Podcasts about chickahominy

We sit down with chart-topping country artist and songwriter Canaan Smith, whose latest album Chickahominy is out now. Canaan dives into the stories behind the music, his journey as an independent artist, how life as a dad has reshaped his perspective, how a small camper had a major impact on the album, and so much more.Jonathan's Drinking: Hard Truth Harvest Rye

Indie, Country Rock, Folk, Outlaw Country, Pop Alt-R&B, Disco, Hip Hop, Rock and Techno from members of the Cree, Metis, Ojibwe, Atikamekw, Saulteaux, Chickahominy, Cherokee, Mi'kmaq, Taos Pueblo, Navajo, Mohawk, Dene, Nooksack, Nez Perce, Sioux, Ojibway and Blackfoot Nations. Brought to you by Tunes From Turtle Island and Pantheon Podcasts. If you like the music you hear, go out and buy/stream some of it. :) All these artists need your support. Tracks on this week's show are: Sebastian Gaskin - Shadows Sara Kae - The North Jacquie Daniels - Sunday Morning Coming Down Sakay Ottawa - Mitcetwaw Aspects & Siibi - So Right Ethan Lyric - Stall and Stop Nahko And Medicine For The People - Black As Night (Raw Ordio Remix) Teagan Littlechief - Shine On Tony Enos - Set The World On Fire Hope - Less Is More Lizzart - a love letter I'll never send Sacred Wolf Singers & Simon Wall & Laura Niquay - Mi'kmaq Intertribal Mozart Gabriel & KWAHARANI - Homecoming Waawaasmokwe - Kool Aid David R. Maracle - Sweetgrass Remix Lola Parks - Vamos Patrick Moon Bird - Lazy Boy Deanne Rose Moore - Wawatew (Northern Lights) ABO - Fiendin B. Fabian - Cant Get Me Outta Your Head Alanis Nelson - The One To Blame Sheldon Sundown - The Jump Tall Paul - Ride Out Asiah Holm - Fools Gold Yellowwolf - Villain Lil Jim - Raise My Hands Jade Turner & Ryan Langlois - Slow Dance Alan Syliboy and the Thundermakers - Caribou Elegy Grupo Kual - Cumbia Ele Classic Roots - Echos Of The Drum All songs on this podcast are owned by the artist(s) and are used for educational purposes only. All songs can be found for purchase or streaming wherever you get your great music. Please pick up these amazing tracks and support these artists. More info on the show here.

A sermon preached at Frederick's Hall, Va., in Hood's (4th) Texas Brigade, June 22, 1862, and published in tract form at the request of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson.General Thomas J. Jackson, during his forced march from the Valley of Virginia to the Chickahominy, halted his command, for the Sabbath, along the line of the Virginia Central Railroad, from Gordonsville to Frederick's Hall, in the county of Louisa.

Christmas is traditionally a time of gift-giving. Ever wonder why? Mark Custalow of the Mattaponi and Chickahominy tribes of Virginia shares the Christmas story - and reminds us that we celebrate this day because of the greatest gift ever given. What are you going to do with the gift of Jesus?

Pop, Rock-a-billy, Latin, Country, R&B, Electro-Soul, Americana, Funk, Jazz, and Hip Hop from members of the Mohawk, Lakota, Metis, Mi'kmaq, Tlingit, Cherokee, Haida, Blackfoot, Chickahominy, Wampanoag, Oglala, and Anishinaabe nations. Brought to you by Tunes From Turtle Island and Pantheon Podcasts. If you like the music you hear, go out and buy/stream some of it. :) All these artists need your support. Tracks on this week's show are: Stella Standingbear - Paradise Julian Taylor - Running Away Bial Hclap & Ultra K - Viento Breton David - Honestly Sunsetto - GREEN TXTS Jodie B - Neon Scunchie Clayton Ryan & Ryan LittleEagle - Evergreen Alan Syliboy & The Thundermakers & Morgan Toney - Poglatamootj Khu.eex - Rubber Bullets LIZZART - Alone Wicahpi Olowan & 9a - What You've Been Missing Drezus - War Paint Whisperhawk - I Am On Your Side The Halluci Nation & Saul Williams & NARCY - Voices Through The Rubble Eekwol - Runnin' Home All songs on this podcast are owned by the artist(s) and are used for educational purposes only. All songs can be found for purchase or streaming wherever you get your great music. Please pick up these amazing tracks and support these artists. More info on the show here.

Connor Tupponce, a member of the Upper Mattaponi and Chickahominy tribes, discusses his work promoting tribal consultation in environmental and land-use matters in Virginia. Indigenous voices are crucial in managing public lands, he says. That's especially true at Werowocomoco, the recently rediscovered site along the York River that was once the seat of the Powhatan Confederacy.

https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/languaginghr Title: Languaging in Hampton Roads Episode 5: The Sound of Virginia: Awakening the Powhatan language Hosts: Jill Winkowski and Prue Salasky Date: May 28, 2024 Length: 28 minutes Publication Frequency: Fourth Friday of each month Worldwide, languages are becoming extinct at an alarming rate. While some are working to record endangered languages, here in Hampton Roads the Powhatan Algonquian Intertribal Roundtable, or PAIR, a consortium of eight sovereign nations, is working to bring the Powhatan language (also known as Virginia Algonquian) back to life after three centuries of dormancy.  PAIR consists of representatives from the Chickahominy, Eastern Chickahominy, Mattaponi, Upper Mattaponi, Nansemond, Rappahannock, Pamunkey and Patawomeck tribes from the area between the James River and the Potomac River in Virginia, historically called Tsenocomoco and home to the Powhatan chiefdom. PAIR has secured a 3-year language preservation grant through 2026 from the Administration for Native Americans.  This episode includes interviews with Lenora Adkins and Kayla Locklear of the Chickahominy (www.chickahominytribe.org), leaders of the language project Omisun ( waking oneself up); along with language specialists Dr. Stephanie Hasselbacher, PhD.(https://kenahconsulting.com) and Ian Custalow, both of whom are working with PAIR. Custalow, a gifted language speaker, is a member of the Mattaponi, and has been researching the Powhatan language for more than 20 years. We also tap into the expertise of Scott Dawson, a Hatteras Islander who has spent decades exploring the linguistic and archaeological heritage of Algonquian speakers. We speak with Kole Matheson, an at-large member of the Cherokee Western Band, a Tidewater resident, and instructor at Old Dominion University, ODU. As one of four panelists at a symposium on Indigenous Language Preservation at ODU, organized by Applied Linguistics graduate student Sara Rose Hotaling, Matheson attested to the importance of preserving language in connecting to culture.   The goals of PAIR are to create a 24-lesson curriculum for learning Powhatan, to make a dictionary of the language, and to complete a map with native place names. As Adkins says, “We want to learn it first!” And, “Check back in with us in 3 years!” Send your comments, feedback and questions to languagingHR@gmail.com

House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Public Witness Hearing - American Indian & Alaska Native: Day 1, Morning Session Date: Tue, 05/07/2024 - 9:00 AM Location: Capitol Complex, 2008 RHOB, Washington, DC, 20515 Witnesses Mr. Lee Juan Tyler Chairman, Fort Hall Business Council of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Ms. Whitney Gravelle President, Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority Mr. Kirk Francis Chief of Penobscot Indian Nation, United South and Eastern Tribes Sovereignty Protection Fund (USET SPF) Mr. Robert Blanchard [Note: Witness was not present] Chairman, Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians Mr. Grant Johnson President, Prairie Island Indian Community Mr. Darrell Seki, Sr. Chairman, Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians Mr. Kevin Dupuis, Sr. Chairman, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Mr. Jason Schlender Administrator, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission Mr. Austin Lowes [Note: Initial part of statement not audible] Chairman, Sault Ste. Marie Band of Chippewa Indians Mr. George W. Thompson Vice President, Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Mr. Henry Fox Vice Chairman, White Earth Nation Mr. Dana Sam Buckles Councilman, Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Reservation Ms. Carole Lankford Councilwoman, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation Mr. Joseph Rosette Councilman, Chippewa Cree Tribe Ms. Ashleigh Weeks General Manager, Assiniboine and Sioux Rural Water Supply System Mr. Marvin Weatherwax, Jr. Councilman, Blackfeet Tribe of Montana Mr. George Jay Ball Councilman, Fort Belknap Indian Community Ms. Shere Wright-Plank Councilwoman, Rosebud Sioux Tribe Mr. Ervin Carlson President, Inter-Tribal Buffalo Council Mr. Frank Star Comes Out President, Oglala Sioux Tribe Mr. Frank Adams Chief, Upper Mattaponi Tribe Mr. Stephen Adkins Chief, Chickahominy Tribe Committee Notice: https://appropriations.house.gov/events/hearings/public-witness-hearing-american-indian-alaska-native-day-1-morning-session

