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Join Meredith and Tiffany, two moms who tell it like it is, as they navigate the wild world of parenting, marriage, and trying to keep it all together. In this episode, they share their hilarious attempt at couples golf, their heartwarming Toys for Tots charity success, and real talk about handling holiday stress. Whether you're wrestling with changing family traditions or just trying to make it through the season without losing your mind, these friends bring the perfect mix of humor and heart to help you feel less alone in the chaos. Find out when the Take it or Leave it Live Tour comes to a city near you!: http://podcasttakeitorleaveit.com  Get your Laundry Lady scented or fragrance-free Laundry Sheets today!: http://laundrylady.co   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the Long March. Amidst escalating conflicts, the Red Army, led by the newly empowered Mao Zedong, faced immense pressures from the Nationalist Army. Struggling through defeats and dwindling forces, they devised a bold retreat known as the Long March. Starting in October 1934, they evaded encirclement and crossed treacherous terrain, enduring heavy losses. Despite dire circumstances, their resilience allowed them to regroup, learn from past missteps, and ultimately strengthen their strategy, securing Mao's leadership and setting the stage for future successes against the KMT. During the Long March (1934-1936), the Red Army skillfully maneuvered through treacherous terrain, evading the pursuing National Revolutionary Army. Despite harsh conditions and dwindling numbers, advances and strategic ploys allowed them to cross critical rivers and unite with reinforcements. Under Mao Zedong's leadership, they faced internal struggles but ultimately preserved their unity. By journey's end, they had transformed into a formidable force, setting the stage for future victories against their adversaries and solidifying their influence in China.   #131 The Complicated Story about Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. I've said probably too many times, but theres one last major series of events I'd like to cover before we jump into the beginning of the 15 year war between China and Japan. When I say Xinjiang I imagine there are two responses from you in the audience, 1) what the hell is Xinjiang or number 2) oh what about that place in northwest China. That pretty much sums it up, the history of this province, or region if you want to call it that is almost never spoken about. It was a place as we have seen multiple times in the series, where conflicts come and go like the weather. But in the 1930's things really heated up. What I want to talk about is collectively part of the Xinjiang Wars, but more specifically I want to talk about the Kumul Rebellion. There's really no way to jump right into this one so I am going to have to explain a bit about the history of Xinjiang.  Xinjiang in a political sense is part of China and has been the cornerstone of China's strength and prestige going back to the Han dynasty over 2000 years ago. In a cultural sense however, Xinjiang is more inline with the Muslim dominated middle-east. It's closer to th Turkic and Iranian speaking peoples of Central Asia. From a geographical point of view Xinjiang is very much on the periphery. It is very isolated from western asia by the massed ranks of the Hindu Kush, the Pamirs, the Tien Shan, the Indian Subcontinent of Karakoram, Kunlun, the Himalaya ranges and of course by the Gobi desert. It neither belongs to the east or west. As a province of China its the largest and most sparsely populated. It can be divided into two main regions, the Tarim Basin and Zungharia and then into two lesser but economically significant regions, the Ili Valley and Turgan Depression. The Tien Shan mountain range extends roughly eastward from the Pamir Massif, creating a formidable barrier between Zungharia and the Tarim Basin. This natural obstacle complicates direct communication between the two regions, particularly during winter. The Ili Valley, separated from Zungharia by a northern extension of the Tien Shan, is physically isolated from the rest of the province and can only be easily accessed from the west. This western area came under Russian control in the mid-nineteenth century and now forms part of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Now it has to be acknowledged, since the formation of the PRC in 1949, Xinjiang changed in size and ethnic composition. The CCP drove a massive Han migrant wave over. Regardless, Han's make up a minority and according to some population statistics taken during the 1940s, Xinjiang was dominated by 7 Muslim nationalities, roughly 3.5 million people out of a total population of 3.7 million. 200,000 of these were Han settlers, while 75,000-100,000 were Mongols, Russians, Tunguzic peoples (those being Sibo, Solon and Manchu), a few Tibetans, Afghans and Indians. Among the various indigenous Muslim nationalities of Xinjiang, the Uighurs stand out as the most numerous and politically important. This Turkic-speaking group primarily consists of sedentary agriculturalists who reside in the oases of the Tarim Basin, Turfan, Kumul, and the fertile lowlands of the Hi Valley. In the late 1940s, the Uyghur population in Xinjiang was estimated to be approximately 2,941,000. Following the Uyghurs, the second-largest Muslim nationality in the region is the Kazakhs, with an estimated population of around 319,000 during the late Republican Period. Kirghiz come in third, with an estimated population of about 65,000 at the same time. Both the Kazakhs and Kirghiz in Xinjiang are nomadic Turkic-speaking peoples, with the Kazakhs primarily found in the highland areas of Zungharia and the Hi Valley, while the Kirghiz inhabit the upland pastures of the Tien Shan and Pamirs. There also exist a small group of Iranian-speaking 'Mountain' Tajiks living in the upland Sarikol region in the far southwest, with an estimated population of 9,000 in the mid-1940s; a primarily urban group of Uzbeks residing in larger oasis towns and cities of the Tarim Basin, numbering approximately 8,000 in the mid-1940s; and a smaller group of Tatars settled mainly in Urumqi and the townships near the Xinjiang-Soviet border, estimated at 5,000 during the same period. Lastly, it is important to mention the Hui, a group of Chinese-speaking Muslims dispersed throughout China, particularly in Zungharia and Kumul within Xinjiang, as well as in the neighboring northwestern provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia. Known as 'Tungan' in Xinjiang, the Hui population was estimated at around 92,000 in the mid-1940s and held significant political and military influence during the Republican Period. Excluding the Ismaili Tajik's of Sarikol, the Muslim population of Xinjiang, whether Turkic or Chinese speaking, are Sunni following the orthodox of Hanafi Madhhab.  As for the non Muslim population, excluding the Mongols who numbered roughly 63,000 and inhabit a narrow strip of land along the northeastern frontier between Xinjiang and the Mongolian People's Republic, Tien Shan, Ili Vally and Chuguchak, most were newcomers, migrants from the mid 18th century while the region was being conquered. Again according to the same statistics from the 1940s I mentioned, Hans represented 3-4 % of the population. Although the Han population disproportionately held power with the main administrative areas, they had no sizable territorial enclaves. The Han population can basically be divided into 5 groups; descendants of exiled criminals and political offenders; Hunanese settlers who came over after Zuo Zungtang's conquests; Tientsin merchants who were supplying Zuo's army; Shanxi caravaneers who came to trade and Gansu colonists. Lastly there were the Tunguzic Peoples and Russians. The Tunguzic speaking Sibo, Solon and Manchu settled mostly in the Ili region. The Russians also tended to live in the Ili region. These were mostly White Russian refugees from the civil war.  Xinjiang's first Republican governor was Yang Zengxin, a Yunnanese native. He had previously worked as the district magistrate in Gansu and Ningxia earning a reputation as a good manager of the local Tungan Muslim population. In 1908 he was transferred to Xinjiang and quickly found himself promoted to by the last Qing governor of Xinjiang. He held out his post after the Xinhai revolution and quelled a Urumqi rebellion soon after. Yang Zengxin's survived politically by always siding with whichever faction he thought was winning. For example in 1917, President Li Yuanghong dispatched Fan Yaonan to watch over Yang and try to replace him if possible. Yang recognized quickly whichever Warlord faction held power over the Beiyang government should be courted. Thus Yang held out for a long time and his province was comparably peaceful compared to most of warlord era China. To maintain his power, Yang enacted a divide and rule style, trying to placate the conflicts between certain groups within Xinjiang, but made sure to exclude Russian influence. Basically Yang tried his best to keep groups who could come into conflict away from each other, keeping the Uyghurs of southern Xinjiang away from the pastoral nomads of Zungharia and Tien Shan. Above all Yang considered the Bolshevik Russians to be the greatest threat to his regime, in his words “The Russians ... aimed at ... isolating the country from all outside influence, and at maintaining it in a state of medieval stagnation, thus removing any possibility of conscious and organised national resistance. As their religious and educational policy, the Russian administrators sought to preserve the archaic form of Islam and Islamic culture. . . Quranic schools of the most conservative type were favoured and protected against any modernist influence”. During his 16 year of power, Yang established himself as a competent autocrat, a mandarin of the old school and quite the capable administrator. Yet his economic policies were long term exploitative causing hardship and exhausting the province. Yang realized he was reached the threshold of what the population was willing to endure and endeavored to allow corruption to emerge within his administration provided it remained within acceptable limits. IE: did not spring forward a Muslim revolution. He opened junior positions in the administration to Muslims which had a duel effect. It made the Muslim community feel like they were part of greater things, but placed said officials in the path of the populations anger, insulating senior Han officials. Ironically it would be his fellow Han Chinese officials who would become angry with him. Some were simply ambitious of his power, others felt that Xinjiang should be more closely inline with China proper.  