improve accuracy, and when laboratory testing may—or may not—be worth the expense. The central message is simple: Zone 2 should feel like steady work, and combining multiple signals is often more useful than relying on a single number.Key TakeawaysZone 2 is aimed at developing aerobic capacity and maximizing the contribution of fat oxidation at a sustainable exercise intensity.The talk test is the simplest no-tech tool: you should still be able to speak in full sentences.A noticeable rise in breathing is associated with crossing the first ventilatory threshold, as carbohydrate contribution and ventilation increase.RPE matters. Paul Laursen describes Zone 2 as “steady work”—sustainable exercise that feels controlled rather than tempo-like.Athletes can triangulate talk test, breathing and perceived effort when they have no technology available.With a heart-rate monitor, 180 minus age—the MAF formula—can provide a starting point, but individual variation means it should not be treated as an exact threshold.A chest-strap heart-rate monitor is preferable when accuracy matters.Age-based formulas have limitations, especially for athletes whose maximum or threshold heart rates differ substantially from population averages.Threshold tests using heart rate, pace or power can help identify whether an athlete is an outlier and refine training zones.Athletes often accidentally turn easy sessions into Zone 3 training, particularly when trying to stay with faster training partners.One of the episode's recurring principles is that athletes may need to “slow down before you can speed up.”Lactate and metabolic testing can provide greater precision, but only if the equipment, protocol and interpretation are reliable.Emerging respiratory wearables may make breathing frequency and ventilation increasingly useful for identifying intensity zones in real time.How Athletica Closes the Cycle: From Athlete Profiling to Training PrescriptionZone 2 Training Benefits: The Science ExplainedZone 2 Training Plans (Ultimate Guide)TRY ATHLETICA.AI | Adaptive Endurance Training Plans Powered by Sports ScienceDr. Paul LaursenPaul Warloski - Simple Endurance Coaching

Matt is joined by Dr David Lipman to discuss one of the newest and most talked-about supplements emerging in elite endurance sport: lactate gels. Train with Matt Fox: https://sweatelitecoaching.com/matt-fox/ Sweat Elite Supporters Club: https://sweatelite.co/supporters-club/ Matt Fox on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mattinglisfox/ Matt Fox on Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/6248359 Contact Matt: matt@sweatelite.co Dr David Lipman on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drdavidlipman/ Dr David Lipman's Website: https://www.drdavidjlipman.com/ The conversation has gained attention around the Tour de France, with companies including From Lab to Field, Enervit and Santa Madre developing lactate-based products. Unlike glucose and fructose, which rely primarily on SGLT1 and GLUT5 transporters in the gut, lactate uses monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). This potentially provides athletes with another pathway to absorb and utilise energy alongside traditional carbohydrate fueling. The concept isn't completely new, but delivering meaningful amounts of lactate without creating gastrointestinal or taste problems has historically been difficult. From Lab to Field is developing a patented hydrogel designed to improve lactate delivery and tolerance while producing a less acidic product. Early prototypes have reportedly combined around 5 g of lactate with 40 g of carbohydrate. There are also interesting possibilities beyond simply providing additional energy. Lactate can be used as fuel by the muscles, heart and brain and also acts as a signalling molecule. Researchers are investigating whether supplementation could influence glycogen replenishment, recovery and metabolic responses during exercise. There are already some impressive performance claims circulating, including improvements in power output and reductions in fatigue, but the evidence remains preliminary. Much of the exciting data appears to come from research connected to the companies developing the products and still needs independent replication. One particularly interesting possibility is that lactate supplementation may have different effects below versus above the first lactate threshold. Elite athletes reportedly using lactate alongside very high carbohydrate intakes of around 90-120+ g/h have described positive experiences, but exactly how much additional benefit lactate provides remains uncertain. The discussion also compares lactate with exogenous ketones, another alternative fuel that has generated significant interest in endurance sport. Ketones have produced mixed performance results, although emerging research suggests potential benefits in areas such as heat tolerance, recovery, altitude exposure, sleep and resilience to heavy training. Both lactate and ketones may eventually have applications outside sport because of their roles as fuels and signalling molecules, particularly in the brain. Overall, lactate gels represent an exciting new area of endurance nutrition, but they're still at the beginning of the research cycle. The potential is significant, but athletes should distinguish promising early findings from benefits that have been independently and consistently demonstrated. Episode Chapters: 00:00 Lactate Gel Buzz 00:19 Who's Making Them 01:16 How Lactate Fuels 02:53 Hydrogel Delivery Breakthrough 03:58 Legality and Doping Questions 05:20 Performance Claims and Evidence 06:42 Real World Use and Cost 07:43 Beyond Sport Applications 08:56 Ketones Update and Research 11:25 Personal Ketone Use Cases 12:44 Conflicts and Wrap Up

Hello everyone. Welcome to the latest episode of The Matchbox Podcast powered by Ignition Coach Co. I'm your host, Adam Saban, and on this week's episode we're talking about whether you should be following a training plan and how to find your LT1/2.   As always, if you like what you hear, share this with your friends and leave us a five star review and if you have any questions for the show drop us an email at matchboxpod@gmail.com or head over to ignitioncoachco.com and fill out The Matchbox Podcast listener question form.    Alight let's get into it!   For more social media content, follow along @ignitioncoachco @adamsaban6 @dizzle_dillman @dylanjawnson @kait.maddox       https://www.youtube.com/c/DylanJohnsonCycling https://www.ignitioncoachco.com  https://www.youtube.com/@DrewDillmanChannel   Intro/ Outro music by AlexGrohl - song "King Around Here" - https://pixabay.com/music/id-15045/ 

Message Home Trails here - include an email or name for a response ⬅️Coaches Corner episode with Coach Woza! Warren joins us to talk all things coaching related. From the ongoing peptide issue, to the new kid on the block Lactate, being used in the form of gels by the peloton already, which should give you an idea of how new this is given that hardly anyone has even heard about them!We also talk about accidental fasted running and Woza answers questions from the Home Trails WhatsApp community. So If you're not signed up to the podcast WhatsApp group, then get on it now! link is in the HT Instagram bio and the bottom of the podcast show notes.HT Instagram@hometrails_   WhatsApp group https://chat.whatsapp.com/BaTzsOKEJrI1ObLKhqRREgYouTube @HOMETRAILSMEDIA 

Anyone who's ever done an interval session, or a hard effort in a race, knows that feeling of fatigue setting in as you hold on for dear life. But is this really all the result of lactic acid, or is something else going on? Can the nutrition strategies used in shorter, more intense events like track cycling or rowing now be applied in longer endurance sports to get more out of ourselves during those hard efforts in training or race day? And why, at this years' Tour de France, are we hearing stories emerge of cyclists consuming lactate, the very thing we're told is the root cause of all that suffering?   Timestamps: 05:14 - Intro and Bryan's change in workplace 10:42 - Lactate vs lactic acid, and its role in the body 17:08 - Lactate testing, thresholds and what it means for physiology 25:36 - The roles of lactate in body 30:12 - Fueling Endurance Practitioner Membership, T-12 course for athletes, eBook 32:38 - What are buffering supplements and why are they now being used in endurance sports? 40:33 - What is sodium bicarbonate and how does it work? 42:50 - Does the form of sodium bicarb matter (drink vs tablets vs capsules vs mini-tablets/hydrogel)? 49:07 - Sodium bicarb and gastrointestinal issues - how to avoid 54:22 - Dose of sodium bicarb for a performance effect 57:51 - Timing of bicarb for performance - why are cyclists taking it during exercise (rather than before)? 1:03:06 - Is there evidence that bicarb can work for performance in endurance training or competition? 1:05:24 - What is beta-alanine and how does it work? 1:06:50 - Dose and form of beta-alanine and potential side effects 1:09:33 - Need for prolonged supplementation with beta-alanine 1:12:58 - Evidence for beta-alanine or bicarb + beta-alanine combined for endurance performance 1:18:16 - Exogenous lactate supplements/gels 1:20:37 - Is the concept of exogenous lactate supplements new? 1:23:07 - Are the ways exogenous lactate is being used new in professional sport, and is there evidence it works? 1:26:44 - What's likely to happen next with exogenous lactate? 1:28:59 - Bryan's other current research 1:31:45 - Follow up re. exogenous lactate products 1:41:34 - Wrap up   Guest - Dr Bryan Saunders - University of São Paulo ResearchGate: researchgate.net/profile/Bryan-Saunders-2 X: @Bicycle_Bryan    Studies mentioned in this episode: Farias de Oliveira L et al. (2022). Extracellular Buffering Supplements to Improve Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. Sports Medicine. 52:505-526. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01575-x. Ewell TR. et al. (2024). The Influence of Acute Oral Lactate Supplementation on Responses to Cycle Ergometer Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 16(16):2624. DOI: 10.3390/nu16162624   Fueling Endurance eBook | T -12 Race Nutrition Course | Practitioner Resources The Fueling Endurance eBook contains answers to 84 of the most common nutrition questions that runners, cyclists and triathletes ask, and contains insights, tips, and quotes from experts and athletes.  The T -12 self-guided course will help prepare you for your next event, with online tools, guides, information and instructions to take you through the 12 weeks leading up to race day. And the Fueling Endurance Practitioner Membership provides access to online tools and calculators I use all the time when working with endurance and ultraendurance athletes. This includes working out the carbohydrate needs for runners (road and trail) and cyclists for different types of training sessions. For more into on each of these, check out fuelingendurance.com.  