Indigenous made Reggae, Country, Pop Prog Rock, Funk, Hip Hop, Dance, R'n'B, Indie, Synth Rock, Folk, Punk, Res Metal and Dance from the Huron-Wendat Atikamekw, Métis, Apache, Mohawk, Cree, Jémez, Mi'kmaq, Peguis, Nisenan & Washoe, O'odham, Chickahominy, Ojibwe, Paiute, Dene and Haisla Nations. Brought to you by Tunes From Turtle Island and Pantheon Podcasts. If you like the music you hear, go out and buy/stream some of it. :) All these artists need your support. Tracks on this week's show are: Red Rockerz - Bad Guy Lindy Vision - Airplane Celeigh Cardinal - Over And Over Julian Taylor - Weighing Down The Northstars - Drive Me Crazy Bossk & Crown Lands - The Reverie II x Crown Lands The Prairie States - I know A Guy Adrian Wall - Blessing For All Devon Paul & Emma Stevens - We Are The Love Snotty Nose Rez Kids - BBE Susan Odella & Keith Secola & Vanja Grastic - Restless Spirita Ethereal Tomb - LandBack Stomp William Prince - Take A Look Around Gilles C. Sioui - Wendat Land Ruby Waters - Rabbit Hole The Triculturals - Thank You, Wela'lin, Merci Mitchell Makoons - Changing Man Darksiderz & Audiotronica - Breaking Free LIZZART - Thats All I Got Casper & The Mighty 602 Band - Style & Fashion Dead Pioneers - Dreamcatcher KNG JMZ - Better Dayz Janet Panic - Mary Jane Coflo & Tomahawk Bang & The BAANGBROTHERS & CEE - Persuade You Original Mix All songs on this podcast are owned by the artist(s) and are used for educational purposes only. All songs can be found for purchase or streaming wherever you get your great music. Please pick up these amazing tracks and support these artists. More info on the show here.

On this once in a lifetime episode of Fishing the DMV, I have on the ultimate panel from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources to discuss the condition of Virginia's Tidal Bass Fisheries. Biologists will share insights on population trends of Largemouth Bass across Virginia's Tidal rivers, such as the James, Chickahominy, Pamunkey, Mattaponi, and Rappahannock rivers.Please support Fishing the DMV on Patreon down below:      https://patreon.com/FishingtheDMVPodcastIf you are interested in being on the show or a sponsorship opportunity, please reach out to me at fishingtheDMV@gmail.com Links are below to all the information discussed along with social media platforms for the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resource YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@VirginiaDWR  Virginia Department of Wildlife Resource Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VirginiaDWR?mibextid=LQQJ4d  Virginia Department of Wildlife Resource Instagram:https://instagram.com/virginiawildlife?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= Virginia Department of Wildlife Resource Website: https://dwr.virginia.gov/fishing/ Please Checkout our Patreon SponsorsJake's bait & Tackle website:             http://www.jakesbaitandtackle.com/Catoctin Creek Custom Rods: https://www.facebook.com/CatoctinCreekCustomRodsTiger Crankbaits on Facebook!! https://www.facebook.com/tigercrankbaitsFishing the DMV Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Arensbassin/?ref=pages_you_manageFishing the DMV Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/fishingthedmv/?utm_medium=copy_link#Bassfishing #fishingtheDMV #fishingSupport the show

Saturday is the last day of in-person early voting ahead of Tuesday's general election; Governor Glenn Youngkin issued a new executive order this week following several student overdoses in Northern Virginia; The Chickahominy tribe is receiving a 25-thousand-dollar grant from the Comcast Corporation to improve internet connectivity. 

Hanover residents recently attended a public hearing to discuss county road improvements in the Chickahominy District; The 303-mile Mountain Valley Pipeline's budget and timeline have inflated again; n the 1970s, drivers got the Ok to make right turns at red lights to save fuel, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation.

The Chickahominy District representative on the Hanover County Board of Supervisors is resigning; Billionaire Jeff Yass has donated two million dollars to Governor Glenn Youngkin's political action committee; A flood of racist and antisemitic remarks disrupted a Charlottesville City Council meeting that discussed rezoning and unhoused people.

The Capital Region Land Conservancy and the Henricopolis Soil and Water Conservation District have recorded a conservation easement on 1.5 miles of frontage along the Chickahominy River and 170 acres of forests and wetlands in Henrico County. Located below the falls of the river and east of Interstate 95, this conservation easement will permanently protect 124 acres of freshwater wetlands and two streams – swampy areas that offer habitat for frogs, salamanders, turtles, water-loving birds, and numerous plant species. Officials from the organizations also consider it a needed refuge from nearby development at Virginia Center Commons shopping mall that is...Article LinkSupport the show

On this episode of Fishing the DMV we have on Jason Ford & Justin Rush who won the Shenandoah Valley Bass Association event on the Chickahominy River last year!!! If you are interested in being on the show or a sponsoring the show, please reach out to me at fishingtheDMV@gmail.com You can enter the Smith Mountain Lake guide service trip giveaway by leaving me a review on Apple Podcast just make sure you use #FishingtheDMV  Link to Jason Ford & Justin Rush sponsors: stonehousefloorsva.comJake's bait & Tackle Facebook:      https://www.facebook.com/JakesBaitAndTackle/?ref=pages_you_manage Fishing the DMV Facebook page:      https://www.facebook.com/Arensbassin/?ref=pages_you_manage Fishing the DMV Instagram page:      https://www.instagram.com/fishingthedmv/?utm_medium=copy_link Fishing the DMV YouTube Channel:      https://youtu.be/n3c-CFvmpFg  #Bassfishing #fishingtheDMV #fishing

At the Chickahominy Tribe's 70th Annual Fall Festival and Pow-Wow, the President of William & Mary announced a new tuition initiative to help students most of whom have families earning less than $60,000 a year. But for Indigenous communities that once inhabited university lands here, is it enough? Pamela D’Angelo has more.