Rumors have it that after a dinnr party, Yang deliberately surrounded himself with opium addicts, stating to his subordinates “the inveterate opium smoker thinks more of his own comfort and convenience than of stirring up unrest among his subordinates”. Needless to say, Yang later years saw him seriously alienating senior officials. By 1926 he claimed “to have created an earthly paradise in a remote region” so he seemed to be quite full of himself. That same year he turned against his Tungan subordinates. He accused many of conspiring with Ma Qi, a Tungan warlord of Xuning in Qinghai, whom he also thought were driven by Urumqi. Deprived of his formerly loyal Tungans, Yang found himself increasingly isolated. A expedition was sent to Urumqi in 1926, whr G. N Roerich noted “The Governor's residence consisted of several well-isolated buildings and enclosed courtyards. The gates were carefully guarded by patrols of heavily armed men ... The Governor's yamen seemed to us to be in a very dilapidated condition. The glass in many of the windows on the ground floor was broken and dirty papers and rags had been pasted on the window frames. Numerous retainers roamed about the courtyards and villainous bodyguards, armed with mauser pistols, were on duty at the entrance to the yamen.” It seems likely Yang had decided to leave Xinjiang at that point. He had amassed a immense personal fortune and sent much of it to his family in China proper and also to Manila where he had a bank account. Further evidence of this was provided by Mildred Cable and Francesca French, two members of the China inland Mission who reported 'Wise old Governor Yang ... as early as 1926 ... quietly arranged a way of escape for his family and for the transference of his wealth to the security of the British Concession in Tientsin. Later in the same year, accompanied by several 'luggage cases of valuables', Yang's eldest son was sent out of Sinkiang, travelling incognito, in the company of these missionaries”. It was also at this time Yang erectd a statue of himself in th public gardens at Urumqi. According to Nicholas Roerich, this memorial was paid for with forced contributions 'from the grateful population'; by all accounts the statue was in execrable taste . While the NRA was marching upon Beijing in June of 1928, Yang ordered the KMT flag to be raised in Xinjiang. This gesture indicated to all, Yang was about to depart the province. One of Yang's most dissident subordinates, a Han named Fan Yaonan decided to act. Fan Yaonan was an ambitious modernist who received his education in Japan and someone Yang distruste from day one. Fan was appointed the post of Taoyin of Aksu by the Beijing government, an appointment Yang could have easily ingored, but was grudgingly impressd by Fans abilities. Fan proved himself very useful to Yang and was soon promoted to the Taoyin of Urumqi alongside becoming the Xinjiang Provincial Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. It seems Fan and Yang mutually disliked each other. At some point in 1926 Fan got together with a small group of like minded officials, such as the engineer at Urumqi's telegraph station and the Dean of the local school of Law, and Fan told them he wanted to assasinate Yang. Some believe Fan sought to gain favor with the KMT as motivation. Regardless on July 7th of 1928, 6 days after Yang took the post of Chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial Government under the KMT, Fan attacked. On that day, Yang was invited to a banquet to celebrate a graduation ceremony at the Urumqi law school. Fan had arranged the banquet, with 18 soldiers present, disguised as waiters wearing “red bands around their arms and Browning pistols in their sleeves”. During the meal, Fan proposed a toast to the health of Yang at which time “shots rang outsimultaneously, all aimed at the Governor. Seven bulletsin all were fired, and all reached their mark. Yang, mortally wounded, but superb in death, glared an angry defiance at his foes, 'who dares do this?' he questioned in the loud voice which had commanded instant obedience for so many years. Then he fell slowly forward, his last glance resting upon the face of the trusted Yen, as though to ask forgiveness that he had not listened to the advice so often given to him”. According to Yan Tingshan who was also wounded, Fan Yaonan finished Yang Zengxin off with two shots personally. After the assassination, whereupon 16 people were killed or wounded, Fan went to Yang official residence and seized the seals of office. He then sent a letter summonig Jin Shujen, the Commissioner for Civil Affairs in Xinjiang and Yang's second in command. Jin called Fan's bluff and refusing to come, instead sending soldiers to arrest the assassin. It seems Fan greatly miscalculated his personal support as a short gun battle broke out and he was arrested by Jin and shortly thereafter executed with his complices on July 8th. And thus, Jin Shujen found himself succeeding Yang, a less able man to the job. Jin Shujen was a Han Chinese from Gansu. He graduated from the Gansu provincial academy and served for a time as the Principal of a Provincial normal school. He then entered the Imperial Civil Service, where he came to the attention of Yang, then working as the district Magistrate at Hozhou. Yang took him on as district magistrate and Jin rose through the ranks. By 1927 Jin became the Provincial Commissioner for Civil Affairs at Urumqi. After executing Fan, Jin sent a telegram to Nanjing seeking the KMT's official recognition of his new role. Nanjing had no real options, it was fait accompli, they confirmed Jin into office and under the new KMT terminology he was appointed Provincial Chairman and commander-in-chief. In other words an official warlord.  Following his seizure of power, Jin immediately took steps to secure his newfound power. His first step was to double the salaries of the secret police and army. He also expanded the military and acquired new weaponry for them. Politically, Jin maintained the same old Qing policies Yang did, pretty much unchanged. Jin did however replace many of the Yunnanese followers under Yang with Han CHinese from Gansu. Jins younger brother, Jin Shuxin was appointed Provincial Commissioner for military affairs at Urumqi and his other brother Jin Shuqi was given the senior military post at Kashgar. His personal bodyguard member Zu Chaoqi was promoted to Brigade Commander at Urumqi. Jin maintained and expanded upon Yang's system of internal surveillance and censorship, like any good dictator would. According to H. French Ridley of the China Inland Mission at Urumqi “people were executed for 'merely making indiscreet remarks in the street during ordinary conversation”. Jin also introduced a system of internal passports so that any journey performing with Xinjiang required an official passport validation by the Provincial Chairman's personal seal, tightening his security grip and of course increasing his official revenue. Travel outside Xinjiang became nearly impossible, especially for Han officials and merchants seeking trade with China proper.  Under Jin Xinjiang's economy deteriorated while his fortune accumulated. Yang had introduced an unbacked paper currency that obviously fell victim to inflation and Jin upted the anty. Within a process of several stages, he expanded the currency, causing further inflation. Under Yang the land taxes had been a serious source of the provincial revenue, but Yang was not foolish enough to squeeze the Turkic peasantry too hard, he certainly was intelligent enough to thwart peasant revolts. Jin however, not so smart, he tossed caution to the win and doubled the land taxes, way past what would be considered the legal amount. Jin also emulated Ma Fuxiang, by establishing government monopolies over various profitable enterprises, notably the gold mine at Keriya and Jade mine at Khotan. He also monopolized the wool and pelt industry, using his police and army to force the sale of lambskins at a mere 10% of their market value. Just as with Yang's regime, wealth flowed out of the province in a continuous stream, straight into banks within China proper. According to George Vasel, a German engineer and Nazi agent hired to construct airfields in Gansu during the early 1930s, he knew a German pilot named Rathje who was secretly employed by Jin to fly a million dollars worth of gold bullion from Urumqi to Beijing. Jin did his best to keep all foreign influence out of Xinjiang and this extended also to KMT officials from China proper. Jin also of course did his best to conceal his corrupt regime from Nanjing. For all intensive purposes Jin treated Xinjiang like a feudal, medieval society. He tried to limit external trade to only be through long distance caravans. All was fine and dandy until Feng Yuxiang occupied Gansu and thus disrupted the traditional trade routes. Alongside this the Soviets had just constructed a new railroad linking Frunze, the capital of Kirghiz with Semipalatinsk in western siberia. This railroad known as the Turksib was aimed primarily to develop western Turkstan, integrating it within the new soviet system. The railroad was constructed 400 miles away from the Xinjiang frontier, on purpose to limit any activities with capitalists. When the railway was completed in 1930 it virtually strangled Xinjiang. China's share of Xinjiang's market dropped by 13% and the value of trade with the Soviets which had dropped to zero since the Russian civil war was not rising past 32 million