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This episode we will discuss various embassies to and from Yamato during the reign of Takara Hime, with a particular focus on the embassy of 659, which occured at a particularly eventful time and happened to be extremely well-recorded fro the period by Iki no Hakatoko, who was apparently on the mission to the Tang court itself. For more, check out our blog post at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-123 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 123: Embassy Interrupted.   Iki no Hakatoko sat in his room, gazing out at the city.   It was truly an amazing place, filled with all kinds of people from around the world.  And yet, still, after 9 months of confinement, the place felt small.  Sure, there he hadwere visits from ranking nobles and dignitaries, but even the most lenient of house arrests was still house arrest. But that didn't mean that he had nothing to do.  There were books and more that he had access to—many that had not yet made it to the archipelago, and some of which he no doubt hoped he could bring back with him.  And of course, there was paper, brush, and ink. And then there were the experiences he and others had acquired on this mission to the Great Tang.  From the very beginning the missionit washad been plagued with disaster when they lost half of their ships and company mission to rogue winds on the open seas.  Now they were trapped because the Emperor himself wouldn't let them return home.  They had experienced and seen so much, and that provided ample material for one to catalogue. As the seasons changed, and rumors arrived that perhaps his situation would also something would change soon, Iki no Hakatoko spread out the paper on the desk in front of him, dipped his brush in the ink, and began to write.  He wrote down notes about his experiences, and what had befallen him and the others.  He had no idea who It is unclear whom he thought might read it, and if he was intending this to be an official or personal record, but he wrote it down anyway. Hakatoko He couldn't have known then that his words would eventually be captured in a much larger work, chronicling the entire history of Yamato from its very creation, nor that his would be one of the oldest such personal accounts records to be handed down.  His Itwords  wwould only survive in fragments—or perhaps his writing was simply that terse—but his words they would be preserved, in a format that was still being read over a thousand years later.     Last episode we finished up the story of Xuanzang and his Journey to the West—which is to say the Western Regions -- , and thence on to India, or Tianzhu, where he walked in the footsteps of the historical Buddha, studied the scriptures at the feet of venerable teachers, such as Silabadhra at the Great Monastery of Nalanda, and eventually wound up bringingbrought back hundreds of manuscripts to Chang'an to , which he and others be translated and disseminated, impacting Buddhist thought across East Asia.  HisXuanzang's travels lasted from around 629 to 645, and he was still teaching in Chang'an in the 650s when various student-monks from Yamato  arrived to study and learn from him, eventually bringing back his teachings to the archipelago as part of the Faxiang, or Hossou, school of Buddhism. Before that we talked about the visitors from “Tukhara” and “Sha'e” recorded in the Chronicles.  As we noted, these peopley were morest likely from the Ryukyuan islands, and the names may have been conflated with distant lands overseas – but regardless, .  Whether or not it was a mistake, this it does seem to indicated that Yamato had at least an inkling of the wider world, introduced through the continental literature that they had been importing, if not the direct interactions with individuals from the Korean peninsula and the Tang court. This episode, we're going to talk about some of the relations between Yamato and the continent, including the various embassies sent back and forth, as well as one especially detailed embassy from Yamato to the Tang Court that found itself in a bit of a pickle.  After all, what did you do, back in those days, when you were and ambassador, and your country suddenly went to war?  We'll talk about that and what happened. To reorient ourselves in time, we're in the reign of Takara Hime, called aka Kyogoku Tennou during her first reign, who had reascended to the throne in 655, following the death of her brother, Prince Karu.  The Chroniclers would dub her Saimei Tennou in her second run on the throne. From the very beginning of her second reign, Takara Hime was entertaining foreign envoys.  In 654, the Three Han of the Korean Peninsula—Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla—all sent ambassadors to express their condolence on the death of her brother, and presumably to witness her ascension.  And in the 8th month of her reign, Kawabe no Maro no Omi, along with others, returned from Chang'an.  He Kawabe no Maro no Omi had been the Chief Ambassador to the Tang on an embassy sent , traveling there in the 2nd month of the previous year.  Originally he had been He was under the command of the controlling envoy, Takamuku no Obito no Kuromaro, but Kuromaro who unfortunately died in Chang'an and so Kawabe no Mari no Omi took over his role. That same year, 655, we know that there were about 100 persons recorded in Yamato from Baekje, along with envoys of Goguryeo and Silla.  These are likely the same ones we mentioned back in episode 117 when 150 Baekje envoys were present at court along with multiple members of the Emishi. Silla, for their part, had sent to Yamato a special hostage , whom we know as something like “Mimu”, along with skilled workmen.  Unfortunately, we are told that Mimu fell ill and died.  The Chronicles are pretty sparse on what this meant, but I can't imagine it was great.  After all, the whole idea of sending a hostage to another nation was as a pledge of good behavior – the idea being that the hostage was the idea that they werewas valuable enough that the sending nation wouldn't do anything too rash.  The flip side of that is if the hostage died, Of course, if they perished, the hosting country lost any leverage—and presumably the sending nation would be none too pleased.  That said, people getting sick and passing away was hardly a hostile action, and likely just considered an unfortunate situation. The following year, in 656, we see that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla again all sent ambassadords were all sent to offer “tribute”.  The Chronicles mention that dark purple curtains were drawn around the palace site to entertain the ambassadors—likely referring to the new palace site at Asuka no Wokamoto, which probably was not yet fully built out, yet.   We are given the name of the Goguryeo ambassador, Talsa, and associate ambassador, Ilchi,  in the 8th month, Talsa and Ilichi, with 81 total members in the Goguryeo retinueof the embassy.  In seeming response, Yamato sent an embassy was sent to Goguryeo with the likes of Kashiwade no Omi no Hatsumi as the Chief Ambassador and Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwasuki as the Associate Ambassador.  Other names mentioned include We also see the likes of Inugami no Shiromaro, Kawachi no Fumi no Obito—no personal name is given—and Ohokura no Maro.  We also see thea note in the Chronicles that Yamato ambassadors to the quote-unquote “Western Sea”—which seems to refer to the Tang court, but could possibly refer to anything from the Korean Peninsula west—returned in that same year.  The two are named as Saheki no Muraji no Takunaha and Oyamashita no Naniha no Kishi no Kunikatsu.  These are both families that were clearly involved in cross-strait relations , based on how they are frequently referenced in the Chronicles as being associated with various overseas missions.  but  However, we don't seem to have clear evidence of them when these particular individualsy leavingft on this mission.  “Kunikatsu” mightay refer to an earlier ambassador to Baekje, but the names are different, so that is largely just speculation.  In any case, Uupon their return, they are said to have brought with them a parrot.  This wasn't the first parrot the court had seen—that feathery traveler had arrived in 647, or at least that is the first parrotinstance  we have in the written record -- .  Aand that one came from Silla as part of that embassy's gifts. Continuing on, in 657, The following year there was another group of ambassadors returned coming  from the “Western Seas”, in this case coming back from—or through—Baekje.  Thisese wasere Adzumi no Muraji no Tsuratari and Tsu no Omi no Kutsuma.  The presents they brought back were, of all things:  one camel and two donkeys.  And can you imagine bringing a camel back across the sea at this point?  Even if they were using the larger ships based on continental designs, it still must have been something else to put up with a camel and donkeys onboard, animals that are not exactly known for their easy-going and compliant nature. Speaking of boats, we should probably touch on what we *think* they were usinghas been going on here.  I say *think* because we only get glimpses  of the various boats being used in the archipelago, whether from mentions in or around Yamato, archaeology, or artistic depictions, many of which came from later periods., and wSo while it is generally assumed that they the Yamato were using Tang style vessels by the 8th and 9th century, there does not appear to be clear evidence of exactly what kind of boats were being used during the early earlier periods of contact. A quick note on boat technology and navigation: while travel between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula, and up the Yellow Sea, wasn't safe, it would have been possible with the vessels of the time.  Japan sits on the continental shelf, meaning that to the east where the shelf gives way to the Pacific Ocean with the Phillippine Sea to the south, the waters are much, much deeper than they are to the west.  In deep waters, waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor, meaning they can build up much more energy and require different kinds of technology to sail.  In shallower areas, such as the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea or the Korean Straits to the west of the archipelago, there's more drag that dampens out the wave effect – it's not that these areas are uniformly shallow and calm, but they are calmer and easier to navigate in general.  Our oldest example of boats in the archipelago of any kind are dugout canoes, .  These are logs that are hollowed out  and shaped. , and tThese appear to be what Jomon era populations used to cross to the archipelago and travel between the various islands.  Though they may be considered primitive, without many of the later innovations that would increase stability and seaworthiness—something I'll touch on more a bit later—, they were clearly effective enough to populate the islands of the Ryukyuan chain and even get people and livestock, in the form of pigs, down to the Hachijo islands south of modern Tokyo.    So they weren't ineffective. Deep waters mean that the waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor.  Once it hits shallower water, there is more drag that affects larger waves.  This means that there can be more energy in these ocean waves.  That usually means that shallower areas tend to be more calm and easier to navigate—though there are other things that can affect that as well. We probably should note, however, that Japan sits on the edge of the continental shelf.  To the west, the seas are deep, but not nearly as deep as they are to the east, where continental shelf gives way to the Pacific ocean, with the Philippine Sea to the south.  These are much deeper waters than those of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, or the Korean Straits.  The Sea of Japan does have some depth to it, but even then it doesn't compare in both size and depth. Deep waters mean that the waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor.  Once it hits shallower water, there is more drag that affects larger waves.  This means that there can be more energy in these ocean waves.  That usually means that shallower areas tend to be more calm and easier to navigate—though there are other things that can affect that as well. All this to say that travel between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula, and up the Yellow Sea, were all things that were likely much easier to navigate with the vessels available at the time, but that doesn't mean that it was safe. Later, we see a different type of vessel appear: .  This is a built vessel, made of multiple hewn pieces of wood.  The examples that we see show a rather square front and back that rise up, sometimes dramatically, .  There are with various protrusions on either side. We see examples of this shape , and we've seen examples in haniwa from about the 6th century, and we have some corresponding wooden pieces found around the Korean peninsula that pretty closely match the haniwa boat shapesuggest similar boats were in use there as well, .  Nnot surprising given the cultural connections.  These boats do not show examples of sails, and were likely crewed by rowers.  Descriptions of some suggest that they might be adorned with branches, jewels, mirrors, and other such things for formal occasions to identify some boats as special -- , and we even have one record of the rowers in ceremonial garb with deer antlers.  But none of this suggests more than one basic boat typevery different types of boats. In the areas of the Yellow and Yangzi rivers, area of modern China, particularly in the modern PRC, the boats we see are a little different.  They tend to be flat bottomed boats, possible evolved from  which appear to have been designed from rafts or similar .   These vessels would have evolved out of those used to transport goods and people up and down the Yellow and Yangzi rivers and their tributaries.  These boats y had developed sails, but still the boats wwere n'ot necessarily the most stable on the open ocean.  Larger boats could perhaps make their way through some of the waves, and were no doubt used throughout the Yellow Sea and similar regions.  However, for going farther abroad, we are told thatcourt chronicles note that there were other boats that were preferred: . These are sometimes called  the Kun'lun-po, or Boats of the Kunlun, or the Boats of the Dark-skinned people.  A quick dive here into how this name came to be. Originally, “Kunlun” appears to refer to a mythical mountain range, the Kunlun-shan, which may have originated in the Shan-hai-jing, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and so may not have referred to anything specific terrestrial mountain range, ally.  Italthough the term would later attach be used to describe to the mountain chain that forms the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin. However, at some point, it seems that “Kunlun” came to refer to people -- .  Sspecifically, it came to refer to people of dark complexion, with curly hair.  There are Tang era depictions of such people, but their origin is not exactly known: it might .  It is thought that it may have have equally referred to dark-skinned individuals of African descent, or possibly referring to some of the dark-skinned people who lived in the southern seas—people like the Andamanese living on the islands west of modern Thailand or some of the people of the Malay peninsula, for example. It is these latter groups that likely were the origin, then, of the “Kun'lun-po”, referring to the ships of the south, such as those of Malay and AsutronesianAustronesian origin.  We know that from the period of at least the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and even into the early Tang, these foreign ships often , which were often plyingied the waters from trade port to trade port, and were the preferred sailing vessels for voyages to the south, where the waters could be more treacherous.  Indeed, the Malay language eventually gives us the term of their vessels as “Djong”, a term that eventually made its way into Portuguese as “Junco” and thus into English as “junk”, though this terms has since been rather broadly applied to different “Asian” style sailing vessels. So that leaves us with three ship types that the Yamato court could have been using to send these embassies back and forth to the continent: .  Were they still using their own style of native boat as seen on haniwa,, or were they adopting continental boats to their needs?   If so, were they using the flat-bottomed boats of the Tang dynasty, or the more seaworthy vessels of the foreign merchants?. Which were they using?  The general thinking is that IMost depictions I have seen of the kentoushi, the Japanese embassies to the Tang court, depict them as t is generally thought that they were probably using the more continental-style flat-bottomed, riverine vessels.  After all, they were copying so much of what the Sui and Tang courts were doing, why would they not consider these ships to likewise be superior to their own?  At least for diplomatic purposes.  I suspect that local fishermen did their own were keeping their own counsel as far as ships are concernedthing, and I also have to wonder about what got used they were using from a military standpoint for military purposes.  Certainly we see the Tang style boats used in later centuries, suggesting that these had been adopted at some earlier point, possibly by the 650s or earlier. Whatever they used, and while long-distance sailing vessels could Sailing vessels could be larger than short-distance riverine craft, this was not a luxury cruise.  , but conditions on board were not necessarily a luxury cruise.  From later accounts we know that they would really pack people into these shipspeople could be packed in.  It should be noted that individual beds and bedrooms were a luxury in much of the world, and many people probably had little more than a mat to sleep on.  Furthermore, people could be packed in tight.   Think of the size of some of these embassies, which are said to be 80 to 150 people in size.  A long, overseas journey likely meant getting quite cozy with your neighbors on the voyage.  So how much more so with a camel and two donkeys on board a vessel that was likely never meant to carry them?  Not exactly the most pleasant experience, I imagine – and this is not really any different than European sailing vessels during the later age of exploration.. So, from the records for just the first few years of Takara-hime's second reign, we see that there are lots of people going back and forth, and we have a sense of how they might be getting to and from the continent and peninsula.  Let's dive into Next, we are going to talk about one of the most heavily documented embassies to the Tang court, which set out in the 7th month of the year 659.  Not only do we get a pretty detailed account of this embassy, but we even know who wrote the account: as in our imagined intro, , as this is one of the accounts by the famous Iki no Muraji no Hakatoko, transcribed by Aston as “Yuki” no Muraji. Iki no Hakatoko's name first appears in an entry for 654, where he is quoted as giving information about the status of some of the previous embassies to the Tang court.  Thereafter, various entries are labeled as “Iki no Muraji no Hakatoko says:”, which   This would seem to indicate that these particular entries came are taken directly from another work written by Iki no Hakatoko and referred to as the “Iki Hakatoko Sho”.  Based on the quoted fragments found in the Nihon Shoki, itthis appears to be one of ourthis oldest Japanese travelogues.  It , and spends considerable time on the mission of 659, of which it would appear that Iki no Hakatoko was himself a member, though not a ranking one.  Later, Iki no Hakatoko would find himself mentioned in the Nihon Shoki directly, and he would even be an ambassador, himself. The embassy of 659 itself, as we shall see, was rather momentous.  Although it started easily enough, the embassy would be caught up in some of the most impactful events that would take place between the Tang, Yamato, and the states of the Korean peninsula. This embassy was formally under the command of Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwashiki and Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza.  It's possible In the first instance it is not clear to me if this isthat he is the same person as the previously mentioned associate envoy, Sakahibe no Iwasuki—but the kanji are different enough, and there is another Sakahibe no Kusuri who shows up between the two in the record.  However, they are both listed as envoys during the reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, and as we've abundantly seen, and it wouldn't be the first time that scribal error crept in. has taken place, especially if the Chroniclers were pulling from different sources. The ambassadors took a retinue with them, including members of the northern Emishi, whom they were bringing along with them to show to the Tang court.  TheThey also  embassy ttook two ships—perhaps because of the size of the retinue, but I suspect that this was also because if anything happened to the one, you still had the other.  A kind of backup plan due to the likelihood something went wrong.  And wouldn't you know it, something did go wrong.  You see, things started out fine, departing Mitsu Bay, in Naniwa, on the 3rd day of the 7th month.  They sailed through the Seto Inland Sea and stopped at Tsukushi, likely for one last resupply and to check in with the Dazai, located near modern Fukuoka, who would have been in charge of overseeing ships coming and going to the archipelago.  They departed from Ohotsu bay in Tsukushi on the 11th day of the 8th month. A quick note: Sspeedboats these were not.  Today, one can cross from Fukuoka to Busan, on the southeast corner of the Korean peninsula, in less than a day.  The envoys, however, were taking their time.  They may have even stopped at the islands of Iki and Tsushima on their way.  By the 13th day of the 9th month—over a month from leaving Kyushu behind -- , the  ships finally came to an island along the southern border of Yamato's ally, Baekje.  Hakatoko does not recall the name of the island, but o On the following morning, around 4 AM, so just before sunrise, the two ships put out to sea together to cross the ocean, heading south, towards the mouth of the Yangzi river.  Unfortunately, the following day, the ship Iwashiki was on met with a contrary wind, and was driven away from the other ship – with nothing known of its fate until some time afterwards.  Meanwhile, the other ship, under the command of Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza, continued on and by midnight on the 16th day, it arrived at Mt. Xuan near Kuaiji Commandary in the Yue district, in modern Zhejiang.  Suddenly a violent northeast wind blew up, and p.  Tthey were saileding another 7 days before they finally arrived at Yuyao.  Today, this is part of the city of Ningbo, at the mouth of the Qiantang river, south of Shanghai and considered a part of the Yangzi Delta Region.  This area has been inhabited since at least 6300 years ago, and it has long been a trade port, especially with the creation of the Grand Canal connecting between the Yangzi and the Yellow River, which would have allowed transshipment of goods to both regions. The now half-size Yamato contingenty  left their ship at Yuyao and disembarked, and made their way to Yuezhou, the capital of the Kuaiji Commandary.  This took them a bit of time—a little over a month.  Presumably this was because of paperwork and logistics: they probably because they had to send word ahead, and I suspect they had to inventory everything they brought and negotiate carts and transportationfigure out transportation., since   Tthey didn't exactly have bags of holding to stuff it all in, so they probably needed to negotiate carts and transportation.  The finally made it to Yuezhou on the first day of the 11th intercalary month.  An “intercalary” month refers to an extra month in a year.  It was determined by various calculations and was added to keep the lunar and solar years in relative synch. From Yuezhou, things went a bit more quickly, as they were placed on post-horses up to the Eastern Capital, or Luoyang, where the Emperor Tang Gaozong was in residence.   The Tang kept a capital at Luoyang and another to the west, in Chang'an.  The trip to Luoyang was long—over 1,000 kilometers, or 1 megameter, as it were.  The trip first took them through the Southern Capital, meaning the area of modern Nanjing, which they entered on the 15th day of the month.  They then continued onwards, reaching Luoyang on the 29th day of the 11th month.  The following day, on the 30th day of the 11th intercalary month of the year 659, the Yamato envoys were granted an audience with Emperor Tang Gaozong.  As was proper, he inquired about the health of their sovereign, Takara Hime, and the envoys reported that she was doing well.  He asked other questions about how the officials were doing and whether there was peace in Yamato.  The envoys all responded affirmatively, assuring him that Yamato was at peace. Tang Gaozong also asked about the Emishi they had brought with them.  We mentioned this event previously, back in Episode XXX117 , how the Emishi had been shown to the Tang Emperor, and how they had described them for him.  This is actually one of the earliest accounts that we have describing the Emishi from the Yamato point of view, rather than just naming them—presumably because everyone in Yamato already knew who they were.  From a diplomatic perspective, of course, this was no doubt Yamato demonstrating how they were, in many ways, an Empire, similar to the Tang, with their own subordinate ethnicities and “barbarians”. After answering all of the emperor's questions, the audience was concluded.  The following day, however, was something of its own. This was the first day of the regular 11th lunar month, and it also was the celebration of the Winter Solstice—so though it was the 11th month, it may have been about 22 December according to our modern western calendars.  The envoys once again met with the emperor, and they were treated as distinguished guests—at least according to their own records of it.  Unfortunately, during the festivities, it seems that a fire broke out, creating some confusion, and .  Tthe matters of the diplomatic mission were put on hold while all of that went on. We don't know exactly what happened in the ensuing month.  Presumably the envoys took in the sites of the city, may have visited various monasteries, and likely got to know the movers and shakers in the court, who likely would have wined and dined them, inviting them to various gatherings, as since they brought their own exotic culture and experiences to the Tang court. Unfortunately, things apparently turned sour.  First off, it seems clear that the members of this embassyy weren't the only Japanese in the court.  There may have been various merchants, of course, but and we definitely know that there were students who had come on other missions and were still there likely still studying, such as those who had been learning from studying with Master Xuanzang, whose journeys we mentioned in the last several episodes.  But Wwe are given a very specific name of a troublemaker, however:  Kawachi no Aya no Ohomaro, and we are told that he was aa servant of Han Chihung, who .  Han Chihung, himself, is thought to have possiblymay have been of mixed ethnicity—both Japanese and ethnic Han, and may .  Hhe may have traveled to the Tang court on or around 653. , based on some of the records, but it isn't entirely clear. For whatever reason, on the 3rd day of the 12th month of the year 659, Kawachi no Aya no Ohomaro slandered the envoys, and although .  Wwe don't know exactly what he said, but the Tang court caught wind of the accusations and found the envoys guilty.  They were condemned to banishment, until the author of our tale, none other than Iki no Hakatoko himself, stepped up, .  He made representation to the Emperor, pleading against the slander.  , and tThe punishment was remitted, .  Sso they were no longer banished.  However, they were also then told that they could no't return home.  You see, the Tang court was in the middle of some sensitive military operations in the lands east of the sea—in other words they were working with Silla to and invadeing the Kingdom of Baekje.  Since Yamato was an ally of Baekje, it would be inconvenient if the envoys were to return home and rally Yamato to Baekje's defense. And so the entire Yamato embassy was moved to the Western Capital, Chang'an, where they were placed under individual house arrest.  They no doubt were treated well, but they were not allowed to leave, and .  Tthey ended up spending the next year in this state. of house arrest. Unfortunately, we don't have a record of just how they passed their time in Chang'an.  They likely studied, and were probably visited by nobles and others.  They weren't allowed to leave, but they weren't exactly thrown in jail, either.  After all, they were foreign emissaries, and though the Tang might be at war with their ally, there was no formal declaration of war with Yamato, as far as I can make out.  And so the embassy just sat there, for about 9 months. Finally, in the 7th month of 660, the records tell us we are told thatthat tThe Tang and Silla forces had been successful: .  Baekje was destroyed..  The Tang and Silla forces had been successful.   News must have reached Chang'an a month later, as Iki Hakatoko writes that this occurred in the 8th month of the year 660.  With the Tang special military operation on the Korean peninsula concluded, they released the envoys and allowed them to return to their own countries.  They envoys began their preparations as of the 12th day of the 9th month, no doubt eager to return home, and left were leaving Chang'an a week later, on the 19th day of the 9th month.  From there, it took them almost a month to reach Luoyang, arriving on the 16th day of the 10th month, and here they were greeted with more good news, for here it was that they met up once again with those members of their delegation who had been blown off course. As you may remember, the ship carrying Iwashiki was blown off-course on the 15th day of the 9th month in the year 659, shortly after setting out from the Korean peninsula.  The two ships had lost contact and Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza and his ship had been the one that had continued on.   Iwashiki and those with him, however, found themselves at the mercy of the contrary winds and eventually came ashore at an island in the Southern Sea, which Aston translates as “Erh-kia-wei”.   There appears to be at least some suggestion that this was an island in the Ryukyuan chain, possibly the island of Kikai.  There, local islanders, none too happy about these foreigners crashing into their beach, destroyed the ship, and presumably attacked the embassy.  Several members, including Yamato no Aya no Wosa no Atahe no Arima (yeah, that *is* a mouthful), Sakahibe no Muraji no Inadzumi (perhaps a relative of Iwashiki) and others all stole a local ship and made their way off the island.  They eventually made landfall at a Kuazhou, southeast of Lishui City in modern Zhejiang province, where they met with local officials of the Tang government, who then sent them under escort to the capital at Luoyang.  Once there, they were probably held in a similar state of house arrest, due to the invasion of Baekje, but they met back up with Kiza and Hakatoko's party. The envoys, now reunited, hung out in Luoyang for a bit longer, and thus .  Thus it was on the first day of the 11th month of 660 that they witnessed war captives being brought to the capital.  This included 13 royal persons of Baekje, from the King on down to the Crown Prince and various nobles, including the PRimiePrime Minister, as well as 37 other persons of lower rank—50 people all told.  TheThese captives y were delivered up to the Tang government and led before the emperor.  Of course, with the war concluded, and Baekje no longer a functioning state, while he could have had them executed, Tang Gaozong instead released them, demonstrating a certain amount of magnanimity.  The Yamato envoys remained in Luoyang for most of the month.  On the 19th, they had another audience with the emperor, who bestowed on them various gifts and presents, and then five days later they departed the Luoyang, and began the trek back to the archipelago in earnest. By the 25th day of the first month of 661, the envoys arrived back at Yuezhou, head of the Kuaiji Commandery.  They stayed there for another couple of months, possibly waiting for the right time, as crossing the sea at in the wrong season could be disastrous.  They finally departed east from Yuezhou on the first day of the fourth month, coming to .  They came to Mt. Cheng-an 6 days later, on the 7th, and set out to sea first thing in the morning on the 8th.  They had a southwest wind initially in their favor, but they lost their way in the open ocean, an all too commonall-too-common problem without modern navigational aids.  Fortunately, the favorable winds had carried them far enough that only a day later they made landfall on the island of Tamna, aka Jeju island. Jeju island was, at this point, its own independent kingdom, situated off the southern coast of the Korean peninsula.  Dr. Alexander Vovin suggested that the name “Tamna” may have been a corruption of a Japonic or proto-Japonic name: Tanimura.  The island was apparently quite strange to the Yamato embassy, and they met with various residents natives of Jeju island.  They, even convincinged Prince Aphaki and eight other men of the island to come with them to be presented at the Yamato court. The rest of their journey took a little over a month.  They finally arrived back in Yamato on the 23rd day of the fifth month of 661.  They had been gone for approximately two years, and a lot had changed, especially with the destruction of Baekje.  The Yamato court had already learned of what had happened and was in the process of drawing up plans for an expedition back to the Korean peninsula to restore the Baekje kingdom, and pPrince Naka no Oe himself was set to lead the troops. The icing on the cake was: Tthe reception that the envoys received upon their return was rather cold.  Apparently they were had been slandered to the Yamato court by another follower of Han Chihung—Yamato no Aya no Atahe no Tarushima—and so they weren't met with any fanfare.  We still don't know what it was that Tarsuhima was saying—possibly he had gotten letters from Chihung or Ohomaro and was simply repeating what they had said. Either way, the envoys were sick of it.  They had traveled all the way to the Tang capitals, they had been placed under house arrest for a year, and now they had returned.  They not only had gifts from the Tang emperor, but they were also bringing the first ever embassy from the Kingdom of Tamna along with them.  The slander would not stand.  And so they did what anyone would do at the time:  They apparently appealed to the Kami.  We are told that their anger reached to the Gods of the High Heaven, which is to say the kami of Takamanohara, who killed Tarushima with a thunderbolt.  Which I guess was one way to shut him up. From what we can tell, the embassy was eventually considered a success.  Iki no Hakatoko's star would rise—and fall—and rise again in the court circles.  As I noted, his account of this embassy is really one of the best and most in depth that we have from this time.  It lets us see the relative route that the envoys were taking—the Chronicles in particular note that they traveled to the Great Tang of Wu, and, sure enough, they had set out along the southern route to the old Wu capital, rather than trying to cross the Bohai Sea and make landfall by the Shandong peninsula or at the mouth of the Yellow River.  From there they traveled through Nanjing—the southern “capital” likely referring, in this instance, to the old Wu capital—and then to Luoyang.  Though they stayed there much longer than they had anticipated, they ended up living there through some of the most impactful events that occurred during this point in Northeast Asia.  they And that is something we will touch on next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