================================================== ==SUSCRIBETEhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNpffyr-7_zP1x1lS89ByaQ?sub_confirmation=1================================================== == DEVOCIÓN MATUTINA PARA ADOLESCENTES 2022“UN SALTO EN EL TIEMPO”Narrado por: DORIANY SÁNCHEZDesde: PERÚUna cortesía de DR'Ministries y Canaan Seventh-Day Adventist Church  05 DE ABRILPOCAHONTAS«Por eso también puede salvar por completo a los que por medio de él se acercan a Dios, ya que vive siempre para interceder por ellos» (Hebreos 7:25, NVI).Pocahontas es una de las nativas americanas más famosas. Nacida en el Nuevo Mundo, entró en escena cuando salvó la vida a John Smith, que luego se convirtió en gobernador del asentamiento de Jamestown. Eso fue hace unos cuatrocientos años, y así es como ocurrió todo.En 1607, cien colonos llegaron a Virginia para construir el primer asentamiento inglés permanente. Por desgracia, las cosas no salieron demasiado bien para la nueva colonia. El hambre, las enfermedades y los ataques de los nativos asolaron a los colonos y su número empezó a disminuir. En uno de sus viajes de exploración por el río Chickahominy, John Smith y otros dos colonos fueron capturados por guerreros Powhatan. Los dos amigos de John fueron asesinados, pero él se salvó y finalmente fue llamado porque una joven nativa Pocahontas rogó a su padre, Powhatan, que no lo matara. La amabilidad que salvaría la vida de John y cambiaría la suya para siempre.Pocahontas acudió a menudo al asentamiento de Jamestown, se hizo amiga de los colonos y aprendió las costumbres inglesas. Finalmente, conocí a John Rolfe y se hizo con él, que era un tabaquero exitoso. Eso ocurrió el 5 de abril de 1614. El oportuno matrimonio garantizó la paz durante varios años entre los colonos de Jamestown y la tribu Powhatan. Pocahontas y Rolfe tuvieron una hija un año después, tras lo cual se embarcaron hacia Inglaterra para ir de visita. Trágicamente, ella fue víctima de la viruela y perdió la vida un día antes de que su barco zarpara de vuelta hacia el Nuevo Mundo.Pocahontas fue una joven bondadosa y características de misericordia, a pesar de que probablemente no conocía a Jesús. Es probable que sus esfuerzos por salvar a John Smith salvaran a toda la colonia, ya que él era el líder natural del asentamiento. El acto de bondad de Jesús al morir en una cruel cruz te salvó a ti, ya todo tu mundo. Sin embargo, Jesús no tuvo que convencer a su padre para salvar nuestras vidas, porque Dios tenía tanto deseo como Jesús de que viviéramos. Por eso Jesús murió en nuestro lugar y ahora intercede por nosotros en los tribunales celestiales. Nos ama tanto que no solo salvó nuestras vidas una vez, sino que nos salva día tras día por medio de su continua intercesión.

In today’s first subscriber supported public service announcement, one person wants you to know about another community litter cleanup event in Albemarle, this time on October 30 in the southern part of the county. The latest Love Albemarle event will take place between 8:30 a.m. and 11:30 a.m. at sites in Esmont, Keene, Scottsville, and North Garden. Around fifty people showed up for a similar event in Esmont this past spring, and organizers want to double that amount. Organizer Ed Brooks is seeking to get children involved, so if you’re a parent or guardian and want to spend the morning cleaning up road-side litter, register now!On this installment of the program:More campaign finance numbers in advance of Election Day A preview of a film on Stan Brock, the founder of the Remote Access Medical CorpsThe Chickahominy River has elevated levels of forever chemicals known as PFASAnd a quick look at the wonderful world of wastewater can help track the scope of the PFAS problem Virginia flags will be at half-mast for the next 30 days to mourn the passing of former Governor Linwood Holton. Holton was elected in 1969 as the first Republican governor of the 20th Century, though he would later endorse Democratic candidates for statewide office. Holton was born in Big Stone Gap in 1923 and died at his home in Kilmarnock yesterday. (Wikipedia) While in office, Holton and his wife sent their children to public schools. Governor Ralph Northam noted that in a statement yesterday. “If you want to know what American strength looks like, look at the famous photographs of Governor Holton—smiling, as he walked his children to Richmond’s public schools during the tensest moments of desegregation,” Northam said. “He faced down Virginia’s demons and enabled this Commonwealth to look ahead.”In the most recent letter, we took a look at campaign finance for local candidates in Albemarle County, Charlottesville, and Nelson County. Election day is just a few days away. Today let’s look at House of Delegates races. Albemarle County currently has four different districts within it boundaries. Let’s start with the 25th House District, which stretches from Albemarle into Augusta and Rockingham Counties. Democrat Jennifer Kitchen is challenging incumbent Republican Chris Runion. Kitchen began the October reporting period with $108,930 on hand, raised an additional $29,673, and spent $37,189. Runion began October with $77,655, raised an additional $37,837, spent $39,320 in cash, and recorded $16,314 in in-kind donated expenses. The 57th District includes all of Charlottesville and some of Albemarle. Incumbent Democrat Sally Hudson began October with $29,158 on hand, raised $24,469, spent $7,482 in cash, and recorded $2,499 in in-kind expenses. Hudson’s Republican challenger, Philip Hamilton, began the month with $2,917 in the bank. He raised $495 and spend $1,468. The 58th District consists of eastern Albemarle, all of Greene County, and parts of Fluvanna and Rockingham counties. Incumbent Republican Rob Bell began October with $354,466 in the bank and raised $89,293 in the first three weeks of the month. Bell’s campaign spent $164,137 during the period and recorded $21,435 in expenses.  Bell’s challenger is Democrat Sara Ratcliffe. Ratcliffe began October with $14,035 in the bank and raised $48,668 in the period. She spent $28,618 in cash and marked $24,928 in in-kind expenses. Southern Albemarle is within the 59th District, which also includes portions of Appomattox, Buckingham, Nelson, and Campbell counties. Republican Matt Fariss is the incumbent and he began the month with $29,671 in the bank. His campaign raised $18,285 in the period and spent $38,201 in the first three weeks. Farris had $9,755 in the bank on October 21.His Democratic challenger Ben Moses began the month with $84,215 and raised an additional $102,505. Moses spent $76,789 in cash and recorded $61,231 in in-kind expenses. Moses has raised $603,138.01 during the campaign. (report)Independent Louis Scicli began October with $207, raised no money, and spent no money. Special thanks to the Virginia Public Access Project for their work in making this information accessible. Before the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, it would be commonplace for factories to discharge pollutants into rivers and streams without any consideration of the effect of the natural world. Nearly fifty years later, there is a system of permits and regulations in place to improve water quality. The Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority is working with certain industries in the community to pre-treat industrial waste before effluent is released into the ecosystem. Patricia Defibaugh is the laboratory manager for the RWSA.“The purpose of this program is to protect the sewer system and wastewater treatment plants through limits on industrial waste discharges,” Defibaugh said. “This is a requirement of the [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency] and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.” This is part of the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and an annual report is due to the DEQ by the end of every January. The goal is to remove as many fats, oils, greases as well as metals, nutrients, and acidity as possible by working with industries who create those waste products. “The ones we’re concerned with are the significant industrial user, and that’s either a categorial user which is metal finishing, or semiconductor manufacturers,” Defibaugh said. “Or non-categorical which discharge more than 25,000 gallons per day or had a potential to adversely affect our treatment processes.”The types of businesses of concern include restaurants, breweries, wineries, dentists, and dry cleaners. None of the breweries connected to urban water exceed the 25,000 gallon threshold. Gary O’Connell, executive director of the Albemarle County Service Authority, said there is a program that seeks to remove cooking oil from the wastewater process. “There’s an active [fats, oil, and grease] program that goes on,” O’Connell said. “I know in our case it’s about 260 grease traps that we inspect.On the more industrial level, the RWSA has three companies that are in the pretreatment program. These are Virginia Diodes, Mikro, and Northrup Grumman. For more information on this topic, visit Henrico County’s Industrial Pretreatment Program. PFAS concernsFifty years after the Clean Water Act, there are concerns about other pollutants that are not easily seen. In 2020, the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation requiring the Virginia Department of Health to study the level of polyfluorinated substances in drinking water (PFAS). These are chemical byproducts of the processes used to make non-stick cooking utensils, fire-fighting foam, food packaging, and other uses They are known as “forever chemicals” because they do not break down. The health effects are being studied. (CDC fact-sheet on PFAS). The industrial pretreatment work will be used to help identify the scope of the problem. “DEQ is going to be sending out a survey to Rivanna’s significant industrial users to confirm their use and manufacture of PFAS compounds,” Defibaugh said. Yesterday, the DEQ announced that elevated levels of PFAS have been found in the Chickahominy River. They found out from a report from the Newport News Waterworks (NNWW) and now the DEQ will work with the VDH to further study the issue.  “NNWW is continuing to monitor source waters in coordination with state agencies and has assured residents that the water it provides to its customers is safe to drink and has consistently shown PFAS levels well below the lifetime health advisory from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),” reads the press release. Last week, the EPA announced a national strategy will be undertaken to confront the PFAS problem. “EPA’s Roadmap is centered on three guiding strategies: Increase investments in research, leverage authorities to take action now to restrict PFAS chemicals from being released into the environment, and accelerate the cleanup of PFAS contamination,” reads a press release from that initiative. Next up, a quick Patreon-fueled shout-out!Fall is here, and with it, more moderate temperatures. While your HVAC takes a break, now is the perfect time to prepare for the cooler months. Your local energy nonprofit, LEAP, wants you and yours to keep comfortable all year round! LEAP offers FREE home weatherization to income- and age-qualifying residents, so, if you’re age 60 or older, or have an annual household income of less than $74,950, you may qualify for a free energy assessment and home energy improvements such as insulation and air sealing. Sign up today to lower your energy bills, increase comfort, and reduce energy waste at home!The 34th Annual Virginia Film Festival is underway today and runs through Sunday, Halloween. In all there are dozens of films being screened in Downtown Charlottesville and at other various locations. Some of the films provide glimpses into topics of things that may not be working. One of those is Medicine Man: The Stan Brock Story, a documentary about one person's attempt to bring healthcare to various places across the United States of America where regular care is hard to come by. Brock is a British-born adventurer who founded Remote Area Medical, a nonprofit that holds pop-up free clinics in remote places across the world. Earlier this week I spoke with Paul Michael Angell, the director of the documentary which screens this Sunday at 1:30 p.m. at the Violet Crown.  Take a listen to the podcast version to hear the interview. Or, take a look at the video interview on YouTube. Do sign up for the podcast on Spotify, Apple Music, Audible, Amazon, or however you get your podcasts! This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at communityengagement.substack.com/subscribe