roubles by 1930. The Soviet trade gradually was seizing a monopoly over Xinjiang and this of course affected the merchants and workers who were unable to compete. The revenue of the merchants and workers declined as new taxes were levied against them. Meanwhile alongside an increase in Soviet trade, the new railway also increased Soviet political influence over Xinjiang. It was also much faster and easier to travel from China proper to Xinjiang via Vladivostok, the trans-siberian railway and Turksib than across the North-West roads of China. For the Turkic speaking Muslims of Xinjiang, it was quite impressive and many wanted to do business and mingle with the Soviets. However to do so required a visa, and thus KMT officials in Nanjing held the keys. Jin's policies towards the Turkic Muslims, Tungans and Mongols were extremely poor from the very beginning. It seems Jin held prejudice against Muslims, some citing bad experiences with them in Gansu. Whatever the case may be, Jin rapidly antagonized both his Turkic speaking and Tungan Muslim citizens by introducing a tax on the butchering of all animals in Xinjiang and forbidding Muslims to perform the Hajj to Mecca. Some point out he did that second part to thwart a loophole on leaving Xinjiang for trade. Obviously the Muslim majority of Xinjiang and the military powerhouse of Torgut Mongols in the Tien Shan bitterly resented Jin. Despite wide scale hostility against him, the first challenges at his autocratic rule came not from various minority groups, but some ambitious Han officers under his command. Palpatin would say it was ironic.  In May of 1929 the Taoyin of Altai attempted a coup against Jin, but he was forewarned and able to confine the fighting to the Shara Sume area. In the spring of 1931 troubles broke out in Urumqi as discontented Han officers and soldiers attacked Jin's yamen. The attack failed, and the instigators of the plot were all executed. The same year, Jin annexed the Kumul Khanate, known to the Chinese as Hami, finally pushing the Turkic speaking Muslims into open rebellion. Going back in time, after Zuo Zengtangs reconquest of Xinjiang in the 1870s, a few local principalities were permitted to survive on a semi-autonomous basis. Of these Kumul was the most important and was ruled by a royal family dating back to the Ming Dynasty and descended from the Chaghatay Khans. The Khanate of Kumul dominated the chief road from Xinjiang to China proper and was therefore of strategic importance to the Chinese. It extended from Iwanquan northwards to the Barkul Tagh and along the mountains to Bai and south to Xingxingxia along the Xinjiang-Gansu border. During the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, Maqsud Shah was sitting on the throne of Kumul. He was known to the Chinese as the Hami Wang, to his subjects as Khan Maqsud or Sultan Maqsud and to Europeans as the King of the Gobi. He was the last independent Khan of Central Asia as the rest were tossing their lot in with the progress of the times. During Yangs regime he was content with allowing Kumul to train its semi autonomous status, mostly because Maqsud Shah was very friendly towards the Chinese. He spoke Turkic with a marked Chinese accent and wore Chinese clothes. On the other hand he had a long whit beard and always wore a turban or Uyghur cap. He was a staunch Muslim ruling a petty oasis kingdom from an ancient and ramshackle palace in Kumul proper, one of three towns making up the capital of Kumul, known to the Chinese as Huicheng. He had a bodyguard consisting of 40 Chinese soldiers armed with mausers and had a Chinese garrison billeted in fortified Chinese town. The third city in his domain was known as New City or Xincheng, populated by a mix of Chinese and Turkic peoples. By 1928, shortly after the assassination of Yang, it was estimated Maqsud Shah ruled over roughly 25,000-30,000 Kumulliks. He was responsible for levying taxes, dispensing justice and so forth. His administration rested upon 21 Begs, 4 of whom were responsible for Kumul itself, 5 others over plains villages and the other 12 over mountain regions of Barkul and Karlik Tagh. Maqsud Shah also maintained a Uyghur militia who had a reputation as being better trained than its Chinese counterpart at Old City. Throughout Yangs regime, Kumul remained relatively peaceful and prosperous. Maqsud Shah paid a small annual tribute to Urumqi and in return the Xinjiang government paid him a formal subsidy of 1200 silver taels a year. Basically this was Yang paying for the Sultans compliance when it came to moving through his strategic Khanate. For the Uyghurs of Kumul, they were free from the typical persecution under Chinese officials. The only tax paid by citizens of Kumul was in livestock, generally sheep or goats, given annually to the Khan. The soil of the oasis was rich and well cultivated. Everything was pretty fine and dandy under Yang, but now was the time of Jin. In March of 1930, Maqsud Shah died of old age. His eldest son Nasir should have inherited the throne of Kumul, but Jin and his Han subordinates stationed in Kumul Old City had other plans. Shortly after Maqsud Shah's death, Nasir traveled to Urumqi, most likely to legitimize his rise upon the throne. Nasir was not very popular amongst his people, thus it seemed he needed Jin's aid to bolster him. However there also was the story that it was Jin who ordered Nasir to come to Urumqi to perform a formal submission. Now at the time of Maqsud Shah's death, Li Xizeng, a Han Chinese divisional commander stationed in Kumul suggested to Jin that the Khanate should be abolished and annexed officially. There was of course a great rationale for this, if Jin took control over Kumul it would offer increased revenue and new positions for his Han Chinese officials. Thus Jin ordered a resolution be drawn up by his ministers to abolish the Khanate, dividing Kumul into three separate administrative districts, Hami centered around the capital, I-ho and I-wu. When Nasir arrived in Urumqi he was given the new position of Senior Advisor to the provincial government, but forbidden to return to Kumul. Basically it was the age old government via hostage taking. Meanwhile another official named Yulbars was sent back to Kumul with a group of Chinese officials to set up the new administration.  While the people of Kumul had no love for Nasir and were taxed pretty heavily by his father, this did not mean that they wanted the Khanate to end. For the Turkic Muslims the Khanate held a religious significance. For Uyghurs there was a question of national pride associated with it. Of course there were economic issues. Within Xinjiang Han were allowed to settle, but in the Khanate there were restrictions. In the words of the Nanjing Wu Aichen on the situation “subject peoples obstinately prefer self-government to good government”. Well Jin's government was definitely not good, so what outcome does that give? The newly appointed Han administration upset the people of Kumul from the very minute of its installation. When it was announced the privilege of being except from direct taxation by Urumqi was to be abolished, ompf. To add insult to injury, one years arrears of taxes were to be collected from the Uyghurs. On top of that, Kumul was tossed wide open to Han settlers who were incentivized to settle by giving them a tax exemption for two years. Yeah that be some wild policies. To add even more misery, Kumul being situated on the chief road from northwestern Gansu to Xinjiang saw an enormous flow of refugees from famine and warfare going on in Gansu. A column of these refugees were seen by Berger Bohlin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition of 1931. His account is as follows “During my stay at Hua-hai-tze I witnessed a curious spectacle. The Chen-fan region had for a number of years been visited by failure of the crops and famine, and large numbers of people therefore emigrated to more prosperous tracts. Such an emigration-wave now passed Hua-hai-tze. It consisted of a caravan of 100 camels, transporting 150 persons with all their baggage to Sinkiang, where it was said that land was being thrown open”. It seemed to Bohlin that the refugees looked carefree and happy and that the ruler of Xinjiang, Jin Shujen, a Gansu man himself was enthusiastic to have them come settle his province. Jin had his official in charge of I-ho district Lung Xulin provide land for the would-be settlers coming from Gansu. Lung Xulin responded by forcing his Uyghur population to leave their cultivated land and simply handed it over to the refugees. The expropriated Uyghurs were compensated for their land by being given untilled lands on the fringe of the desert where most soil was barren. The Uyghurs were also assessed for their land tax based on their old holdings. To make this even worse hear this, untilled land was exempt from taxation for two years, so they didn't even get that, while the Gansu refugees were excused from tax payments for three years. So yeah the Kumul people quickly organized a petition and sent it to the yamen in Urumqi. There was zero acknowledgement from the yamen it was received and nothing was done to address the long list of grievances, especially from the Uyghurs. Instead the Gansu settlers kept flooding in and with them the price of food skyrocketed, largely because of the enormous amount of provincial troops sent in to watch over everybody. Now for the moment the Turkic speaking Muslims in the region remained relatively peaceful, and this perhaps lulled Jin into a false sense of security. But according to Sven Hedin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition “Discontent increased; the people clenched their teeth and bided their time; the atmosphere was tense and gloomy. Inflammable matter accumulated, and only a spark was needed to fire the powder magazine.”  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The history of Xinjiang is unbelievably bizarre, complicated and quite frankly really fun. Before researching this I had no idea about anything and am really enjoying this as I write it. The next episode is going to be on the Kumul Rebellion, so buckle up buckaroo. 