This episode we are taking a trip down the Silk Road--or perhaps even the Spice Road--as we investigate references in this reign to individuals from "Tukara" who seem to have arrived in Yamato and stayed for a while. For photos and more, see our podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-119 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  This is episode 119: The Question of “Tukara”   Traveling upon the ocean was never exactly safe.  Squalls and storms could arise at any time, and there was always a chance that high winds and high waves could capsize a vessel.  Most people who found themselves at the mercy of the ocean could do little but hold on and hope that they could ride out whatever adverse conditions they met with.  Many ships were lost without any explanation or understanding of what happened to them.  They simply left the port and never came back home. And so when the people saw the boat pulling up on the shores of Himuka, on the island of Tsukushi, they no doubt empathized with the voyagers' plight.  The crew looked bedraggled, and their clothing was unfamiliar.  There were both men and women, and this didn't look like your average fishing party.  If anything was clear it was this:  These folk weren't from around here. The locals brought out water and food.  Meanwhile, runners were sent with a message:  foreigners had arrived from a distant place.  They then waited to see what the government was going to do.     We are still in the second reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tenno.  Last episode we talked about the palaces constructed in Asuka, as well as some of the stone works that have been found from the period, and which appear to be referenced in the Nihon Shoki—at least tangentially.   The episodes before that, we looked at the expeditions the court sent to the far north of Honshu and even past Honshu to Hokkaido. This episode we'll again be looking past the main islands of the archipelago to lands beyond.  Specifically, we are going to focus on particularly intriguing references to people from a place called “Tukara”.  We'll talk about some of the ideas about where that might be, even if they're a bit  far-fetched. That's because Tukara touches on the state of the larger world that Yamato was a part of, given its situation on the far eastern edge of what we know today as the Silk Road.  And is this just an excuse for me to take a detour into some of the more interesting things going on outside the archipelago?  No comment. The first mention of a man from Tukara actually comes at the end of the reign of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou.  We are told that in the fourth month of 654 two men and two women of “Tukara” and one woman of “Sha'e” were driven by a storm to Hiuga.  Then, three years later, the story apparently picks up again, though possibly referring to a different group of people.  On the 3rd day of the 7th month of 657, so during the second reign of Takara Hime, we now hear about two men and four women of the Land of Tukara—no mention of Sha'e—who drifted to Tsukushi, aka Kyushu.  The Chronicles mention that these wayfarers first drifted to the island of Amami, and we'll talk about that in a bit, but let's get these puzzle pieces on the table, first.  After those six people show up, the court sent for them by post-horse.  They must have arrived by the 15th of that same month, because we are told that a model of Mt. Sumi was erected and they—the people from Tukara—were entertained, although there is another account that says they were from “Tora”. The next mention is the 10th day of the 3rd month of 659, when a Man of Tukara and his wife, again woman of Sha'e, arrived.  Then, on the 16th day of the 7th month of 660, we are told that the man of Tukara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, desired to return home and asked for an escort.  He planned to pay his respects at the Great Country, i.e. the Tang court, and so he left his wife behind, taking tens of men with him. All of these entries might refer to people regularly reaching Yamato from the south, from a place called “Tukara”.  Alternately, this is a single event whose story has gotten distributed over several years, as we've seen happen before with the Chronicles.  .  One of the oddities of these entries is that the terms used are not consistent.  “Tukara” is spelled at least two different ways, suggesting that it wasn't a common placename like Silla or Baekje, or even the Mishihase.  That does seem to suggest that the Chronicles were phonetically trying to find kanji, or the Sinitic characters, to match with the name they were hearing.   I would also note that “Tukara” is given the status of a “kuni”—a land, country, or state—while “sha'e”, where some of the women are said to come from, is just that, “Sha'e”. As for the name of at least one person from Tokara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, that certainly sounds like someone trying to fit a non-Japanese name into the orthography of the time.  “Tatsuna” seems plausibly Japanese, but “Kenzuhashi” doesn't fit quite as well into the naming structures we've seen to this point. The location of “Tukara” and “Sha'e” are not clear in any way, and as such there has been a lot of speculation about them.  While today there are placenames that fit those characters, whether or not these were the places being referenced at the time is hard to say. I'll actually start with “Sha'e”, which Aston translates as Shravasti, the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala, in modern Uttar Pradesh.  It is also where the Buddha, Siddartha Gautama, is said to have lived most of his life after his enlightenment.  In Japanese this is “Sha'e-jou”, and like many Buddhist terms it likely comes through Sanskrit to Middle Chinese to Japanese.  One—or possibly two—women from Shravasti making the journey to Yamato in the company of a man (or men) from Tukara seems quite the feat.  But then, where is “Tukara”? Well, we have at least three possible locations that I've seen bandied about.  I'll address them from the most distant to the closest option.  These three options were Tokharistan, Dvaravati, and the Tokara islands. We'll start with Tokharistan on the far end of the Silk Road.  And to start, let's define what that “Silk Road” means.  We've talked in past episodes about the “Western Regions”, past the Han-controlled territories of the Yellow River.   The ancient Tang capital of Chang'an was built near to the home of the Qin dynasty, and even today you can go and see both the Tang tombs and the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi and his terracotta warriors, all within a short distance of Xi'an, the modern city built on the site of Chang'an.  That city sits on a tributary of the Yellow River, but the main branch turns north around the border of modern Henan and the similarly sounding provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.  Following it upstream, the river heads north into modern Mongolia, turns west, and then heads south again, creating what is known as the Ordos loop.  Inside is the Ordos plateau, also known as the Ordos Basin.  Continuing to follow the Yellow river south, on the western edge of the Ordos, you travel through Ningxia and Gansu—home of the Hexi, or Gansu, Corridor.  That route eventually takes to Yumenguan, the Jade Gate, and Dunhuang.  From there roads head north or south along the edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin.  The southern route travels along the edge of the Tibetan plateau, while the northern route traversed various oasis cities through Turpan, Kucha, to the city of Kashgar.  Both routes made their way across the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush into South Asia. We've brought up the Tarim Basin and the Silk Road a few times.  This is the path that Buddhism appears to have taken to get to the Yellow River Basin and eventually to the Korean Peninsula and eastward to the Japanese archipelago.  But I want to go a bit more into detail on things here, as there is an interesting side note about “Tukara” that I personally find rather fascinating, and thought this would be a fun time to share. Back in Episode 79 we talked about how the Tarim basin used to be the home to a vast inland sea, which was fed by the meltwater from the Tianshan and Kunlun mountains.  This sea eventually dwindled, though it was still large enough to be known to the Tang as the Puchang Sea.  Today it has largely dried up, and it is mostly just the salt marshes of Lop Nur that remain.  Evidence for this larger sea, however, can be observed in some of the burials found around the Tarim basin.  These burials include the use of boat-shaped structures—a rather curious feature to be found out in the middle of the desert. And it is the desert that was left behind as the waters receded that is key to much of what we know about life in the Tarim basin, as it has proven to be quite excellent at preserving organic material.  This includes bodies, which dried out and naturally turned into mummies, including not only the wool clothing they were wearing, but also features such as hair and even decoration. These “Tarim mummies”, as they have been collectively called, date from as early as 2100 BCE all the way up through the period of time we're currently talking about, and have been found in several desert sites: Xiaohe, the earliest yet discovered; Loulan, near Lop Nur on the east of the Tarim Basin, dating from around 1800 BCE; Cherchen, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, dating from roughly 1000 BCE; and too many others to go into in huge detail. The intriguing thing about these burials is that  many of them don't have features typically associated with people of ethnic Han—which is to say traditional Chinese—ancestry, nor do they necessarily have the features associated with the Xiongnu and other steppe nomads.  In addition they have colorful clothing  made from wool and leather, with vivid designs.  Some bodies near Hami, just east of the basin, were reported to have blonde to light brown hair, and their cloth showed radically different patterns from that found at Cherchen and Loulan, with patterns that could reasonably be compared with the plaids now common in places like Scotland and Ireland, and previously found in the Hallstadt salt mine in Central Europe from around 3500 BCE, from which it is thought the Celtic people may have originated. At the same time that people—largely Westerners— were studying these mummies, another discovery in the Tarim basin was also making waves.  This was the discovery of a brand new language.  Actually, it was two languages—or possibly two dialects of a language—in many manuscripts, preserved in Kucha and Turpan.  Once again, the dry desert conditions proved invaluable to maintain these manuscripts, which date from between the late 4th or early 5th century to the 8th century.  They are written with a Brahmic script, similar to that used for Sanskrit, which appears in the Tarim Basin l by about the 2nd century, and we were able to translate them because many of the texts were copies of Buddhist scripture, which greatly helped scholars in deciphering the languages.  These two languages were fascinating because they represented an as-yet undiscovered branch of the Indo-European language family.  Furthermore, when compared to other Indo-European languages, they did not show nearly as much similarity with their neighbors as with languages on the far western end of the Indo-European language family.  That is to say they were thought to be closer to Celtic and Italic languages than something like Indo-Iranian.  And now for a quick diversion within the diversion:  “Centum” and “Satem” are general divisions of the Indo-European language families that was once thought to indicate a geographic divide in the languages.  At its most basic, as Indo-European words changed over time, a labiovelar sound, something like “kw”,  tended to evolve in one of two ways.  In the Celtic and Italic languages, the “kw” went to a hard “k” sound, as represented in the classical pronunciation of the Latin word for 100:  Centum.  That same word, in the Avestan language—of the Indo-Iranian tree—is pronounced as “Satem”, with an “S” sound.  So, you can look at Indo-European languages and divide them generally into “centum” languages, which preserve the hard “k”, or “Satem” languages that preserve the S. With me so far? Getting back to these two newly-found languages in the Tarim Basin, the weird thing is that they were “Centum” languages. Most Centum languages are from pretty far away, though: they are generally found in western Europe or around the Mediterranean, as opposed to the Satem languages, such as Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Armernian, or even Baltic Slavic languages, which are much closer to the Tarim Basin.  So if the theory were true that the “Centum” family of Indo-European languages developed in the West and “Satem” languages developed in the East, then that would seem to indicate that a group of a “Centum” speaking people must have migrated eastward, through the various Satem speaking people, and settled in the Tarim Basin many thousands of years ago. And what evidence do we have of people who look very different from the modern population, living in the Tarim Basin area long before, and wearing clothing similar to what we associated with the progenitors of the Celts?  For many, it seemed to be somewhat obvious, if still incredible, that the speakers of this language were likely the descendants of the mummies who, in the terminology of the time, had been identified as being of Caucasoid ancestry.  A theory developed that these people were an offshoot of a group called the Yamnaya culture, which may have arisen around modern Ukraine as an admixture between the European Hunter Gatherers and the Caucasian Hunter Gatherers, around 3300-2600 BCE.  This was challenged in 2021 when a genetic study was performed on some of the mummies in the Tarim basin, as well as several from the Dzungarian basin, to the northeast.  That study suggested that the people of the Dzungarian basin had genetic ties to the people of the Afanasievo people, from Southern Siberia.  The Afanasievo people are connected to the Yamnayan culture. It should be noted that there has long been a fascination in Western anthropology and related sciences with racial identification—and often not in a healthy way.  As you may recall, the Ainu were identified as “Caucasoid” by some people largely because of things like the men's beards and lighter colored hair, which differ greatly from a large part of the Japanese population.  However, that claim has been repeatedly refuted and debunked. And similarly, the truth is, none of these Tarim mummy burials were in a period of written anything, so we can't conclusively associated them with these fascinating Indo-European languages.  There are thousands of years between the various burials and the manuscripts. These people  left no notes stashed in pockets that give us their life story.   And Language is not Genetics is not Culture.  Any group may adopt a given language for a variety of reasons.  .  Still, given what we know, it is possible that the ancient people of the Tarim basin spoke some form of “Proto-Kuchean”, but it is just as likely that this language was brought in by people from Dzungaria at some point. So why does all this matter to us?  Well, remember how we were talking about someone from Tukara?  The Kuchean language, at least, is referred to in an ancient Turkic source as belonging to “Twgry”, which led several scholars to draw a link between this and the kingdom and people called Tukara and the Tokharoi.  This leads us on another bit of a chase through history. Now if you recall, back in Episode 79, we talked about Zhang Qian.  In 128 BCE, he attempted to cross the Silk Road through the territory of the Xiongnu on a mission for the Han court.  Some fifty years earlier, the Xiongnu had defeated the Yuezhi.  They held territory in the oasis towns along the north of the Taklamakan dessert, from about the Turpan basin west to the Pamirs. The Xiongnu were causing problems for the Han, who thought that if they could contact the remaining Yuezhi they could make common cause with them and harass the Xiongnu from both sides.  Zhang Qian's story is quite remarkable: he started out with an escort of some 99 men and a translator.  Unfortunately, he was captured and enslaved by the Xiongnu during his journey, and he is even said to have had a wife and fathered a child.  He remained a captive for thirteen years, but nonetheless, he was able to escape with his family and he made it to the Great Yuezhi on the far side of the Pamirs, but apparently the Yuezhi weren't interested in a treaty against the Xiongnu.  The Pamirs were apparently enough of a barrier and they were thriving in their new land.  And so Zhang Qian crossed back again through Xiongnu territory, this time taking the southern route around the Tarim basin.  He was still captured by the Xiongnu, who spared his life.  He escaped, again, two years later, returning to the Han court.  Of the original 100 explorers, only two returned: Zhang Qian and his translator.  While he hadn't obtained an alliance, he was able to detail the cultures of the area of the Yuezhi. Many feel that the Kushan Empire, which is generally said to have existed from about 30 to 375 CE,was formed from the Kushana people who were part of the Yuezhi who fled the Xiongnu. In other words, they were originally from further north, around the Tarim Basin, and had been chased out and settled down in regions that included Bactria (as in the Bactrian camel).  Zhang Qian describes reaching the Dayuan Kingdom in the Ferghana valley, then traveling south to an area that was the home of the Great Yuezhi or Da Yuezhi.  And after the Kushan empire fell, we know there was a state in the upper regions of the Oxus river, centered on the city of Balkh, in the former territory of the Kushan empire. known as “Tokara”.  Geographically, this matches up how Zhang Qian described the home of the Da Yuezhi.  Furthermore, some scholars reconstruct the reading of the Sinic characters used for “Yuezhi” as originally having an optional reading of something like “Togwar”, but that is certainly not the most common reconstructed reading of those characters.  Greek sources describe this area as the home of the Tokharoi, or the Tokaran People.  The term “Tukhara” is also found in Sanskrit, and this kingdom  was also said to have sent ambassadors to the Southern Liang and Tang dynasties. We aren't exactly certain of where these Tokharan people came from, but as we've just described, there's a prevailing theory that they were the remnants of the Yuezhi and Kushana people originally from the Tarim Basin.  We know that in the 6th century they came under the rule of the Gokturk Khaganate, which once spanned from the Liao river basin to the Black Sea.  In the 7th and 8th centuries they came under the rule of the Tang Empire, where they were known by very similar characters as those used to write “Tukara” in the Nihon Shoki.  On top of this, we see Tokharans traveling the Silk Road, all the way to the Tang court.  Furthermore, Tokharans that settled in Chang'an took the surname “Zhi” from the ethnonym “Yuezhi”, seemingly laying claim to and giving validation to the identity used back in the Han dynasty.   So, we have a Turkic record describing the Kuchean people (as in, from Kucha in the Tarim Basin) as “Twgry”, and we have a kingdom in Bactria called Tokara and populated (according to the Greeks) by people called Tokharoi.  You can see how this one term has been a fascinating rabbit hole in the study of the Silk Roads and their history.  And some scholars understandably suggested that perhaps the Indo-European languags found in Kucha and Turpan  were actually related to this “Tokhara” – and therefore  should be called “Tocharian”, specifically Tocharian A (Kuchean) or Tocharian B (Turfanian). The problem is that if the Tokharans were speaking “Tocharian” then you wouldn't expect to just see it at Kucha and Turpan, which are about the middle of the road between Tokhara and the Tang dynasty, and which had long been under Gokturk rule.  You would also expect to see it in the areas of Bactria associated with Tokhara.  However, that isn't what we see.  Instead, we see that Bactria was the home of local Bactrian language—an Eastern Iranian language, which, though it is part of the Indo European language family, it is not closely related to Tocharian as far as we can tell. It is possible that the people of Kucha referred to themselves as something similar to “Twgry”, or “Tochari”, but we should also remember that comes from a Turkic source, and it could have been an exonym not related to what they called themselves.  I should also note that language is not people.  It is also possible that a particular ethnonym was maintained separately by two groups that may have been connected politically but which came to speak different languages for whatever reason.   There could be a connection between the names, or it could even be that the same or similar exonym was used for different groups. So, that was a lot and a bit of a ramble, but a lot of things that I find interesting—even if they aren't as connected as they may appear.  We have the Tarim mummies, which are, today, held at a museum in modern Urumqi.  Whether they had any connection with Europe or not, they remain a fascinating study for the wealth of material items found in and around the Tarim basin and similar locations.  And then there is the saga of the Tocharian languages—or perhaps more appropriately the Kuchean-Turfanian languages: Indo-European languages that seem to be well outside of where we would expect to find them. Finally, just past the Pamirs, we get to the land of Tokhara or Tokharistan.  Even without anything else, we know that they had contact with the court.  Perhaps our castaways were from this land?  The name is certainly similar to what we see in the Nihon Shoki, using some of the same characters. All in all, art and other information suggest that the area of the Tarim basin and the Silk Road in general were quite cosmopolitan, with many different people from different regions of the world.  Bactria retained Hellenic influences ever since the conquests of Alexander of Macedonia, aka Alexander the Great, and Sogdian and Persian traders regularly brought their caravans through the region to trade.  And once the Tang dynasty controlled all of the routes, that just made travel that much easier, and many people traveled back and forth. So from that perspective, it is possible that one or more people from Tukhara may have made the crossing from their home all the way to the Tang court, but if they did so, the question still remains: why would they be in a boat? Utilizing overland routes, they would have hit Chang'an or Louyang, the dual capitals of the Tang empire, well before they hit the ocean.  However, the Nihon Shoki says that these voyagers first came ashore at Amami and then later says that they were trying to get to the Tang court. Now there was another “Silk Road” that isn't as often mentioned: the sea route, following the coast of south Asia, around through the Malacca strait and north along the Asian coast.  This route is sometimes viewed more in terms of the “spice” road If these voyagers set out to get to the Tang court by boat, they would have to have traveled south to the Indian Ocean—possibly traveling through Shravasti or Sha'e, depending on the route they chose to take—and then around the Malacca strait—unless they made it on foot all the way to Southeast Asia.  And then they would have taken a boat up the coast. Why do that instead of taking the overland route?  They could likely have traveled directly to the Tang court over the overland silk road.  Even the from Southeast Asia could have traveled up through Yunnan and made their way to the Tang court that way.  In fact, Zhang Qian had wondered something similar when he made it to the site of the new home of the Yuezhi, in Bactria.  Even then, in the 2nd century, he saw products in the marketplace that he identified as coming from around Szechuan.  That would mean south of the Han dynasty, and he couldn't figure out how those trade routes might exist and they weren't already known to the court.  Merchants would have had to traverse the dangerous mountains if they wanted to avoid being caught by the Xiongnu, who controlled the entire region. After returning to the Han court, Zhang Qian actually went out on another expedition to the south, trying to find the southern trade routes, but apparently was not able to do so.  That said, we do see, in later centuries, the trade routes open up between the area of the Sichuan basin and South Asia.  We also see the migrations of people further south, and there may have even been some Roman merchants who traveled up this route to find their way to the Han court, though those accounts are not without their own controversy. In either case, whether by land or sea, these trade routes were not always open.  In some cases, seasonal weather, such as monsoons, might dictate movement back and forth, while political realities were also a factor.  Still, it is worth remembering that even though most people were largely concerned with affairs in their own backyard, the world was still more connected than people give it credit for.  Tang dynasty pottery made its way to the east coast of Africa, and ostriches were brought all the way to Chang'an. As for the travelers from Tukhara and why they would take this long and very round-about method of travel, it is possible that they were just explorers, seeking new routes, or even on some kind of pilgrimage.  Either way, they would have been way off course. But if they did pass through Southeast Asia, that would match up with another theory about what “Tukara” meant: that it actually refers to the Dvaravati kingdom in what is now modern Thailand.  The Dvaravati Kingdom was a Mon political entity that rose up around the 6th century.  It even sent embassies to the Sui and Tang courts.  This is even before the temple complexes in Siem Reap, such as Preah Ko and the more famous Angkor Wat.  And it was during this time that the ethnic Tai people are thought to have started migrating south from Yunnan, possibly due to pressures from the expanding Sui and Tang empires.  Today, most of what remains of the Dvaravati kingdom are the ruins of ancient stone temples, showing a heavy Indic influence, and even early Buddhist practices as well.  “Dvaravati” may not actually be the name of the kingdom but it comes from an inscription on a coin found from about that time.  The Chinese refer to it as  “To-lo-po-ti” in contemporary records.  It may not even have been a kingdom, but  more of a confederation of city-states—it is hard to piece everything together.  That it was well connected, though, is clear from the archaeological record.  In Dvaravati sites, we see coins from as far as Rome, and we even have a lamp found in modern Pong Tuk that appears to match similar examples from the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century.  Note that this doesn't mean it arrived in the 6th century—similarly with the coins—but the Dvaravati state lasted until the 12th century. If that was the case, perhaps there were some women from a place called “Shravasti” or similar, especially given the Indic influence in the region. Now, given the location of the Dvaravati, it wouldn't be so farfetched to think that someone might sail up from the Gulf of Thailand and end up off-course, though it does mean sailing up the entire Ryukyuan chain or really running off course and finding yourself adrift on the East China sea.  And if they were headed to the Tang court, perhaps they did have translators or knew Chinese, since Yamato was unlikely to know the Mon language of Dvaravati and people from Dvaravati probably wouldn't know the Japonic language.  Unless, perhaps, they were communicating through Buddhist priests via Sanskrit. We've now heard two possibilities for Tukara, both pretty far afield: the region of Tokara in Bactria, and the Dvaravati kingdom in Southeast Asia.  That said, the third and simplest explanation—and the one favored by Aston in his translation of the Nihon Shoki—is that Tukara is actually referring to a place in the Ryukyu island chain.  Specifically, there is a “Tokara” archipelago, which spans between Yakushima and Amami-Oshima.  This is part of the Nansei islands, and the closest part of the Ryukyuan island chain to the main Japanese archipelago.  This is the most likely theory, and could account for the entry talking about Amami.  It is easy to see how sailors could end up adrift, too far north, and come to shore in Hyuga, aka Himuka, on the east side of Kyushu.  It certainly would make more sense for them to be from this area of the Ryukyuan archipelago than from anywhere else.  From Yakushima to Amami-Oshima is the closest part of the island chain to Kyushu, and as we see in the entry from the Shoku Nihongi, those three places seem to have been connected as being near to Japan.  So what was going on down there, anyway? Well, first off, let's remember that the Ryukyuan archipelago is not just the island of Okinawa, but a series of islands that go from Kyushu all the way to the island of Taiwan.  Geographically speaking, they are all part of the same volcanic ridge extending southward.  The size of the islands and their distance from each other does vary, however, creating some natural barriers in the form of large stretches of open water, which have shaped how various groups developed on the islands. Humans came to the islands around the same time they were reaching the Japanese mainland.  In fact, some of our only early skeletal remains for early humans in Japan actually come from either the Ryukyuan peninsula in the south or around Hokkaido to the north, and that has to do with the acidity of the soil in much of mainland Japan. Based on genetic studies, we know that at least two groups appear to have inhabited the islands from early times.  One group appears to be related to the Jomon people of Japan, while the other appears to be more related to the indigenous people of Taiwan, who, themselves, appear to have been the ancestors of many Austronesian people.  Just as some groups followed islands to the south of Taiwan, some appear to have headed north.  However, they only made it so far.  As far as I know there is no evidence they made it past Miyakoshima, the northernmost island in the Sakishima islands.  Miyako island is separated from the next large island, Okinawa, by a large strait, known as the Miyako Strait, though sometimes called the Kerama gap in English.  It is a 250km wide stretch of open ocean, which is quite the distance for anyone to travel, even for Austronesian people of Taiwan, who had likely not developed the extraordinary navigational technologies that the people who would become the Pacific Islanders would discover. People on the Ryukyu island chain appear to have been in contact with the people of the Japanese archipelago since at least the Jomon period, and some of the material artifacts demonstrate a cultural connection.  That was likely impacted by the Akahoya eruption, about 3500 years ago, and then re-established at a later date.  We certainly see sea shells and corals trade to the people of the Japanese islands from fairly early on. Unlike the people on the Japanese archipelago, the people of the Ryukyuan archipelago did not really adopt the Yayoi and later Kofun culture.  They weren't building large, mounded tombs, and they retained the character of a hunter-gatherer society, rather than transitioning to a largely agricultural way of life.  The pottery does change in parts of Okinawa, which makes sense given the connections between the regions.  Unfortunately, there is a lot we don't know about life in the islands around this time.  We don't exactly have written records, other than things like the entries in the Nihon Shoki, and those are hardly the most detailed of accounts.  In the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, we see people from Yakushima, which is, along with Tanegashima, one of the largest islands at the northern end of the Ryukyu chain, just before you hit Kagoshima and the Osumi peninsula on the southern tip of Kyushu.  The islands past that would be the Tokara islands, until you hit the large island of Amami. So you can see how it would make sense that the people from “Tokara” would make sense to be from the area between Yakushima and Amami, and in many ways this explanation seems too good to be true.  There are a only a few things that make this a bit peculiar. First, this doesn't really explain the woman from “Sha'e” in any compelling way that I can see.  Second, the name, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna doesn't seem to fit with what we generally know about early Japonic names, and the modern Ryukyuan language certainly is a Japonic language, but there are still plenty of possible explanations.  There is also the connection of Tokara with “Tokan”, which is mentioned in an entry in 699 in the Shoku Nihongi, the Chronicle that follows on, quite literally to the Nihon Shoki.  Why would they call it “Tokan” instead of “Tokara” so soon after?  Also, why would these voyagers go back to their country by way of the Tang court?  Unless, of course, that is where they were headed in the first place.  In which case, did the Man from Tukara intentionally leave his wife in Yamato, or was she something of a hostage while they continued on their mission?   And so those are the theories.  The man from “Tukara” could be from Tokhara, or Tokharistan, at the far end of the Silk Road.  Or it could have been referring to the Dvaravati Kingdom, in modern Thailand.  Still, in the end, Occam's razor suggests that the simplest answer is that these were actually individuals from the Tokara islands in the Ryukyuan archipelago.  It is possible that they were from Amami, not that they drifted there.  More likely, a group from Amami drifted ashore in Kyushu as they were trying to find a route to the Tang court, as they claimed.  Instead they found themselves taking a detour to the court of Yamato, instead. And we could have stuck with that story, but I thought that maybe, just maybe, this would be a good time to reflect once again on how connected everything was.  Because even if they weren't from Dvaravati, that Kingdom was still trading with Rome and with the Tang.  And the Tang controlled the majority of the overland silk road through the Tarim basin.  We even know that someone from Tukhara made it to Chang'an, because they were mentioned on a stele that talked about an Asian sect of Christianity, the “Shining Religion”, that was praised and allowed to set up shop in the Tang capital, along with Persian Manicheans and Zoroastrians.  Regardless of where these specific people may have been from, the world was clearly growing only more connected, and prospering, as well. Next episode we'll continue to look at how things were faring between the archipelago and the continent. Until then thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Last time we spoke about the Long March. Amidst escalating conflicts, the Red Army, led by the newly empowered Mao Zedong, faced immense pressures from the Nationalist Army. Struggling through defeats and dwindling forces, they devised a bold retreat known as the Long March. Starting in October 1934, they evaded encirclement and crossed treacherous terrain, enduring heavy losses. Despite dire circumstances, their resilience allowed them to regroup, learn from past missteps, and ultimately strengthen their strategy, securing Mao's leadership and setting the stage for future successes against the KMT. During the Long March (1934-1936), the Red Army skillfully maneuvered through treacherous terrain, evading the pursuing National Revolutionary Army. Despite harsh conditions and dwindling numbers, advances and strategic ploys allowed them to cross critical rivers and unite with reinforcements. Under Mao Zedong's leadership, they faced internal struggles but ultimately preserved their unity. By journey's end, they had transformed into a formidable force, setting the stage for future victories against their adversaries and solidifying their influence in China.   #131 The Complicated Story about Xinjiang Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. I've said probably too many times, but theres one last major series of events I'd like to cover before we jump into the beginning of the 15 year war between China and Japan. When I say Xinjiang I imagine there are two responses from you in the audience, 1) what the hell is Xinjiang or number 2) oh what about that place in northwest China. That pretty much sums it up, the history of this province, or region if you want to call it that is almost never spoken about. It was a place as we have seen multiple times in the series, where conflicts come and go like the weather. But in the 1930's things really heated up. What I want to talk about is collectively part of the Xinjiang Wars, but more specifically I want to talk about the Kumul Rebellion. There's really no way to jump right into this one so I am going to have to explain a bit about the history of Xinjiang.  Xinjiang in a political sense is part of China and has been the cornerstone of China's strength and prestige going back to the Han dynasty over 2000 years ago. In a cultural sense however, Xinjiang is more inline with the Muslim dominated middle-east. It's closer to th Turkic and Iranian speaking peoples of Central Asia. From a geographical point of view Xinjiang is very much on the periphery. It is very isolated from western asia by the massed ranks of the Hindu Kush, the Pamirs, the Tien Shan, the Indian Subcontinent of Karakoram, Kunlun, the Himalaya ranges and of course by the Gobi desert. It neither belongs to the east or west. As a province of China its the largest and most sparsely populated. It can be divided into two main regions, the Tarim Basin and Zungharia and then into two lesser but economically significant regions, the Ili Valley and Turgan Depression. The Tien Shan mountain range extends roughly eastward from the Pamir Massif, creating a formidable barrier between Zungharia and the Tarim Basin. This natural obstacle complicates direct communication between the two regions, particularly during winter. The Ili Valley, separated from Zungharia by a northern extension of the Tien Shan, is physically isolated from the rest of the province and can only be easily accessed from the west. This western area came under Russian control in the mid-nineteenth century and now forms part of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Now it has to be acknowledged, since the formation of the PRC in 1949, Xinjiang changed in size and ethnic composition. The CCP drove a massive Han migrant wave over. Regardless, Han's make up a minority and according to some population statistics taken during the 1940s, Xinjiang was dominated by 7 Muslim nationalities, roughly 3.5 million people out of a total population of 3.7 million. 200,000 of these were Han settlers, while 75,000-100,000 were Mongols, Russians, Tunguzic peoples (those being Sibo, Solon and Manchu), a few Tibetans, Afghans and Indians. Among the various indigenous Muslim nationalities of Xinjiang, the Uighurs stand out as the most numerous and politically important. This Turkic-speaking group primarily consists of sedentary agriculturalists who reside in the oases of the Tarim Basin, Turfan, Kumul, and the fertile lowlands of the Hi Valley. In the late 1940s, the Uyghur population in Xinjiang was estimated to be approximately 2,941,000. Following the Uyghurs, the second-largest Muslim nationality in the region is the Kazakhs, with an estimated population of around 319,000 during the late Republican Period. Kirghiz come in third, with an estimated population of about 65,000 at the same time. Both the Kazakhs and Kirghiz in Xinjiang are nomadic Turkic-speaking peoples, with the Kazakhs primarily found in the highland areas of Zungharia and the Hi Valley, while the Kirghiz inhabit the upland pastures of the Tien Shan and Pamirs. There also exist a small group of Iranian-speaking 'Mountain' Tajiks living in the upland Sarikol region in the far southwest, with an estimated population of 9,000 in the mid-1940s; a primarily urban group of Uzbeks residing in larger oasis towns and cities of the Tarim Basin, numbering approximately 8,000 in the mid-1940s; and a smaller group of Tatars settled mainly in Urumqi and the townships near the Xinjiang-Soviet border, estimated at 5,000 during the same period. Lastly, it is important to mention the Hui, a group of Chinese-speaking Muslims dispersed throughout China, particularly in Zungharia and Kumul within Xinjiang, as well as in the neighboring northwestern provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia. Known as 'Tungan' in Xinjiang, the Hui population was estimated at around 92,000 in the mid-1940s and held significant political and military influence during the Republican Period. Excluding the Ismaili Tajik's of Sarikol, the Muslim population of Xinjiang, whether Turkic or Chinese speaking, are Sunni following the orthodox of Hanafi Madhhab.  As for the non Muslim population, excluding the Mongols who numbered roughly 63,000 and inhabit a narrow strip of land along the northeastern frontier between Xinjiang and the Mongolian People's Republic, Tien Shan, Ili Vally and Chuguchak, most were newcomers, migrants from the mid 18th century while the region was being conquered. Again according to the same statistics from the 1940s I mentioned, Hans represented 3-4 % of the population. Although the Han population disproportionately held power with the main administrative areas, they had no sizable territorial enclaves. The Han population can basically be divided into 5 groups; descendants of exiled criminals and political offenders; Hunanese settlers who came over after Zuo Zungtang's conquests; Tientsin merchants who were supplying Zuo's army; Shanxi caravaneers who came to trade and Gansu colonists. Lastly there were the Tunguzic Peoples and Russians. The Tunguzic speaking Sibo, Solon and Manchu settled mostly in the Ili region. The Russians also tended to live in the Ili region. These were mostly White Russian refugees from the civil war.  Xinjiang's first Republican governor was Yang Zengxin, a Yunnanese native. He had previously worked as the district magistrate in Gansu and Ningxia earning a reputation as a good manager of the local Tungan Muslim population. In 1908 he was transferred to Xinjiang and quickly found himself promoted to by the last Qing governor of Xinjiang. He held out his post after the Xinhai revolution and quelled a Urumqi rebellion soon after. Yang Zengxin's survived politically by always siding with whichever faction he thought was winning. For example in 1917, President Li Yuanghong dispatched Fan Yaonan to watch over Yang and try to replace him if possible. Yang recognized quickly whichever Warlord faction held power over the Beiyang government should be courted. Thus Yang held out for a long time and his province was comparably peaceful compared to most of warlord era China. To maintain his power, Yang enacted a divide and rule style, trying to placate the conflicts between certain groups within Xinjiang, but made sure to exclude Russian influence. Basically Yang tried his best to keep groups who could come into conflict away from each other, keeping the Uyghurs of southern Xinjiang away from the pastoral nomads of Zungharia and Tien Shan. Above all Yang considered the Bolshevik Russians to be the greatest threat to his regime, in his words “The Russians ... aimed at ... isolating the country from all outside influence, and at maintaining it in a state of medieval stagnation, thus removing any possibility of conscious and organised national resistance. As their religious and educational policy, the Russian administrators sought to preserve the archaic form of Islam and Islamic culture. . . Quranic schools of the most conservative type were favoured and protected against any modernist influence”. During his 16 year of power, Yang established himself as a competent autocrat, a mandarin of the old school and quite the capable administrator. Yet his economic policies were long term exploitative causing hardship and exhausting the province. Yang realized he was reached the threshold of what the population was willing to endure and endeavored to allow corruption to emerge within his administration provided it remained within acceptable limits. IE: did not spring forward a Muslim revolution. He opened junior positions in the administration to Muslims which had a duel effect. It made the Muslim community feel like they were part of greater things, but placed said officials in the path of the populations anger, insulating senior Han officials. Ironically it would be his fellow Han Chinese officials who would become angry with him. Some were simply ambitious of his power, others felt that Xinjiang should be more closely inline with China proper.  Rumors have it that after a dinnr party, Yang deliberately surrounded himself with opium addicts, stating to his subordinates “the inveterate opium smoker thinks more of his own comfort and convenience than of stirring up unrest among his subordinates”. Needless to say, Yang later years saw him seriously alienating senior officials. By 1926 he claimed “to have created an earthly paradise in a remote region” so he seemed to be quite full of himself. That same year he turned against his Tungan subordinates. He accused many of conspiring with Ma Qi, a Tungan warlord of Xuning in Qinghai, whom he also thought were driven by Urumqi. Deprived of his formerly loyal Tungans, Yang found himself increasingly isolated. A expedition was sent to Urumqi in 1926, whr G. N Roerich noted “The Governor's residence consisted of several well-isolated buildings and enclosed courtyards. The gates were carefully guarded by patrols of heavily armed men ... The Governor's yamen seemed to us to be in a very dilapidated condition. The glass in many of the windows on the ground floor was broken and dirty papers and rags had been pasted on the window frames. Numerous retainers roamed about the courtyards and villainous bodyguards, armed with mauser pistols, were on duty at the entrance to the yamen.” It seems likely Yang had decided to leave Xinjiang at that point. He had amassed a immense personal fortune and sent much of it to his family in China proper and also to Manila where he had a bank account. Further evidence of this was provided by Mildred Cable and Francesca French, two members of the China inland Mission who reported 'Wise old Governor Yang ... as early as 1926 ... quietly arranged a way of escape for his family and for the transference of his wealth to the security of the British Concession in Tientsin. Later in the same year, accompanied by several 'luggage cases of valuables', Yang's eldest son was sent out of Sinkiang, travelling incognito, in the company of these missionaries”. It was also at this time Yang erectd a statue of himself in th public gardens at Urumqi. According to Nicholas Roerich, this memorial was paid for with forced contributions 'from the grateful population'; by all accounts the statue was in execrable taste . While the NRA was marching upon Beijing in June of 1928, Yang ordered the KMT flag to be raised in Xinjiang. This gesture indicated to all, Yang was about to depart the province. One of Yang's most dissident subordinates, a Han named Fan Yaonan decided to act. Fan Yaonan was an ambitious modernist who received his education in Japan and someone Yang distruste from day one. Fan was appointed the post of Taoyin of Aksu by the Beijing government, an appointment Yang could have easily ingored, but was grudgingly impressd by Fans abilities. Fan proved himself very useful to Yang and was soon promoted to the Taoyin of Urumqi alongside becoming the Xinjiang Provincial Commissioner for Foreign Affairs. It seems Fan and Yang mutually disliked each other. At some point in 1926 Fan got together with a small group of like minded officials, such as the engineer at Urumqi's telegraph station and the Dean of the local school of Law, and Fan told them he wanted to assasinate Yang. Some believe Fan sought to gain favor with the KMT as motivation. Regardless on July 7th of 1928, 6 days after Yang took the post of Chairman of the Xinjiang Provincial Government under the KMT, Fan attacked. On that day, Yang was invited to a banquet to celebrate a graduation ceremony at the Urumqi law school. Fan had arranged the banquet, with 18 soldiers present, disguised as waiters wearing “red bands around their arms and Browning pistols in their sleeves”. During the meal, Fan proposed a toast to the health of Yang at which time “shots rang outsimultaneously, all aimed at the Governor. Seven bulletsin all were fired, and all reached their mark. Yang, mortally wounded, but superb in death, glared an angry defiance at his foes, 'who dares do this?' he questioned in the loud voice which had commanded instant obedience for so many years. Then he fell slowly forward, his last glance resting upon the face of the trusted Yen, as though to ask forgiveness that he had not listened to the advice so often given to him”. According to Yan Tingshan who was also wounded, Fan Yaonan finished Yang Zengxin off with two shots personally. After the assassination, whereupon 16 people were killed or wounded, Fan went to Yang official residence and seized the seals of office. He then sent a letter summonig Jin Shujen, the Commissioner for Civil Affairs in Xinjiang and Yang's second in command. Jin called Fan's bluff and refusing to come, instead sending soldiers to arrest the assassin. It seems Fan greatly miscalculated his personal support as a short gun battle broke out and he was arrested by Jin and shortly thereafter executed with his complices on July 8th. And thus, Jin Shujen found himself succeeding Yang, a less able man to the job. Jin Shujen was a Han Chinese from Gansu. He graduated from the Gansu provincial academy and served for a time as the Principal of a Provincial normal school. He then entered the Imperial Civil Service, where he came to the attention of Yang, then working as the district Magistrate at Hozhou. Yang took him on as district magistrate and Jin rose through the ranks. By 1927 Jin became the Provincial Commissioner for Civil Affairs at Urumqi. After executing Fan, Jin sent a telegram to Nanjing seeking the KMT's official recognition of his new role. Nanjing had no real options, it was fait accompli, they confirmed Jin into office and under the new KMT terminology he was appointed Provincial Chairman and commander-in-chief. In other words an official warlord.  Following his seizure of power, Jin immediately took steps to secure his newfound power. His first step was to double the salaries of the secret police and army. He also expanded the military and acquired new weaponry for them. Politically, Jin maintained the same old Qing policies Yang did, pretty much unchanged. Jin did however replace many of the Yunnanese followers under Yang with Han CHinese from Gansu. Jins younger brother, Jin Shuxin was appointed Provincial Commissioner for military affairs at Urumqi and his other brother Jin Shuqi was given the senior military post at Kashgar. His personal bodyguard member Zu Chaoqi was promoted to Brigade Commander at Urumqi. Jin maintained and expanded upon Yang's system of internal surveillance and censorship, like any good dictator would. According to H. French Ridley of the China Inland Mission at Urumqi “people were executed for 'merely making indiscreet remarks in the street during ordinary conversation”. Jin also introduced a system of internal passports so that any journey performing with Xinjiang required an official passport validation by the Provincial Chairman's personal seal, tightening his security grip and of course increasing his official revenue. Travel outside Xinjiang became nearly impossible, especially for Han officials and merchants seeking trade with China proper.  Under Jin Xinjiang's economy deteriorated while his fortune accumulated. Yang had introduced an unbacked paper currency that obviously fell victim to inflation and Jin upted the anty. Within a process of several stages, he expanded the currency, causing further inflation. Under Yang the land taxes had been a serious source of the provincial revenue, but Yang was not foolish enough to squeeze the Turkic peasantry too hard, he certainly was intelligent enough to thwart peasant revolts. Jin however, not so smart, he tossed caution to the win and doubled the land taxes, way past what would be considered the legal amount. Jin also emulated Ma Fuxiang, by establishing government monopolies over various profitable enterprises, notably the gold mine at Keriya and Jade mine at Khotan. He also monopolized the wool and pelt industry, using his police and army to force the sale of lambskins at a mere 10% of their market value. Just as with Yang's regime, wealth flowed out of the province in a continuous stream, straight into banks within China proper. According to George Vasel, a German engineer and Nazi agent hired to construct airfields in Gansu during the early 1930s, he knew a German pilot named Rathje who was secretly employed by Jin to fly a million dollars worth of gold bullion from Urumqi to Beijing. Jin did his best to keep all foreign influence out of Xinjiang and this extended also to KMT officials from China proper. Jin also of course did his best to conceal his corrupt regime from Nanjing. For all intensive purposes Jin treated Xinjiang like a feudal, medieval society. He tried to limit external trade to only be through long distance caravans. All was fine and dandy until Feng Yuxiang occupied Gansu and thus disrupted the traditional trade routes. Alongside this the Soviets had just constructed a new railroad linking Frunze, the capital of Kirghiz with Semipalatinsk in western siberia. This railroad known as the Turksib was aimed primarily to develop western Turkstan, integrating it within the new soviet system. The railroad was constructed 400 miles away from the Xinjiang frontier, on purpose to limit any activities with capitalists. When the railway was completed in 1930 it virtually strangled Xinjiang. China's share of Xinjiang's market dropped by 13% and the value of trade with the Soviets which had dropped to zero since the Russian civil war was not rising past 32 million roubles by 1930. The Soviet trade gradually was seizing a monopoly over Xinjiang and this of course affected the merchants and workers who were unable to compete. The revenue of the merchants and workers declined as new taxes were levied against them. Meanwhile alongside an increase in Soviet trade, the new railway also increased Soviet political influence over Xinjiang. It was also much faster and easier to travel from China proper to Xinjiang via Vladivostok, the trans-siberian railway and Turksib than across the North-West roads of China. For the Turkic speaking Muslims of Xinjiang, it was quite impressive and many wanted to do business and mingle with the Soviets. However to do so required a visa, and thus KMT officials in Nanjing held the keys. Jin's policies towards the Turkic Muslims, Tungans and Mongols were extremely poor from the very beginning. It seems Jin held prejudice against Muslims, some citing bad experiences with them in Gansu. Whatever the case may be, Jin rapidly antagonized both his Turkic speaking and Tungan Muslim citizens by introducing a tax on the butchering of all animals in Xinjiang and forbidding Muslims to perform the Hajj to Mecca. Some point out he did that second part to thwart a loophole on leaving Xinjiang for trade. Obviously the Muslim majority of Xinjiang and the military powerhouse of Torgut Mongols in the Tien Shan bitterly resented Jin. Despite wide scale hostility against him, the first challenges at his autocratic rule came not from various minority groups, but some ambitious Han officers under his command. Palpatin would say it was ironic.  In May of 1929 the Taoyin of Altai attempted a coup against Jin, but he was forewarned and able to confine the fighting to the Shara Sume area. In the spring of 1931 troubles broke out in Urumqi as discontented Han officers and soldiers attacked Jin's yamen. The attack failed, and the instigators of the plot were all executed. The same year, Jin annexed the Kumul Khanate, known to the Chinese as Hami, finally pushing the Turkic speaking Muslims into open rebellion. Going back in time, after Zuo Zengtangs reconquest of Xinjiang in the 1870s, a few local principalities were permitted to survive on a semi-autonomous basis. Of these Kumul was the most important and was ruled by a royal family dating back to the Ming Dynasty and descended from the Chaghatay Khans. The Khanate of Kumul dominated the chief road from Xinjiang to China proper and was therefore of strategic importance to the Chinese. It extended from Iwanquan northwards to the Barkul Tagh and along the mountains to Bai and south to Xingxingxia along the Xinjiang-Gansu border. During the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, Maqsud Shah was sitting on the throne of Kumul. He was known to the Chinese as the Hami Wang, to his subjects as Khan Maqsud or Sultan Maqsud and to Europeans as the King of the Gobi. He was the last independent Khan of Central Asia as the rest were tossing their lot in with the progress of the times. During Yangs regime he was content with allowing Kumul to train its semi autonomous status, mostly because Maqsud Shah was very friendly towards the Chinese. He spoke Turkic with a marked Chinese accent and wore Chinese clothes. On the other hand he had a long whit beard and always wore a turban or Uyghur cap. He was a staunch Muslim ruling a petty oasis kingdom from an ancient and ramshackle palace in Kumul proper, one of three towns making up the capital of Kumul, known to the Chinese as Huicheng. He had a bodyguard consisting of 40 Chinese soldiers armed with mausers and had a Chinese garrison billeted in fortified Chinese town. The third city in his domain was known as New City or Xincheng, populated by a mix of Chinese and Turkic peoples. By 1928, shortly after the assassination of Yang, it was estimated Maqsud Shah ruled over roughly 25,000-30,000 Kumulliks. He was responsible for levying taxes, dispensing justice and so forth. His administration rested upon 21 Begs, 4 of whom were responsible for Kumul itself, 5 others over plains villages and the other 12 over mountain regions of Barkul and Karlik Tagh. Maqsud Shah also maintained a Uyghur militia who had a reputation as being better trained than its Chinese counterpart at Old City. Throughout Yangs regime, Kumul remained relatively peaceful and prosperous. Maqsud Shah paid a small annual tribute to Urumqi and in return the Xinjiang government paid him a formal subsidy of 1200 silver taels a year. Basically this was Yang paying for the Sultans compliance when it came to moving through his strategic Khanate. For the Uyghurs of Kumul, they were free from the typical persecution under Chinese officials. The only tax paid by citizens of Kumul was in livestock, generally sheep or goats, given annually to the Khan. The soil of the oasis was rich and well cultivated. Everything was pretty fine and dandy under Yang, but now was the time of Jin. In March of 1930, Maqsud Shah died of old age. His eldest son Nasir should have inherited the throne of Kumul, but Jin and his Han subordinates stationed in Kumul Old City had other plans. Shortly after Maqsud Shah's death, Nasir traveled to Urumqi, most likely to legitimize his rise upon the throne. Nasir was not very popular amongst his people, thus it seemed he needed Jin's aid to bolster him. However there also was the story that it was Jin who ordered Nasir to come to Urumqi to perform a formal submission. Now at the time of Maqsud Shah's death, Li Xizeng, a Han Chinese divisional commander stationed in Kumul suggested to Jin that the Khanate should be abolished and annexed officially. There was of course a great rationale for this, if Jin took control over Kumul it would offer increased revenue and new positions for his Han Chinese officials. Thus Jin ordered a resolution be drawn up by his ministers to abolish the Khanate, dividing Kumul into three separate administrative districts, Hami centered around the capital, I-ho and I-wu. When Nasir arrived in Urumqi he was given the new position of Senior Advisor to the provincial government, but forbidden to return to Kumul. Basically it was the age old government via hostage taking. Meanwhile another official named Yulbars was sent back to Kumul with a group of Chinese officials to set up the new administration.  While the people of Kumul had no love for Nasir and were taxed pretty heavily by his father, this did not mean that they wanted the Khanate to end. For the Turkic Muslims the Khanate held a religious significance. For Uyghurs there was a question of national pride associated with it. Of course there were economic issues. Within Xinjiang Han were allowed to settle, but in the Khanate there were restrictions. In the words of the Nanjing Wu Aichen on the situation “subject peoples obstinately prefer self-government to good government”. Well Jin's government was definitely not good, so what outcome does that give? The newly appointed Han administration upset the people of Kumul from the very minute of its installation. When it was announced the privilege of being except from direct taxation by Urumqi was to be abolished, ompf. To add insult to injury, one years arrears of taxes were to be collected from the Uyghurs. On top of that, Kumul was tossed wide open to Han settlers who were incentivized to settle by giving them a tax exemption for two years. Yeah that be some wild policies. To add even more misery, Kumul being situated on the chief road from northwestern Gansu to Xinjiang saw an enormous flow of refugees from famine and warfare going on in Gansu. A column of these refugees were seen by Berger Bohlin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition of 1931. His account is as follows “During my stay at Hua-hai-tze I witnessed a curious spectacle. The Chen-fan region had for a number of years been visited by failure of the crops and famine, and large numbers of people therefore emigrated to more prosperous tracts. Such an emigration-wave now passed Hua-hai-tze. It consisted of a caravan of 100 camels, transporting 150 persons with all their baggage to Sinkiang, where it was said that land was being thrown open”. It seemed to Bohlin that the refugees looked carefree and happy and that the ruler of Xinjiang, Jin Shujen, a Gansu man himself was enthusiastic to have them come settle his province. Jin had his official in charge of I-ho district Lung Xulin provide land for the would-be settlers coming from Gansu. Lung Xulin responded by forcing his Uyghur population to leave their cultivated land and simply handed it over to the refugees. The expropriated Uyghurs were compensated for their land by being given untilled lands on the fringe of the desert where most soil was barren. The Uyghurs were also assessed for their land tax based on their old holdings. To make this even worse hear this, untilled land was exempt from taxation for two years, so they didn't even get that, while the Gansu refugees were excused from tax payments for three years. So yeah the Kumul people quickly organized a petition and sent it to the yamen in Urumqi. There was zero acknowledgement from the yamen it was received and nothing was done to address the long list of grievances, especially from the Uyghurs. Instead the Gansu settlers kept flooding in and with them the price of food skyrocketed, largely because of the enormous amount of provincial troops sent in to watch over everybody. Now for the moment the Turkic speaking Muslims in the region remained relatively peaceful, and this perhaps lulled Jin into a false sense of security. But according to Sven Hedin of the Sino-Swedish Expedition “Discontent increased; the people clenched their teeth and bided their time; the atmosphere was tense and gloomy. Inflammable matter accumulated, and only a spark was needed to fire the powder magazine.”  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The history of Xinjiang is unbelievably bizarre, complicated and quite frankly really fun. Before researching this I had no idea about anything and am really enjoying this as I write it. The next episode is going to be on the Kumul Rebellion, so buckle up buckaroo. 

