Podcasts about imprecise

Not sure what matters most when designing math improvement plans? Take this assessment and get a free customized report: https://makemathmoments.com/grow/ Math coordinators and leaders – Ready to design your math improvement plan with guidance, support and using structure? Learn how to follow our 4 stage process. https://growyourmathprogram.com Looking to supplement your curriculum with problem based lessons and units? Make Math Moments Problem Based Lessons & UnitsThis episode explores the concept of “expired math rules or math tricks”—rules, tricks, and shortcuts commonly taught in early mathematics that become problematic as students advance in their learning. Based on the article 13 Rules That Expire by Karen S. Karp, Sarah B. Bush, and Barbara J. Dougherty, the discussion highlights how overgeneralizing strategies, using imprecise vocabulary, and relying on procedural tricks can lead to misconceptions. The conversation emphasizes the importance of fostering deep mathematical understanding rather than rote memorization of rules that don't hold true in all contexts.Key Takeaways:Many tricks (e.g., “you can't subtract a bigger number from a smaller one”) work in early math but break down with more advanced concepts like negative numbers.Teaching why math works builds deeper understanding and helps students apply knowledge flexibly, rather than relying on rules that later fail.Imprecise wording (e.g., "always move the decimal when dividing") can cause confusion when students encounter different representations of numbers.Encouraging reasoning and sense-making allows students to adapt their thinking to new problems, rather than getting stuck when a memorized rule no longer applies.By recognizing these expired rules, educators can modify instruction to prioritize reasoning and problem-solving over rote tricks.Show NotesLove the show? Text us your big takeaway! Get a Customized Math Improvement Plan For Your District.Are you district leader for mathematics? Take the 12 minute assessment and you'll get a free, customized improvement plan to shape and grow the 6 parts of any strong mathematics program.Take the assessmentAre you wondering how to create K-12 math lesson plans that leave students so engaged they don't want to stop exploring your math curriculum when the bell rings? In their podcast, Kyle Pearce and Jon Orr—founders of MakeMathMoments.com—share over 19 years of experience inspiring K-12 math students, teachers, and district leaders with effective math activities, engaging resources, and innovative math leadership strategies. Through a 6-step framework, they guide K-12 classroom teachers and district math coordinators on building a strong, balanced math program that grows student and teacher impact. Each week, gain fresh ideas, feedback, and practical strategies to feel more confident and motivate students to see the beauty in math. Start making math moments today by listening to Episode #139: "Making Math Moments From Day 1 to 180.

On the ways to write documents, especially those used to effect transfer -- including if the document is written in a different place from that actual transfer of property. Plus, the scribe's responsibility not only with regard to the writing of the words, but also to the writing of it. Also, a new mishnah! A case of two brothers: 1 wealthy, 1 poor. Their father leaves them property that was used to make a profit. Plus, the case of two parties with the same name -- for example, Yosef bar Shimon.... Also, an incident about a document attesting to a lender borrowing funds, but there's no identifying name for the creditor. Which would cause a whole host of problems if the document itself were treated as valid (which it just might be, if there were witnesses).

In this English lesson I will help you learn how to describe things in an imprecise way. Sometimes you don't know the exact quantity, measurement, or amount of something, and in English we use a few different words and phrases in those situations.In this English lesson you'll learn words and phrases like: give or take, roughly, just over, just under, close to, approximately, around, somewhere around, and more than I can count.Note: This is the audio portion of a Youtube English lesson which you can watch right here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hJVrczAvkA or by searching Youtube for, "Bob the Canadian Imprecise Numbers"Support the show

Mantas Radzvilas, William Peden, and Francesco De Pretis on whether imprecise beliefs lead to worse decisions under severe uncertainty Read the essay here: www.thebsps.org/short-reads/bayesianism-radzvilas-et-al/

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: What are your cruxes for imprecise probabilities / decision rules?, published by Anthony DiGiovanni on July 31, 2024 on LessWrong. An alternative to always having a precise distribution over outcomes is imprecise probabilities: You represent your beliefs with a set of distributions you find plausible. And if you have imprecise probabilities, expected value maximization isn't well-defined. One natural generalization of EV maximization to the imprecise case is maximality:[1] You prefer A to B iff EV_p(A) > EV_p(B) with respect to every distribution p in your set. (You're permitted to choose any option that you don't disprefer to something else.) If you don't endorse either (1) imprecise probabilities or (2) maximality given imprecise probabilities, I'm interested to hear why. 1. ^ I think originally due to Sen (1970); just linking Mogensen (2020) instead because it's non-paywalled and easier to find discussion of Maximality there. Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: What are your cruxes for imprecise probabilities / decision rules?, published by Anthony DiGiovanni on July 31, 2024 on LessWrong. An alternative to always having a precise distribution over outcomes is imprecise probabilities: You represent your beliefs with a set of distributions you find plausible. And if you have imprecise probabilities, expected value maximization isn't well-defined. One natural generalization of EV maximization to the imprecise case is maximality:[1] You prefer A to B iff EV_p(A) > EV_p(B) with respect to every distribution p in your set. (You're permitted to choose any option that you don't disprefer to something else.) If you don't endorse either (1) imprecise probabilities or (2) maximality given imprecise probabilities, I'm interested to hear why. 1. ^ I think originally due to Sen (1970); just linking Mogensen (2020) instead because it's non-paywalled and easier to find discussion of Maximality there. Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org

This is a recap of the top 10 posts on Hacker News on May 30th, 2024.This podcast was generated by wondercraft.ai(00:32): Engineering for Slow InternetOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40531100&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(02:33): Japan's push to make all research open accessOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40530670&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(04:25): Things you wish you didn't need to know about S3Original post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40531301&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(06:00): Snowflake breach: Hacker confirms access through infostealer infectionOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40534868&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(08:04): “Imprecise” language models are smaller, speedier, and nearly as accurateOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40529355&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(09:47): IRS Direct File to open to all 50 states and D.C. for 2025 tax seasonOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40536400&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(11:25): Standard Ebooks' 1,000th title: UlyssesOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40535895&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(12:55): What We're Working on in FirefoxOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40527730&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(14:38): Intel's anti-upgrade tricks defeated with Kapton tapeOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40533761&utm_source=wondercraft_ai(16:12): 25 Years of KritaOriginal post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40533622&utm_source=wondercraft_aiThis is a third-party project, independent from HN and YC. Text and audio generated using AI, by wondercraft.ai. Create your own studio quality podcast with text as the only input in seconds at app.wondercraft.ai. Issues or feedback? We'd love to hear from you: team@wondercraft.ai

Federal Reserve Chair Powell is not an economist. Not everyone can be an economist, but central bank heads probably should be economists. Yesterday, Powell stated reaching 2% inflation was taking longer than expected. The US PCE deflator is 2.5% y/y, the core PCE deflator is 2.8% y/y, and harmonized inflation is 2.4% y/y. Imprecise data means most economists regard a 2% inflation target as meaning a 1%-to-3% range. The fictional owners' equivalent rent may be taking longer than expected to reach 2%, but that is not the same thing as inflation.