In this episode, Anthony and Lauren are back to discuss what they did this week in training, lessons learned, from those workouts, as well as answer your questions and relay the latest in endurance sports science!! We go over the newest coming fad of sports nutrition with exogenous lactate, coaching topic of creeping drift, and answer some of the many, many questions we got! LINKS BELOW!! TheFeed link for 40% off for new customers (this was extended)!!https://thefeed.com/the TheFeed link for $80 in Feed credit or 5% back in Feed credit:https://thefeed.com/teams/the-hybrid-engine Join The Hybrid Engine coaching platform: https://app.fitr.training/t/TheHybridEngine/THE Affiliate track link:https://app.fitr.training/p/40221220% off forever code for being one of the first 30 on THE Affiliate:"THEAffiliateFounder" STUDIES:Effects of Oral Lactate Supplementation on Acid-Base Balance and Prolonged High-Intensity Interval Cycling Performance. By Claire Bordoli, Ian Varley, Graham R. Sharpe, Michael A Johnson, and Philip J Hennis. 2024https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39189224/ The Influence of Acute Oral Lactate Supplementation on Responses to Cycle Ergometer Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Pilot Clinical Trial. By Taylor R Ewell, Matthew C Bomar, David M Brown, Reagan L Brown, Beatrice S Kwarteng, David P Thomson, Christopher Bell. 2024 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203761/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evmybMQj940*From Internal studies, unpublished. 2026. n=10 ExoLactate Gel = 5g Lactate, 40g Carb Claim is 5% higher sustained power in 15-30 minute effort. 10% reduction in RPE. 12% improvement in average fat oxidation in moderate exercise intensity. NEWS ARTICLES: https://www.thetimes.com/sport/cycling/article/new-lactate-gel-tour-de-france-w28m5lt8thttps://styrkr.com/en-us/blogs/training-and-nutrition-hub/lactate-gels-at-the-tour-de-france-what-the-research-actually-supportshttps://www.facebook.com/HelloVeloVeloVelo/posts/tadej-poga%C4%8Dar-and-uae-confirm-use-of-powerful-new-fueling-solution-at-the-tour-d/1464628612370482/https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/tour-de-france/lactate-gels-drinks-tour-de-france-explainer/?scope=anon

Le test de lactate est de plus en plus populaire chez les coureurs. On entend souvent dire qu’il permet de mieux cibler ses zones d’entraînement, d’optimiser ses performances ou même de prédire un temps de course. Mais concrètement, est-ce que ces informations sont vraiment utiles lorsqu’on se prépare pour une compétition? Dans cet épisode, je te propose un retour complet sur mon dernier demi-marathon. Quelques semaines avant la course, j’ai réalisé un test de lactate afin de mieux comprendre ma physiologie et de déterminer un objectif de temps réaliste. Je te partage ce que ce test m’a appris, comment il a influencé ma stratégie de course… et surtout, si les résultats se sont confirmés le jour de l’événement. Je t’amène également dans les coulisses de ma préparation : mon plan de pacing, mes sensations pendant la course et mon analyse après avoir franchi la ligne d’arrivée. Voici le lien pour t’inscrire gratuitement à ma formation Les 4 stratégies nutritionnelles les plus efficaces à tester avant ta prochaine course : CLIQUE ICI ! Bonne écoute !

Brett Hornig co-hosts for another classic edition of the Long Run Archives. We share our biggest takeaways from this year's Hardrock, reflect on the biggest moments from the first half of 2026, and feature the latest ultra-focused products that have caught our attention. Finally, we close with a brief interview of Ryder Jay, who won the U-18 NTN Eagle race at Broken Arrow last month.Partners:Precision Fuel and Hydration - use code SINGLETRACK at checkout for 15% off your next orderJanji - running apparel that goes the distanceRaide - Making equipment for efficient human-powered movement in the mountains Norda - check out the 005: the lightest, fastest, most stable trail racing shoe ever madeMomentous - use code SINGLETRACK for up to 35% off your first order Kodiak Cakes - my favorite oatmeal and pancakes Support the show

This week on Fuel for the Sole, we're diving into broccoli juice shots — aka Nomio — since it's been all over our feeds lately. We also get into Lactate 60 gels and whether we should all be taking them, break down what actually qualifies as a heavy sweat race, and tackle the most important question of all: how do you fuel a Taco Bell 50K? Interested in Meghann's Group classes? Sign up here: https://www.featherstonenutrition.com/groupcoaching/ Want to be featured on the show? Email us (written or an audio file!) at⁠ fuelforthesolepodcast@gmail.com⁠. This episode is fueled by ASICS and RNWY!Head over to⁠ ASICS.com⁠ and sign up for a OneASICS account. It's completely free and when you sign up you will receive 10% off your first purchase. You also gain access to exclusive colorways on ASICS.com, free standard shipping, special birthday month discounts and more.RNWY Complete Protein is a post-run recovery shake we genuinely stand behind. Here's why: built on YESTEIN®, a fermented yeast protein that scores a PDCAAS of 1.0, which is thehighest possible protein quality rating. That puts it in the same category as whey but without anyof the dairy. Every serving gives you 25 grams of complete protein containing all nine essential amino acids plus 5 grams of creatine monohydrate and a five-enzyme digestive complex. Get yours at https://rnwy.life/ and use code FEATHERS15 for 15% off your purchase. Disclaimer: This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

We campaigned for the Nobel Prize in bodily functions before this great episode! A main topic was a new review study on cross training that found no difference between cross training and running interventions FOR RUNNING PERFORMANCE. That's wild, and we use the result to zoom out to describe why we think most athletes should be doing some cross training.We also talked about a pair of studies on carb loading, and how the science debates are still uncertain. Even we are unsure as the biggest carb proponents in the world!And this one was full of great topics! Other topics: Megan's breakthrough in side-short pees, arm cooling at the Tour de France, the strange world of lactate supplementation, multi-omic responses to training, building bone density, phobias, warm-ups, long runs, satisfaction meals, and science writing. May your lives be like David's legs: mostly smooth, with enough stubble to make it interesting.We love you all! HUZZAH!!!Click "Get 40% Off" button for 40% off at The Feed here: thefeed.com/swapBuy Janji's amazing gear: https://janji.com (code "SWAP")20% flash deal for the Wahoo Kickr Run treadmill on Wednesday: https://www.wahoofitness.com/devices/running/treadmills/kickr-run-buy (code “SWAP”)For training plans, weekly bonus podcasts, heart rate zones, articles, and videos: patreon.com/swap

Longtemps considéré comme un simple « déchet », le lactate est aujourd'hui reconnu comme un élément central de la performance en endurance. Pourtant, les notions de seuils, de MLSS ou encore de « lactate shuttle » restent souvent mal comprises… voire mal utilisées.Dans ce nouvel épisode de l'Ibex Talk, Xavier Teychenné reçoit Léo Bonnemayre, entraîneur Ibex et responsable performance de la Colibri Trail Academy, pour décrypter le rôle réel du lactate et ses applications concrètes à l'entraînement.

After 40, building and keeping muscle gets harder, joints take longer to recover, and the training volume that used to work starts costing more than it returns.I sit down with Jesse Salas, movement coach and Foundation Training specialist, and Steve Munatones, co-creator of KAATSU Global, to break down how KAATSU actually works, who it's for, and how to use it to build muscle, support recovery, and extend the years you stay physically capable.What we explore:- How blood flow restriction training builds muscle with less load and less joint stress, especially after 40.- Why vascular health is trainable, and how daily KAATSU use improves circulation, recovery, and energy over time.- What the 12-minute post-KAATSU growth hormone window is and how to use it for performance or physical therapy.- How KAATSU supports nervous system recovery and why it's being used for stress, sleep, and PTSD protocols.- Who KAATSU is actually for: aging adults, injured athletes, sedentary beginners, and everyone in between.Chapters:00:00 Intro 03:48 KAATSU Origins: Dr. Sato and the Aging Population 07:37 How Blood Flow Restriction Actually Works 09:32 Muscle Quality vs. Heavy Lifting 13:19 Daily KAATSU Use and Cumulative Benefits 17:29 Lactate, Healing Hormones, and Pain Relief 20:16 Steve's 13 Years Training Under Dr. Sato 25:20 KAATSU for Weight Loss and Pre-Diabetes 49:50 KAATSU and Barbell Training: Strength Protocols 57:22 Vascular Elasticity and Metabolic Longevity 01:05:14 The 12-Minute Growth Hormone Window 01:08:56 Nervous System Recovery: PTSD and Stress 01:13:09 Habit Design: Getting the Bands On Daily 01:40:48 Hydration and Fueling for KAATSU Training 01:47:25 Core, Posture, and Foundation Training 01:48:57 How to Get Started with KAATSUAbout Jesse Salas:Movement coach, former firefighter, and Foundation Training specialist. Jesse integrates KAATSU with breathwork and movement fundamentals to help athletes and everyday people train smarter, recover faster, and stay injury-free.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/coachsalas/About Steve Munatones:Co-founder of KAATSU Global and the person who brought Dr. Yoshiaki Sato's research from Japan to the world. After 13 years of direct training under Dr. Sato, Munatones has applied the technology across Olympic athletes, rehab patients, and aging populations on every level.Website: https://www.kaatsu.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kaatsu_global/–This episode is sponsored by:AX3: Clean supplements, real standards.

The cause and cure for feeling low in energy during racing. A 5k race burns only about 350 calories. Timestamps 00:45 Mid-race low energy Most rowers think they've run out of energy half way through a race. Most races aren't energy-depletion events (porridge is 350 calories; banana is 95 calories). You likely aren't running out of fuel. 02:00 The misconception The feeling of distress in sprint racing comes in two places - about 40 seconds after the start and again just after the midway point. It feels like exhaustion but your body uses the same "alarm signal" for multiple problems. Believing you're out of energy gives you mental permission to slow down. But you haven't yet earned the right to slow down. 03:00 What's actually happening? Lactate - that burn feeling is your body accumulating lactate faster than your body can clear it. It's a signal that you are working really hard. Not that you're out of energy. Pacing and mental focus can help you get beyond that feeling of pain. Rebecca and her doubles partner adjusted their race plan to give a focus at the point the pain kicked in. 04:45 What to do at mid-race Do not back off on your rate and pressure. That instinct is probably wrong. You have fuel - you have to let lactate clearance catch up with output. A fractional reduction in output can allow lactate clearance to get ahead. - breathing - if it's chaotic - focus breathing out at the finish for 3 strokes. To stabilise your breathing - pressure - if something has to give, let the pressure drop fractionally. Hold the rate if you can (it's harder to rebuild than pressure). Make a 1% change in your pressure. - check your legs are still driving and you're using the right technique Practice the 1% drop in pressure in training. Push for 10 strokes - power strokes; then do another 10 strokes dropping the pressure 1% and keeping the rate the same; then do a third 10 strokes back onto full pressure. It's a tiny step down and then a deliberate step up. You can repeat this set of 30 again if you need. The mental reframing is necessary as well. Tell yourself "this is lactate" and I have got fuel to continue. Once you know what it feels like you can choose your response.