Tonight in This Week in Prepping we look at the worsening crisis in Haiti, Living Off Grid in NYC, Words you shouldn't google and a bunch more. New youtube channel for the podcast https://www.youtube.com/@workshopradio Tonights Show Notes https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/airlines-cancel-flights-to-haiti-after-gunfire-hits-spirit-airplane-over-port-au-prince-1.7105990 https://www.newser.com/story/359078/is-it-possible-to-go-off-the-grid-in-nyc-he-says-yes.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2024/11/12/new-chrome-safari-firefox-warning-do-not-google-these-words/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Kunlun_earthquake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachin_meeting https://mybigplunge.com/culture/hollywood/ridley-scott-and-paul-mescal-reunite-for-post-apocalyptic-thriller-the-dog-stars/#google_vignette https://gamerant.com/mike-flanagan-producing-post-apocalyptic-zombie-horror-movie/ https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/escape-from-ny-bluray-4k https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/scotiabank-to-eliminate-tellers-at-some-branches-including-carleton-university-1.7097510 https://www.reddit.com/r/preppers/comments/1gn8yjk/based_on_the_news_out_of_fema_those_that_include/ https://www.iphoneincanada.ca/2024/11/09/apples-new-iphone-reboot-feature-shakes-up-police-access/ https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2118810/what-the-federal-ban-on-tiktoks-canadian-operations-means-for-you https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/cybersecurity-issue-leads-bare-shelves-some-massachusetts-grocery-stores/DBL5SC62YNB5ZID5MIGT62P4CA/ https://newsroom.harborfreight.com/power-stations/2024/11/harbor-freight-unveils-new-predator-portable-power-stations-and-solar-panels-at-sema/?amp=1 https://newsroom.harborfreight.com/product/generators-engines/2024/11/harbor-freight-previews-new-predator-super-quiet-inverter-generators-at-sema/?amp=1 CONNECT WITH ME http://www.patchofthemonth.co/ PATCH OF THE MONTH CLUB http://toolmantim.co/ WEBSITE http://toolmantim.shop/ AMAZON AFFILIATE https://c3c5a9.myshopify.com/ MERCH http://www.youtube.com/c/toolmantimsworkshop/ YT https://rumble.com/c/ToolmanTimsWorkshop RUMBLE http://www.facebook.com/toolmantimsworkshop/ - FB http://www.instagram.com/toolmantimsworkshop – IG http://t.me/toolmantimsworkshop TELEGRAM http://www.tiktok.com/@toolmantimsworkshop TIKTOK https://www.empshield.com/link/cmz0bp0/ Save $50 on EMP Shield Mailing Address If you have anything interesting tool related you'd like to send my way, for review or just because, use the address below. U.S.A. Mailing address Toolman Tim Cook 102 Central Ave Ste 10699 Sweet Grass, MT 59484 CANADIAN Mailing Address ‘Toolman Tim' P.O. Box 874 Provost, Alberta T0B3S0 Canada As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases Opus.Pro https://www.opus.pro/?via=toolmantimsworkhsop StreamYard https://streamyard.com/pal/c/5780333750648832 TubeBuddy https://www.tubebuddy.com/pricing?a=Toolman