On this episode of Battles & Banter, Avery, Codie & Tony dive into a multi-episode analysis of the extremely significant Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War. In June 1864, Union General-in-Chief Ulysses S. Grant began to shift his focus toward the city of Petersburg, Virginia. Acting as the supply hub south of Richmond, Petersburg's railroad lines kept men and material flowing to the Confederate capital of Richmond and Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia still entrenched in their Cold Harbor defenses. Due to it's strategic value, Petersburg would become the setting of the major climax of the eastern theater of the war. The guys talk about the Union crossing of the Chickahominy and James Rivers, and the first initial assaults on Petersburg that resulted in the beginning of a ten-month siege of the city. The guys also discuss what constitutes as a success in relation to the Union failures to take the city while it was at it's most vulnerable. Enjoy!

Today my guest is Ryan Randall, also known as Electric Dinosaur. Randall is the writer and artist behind the Southern-without-apology comic book “Rebel Yell,” as well as “Gun on the Chickahominy,” a casual pixel-target game set during the War Between the States, which is due out May 21. This young and creative Southern son has already felt the burn of internet censorship, so let's find out why some crowd-funding platforms and YouTube have their panties in such a progressive wad over his content and see what keeps Randall keepin' on in these sometimes seemingly fruitless and never-ending battles. Let's “exercise our imaginations,” shall we?! A few links pertaining to our conversation: “Rebel Yell, A Hero for Southerners” –  A 2019 interview with Randall by our compatriot Carolina Contrarian “Brother in Arms” – My eulogy for our mutual friend and graphic artist Matthew Silber Good Reads – Reviews of issues #1-3 of “Rebel Yell” “Eric July on PC Comics” – Tom Woods Show interview “Mosby's Confederacy” and “Ultimate General: Gettysburg” – Southern video games on Steam “What is Distributism?” – An explanation by Joseph Pearce of The Imaginative Conservative DM Podcast, episode 29 - My interview with Dr. John Devanny

Good morning, RVA! It’s 36 °F, but today—and the next several days—looks amazing. Expect highs in the 70s until at least Friday and lows no lower than somewhere in the 50s. With the sun setting after 6:00 PM, there’s a real and good opportunity to knock off of work a bit early and spend some time outside. Do it!Water coolerAs of this morning, the Virginia Department of Health reports 892 new positive cases of the coronavirus in the Commonwealth and 87 new deaths as a result of the virus. VDH reports 90 new cases in and around Richmond (Chesterfield: 37, Henrico: 33, and Richmond: 20). Since this pandemic began, 1,125 people have died in the Richmond region. Whoa, a triple digit case count. Haven’t seen one of those since the end of October.Yesterday, the Richmond and Henrico Health Districts, along with the Chesterfield and Chickahominy Health Districts, announced that they’ve expanded vaccine eligibility to more folks in Phase 1b. For Richmond, Henrico, and Chickahominy that’s all of Phase 1b, for Chesterfield that’s just frontline essential workers groups one through six. So, to put it all in one place: Eligible folks in Richmond and Henrico now include people over the age of 65, frontline essential workers from all 11 groups, and people aged 16–64 with underlying conditions or disabilities that increase their risk of severe illness from COVID-19. That’s a lot of humans—almost half of all Virginians! Additionally, the Richmond and Henrico Health Districts included “food service” folks in 1b (previously part of 1c), which includes restaurant staff—both front and back of house. That’s a big deal, I think! Sabrina Moreno at the Richmond Times-Dispatch has some of the details, including the rationale for shifting restaurant workers up into 1b: “…tight workspaces among restaurant workers—where social distancing from customers without masks is almost impossible, create a high-risk environment for COVID-19. Most food service workers are uninsured or underinsured and lack paid sick leave…many areas of Richmond and Henrico are underserved by grocery stores, restaurants are often important points of access to food for lower-income communities.” At the moment, and, with any luck, for the foreseeable future, vaccine supply is plentiful, but, should it become constrained again, you can read how the Richmond and Henrico Health District will equitably prioritize vaccine doses across all of these newly eligible folks. Your next step, should you want to be vaccinated: Fill out the statewide pre-registration form so you can get in the system!Last night City Council approved ORD. 2020–261, which modifies the City’s zoning ordinance to allow for emergency, transitional, and permanent supportive housing to be built by right in more places. Roberto Roldan at VPM puts it well: “Right now, when someone wants to open a homeless shelter or transitional housing they have to go through a special permitting process. Even if they pass that hurdle, Richmond City Council can also block the development. Allowing these types of emergency and supportive housing ‘by right’ would eliminate those barriers….The goal of the legislation is to stop the game of hot potato city officials have been playing with homeless services for years.” Roldan’s whole piece is worth reading, if just to remind yourself of how much gross hot potato our local legislative body has played with some of the most vulnerable Richmonders.Everyone should take 30 minutes and read through this RVA Recovery Budget Investment Proposal (PDF) document from the folks at Richmond Together. They’ve put together a vision for how to equitably invest in specific services and programs over the next two years to rebuild and recover from the impacts the pandemic has had locally. In their words: “We are pleased to present this comprehensive investment proposal, designed to address many of the most severe consequences of the current crises and to also lay the groundwork for progress that helps Richmond begin to address long-standing racial and economic disparities.” Y’all, I do not know the last time I saw a local document like this that laid out specific strategies to address inequity, how much it would cost to implement those strategies, and then also where that money would come from. Some of the strategies I dig: A COVID recovery special fund for the Health District to manage, expanding the Mayor’s Youth Academy, increasing the City’s contribution to the Affordable Housing Trust Fund, supporting child care providers in financial jeopardy, and free municipal wifi. Some of the funding mechanisms that I find clever: a continued hiring freeze, a 3% one-time reduction in the Richmond Police Department’s budget, and “a Racial Equity Tax Increment Financing Zone along Monument Avenue so that increased property tax revenues resulting from planned reimagining of Monument Avenue area may fund Racial Equity and Community Wealth Building activities.” Importantly: “We do not rule out potential tax increases in the future, but believe the need for them can be offset in whole or in part by successful implementation of other measures.” I’ll take it. Anyway, read this document and the accompanying explainer in Style Weeklyand think about it often as we move through budget season.Scooter alert! Richmond BizSense’s Jack Jacobs says Lime scooters have hit the ground in Richmond. Unfortunately they don’t have plans yet to bring in dockless bikes, but it sounds like that’s not completely off the table. The operational area for this particular scooter fleet is constrained to south of 95, parts of Church Hill, parts of Forest Hill, and most of Manchester. Two thoughts: First, I think Bolt is the only scooter company to allow free range of the entire city; Second, surely a way exists to just have one scooter app on my phone? Do I really need a fleet of apps just to take the scooter nearest me?Jonathan Spiers, also at Richmond BizSense, has an update on the Short Pump Town Center planning charrett. Look at all the stuff they can fit into what’s now just surface parking! Incredible. If you really want to, you can watch the full hourlong presentation over on YouTube.Last week I posted a picture of a nandina plant and captioned it with “Never-wake-up berries?”, which is a weak Blue Lagoon(1980) joke. Turns out nandina are never-wake-up berries…but for birds! The folks at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden pointed me towards this post from their Dirty Dozen series which explains how nandina is not only poisonous but an invasive non-native. What the heck! Time to break out the shovel, do some digging, and open up some space in my back yard—this stuff is everywhere.This morning’s patron longreadButtigieg Says US DOT Should Support ‘Right-Sizing’ City AsphaltSubmitted by Patron Brantley. I’m not going to count my road depavings before they hatch, but it’s wild to hear Secretary Mayor Pete even mention getting rid of some asphalt.Under current DOT formulas, states receive federal dollars based on factors like their total lane miles and the total vehicle miles travelled by drivers each year — a system that all but guarantees that when communities spend those dollars, they’ll prioritize expansion over simple maintenance (much less asphalt subtraction) wherever possible, regardless of the harm done to vulnerable communities by urban heat island effects, pollution, traffic violence, and the countless other impacts of overbuilding our road network. Between 2009 to 2014 (the last year for which final data is available), states spent about $120 billion on road repair and roughly the same amount on road construction, despite the fact that it should have taken an estimated $231.4 billion every year simply to bring the car-focused streets we already had up to par — a problem that hasn’t gotten any better in the years since.If you’d like your longread to show up here, go chip in a couple bucks on the ol’ Patreon.Picture of the DayEven up here on the Northside!