The World Cup is here, and while we watch some of the world's greatest athletes competing on a global stage, it's fascinating to consider what effect this intense activity may have on the human body. With that in mind, we're re-releasing our conversation with Stanford biochemist Jonathan Long on the future of exercise. Jonathan studies the chemistry of what happens inside your body when you move, and his findings are pointing toward some genuinely surprising possibilities — including treatments for obesity, diabetes, and even, someday, an exercise pill. If the athleticism on the pitch has you feeling inspired, this one is well worth another listen. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jonathan Long Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jonathan Long, a professor of pathology from Stanford University. (00:02:02) Effective Weight Loss Drugs The history and development of GLP-1 receptor agonists. (00:04:04) Understanding Metabolism and Exercise Why Long's lab starts with molecules to understand metabolism and physical activity. (00:05:10) Animal Models in Exercise Studies The use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe. (00:06:47) Psychological Preparation for Exercise The psychological aspects of exercise and the involvement of endocannabinoids in exercise motivation. (00:09:00) Lac-Phe's Role and Mechanism The role of Lac-Phe and its production in the gut. (00:12:08) Differences in Exercise Response Differences in exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals. (00:12:57) Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases The relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases. (00:15:01) Lac-Phe as a Potential Therapeutic The potential of Lac-Phe as a weight loss drug, and parallels to GLP-1 drug development. (00:16:21) Importance of How Weight is Lost Whether the method of weight loss matters, and the importance of preserving lean muscle mass. (00:18:37) Exercise as Medicine The concept of exercise as medicine, and defining physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines. (00:22:11) Metformin and Exercise Pathways The unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway. (00:24:01) Prospects of an Exercise Pill The future of an exercise pill, and the challenges associated with its development. (00:27:05) Conclusion Final thoughts on the future of exercise. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For decades, lactate was viewed as a waste product associated with fatigue and declining performance. Today, a growing body of research paints a very different picture.In this episode, sports scientist and researcher Aitor Viribay Morales explores the evolving science of lactate, from its role as a critical fuel source to its emerging importance as a signaling molecule that influences performance, recovery, and adaptation.The conversation dives into the lactate shuttle theory, the relationship between lactate and endurance performance, the interaction between lactate and the nervous system, and the growing interest in exogenous lactate as a potential tool for athletes. Aitor also shares insights from his work in exercise metabolism and sports nutrition, highlighting how our understanding of lactate continues to evolve beyond traditional models of fatigue.Whether you're a coach, athlete, researcher, or endurance enthusiast, this episode offers a fascinating look at one of the most misunderstood molecules in sports science.Interested in learning more about the latest developments in endurance performance and sports science? Subscribe to the HIIT Science email list for updates on new research, courses, and educational opportunities.Today's speakers:Prof Paul Laursen https://www.paullaursen.com/Dr Aitor Viribay Morales: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aitor-viribay-598336155https://glut4science.com/

Welcome to my podcast. I am Doctor Warrick Bishop, and I want to help you to live as well as possible for as long as possible. I'm a practising cardiologist, best-selling author, keynote speaker, and the creator of The Healthy Heart Network. I have over 20 years as a specialist cardiologist and a private practice of over 10,000 patients.

This week we speak with 2 pioneers in the field of pediatric cardiac critical care, Dr. Anthony Rossi and Dr. Gil Wernovsky. Both were present at the very start of the field of cardiac critical care for children. What was it like in an era before transesophageal echocardiography or even postoperative echo? Why was the advent of the bidirectional cavo-pulmonary anastomosis such a game changer in the care of children with heart disease? What do Drs. Rossi and Wernovsky think were the most important improvements to care for children with heart disease in their 35+ year careers? What about care today troubles these intensive care gurus? This is a rare opportunity to speak with two who have seen and done it all in cardiac critical care for children.For those interested to hear Dr. Rossi speak about goal directed therapy, take a listen to episode 21 and episode 200 of this podcast!

In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Nathan Jenkins to discuss how to improve performance, body composition, and long-term health through the lens of aerobic development and metabolic flexibility. Nathan shares his journey from exercise physiology and coaching CrossFit athletes to his new role teaching physiology at the University of Georgia School of Medicine. We discuss why metabolic flexibility is such a powerful framework for understanding everything from biochemistry and exercise performance to metabolic disease. We also dive into interpreting maximal exercise testing data, including VO₂ measurements, EKG analysis, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), along with how different energy systems work together during training and competition. Nathan explains why building an aerobic base is critical for repeated high-intensity performance, how pacing impacts outcomes, and why the ability to "suffer" is actually a trainable skill. To wrap up, we cover practical strategies you can apply right away, including prioritizing protein and carbohydrates, improving sleep quality, and addressing common micronutrient deficiencies through blood work, such as magnesium, vitamin D, and omega-3 status. Sponsors: Daily Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/bfa1510fa8 Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode chapters: 02:47 Meet Dr Nathan Jenkins 04:38 CrossFit Nutrition Reality Check 07:09 Leaving Tenure for Family 09:21 Back to Academia and Med Ed 11:29 Why Exercise Physiology Matters 14:36 Stress Tests Reveal Pathology 18:19 Max Testing and NIRS Setup 22:42 Raw Data Over Machine Outputs 24:18 Bohr Effect and Oxygen Delivery 28:09 Energy Systems in the Real World 33:05 Coaching Basics That Matter 35:40 Teaching Cardio From First Principles 36:36 Aerobic Base Reality Check 37:19 Cardio for Meatheads Pitch 39:13 CrossFit Endurance Breakthroughs 41:49 Fixing Time Domain Weakness 45:46 Pacing Like Froning Fraser 48:42 RAAM Gamesmanship Story 51:45 Pain Management Truths 53:23 VO2 Max Feels the Same 55:54 Suffering as a Skill 59:09 Cold Plunge Mindset Study 01:00:52 Caffeine Placebo and Belief 01:03:22 Heat Acclimation and 10K Prep 01:04:36 Metabolic Flexibility Lens 01:08:16 Teaching Diabetes Integration 01:10:56 Bloodwork Meets Flexibility 01:12:37 Where Fat Goes Wrong 01:15:07 Sustainable Deficit Strategy 01:16:34 Four Priorities Blueprint 01:17:21 Protein and Carb Targets 01:21:08 Sleep and Micronutrients 01:27:06 Omega-3 Testing Nuance 01:29:36 Wrap Up and Next Steps 01:31:52 Newsletter and Flex Diet Cert 01:33:20 Final Thanks and Subscribe Flex Diet Podcasts you may enjoy: Episode 344: Metabolic Adaptations, Lactate, and Training Smarter with Dr. Phil Batterson YouTube: https://youtu.be/PPZyO1nxSPA Episode 383: Body Composition, Strength Training, and Sustainable Habits with Martin Silva YouTube: https://youtu.be/p8oM0gW488U Connect with Dr. Jenkins: Website: https://www.drnathanjenkins.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drnathanjenkins Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: Drmiketnelson YouTube: @flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us Get the Daily Fitness Insider newsletter (free): https://www.miketnelson.com/newsletter