Biden Impeachment Inquiry FORMALLY OPENED, James Comer To Joe: SHOW US THE EMAILS (00:00) Sen Rand Paul on Rising: Dems' Hatred of Trump BLINDS Them to FISA Abuses, Free Speech Violations ()9:59) Michael Shellenberger: DHS Denies Censorship SCHEME By Hiding PROXY ACTORS In Big Tech (26:40) BREAKING: Rudy Giuliani REFUSES TO TESTIFY In Defamation Trial, Says Damages Would RUIN HIM (39:44) GLENN GREENWALD ON RISING: TikTok CENSORED My Show PERMANENTLY With NO EXPLANATION (49:23) NEW: Trump Jan 6 Criminal Case PAUSED After SCOTUS Appeal CURVEBALL (01:04:55) SHOCK REPORT: 40-45% Gaza Strikes Are 'DUMB BOMBS', IMPRECISE, Per U.S. Intelligence (01:10:21) Vivek Ramaswamy WARS With CNN about FEDS Involvement In January 6: Rising (01:21:21) Boston Mayor Hosts NO WHITES Holiday Party for 'ELECTEDS OF COLOR' ONLY: Rising Reacts (01:35:18) SCARY: Nick Fuentes Calls For DEATH PENALTY To Jews, Enemies of Donald Trump (01:44:02) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode, we continue examining how improving relationships with hospital staff, particularly clinical staff, can bring improvement in documentation, which can then improve patient care and reimbursement.   Moderator: Tomas Villanueva, DO, MBA, FACPE, SFHM Senior Principal, Clinical Operations and Quality Vizient   Guest: Amber Sterling, RN, BSN, CCDS Senior Consultant, Clinical Documentation Improvement Vizient   Show Notes: [00:42] Imprecise documentation and the need for partnership [02:04] Communication about accurate DRG documentation [02:36] Managing the utilization review process [03:54] Outpatient documentation [05:57] Breaking through silos with technology beyond in-boxes   Links | Resources: To contact Modern Practice: modernpracticepodcast@vizientinc.com Amber's email: amber.sterling@vizientinc.com Vizient clinical documentation improvement site: Click here   Subscribe Today! Apple Podcasts Amazon Podcasts Android Google Podcasts Spotify Stitcher RSS Feed

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Guidelines for productive discussions, published by ambigram on April 8, 2023 on LessWrong. I enjoyed reading Duncan_Sabien's post, Basics of Rationalist Discourse, as well as the response posts and comments. The guidelines probably wouldn't have made sense to my beginner-self though, so I wanted to try creating a list that is more targeted at beginners. In that sense, this is more of a complement to the other pieces than an alternate take. I am not really sure if I've captured everything important, and I don't really like the "Other notes" section because it feels randomly put together. What I'm most curious about is whether taking this approach can help address some of the criticisms of the original post. I've added some of my thinking behind this piece to the appendix. On a site like Less Wrong, we want to promote discussions and conversations that help members improve at rationality. We want participants and the audience to walk away from discussions with a clearer, more accurate understanding of the world, one which enables them to act more effectively. Here are some guidelines for more fruitful conversations: 1) Seek to be Less Wrong instead of More Right It feels good to be right, to show that we are correct and others are wrong. However, this can be counter-productive. It encourages us to find ways to prove we are right instead of figuring out whether or not our beliefs are right in the first place. This makes it much less likely for us to arrive at the truth. Let's instead focus on how we can be Less Wrong: When you hear something that doesn't make sense, get curious instead of dismissive. After all, we each experience a very small slice of reality. If someone has a seemingly nonsensical opinion, maybe it's because we're missing out a perspective. Steelman: When someone presents a criticism that you believe is flawed, see if you can improve the criticism and use it to identify a gap in your thinking. Ask yourself, if you were wrong, how would you find out? If nothing can change your mind, further discussion would be pointless. 2) First, check your understanding Communication is hard. Words mean different things to different people, and we add our own interpretations to things we hear. Make sure you are addressing what the other person is saying, and not just talking past each other. Sometimes that can mean having to do some background reading. Paraphrase to check if you've understood the points. If you think that there is something being implied, make it explicit. Check if what you are reading or hearing is as you expect, and take notice when you are confused Ask clarifying questions if there's anything that confuses you, or if there's something that seems obviously wrong. There's usually reasons why people believe the things they believe, even for beliefs that seem nonsensical to you. Or maybe they just didn't express themselves very well, or maybe you misunderstood! 3) Say what you mean and mean what you say It's usually okay to be imprecise in our daily conversations, but when we hold ourselves to higher standards, we get to practice thinking more clearly. Say what you mean: Sarcasm or exaggeration can work well in face-to-face conversations or where people have a shared context. It doesn't work as well online, where it's mostly text and the people come from different cultures. It can also make communication harder, e.g. if "everyone knows X" can be used an exaggeration, how do you say it if you mean the statement literally? Imprecise statements like "A little bit more" works fine if you are talking about a glass of water at dinner but not if you are measuring out medicine for a patient. Being precise is a skill that needs to be learned and practiced, and is important for clear thinking. Let's try to be more precise than we might in our daily conversation...

Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Guidelines for productive discussions, published by ambigram on April 8, 2023 on LessWrong. I enjoyed reading Duncan_Sabien's post, Basics of Rationalist Discourse, as well as the response posts and comments. The guidelines probably wouldn't have made sense to my beginner-self though, so I wanted to try creating a list that is more targeted at beginners. In that sense, this is more of a complement to the other pieces than an alternate take. I am not really sure if I've captured everything important, and I don't really like the "Other notes" section because it feels randomly put together. What I'm most curious about is whether taking this approach can help address some of the criticisms of the original post. I've added some of my thinking behind this piece to the appendix. On a site like Less Wrong, we want to promote discussions and conversations that help members improve at rationality. We want participants and the audience to walk away from discussions with a clearer, more accurate understanding of the world, one which enables them to act more effectively. Here are some guidelines for more fruitful conversations: 1) Seek to be Less Wrong instead of More Right It feels good to be right, to show that we are correct and others are wrong. However, this can be counter-productive. It encourages us to find ways to prove we are right instead of figuring out whether or not our beliefs are right in the first place. This makes it much less likely for us to arrive at the truth. Let's instead focus on how we can be Less Wrong: When you hear something that doesn't make sense, get curious instead of dismissive. After all, we each experience a very small slice of reality. If someone has a seemingly nonsensical opinion, maybe it's because we're missing out a perspective. Steelman: When someone presents a criticism that you believe is flawed, see if you can improve the criticism and use it to identify a gap in your thinking. Ask yourself, if you were wrong, how would you find out? If nothing can change your mind, further discussion would be pointless. 2) First, check your understanding Communication is hard. Words mean different things to different people, and we add our own interpretations to things we hear. Make sure you are addressing what the other person is saying, and not just talking past each other. Sometimes that can mean having to do some background reading. Paraphrase to check if you've understood the points. If you think that there is something being implied, make it explicit. Check if what you are reading or hearing is as you expect, and take notice when you are confused Ask clarifying questions if there's anything that confuses you, or if there's something that seems obviously wrong. There's usually reasons why people believe the things they believe, even for beliefs that seem nonsensical to you. Or maybe they just didn't express themselves very well, or maybe you misunderstood! 3) Say what you mean and mean what you say It's usually okay to be imprecise in our daily conversations, but when we hold ourselves to higher standards, we get to practice thinking more clearly. Say what you mean: Sarcasm or exaggeration can work well in face-to-face conversations or where people have a shared context. It doesn't work as well online, where it's mostly text and the people come from different cultures. It can also make communication harder, e.g. if "everyone knows X" can be used an exaggeration, how do you say it if you mean the statement literally? Imprecise statements like "A little bit more" works fine if you are talking about a glass of water at dinner but not if you are measuring out medicine for a patient. Being precise is a skill that needs to be learned and practiced, and is important for clear thinking. Let's try to be more precise than we might in our daily conversation...

Welcome to the ManMade Podcast This Podcast is with Shawn Helvey and Adam Thorne. Shawn is a licensed behavioral health counselor and Adam is a podcaster. They've known each other for over 25 years and talk every week about the trials and tribulations of life. Imprecise communication can have serious consequences for mental health. It can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and hurt feelings, causing stress and anxiety. Poor communication skills can also exacerbate mental health issues, such as depression and social anxiety. It is crucial to strive for clear, effective communication to avoid these negative impacts on mental health. Some resources that may be useful: https://www.manpowergroup.com/en/insights/10-communication-skills https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd7dSHU4BKs Contact us at: getmanmadepodcast@gmail.com

Some pulls you get, or one of you does at least.

Fair pay negotiations could end up being a long, drawn out process. Unions say they already have enough signatures to demand a Fair Pay Agreement for hospitality workers. It means any negotiated pay and working conditions will apply to all employers in the industry. But Employers and Manufacturers' Association Head of Advocacy Alan McDonald told Mike Hosking there are some very complex things around this. He says there are all sorts of technical arguments around wage bargaining that need to be very precise. McDonald suggests the way the legislation is written, things are very imprecise. LISTEN ABOVE  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Fair pay negotiations could end up being a long, drawn out process. Unions say they already have enough signatures to demand a Fair Pay Agreement for hospitality workers. It means any negotiated pay and working conditions will apply to all employers in the industry. But Employers and Manufacturers' Association Head of Advocacy Alan McDonald told Mike Hosking there are some very complex things around this. He says there are all sorts of technical arguments around wage bargaining that need to be very precise. McDonald suggests the way the legislation is written, things are very imprecise. LISTEN ABOVE  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Can you tell a data story without using numbers? Sometimes, yes – you can! Too often in public health we try to cram too many precise numbers into a message, making it more difficult to process and reducing its impact. In this episode, we talk about the importance of being a little less precise, and how we can still provide the data that both lay audiences and scientific or medical audiences may need.Please click the button to subscribe so you don't miss any episodes and leave a review if your favorite podcast app has that ability. Thank you!For more information, visit the Health Comm Central website at: http://www.HealthCommCentral.com© 2022 Karen Hilyard, Ph.D. Connect with me on:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/health-comm-central/Twitter: @HealthCommCtrlInstagram: @health.comm.central

#14 — Do you know how accurate and precise your measurements are? Imprecise and inaccurate measurements can have a dramatic impact on your results. Listen to get 8 top tips for making your measurements more accurate and precise. To learn more about accuracy and precision, read the full article on our site. [1] Resources: 1. https://bitesizebio.com/55470/accuracy-and-precision/

In part II of Imprecise Destinations we continue our look at democracy by discussing so called "monitory democracy" as it exists today. We'll see both its strengths and weaknesses, and lead into some ultimate questions about the universality of democracy going forward. I end the episode with a look into how we can mathematically model democracy and play around with some scenarios on the NonTrivial Playground. Support the show

In this episode I take a look at the topic of democracy. Using John Keane's book The Life and Death of Democracy I show that the usual Western narratives we've been taught about democracy fall short of reality.  I discuss the many contributions to assembly and representation that came to us from a variety of societies throughout history, and challenge the perhaps quixotic picture many of us have of this form of government. I also highlight democracy's strengths, and end with a look at the way in which democracy can be modelled mathematically. Support the show