The Chickahominy River in Glen Allen, swollen from recent snow and rain, flowed past frozen remnants of Wednesday night's freezing rain and sleet mixture Feb. 18.Article LinkSupport the show (http://henricocitizen.com/contribute)

With Thanksgiving approaching, we felt it very necessary to hit a rewind on this very powerful dialogue we had that opened the door to hear the perspective of an Indigenous person on what this “holiday” truly is about! Tune in as we bridge the gap amongst cultures with Hailey Holmes as she dives into her culture, religion and current social issues of Native life! • This podcast is powered by ShopConsciousKingdom.com | PLEASE. LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE AND LEAVE A REVIEW! TO BE FEATURED ON THE SHOW OR TO WRITE IN FOR ADVICE OR TOPICS YOU WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS PLEASE EMAIL FREADOMPODCAST@GMAIL.COM Follow us Online! Facebook.com/ConsciousKingdom - Instagram.com/ConsciousKingdom - Shop Online & Check out Our Blog @ ShopConsciousKingdom.com --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/freadom/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/freadom/support

At the 2019 Virginia Governor's Housing Conference, Ramona Chapman sat down with Chickahominy Tribal Chief Stephen R. Adkins. The Federally recognized tribe is one of seven in Virginia. The greater access to Federal resources can help make long term goals a reality. "I'd like to see the Chickahominy Indian Tribe develop viable economic projects," says Chief Adkins. "I'd like to be in a position to provide jobs for our tribal citizens." The story of the Chickahominy Tribe is one of both past and future, and it's a story worth telling, and hearing. Hear the full conversation wherever you get your podcasts.

With Thanksgiving approaching, we felt it very necessary to hear the perspective of an Indigenous person on what this “holiday” truly is about! Tune in as we bridge the gap amongst cultures with Hailey Holmes as she dives into her culture, religion and current social issues of Native life! • This podcast is powered by ShopConsciousKingdom.com | PLEASE. LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE AND LEAVE A REVIEW!  TO BE FEATURED ON THE SHOW OR TO WRITE IN FOR ADVICE OR TOPICS YOU WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS PLEASE EMAIL  FREADOMPODCAST@GMAIL.COM Follow us Online!    Facebook.com/ConsciousKingdom   - Instagram.com/ConsciousKingdom - Shop Online & Check out Our Blog @  ShopConsciousKingdom.com

In which I interview Dr. Ashley Spivey concerning Native Virginian history, culture, influence, as well as past, present, and future Native concerns.

Ep. 155: Maya Williams is a multigenerational, multiracial woman.  Her father is Black, White, and Chickahominy; her mother is of Black, White, and Cherokee descent. Her father has a mixed mother and had a black father (d. 2007); her mother has a White father and a Black and Cherokee mother. Given this rich, multiracial background, Maya has been writing and editing the Race Section of The Tempest, pursuing interfaith work under the Interfaith Youth Core as a Better Together Coach, and completing a double major in social work and English. She talks with Alex about what it means to hail from a family that has multiracial roots several generations back. For more on host, Alex Barnett, please check out his website: www.alexbarnettcomic.com or visit him on Facebook (www.facebook.com/alexbarnettcomic) or on Twitter at @barnettcomic To subscribe to the Multiracial Family Man, please click here: MULTIRACIAL FAMILY MAN PODCAST Intro and Outro Music is Funkorama by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons - By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Welcome to the Grant and Lee podcast in commemoration of the sesquicentennial of the American Civil War. We resume reading from John Eston Cook's book ''A Life of General Robert E Lee originally published in 1871. This podcast is from part three chapter 3 of the aforementioned book. It is 26 27th June 1861. McClellan is threatening Richmond from the Chickahominy. Generally is about to engage as commander in his first battle of the Civil War.regard

June 27, 1862. Lee prepares to face McClellan at the Chickahominy

PART IV.THE WAR ADVANCES NORTHWARD.III. Lee advances from the Rapidan General Lee, it will thus be seen, had proceeded in his military manoeuvres with the utmost caution, determined to give his adversaries no advantage, and remain in front of the capital until it was free from all danger. But for the daring assault upon General McClellan, on the Chickahominy, his critics would no doubt have charged him with weakness and indecision now but, under any circumstances, it is certain that he would have proceeded in the same manner, conducting operations in the method which his judgment approved.At length the necessity of caution had disappeared. General Burnside had gone to reinforce General Pope, and a portion of McClellan's army was believed to have followed. ''It therefore seemed,'' says General Lee, ''that active operations on the James were no longer contemplated,'' and he wisely concluded that ''the most effectual way to relieve Richmond from any danger of attack from that quarter would be to reenforce General Jackson, and advance upon General Pope.'' In commenting upon these words, an able writer of the North exclaims: ''Veracious prophecy, showing that _insight_ which is one of the highest marks of generalship!'' The movement, indeed, was the right proceeding, as the event showed and good generalship may be defined to be the power of seeing what is the proper course, and the decision of character which leads to its adoption.General Lee exhibited throughout his career this mingled good judgment and daring, and his cautious inactivity was now succeeded by one of those offensive movements which, if we may judge him, by his subsequent career, seemed to be the natural bent of his character. With the bulk of his army, he marched in the direction of General Pope the rest were speedily ordered to follow, and active operations began for driving the newly-formed Federal ''Army of Virginia'' back toward Washington.We have presented Lee's order for the attack on General McClellan, and here quote his order of march for the advance against General Pope, together with a note addressed to Stuart, commanding his cavalry, for that officer's guidance.HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA,_August_ 19, 1862.SPECIAL ORDER No. 185.I. General Longstreet's command, constituting the right wing of the army, will cross the Rapidan at Raccoon Ford, and move in the direction of Culpepper Court-House. General Jackson's command, constituting the left wing, will cross at Summerville Ford, and move in the same direction, keeping on the left of General Longstreet. General Anderson's division will cross at Summerville Ford, follow the route of General Jackson, and act in reserve. The battalion of light artillery, under Colonel S.D. Lee, will take the same route. The cavalry, under General Stuart, will cross at Morton's Ford, pursue the route by Stevensburg to Rappahannock Station, destroy the railroad bridge, cut the enemy's communications, telegraph line, and, operating toward Culpepper Court-House, will take position on General Longstreet's right.II. The commanders of each wing will designate the reserve for their commands. Medical and ammunition wagons will alone follow the troops across the Rapidan. The baggage and supply trains will be parked under their respective officers, in secure positions on the south side, so as not to embarrass the different roads.III. Cooked rations for three days will be carried in the haversacks of the men, and provision must be made for foraging the animals. Straggling from the ranks is strictly prohibited, and commanders will make arrangements to secure and punish the offenders.IV. The movements herein directed will commence to-morrow, 20th instant, at dawn of day.By command of General R.E. Lee:A.P. MASON, _A.A. G_.HEADQUARTERS CRENSHAW'S FARM, _August_ 19, 1862._General J.E.B. Stuart, commanding Cavalry_:General: I desire you to rest your men to-day, refresh your horses, prepare rations and every thing for the march to-morrow. Get what information you can of fords, roads, and position of the enemy, so that your march can be made understandingly and with vigor. I send to you Captain Mason, an experienced bridge-builder, etc., whom I think will be able to aid you in the destruction of the bridge, etc. When that is accomplished, or when in train of execution, as circumstances permit, I wish you to operate back toward Culpepper Court-House, creating such confusion and consternation as you can, without unnecessarily exposing your men, till you feel Longstreet's right. Take position there on his right, and hold yourself in reserve, and act as circumstances may require. I wish to know during the day how you proceed in your preparations. They will require the personal attention of all your officers. The last reports from the signal-stations yesterday evening were, that the enemy was breaking up his principal encampments, and moving in