CardioNerds (Dr. Billy-Joe Mullinax, Dr. Dinu Balanescu, and Dr. Jane Ehret) discuss risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism with Dr. Stavros Konstantinides, Chair of the 2019 ESC Pulmonary Embolism Guidelines. Using a real-world case, this episode explores how modern PE care has moved beyond “massive” and “submassive” labels toward a dynamic, physiology-based approach. The discussion highlights the limitations of static risk scores, the importance of right ventricular dysfunction and biomarkers, and why normotension does not imply stability. Special emphasis is placed on intermediate-high risk PE, early identification of impending hemodynamic collapse, and the role of lactate, serial reassessment, and PERT teams in guiding escalation of care. Audio editing by CardioNerds intern, Joshua Khorsandi.The 2026 American multi-society PE guidelines were published after this episode was recorded. Dr. Dinu Balanescu and Dr. Billy-Joe Mullinax are Co-chairs for the CardioNerds PE Series, developed in collaboration with the PERT Consortium.   Enjoy this Circulation 2022 Paths to Discovery article to learn about the CardioNerds story, mission, and values. CardioNerds Pulmonary Embolism PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls Stable blood pressure does not mean low risk in PEHypotension is a late finding. Patients may have severe RV failure, hypoxia, and tissue hypoperfusion while remaining normotensive — a key concept behind “normotensive shock.” Risk stratification in PE must be dynamic, not staticLegacy scores like PESI and Bova provide a snapshot and predict 30-day mortality, but they do not capture short-term trajectory or impending hemodynamic collapse. Intermediate-high risk PE is a dangerous and heterogeneous groupPatients with RV dysfunction, positive biomarkers, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and elevated lactate may have in-hospital mortality approaching 15%, rivaling STEMI. Lactate is a critical but underutilized marker in PEElevated lactate reflects tissue hypoxia and early circulatory failure and may identify patients at risk for collapse before blood pressure declines. PERT enables physiology-driven, patient-centered PE carePERT teams operationalize continuous reassessment, integrate imaging, labs, and clinical trajectory, and allow timely escalation — shifting PE management from rigid categories to real-time decision-making. Notes Drafted by Dr. Jane Ehret. 1. What is the contemporary framework for risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism? Modern PE risk stratification prioritizes hemodynamics and right ventricular (RV) function rather than clot burden. The 2019 ESC Guidelines classify PE into high risk, intermediate risk (low vs high), and low risk, based on: Hemodynamic status, RV dysfunction on imaging, and Cardiac biomarkers. This framework emphasizes early mortality risk but requires clinical context to guide escalation decisions. 2. Why is normotension insufficient to define “stability” in PE? Blood pressure is a late marker of circulatory failure in PE. Patients can maintain normal BP through Tachycardia, Increased sympathetic tone, and RV compensation. Many patients with preserved BP may already have shock physiology, including hypoxemia, elevated lactate, and RV failure — sometimes referred to as “normotensive shock.” 3. How should intermediate-risk PE be conceptualized clinically? Intermediate-risk PE is heterogeneous, ranging from patients who do well on anticoagulation to those who deteriorate rapidly. Intermediate-high risk PE is defined by RV dysfunction on imaging and positive cardiac biomarkers. Clinical features such as tachycardia, increasing oxygen requirement, and elevated lactate identify patients at highest risk within this group. 4. What are the strengths and limitations of commonly used PE risk scores? Legacy scores are useful for initial risk categorization but are static and limited in predicting short-term deterioration. Most scores were developed to predict mortality or complications at fixed time points rather than dynamic clinical trajectory. 5. What are the commonly used risk scores and clinical tools in PE, and what is each designed to predict? ESC Risk Stratification Algorithm: Identifies high-risk PE by hemodynamics. Uses PESI or sPESI in normotensive patients to distinguish low-risk from non–low-risk PE. Uses RV dysfunction and biomarkers to differentiate intermediate-low from intermediate-high risk. Forms the basis of many institutional PE pathways. PESI and sPESI: Validated to predict 30-day mortality. Widely used to identify low-risk patients appropriate for outpatient management. Heavily influenced by age and comorbidities. Bova Score: Predicts 30-day PE-related complications in normotensive patients. Composite PE Shock Score (CPES): Predicts normotensive shock in hemodynamically stable PE patients. Pulmonary Embolism Progression (PEP) Score: Predicts progression from intermediate-risk to high-risk PE within 72 hours of diagnosis. PE Short-term Clinical Outcomes Risk Estimation (PE-SCORE): Predicts clinical deterioration or death within 5 days of PE diagnosis. Hestia Criteria: Identifies low-risk PE patients safe for outpatient treatment. Wells' Criteria and Revised Geneva Score: Determine pretest probability for diagnostic triage. PERC Score: Rules out PE in very low-risk patients. 6. What is the role of biomarkers in PE risk stratification? Troponin and natriuretic peptides reflect RV myocardial injury and strain. Current guidelines treat biomarkers as binary (positive vs negative), despite risk being continuous. Biomarkers are most helpful for: Initial risk classification. They are less useful for: Short-interval monitoring and Detecting rapid clinical deterioration. 7. Why is lactate an important physiologic marker in PE? Lactate reflects global tissue hypoxia and impaired perfusion. Elevated lactate may identify patients with: Early circulatory failure and Increased risk of imminent hemodynamic collapse. Lactate is not currently included in ESC risk algorithms but may add important prognostic information in intermediate-risk patients. 8. How does trajectory influence decision-making in PE management? Risk stratification should be viewed as a dynamic process, not a one-time label. Worsening clinical trajectory may include: Rising heart rate, Increasing oxygen needs, Rising lactate, and Progressive RV dysfunction. Serial reassessment is essential for timely escalation of care. 9. What role do Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERT) play in risk stratification? PERT facilitates: Multidisciplinary decision-making and Integration of imaging, biomarkers, and clinical physiology. PERT is most valuable for: Intermediate-risk and high-risk PE and Patients with complex comorbidities or uncertain trajectory. PERT enables a shift from category-based to physiology-driven PE care. References 1. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Respir J. 2019;54(3):1901647. Published 2019 Oct 9. doi:10.1183/13993003.01647-2019 2. Leidi A, Bex S, Righini M, Berner A, Grosgurin O, Marti C. Risk Stratification in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Current Evidence and Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2533. Published 2022 Apr 30. doi:10.3390/jcm11092533 3. Choi WH, Kwon SU, Jwa YJ, et al. The pulmonary embolism severity index in predicting the prognosis of patients with pulmonary embolism. Korean J Intern Med. 2009;24(2):123-127. doi:10.3904/kjim.2009.24.2.123 4. Jiménez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, et al. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(15):1383-1389. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.199 5. Chen X, Shao X, Zhang Y, et al. Assessment of the Bova score for risk stratification of acute normotensive pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2020;193:99-106. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.047 6. Zhang RS, Yuriditsky E, Zhang P, et al. Composite Pulmonary Embolism Shock Score and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2024;17(8):e014088. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.014088 7. Zhang RS, Alam U, Sharp ASP, et al. Validating the Composite Pulmonary Embolism Shock Score for Predicting Normotensive Shock in Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2024;17(2):e013399. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.123.013399 8. Ehret J, Wakefield D, Badlam J, Antkowiak M, Erdreich B. Development of the Pulmonary Embolism Progression (PEP) score for predicting short-term clinical deterioration in intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism: a single-center retrospective study. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025;58(2):243-253. doi:10.1007/s11239-024-03051-5 9. Weekes AJ, Raper JD, Lupez K, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic tool: Pulmonary embolism short-term clinical outcomes risk estimation (PE-SCORE). PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0260036. Published 2021 Nov 18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260036 10. Zondag W, Hiddinga BI, Crobach MJ, et al. Hestia criteria can discriminate high- from low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(3):588-592. doi:10.1183/09031936.00030412 11. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and d-dimer. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(2):98-107. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00010 12. Wolf SJ, McCubbin TR, Feldhaus KM, Faragher JP, Adcock DM. Prospective validation of Wells Criteria in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44(5):503-510. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.04.002 13. Le Gal G, Righini M, Roy PM, et al. Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(3):165-171. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00004 14. Kline JA, Mitchell AM, Kabrhel C, Richman PB, Courtney DM. Clinical criteria to prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing in emergency department patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2(8):1247-1255. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00790.x 15. Kline JA, Courtney DM, Kabrhel C, et al. Prospective multicenter evaluation of the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(5):772-780. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02944.x

We basked in some amazing news before this great episode! The main topic was a breakdown of one of the most important elements of performance and health: blood volume. Studies show that blood volume can seem to act as a synonym for fitness, with one finding that 6 weeks of training gains can be reversed with a phlebotomy that returns blood volume to baseline levels. Positive adaptations can happen in a few days, and it clearly matters for performance. If any other intervention worked like that, you'd assume everyone would be talking about it all the time. But blood volume is not discussed often! We pull back the curtain on the science.We also talked about a new review article on exogenous lactate supplementation. It might be a brave new world in the next 5 years, but right now there are more questions than answers. We speculate!And this one was full of cool topics! Other topics: the shockingly good news Megan has received in recent heart tests, our disdain for the Enhanced Games, recent age group doping news, the Satisfy Circle Pit, the true GOAT of endurance, running v. biking, uphill treadmill workouts, and lots more.Yes, David actually hit himself for a joke on this episode. Podcasts are definitely the medium for physical and visual comedy.We love you all! HUZZAH!-David and MeganClick "Get 40% Off" button for 40% off at The Feed here: thefeed.com/swapBuy Janji's amazing gear: https://janji.com (code "SWAP")The Wahoo KICKR Run is the best treadmill on the market: https://www.wahoofitness.com/devices/running/treadmills/kickr-run-buy (code “SWAP”)For training plans, weekly bonus podcasts, heart rate zones, articles, and videos: patreon.com/swap

We host Olympian and Norwegian-method innovator Marius Bakken and talk bout the history and principles behind double-threshold training, lactate testing, and “muscle tone” as a key limiter of recovery and performance. Bakken contrasts lessons from coaches like Joe Newton, Peter Coe, and others, emphasizing long-term progression and balancing load with precision rather than uncontrolled intensity.…

Dr. Stephanie Estima gives a masterclass on the often-overlooked role of lactate in how our bodies work during exercise. She's redefining lactate as a key metabolic signal that can help us get stronger, age better and think sharper. In this solo episode, Dr. Stephanie gets into how lactate is made, how it fuels our energy and why it's so important when we push ourselves hard. Dr. Stephanie is a big fan of sprinting because it helps us build metabolic power and stay strong, and she'll also talk about how to use it right and how to recover well. Episode Overview: (0:00) Introduction — Lactate Is Not the Enemy (2:15) Welcome & Episode Roadmap (4:30) The Myth: How We Got Lactate Wrong (7:00) What Lactate Actually Is (The Biochemistry) (9:30) Why Lactate Forms Even With Oxygen (15:00) The Gear Analogy — Don't Be Metabolically Polite (18:00) Metabolic Flexibility & Why HIIT Matters (22:00) How to Dose Your Sprints (Beginner to Advanced) (24:30) The Lactate Shuttle — Redistribution, Not Waste (28:30) Mitochondrial Biogenesis & Longevity Signals (32:00) Lactate and Your Brain — BDNF, Fog & Cognitive Edge (38:30) Dosing, Recovery Rules & Programming (46:00) Closing — You Are Remodelling Yourself Resources mentioned in this episode: https://drstephanieestima.com/podcasts/ep469 We couldn't do it without our sponsors: BON CHARGE - Achieve glowing skin, gain more energy, and uplevel your recovery practice with a suite of red light products. Get 15% off at https://boncharge.com/better with code BETTER. MUSE - Train your nervous system with feedback, the same way you'd train muscles with resistance. If you are ready to unlock your brain's potential, go to https://choosemuse.com/BETTER or use code BETTER at checkout to get started. PIQUE LIFE - If you want to redefine your afternoon and evening rituals and still feel like yourself the next day, you can get 10% off at https://piquelife.com/better TIMELINE   - Timeline's clinically proven formula is now available at a new, lower price . Mitopure now starts at $79, when you go to https://timelinenutrition.com/better with code BETTER. ****************************P.S. When you're ready, here are two ways Dr. Stephanie can help you:Subscribe: The Mini Pause — My weekly newsletter packed with the most actionable, evidence-based tools for women 40+ to thrive in midlife.Build Muscle: LIFT — My progressive strength training program designed for women in midlife. Form-focused, joint-friendly, and built for real results. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