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Elementary Infra-Bayesianism, published by Jan Hendrik Kirchner on May 8, 2022 on The AI Alignment Forum. TL;DR: I got nerd-sniped into working through some rather technical work in AI Safety. Here's my best guess of what is going on. Imprecise probabilities for handling catastrophic downside risk. Short summary: I apply the updating equation from Infra-Bayesianism to a concrete example of an Infradistribution and illustrate the process. When we "care" a lot for things that are unlikely given what we've observed before, we get updates that are extremely sensitive to outliers. I've written previously on how to act when confronted with something smarter than yourself. When in such a precarious situation, it is difficult to trust “the other”; they might dispense their wisdom in a way that steers you to their benefit. In general, we're screwed. But there are ideas for a constrained set-up that forces “the other” to explain itself and point out potential flaws in its arguments. We might thus leverage “the other”'s ingenuity against itself by slowing down its reasoning to our pace. “The other” would no longer be an oracle with prophecies that might or might not kill us but instead a teacher who lets us see things we otherwise couldn't. While that idea is nice, there is a severe flaw at its core: obfuscation. By making the argument sufficiently long and complicated, “the other” can sneak a false conclusion past our defenses. Forcing “the other” to lay out its reasoning, thus, is not a foolproof solution. But (as some have argued), it's unclear whether this will be a problem in practice. Why am I bringing this up? No reason in particular. Why Infra-Bayesianism? Engaging with the work of Vanessa Kosoy is a rite of passage in the AI Safety space. Why is that? The pessimist answer is that alignment is really, really difficult, and if you can't understand complicated math, you can't contribute. The optimist take is that math is fun, and (a certain type of) person gets nerd sniped by this kind of thing. The realist take naturally falls somewhere in between. Complicated math can be important and enjoyable. It's okay to have fun with it. But being complicated is (in itself) not a mark of quality. If you can't explain it, you don't understand it. So here goes my attempt at "Elementary Infrabayesianism", where I motivate a portion of Infrabayesianism using pretty pictures and high school mathematics. Uncertain updates Imagine it's late in the night, the lights are off, and you are trying to find your smartphone. You cannot turn on the lights, and you are having a bit of trouble seeing properly. You have a vague sense about where your smartphone should be (your prior, panel a). Then you see a red blinking light from your smartphone (sensory evidence, panel b). Since your brain is really good at this type of thing, you integrate the sensory evidence with your prior optimally (despite your disinhibited state) to obtain an improved sense of where your smartphone might be (posterior, panel c). P(S|E)=P(E|S)P(S)P(E) Now let's say you are even more uncertain about where you put your smartphone. It might be one end of the room or the other (bimodal prior, panel a). You see a blinking light further to the right (sensory evidence, panel b), so your overall belief shifts to the right (bimodal posterior, panel c). Importantly, by conserving probability mass, your belief that the phone might be on the left end of the room is reduced. The absence of evidence is evidence of absence. Fundamentally uncertain updates Let's say you are really, fundamentally unsure about where you put your phone. If someone were to put a gun to your head threaten to sign you up for sweaters for kittens unless you give them your best guess, you could not. This is the situation Vanessa Kosoy finds herself in. With Infra-B...

Thank you, friends, for clicking on this episode of the Pondering Purple podcast, a source of information, insight and inspiration for those who love MKs and those who are MKs. ··· This episode is based on an article by the same name: How Imprecise Language About Pain Harms Faith ··· Related articles: The Semantics of Grief For the Hurting – Lessons from a Wall Related novels: The Space Between Words Of Stillness and Storm ··· More of my MK-related resources can be found at the following links: 1. My most-read articles listed on my website. 2. My playlist of video "nuggets" on Youtube. 3. My novel about a missionary family, Of Stillness and Storm. ··· Four ways to make sure you don't miss an episode: 1. Click subscribe after you find Pondering Purple on the podcast platform of your choice. 2. Friend and follow me on Facebook--I'll announce new episodes as they release. (Make sure you hit "Follow first" under the "Follow" tab.) 3. Join The MK Hub, a group on Facebook solely devoted to sharing new materials as I produce them. 4. Receive email notifications by writing “subscribe to podcast” in the subject line of a message you send to shellphoenix@gmail.com. (I promise--that's all you'll receive. No newsy epistles or cat pictures!) ··· Please use the media links included with the podcast to share this resource in your missionary, MK and TCK circles. I'd love it if you also left a comment on whatever platform you use, so Pondering Purple can be less of a monologue and more of a conversation. ··· The title of the podcast is a nod to the complex, beautiful, sometimes confounding, always life-shaping and ideally life-enhancing effects of growing up in the color swirl of cultures and worlds. ··· Helpful definitions: · MK or Missionaries' Kid - the child of missionaries. · TCK or Third Culture Kid - someone who has spent a majority of his/her formative years in a culture other than his/her passport culture. This includes missionaries' kids, military kids, business kids, diplomats' kids, etc. ··· Music: Bethany J. Dueck. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/michele-phoenix/message

Excitement Vocabulary Text Hello, this is AJ, welcome to the vocabulary lesson for "Excitement." Let's start. Our first word is specificity, specificity, a little difficult to pronounce, specificity. In fact, many native speakers have trouble pronouncing this word, especially if you say it fast in a sentence, specificity, specificity, specificity. Sometimes have trouble pronouncing it, too, but I'm doing it correctly now, specificity. Specificity is the noun. Specificity means, um...specific-ness is what it really means, right? It means being specific, being detailed, being very exact. It's kind of the opposite of generality. Generality is the situation of being very general. So, for example, you say “I want a lot more money." That statement is a generality, right? It's not detailed. But if you say “I want $2,496", well that statement has specificity. It has detail. It has specific-ness, so that's specificity. Our next word is imprecise. Imprecise is an adjective. And, in fact, it's the opposite of specific and it's the opposite of precise. Precise is very similar to specific, it means you'd be very exact, very detailed. So, again, “I want $2,496.20." That's precise, that's detailed. The opposite is imprecise, meaning not detailed, not precise. Imprecise means "I'd like some more money," right? That's not detailed. It's very general, it's imprecise. So Tim Ferris is saying that the question "what do I want", it's an imprecise question. It's not a specific question, it's too general. It's too imprecise. Our next word is fated, to be fated. He says the question "what are your goals", that question is fated for confusion, it's fated to cause confusion. To be fated for means to be destined for. It means something that absolutely will happen in the future or soon. So to be fated for confusion, it means it absolutely will create confusion in the near future or in the far future. So that question, that general question, what are your goals or what are my goals or what do I want, it's fated to cause confusion. It absolutely will cause confusion. Next is the word worthwhile. So he's saying "What is the purpose of goals? Why are goals worthwhile?" Worthwhile means beneficial. So why are goals beneficial? Why are goals useful, helpful, good to do, good to have, worthwhile? So worthwhile, again, beneficial, helpful, useful, worthwhile, so worthwhile, why are goals useful? Why are goals worthwhile? Why are they worthwhile?