Tonight in This Week in Prepping we look at the worsening crisis in Haiti, Living Off Grid in NYC, Words you shouldn't google and a bunch more. New youtube channel for the podcast https://www.youtube.com/@workshopradio Tonights Show Notes https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/airlines-cancel-flights-to-haiti-after-gunfire-hits-spirit-airplane-over-port-au-prince-1.7105990 https://www.newser.com/story/359078/is-it-possible-to-go-off-the-grid-in-nyc-he-says-yes.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2024/11/12/new-chrome-safari-firefox-warning-do-not-google-these-words/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Kunlun_earthquake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachin_meeting https://mybigplunge.com/culture/hollywood/ridley-scott-and-paul-mescal-reunite-for-post-apocalyptic-thriller-the-dog-stars/#google_vignette https://gamerant.com/mike-flanagan-producing-post-apocalyptic-zombie-horror-movie/ https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/escape-from-ny-bluray-4k https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/scotiabank-to-eliminate-tellers-at-some-branches-including-carleton-university-1.7097510 https://www.reddit.com/r/preppers/comments/1gn8yjk/based_on_the_news_out_of_fema_those_that_include/ https://www.iphoneincanada.ca/2024/11/09/apples-new-iphone-reboot-feature-shakes-up-police-access/ https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/2118810/what-the-federal-ban-on-tiktoks-canadian-operations-means-for-you https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/cybersecurity-issue-leads-bare-shelves-some-massachusetts-grocery-stores/DBL5SC62YNB5ZID5MIGT62P4CA/ https://newsroom.harborfreight.com/power-stations/2024/11/harbor-freight-unveils-new-predator-portable-power-stations-and-solar-panels-at-sema/?amp=1 https://newsroom.harborfreight.com/product/generators-engines/2024/11/harbor-freight-previews-new-predator-super-quiet-inverter-generators-at-sema/?amp=1 CONNECT WITH ME http://www.patchofthemonth.co/ PATCH OF THE MONTH CLUB http://toolmantim.co/ WEBSITE http://toolmantim.shop/ AMAZON AFFILIATE https://c3c5a9.myshopify.com/ MERCH http://www.youtube.com/c/toolmantimsworkshop/ YT https://rumble.com/c/ToolmanTimsWorkshop RUMBLE http://www.facebook.com/toolmantimsworkshop/ - FB http://www.instagram.com/toolmantimsworkshop – IG http://t.me/toolmantimsworkshop TELEGRAM http://www.tiktok.com/@toolmantimsworkshop TIKTOK https://www.empshield.com/link/cmz0bp0/ Save $50 on EMP Shield Mailing Address If you have anything interesting tool related you'd like to send my way, for review or just because, use the address below. U.S.A. Mailing address Toolman Tim Cook 102 Central Ave Ste 10699 Sweet Grass, MT 59484 CANADIAN Mailing Address ‘Toolman Tim' P.O. Box 874 Provost, Alberta T0B3S0 Canada As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases Opus.Pro https://www.opus.pro/?via=toolmantimsworkhsop StreamYard https://streamyard.com/pal/c/5780333750648832 TubeBuddy https://www.tubebuddy.com/pricing?a=Toolman