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Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 4-23-2026: Dr. Dawn highlights ARPA-H-funded breakthroughs: Duke researchers created injections enabling cartilage cells to divide and remodel bone, UC Boulder developed intermittent-burst delivery of a repurposed drug that reversed rabbit arthritis in 4-8 weeks, and Columbia printed a living 3D knee using stem cells on biodegradable scaffolding. She notes the agency's budget was cut by $945 million despite requiring human trials within 18 months of funding. A cord blood study across 200 countries links phthalates—found in food packaging, vinyl flooring, shampoos, and toys—to placental disruption and premature birth. Dr. Dawn warns that removing specific chemicals just leads to untested replacements, and urges avoiding microwaving in plastic. An emailer asks about microbiome and exercise motivation. Dr. Dawn describes research showing Veillonella atypica bacteria eat lactate produced during exercise and trigger dopamine production via the vagus nerve, creating a reward loop. Bred "super-runner" mice ran three times longer than average, but antibiotics reduced their running by 21%, implicating microbiome involvement. Dr. Dawn expands on cortisol dynamics: levels should rise gradually from 3 a.m., spike threefold at waking to synchronize hormones, then decline throughout the day. Chronic stress keeps cortisol elevated, while burnout from sustained overproduction eventually exhausts the adrenals and disrupts circadian rhythm, requiring 6-12 months to restore. An emailer asks about food-based detoxification for skin and inflammation. Dr. Dawn explains that plant bioflavonoids—originally insecticides—trigger enzyme production that also breaks down synthetic pollutants, with sulfur-containing vegetables (crucifers, onions, garlic) particularly important. Colorful fruits and vegetables scavenge free radicals that damage DNA and collagen. Dr. Dawn explores red and near-infrared light therapy (600-1100nm), which boosts ATP production by energizing cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria. The FDA approved a device for dry macular degeneration, and red light is recommended for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. She notes modern buildings filter these wavelengths, potentially starving us of light our bodies evolved to need. Dr. Dawn shares research on unsupervised childhood play, citing psychologist Peter Gray's finding that independent play develops internal locus of control—the belief you can influence outcomes. such as youth anxiety and depression, as children no longer learn to self-soothe through tolerating boredom.

This week we welcome Max Swindells. To discuss evidence based training. Max provides his view of what evidence based training means to him and what evidence we can look to in HYROX. Max also provides details of the precise detail he looks to when trying to evaluate athletes prior to their first 12 weeks of training. We also deep dive into the world of Lactate threshold training and VO2 Max to consider how this may guide your training. Finally we consider some of the common tropes in HYROX training and look at what could be reduced or removed to improve training efficiency. Follow Max on Instagram - @maxswindells_fitness   Todays Podcast is sponsored byRowalong - Free indoor rowing workouts for you to RowAlong to - with a friendly voice in your ear. If you have any questions about the show or are interested in advertising with us then please contact admin@ukocr.com Find out more about us by clicking Here Support us on Patreon Here for as little as £2 per month and get all your podcasts Early or Buy us a beer if you like what we do

In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Scott Sherr to take a deep dive into methylene blue, mitochondrial function, and where the truth lies between online hype and fear. We talk through how methylene blue acts as a redox cycler in the mitochondria, how dosing differs for mitochondrial support versus antimicrobial use, and why high doses or poorly labeled liquid droppers can cause problems.  Dr. Sherr also shares how he's used methylene blue with athletes for recovery and endurance, including timing, half-life, and practical ranges he sees most often. We cover how mitochondrial health connects to energy, mood, focus, stress physiology, and recovery, plus resources from Transcriptions and the Health Optimization Medicine and Practice (HOMe/HOPe) framework. Sponsors: TROScriptions TX: https://troscriptions.com/?rfsn=9054607.066ddde&utm_source=refersion&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=9054607.066ddde CODE: DRMIKE Daily Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/bfa1510fa8 Coming up: ISSN 2026: https://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/ Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode Chapters: 03:11 Why Methylene Blue Now 04:29 Scott Cher Origin Story 05:05 Health Optimization Framework 07:08 Transcriptions and Safe Sourcing 08:46 Natural vs Synthetic Debate 11:49 How Methylene Blue Works 17:42 Who Benefits Most 22:13 Athletic Performance and Recovery 29:41 Dosing Timing and MAOI Effects 32:13 Mitochondria and Fertility 32:28 Energy Anxiety and Brain Fog 33:13 Depression Beyond Serotonin 35:30 Stress Pathways and Cell Danger 37:00 ADHD or Sympathetic Overdrive 38:50 Recovery Metrics and Downregulation 42:21 GABA Support and BBB Clues 47:50 Building Mitochondrial Capacity First 51:35 Methylene Blue Dosing Guide 57:54 Where to Learn More 01:00:24 Podcast Wrap and Disclaimer  Flex Diet Podcasts you may enjoy: Episode 344: Metabolic Adaptations, Lactate, and Training Smarter with Dr. Phil Batterson YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPZyO1nxSPA Episode 320: Unlocking Mitochondrial Secrets with Dr. Hemal Patel YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQGXtZjJtQw Connect with Dr Sherr: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drscottsherr/ Website: https://drscottsherr.com/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@drscottsherr Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: Drmiketnelson YouTube: @flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

Nutrition debates today often feel more ideological than scientific. One of the biggest examples is the ongoing controversy around seed oils, where strong opinions exist on both sides but clear understanding is often missing.  In this episode, Ted speaks with nutrition scientist Christopher Masterjohn to explore the history and research behind seed oils, cholesterol, fatty liver disease, and oxidative stress. They also discuss why nutrition debates become polarized, how choline intake influences liver health, and why metabolic markers like glucose and lactate can offer useful insights into personal metabolism.   If you want a deeper, more nuanced understanding of one of the most debated topics in nutrition—and practical ways to think about your own diet—this conversation will challenge assumptions and expand your perspective. Listen now.  Today's Guest  Christopher Masterjohn  Christopher Masterjohn is a nutrition scientist with a PhD in Nutritional Sciences. His work focuses on metabolism, micronutrients, and the biochemical mechanisms that influence long-term health. Through his research, writing, and educational platforms, he helps people understand how diet, metabolism, and lifestyle interact to shape metabolic health.    Connect to Christopher Masterjohn  Website: https://www.chrismasterjohn-phd.com   Instagram: @chrismasterjohn   X: @ChrisMasterjohn   Substack: Harnessing the Power of Nutrients   YouTube: @chrismasterjohn  Podcast: Mastering Nutrition Podcast    You'll learn:  Why seed oils became widely promoted—and why the science remains controversial  How polyunsaturated fats influence oxidative stress and long-term disease risk  The overlooked role of choline in preventing fatty liver and supporting metabolic health  How tracking glucose and lactate can provide deeper insight into metabolic function    Chapters:  00:00 Introduction  02:43 Seed Oils Defined  04:20 PUFAs Oxidation Risks  05:53 Heart Disease History  07:51 Trials Cancer Concerns  10:49 Null Hypothesis Debate  18:34 Choline Fatty Liver  33:50 Added Oils and Real Life  39:40 Muscle Over Fat Loss  44:24 Accidental Deficits Example  46:14 Coaching Psychology Nuance  50:59 Lactate and Mitochondria  56:11 Wrap Up and Where to Find 

Neuroscientist Dr. Tommy Wood breaks down what it actually takes to keep your brain sharp as you age. Drawing from his new book The Stimulated Mind, Tommy makes the case that movement is non-negotiable for brain health — and that even small amounts make a meaningful difference. From walking and resistance training to dancing and pickleball, different types of exercise protect different parts of the brain in ways that compound over time. The bottom line? You don't need a perfect plan. You just need to start. Episode Overview: (0:00) Intro/Teaser (7:00) The Exercise Framework: From Snacks to Sprints (11:00) The Norwegian 4x4 Study (14:00) Lactate, BDNF & Why HIIT Is Good for Your Brain (15:00) Resistance Training, White Matter & Decision-Making Speed (17:00) Why Pickleball Beats the Recumbent Bike (24:00) Stress, Cortisol & Inflammation (31:00) Muscle as a Proxy for Brain Health (40:00) Nutrition for Brain Health (53:00) The Female Brain (1:09:00) Brain Training: Languages, Video Games & the Power of Failing (1:23:00) The After-Party with Dr. Stephanie Resources mentioned in this episode: https://drstephanieestima.com/podcasts/ep460 We couldn't do it without our sponsors: PIQUE - Designed to deeply hydrate, enhance skin elasticity & firmness and support sustained energy—exactly what we need during this stage of life. Start your daily ritual today with 20% off for life—plus a free gift to elevate your routine. Head to https://piquelife.com/drestima. COZY EARTH  - Cozy Earth helps you feel better by keeping your temperature perfect overnight to facilitate deep restorative sleep. Head to https://cozyearth.com and use my code BETTER for up to 20% off. KENETIK - You think carefully about how you fuel your body but are you fueling your brain? Learn more about Kenetik and try it for yourself by going to https://drinkkenetik.com/BETTER and use code BETTER for 15% off your purchase. HIGHER DOSE - If you're noticing thinning, shedding, or simply want to support scalp and hair health proactively, this is a powerful addition to your routine. Get 15% off the Red Light Hat at https://higherdose.com with code BETTER at checkout. MINI PAUSE - Join my weekly roundup of the BEST actionable steps for women 40+ who want to gain control of their hormones during perimenopause and menopause. Head over to https://drstephanieestima.com/newsletter/ to sign up now! ****************************P.S. When you're ready, here are two ways Dr. Stephanie can help you:Subscribe: The Mini Pause — My weekly newsletter packed with the most actionable, evidence-based tools for women 40+ to thrive in midlife.Build Muscle: LIFT — My progressive strength training program designed for women in midlife. Form-focused, joint-friendly, and built for real results. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Register for a live Q&A with Dr. Tommy Wood on Wednesday, March 25th.Decreased glucose uptake in the brain is often considered a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. But Dr. Tommy Wood asks whether part of that metabolic signature may reflect how little cognitive demand we place on the brain.He sits down with Dr. Dominic D'Agostino for a nuanced conversation on metabolic health and cognitive function.. Dr. Wood is a neuroscientist, neonatal brain injury researcher, and author of The Stimulated Mind.This episode follows the metabolic thread through every stage of brain health. Pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes as predictors of cognitive decline. Neurovascular coupling as the reason heart disease risk factors double as brain disease risk factors. Lactate crossing the blood-brain barrier to drive BDNF production where it actually matters. Creatine as a brain energy distributor that most people still only associate with muscle. Dr. Wood lays out his Three S Model — Stimulus, Supply, Support — and makes the case that cognitive demand drives glucose uptake into the brain the same way muscular contraction drives it into skeletal muscle.Questions Answered in This Episode:Does the brain respond to energy demand the same way skeletal muscle does?What role does creatine play in brain energy distribution, and what do the clinical trials show?Can heavy resistance training produce the same brain-relevant lactate response as HIIT?How should exercise be dosed after a concussion or traumatic brain injury?Is cognitive decline in your 50s, 60s, and 70s actually inevitable, or is that a statistical artifact?Why are pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome among the strongest predictors of dementia?The mechanistic throughline here is demand-driven metabolism. Dr. Wood makes the case that the same principles governing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle apply to the brain — and the conversation gets into what that means for how we interpret FDG-PET data, design lifestyle interventions, and think about neurodegeneration itself.Find more at DrTommyWood.comSpecial thanks to the sponsors of this episode:✅ Fatty15 – Get 15% off a 90-day Starter Kit with code METABOLICLINK here✅ Troscriptions – Get 10% off your first order with code METABOLICLINK here✅ Toups and Co – Get 15% off your first order with code METABOLIC here✅ ZocDoc - Find and instantly book a top-rated doctor hereIn every episode of The Metabolic Link, we'll uncover the very latest research on metabolic health and therapy. If you like this episode, please share it, subscribe, follow, and leave us a comment or review on whichever platform you use to tune in!You can find us on all your major podcast players here and full episodes are also up on our Metabolic Health Summit YouTube channel!Find us on social: Instagram Facebook YouTube LinkedIn Please keep in mind: The Metabolic Link does not provide medical or health advice, but rather general information that does not serve as a substitute for a licensed healthcare professional. Never delay in seeking medical advice from an appropriately licensed medical provider for any health condition that you may have.