Children and youth are front and center in the context of global mass migration and the social discord around questions of multicultural inclusion that it often ignites. Imprecise portrayals of their inclination to either embrace diversity or to incite racism are used to exemplify both the success and failures of the multicultural project. In the context of young people’s heightened politicization, Belonging and Becoming in a Multicultural World: Refugee Youth and the Pursuit of Identity (Rutgers UP, 2019) shifts the focus to a group of Sudanese and Karen refugee youth’s own insights, explanations and practices as they attempt to create a sense of identity and belonging in Australia. These young people engage race, racism and national identity in creative and unexpected ways as they are confronted with the social and moral implications of multiculturalism. Laura Moran is a cultural anthropologist who researches issues of youth and identity, race and ethnicity, the refugee experience, and multicultural inclusion. She lives in the northeastern United States. Fulya Pinar is a PhD candidate in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her work focuses on alternative economies, refugee care, and migration in Turkey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Children and youth are front and center in the context of global mass migration and the social discord around questions of multicultural inclusion that it often ignites. Imprecise portrayals of their inclination to either embrace diversity or to incite racism are used to exemplify both the success and failures of the multicultural project. In the context of young people's heightened politicization, Belonging and Becoming in a Multicultural World: Refugee Youth and the Pursuit of Identity (Rutgers UP, 2019) shifts the focus to a group of Sudanese and Karen refugee youth's own insights, explanations and practices as they attempt to create a sense of identity and belonging in Australia. These young people engage race, racism and national identity in creative and unexpected ways as they are confronted with the social and moral implications of multiculturalism. Laura Moran is a cultural anthropologist who researches issues of youth and identity, race and ethnicity, the refugee experience, and multicultural inclusion. She lives in the northeastern United States. Fulya Pinar is a PhD candidate in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her work focuses on alternative economies, refugee care, and migration in Turkey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

Children and youth are front and center in the context of global mass migration and the social discord around questions of multicultural inclusion that it often ignites. Imprecise portrayals of their inclination to either embrace diversity or to incite racism are used to exemplify both the success and failures of the multicultural project. In the context of young people's heightened politicization, Belonging and Becoming in a Multicultural World: Refugee Youth and the Pursuit of Identity (Rutgers UP, 2019) shifts the focus to a group of Sudanese and Karen refugee youth's own insights, explanations and practices as they attempt to create a sense of identity and belonging in Australia. These young people engage race, racism and national identity in creative and unexpected ways as they are confronted with the social and moral implications of multiculturalism. Laura Moran is a cultural anthropologist who researches issues of youth and identity, race and ethnicity, the refugee experience, and multicultural inclusion. She lives in the northeastern United States. Fulya Pinar is a PhD candidate in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her work focuses on alternative economies, refugee care, and migration in Turkey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/australian-and-new-zealand-studies

Children and youth are front and center in the context of global mass migration and the social discord around questions of multicultural inclusion that it often ignites. Imprecise portrayals of their inclination to either embrace diversity or to incite racism are used to exemplify both the success and failures of the multicultural project. In the context of young people’s heightened politicization, Belonging and Becoming in a Multicultural World: Refugee Youth and the Pursuit of Identity (Rutgers UP, 2019) shifts the focus to a group of Sudanese and Karen refugee youth’s own insights, explanations and practices as they attempt to create a sense of identity and belonging in Australia. These young people engage race, racism and national identity in creative and unexpected ways as they are confronted with the social and moral implications of multiculturalism. Laura Moran is a cultural anthropologist who researches issues of youth and identity, race and ethnicity, the refugee experience, and multicultural inclusion. She lives in the northeastern United States. Fulya Pinar is a PhD candidate in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her work focuses on alternative economies, refugee care, and migration in Turkey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/world-affairs

Children and youth are front and center in the context of global mass migration and the social discord around questions of multicultural inclusion that it often ignites. Imprecise portrayals of their inclination to either embrace diversity or to incite racism are used to exemplify both the success and failures of the multicultural project. In the context of young people’s heightened politicization, Belonging and Becoming in a Multicultural World: Refugee Youth and the Pursuit of Identity (Rutgers UP, 2019) shifts the focus to a group of Sudanese and Karen refugee youth’s own insights, explanations and practices as they attempt to create a sense of identity and belonging in Australia. These young people engage race, racism and national identity in creative and unexpected ways as they are confronted with the social and moral implications of multiculturalism. Laura Moran is a cultural anthropologist who researches issues of youth and identity, race and ethnicity, the refugee experience, and multicultural inclusion. She lives in the northeastern United States. Fulya Pinar is a PhD candidate in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her work focuses on alternative economies, refugee care, and migration in Turkey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sociology

Welcome to Episode 169 of the @DynastyTradesHQ Podcast!  "Peter Howard, Imprecise Use of Language & Kentucky Accents!"   The HQ guys welcomed Peter Howard (@pahowdy) to the show! After discussing (or not discussing) some of the days free agency moves, the guys brought on Peter who started off by revealing the origin of his twitter handle, much to Shane's surprise! Peter also discussed his hatred for the imprecise use of language when it comes to terms like vacated targets & labeling players "alphas" in fantasy. They also discussed Peter's wife's career as an author and wrapped it up by explaining why Peter will not be attending any fantasy football social events anytime soon.  So, hang out and have some fun with Shane Manila @ShaneIsTheWorst, Michael Cipes @FFBlitz, and Jeremy Browand @DynastyMadman It will be a blast!   Check out our new DynastyTradesHQ STORE https://dthq.storenvy.com/   @DynastyTradesHQ Patreon is now called The HQCrew! Do you want the HQ guys to consult with you about your Dynasty team? Do you want a podcast t-shirt or hat? Would you like to get on the show with us? Do you want to listen to the new HQ After Dark podcast? Become a part of The HQCrew today!   Find us on iTunes, Google Play Music, Stitcher, and PodBean. Please make sure you rate and review! You can find us on Twitter @DynastyTradesHQ. The DynastyTradesHQ podcast (with your hosts Shane Manila @ShaneIsTheWorst, Michael Cipes @FFBlitz, and Jeremy Browand @DynastyMadman) goes beyond the obvious to bring you the right takes on trades, trade philosophies, and impact of ADP on trading. We’ll laugh, we’ll cry, and we’ll get through the crazy world of dynasty trading together every week!  