Last time we spoke about the first Encirclement Campaign against the CCP. Amidst ongoing attacks, the communist movement thrived in rural Jiangxi, even as urban support dwindled. Li Lisan championed urban uprisings, opposing Mao Zedong's focus on rural encirclement. Failed assaults on Nanchang and Changsha highlighted their discord. The Red Army's strategy shifted after capturing Ji'an, bolstered by peasant support. As the NRA prepared an encirclement, Mao proposed luring them deep before striking. Internal strife peaked with the Futian Incident, leading to a purge that solidified Mao's power but weakened the Red Army's defenses. Amidst internal strife, the NRA launched attacks on the Reds but faced fierce resistance. Lu Diping's forces encircled Donggu, leading to heavy losses as artillery mistakenly struck their own troops. The Reds capitalized on local support and guerrilla tactics, inflicting significant defeats on the NRA in Longgang and Dongshao. Despite Chiang Kai-Shek's attempts to reclaim territory, the Reds successfully executed a series of ambushes and strategic retreats. By the end of the campaign, the Jiangxi Soviet expanded significantly, validating Mao's strategies and shifting public favor towards the communists.   #124 Sino-Tibetan War of 1930–1932 Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. For those who know their Sino history, we are drawing close to the year of 1931. This is arguably the year WW2 actually began, some of you might be confused by that statement, but I assure you mainland Chinese would argue this point very much. Once we breach that door its going to be a very long time before we can talk about the multiple other things going on in China. For example, a lot happens in China's northwest. So I thought it would be best to tackle some of that before we jump into the 15 year China War. Do forgive me for being a tease. So the first thing I wanted to talk about is the Second Sino-Tibetan War of 1930-1932. Now this is a huge can of worms as they say and to truly understand it we need to cover a lot of history. There has always been conflict between whatever we consider historically China and Tibet. Historians have often broken things down into three major conflicts during the early 20th century that led directly to the second Sino-Tibetan War. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the 13th Dalai Lama closely monitored the political changes in mainland China and the situation of the central government's officials and military stationed in Tibet, preparing to organize Tibetan forces and initiate an anti-Han Incident movement. In March 1912, the Dalai Lama issued a "Public Letter" through the Ganden Palace via the Kashag. The Kashag was the governing council of Tibet during the rule of the Qing  all the way to the 1950s. Following the release of this letter, the 13th Dalai Lama immediately formed a "Tibetan People's Army" of over ten thousand troops, deciding to use force to expel the Sichuanese army. The Tibetan forces first dealt with the Sichuan troops stationed in Yadong, Jiangzi, and Shigatse, and then besieged the Sichuan troops in Lhasa. Fearing being attacked from both within and outside, the Tibetan forces hastened to eliminate the Sichuan troops already within Tibet. The local Tibetan authorities also initiated an offensive against the region known as the Kham in the west of Sichuan. After 1939 this would be called Xikang, so to make things easier I will refer to it as such. The extensive eastward expansion of the Tibetan army shocked the entire nation, prompting military and political figures from Sichuan, Yunnan, and other areas to issue telegrams or contact the central government, demanding military action to quell the unrest and stabilize Tibet. In response to the chaotic situation in Tibet and Xikang, the Yuan Shikai government adopted a strategy of sending troops to suppress it. On May 25, 1912, Yuan Shikai issued an order for a westward expedition, and on June 14, the Beiyang government directed Governor of Sichuan,Yin Changheng to lead the troops westward. On July 10  Yin Changheng led 2,500 Sichuan troops westward from Chengdu. At the same time, Cai E also dispatched Yunnanese troops northward to meet the Sichuan army in Tibet. In August, the Sichuan army split into two routes: the southern route led by Zhu Senlin attacked Hekou, modern day Yajiang and Litang, defeating the Tibetan troops and capturing the key strongholds of Maguizong, Jianzibay, and Xie Luoluo, subsequently laying siege to Litang; the northern route was led by Liu Ruilin, who provided assistance to Chengdu and Batang. Meanwhile, the Yunnanese troops entered Tibet via the Nu River, capturing the gateway of Yanjing in northern Yunnan. At the end of August, Liu Ruilin attacked the eastern Tibetan stronghold of Chengdu. On September 3, Zhu Senlin's forces captured Litang and recaptured Gongjue, Sanyan, and Tongpu; shortly thereafter, the areas of Zhanhua, Baiyu, Daocheng, Xiangcheng, and Zha Ya also surrendered. On September 16, the western expeditionary army advanced westward from Chengdu, attacking Jiangda. By the end of September, the western expeditionary army had recovered all territories belonging to the late Qing dynasty's Sichuan-Yunnan border affairs department, except for the counties of Kema and Chayu in the southern route, and Dingqing represented by roughly 39 clans, Shobanduo, Lari, and Jiangda in the northern route.  On September 12, the Beijing government ordered the change of Jiangda in Tibet to Taizhou Prefecture, Lari to Jiali Prefecture, and Shobanduo to Shodu Prefecture. On the 25th, Yin Changheng was appointed as the pacification envoy at the Sichuan border, overseeing the Xikang region, which was divided into the eastern and western border areas, governing the six prefectures of Kangding, Lihua, Ba'an, Dengke, Chengdu, and Jiahe, as well as the two states of Dehua and Ganzi. Just as the western expeditionary army was achieving victory and preparing to enter Tibet from Kangding, the British colonial authorities publicly intervened, trying to prevent the expeditionary army from entering Tibet. Under British pressure, Yuan Shikai was forced to order the Sichuan and Yunnan armies to delay their advance, effectively halting their progress at the Nu River line. At the same time, the Beiyang government's policy towards Tibet shifted from suppression to pacification. Although the Sichuan and Yunnan armies ceased their military actions against Tibet, the significance of the western expedition was profound, as it enabled the central government to basically recover Xikang and played a significant role in curbing the British colonizers and Tibetan separatist forces, preventing Tibet from repeating the fate of Outer Mongolia. Thus ended the first period of conflict. What proceeded was known as the Simla Convention, we actually covered that event in some detail a long time ago in this series. More or less the convention divided Tibet into Outer and Inner Tibet, which also were referred to as U-Tsang and western Kham, ie: Xikang. With the support and assistance of Britain, the Tibetan local government gathered troops in Eastern Tibet to confront the Sichuan army, aiming to use military force to advance the control area of the Tibetan government to Dajianlu. In September 1917, two Tibetan soldiers from the Lhoka area invaded the Sichuan army's defense zone and were captured and sent to Chengdu by the border troops. After questioning by Commander Peng Risheng, it was made clear that the captured Tibetans would have to be detained. Tibet sent a letter to negotiate, requesting the return of the captured Tibetans, to be handled by Tibetan officials. Peng, without assessing the situation, executed the captured individuals and sent their heads back, which obviously infuriated the Tibetans, leading them to mobilize a large force to attack En and Lhoka. The British immediately supplied the Tibetan army with 5,000 quick-firing rifles and 5 million rounds of ammunition to support a large-scale offensive against Enda County and Lhoka. By January 1918, Enda County had fallen, and the counties of Chaya, Ningjing, and Changdu were all under attack from the well-armed Tibetan army. In March, Ningjing County was lost, and the Chengdu garrison, who were quote “surrounded on all sides, though there was plenty of food in the city, had run out of ammunition.” In June, the Tibetan army captured Chengdu, and after accepting Peng Risheng's surrender, advanced rapidly eastward across the Ningjing Mountains and the Jinsha River, capturing the counties of Dege, Dengke, Shiqu, Baiyu, Gongxian, Wucheng, and Ningjing, until they were stopped by fierce fighting from the border troops at Ganzi.  On August 8, 1918, the Dalai Lama expressed his unwillingness to oppose what he called “the Chinese benefactor” but agreed to ceasefire negotiations. On August 21, a ceasefire agreement consisting of thirteen articles was reached in Chengdu among Liu Zanting, a representative of the Sichuan border troops, Jiangbadan, a representative of the Tibetan side, and a representative of the British government. They agreed that the Tibetan army would withdraw from the recently occupied counties of Zhanhua and Ganzi and return them to the Sichuan border, while the remaining occupied counties would be managed by Tibetan officials. They also agreed to a ceasefire for one year starting from October 17, 1918, awaiting a resolution to the Tibetan issue from the central government and the Dalai Lama. This “Thirteen-Article Agreement” effectively recognized the Tibetan army's occupation of the border areas in legal terms. After this, Chengdu and the aforementioned seven counties west of the Jinsha River came under the control of the Tibetan local government. Thus ended the second period of conflict.  Here we come to the year of 1930. Now a lot had occurred during the 1920's. The Beiyang government had tried to maintain the indirect administrative structures of the former Qing Dynasty. In the absence of effective Chinese political control over Tibet, implementation of national policy fell onto regional actors, in this case Fu Zuoyi in Suiyuan and Liu Wenhui in Xikang. Along the Qinghai/Amdo frontier, Sino-Muslim leaders like Ma Bufang projected military authority from the provincial capital of Xining. Now a lot of what we are about to talk about revolves around a place called Yushu. Yushu is a mountainous region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The Tanggula Mountains form the southwestern boundary of Yushu, bordering Tibet. In the largely uninhabitable northwestern region of Yushu, you'll find the renowned Kekexili nature reserve and the railway connecting Xining to Lhasa. The main branch of the Kunlun Mountains, which splits Qinghai province into northern and southern regions, forms Yushu's northern boundary, while a branch of the Kunlun range, the Bayanhar Mountains, defines its northeastern edge. Yushu is the source of three of Asia's major rivers. The northeasternmost section of Yushu drains into the Yellow River as it flows towards Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu. Central and southeastern Yushu give rise to the headwaters of the Mekong and Yangzi, known locally as the Zhaqu and Tongtian rivers. The Qinghai provincial government emphasized the region's prominent topographical features—mountain ranges and river systems. Provincial reports meticulously described the mountain passes that link Yushu to key areas such as Lhasa, Chengdu in Xikang, Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Xining, along with the challenging passes within Yushu. Yushu is a very difficult terrain for communication and transportation, quite the obstacle for governance. The journey between the provincial capital and Yushu totaled over 1620 li, a highway connecting such a path would not be built until 1944. A strong local governance was found in the form of Tibetan tribes known as the 25 peoples of Yushu. Yet the Qinghai provincial government sought to govern the land and those in Xining viewed Yushu as a barbarian region, where pastoral nomadism reigned. They would speak of Yushu as being an endless steppe inhabited by barbaric people who wandered aimlessly. Yushu had a complicated economic geography with monasteries occupying the richest land and concentrating monetary, spiritual, and political power on the local scale and pastoral tribes migrating in the areas in between. The monasteries acted as sites for periodic markets of trade, throughout Yushu. As much as they were Tibetan Buddhist monasteries for religious devotion, they were also landowners with powers of taxation. The hereditary tribal ladders of the 25 peoples of Yushu were thus a secondary network of political and economic authority in Yushu. The pastoral tribes who traversed the borderless region of Yushu, Xikang and Kham confused outsiders. The Beiyang government, as I have said, tried to simply adopt the former Qing policies. For Yushu they were ruling through an indirect system of local headmen. Each tribe determined their title, either company commander or battalion commander and were responsible for bi-annual taxes and periodic military conscription to the government in Xining. One of these tribal leaders, Cai Zuozhen, the leader of the Buqing tribe came from Huangyuan, lying between Xining and the Riyue mountains. His father worked as a translator for the Xining tribute tax collection missions. The 1920's were continuous years of strife, especially between the tribes. No governing body really understood or had any real control over the region. In 1929 Yusuhu became an official county and on August 6th of that year, Ma Qi advocated an 8 point plan for calming her border problems. The plan included reconstructing a civilian government, promoting Tibetan Buddhism, opening more land for agriculture, training troops, establishing factories and mills, improving transportation and securing borders. He sought to implement all of this through the Yushu county government. However in the same year the Civil Affairs Bureau recommended adding 7 new counties some of which would carve chunks out of Yushu. The plan never materialized due to ongoing government difficulties, but remained on the table. In the meantime the government began a provincial level training program for self-government regions within Qinghai. 50 graduates came out of this program, none came from or were sent to Yushu. By the late 1920's the region was being fought over by multiple parties for multiple reasons. There were 3 overarching reasons for why war would break out. Number 1 was because of the border disputes between Tibet and China. The Tibetans claimed areas inhabited by their people in the neighboring provinces of Qinghai and Sichuan were being ruled by warlords with loose connections to the Nanjing government. 2) There was a dispute between the 13th Dalai Lama and 9th Panchen Lama. To clarify the Panchen Lama is second to the Dalai Lama, to be more specific “the Panchen Lama is the reincarnation of Amithaba, the Buddha of Boundless Light, while the Dalai Lama is the reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig in Tibetan), the Buddha of Compassion. Traditionally, each acts as mentor to the other, and plays a key role in identifying the other's reincarnation”. Anyways the 9th Panchen Lama had been exiled and seen to be quite pro Chinese. 3) was the complex disputes of the people in regions like Yushu. Now the catalyst for the war was a chieftain from the town of Beri, which is in Yushu but is in an area claimed by Tibet, but under control of Sichuan. This chieftain whose name I cannot for the life of me find, seized items from the Targye Monastery. It is alleged the 9th Panchen Lama incited this action. The monks of the monastery rallied forces and took back the properties. The chieftain then asked for help from the governor of Sichuan, Liu Wenhui. Liu Wenhui unleashed forces into the area, forcing the Targye monks to ask for help from the Tibetan government who drove his men out. Thus began a series of clashes. The KMT Muslim official Tang Kesan was dispatched to negotiate an end to the conflict. Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, as head of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission, sent a telegram instructing Tang Kesan to break the agreement with Tibet, fearing political rivals in Nanjing were exploiting the situation. In the following years, Tibetan forces launched repeated attacks on Liu Wenhui's troops but were defeated multiple times. In 1932, the Tibetans rallied 6000 troops along the Jinsha river, an area that acted as the boundary between Yushu and Xikang. In response to the Tibetan threat, in March the Qing government established the Qinghai Southern Border Region garrison under Ma Bufang. Two brigades deployed in Yushu; the first brigade was led by Ma Xun and the 2nd by Ma Biao. The Tibetans invaded, but only Ma Biao's men were ready at the border as Ma Xun's were still enroute from the provincial capital. At the time of the attack Ma Biao had one camp of cavalry, alongside some headquarters personnel for a combined total of 400 men. He dispatched his secretary Wang Jiamei to Tibet to try and negotiate a peaceful settlement. It is believe he did this simply to delay the enemy as he immediately telegrammed Ma Bufang for reinforcements, but they would not arrive until mid-june. On March 24th the Tibetans attacked Lesser Surmang, gradually forcing their way into southern Qinghai. After 8 hours of battle, both sides suffered tremendous casualties. During that night within the county seat of Jiegu, Ma Biao convened a conference attended by chieftains, merchants and important town leaders. At the meeting, Ma Biao asserted “our strength is sufficient to protect the lives and property of Yushu's residents. Not only will we resist Tibetan incursions, but in the future we will tie our war horses at the gate of the Tibetan government compound!” However Ma Biao would find it quite difficult to make due on these promises. On March 26th, the Greater Surmang contingent of his forces met 500 Tibetans on the battlefield just southeast of Jiegu. As told to us by Cai Zuozhen “the Tibetans simply overwhelmed the undermanned provincial forces by at least five to one”. They retreated to a camp near Duolongduo where they quickly became surrounded by Tibetan forces. At the same time a detachment of other provincial forces at Lesser Surman, just 30 men were encircled by 100 Tibetans. The provincial forces continuously retreated in the face of an enemy 5-10 times larger than them. The Tibetans methodically seized territory heading north to encircle the county seat of Jiegu. At the same time a contingent of 300 troops from Xikang forded the Tongtian river to attack the monasteries at Labu and Xiewu situated on the two vital thoroughfares heading north to Jiegu. The Tibetans held a strong military position and in one incredible move sweeped and occupied all the areas surrounding Jiegu's southern portion, severing the county seats communication with Xining. Jiegu was the site of Yushu's county government and nominally held the headquarters of the southern Qinghai garrison, thus it was the key holding Xining's position in the southern borderlands. Now outnumbered 10 to 1 by the Tibetans and with their communications severed, the situation for Xining and the Qinghai forces was quite dire. It seemed likely the Tibetans would shut the door, locking Xining out. The Southern Qinghai border region garrison, a mouthful to be sure, under Ma Biao were digging in for a long drawn out defense of the Yushu county seat while Xining went into a frenzy of actions. On April 19th, Ma Lin and Ma Bufang telegrammed the Military affairs commission in Nanjing with strong recommendations for improving the situation. They wanted to move the Southern Qinghai garrison roughly 20 li west of Jiegu and station a regiment between Jiegu and Xining at Daheba to protect the lines of communication. They also requested 2000 rifles, 20,000 rounds of ammunition, 40,000 yuan and 5 wireless telegraphs. While this sounds like peanuts, but do remember Japan is currently full blown invading Manchuria. On the last day of april, Ma Bufang requested Ma Lin dispatch the Southern Qing Border Region garrison's 1st brigade commander Ma Xun, cause everyone's a Ma in this episode, to the southern front as Yushu's Pacification Commissioner. He also again stated he wanted a peaceful settlement to the conflict. 4 days later, Ma Bufang and Ma Lin telegrammed Xi'an announcing Ma Xun's appointment as “Yushu xuanwei shi”, the Yushu Pacification Commissioner. Yet it was not until May 24th, that Nanjing's response reached Xining via Xi'an. Within the communique, Chiang Kai-Shek approved their suggestions and would meet their requests for military aid although at lower levels than requested. Only one wireless telegraph set was sent by Nanjing, but it dramatically improved communications.  On May 26th, Ma Xun departed Xining for Yushu with others stating “regardless of whether peace can be maintained, the communications route between the provincial capital and Jiegu must be protected at all costs”. Ma Xun departed with roughly a regiment of 100 troops, some provincial officials with Mongolian and Tibetan language skills, and a surveyor. Meanwhile Ma Bufang led another expeditionary force as far as Daheba, the site of a proposed garrison between Xining and Jiegu. Ma Xun's Mongolian and Tibetan specialists had orders from Nanjing to visit Qinghai and awe the “barbarians” into loyalty to the new government by offering them doctors, dentists, botanists and anyone who could dazzle the “backward superstitious locals”.  For two months, Ma Biao and his men struggled to maintain Jiegu's defenses, till finally on June 18th, Ma Xun's group arrived. He would soon be followed up by 2 waves of reinforcements on August 20th and September 20th. Despite efforts made by Cai Zuozhen and other small contingents of Qinghai troops, the Tibetans simply have overwhelming numbers. The Qinghai troops however inflicted much more casualties upon them when they fought. A battle broke out on June 27th at the Changu Monastery, 5 li south of the county seat, where Qinghai forces led by Ma Biao defeated a Tibetan force twice their side who also enjoyed high ground advantage. The same forces also fought again near the Tongtian River due north of Jiegu where the Tibetans were forced to withdraw. It also seemed the Tibetans lacked adequate artillery, as was evident with their inability to take Jiegu. Many of the civilians within Jiegu noted the Tibetans fired over forty cannon rounds into the city, but none of the rounds exploded. On July 23rd, Ma Bufang dispatched a regiment led by La Pingfu to Yushu. Despite the combined forces of Ma Biao and Ma Xun engaging the Tibetans three times, they had still not seen the full strength of the Tibetans. There was a great concern on the Chinese side that the Tibetans were trying to lure as many in as possible before overwhelming them with numbers. Ma Bufang also dispatched reinforcements led by Ma Lu to the southern borderlands. On August 20th, La Pingfu arrived at Jiegu and freed the city of a Tibetan encirclement. La Pingfu's troops were exhausted from the incredible 20 day march through insane terrain, they quickly took up defensive positions. This allowed the forces of Ma Biao and Ma Xun to depart south with 800 local militiamen to attack the Tibetans. They found Tibetans in the dead of night. The Qinghai forces used Dadao dui swords to hack them during hand to hand combat. The Tibetans dispersed, but reorganized themselves the next morning. The Qinghai forces took some high ground and met the counter attack, this time decisively defeating the Tibetans who suffered tremendous casualties. After four months, the Jiegu encirclement seemed to finally be broken. Afterwards the Qinghai forces formed three groups to advance south to retake lost territory. Ma Biao and Ma Xun led route armies while La Pingfu followed behind. Ma Bufang ordered a punitive mission against the local Tibetans, hoping they would simply withdraw from Yushu peacefully. He also ordered law and order to be brought back to the region. Military commanders were to gather local religious and political elites who could deal with the inevitable issues like refugee waves. To further push the Tibetans to pull out orders were mandated that medical care be given to wounded Tibetan soldiers with promises of funding for their return journey to Tibet as POW's. Me Bufang also issued communiques to all the inhabitants of Yushu asking them to get their local leaders and militia to expel Tibetan soldiers, promising rewards. Cai Zuozhen's reports differed greatly from Ma Bufang's orders. Cai Zuozhen received reports for example that Ma Biao's men routinely killed POW's, attacked Tibetan civilians and robbed Tibetan merchants. Cai Zuozhen would go on the record to accuse Qinghai forces of burning entire villages, looting monasteries, raping women and even nuns. During this time folk songs emerged in Qinghai talking about bitter lives under the oppression of Xining overlords who conscripted soldiers, stole horses and property to feed themselves on “human soup” while the common people ate husks and chafe. It was often sung “the sun doesn't rise in the Ma Family's Qinghai” As the Qinghai troops continued advancing south they punished locals for helping Tibetans. One local headman in Nangqian who had helped Tibetans had 10,000 jin of Tsampa, 20,000 jin of barley, 3000 jin of yak butter, 200 head of cattle and 40 sheep commandeered by Ma Biao. Many headmen would be forced to give goods to Ma Xun, Ma Biao and La Pingfu, such things as pelts, antlers, horses and money. It was said Ma Biao took enough to be worth 2000 silver dollars from the nomads of Laxiu. During late August and early September, the Qinghai forces fought the Tibetans for the Surman region and the southeastern part of Yushu. They unleashed artillery on their enemy, trapping 2000 Tibetans soldiers into a confined area. They encircled them and systematically annihilated them, massacring 200. Little Surmang quickly came back under Xining's control as the Tibetans fled to Greater Surmang. On September 2nd, La Pingfu led 300 men to occupy the rear exit of Greater Surmang. Despite a valiant defense led by two of Tibet's best generals, they suffered a string of defeats and were forced to relinquish Greater Surmang.  Then the third wave of reinforcements arrived from Xining, Ma Lu's brigade who came to Jiegu on September 20th. This effectively solidified the Qinghai position. Ma Lu, Ma Xun, Ma Biao and Ma Biao all met south of Jiegu at Batang where they agreed they would set out for the Jinsha River which marked the border between Yushu and Xikang. There they would decisively defeat the enemy upon the western shore at Xidengke. At the Qingke monastery, facing the Dengke river, a major connecting point to Changde was the Tibetan powerbase in the region. The monastery's defenses were very solid, 3 lines of over 5000 troops. On October 15th, the Qinghai artillery began raining hell upon the monastery as the infantry encircled the area. The Qinghai forces split their approaches attacking and moving while encircling. They were aided by Xikang troops who also bombarded the monastery from across the Jinsha river. The Tibetans could not withstand the joint attacks and gradually gave up their positions. The Qinghai and Xikang armies then connected across the river. Liu Wenhui led the Xikang forces and was communicating with Ma Bufang who ordered his forces to accept orders from the Xikang army.  Many historians believed Liu Wenhui had coordinated this joint military campaign against the Tibetans, taking advantage of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. It seems Liu Wenhui thought it was an opportune time to “solve the Tibet problem once and for all”, this would have been a hell of an escalation. Liu Wenhui sent word to Ma Bufang who notified Chiang Kai-Shek of their joint operation. However Chiang Kai-Shek demanded they halt hostilities and try negotiations with the Dalai Lama. Meanwhile the Dalai Lama received reports of their string of defeats and the loss of territory east of the Jinsha river, so he agreed to begin negotiations. What came from this was the Qinghai-Tibetan Peace Treaty, which more or less just set everything back to pre-war status quo. The Tibetans would never again pose a serious threat to Qinghai's domination of Yushu. Yushu's strategic passes would remain in Qinghais control well into the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. While it would appear as a major side quest in the greater scheme of things, the small war between Tibet and Sichuan was just another example of how not unified China still was. Despite all the grand claims, the new Nanjing government was still overseeing quite a fractured nation, who were about to face the full might of the Empire of the rising sun.   