Episode Summary: In this episode of the Garage Gym Athlete podcast, Jerred Moon and Dave break down how to run longer without fatigue. They unpack five proven strategies that improve endurance and delay exhaustion: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Strength Training Lactate Threshold Training Smart Pacing Hydration and Nutrition Backed by scientific research and real-world experience, this episode emphasizes a balanced training approach that blends intensity, recovery, and intelligent programming. Keywords: running, endurance, HIIT, strength training, lactate threshold, pacing, hydration, carbohydrates, fatigue, performance Key Takeaways: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improves endurance and running economy. Heavy strength training enhances performance and reduces fatigue. Lactate threshold training improves metabolic efficiency. Smart pacing strategies like negative splits conserve energy. Hydration and nutrition delay fatigue during prolonged efforts. Recovery is often the missing piece in endurance training. Combining modalities leads to better overall performance. Understanding your limits is key to improvement. Nutrition is a 24-hour strategy, not just pre-workout. Mental toughness plays a major role in endurance success. Sound Bites: "Run longer without getting tired." "Smart pacing reduces early fatigue." "Nutrition is a 24-hour window." Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction to Running Longer Without Fatigue 08:23 – The Role of Strength Training in Running 14:40 – Understanding Lactate Threshold Training 21:49 – Smart Pacing Strategies for Runners 30:51 – The Importance of Hydration and Nutrition

Dr. Tommy Wood (@DrRagnar) is an associate professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at the University of Washington, where his research focuses on brain health across the lifespan. This includes therapies for brain injury in newborns, prevention and treatment of adult brain trauma, and the factors that contribute to long-term cognitive function and cognitive decline. He is the author of the forthcoming book The Stimulated Mind.This episode is brought to you by:Circle complete community platform for your community, events, and courses — all under your own brand: https://circle.so/tim ($1,000 off when you demo Circle Plus)Monarch track, budget, plan, and do more with your money: Monarch.com/Tim (50% off your first year at monarchmoney.com with code TIM)Eight Sleep Pod Cover 5 sleeping solution for dynamic cooling and heating: EightSleep.com/Tim (use code TIM to get $350 off your very own Pod 5 Ultra.)Cresset family office services for CEOs, founders, and entrepreneurs: CressetCapital.com/Tim*TIMESTAMPS:[00:00:00] Start[00:02:30] The cognition conversation commences.[00:03:11] Why human babies are chubby little brain-fuel tanks.[00:05:16] Brain injury in newborns: Cooling, caffeine, and coming home.[00:09:07] Adult concussion protocol: Fever management, ketones, and why you shouldn't chug Powerade.[00:18:59] Washington's 2nd Strongest Man talks omega-3s, methylation, and why your brain needs the whole orchestra.[00:29:34] Auguste Deter, Alzheimer's mystery patient, and the 45-70% dementia prevention sweet spot.[00:39:22] From CGM monitoring to the “use it or lose it” glucose paradox.[00:55:54] VO2 max training as cardio insurance against dementia.[01:01:32] Jiu-jitsu, sleds, and the Norwegian torture method (4×4 intervals).[01:03:37] Lactate training: Forget the finger prick, embrace the misery.[01:06:40] Announcing The Stimulated Mind: Tommy's brain-saving book.[01:07:35] Foundation supplements: Omega-3s, B vitamins, vitamin D, iron, and magnesium.[01:08:58] Polyphenols, choline, and the case for eating more liver.[01:10:40] Creatine: Tommy's 10-gram cognitive stimulant ritual.[01:11:58] Cheap creatine temptation leads to lavatory lamentation.[01:14:16] Blood flow restriction training: High lactate, low load, maximum travel convenience.[01:21:45] Language learning, music, StarCraft, and why your brain needs to fail.[01:38:04] Sleep anxiety, air pollution, and gum disease: the overlooked dementia risk factors.[01:45:32] Air purifiers, CO2 levels, and sleep optimization hacks.[01:51:52] DORAs for sleep quality: when cognitive stimulation isn't enough.[01:54:55] The thesis behind The Stimulated Mind: Practical, referenced, and sustainable.[01:56:32] Kelly and Juliet Starrett's stamp of approval.[01:57:44] The beautiful compounding effect of fixing just one thing.[01:58:59] Who is Dr. Ragnar, and does he make housecalls to Valhalla?[02:01:06] Tommy's open invitation for complaints and scientific debates.[02:02:21] Parting thoughts.*For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast.For deals from sponsors of The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast-sponsorsSign up for Tim's email newsletter (5-Bullet Friday) at tim.blog/friday.For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts.Discover Tim's books: tim.blog/books.Follow Tim:Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferrissYouTube: youtube.com/timferrissFacebook: facebook.com/timferriss LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/timferrissSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Cas Fuchs from Maastricht University to dive into the science behind cold water immersion. We discuss its impact on muscle recovery, protein synthesis, and overall performance. Dr. Fuchs shares his latest research findings, debunking common myths and providing actionable insights for athletes and fitness enthusiasts.Plus, we touch on the effects of different carbohydrates on glycogen resynthesis and liver function. Whether you're a gym-goer or a seasoned athlete, this episode is packed with valuable information to optimize your training and recovery strategies.Sponsors:Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://miketnelson.com/Available now:Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here.Episode Chapters:02:15 Starting the Discussion with Dr. Fuchs03:05 Research on Cold Water Immersion04:39 Mechanisms and Effects of Cooling on Muscle Recovery12:08 Long-Term Effects of Cold Water Immersion24:01 Comparing Cooling and Heating Protocols32:35 Placebo Effects and Practical Applications37:57 Debunking Cold Water Immersion for Fat Loss41:01 Exploring the Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Endurance41:50 The Role of Temperature in Muscle Physiology42:40 Practical Applications of Cold Water Immersion44:43 The Myth of Cooling Devices for Performance Enhancement48:37 Pre-Exercise Cold Water Immersion: Benefits and Drawbacks50:58 Glycogen Resynthesis and Carbohydrate Types01:02:50 Recent Research on Breakfast and Liver Glycogen01:06:13 Upcoming Studies and Bodybuilder Research01:09:10 Cold Water Immersion Tips for Gym Goers01:10:40 Conclusion and Contact Information Flex Diet Podcast Episodes You May Enjoy:Episode 202: Cold water immersion and the body's regulation systems: An interview with Dr. Dwayne JacksonYouTube: https://youtu.be/3UfPcOJdmIA?si=Vu4FT12Z5gd4JXkxEpisode 344: Metabolic Adaptations, Lactate, and Training Smarter with Dr. Phil BattersonYouTube: https://youtu.be/PPZyO1nxSPA?si=7BjCBIQBbs7srclyConnect with Cas:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/casfuchsLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/casfuchsGet In Touch with Dr Mike:Instagram: DrmiketnelsonYouTube: @flexdietcertEmail: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