"Le Classico" de Sébastien Ministru : "La prochaine fois, le feu" de James Baldwin. En dépit des bouleversements psychologiques et sociaux qu'il exige, cet ouvrage ne veut que proposer la solution de bon sens au problème de la place des Noirs dans la société américaine. Malgré le ton parfois menaçant, malgré la satire souvent mordante, La prochaine fois, le feu est avant tout un appel à la modération, une ultime tentative de compromis (en 1963) entre les extrémistes des deux bords aveuglés par la passion. Tant par l'actualité des phénomènes dont il présente l'analyse irréfutable que par le mélange de douleur contenue et d'ironie cinglante qui lui donne ce ton si particulier, ce témoignage ne manquera pas d'attirer l'attention du lecteur qui en retiendra les qualités littéraires autant que l'importance politique. Merci pour votre écoute Entrez sans Frapper c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 16h à 17h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez l'ensemble des épisodes et les émission en version intégrale (avec la musique donc) de Entrez sans Frapper sur notre plateforme Auvio.be : https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/8521 Abonnez-vous également à la partie "Bagarre dans la discothèque" en suivant ce lien: https://audmns.com/HSfAmLDEt si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Vous pourriez également apprécier ces autres podcasts issus de notre large catalogue: Le voyage du Stradivarius Feuermann : https://audmns.com/rxPHqEENoir Jaune Rouge - Belgian Crime Story : https://feeds.audiomeans.fr/feed/6e3f3e0e-6d9e-4da7-99d5-f8c0833912c5.xmlLes Petits Papiers : https://audmns.com/tHQpfAm Des rencontres inspirantes avec des artistes de tous horizons. Galaxie BD: https://audmns.com/nyJXESu Notre podcast hebdomadaire autour du 9ème art.Nom: Van Hamme, Profession: Scénariste : https://audmns.com/ZAoAJZF Notre série à propos du créateur de XII et Thorgal. Franquin par Franquin : https://audmns.com/NjMxxMg Ecoutez la voix du créateur de Gaston (et de tant d'autres...)