The final 10 minute Tuesday episode for the year! So much about the problem of insecurity is created and sustained simply through imprecise language. Yet, as Jordan Peterson so cleverly says, our world becomes radically different when we are precise in our speech instead.Listen in to see how this one simple idea is the only way in to the process of truly overcoming your insecurity.

Collaboration Ooops! Our hosting somehow sped up the audio on release this morning but it should be back to normal in this version! Please, enjoy the normal speed Wizard Seeking Wizard To stay sane in his crystal prison, Chemistro the Match Mage has put out the call to wizards across the multiverse. Wizards that want to meet other wizards! This episode we have a visitor to the sphere, and we help wizards looking for collaborators to find a study buddy. Will Minefestina be able to close the book on her portal problem? Will Mashboo the Formerly Shifty find someone to trust him again? Will Clatelon the Gilded Wizard of Bindings be able to find a co-parent for his many large and skeletal sons? Will Meregund the Transfigurer be able to teach someone to transform him back from being a pot of flowers? And we hear how Impervion and Flora's rivalry date to the Big Wiz state fair went. Go to @wiz4wiz on twitter after the show or click here to vote on which wizards will date! Transcript here Our wizards this week are: Minefestina Rivenwobble, written and performed by Aidan Kezierski, Mashboo the Formerly Shifty, written and performed by Bibek Gurung (@illbibek) Flora Bunnyhop, written and performed by Julia Rios (@omgjulia), Impervion the Imprecise, written and performed by Nathan Comstock (@nathanacomstock), Clatelon the Gilded Wizard of Bindings, written and performed by David Fouhy, and Meregund the Transfigurer, written and performed by Marc Campesano Our ad was for Crowley Time with Me, Tom Crowley, an audio sketch show of the absurd, that we highly reccomend. Every wizard personal ad in this show was written, performed and recorded by a member of the community. There may be some explicit language and variable audio quality.

To stay sane in his crystal prison, Chemistro the Match Mage has put out the call to wizards across the multiverse. Wizards that want to meet other wizards! This episode we help wizards looking for Rivalry while we try to make some repairs to the old crystal prison. Will Idrubov the Meek assert his will and his new filing system? Can Flora Bunnyhop overcome their natural goodness to live a life of evil? Will Impervion be able to do the actual thing he set out to do instead of something that sounds beguilingly similar? And can Vladka the Victorious conquer her memories of her ex, in addition to the kingdom over which she rules? Not to mention, how did Hyacinth and Turpin's date go? Go to @wiz4wiz on twitter after the show or click here to vote on which wizards will date! Transcript here Our wizards this week are: Idrubov the Meek, written, performed and sound designed by Brad Colbrook (@holographicva), Flora Bunnyhop, written and performed by Julia Rios (@omgjulia), Impervion the Imprecise, written and performed by Nathan Comstock (@nathanacomstock), and Vladka the Victorious, written and performed by Leslie Gideon (@TheLeslieGideon) Every wizard personal ad in this show was written, performed and recorded by a member of the community. There may be some explicit language and variable audio quality. Special thanks to Tal Minear (@starplanes) for creation of a terrible schlorping sound in our hour of need

Today we look at what may or may not be affecting the adoption of continuous glucose monitors for the general public. Tune in today on Episode 1672 of The Livin’ La Vida Low-Carb Show. “You’re not moving the earth here, it’s showing you the relative change and that’s valuable information.” – Jimmy Moore Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are increasing in popularity in the keto and carnivore community lately. Even people who don’t have diabetes are using them to do all kinds of experiments to test their carbohydrate tolerance, look at their post workout glucose, And to see in real time what impact stress is having on their blood sugar. I think just about anyone and everyone who cares about their health should be using a CGM as a way to track one of the most relevant markers in the body. ⁣ ⁣ In this episode of JIMMY RANTS on The LLVLC Show, I read from a new study published a couple of weeks ago in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition by a calorie hypothesis apologist researcher from the NIH named Kevin Hall who tested simultaneous use of the Dexcom G4 vs. Freestyle Libre CGMs to see if there was any disparity between the readings. Duh! He didn’t even have to do the study for me to tell him that this was true. ⁣ ⁣ Listen in today to get full details about the study designed to discourage people from using a CGM. When you don’t believe in the insulin hypothesis like Kevin Hall, why would you find value in using a continuous glucose device? Nice try Kevin but we’re not buying it. Check it out now! ⁣

In which I attempt to hold on to the last shreds of coherence as my whiskey-soaked, sleep-deprived brain attempt to contemplate virtual expression of multitude... Continue reading →

Every interview I do for this show offers its own rewards. Speaking with Antonia Pont, I got to hear a message of truly radical gentleness that helped me turn the corner out of a recent stretch of darkness. We also ate whiskey cake. Antonia's stunning new book, You Will Not Know In Advance What You'll … Continue reading "Ep 122. Antonia Pont: ‘Pessimism is very imprecise.'"

Every interview I do for this show offers its own rewards. Speaking with Antonia Pont, I got to hear a message of truly radical gentleness that helped me turn the corner out of a recent stretch of darkness. We also ate whiskey cake. Antonia’s stunning new book, You Will Not Know In Advance What You’ll … Continue reading "Ep 122. Antonia Pont: ‘Pessimism is very imprecise.’"