PART IV.THE WAR ADVANCES NORTHWARD. I. Lee's Protest General Lee remained in front of Richmond, watching General McClellan, but intelligence soon reached him from the upper Rappahannock that another army was advancing in that quarter, and had already occupied the county of Culpepper, with the obvious intention of capturing Gordonsville, the point of junction of the Orange and Alexandria and Virginia Central Railroads, and advancing thence upon Richmond.The great defeat on the Chickahominy had only inspired the Federal authorities with new energy. Three hundred thousand new troops were called for, large bounties were held out as an inducement to enlistment, negro-slaves in regions occupied by the United States armies were directed to be enrolled as troops, and military commanders were authorized to seize upon whatever was ''necessary or convenient for their commands,'' without compensation to the owners. This indicated the policy upon which it was now intended to conduct the war, and the army occupying Culpepper proceeded to carry out the new policy in every particular.This force consisted of the troops which had served under Generals Banks, McDowell, and Fremont--a necleus--and reenforcements from the army of McClellan, together with the troops under General Burnside, were hastening to unite with the newly-formed army. It was styled the ''Army of Virginia,'' and was placed under command of Major-General John Pope, who had hitherto served in the West. General Pope had procured the command, it is said, by impressing the authorities with a high opinion of his energy and activity. In these qualities, General McClellan was supposed to be deficient and the new commander, coming from a region where the war was conducted on a different plan, it was said, would be able to infuse new life into the languid movements in Virginia. General Pope had taken special pains to allay the fears of the Federal authorities for the safety of Washington. He intended to ''lie off on the flanks'' of Lee's army, he said, and render it impossible for the rebels to advance upon the capital while he occupied that threatening position. When asked if, with an army like General McClellan's, he would find any difficulty in marching through the South to New Orleans, General Pope replied without hesitation, ''I should suppose not.''This confident view of things seems to have procured General Pope his appointment, and it will soon be seen that he proceeded to conduct military operations upon principles very different from those announced by General McClellan. War, as carried on by General Pope, was to be war _a l'outrance._ General McClellan had written: ''The war should not be at all a war upon population, but against armed forces ... all private property, taken for military use, should be paid for pillage and waste should be treated as high crimes all unnecessary trespass sternly prohibited, and offensive demeanor by the military toward citizens promptly rebuked.'' The new commander intended to act upon a very different principle, and to show that he possessed more activity and resolution than his predecessor.General Pope's assumption of the command was signalized by much pomp and animated general orders. He arrived in a train decked out with streamers, and issued an order in which he said to the troops: ''I desire you to dismiss from your minds certain phrases which I am sorry to find much in vogue among you. I hear constantly of taking strong positions and holding them, _of lines of retreat and bases of supplies_. Let us discard such ideas. The strongest position which a soldier should desire to occupy is the one from which he can most easily advance upon the enemy. Let us study the probable line of retreat of our opponents, _and leave our own to take care of itself. Let us look before, and not behind. Disaster and shame look in the rear_.'' The result, as will be seen, furnished a grotesque commentary upon that portion of General Pope's order which we have italicized. In an address to the army, he added further: ''I have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of our enemies--from an army whose business it has been to seek the adversary, and beat him when found--where policy has been attack, and not defence. I presume I have been called here to pursue the same system.''Such was the tenor of General Pope's orders on assuming command--orders which were either intended seriously as an announcement of his real intentions, or as a blind to persuade the Confederates that his force was large.Unfortunately for the region in which he now came to operate, General Pope did not confine himself to these flourishes of rhetoric. He proceeded to inaugurate a military policy in vivid contrast to General McClellan's. His ''expatriation orders'' directed that all male citizens disloyal to the United States should be immediately arrested the oath of allegiance to the United States

PART IV.THE WAR ADVANCES NORTHWARD.II. Lee's Manoeuvres General Pope had promptly advanced, and his army lay in Culpepper, the right reaching toward the Blue Ridge, and the left extending nearly to the Rapidan.The campaign now became a contest of brains between Lee and the Federal authorities. Their obvious aim was to leave him in doubt whether a new advance was intended under McClellan from James River, or the real movement was to be against Richmond from the North. Under these circumstances, General Lee remained with the bulk of his army in front of Richmond but, on the 13th of July, sent Jackson with two divisions in the direction of Gordonsville. The game of wits had thus begun, and General Lee moved cautiously, looking in both directions, toward James River and the Upper Rappahannock. As yet the real design of the enemy was undeveloped. The movement of General Pope might or might not be a real advance. But General McClellan remained inactive, and, on the 27th of July, A.P. Hill's division was sent up to reenforce Jackson--while, at the same time, General D.H. Hill, commanding a force on the south bank of the James River, was directed to make demonstrations against McClellan's communications by opening fire on his transports.The moment approached now when the game between the two adversaries was to be decided. On the 2d of August, Jackson assumed the offensive, by attacking the enemy at Orange Court-House and, on the 5th, General McClellan made a prompt demonstration to prevent Lee from sending him further reinforcements. A large Federal force advanced to Malvern Hill, and was drawn up there in line of battle, with every indication on the part of General McClellan of an intention to advance anew upon Richmond. Lee promptly went to meet him, and a slight engagement ensued on Curl's Neck. But, on the next morning, the Federal army had disappeared, and the whole movement was seen to have been a feint.This state of indecision continued until nearly the middle of August. An incident then occurred which clearly indicated the enemy's intentions. General Burnside was known to have reached Hampton Roads from the Southern coast with a considerable force, and the direction which his flotilla now took would show the design of the Federal authorities. If a new advance was intended from the James, the flotilla would ascend that river if General Pope's army was looked to for the real movement, General Burnside would go in that direction. The secret was discovered by the afterward celebrated Colonel John S. Mosby, then a private, and just returned, by way of Fortress Monroe, from prison in Washington. He ascertained, when he disembarked, that Burnside's flotilla was about to move toward the Rappahannock, and, aware of the importance of the information, hastened to communicate it to General Lee. He was admitted, at the headquarters of the latter near Richmond, to a private interview, and when General Lee had finished his conversation with the plain-looking individual, then almost unknown, he was in possession of the information necessary to determine his plans. The Rappahannock, and not the James, was seen to be the theatre of the coming campaign, and General Lee's whole attention was now directed to that quarter.Jackson had already struck an important blow there, cooeperating vigorously, as was habitual with him, in the general plan of action. General McClellan had endeavored by a feint to hold Lee at Richmond. By a battle now, Jackson hastened the retreat of the army under McClellan from James River. With his three divisions, Jackson crossed the Rapidan, and, on the 9th of August, attacked the advance force of General Pope at Cedar Mountain. The struggle was obstinate, and at one time Jackson's left was driven back, but the action terminated at nightfall in the retreat of the Federal forces, and the Confederate commander remained in possession of the field. He was too weak, however, to hold his position against the main body of the Federal army, which was known to be approaching he accordingly recrossed the Rapidan to the vicinity of Gordonsville, and here he was soon afterward joined by General Lee, with the great bulk of the Confederate army.Such were the events which succeeded the battles of the Chickahominy, transferring hostilities to a new theatre, and inaugurating the great campaigns of the summer and autumn of 1862 in Northern Virginia and Maryland.