Mardi 16 juillet, le prix de l'électricité qui ne subira pas d'augmentation a été abordé par Nicolas Doze dans sa chronique Doze d'économie dans l'émission Tout pour investir présentée par Lorraine Goumot sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.

Mardi 16 juillet, le prix de l'électricité qui ne subira pas d'augmentation a été abordé par Nicolas Doze dans sa chronique Doze d'économie dans l'émission Tout pour investir présentée par Lorraine Goumot sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.

Ecoutez L'oeil de Philippe Caverivière avec Philippe Caverivière du 08 mai 2024

Aujourd'hui dans "Punchline", Laurence Ferrari et ses invités débattent de la sécurité intérieure. Violences au lycée de Cachan, fusillades devant les écoles, trafics de drogue, actes antisémites, pour Thibault de Montbrial président du Centre de réflexion sécurité intérieure, "c'est inflammable de partout".

Selador Recordings proudly presents: Dave Seaman's "Inflammable Contraband" (SEL 173) Release date: 20/10/23 Inflammable - /ɪnˈflaməbl/ adjective easily set on fire – example: "inflammable materials" Contraband - /ˈkɒntrəband/ noun goods that have been imported or exported illegally - "customs men had searched the carriages for contraband" Let this be a cautionary tale. Highly combustible goods contained within. Seladorian boss man (job share) Dave Seaman, as well as being a DJ and music producer par excellence, has always been something of a wordsmith. The one-time Mixmag editor thus specialises in some of the best track titles known to humankind… and here's further evidence should you need it. 'Inflammable Contraband' perfectly encapsulates the tuneage herein. Inflammable? You better believe it! This incendiary device is guaranteed to set decks, dancefloors and headphones ablaze from the outset. Handle with extreme care. Contraband? Abso-effing-lutely! Be warned, there's an unusually high risk of arrest if caught in possession of such a lethal musical weapon. Keep youR head down, and your powder dry. Needless to say, Dave is on something of a roll right now, with not only his solo releases but also a string of collabs with the mighty Quivver rocking floors and topping charts all year. And just as he has for the last 35 years, he continues to tour the globe spreading his own unique blend of House, Techno & All Flavours Inbetween. In his spare time you can find him peddling firecrackers at Pyromaniacs Anonymous meetings. A veritable disco inferno then. Team Selador – Twisted firestarters!