Jetour De Force Jetour, a relatively new player in the global motoring market, has set its sights firmly on South Africa. Despite intense competition, the Chinese automotive brand is confident in its ability to make an impression, launching in South Africa with two stunning SUVs, a 10-year/1 000 000km warranty, and a laser-sharp focus on after-sales service & customer satisfaction. Jetour's two initial offerings for the local market, the seven-seater X70 Plus and the five-seater Dashing, both offer a combination of style, comfort and advanced technology in two variants — Momentum and Deluxe — for a 4-variant line-up from the start (following the initial launch, Jetour South Africa will reportedly also be rolling out “Pro” variants of the Dashing and X70 Plus in 2025). Priced from R439,900, the Dashing incorporates a futuristic design language, with attractively slim LED headlamps and sinuous lines down the flanks. The spacious X70 Plus (starting at R454,900) may be less daring in its appearance, however its smart cabin configuration is a stand-out feature, allowing for comfortable seating for seven people. The Dashing and X70 Plus are powered by a 1.5-litre 4-cylinder turbopetrol engine delivering 115 kW and 230 Nm of torque. Jetour offers its products exclusively with dual-clutch auto transmissions and the 4 launch derivatives are front-wheel driven, whilst being built off Jetour's unique Kunlun platform architecture. To ensure a smooth market entry, Jetour has also invested heavily in its South African operations, establishing a local parts inventory of R100m, securing a nationwide dealer network, and investing in training facilities to equip its sales and after-sales teams with the necessary skills to deliver superior customer service. It would appear that the groundwork has now been laid and it's “all systems go” for this dynamic auto brand determined to win the local market... A tour de force indeed! Radio Life & Style on Facebook · The Morning Show Sponsor: Excellerate Security

Hey c'est Margo ! Je suis de retour pour le mois des dramas et on commence le mois avec un nouveau drama ! Aujourd'hui je vais vous donner mon avis sur le drama chinois: Kunlun Tumb (2022) avec Pan Yue Ming et Zhang Yu Qi . J'espère que l'épisode va vous plaire ! . Vous pouvez me retrouver sur Instagram pour suivre les actualités du podcast: @margo_dramas  lien vers mes informations: https://linktr.ee/Margo_Dramas musique:  Intro/ Outro by Thannoid - Bodytonic. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/margo-dramas/message

Ai gente nosso querido Xu Kai sempre maravilhoso, o drama conta com 36 episódios e uma trama bem envolvente, quem gosta de mistério envolvido com um pouco de estratégia, e é claro artes marciais, vai gostar bastante desse drama.