It's a controversial topic, fasting, especially for women. Dr. Mindy Pelz was teaching women to fast primarily because they wanted to lose weight, but what she was witnessing was women saying things like, "I lost weight, but my hair's falling out. I don't have a period anymore. I sat down with Dr. Mindy Pelz, New York Times bestselling author of Age Like a Girl, hormone expert, and the voice redefining fasting for women - because doing it wrong can wreck your health. We explore why fasting affects women differently, how ketones can restore brain function during menopause, and why understanding your hormonal cycle is critical for metabolic health, cognitive performance, and longevity. Reduce your risk of Alzheimer's with my science-backed protocol for women 30+: https://go.neuroathletics.com.au/youtube-sales-page Subscribe to The Neuro Experience for evidence-based conversations at the intersection of brain science, longevity, and performance. _____ TOPICS DISCUSSED 00:00 Intro 01:50 What put Dr. Mindy Pelz on the map 03:14 The truth about fasting vs intermittent fasting 05:13 How the brain uses glucose vs ketones 07:25 Why the brain "eats itself" during menopause 10:14 What is mitophagy and cellular autophagy 13:11 Why autophagy is the body's repair system 15:24 The 12-hour vs 17-hour vs 72-hour fast 17:23 Why women's cycles are disrupted by fasting 19:59 The fasting cycle for women 21:05 Lactate as a fuel source for the brain 23:01 Hemoglobin A1C and insulin resistance 27:36 Understanding CGM data correctly 30:13 Where women should start at 48 32:01 HRT: personal decision or necessity? 34:15 The nervous system shift during perimenopause 38:48 The grandmother hypothesis and evolutionary sensitivity 41:09 The "menopause divorce" phenomenon 44:18 Dementia, Alzheimer's, and women46:17 Dopamine, novelty, and neuroplasticity47:23 Cold water immersion and trauma rewiring51:19 Cold water and cortisol for women53:51 Exercise, BDNF, and brain health55:21 Serotonin, light exposure, and sleep58:00 Glycine, bone broth, and longevity01:02:26 Preparing for perimenopause and menopause 01:04:24 Acetylcholine, storytelling, and memory 01:08:38 Why eggs and cholesterol matter for the brain _______ A huge thank you to my sponsors for supporting this episode. Check them out and enjoy exclusive discounts: Ketone-IQ: Mental clarity that lasts - without the crash. Visit https://ketone.com/NEURO for 30% OFF your subscription order - PLUS receive a free gift with your second shipment or find Ketone-IQ at Target stores nationwide and get your first shot free! IQBAR: The New Year gives us all a chance to reset. Maximize your brain and body's potential with IQBAR's protein bars, hydration mixes, and mushroom coffees. Text NEURO to 64000 to get 20% off all IQBAR products, plus FREE shipping. Caraway: Visit Carawayhome.com/neuro10 or use code neuro10 at checkout to take an additional 10% off your next purchase. Caraway. Non-Toxic cookware made modern. Cure Hydration: For The Neuro Experience listeners, you can get 20% off your first order at curehydration.com/NEURO with code NEURO. Cure is FSA/HSA approved, so you can use your FSA or HSA funds to stay hydrated the smart way. Jones Road Beauty: Use code NEURO at jonesroadbeauty.com to get a Free Cool Gloss with your first purchase! _______ I'm Louisa Nicola - clinical neurophysiologist - Alzheimer's prevention specialist - founder of Neuro Athletics. My mission is to translate cutting-edge neuroscience into actionable strategies for cognitive longevity, peak performance, and brain disease prevention. If you're committed to optimizing your brain- reducing Alzheimer's risk - and staying mentally sharp for life, you're in the right place. Stay sharp. Stay informed. Join thousands who subscribe to the Neuro Athletics Newsletter → https://bit.ly/3ewI5P0 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/louisanicola_/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/louisanicola_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We got our big juicy pumps for this amazing episode! We started by talking about a couple pieces of personal news, including a shockingly cool number 4 ranking in the Ultra Runner of the Year voting... and some tough health findings from an MRI. The newest shoe review is a medical boot. It's still better than most trail shoes.The big science discussion was on a pair of studies on advanced female runners, with both finding low carbohydrate intake on training days. One of the studies on elite athletes found that 94.3% had low energy availability! We broaden out the discussion into nutritional approaches generally. And David tries to broaden it out into a thinkpiece about the food pyramid. At a certain point, maybe your thinkpiece is so wrong that you eventually loop around and become right? Don't answer that.And this one was full of great topics! Other topics: our approach to training and health with the foot, a study on using heat training to substitute for other types of training, what we'd spend with $200 a month, how we are making money off AI, the Burrito League, some quick thoughts on continuous lactate monitors, Shelby Houlihan and Molly Seidel setting records at trail races, Raya for trail and ultra runners, sleep and FKTs, blood tests and training for downhills in a flat place.We love you all! HUZZAH!-David and MeganClick "Claim Your Sponsorship" for $40 free credit at The Feed here: thefeed.com/swapBuy Janji's amazing gear: https://janji.com (code "SWAP")The Wahoo KICKR Run is the best treadmill on the market: https://www.wahoofitness.com/devices/running/treadmills/kickr-run-buy (code “SWAP”)Athlete Blood Test (code "SWAP"): https://www.athletebloodtest.com/shop/For training plans, weekly bonus podcasts, articles, and videos: patreon.com/swap

This week on the WHOOP Podcast, WHOOP Global Head of Human Performance, Principal Scientist, Dr. Kristen Holmes sits down with dual-sport national team athlete and exercise physiologist Dr. Heather Logan-Sprenger. The two take a deep dive into one of the most underrated and often forgotten about habits for human performance: hydration.Dr. Logan-Sprenger shares how growing up in Northern Ontario, watching her dad water flowers and her cat grow winter fur, quietly planted the seeds for a lifelong fascination with physiology, stress, and adaptation. From competing for Team Canada in both ice hockey and road cycling to suffering from heat stroke mid–PhD on hydration, her experience and education show just how fragile — and adaptable — the human body really is.Dr. Holmes and Dr. Logan-Sprenger identify what mild dehydration does to your metabolism, brain, and overall performance, and how hydration needs shift across the menstrual cycle. This episode will teach you the simple hydration strategies, how to calculate your sweat rate at home, and when electrolytes actually matter.(01:07) Dr. Heather Logan-Sprenger Intro: Background in Sport & Physiology(01:49) Training, Nutrition, & Hydration: Unpacking Your Body's Needs(08:06) National-Level Athlete to PhD(10:51) WHOOP Podcast Rapid Fire Questions(13:08) Training At Altitude: Hydration Dos and Don'ts (14:49) The Physiology of Heat Stroke(20:33) Correlation Between Hydration and Carbs While Training(24:51) How The Menstrual Cycle Affects Hydration (31:19) Mechanisms of Dehydration: What Happens To The Body(36:52) Cognitive Disadvantages Of Dehydration(38:56) Dehydration's Effects On The Cardiovascular & Thermoregulatory System(40:35) Dehydration's Effects On The Brain (41:29) Measuring Your Sweat Rate As An Athlete(45:39) Essential Habits To Teach Kids and Athletes About Hydration(49:20) Overhydrating and Mineral Loss with Hydration(53:45) Debunking Hydration Myths(55:54) Heart Rate, Lactate, and Power Output's Relationships to Hydration(59:48) Dr. Logan-Sprenger's Ideal Hydration Study: Mitochondrial Hypoxia and Metabolism(01:05:23) OutroFollow Dr. Heather Logan-SprengerLinkedInInstagramPeakgenicsSupport the showFollow WHOOP: Sign up for WHOOP Advanced Labs Trial WHOOP for Free www.whoop.com Instagram TikTok YouTube X Facebook LinkedIn Follow Will Ahmed: Instagram X LinkedIn Follow Kristen Holmes: Instagram LinkedIn Follow Emily Capodilupo: LinkedIn

What if thousands of steps of gentle walking aren't giving you the brain protection you think they are? In this solo episode, I break down one of the most important exercise studies published in Nature Communications and what it means for your brain, longevity, and Alzheimer's risk. Tracking over 73,000 people for eight years using wearables, the findings are shocking: one minute of vigorous exercise is worth up to 10 minutes of moderate activity — not the outdated 2-to-1 rule. For diabetes prevention, it's nearly 10-to-1. For cardiovascular mortality, it's 8-to-1. And here's what no one is saying: every outcome measured — heart disease, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction — is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's and dementia. I explain why vigorous exercise is so powerful for your brain: shear stress that strengthens blood vessels, lactate that triggers BDNF, muscle fiber recruitment that protects against falls and cognitive decline, and glucose regulation that defends against insulin resistance — a driver of neurodegeneration. Think vigorous exercise is out of reach? Good news: the study defines it as brisk stairs, carrying groceries, or playing actively with your kids. No gym required — just effort. Just 3–4 minutes of vigorous bursts per day can reduce all-cause mortality by 40% and cardiovascular events by nearly 50%. For women over 40, this is critical. Two-thirds of Alzheimer's cases are women, and perimenopause is a vulnerability window for the brain. Vigorous exercise can partially compensate for declining estrogen by improving glucose regulation, reducing inflammation, and protecting the brain in ways gentle movement cannot. *** Reduce your risk of Alzheimer's with my science-backed protocol for women 30+: https://go.neuroathletics.com.au/brain-code-yt Subscribe to The Neuro Experience for more conversations at the intersection of brain science and performance. I'm committed to bringing you evidence-based insights that you can apply to your own health journey. *** A huge thank you to my sponsors for supporting this episode. Check them out and enjoy exclusive discounts: Rho NutritionYou can get 20% off with the code NEURO at https://rhonutrition.com Function HealthVisit https://functionhealth.com/louisa or use gift code NEURO100 at sign-up to own your health. AquaTruGo to https://AquaTru.com now for 20% off using promo code NEURO. TimelineHead to https://www.timeline.com/neuro to get 20% off. Cure HydrationGet 20% off your first order at https://curehydration.com/neuro with code NEURO. *** I'm Louisa Nicola — clinical neurophysiologist — Alzheimer's prevention specialist — founder of Neuro Athletics. My mission is to translate cutting-edge neuroscience into actionable strategies for cognitive longevity, peak performance, and brain disease prevention. If you're committed to optimizing your brain — reducing Alzheimer's risk — and staying mentally sharp for life, you're in the right place. Stay sharp. Stay informed. Join thousands who subscribe to the Neuro Athletics Newsletter → https://bit.ly/3ewI5P0 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/louisanicola_/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/louisanicola_ Topics discussed:00:00:00 Introduction: The Exercise Intensity Revolution 00:01:02 The Study That Changes Everything 00:04:50 The Flawed Foundation: Why Guidelines Were Wrong 00:06:50 The Real Numbers: 4 to 10 Times More Powerful 00:08:53 The Brain Connection No One Is Talking About 00:15:32 Mechanism 1: Shear Stress and Cerebral Blood Flow 00:17:38 Mechanism 2: Lactate and BDNF Production 00:19:25 Mechanism 3: Type 2 Muscle Fibers and Myokines 00:24:30 Mechanism 4: Glucose Regulation and Mitochondrial Health 00:28:18 VILPA: The 3-Minute Daily Game Changer 00:32:16 Women and Menopause: The Critical Window 00:35:19 Practical Protocols: What to Do Starting Today Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Shannon is the Founder & CEO of MyBya.com and the MyBya App, the author of The Lactate Revolution and a 4-time World Championships Triathlon top-10 finisher. This speed-focused talk is the third in a series that Shannon has prepared for us on using lactate data to improve training and performance.If you've got a topic to share, contact David Mitchell to learn more.