Découvrez l'émission Calvi 3D animée par Yves Calvi du lundi au jeudi de 18h45 à 20 heures sur BFMTV.

durée : 00:05:36 - Le Billet politique - par : Frédéric Says - Quelle fiscalité pour les hauts patrimoines dans le programme des candidats ?

Mitchell Laurance and his identical twin brother Matthew Laurance appear occasionally together, beginning when they were children in a margarine TV commercial which featured identical twins, and later in an episode of the TV series Cop Rock. Although Matthew was a performer on Saturday Night Live for its sixth season, Mitchell also appeared in uncredited roles on the show for a few seasons (1977–80)[1] and was an associate director and producer for the show.[4]Mitchell appeared on Not Necessarily the News during the 1980s. Other recurring roles were on the TV series, including the very short-lived series Roxie (1987; most of the episodes were unaired), L.A. Law (1987−88), Reasonable Doubts (1992–93), Matlock (1988−95), and Dawson's Creek. Guest roles have ranged from Laverne & Shirley, CHiPs, The Outer Limits, One Tree Hill, Night Court, Prison Break, MacGyver, Beauty and the Beast, Midnight Caller, Empty Nest, and Jake and the Fatman. He was in the "Apollo One" episode of the mini-series From the Earth to the Moon (1998).[1] In the early 1990s he performed the role of Ben Arnold on the soap opera Santa Barbara.He also has acted in feature films such as Stepfather II, The Runestone, The Hand That Rocks the Cradle, and Urban Mythology, and TV movies (especially in the 1990s) including The Almost Perfect Bank Robbery, Perfect Crime, To Love, Honor and Deceive, Kiss and Tell, Deadly Pursuits, Inflammable, and Death in Small Doses.[1]He has been a radio disk jockey at WFMZ, a sports radio station in Charlotte, North Carolina. He has hosted billiards tournaments and has provided sports commentary for ESPN. He has also been the host of a golf podcast, Golf Connections with Mitch Laurance

Découvrez l'émission Polonews animée par Natacha Polony & Aurélie Casse du lundi au jeudi entre 20 et 21 heures sur BFMTV.

In Daniel chapter 3, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refuse to bow down to the pressures of the culture they were living in because of their strong convictions. This power-packed message by Ps. Jurgen is a must-listen as he describes how living with convictions shapes our lives, and that stepping out in courage builds Kingdom character.

In Daniel chapter 3, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refuse to bow down to the pressures of the culture they were living in because of their strong convictions. This power-packed message by Ps. Jurgen is a must-listen as he describes how living with convictions shapes our lives, and that stepping out in courage builds Kingdom character.

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for September 13, 2021 is: inflammable • in-FLAM-uh-bul • adjective Inflammable describes things that can easily catch fire. It also means "easily excited or angered." // The gas is highly inflammable. // The messenger trembled as he stuttered out the news of the army's defeat to the highly inflammable king. See the entry > Examples: "First, butane is inflammable (or flammable—whichever way you like to say it)." — Rhett Allain, Wired, 31 Mar. 2016 "'Don't trouble about it, Clym. They may get to be friends.' He shook his head. 'Not two people with inflammable natures like theirs.'" — Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, 1878 Did you know? Combustible and incombustible are opposites but flammable and inflammable are synonyms. Why? The in- of incombustible is a common prefix meaning "not," but the in- of inflammable is a different prefix. Inflammable comes from Latin inflammare ("to inflame"), itself from in- (here meaning "in" or "into") plus flammare ("to flame"). Flammable also comes from flammare. In the early 20th century, firefighters worried that people might think inflammable meant "not able to catch fire," so they adopted flammable and nonflammable as official safety labels and encouraged their use to prevent confusion. In general use, flammable is now the preferred term for describing things that can catch fire, but inflammable is still occasionally used with that meaning as well.

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for September 13, 2021 is: inflammable • in-FLAM-uh-bul • adjective Inflammable describes things that can easily catch fire. It also means "easily excited or angered." // The gas is highly inflammable. // The messenger trembled as he stuttered out the news of the army's defeat to the highly inflammable king. See the entry > Examples: "First, butane is inflammable (or flammable—whichever way you like to say it)." — Rhett Allain, Wired, 31 Mar. 2016 "'Don't trouble about it, Clym. They may get to be friends.' He shook his head. 'Not two people with inflammable natures like theirs.'" — Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, 1878 Did you know? Combustible and incombustible are opposites but flammable and inflammable are synonyms. Why? The in- of incombustible is a common prefix meaning "not," but the in- of inflammable is a different prefix. Inflammable comes from Latin inflammare ("to inflame"), itself from in- (here meaning "in" or "into") plus flammare ("to flame"). Flammable also comes from flammare. In the early 20th century, firefighters worried that people might think inflammable meant "not able to catch fire," so they adopted flammable and nonflammable as official safety labels and encouraged their use to prevent confusion. In general use, flammable is now the preferred term for describing things that can catch fire, but inflammable is still occasionally used with that meaning as well.

‘Inflammable' means flammable? What a country! - Dr Nick Riviera Song link: https://open.spotify.com/track/1zZQ8p9kQJ6sM5rSXfBgd3?si=tM4qtQpkSfOFK0Wq20dAqA

รายการให้ความรู้เกี่ยวกับคำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษ

RFI

Many things are inflammable and you must be aware of a possible fire hazard.

There is NOTHING that can stop the church! Don't miss out on this power-packed message as Ps. Jurgen uses the story of Daniel to demonstrate how we should stand for truth during this season.

7.22.20 At Know the Truth, we are fully devoted to teaching God’s Word with boldness, clarity and conviction using every technological means available. We believe the Bible to be true and applicable to every aspect of our lives. God speaks today through what He has spoken, and therefore it is our desire to let God speak through the Bible as it is accurately taught and properly applied. The purpose and passion of this ministry is to allow God’s Word to run free so that in knowing the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ people may be set free to enjoy God forever.