PART IV.THE WAR ADVANCES NORTHWARD. I. Lee's Protest General Lee remained in front of Richmond, watching General McClellan, but intelligence soon reached him from the upper Rappahannock that another army was advancing in that quarter, and had already occupied the county of Culpepper, with the obvious intention of capturing Gordonsville, the point of junction of the Orange and Alexandria and Virginia Central Railroads, and advancing thence upon Richmond.The great defeat on the Chickahominy had only inspired the Federal authorities with new energy. Three hundred thousand new troops were called for, large bounties were held out as an inducement to enlistment, negro-slaves in regions occupied by the United States armies were directed to be enrolled as troops, and military commanders were authorized to seize upon whatever was ''necessary or convenient for their commands,'' without compensation to the owners. This indicated the policy upon which it was now intended to conduct the war, and the army occupying Culpepper proceeded to carry out the new policy in every particular.This force consisted of the troops which had served under Generals Banks, McDowell, and Fremont--a necleus--and reenforcements from the army of McClellan, together with the troops under General Burnside, were hastening to unite with the newly-formed army. It was styled the ''Army of Virginia,'' and was placed under command of Major-General John Pope, who had hitherto served in the West. General Pope had procured the command, it is said, by impressing the authorities with a high opinion of his energy and activity. In these qualities, General McClellan was supposed to be deficient and the new commander, coming from a region where the war was conducted on a different plan, it was said, would be able to infuse new life into the languid movements in Virginia. General Pope had taken special pains to allay the fears of the Federal authorities for the safety of Washington. He intended to ''lie off on the flanks'' of Lee's army, he said, and render it impossible for the rebels to advance upon the capital while he occupied that threatening position. When asked if, with an army like General McClellan's, he would find any difficulty in marching through the South to New Orleans, General Pope replied without hesitation, ''I should suppose not.''This confident view of things seems to have procured General Pope his appointment, and it will soon be seen that he proceeded to conduct military operations upon principles very different from those announced by General McClellan. War, as carried on by General Pope, was to be war _a l'outrance._ General McClellan had written: ''The war should not be at all a war upon population, but against armed forces ... all private property, taken for military use, should be paid for pillage and waste should be treated as high crimes all unnecessary trespass sternly prohibited, and offensive demeanor by the military toward citizens promptly rebuked.'' The new commander intended to act upon a very different principle, and to show that he possessed more activity and resolution than his predecessor.General Pope's assumption of the command was signalized by much pomp and animated general orders. He arrived in a train decked out with streamers, and issued an order in which he said to the troops: ''I desire you to dismiss from your minds certain phrases which I am sorry to find much in vogue among you. I hear constantly of taking strong positions and holding them, _of lines of retreat and bases of supplies_. Let us discard such ideas. The strongest position which a soldier should desire to occupy is the one from which he can most easily advance upon the enemy. Let us study the probable line of retreat of our opponents, _and leave our own to take care of itself. Let us look before, and not behind. Disaster and shame look in the rear_.'' The result, as will be seen, furnished a grotesque commentary upon that portion of General Pope's order which we have italicized. In an address to the army, he added further: ''I have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of our enemies--from an army whose business it has been to seek the adversary, and beat him when found--where policy has been attack, and not defence. I presume I have been called here to pursue the same system.''Such was the tenor of General Pope's orders on assuming command--orders which were either intended seriously as an announcement of his real intentions, or as a blind to persuade the Confederates that his force was large.Unfortunately for the region in which he now came to operate, General Pope did not confine himself to these flourishes of rhetoric. He proceeded to inaugurate a military policy in vivid contrast to General McClellan's. His ''expatriation orders'' directed that all male citizens disloyal to the United States should be immediately arrested the oath of allegiance to the United States

PART III.ON THE CHICKAHOMINY.VI. Lee and McClellan--their Identity of Opinion General Lee had thus, at the outset of his career, as commander of the Confederate army, saved the capital by a blow at the enemy as sudden as it was resistless. The class of persons who are never satisfied, and delight in fault-finding under all circumstances, declared that a great general would have crushed the enemy on their retreat these certainly were in a minority the people at large greeted Lee as the author of a great deliverance worked out for them, and, on his return to Richmond, he was received with every mark of gratitude and honor. He accepted this public ovation with the moderation and dignity which characterized his demeanor afterward, under all circumstances, either of victory or defeat. It was almost impossible to discover in his bearing at this time, as on other great occasions, any evidences whatever of elation. Success, like disaster, seemed to find him calm, collected, and as nearly unimpressible as is possible for a human being.The character of the man led him to look upon success or failure with this supreme composure, which nothing seemed able to shake but in July, 1862, he probably understood that the Confederate States were still as far as ever from having achieved the objects of the war. General McClellan had been defeated in battle, but the great resources of the United States Government would enable it promptly to put other and larger armies in the field. Even the defeated army was still numerous and dangerous, for it consisted, according to McClellan's report, of nearly or quite ninety thousand men and the wise brain of its commander had devised a plan of future operations which promised far greater results than the advance on Richmond from the Chickahominy.We shall touch, in passing, on this interesting subject, but shall first ask the reader's attention to a communication addressed, by General McClellan, at this time to President Lincoln. It is one of those papers which belong to history, and should be placed upon record. It not only throws the clearest light on the character and views of General Lee's great adversary, but expresses with admirable lucidity the sentiments of a large portion of the Federal people at the time. The President had invited a statement of General McClellan's views on the conduct of the war, and on July 7th, in the very midst of the scenes of disaster at Harrison's Landing, McClellan wrote these statesmanlike words:''This rebellion has assumed the character of a war as such it should be regarded, and it should be conducted upon the highest principles know to Christian civilization. It should not be a war looking to the subjugation of the people of any State in any event. It should not be at all a war upon population, but against armed forces and political organization. Neither confiscation of property, political executions, territorial organizations of States, nor forcible abolition of slavery, should be contemplated for a moment. In prosecuting the war all private property and unarmed persons should be strictly protected, subject only to the necessity of military operations. All private property taken for military use should be paid or receipted for pillage and waste should be treated as high crimes all unnecessary trespass sternly prohibited, and offensive demeanor by the military toward citizens promptly rebuked. Military arrests should not be tolerated, except in places where active hostilities exist, and oaths not required by enactments constitutionally made should be neither demanded nor received. Military government should be confined to the preservation of public order and the protection of political right. Military power should not be allowed to interfere with the relations of servitude, either by supporting or impairing the authority of the master, except for repressing disorder, as in other cases. Slaves contraband under the Act of Congress, seeking military protection, should receive it. The right of the Government to appropriate permanently to its own service claims to slave-labor should be asserted, and the right of the owner to compensation therefor should be recognized.''This principle might be extended upon grounds of military necessity and security to all the slaves of a particular State, thus working manumission in such State and in Missouri, perhaps in Western Virginia also, and possibly even in Maryland, the expediency of such a measure is only a question of time.''A system of policy thus constitutional, and pervaded by the influences of Christianity and freedom, would receive the support of almost all truly loyal men, would deeply impress the rebel masses and all foreign nations, and it might be humbly hoped that it would commend itself to the favor of the Almighty.''Unless the principles governing the future conduct of our struggle shall be made known and approved, the effort to obtain requisite forces will be almost hope