Dalla punta dell'alluce al tallone, passando per le dita e l'arco plantare. A Obiettivo Salute Weekend parliamo del piede. Una bella occasione per occuparci di quelle che noi chiamiamo estremità e che spesso trascuriamo, incuranti delle fatiche a cui sono sottoposte, del resto l'estate è il loro momento. Con Adele Sparavigna, dermatologa a Milano e presidente dell'Istituto Derming, parliamo della salute delle unghie, piede d'atleta e tallone.A seguire con Gabriele Piuri, Medico Chirurgo, Specialista in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, consigliere della Società Italiana di Agopuntura (SIA), e autore di "Manuale pratico di agopuntura - La Medicina Tradizionale Cinese per tutti" (Edizioni Lswr), parliamo del piede nella medicina tradizionale cinese. In modo particolare conosciamo più da vicino due punti: il Taichong e il Kunlun

Fekete vagy fehér csíkosak a zebrák? Rakéta     2023-03-05 08:21:02     Tudomány Afrika Az útburkolati jelek esetében ez nem kérdés, viszont annál nehezebb dió, ha az Afrikában őshonos, jellegzetes csíkokkal ellátott állatra gondolunk. A Xiaomi 13 méltó kihívója az új Samsungoknak 24.hu     2023-03-05 08:07:16     Mobiltech Telefon Okostelefon Samsung Xiaomi Az első, európai piacra is érkező Leica-kamerás Xiaomi okostelefon jóval drágább mint az elődje, de árban még így is a konkurensek alá lő. Ekkortól oldódhat meg a napelemesek nagy problémája Öko-drive     2023-03-05 05:12:07     Tudomány Napelem 2023 év végéig megoldódhat a napelemes rendszert telepítők egy nagy problémája, vissza fogják engedni a hálózatra a rendszerek visszatáplálását. Megvan a négy űrhajós-jelölt, akik jövőre kijuthatnak a világűrbe Tudás.hu     2023-03-05 10:13:56     Tudomány Szijjártó Péter Világűr Űrállomás Az illetékes szakértői testület döntésének nyomán négyre szűkült azon magyar űrhajós-jelöltek listája, akiknek egyike 2024 végén vagy 2025 elején harminc napos kutatási misszión vehet részt a Nemzetközi Űrállomáson (ISS) – jelentette be Szijjártó Péter külgazdasági és külügyminiszter Facebook-oldalán. A tárcavezető arról számolt be, hogy több ezer MI segítségével teszi szebbé az alacsony felbontású videókat a Microsoft Edge PCWorld     2023-03-05 08:40:07     Infotech Microsoft Nvidia Már készül a Microsoft válasza az Nvidia-féle RTX Video Super Resolutionre, amit a Radeon tulajdonosok is élvezhetnek majd. Karbonsemleges üzemet épít Németországban a Mercedes IT Business     2023-03-05 14:23:02     Infotech Németország Mercedes-Benz újrahasznosítás Zöldárammal és napenergiával működő üzemet épít Németországban a Mercedes-Benz. Építését a Szövetségi Gazdasági és Éghajlatvédelmi Minisztérium egy tudományos kutatási projekt keretében finanszírozza.   A dél-németországi Kuppenheimben tette le egy fenntartható akkumulátor-újrahasznosító üzem alapkövét a Mercedes-Benz március elején. A tervek szeri Az összes Ubisoft Prince of Persia játék most bombaáron kapható a Steam-en! theGeek     2023-03-05 11:14:45     Gaming Irán Ha szereted az akció-kalandjátékokat, akkor most itt a lehetőség, hogy megvásárold az összes Ubisoft Prince of Persia játékot egy csomagban a Steam-en. Az Ubisoft most egy fantasztikus ajánlattal állt elő, hogy az összes játékot egy csomagban kínálja a játékosoknak. Fedezd fel újra a perzsa herceg legendás kalandjait a modernizált játékmenettel és Tényleg törhetetlen a Huawei új kijelzőüvege? Videó hvg.hu     2023-03-05 08:03:00     Mobiltech Telefon Okostelefon Huawei A „törhetetlen” jelzőt aggatta a Huawei a Mate 50 Pro okostelefon egyes változatainál alkalmazott Kunlun üveget. Az egyik tesztelő arra volt kíváncsi, mennyiben állja meg a helyét ez az állítás, ezért kemény ejtéspróbának tette ki az egyik érintett modellt. Asztmásként kétszeres esélyünk van a reflux kialakulására Origo     2023-03-05 12:17:16     Tudomány Asztma Reflux A néma refluxra sok esetben csak a reggeli torokfájás elhúzódó rekedtség vagy krónikus orrmelléküreggyulladás utal, a tünetek komoly szövődményeket okozhatnak főként asztmások esetében. Finoman beszólt a Microsoft a Google-nak a Chrome miatt PC Fórum     2023-03-05 07:00:00     Infotech Twitter Védőoltás Google Microsoft Böngésző Chrome A Microsoft Edge csapata a hét végén egy diszkrét, a Google irányába leadott "oltást" engedett meg magának, a Chromeböngésző miatt. A redmondiak ugyanis egy kétértelmű mémet posztoltak hivatalos Twitter-csatornájukra, aminek két főszereplője az Edge és a keresőóriás böngészője. Mesterséges intelligencia és önvezetés: nagy érdeklődés övezte a Széchenyi István Egyetem innovációit newtechnology.hu     2023-03-05 04:33:58     Cégvilág Oktatás egyetem Győr Innováció Mesterséges intelligencia A győri Széchenyi István Egyetem kiemelt kutatási területei közé tartoznak az autonóm rendszerek és a mesterséges intelligencia. A modern technológiák fejlesztésében elért eredményeit, friss innovációit jelentős érdeklődés mellett mutatta be az intézmény a budapesti AI&Aut Expón. A Mesterséges Intelligencia és Autonóm Rendszerek Nyílt Szakmai Napon A robotika és az automatizálás alakíthatja át a foglalkoztatás jövőjét Transpack     2023-03-05 05:34:00     Cégvilág Oktatás Robot ABB Az Abb bővíti robotikai és automatizálási oktatási programját, ezzel is segítve a munkahelyek jövőbeli átalakulását. A kínai tradíciókról az űrben sem feledkeznek meg a taikonauták Rakéta     2023-03-05 13:09:05     Tudomány Kína Világűr Mikrogravitációban többemberes munka lehet egy egyszerű feladat megoldása is, de a Sencsou-15 legénysége követte a hagyományokat.

Fekete vagy fehér csíkosak a zebrák? Rakéta     2023-03-05 08:21:02     Tudomány Afrika Az útburkolati jelek esetében ez nem kérdés, viszont annál nehezebb dió, ha az Afrikában őshonos, jellegzetes csíkokkal ellátott állatra gondolunk. A Xiaomi 13 méltó kihívója az új Samsungoknak 24.hu     2023-03-05 08:07:16     Mobiltech Telefon Okostelefon Samsung Xiaomi Az első, európai piacra is érkező Leica-kamerás Xiaomi okostelefon jóval drágább mint az elődje, de árban még így is a konkurensek alá lő. Ekkortól oldódhat meg a napelemesek nagy problémája Öko-drive     2023-03-05 05:12:07     Tudomány Napelem 2023 év végéig megoldódhat a napelemes rendszert telepítők egy nagy problémája, vissza fogják engedni a hálózatra a rendszerek visszatáplálását. Megvan a négy űrhajós-jelölt, akik jövőre kijuthatnak a világűrbe Tudás.hu     2023-03-05 10:13:56     Tudomány Szijjártó Péter Világűr Űrállomás Az illetékes szakértői testület döntésének nyomán négyre szűkült azon magyar űrhajós-jelöltek listája, akiknek egyike 2024 végén vagy 2025 elején harminc napos kutatási misszión vehet részt a Nemzetközi Űrállomáson (ISS) – jelentette be Szijjártó Péter külgazdasági és külügyminiszter Facebook-oldalán. A tárcavezető arról számolt be, hogy több ezer MI segítségével teszi szebbé az alacsony felbontású videókat a Microsoft Edge PCWorld     2023-03-05 08:40:07     Infotech Microsoft Nvidia Már készül a Microsoft válasza az Nvidia-féle RTX Video Super Resolutionre, amit a Radeon tulajdonosok is élvezhetnek majd. Karbonsemleges üzemet épít Németországban a Mercedes IT Business     2023-03-05 14:23:02     Infotech Németország Mercedes-Benz újrahasznosítás Zöldárammal és napenergiával működő üzemet épít Németországban a Mercedes-Benz. Építését a Szövetségi Gazdasági és Éghajlatvédelmi Minisztérium egy tudományos kutatási projekt keretében finanszírozza.   A dél-németországi Kuppenheimben tette le egy fenntartható akkumulátor-újrahasznosító üzem alapkövét a Mercedes-Benz március elején. A tervek szeri Az összes Ubisoft Prince of Persia játék most bombaáron kapható a Steam-en! theGeek     2023-03-05 11:14:45     Gaming Irán Ha szereted az akció-kalandjátékokat, akkor most itt a lehetőség, hogy megvásárold az összes Ubisoft Prince of Persia játékot egy csomagban a Steam-en. Az Ubisoft most egy fantasztikus ajánlattal állt elő, hogy az összes játékot egy csomagban kínálja a játékosoknak. Fedezd fel újra a perzsa herceg legendás kalandjait a modernizált játékmenettel és Tényleg törhetetlen a Huawei új kijelzőüvege? Videó hvg.hu     2023-03-05 08:03:00     Mobiltech Telefon Okostelefon Huawei A „törhetetlen” jelzőt aggatta a Huawei a Mate 50 Pro okostelefon egyes változatainál alkalmazott Kunlun üveget. Az egyik tesztelő arra volt kíváncsi, mennyiben állja meg a helyét ez az állítás, ezért kemény ejtéspróbának tette ki az egyik érintett modellt. Asztmásként kétszeres esélyünk van a reflux kialakulására Origo     2023-03-05 12:17:16     Tudomány Asztma Reflux A néma refluxra sok esetben csak a reggeli torokfájás elhúzódó rekedtség vagy krónikus orrmelléküreggyulladás utal, a tünetek komoly szövődményeket okozhatnak főként asztmások esetében. Finoman beszólt a Microsoft a Google-nak a Chrome miatt PC Fórum     2023-03-05 07:00:00     Infotech Twitter Védőoltás Google Microsoft Böngésző Chrome A Microsoft Edge csapata a hét végén egy diszkrét, a Google irányába leadott "oltást" engedett meg magának, a Chromeböngésző miatt. A redmondiak ugyanis egy kétértelmű mémet posztoltak hivatalos Twitter-csatornájukra, aminek két főszereplője az Edge és a keresőóriás böngészője. Mesterséges intelligencia és önvezetés: nagy érdeklődés övezte a Széchenyi István Egyetem innovációit newtechnology.hu     2023-03-05 04:33:58     Cégvilág Oktatás egyetem Győr Innováció Mesterséges intelligencia A győri Széchenyi István Egyetem kiemelt kutatási területei közé tartoznak az autonóm rendszerek és a mesterséges intelligencia. A modern technológiák fejlesztésében elért eredményeit, friss innovációit jelentős érdeklődés mellett mutatta be az intézmény a budapesti AI&Aut Expón. A Mesterséges Intelligencia és Autonóm Rendszerek Nyílt Szakmai Napon A robotika és az automatizálás alakíthatja át a foglalkoztatás jövőjét Transpack     2023-03-05 05:34:00     Cégvilág Oktatás Robot ABB Az Abb bővíti robotikai és automatizálási oktatási programját, ezzel is segítve a munkahelyek jövőbeli átalakulását. A kínai tradíciókról az űrben sem feledkeznek meg a taikonauták Rakéta     2023-03-05 13:09:05     Tudomány Kína Világűr Mikrogravitációban többemberes munka lehet egy egyszerű feladat megoldása is, de a Sencsou-15 legénysége követte a hagyományokat.

Elke IDFA-ochtend online: een kort gesprek met een Nederlandse maker wiens documentaire tijdens IDFA in première gaat. Deze keer: Mirka Duijn en Nina Spiering over Shangri-La, Paradise Under Construction. Bestaat Shangri-La echt? De plek, ergens in Tibetaans China, is in ieder geval bedacht door de Britse schrijver James Hilton, die erover schreef in zijn Roman Lost Horizon in 1933. Daarin stranden vier personages na een vliegtuigongeluk in het Kunlun-gebergte, waar ze een prachtig klooster vinden. Duijn en Spiering gaan naar het aardse paradijs op zoek, in een reisdocumentaire/filmisch essay waarin verhalen en werkelijkheid steeds minder makkelijk van elkaar te onderscheiden zijn.

Annemieke Bosman in gesprek met filmmaker Mirka Duijn over de film Shangri-La, Paradise Under Construction Bestaat Shangri-La echt? Mirka Duijn gaat ernaar op zoek in deze kruising tussen reisverslag en onderzoeksfilm. Ze trekt naar de  bergen in Tibetaans China en zoekt in archieven om de geschiedenis van de mythische plek te ontrafelen. Het antwoord op de vraag lijkt eenvoudig. Shangri-La werd bedacht door de Britse schrijver James Hilton, die erover schreef in zijn roman Lost Horizon uit 1933. Daarin stranden vier personages na een vliegtuigongeluk in het Kunlun-gebergte, waar ze een prachtig klooster vinden: het aardse paradijs. Pure fictie. Hilton zette nooit een voet in China of Tibet. Toch claimt deze Tibetaanse regio in China de utopische plek te hebben gevonden. De regio Zhongdian werd in 2001 herdoopt tot Shangri-La. Een ‘historisch' centrum werd uit de grond gestampt en de toeristen konden komen. Duijn merkt dat inwoners van Shangri-La rotsvast geloven dat Hilton schreef over hún stad. Er was ook echt een vliegtuig neergestort in de buurt, zeggen ze. Nieuwsgierig ontwart de filmmaakster de vele verhalen, die samen een verrassend gelaagd geheel vormen. Shangri-La, Paradise Under Construction is te zien op het IDFA en genomineerd voor de IDFA Award for Best Dutch Film.

英语新闻︱中国APP广受海外用户欢迎Fromthe world's top short video application TikTok to the biggest fast-fashion appShein and emerging music-video app StarMaker, a rising number of mobile appsdeveloped by Chinese companies are influencing people's daily lives across theglobe.用TikTok刷短视频，用SHEIN追赶时尚，用StarMaker唱歌……来自中国的移动应用软件（APP）正成为全球网友日常生活不可或缺的一部分。Anew report published by market consultancy iResearch showed that the overseas revenue ofChina's entertainment apps grew 204 percent year-on-year in 2021.数据研究机构艾瑞咨询发布的《2022年移动应用出海趋势洞察白皮书》显示，2021年中国娱乐类APP呈现井喷式收入增长，增长了204%。Inaddition, a report from US search giant Google said that the downloads of appsmade by Chinese developers among the world's top 1,000 applications nearlydoubled over the past decade, from 8 percent to 14 percent.谷歌发布的《2021移动应用全球化指南》显示，2011年到2021年上半年，中国厂商在前1000名全球应用下载量APP中的占比从8%升至14%。Industryexperts said this demonstrated Chinese companies' strong innovativecapabilities, but they also face challenges amid rising geopolitical tensions.业内人士表示，这呈现了中国企业巨大的创新活力，在日益紧张的地缘政治局势中，中国企业同时面临着艰巨挑战。"Chinesecompanies are playing a bigger role in global mobile app innovation, thanks tothe rapid development of the digital economy. The momentum of digitalconsumption and 5G commercialization promoted the continuous innovation anditerative upgrading of digital technologies, thus driving the huge innovativevitality of app developers," said Wang Peng, a researcher at the BeijingAcademy of Social Sciences.北京市社会科学院研究员王鹏表示：“由于数字经济的快速发展，中国企业在全球APP创新中发挥着越来越大的作用。数字消费和5G技术助力数字技术的不断创新和迭代升级，从而为APP开发者注入了巨大的创新活力。”"TheChinese government has also been making great efforts in driving digitalinnovation and encouraging companies to deeply integrate digital technologieswith the real economy," Wang added.“中国政府也一直在大力推动数字创新，鼓励企业将数字技术与实体经济深度融合。”王鹏补充说。Wangalso said that such efforts have led to the development of a group of industryleaders that are able to leverage their innovative ability to contribute toglobal industrial development.王鹏指出，我国已经培养了一批能够利用其创新能力为全球工业发展做出贡献的行业领导者。TheiResearch report noted that Chinese gaming apps continued to be the majorrevenue driver of the nation's apps overseas, but social networking apps havealso displayed growth momentum over the past year.艾瑞咨询的报告指出，游戏类APP一直是中国应用在海外的主要收入来源，而社交类APP在过去一年也显示出增长势头。TheUnited States, Japan and South Korea were the main overseas sources of incomefor Chinese apps. Notably, downloads of Chinese apps also increased in Africa,the Middle East and Southeast Asia last year, among which the African marketwas the most prominent, with a total growth rate of 18.9 percent year-on-year.北美、东亚（日韩）、欧洲一直是出海应用主要的收入来源地。值得注意的是，中国APP在非洲、中东及东南亚地区下载量有所上扬，其中非洲地区最为突出，增速为18.9%。StarMaker,a karaoke video app enabling users to create and share music videos, quicklywent viral in 102 countries and regions, where it has become one of thebest-selling music apps.StarMaker是一款音配类社交应用，用户在上面可以制作和分享音乐视频。这款应用迅速在102个国家和地区走红，成为热门音乐应用。"Theglobal market is promising for Chinese companies. Though it takes a longtime to develop a brand in foreign markets, Chinese companies are good atresearch and development, meaning products can quickly be technology-driven andmeet local needs," said Fang Han, CEO of Kunlun, the developer ofStarMaker.昆仑万维首席执行官、StarMaker开发者方汉说：“全球市场对中国企业来说大有可为。尽管APP在海外扎根需要很长时间，但中国企业擅长研发，这意味着产品可以迅速由技术驱动，满足当地的需求。”"Aftersuccess in one market, we are also able to quickly spread this to othercountries," Fang said, adding that the company has a dominant position inmarkets in Southeast Asia, Africa and the Middle East.方汉表示，“在一个市场取得成功后，我们也能迅速将其推广到其他国家。”昆仑万维的出海业务在东南亚、非洲和中东市场占据主导地位。Smalldevelopers from China are also warming up the global mobile app market. US techcompany Apple Inc said that more than 5 million third-party developers in itsiOS app ecosystem are from China, up from 4.4 million a year ago, and they haveincreasingly become a major force in the global app economy.中国的小型APP开发团队也在蓬勃发展。苹果官网发布消息称，苹果大中华区的注册开发者数量现已超过500万，比去为440万，这些开发者已经日益成为全球APP市场的主要力量。However,Huang Leping, head of technology, media and telecommunications at HuataiSecurities, said that many challenges remain for Chinese companies in goingglobal, especially as many countries have tightened up their data protectionpolicies.然而，华泰证券TMT研究组负责人黄乐平表示，中国企业出海仍面临阻力，尤其是在许多国家收紧了数据保护政策的情况下。"Inthe past, companies have been able to build a set of algorithms in China andoffer services in foreign markets, where the data can be interconnected. But inthe future, companies may need to build supporting facilities in variouscountries to do that, which will greatly increase their operating costs andrisks," Huang said.黄乐平说：“过去总部在中国，企业可能可以通过在海外复制一个大的‘总部'来实现‘全球化'，在数据可以互联互通的地方提供服务；未来，一些企业或许需要像抖音一样在各国本地建设配套的算法团队，以使用该国数据。此举会大大增加企业的运营成本和风险。”记者：程钰revenue英[ˈrevənjuː]；美[ˈrevənuː]n.税收;财政收入;收益momentum英[məˈmentəm]；美[moʊˈmentəm]n.[物]动量; 势头; 动力; 要素，契机promising英[ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ]；美[ˈprɑːmɪsɪŋ]adj. 有希望的;有前途的

It's an all new X Is For Podcast featuring every corner of the Marvel Universe! Start in the heart of New York City with a look at the newest version of the Thunderbolts plus a deepdive into the history of the 3 previous volumes of the title (0:00:00)! Then, join the Midnight Mission as they examine the incredible MULTIVERSAL world of Al Ewing & Javier Rodriguez's Defenders Beyond #2 (0:42:30)! Not quite back to earth, journey to Kun Lun for the final chapter of the opening salvo of Alyssa Wong & Michael Yg's all new Iron Fist series (1:07:45) before rounding things out with a brief look at X-Force #30-31 stretching from the heart of the tundra to the depths of Krakoa (1:32:00)! Strap back in for a look at the fate of the Marvel Universe an all new XI4P – we hope you survive the experience!

A former Hotan jade miner looks back on a disappeared, dangerous trade.Read the article by Renjian the Livings: https://www.theworldofchinese.com/2022/07/jade-mining-in-the-kunlun-mountains-where-life-is-cheaper-than-rocks/Translated by Ana Padilla Fornieles.Narrated by Cliff Larsen.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

While Iron Fist stays with the injured Professor Wing, he recalls the time his friends fled to the Darklands outside of Kun Lun. Issue covered: Iron Fist Volume 1, #2.