This week on The Rate Guy we challenge the accuracy of medical models and discuss whether they are as imprecise as economic models. As always find the newsletter at Pensford.com or click here https://www.pensford.com/medical-models-are-as-imprecise-as-economic-models/

In this episode, I show students how to develop their writing in an effort to make it more effective.  One way to do this is to learn how to start using concrete rather than vague language. Here I give 3 quick tips to instantly improve your writing. Episode Links IELTS Coaching with Kristin Transcript Freebie Thesaurus Stock Media Provided by Lndnsounds/Pond5  

 Educational Testing, Social Justice, Money & LabelsWe cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.~ Albert Einstein Dr. Zak Stein - Dr. Stein's educational testing interests focus on the interface between social justice and education, including specializations in developmental psychology and ethics. He studied philosophy and religion at Hampshire College, and then educational neuroscience, human development, and his doctorate in philosophy of education at Harvard University. While a student at Harvard, he co-founded what would become http://lectica.org (Lectica, Inc.), a non-profit dedicated to the research-based, justice-oriented reform of large-scale standardized educational testing in K-12, higher education, and business. He writes on a broad range of topics including the philosophy of learning, educational technology, and the fundamental theory of education translated to applications for everyday life. Neuroscientifically validated details also matter for educational testing. Current testing requirements, including IQ, don't adequately cover mind complexity. Listen and comment. Consider: should the term for current standards of educational testing results and their subsequent applications with students more accurately be characterized by the term social injustice? Educational Testing EvolvesTesting doesn't adequately cover mind complexity. Imprecise results create myriads of challenges for everyone concerned - from students to teachers to school administrators and parents. Currently, Dr. Stein serves as Chair of the Education Program at http://meridianuniversity.edu (Meridian University), and as Academic Director of the activist think-tank at the http://centerforintegralwisdom.org (Center for Integral Wisdom). Ed Note: Daniel Schmachtenberger [http://corebrainjournal.com/084 (http://corebrainjournal.com/084)], our respected mutual colleague at http://neurohacker.com/ref/31/ (Neurohacker), is friends with and referred Zak. Bottom line: our system of education-labels in the context of new measurements, new data and evolved mind considerations is woefully inadequate and potentially damaging to the lives of those mislabeled. This discussion is critical, indeed absolutely essential, dare I say mandatory, for anyone involved with any educational process. Feel free to weigh in below with a comment. Connect With Dr. Stein To Encourage Systemic Evolution"I am available for speaking engagements on a variety of topics, including Mind, Brain, and Education, Developmental Psychology, Human Development, Philosophy of Education, Social Justice, Educational Psychopharmacology, Educational Testing, and Integral Meta-Theory. I've been an invited speaker and workshop leader at venues such as Harvard University, The National Security Agency, Integral Institute, Buckingham Browne & Nichols, Amherst College, and a variety of academic conferences. At times I also offer consulting services to schools and other educational institutions around assessment, philosophical alignment of mission, vision, and practice, and developmental psychology. It has been an honor to have served in various consultancy roles with organizations such as the Department of Mind, Brain, and Education at the Harvard University Graduate of Education, Brandies University, Phillips Exeter Academy, the Long Trail School (VT), and Glastonbury Public Schools (CT). I occasionally provide academic coaching to graduate students and professional writers, helping them frame problems, build a course of study, conceive a research project, or simply manage their energy and stress during the completion of complex academic tasks. I'm not a life coach or ghostwriter; but if you come to me with a passion, I will help." ---------- Dr. Zak Stein: Rethinking...

On this, the historic second episode of Dialin' It Back, Karl(17)& Sam(16) talk arcades, skating, Some Rap Songs - Earl Sweatshirt, charity, Oxnard - Anderson .Paak, Aquaman, BOHEMIAN RHAPSODY, some amazing music suggestions, over-sensitivity and other stuff I'm definitely forgetting to put in this dang description; as well as getting sidetracked with fun memories and experiences from their week and so on... yadhayadhayadha Twitter: @karlreecenaidoo @That_Sad_Dad Email: dialinitback@gmail.com Hit us up on Twitter (metaphorically) or send us an Email about topics (Music,Film,TV,Life...)you think would make a great episode. Thanks For Listening

Listen to the Encyclopedic Brain of an obsessive collector of knowledge , parse it in unusual ways among live periscope friends. Autism Esoterism Revealed Truth Objective vs Subjective Belief Depression

If Ray Dalio, one of the world's most successful hedge fund managers, told you about his most undervalued skill, would you pay attention? We're going against all you learned in school today and tell you why the exact answer is not the right answer for your business. Learn how imprecision can move your business forward faster!  Show notes: https://activegrowth.com/30

WARNING: Have you SPOKEN to an 11-year old boy in 2016? If not, you may want to skip the first 20 minutes! Our guest is 11-yr old “FROG” again, who first assumes the role of shock-jock, dropping bombs on sex, suicide, porn and some curse words (trust me, his parents are taking care of it!) […]

Get ready to hear parenting advice from an 11-year old – Donovan “Frog” Pellegrino is his name! Frog was labeled early on with ADHD and behavioral issues. We are all aware there is no handbook for parenting. Even if there were, I wouldn’t follow it. We each express differently  in life, with and without diagnosed issues. […]

  Impromptu on FEAR  Presented by ZITL podcast with Olivia May (me) and my teacher, Katrina Chester. Imprecise storytelling is a metaphor – we all think we know who we are. And then we share “who we are” with those around us. But what if we are more? or Less? what if beliefs cloud “what is” […]

(Part 2) Hi, I’m Olivia May, here with my teacher, friend, and boss, Katrina Chester as we press RECORD at WORK in our studio – welcome to Imprecise storytelling. On an average day at work, so many teachings appear, showing us how limiting the stories of ourselves are! Are we more or less than our […]

Hi, I’m Olivia May, here with my teacher, friend, and boss, Katrina Chester as we press RECORD at WORK in our studio – welcome to Imprecise storytelling. On an average day at work, so many teachings appear, showing us how limiting the stories of ourselves are! Are we more or less than our stories? What […]

Second talk given by Jason Konek (Bristol) and Billy Dunaway (Oxford) at the New Insights and Directions for Religious Epistemology Workshop on Formal Epistemology and Religious Epistemology, Oxford University, 8 December 2014.