A LIFE OF GEN. ROBERT E. LEE.BY JOHN ESTEN COOKE. ''Duty is the sublimest word in our language.'' ''Human virtue should be equal to human calamity.'' LEE. 1876 PART III.ON THE CHICKAHOMINY.V. Richmond in Danger--Lee's Views We have presented a sufficiently full narrative of the great battles of the Chickahominy to enable the reader to form his own opinion of the events, and the capacity of the two leaders who directed them. Full justice has been sought to be done to the eminent military abilities of General McClellan, and the writer is not conscious that he has done more than justice to General Lee.Lee has not escaped criticism, and was blamed by many persons for not putting an end to the Federal army on the retreat through White-Oak Swamp. To this criticism, it may be said in reply, that putting an end to nearly or quite one hundred thousand men is a difficult undertaking and that in one instance, at least, the failure of one of his subordinates in arriving promptly, reversed his plans at the most critical moment of the struggle. General Lee himself, however, states the main cause of failure: ''Under ordinary circumstances,'' he says, ''the Federal army should have been destroyed. Its escape is due to the causes already stated. Prominent among them is the want of timely and correct information. This fact, attributed chiefly to the character of the country, enabled General McClellan skilfully to conceal his retreat, and to add much to the obstruction with which Nature had beset the way of our pursuing columns. But regret that more was not accomplished, gives way to gratitude to the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe for the results achieved.''The reader will form his own opinion whether Lee was or was not to blame for this want of accurate information, which would seem, however, to be justly attributable to the War Department at Richmond, rather than to an officer who had been assigned to command only three or four weeks before. Other criticisms of Lee referred to his main plan of operations, and the danger to which he exposed Richmond by leaving only twenty-five thousand men in front of it, when he began his movement against General McClellan's right wing, beyond the Chickahominy. General Magruder, who commanded this force of twenty-five thousand men left to guard the capital, expressed afterward, in his official report, his views of the danger to which the city had been exposed. He wrote:''From the time at which the enemy withdrew his forces to this side of the Chickahominy, and destroyed the bridges, to the moment of his evacuation, that is, from Friday night until Saturday morning, I considered the situation of our army as extremely critical and perilous. The larger portion of it was on the opposite side of the Chickahominy. The bridges had been all destroyed but one was rebuilt--the New Bridge--which was commanded fully by the enemy's guns from Goulding's and there were but twenty-five thousand men between his army of one hundred thousand and Richmond.... Had McClellan massed his whole force in column, and advanced it against any point of our line of battle, as was done at Austerlitz under similar circumstances by the greatest captain of any age, though the head of his column would have suffered greatly, its momentum would have insured him success, and the occupation of our works about Richmond, and consequently the city, might have been his reward. His failure to do so is the best evidence that our wise commander fully understood the character of his opponent.''To this portion of General Magruder's report General Lee appended the following ''Remarks'' in forwarding it:''General Magruder is under a misapprehension as to the separation of troops operating on the north side of the Chickahominy from those under himself and General Huger on the south side. He refers to this subject on pages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, of his report.''The troops on the two sides of the river were only separated until we succeeded in occupying the position near what is known as New Bridge, which occurred before twelve o'clock M. on Friday, June 27th, and before the attack on the enemy at Gaines's Mill.''From the time we reached the position referred to, I regarded communication between the two wings of our army as reestablished.''The bridge referred to, and another about three-quarters of a mile above, were ordered to be repaired before noon on Friday, and the New Bridge was sufficiently rebuilt to be passed by artillery on Friday night, and the one above it was used for the passage of wagons, ambulances, and troops, early on Saturday morning.''Besides this, all other bridges above New Bridge, and all the fords above that point, were open to us.''To this General Magruder subsequently responded as follows:''New Bridge was finished on Friday evening, the 27th, instead of Saturday, 28th of June.''I wrote from memory in reference to the time of its being

PART III.ON THE CHICKAHOMINY.IV. The Retreat The battle of Cold Harbor--or, as General Lee styles it in his report, the ''battle of the Chickahominy''--was the decisive struggle between the great adversaries, and determined the fate of General McClellan's campaign against Richmond.This view is not held by writers on the Northern side, who represent the battle in question as only the first of a series of engagements, all of pretty nearly equal importance, and mere incidents attending General McClellan's change of base to the shores of the James River. Such a theory seems unfounded. If the battle at Cold Harbor had resulted in a Federal victory, General McClellan would have advanced straight on Richmond, and the capture of the city would inevitably have followed. But at Cold Harbor he sustained a decisive defeat. His whole campaign was reversed, and came to naught, from the events occurring between noon and nightfall on the 27th of June. The result of that obstinate encounter was not a Federal success, leading to the fall of Richmond, but a Federal defeat, which led to the retreat to the James River, and the failure of the whole campaign against the Confederate capital.

PART III.ON THE CHICKAHOMINY.III. The Battle of the Chickahominy On the morning of the 26th of June, 1862, all was ready for the great encounter of arms between the Confederates and the Federal forces on the Chickahominy. General Jackson had been delayed on his march from the mountains, and had not yet arrived but it was known that he was near, and would soon make his appearance and, in the afternoon, General Lee accordingly directed that the movement should commence. At the word, General A.P. Hill moved from his camps to Meadow Bridge, north of Richmond crossed the Chickahominy there, and moved rapidly on Mechanicsville, where a small Federal force, behind intrenchments, guarded the head of the bridge. This force was not a serious obstacle, and Hill soon disposed of it. He attacked the Federal works, stormed them after a brief struggle, and drove the force which had occupied them back toward Beaver Dam Creek, below. The Mechanicsville bridge was thus cleared and, in compliance with his orders from Lee, General Longstreet hastened to throw his division across. Hill had meanwhile pressed forward on the track of the retreating enemy, and, a mile or two below, found himself in front of a much more serious obstruction than that encountered at the bridge, namely, the formidable position held by the enemy on Beaver Dam Creek.

General Lee had been hitherto regarded as a soldier of too great caution, but his plan for the assault on General McClellan indicated the possession of a nerve approaching audacity.Fully comprehending his enemy's strength and position, and aware that a large portion of the Federal army had crossed the Chickahominy, and was directly in his front, he had resolved to pass to the north bank of the stream with the bulk of his force, leaving only about twenty-five thousand men to protect the city, and deliver battle where defeat would prove ruinous. This plan indicated nothing less than audacity, as we have already said but, like the audacity of the flank movement at Chancellorsville afterward, and the daring march, in disregard of General Hooker, to Pennsylvania in 1864, it was founded on profound military insight, and indicated the qualities of a great soldier.

The Chickahominy, whose banks were now to be the scene of a bitter and determined conflict between the great adversaries, is a sluggish and winding stream, which, rising above Richmond, describes a curve around it, and empties its waters into the James, far below the city. Its banks are swampy, and thickly clothed with forest or underwood. From the nature of these banks, which scarcely rise in many places above the level of the water, the least freshet produces an overflow, and the stream, generally narrow and insignificant, becomes a sort of lake, covering the low grounds to the bases of the wooded bluffs extending upon each side. Numerous bridges cross the stream, from Bottom's Bridge, below the York River Railroad, to Meadow Bridge, north of the city. Of these, the Mechanicsville Bridge, about four miles from the city, and the New Bridge, about nine miles, were points of the greatest importance.

By the latter part of that month, General McClellan, in command of an army of more than one hundred thousand men, landed on the Peninsula between the James and York Rivers, and after stubbornly-contested engagements with the forces of General Johnston, advanced up the Peninsula--the Confederates slowly retiring. In the latter part of May, a portion of the Federal forces had crossed the Chickahominy, and confronted General Johnston defending Richmond.Such was the serious condition of affairs in the spring of 1862. The Federal sword had nearly pierced the heart of Virginia, and, as the course of events was about to place Lee in charge of her destinies, a brief notice is indispensable of the designs of the adversaries against whom he was to contend on the great arena of the State.