07.21.20 At Know the Truth, we are fully devoted to teaching God’s Word with boldness, clarity and conviction using every technological means available. We believe the Bible to be true and applicable to every aspect of our lives. God speaks today through what He has spoken, and therefore it is our desire to let God speak through the Bible as it is accurately taught and properly applied. The purpose and passion of this ministry is to allow God’s Word to run free so that in knowing the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ people may be set free to enjoy God forever.

Just Dylan and I this week with our usual segments, Good Times, Bad Times, the usual suspects here: All Over the World, we are truly all over the world this week with stops in Hong Kong, South Aferica, USA and Canada: TnT - Typical week for both: Happy - Tony Fernandez, Sponges and Gary Larson's retrun: Parting Thoughts - poor english to french translations.

In this strip, the child's miniature vehicular play turns to violence in the imagination. Are the pleasures of childhood not enough to shackle these flights of fantasy in the world of benign bliss? Why does the absurd inevitability of death draw the young mind like a rare earth magnet? Find the difference between flammable/inflammable and more with guest host Sean of Five Minutes of Mime podcast!

Au sommaire cette semaine, l'Iran théâtre de manifestations, Benyamin Netanyahu inculpé en Israël, Donald Trump mis en difficulté dans la procédure de destitution engagée contre lui, et enfin en France, la sortie du film "J'accuse" de Roman Polanski perturbée par une nouvelle accusation de viol à l’encontre du réalisateur.

Today on the show Nick forgot to hit record on the perfect intro and Manuel and Sarah have fun at his expense. The crew discusses their week that was, including Nick and Sarah's experience at the 13th Floor haunted house and what they thought of Zombieland 2. The trailers on tap for discussion are Dolittle, Uncut Gems and Girl on the Third Floor. It's here that the show format then takes a backseat and our hosts just kick back and tell stories. Nick shares two tales of strange and scary happenings at his parent's place and Sarah shares a tale from a friend of her's about communication from someone who had previously left this earth. Manuel discusses a crisis in Mexico involving the Cartel and the Mexican government and Nick gets exposed as being the worst Hispanic EVER. We hope you enjoy this show as much as we did recording it. If you have a story of your own involving the paranormal or is just flat out strange, we'd love to hear it. The email is 'addtherunin@gmail.com'. Thanks -Nick, Sarah & Manuel

Today I'm going to teach you three pairs of confusing words that have the prefix IN-. In many words, IN- means the opposite or "not": independent = NOT dependent incorrect = NOT correct However, there are some exceptions that might be confusing, and you'll learn three of them in this lesson: invaluable, infamous, and inflammable. I hope this lesson has helped clarify the meanings of these confusing words. The English language has a lot of words that seem similar, but are actually different - and many English learners make mistakes with them. That's why I wrote the e-book 600+ Confusing English Words Explained - to help you understand these words clearly, so you can use them confidently! What will you learn in this e-book? Click here to see the full list of confusing words in the book.

Ecoutez l'édito du jour lu par son auteur.

"The Simpsons" quote draft - Inflammable means flammable? What a country! It’s a perfectly cromulent thing to do, to pick quotes from “The Simpsons” in draft form. So we have assembled a learned panel of people who haven’t seen the show in years, bribed them with plenty of Malk (with Vitamin R!), and set them to choose their favorite lines from the most quotable TV show of all time. We hope you find this episode excellent. If you don’t, don’t blame us—we voted for Kodos. Host Jason Snell with Glenn Fleishman, Philip Michaels, John Siracusa and Monty Ashley.

Episode 26Please join Johnny, Frances, and Dennis in this episode of Graphic Novel Explorers Club as they discuss Everything is Flammable, by writer and illustrator Gabrielle Bell. Everything is Flammable is the memoir comic of Gabrielle Bell returning to her Northern California to help her mother after her house burns down. In this episode the gang discusses Gabrielle Bell's publishing history, including self-published mini-comics; the frustration and sympathies the gang experienced with the main character; the juxtaposition of life in New York the life her mother lives in Mendocino County; burning your house down by way of your pants; the intentions of the pre-fab salesman; if Angela and Tony ever got married; the potential sequel called Everything is Inflammable and the gangs' opinions on the storying telling and the art of Everything is Flammable.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/graphicnovelexplorersclub/message See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Jimmy, James and callers discuss inflammable cladding - who pays and why it's scarier than you thought.____________________________________________________Flat Chat is all about apartment living, especially in Australia.Find us on Facebook and Twitter and the Flat Chat website.Send comments and questions to mail@flatchat.com.au.Register to ask and answer questions about apartment living anonymously on the website.Recorded by Jimmy Thomson & Sue Williams; Transcribed by Otter.ai; Transcription tidied up and sensified by Raphie.Find out more about Sue Williams and Jimmy Thomson on their websites.

Jimmy, James and callers discuss inflammable cladding - who pays and why it's scarier than you thought.

On this episode our hosts discuss the drive to compete, prophylaxis & the Hunters' Guild, and unusual counter-attack tactics. Follow us on Twitter @StrictlyWorstGB or like us on Facebook at fb.me/StrictlyTheWorst.