Thu, 1 Jan 2015 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25591/1/MA_Jansen.pdf Jansen, Christoph ddc:500, Ausgewählte Abschlussarbeiten, Statistik, Mathematik, Infor

Fabio G. Cozman (Sao Paulo) gives a talk at the Workshop on Imprecise Probabilities in Statistics and Philosophy (27-28 June, 2014) titled "Imprecise (Full Conditional) Probabilities, Graphs and Graphoids Independence Assumptions". Abstract: Research in artificial intelligence systems has often employed graphs to encode multivariate probability distributions. Such graph-theoretical formalisms heavily employ independence assumptions so as to simplify model construction and manipulation. Another line of research has focused on the combination of logical and probabilistic formalisms for knowledge representation, often without any explicit discussion of independence assumptions. In this talk we examine (1) graph-theoretical models, called credal networks, that represent sets of probability distributions and various independence assumptions; and (2) languages that combine logical constructs with graph-theoretical models, so as to provide tractability and exibility. The challenges in combining these various formalisms are discussed, together with insights on how to make them work together.

Jim Joyce (Michigan) gives a talk at the Workshop on Imprecise Probabilities in Statistics and Philosophy (27-28 June, 2014) titled "Imprecise Priors as Expressions of Epistemic Values". Abstract: As is well known, imprecise prior probabilities can help us model beliefs in contexts where evidence is sparse, equivocal or vague. It is less well-known that they can also provide a useful way of representing certain kinds of indecision or uncertainty about epistemic values and inductive policies. If we use the apparatus of proper scoring rules to model a believer's epistemic values, then we can see her 'choice' of a prior as, partly, an articulation of her values. In contexts where epistemic values and inductive policies are less than fully definite, or where there is unresolved conflict among values, the imprecise prior will reject this indefiniteness in theoretically interesting ways.

Aidan Lyon (MCMP/LMU) gives a talk at the MCMP Colloquium (6 November, 2013) titled "Measuring Overconfidence with Imprecise Probabilities & The Wisdom of Collective Credences". Abstract: What explains the Wisdom of Crowds effect? Page (2008) has made some initial progress on this question with what he calls the Diversity Prediction Theorem. The upshot of the theorem is that if a collective has some diversity to it, then the collective’s estimate is guaranteed to be more accurate then the typical estimate in the collective. This appears to be a simple and very general account of the Wisdom of Crowds effect. However, for the theorem to have explanatory power, it needs to be supplemented with additional assumptions. In this paper, I analyse these assumptions, and discuss their drawbacks, and how we might overcome them. A consequence of this analysis is that the Wisdom of Crowds effect behaves very differently for probability estimates than it does for regular quantity estimates.

Statistical methods usually require that the analyzed data are correct and precise observations of the variables of interest. In practice, however, often only incomplete or uncertain information about the quantities of interest is available. The question studied in the present thesis is, how a regression analysis can reasonably be performed when the variables are only imprecisely observed. At first, different approaches to analyzing imprecisely observed variables that were proposed in the Statistics literature are discussed. Then, a new likelihood-based methodology for regression analysis with imprecise data called Likelihood-based Imprecise Regression is introduced. The corresponding methodological framework is very broad and permits accounting for coarsening errors, in contrast to most alternative approaches to analyzing imprecise data. The methodology suggests considering as the result of a regression analysis the entire set of all regression functions that cannot be excluded in the light of the data, which can be interpreted as a confidence set. In the subsequent chapter, a very general regression method is derived from the likelihood-based methodology. This regression method does not impose restrictive assumptions about the form of the imprecise observations, about the underlying probability distribution, and about the shape of the relationship between the variables. Moreover, an exact algorithm is developed for the special case of simple linear regression with interval data and selected statistical properties of this regression method are studied. The proposed regression method turns out to be robust in terms of a high breakdown point and to provide very reliable insights in the sense of a set-valued result with a high coverage probability. In addition, an alternative approach proposed in the literature based on Support Vector Regression is studied in detail and generalized by embedding it into the framework of the formerly introduced likelihood-based methodology. In the end, the discussed regression methods are applied to two practical questions.

Talking like Tom Waits. The oregano solution. Teaching Pete about animu. Clowns are still a problem. Imprecise science fiction. Susumu Hirasawa is cool by us. High quality drawrings. Pete has a lot of problems. Confusion about gorn. On the subject of our liberal arts degrees. What does it sound like inside male genitalia? Direct Download     iTunes

Many candidates are obsessed with generating correct answers in estimations they must make within cases or standalone estimation cases. This is a poor strategy. By obsessing about the final answer in a McKinsey estimation case, they ignore the structure of the estimation case which is far more important and forget why an estimation case exists in the first place - to test the ability to generate an answer with imperfect information. Listeners are strongly advised, as well, to ignore speed at the beginning and focus on good case technique.

Sun, 1 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25521/1/MA_Fink_Paul.pdf Fink, Paul ddc:500, Ausgewählte Abschlussarbeiten, Statistik

Nonparametric Predictive Inference (NPI) is a general methodology to learn from data in the absence of prior knowledge and without adding unjustified assumptions. This paper develops NPI for multinomial data where the total number of possible categories for the data is known. We present the general upper and lower probabilities and several of their properties. We also comment on differences between this NPI approach and corresponding inferences based on Walley's Imprecise Dirichlet Model.

Classification trees based on imprecise probabilities provide an advancement of classical classification trees. The Gini Index is the default splitting criterion in classical classification trees, while in classification trees based on imprecise probabilities, an extension of the Shannon entropy has been introduced as the splitting criterion. However, the use of these empirical entropy measures as split selection criteria can lead to a bias in variable selection, such that variables are preferred for features other than their information content. This bias is not eliminated by the imprecise probability approach. The source of variable selection bias for the estimated Shannon entropy, as well as possible corrections, are outlined. The variable selection performance of the biased and corrected estimators are evaluated in a simulation study. Additional results from research on variable selection bias in classical classification trees are incorporated, implying further investigation of alternative split selection criteria in classification trees based on imprecise probabilities.