Find out more about Coach Steve HERE https://insidethebigring.org www.madisonmultisport.com   ---- Check out Coach Steve's Youtube https://www.youtube.com/@StevenBrandesTRI ---- If you are looking at a consultation with Coach Steve to talk training, racing, aero set ups, and nutrition book here! www.insidethebigring.org/coaching ---- Check out Coach Steve's IRONMAN and 70.3 Training Plans you can BUY! https://shorturl.at/w4kmv ---- If you are into MORE PODCASTS, CLICK HERE!!! https://insidethebigring.org/podcast   Submit Podcast Questions https://insidethebigring.org/podcast-questions   Look into Coaching Consultations https://insidethebigring.org/coaching

My new book Running Breakthroughs is available now as audiobook, authographed book and eBook at https://florisgierman.com. It's a summary of 10 years podcasting lessons, takeaways from coaching thousands of athletes and my own breakthroughs in running and life.     Today Round 5 with Dr. Maffetone on The Extramilest Show. Overtraining is one of the most common reasons runners plateau, burn out, or get slower despite training harder. Dr. Maffetone breaks down how hidden stress, poor recovery, and misunderstood nutrition can quietly sabotage performance + tools to build health first so speed and consistency can follow.   Watch this full video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/NO6GBkODkR4      CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Low Heart Rate Training + Overtraining + Recovery 1:43 - Running Breakthroughs signed copies 2:42 - My favorite running apparel Path Projects 3:22 - Round 5 with Dr. Phil 4:41 - What creates athlete breakthroughs 10:16 - How stress slows you down 14:28 - The "gray zone" & low heart rate training 20:29 - Lactate shuttles & aerobic speed 27:44 - Why low HR training doesn't work for some 32:47 - Refined carbs & brain health 36:07 - Common carbs & better alternatives 39:16 - Are there better bread options? 42:45 - What athletes should eat 44:45 - Potatoes, rice, and carbs explained 47:22 - Cholesterol & fat myths 52:47 - Testing nutrition instead of guessing 54:37 - Why enjoyment matters 56:40 - Common training misconceptions 58:17 - Overtraining warning signs 1:02:15 - Resting heart rate & hidden stress 1:09:48 - Strength training and why it matters 1:14:05 - Recovering from burnout 1:18:55 - Where to find Dr. Phil's study 1:19:38 - How to be a healthier, stronger, happier athlete   FIND DR. MAFFETONE: ► Website: https://maffetonemusic.com/  ► Frontiers Full Paper by Dr Maffetone: https://tinyurl.com/frontiers-maffetone  ► Press Release Brain Research: https://maffetonemusic.com/press-release-brain-research    LINKS & TOOLS MENTIONED ► My new book Running Breakthroughs: https://florisgierman.com/ ► More options to buy the book worldwide on Amazon: https://geni.us/running-breakthroughs  ► Path Projects: https://pathprojects.com/flo    ► Dr. Phil's Study: https://maffetonemusic.com/  ► Episode with Brent Cunningham: https://youtu.be/L3vsBmqelq4  ► Episode with Dr. Marco Guazzelli: https://youtu.be/C8rxNRDPMCI  ► Episode with Dr. Rangan Chatterjee: https://youtu.be/mF0CCpy3Dzo  ► Episode with Kilian Jornet: https://youtu.be/cU7cNo7ZwUk  ► Episode with Mark Allen: https://youtu.be/YlBUJTIggyA      YOU CAN FIND ME, COACH FLORIS GIERMAN HERE:  ► My book Running Breakthroughs as Audio book, Printed Book & eBook: https://geni.us/runningbreakthroughs  ► Our Personal Best Coaching Program: https://www.pbprogram.com/  ► YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/florisgierman ► Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/1329785  ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/florisgierman  ► Extramilest: https://extramilest.com/  ► Path Projects: https://pathprojects.com/flo ► Podcast: https://extramilest.com/podcast/    Affiliate Disclosure: I may earn commissions if you purchase items via my affiliate links. "As an affiliate I earn from qualifying purchases." Affiliate links do not increase cost to you. Also, you do not need to use these links. You can also search for these same items in Amazon or on any search engine/shopping site of your choice and buy/research them that way.     ABOUT THE EXTRAMILEST SHOW: A podcast and YouTube channel where host Floris Gierman interviews world class athletes, coaches and health experts on the topic of how to become a stronger, healthier and happier athlete.     More info about our Personal Best Running Coaching Program can be found at https://www.pbprogram.com.      SUBSCRIBE and hit the bell to see new videos: https://bit.ly/Flo-YT

Thank you to our sponsors:✨ Previnex: Previnex creates clinically effective, third-party tested supplements made with high-quality ingredients, including Muscle Health Plus (creatine). Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com✨ Amazfit: User-friendly simple running watches with advanced features, at an affordable price point. Use link http://bit.ly/4nai73H for 10% off your purchase.✨ FlipBelt: Sleek storage options, including no-bounce running belts and shorts. Use code TLF20 at flipbelt.com for 20% off your purchase.In this episode, you will learn:✅ Is there such thing as too much running?✅ On the colon cancer and running study✅ Is too much running bad for your heart?✅ Does running help with mood disorders and mental health?✅ Age-related declines✅ Creating a training plan for running for healthField Tests for our Listener Question:Cooper test: After a 10-20 min warm-up, run as far as you can in 12 minutes. Record distance and enter into this calculator.1.5-mile run test: After a 10-20 min warm-up, run as fast as you can for 1.5 miles. Record distance and enter into this calculator.Lactate threshold test. After a 10-20 min warm-up, run 30 minutes as fast as you can (self-paced, even effort). Your average pace over the final 20 minutes is your velocity at second LT (60-min race pace) and your average HR over the final 20 min is your LTHR.If you enjoyed this episode, you may also like:

Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. (@foundmyfitness) is a biomedical scientist and the founder of FoundMyFitness, a platform dedicated to delivering rigorous, evidence-based insights on improving healthspan and mitigating age-related diseases.Sponsors:Helix Sleep premium mattresses: https://HelixSleep.com/Tim (27% off all mattress orders)Momentous high-quality creatine and other supplements: https://livemomentous.com/tim (code TIM for up to 35% off)David Protein Bars 28g of protein, 150 calories, and 0g of sugar: https://davidprotein.com/tim (Buy 4 cartons, get the 5th free.)Monarch Money track, budget, plan, and do more with your money: MonarchMoney.com/Tim (50% off your first year at monarchmoney.com with code TIM)Timestamps:[00:00:00] Start.[00:04:54] Dealing with aging parents and other topics on the table.[00:10:43] How a common multivitamin helps reverse cognitive and memory aging.[00:12:04] The importance of supplementation — especially as we age.[00:13:10] Effectively supplementing with omega-3 fish oil to counter APOE4 and Alzheimer's risks.[00:16:50] The CoQ10 and omega-3 protocol that has helped Rhonda's father manage Parkinson's symptoms for nearly a decade.[00:19:28] Sulforaphane: a potent NRF2 activator with an unexpected benefit for Rhonda's mother's tremors.[00:25:34] How Rhonda convinced her mom to start CrossFit and the power of community-based, senior-focused fitness.[00:26:52] The earlier the intervention, the better the outcomes.[00:32:25] Intermittent fasting vs. extended fasting and my own results.[00:44:31] Does fasting destroy muscle mass? Debunking the catabolism fear and understanding the crucial role of the re-feeding phase.[00:57:24] "Dirty" fasting: what really happens to autophagy and metabolic benefits when you add a splash of cream or MCT oil to your coffee?[01:00:44] VO2 max: the one metric that may predict lifespan more accurately than anything else, and how we work to improve it.[01:12:07] How a two-year exercise program reversed heart aging by 20 years in previously sedentary, middle-aged adults.[01:16:18] Lactate isn't the enemy: how vigorous exercise creates a superfuel that protects and grows the brain.[01:20:30] The optimal sauna protocol (temperature and frequency) for slashing dementia risk by 66%.[01:29:17] If you're human, you'll find a use for curcumin.[01:30:43] Creatine for cognition: moving beyond the gym with a powerful, science-backed tool for focus and combating sleep deprivation.[01:42:41] Still vitamin D deficient despite taking supplements? Here's the critical cofactor you're probably missing.[01:53:52] Shocking sources of microplastics in our daily lives, including chewing gum and teabags.[02:04:10] The uncomfortable truth about "moderate" alcohol consumption, cancer risk, and why the "sick quitter" hypothesis makes most older studies unreliable.[02:17:03] The ups and downs of ketamine and psilocybin on cognition and longevity.[02:24:19] Parting thoughts and where to find more from Rhonda.*Show notes for this episode: https://tim.blog/2025/07/24/dr-rhonda-patrick/For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast.For deals from sponsors of The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast-sponsorsSign up for Tim's email newsletter (5-Bullet Friday) at tim.blog/friday.For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts.Discover Tim's books: tim.blog/books.Follow Tim:Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferrissYouTube: youtube.com/timferrissFacebook: facebook.com/timferriss LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/timferrissSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.