The fellas answer various listener questions and offer opinions and solutions for the latest social controversies (recorded 8-28-2016). Direct your comments and questions to postamericapodcast@gmail.com and follow the podcast on Twitter @postamericans Sound effects: soundbible.com/royalty-free-sounds-1.html We Never Sleep Productions

FOLLOW ALONG ON THE WEBSITE WHY DOES "INFLAMMABLE" MEAN "FLAMMABLE"? When we’re describing something that burns easily, we say it’s flammable, but "inflammable" means the same thing and was the original word, so why do we have both? http://bit.ly/inflammableORflammable THIRD PERSON: There are three main types of third person point of view in literature: third person limited, third person omniscient, and third person objective. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Here's the run-down and some examples. http://bit.ly/thirdpersonPOV SPONSORS: http://magoosh.com Use the code "grammar" at checkout for 20% off. http://weebly.com AMAZON AFFILIATE CODE http://quickanddirtytips.com/amazon FOLLOW GRAMMAR GIRL Twitter: http://twitter.com/grammargirl Facebook: http://facebook.com/grammargirl Snapchat: http://snapchat.com/add/thatgrammargirl Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/realgrammargirl Instagram: http://instagram.com/thegrammargirl LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/grammar-girl

Highly Inflammable - Simon The Zealot - All The King's Men Sermon Series at Kindred Community Church

Mark returns to the show and talks about the books he missed. Later in the show the book club is Ultimate Comics Spider-Man. Topics included, but were not limited to: (05:00) - Mrs. Beef, former host, coming to FCBD (05:51) - Inflammable (06:15) - Mark's thoughts on LoEG & Ultimate Comics Spider-Man (10:35) - Eisner's nominations (15:05) - Comic chatter: Mega Man #24, Justice League #19, Daredevil #25, and Aliens: Salvation  (30:47) - Lightning Round™: Cable and X-Force #7, TMNT Villians: Krang, and 15 Love (32:34) - The Massive (53:25) - Letters: #100 recommendations, Princeless, Avengers 2, Lex Luthor, and Firesides Hosted by:  @dale_a | @slim | @JonesyLovesBeer | @FarringtonSays. Special thanks to YOU for our iTunes reviews and/or ratings so far; they help spread the word about the show. Sponsored by:  The Comic Book Shop. The best place to grab your print or digital comics.

Playlist: KREAYSHAWN ft DIPLO Twerkin!!!  RICHELLE I think (DJ Sliink Remix)  HEROES x VILLAINS original choppaz  URBAN KNIGHTS fwd  MGK ft LIL JON Lace Up  BIG SEAN ft FRENCH MONTANA Mula  CHIEF KEEF ft LIL REESE I don't like MYKKO MONTANA do it  DJ SLIINK Black Betty                                     CRAZE & CODES Trapped In Sydney                                        A-TRAK & DILLON FRANCIS Money Makin' (Oliver Twizt Trap Remix)  BRO SAFARI That Ass                                         NERO Must Be the Feeling (Kill the Noise remix)  12th PLANET ,KILL THE NOISE & SKRILLEX Right On Time                     BRO SAFARI & KNUCKLE CHILDREN Freak                            ETC!ETC! & BRILLZ & DIPLO Bueller                                        BRO SAFARI & ETC!ETC! Suspects                                      BRO SAFARI Uncrushable (Jay Fay Remix) TODDLA T Take It Back (Dillon Francis Remix) FEED ME One Click Headshot                                     TOMMIE SUNSHINE & TIFFANY ROTH Tonight's The Night (Heartbreak Remix) HEARTBREAK Blaze Up                                                                            HARDWELL Spaceman _ DJ Carnage Remix                                     AFROJACK Annie's Theme _ Carnage Remix  FRENCH MONTANA Pop That          KID INK Drippin'                                                    2 CHAINZ ft KANYE WEST birthday song  JUSTICE Stress (Dj Snake & Alesia Trap Vision)       SLEIGH BELLS Demons (Diplo Remix)                                       DJEMBA DJEMBA Oh Ok Yeah That's Cool                                       UZ trap shit v9                                                    FLOSSTRADAMUS Underground Anthem                                          T.I. Go Get It                                                            KANYE WEST ft BIG SEAN & JAY-Z clique                                            TNGHT Higher Ground                                              PHAROAHE MONCH Simon Says (ETC!ETC! & Brillz Bootleg)

Hey folks , here's my latest installment of chillin grooves, it was featured a couple weeks ago on Ivan's hidden cover podcast. This is recorded live @ the pub in October ,2010 Enjoy! ::tracklist:: 1-Pretty Lights – Finally Moving 2-Tommy Largo – At The Beach- Alphabet 3-Jazzual Suspects- Hotpot-Om 4-Toka Project – Up Close- So Sound 5-Blackfish – Pacific Harbour- Blackfish 6-Rocket Empire- Boombadom- Om 7-Blackfish- Horns at The Ready- Blackfish 8-Pretty Lights – Solamente 9-Tommy Largo – Scruffy Jazz- Alphabet 10-Uneaq- Just Move- Great Lakes Audio 11-Mono Deluxe – Before Evening – Vibe Boutique 12-Green Tea – Cruise Control – Plug 13-DJ Cam - Quincy – Inflammable 14-Jt Donaldson – Trust Me ( Original Steppers) –Om 15-Jay Walkers –Morning Mist – Om 16 Angie Dickenson - (Moodswinger Vocal)-3345 Music

Transcript -- Fox's biscuit factory might not seem a terribly dangerous place, but in fact there are many risks involved with biscuit manufacture, and Fox's have evolved a stringent and complex health and safety policy.

Fox's biscuit factory might not seem a terribly dangerous place, but in fact there are many risks involved with biscuit manufacture, and Fox's have evolved a stringent and complex health and safety policy.

Transcript -- Fox's biscuit factory might not seem a terribly dangerous place, but in fact there are many risks involved with biscuit manufacture, and Fox's have evolved a stringent and complex health and safety policy.

Fox's biscuit factory might not seem a terribly dangerous place, but in fact there are many risks involved with biscuit manufacture, and Fox's have evolved a stringent and complex health and safety policy.

"Flammable" Versus "Inflammable"

It's all about me, baby. Me.Referenced SitesNew email addresses: jason (at) jasonlundberg (dot) net and info (at) twocranespress (dot) comJasonLundberg dot NetSecond Chance Book AdoptionNational University of Singapore"Avoirdupois"Behind the Wainscot #1RFAS Literary ContestVagabloggingNorth Carolina Signaturereviews of Snake Agent and Nothing is InflammableText:UR - The New Book of MasksFarrago's WainscotPapaveria PressA Field Guide to Surreal BotanyListen (20:49) | SubscribeEnd of line.