Deze week op de bank bij Vechtersbazen Marouan Toutouh. Hij heeft al naam gemaakt in China bij de organisatie Kunlun en heeft recent een nieuw contact getekend bij 1 van de grootste organisaties ter wereld, ONE Championship. Zijn doel is om wereldkampioen te worden, maar dan zal hij eerst Regian Eersel moeten verslaan. Naast zijn vechtsportcarrière werkt hij met gehandicapten en mensen met een verstandelijke beperking in de zorg. Dit doet hij in een traject waarbij hij vechtsport en het mentale aspect hiervan te combineren. Kortom, een erg interessante gast op de bank!Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Emma joins Connor and Omar as they resume their coverage of the 1997 Heroes for Hire series. These two issues feature a team-up with the Punisher and an insane scheme to summon Kun-Lun?! https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ Our Patreon https://www.patreon.com/ironfistpodcast We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/

Connor is joined by Emma and they discuss Wu Ao-Shi with her debut story in Immortal Iron Fist #7 and the idea of Iron Fists leaving Kun Lun. Our Patreon: www.patreon.com/ironfistpodcast https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/

In a round-up of the week's news, F1's Chinese rookie Zhou Guanyu narrowly missed out on the points — again — while there was a naming clarification from his team (3:03). The Chinese women's ice hockey team has been lighting it up at the World Championships in Poland (4:48), with former Kunlun standout Melanie Jue — who features prominently in Mark's book “Sporting Superpower” — back in the fold as an assistant coach (6:01). Meanwhile, Eileen Gu is still hanging out in Beijing, and posed with fans at Home Plate BBQ in Sanlitun this week (7:00).Our guest this week is Chinese Olympic ice hockey player Rudi Ying, who first connected with Mark after he wrote this piece last year on the dismal state of the men's team (8:45). Ying explains why he's not headed to the men's World Championships later this month (10:16), which will offer him some time off for the first time in a long, long while (11:31). Recalling the lead-up to the Olympics, Ying describes the general uncertainty in the camp and how everything felt like a “last-minute emergency situation” — despite the five-year planning period (13:16).Joining the KHL wasn't necessarily a good step for Chinese hockey (14:51), says Ying, who first hooked up with Kunlun Red Star (KRS) in 2016 after playing junior hockey in Canada (15:54). Playing 3-4 minutes a night as a teenager in the KHL was not ideal for his development, he says, and he admitted to feeling “terrified” every time he stepped on the ice (17:14).Years later as the Olympics approached, rifts formed at KRS between native Chinese players and the “heritage players” — North American players of Chinese descent — with unequal treatment for the two groups (19:43). Ying himself had something of an identity crisis, stuck somewhere between the two sides (21:27). Dealing with mandates from Chinese hockey authorities was like “Halloween night and the national team wore a KHL costume” (23:31). One particular low point was learning that a two-month camp in spring 2020 was going to last indefinitely, something which took a mental toll (24:20). The choice for players was to stay in camp — or leave and give up their Olympic dream. Two of the three captains chose to leave (26:21). Now 23, Ying says he's considering his options — one of which might be leaving the game altogether (27:52). Mark and Haig look for positives, but Ying is pessimistic about Chinese hockey. Things, he says, are not going in the right direction (31:20). He recalls his emotions when news originally broke that NHL players would be going to the Olympics — with Canada and the U.S. drawn in China's group (33:40). He also speaks openly about how committed the heritage players were — or not — to the Chinese program (35:08). In contrast to certain others, Ying says goalie Jeremy Smith earned the respect of all the Chinese players (40:54), before describing his own highlight at the Olympics (41:55).Finally, he explains what needs to be done to improve the hockey system in China (43:00), discusses how to improve the pipeline of players (44:18), recalls growing up with Song Andong, who became the first China-born player to be drafted in the NHL (45:42), and reveals his future ambitions to be a film director — inspired, in part, by his father, who's famous for bringing sitcoms to China (47:43).See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We get to talking with K1/Kickboxing legend Stone Cold Steve Moxon from Victoria. He now runs The Training Room Gym in Geelong, but jumped on to talking about his stellar career fighting in promotions such as Evolution, Enfusion, Kunlun and Glory, while facing off against legends in their prime like Buakaw, Andy Souwer, Bruce Macfie, Aikpracha and Marat Giogorian to just name a few. Also Steve talks about how he wasn't happy about the second half of his career as his outside life effect his ring performance and gives his honest opinion on present day fighters,  fighter management and can Kickboxing be revive? Follow Steve and The Training Room here here:https://www.instagram.com/stonecoldstevemoxon/https://www.instagram.com/thetrainingroomgeelong/Follow us on:https://www.instagram.com/combatchatpodcast/https://www.facebook.com/combatchatpodcast https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0BA3mqnfgbPBgjDeqNNkSgSupport the show (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0BA3mqnfgbPBgjDeqNNkSg)

Latviešu uzbrucējs Mārtiņš Dzierkals būs viens no 17 hokejistiem, kurš debitēs valstsvienības sastāvā olimpiskajās spēlēs Pekinā. Šo sezonu Dzierkals aizvada Čehijas kluba HK “Pilzene” rindās, kur sākums bija veiksmīgs, bet turpinājums ne tik. Uzbrucējs pastāsta par divcīņām laukumā ar Jaromiru Jāgru, interesi starpsezonā no KHL klubiem, dzīvi Čehijā un kāds statuss ir attiecībās ar Lasvegasas “Golden Knights” komandu.

Chang E: worst wife ever? This episode is rife with unfortunate relationships, including the terrible parenting of Dijun and Xihe, the atrocious mother of Hou Ji, and the sad tale of Nu Jiao and the dragon Yü. Join us as we look at how Yi hunted down the ten suns and various other monsters, the story of how Chang E is the worst and now rightfully lives on the moon alone, how Hou Ji survived a multitude of attempted murders, how Tiandi just wanted to wipe out humanity, and how Gun and Yü subsequently saved everyone.   Follow us on Twitter! @UlmtdOpinions

Syyskuun viimeisen Hokipodin pitkässä henkilöhaastattelussa Pelicansin seurahistorian kaikkien aikojen paras pistemies Vili Sopanen: Miten 33-vuotiaan Sopasen ammattilaisjääkiekkouran lopettamispäätös syntyi? (01:00) Pelicansin seurahistorian paras pistemies. "En ollut sitä itsekään ihan hahmottanut, vaikka tiesin, että tavaraa on aika paljon Pelsu-vuosien aikana kertynyt". Tommi "Dogi" Turunen muisti maalipörssin ykkössijan menettämisen. (03:17) Sopasen hokihommat käynnistyivät merituulen kiristämässä pakkaskelissä Raahessa. Seurajoukkueura alkoi Kouvolassa ja jatkui sittemmin Kiekkoreippaan junioreissa sekä Pelicansin edustusjoukkueessa. Pääsarjadebyyttiinsä "zlatanmaisella" itseluottamuksella varustettu hyökkääjä ilmoittautui vapaaehtoisesti. Ensimmäinen SM-liigamaali syntyi neliön keskeltä ylivoimalla JYPin verkkoon. (08:13) Aika Pelicansin ykkösketjussa Marko Jantusen ja Matias Lopin kanssa. JYP tarjosi ison urheilullisen haasteen. Risto Dufvan vaatimustaso oli koko ajan tapissa. (14:18) Pelicansin hopeakausi ja yhteispeli Justin Hodgmanin kanssa. Ilkka Kaarna hoiti paluun Ruotsista takaisin Lahteen. "Harmittavasti viimeinen kruunu jäi puuttumaan". (18:10) Sopanen on kokenut valtaosan uransa ikimuistoisimmista hetkistä JYPiä vastaan pelatuissa otteluissa. Joulukuussa 2014 sattunut yhteentörmäys hiljensi koko Isku Areenan. "Se [loukkaantuminen] muutti peliäni. En pystynyt ottamaan taklauksia enää samalla tavalla vastaan". (21:57) Uran ylivoimaisesti rahakkain diili purkaantui terveyssyiden vuoksi. Kunlun vaihtui jatkosopimustakin tarjonneeseen HIFK:hon. Saksan visiitin jälkeen pääsarjaura paketoitui Raumalla. (26:35) Mitä kolmen lapsen isä aikoo tehdä tulevaisuudessa? Millainen suhde alasti mikin edessä esiintyneellä Sopasella on naturismiin? (30:48) Hokipodin syyskuun kuuntelijakilpailun voittajan julistus. (33:25) Kommentteja, risuja tai ruusuja voit lätyttää Twitterissä tilille nimeltä Hockey Time Lahti (@HokiPodi) ja aihetunnisteella #hokipodi.

Shang-Chi finds himself challenged to a contest of skill that he wishes to not take part in. Afterwards, he finds himself caught in a high tension afraid at a major university between the students and the National Guard. Meanwhile, Iron Fist finds himself trapped by a new foe who wishes to claim the riches of Kun-Lun for himself.  Issues covered: Deadly Hands of Kung Fu Volume 1, #9-11.

David Zhao (ZettaDB) has been working on database kernels for years, developing code and enhancements for Berkeley DB, MySQL, and TDSQL.  David is back with a new Hybrid database called Kunlun which aims to take the best of what's in the PostgreSQL and MySQL space both and output a better database.   David sits down with Matt Yonkovit ( The HOSS) to talk about the Kunlun project, distribution, implementation, scalability, and more. If you are interested in learning more David also delivered a talk at Percona Live 2021 entitled “Performance Comparison of MySQL and PostgreSQL based on Kernel Level Analysis” which is also available now.

Episode 117 is here! Connor, Karl and Rebecca are joined by special guest Omar, an Iron Fist superfan to cover the landmark Power-Man and Iron Fist 75, Return to Kun lun! Lots to talk about, continuity errors abound! Our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ironfistpodcast https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist

We've got another big episode for you this week, as we welcome Alex Kovalev. The former NHL star just wrapped up his first season as the head coach of the Kunlun Red Star, the Beijing-based entry into the KHL. He spent the previous two seasons as the club's assistant coach. In addition to the many challenges caused by COVID-19, including relocating the team to Mystishchi, Russia due to travel restrictions in China, Kunlun presents the unique challenge in that the roster is largely in place to support the development of players with Chinese heritage to compete for China in the 2022 Winter Olympics, which will be held in Beijing. In other words, not exactly the ideal situation to begin a coaching career. After a playing career that saw him capture a Stanley Cup, Olympic gold medal, and record 1,029 points in just over 1,300 games as arguably one of the most skilled players of his generation, Kovalev's venture into coaching could be seen as a somewhat surprising move. But with his passion for the game and wealth of hockey knowledge, Kunlun offered a great opportunity to cut his teeth in the coaching game. And with aspirations of returning to the NHL, it's clear that this is just the beginning. Find out his thoughts on why coaches should empower their players to use their imagination and make plays, how his early development helped shape the player he would become, and what he learned during his first season as a head coach.

The year that is known as 2020 has proven to be a watershed moment for the martial arts world. The arguments and bravado that raged on social media in the years before 2020, had in the chaos of the coronavirus disappeared. The reason for this is that many so-called martial artists discovered that the standards they hold others to, they weren't able to measure up to those same standards themselves. They had cherry picked their way and realised that when the day came they were either unfit, undertrained, or just not committed enough to really rise above the chaos of the battlefield that had been the pandemic. And so they quit. And hid themselves away as mandated by their respective governments and basically forgot (if they ever really knew) what true martial arts is about. Sure, you could argue differently. But for most martial artists, their self-identity is tied up with the fantasy and not reality. If it had been based on the reality, you would have seen the pandemic for what it is: A chance to test one's commitment to the martial arts way by reinforcing one's training, diet and mental stamina. Because 2020 is just a test-run for something far bigger coming in the near future. And no! It is not going to be a zombie apocalypse. Now, if you had kept up your training or adapted it to the changing circumstances, well done! Pat yourselves on the back because what you did was rather than leaving everything behind to go climb Kunlun 崑崙山 or cloister up in Wudang 武當山, you stood still and allowed the mountain to come to you. This is the secret behind Sun Wukong 孫悟空 a.k.a. The Monkey King and his imprisonment by the Buddha in the mountain. Even though release from the mountain in the novel Journey to the West 西遊記 is a physical act, the truth behind it is one of realisation that 2020 was and is a giant doorway that not all are able to pass through. This is why so many of us have disappeared, were left behind, and have succumbed to its fears. And it is just a doorway.

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ENLACES Vuelta al cash https://magnet.xataka.com/preguntas-no-tan-frecuentes/suecia-pensaba-convertirse-primer-pais-efectivo-ahora-intenta-aumentar-dinero-circulacion Sindicalistas Takbir https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823826/saudi-arabia Salvando el Mundo Libre https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20210305/6264405/cazas-espanoles-interceptan-aviones-rusos-mar-negro.html Libegal Subsidiado https://www.elsaltodiario.com/medios/avalmadrid-concedio-aval-libertad-digital-18-millones-euros-concesion-tdt Escopetero Jhonson https://www.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/2021-03-10/la-dieta-con-la-que-boris-johnson-ha-logrado-adelgazar_2982592/ Oso Encocao https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/cocaine-bear-movie-elizabeth-banks-b1814924.html Selfie-Cadaver https://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/vivir-on/que-mundo/2021/03/09/investigados-policias-sacarse-fotos-cadaver/1127165.html Subasta Smombie https://www.xataka.com/criptomonedas/jack-dorsey-vendiendo-primer-tuit-historia-ejemplo-perfecto-como-nfts-quieren-revolucionar-arte-contenidos Sondeorrush https://www.dw.com/es/sondeo-la-mayor%C3%ADa-de-j%C3%B3venes-brit%C3%A1nicas-ha-sufrido-acoso-sexual/a-56825933 Futbolista Asaltado https://www.20minutos.es/deportes/noticia/4613364/0/portero-everton-robin-olsen-sufre-atraco-machetes-pasamontanas/ Cobre Trucha https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-09/trader-buys-36-million-of-copper-and-gets-painted-rocks-instead S80 https://www.laopiniondemurcia.es/sucesos/2021/03/11/intervienen-primera-embarcacion-semisumergible-pais-40662442.html ExoPlaneta Volcánico https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/abe400 CoproDescuido https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/fuera-de-juego/descuido-antonio-banos-descubierto-gustos-11573170 Pedofi Rebranding https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fdont-call-paedophiles-paedophiles-abc-tells-reporters-in-leaked-email%2Fnews-story%2F8ccdb9c003e79f9d3fa6fb9a567aa3a4&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium Reyerta en el CETI https://elfarodemelilla.es/denuncian-menores-provocan-peleas-lanzan-piedras-ceti-usuarios/ Pandilleros Detenidos https://www.elconfidencial.com/sucesos/2021-03-10/pandilla-asaltos-machetes-villaverde_2986216/ Literatura Atemporal https://www.arabnews.com/%20node%20/%201824036%20/%20arabia-saudita BitGeorge https://www.infobae.com/economia/2021/03/10/de-la-mano-de-george-soros-el-bitcoin-sube-a-usd-56000-y-esta-cerca-de-su-maximo-historico/ LittleNicky Apealeado https://www.ultimahora.es/sucesos/ultimas/2021/03/08/1244739/tres-detenidos-por-agredir-pequeno-nicolas-por-negarse-hacerse-foto.html Irun taponado https://www.elindependiente.com/espana/2021/03/10/la-alerta-sanitaria-en-la-frontera-y-la-llegada-de-inmigrantes-desde-canarias-tapona-irun/ Racismo Houthi https://www.arabnews.com/node/1824216/middle-east Canción Vetada https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4615154/0/eurovision-rechaza-la-cancion-de-bielorrusia-por-criticar-a-la-oposicion-pone-en-cuestion-la-naturaleza-no-politica-del-concurso/ Zulos Coloristas https://diario-octubre.com/2021/03/10/descubren-en-bielorrusia-una-red-de-escondites-con-explosivos-y-armas-para-grupos-de-sabotaje-y-reconocimiento/ Mitin Abrahamico https://www.enlacejudio.com/2021/03/10/netanyahu-viajara-manana-a-emiratos-2-semanas-antes-de-las-elecciones-en-israel/ Injerencia jUsana https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/11/uss-john-finn-transits-taiwan-strait/ Revulsivo Turístico https://mundo.sputniknews.com/20210307/una-de-las-sinagogas-mas-grandes-de-espana-bajo-un-bar-de-copas-el-nuevo-esplendor-de-utrera-1109560971.html Stevie Rossner https://www.enlacejudio.com/2021/03/10/roger-waters-pide-a-stevie-wonder-rechazar-premio-israeli/ Reptil Convocado https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2021/03/11/china-convoco-a-la-embajadora-de-reino-unido-por-un-articulo-inapropiado-en-defensa-de-la-libertad-de-prensa/ Preparate Faraon https://forococheselectricos.com/2021/03/china-aprueba-un-nuevo-plan-para-dominar-el-coche-electrico-y-su-tecnologia.html Embajada Kosovar https://www.aurora-israel.co.il/turquia-presiona-a-kosovo-para-que-no-abra-una-embajada-en-jerusalen Menoresrrushers Inimputables https://www.levante-emv.com/sucesos/2021/03/05/investigan-agresion-sexual-grupal-menor-38192474.html Cerveza Gusanera https://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?o=rn&id=435087&SEO=cerveza-palma-confunde-a-consumidores-estadounidenses Estacion Seca https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/03/11/hotspots-flare-up-as-indonesia-expects-drier-dry-season.html Wifi de emergencia https://www.aurora-israel.co.il/acceso-a-wi-fi-de-emergencia-salva-vidas-de-viajeros-en-israel Violencia al alza https://www.dw.com/es/siete-manifestantes-muertos-a-disparos-de-la-polic%C3%ADa-en-birmania/a-56834229 Ciudades Fantasma https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/03/11/national/fukushima-ghost-towns/ Fugaku (skynet Japones) https://as.com/diarioas/2021/03/09/actualidad/1615294304_538864.html Manu Wolf https://diariojudio.com/ticker/nueva-marcha-neonazi-en-valladolid-espana/356281/ Dalila recuperado https://diario-octubre.com/2021/03/07/sistemas-de-guerra-electronica-rusa-permiten-capturar-un-sofisticado-misil-israeli-dalila-intacto-en-siria/# Volcan Tibetano https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/kunlun/news/124081/SO2-cloud-detected-in-the-area-of-Kunlun-volcano-Tibet-could-it-be-from-a-volcanic-eruption.html Celos Buddy ‎https://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2021/03/07/6044d06afc6c83342e8b45af.html Drones Sospechosos https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4609669/0/interceptan-dron-sobrevolaba-congreso-edificios-estrategicos/ Variante Israelí https://israelnoticias.com/siria/assad-y-primera-dama-siria-covid/ Paga la Cuenta https://www.dw.com/es/corea-del-sur-pagar%C3%A1-a-estados-unidos-m%C3%A1s-por-la-presencia-de-sus-tropas/a-56825267 Para PijiHitler https://www.abc.es/historia/abci-historia-olvidada-soldado-judio-combatio-hasta-muerte-division-azul-franco-y-hitler-202102220043_noticia.html Burka Prohibido https://www.france24.com/es/europa/20210307-suiza-referendo-prohibicion-burka-publico CodereGT https://www.motorpasionmoto.com/industria/app-dgt-servira-para-recibir-pagar-multas-movil-para-llevar-carnet-conducir AmaKosovares https://www.abc.es/deportes/futbol/abci-kosovo-amenaza-espana-tras-referirse-como-territorio-202103100133_noticia.html Ataque Sovietico https://cadenaser.com/programa/2021/03/09/hora_25/1615314051_317264.html Tattocuestro Consentido? https://www.ultimahora.es/sucesos/ultimas/2021/03/09/1244751/seis-detenidos-manacor-por-secuestrar-discapacitado-tatuarle-dos-penes-cara.html Era Consentido https://www.ultimahora.es/sucesos/ultimas/2021/03/10/1245067/secuestro-mallorca-libertad-para-detenidos-manacor.html Peligroso Fugitivo https://mundo.sputniknews.com/20210310/detienen-en-barcelona-a-un-fugitivo-condenado-a-perpetuidad-en-francia-1109729694.html Izquierda Antisemita https://www.aurora-israel.co.il/la-izquierda-y-la-cuestion-judia Robles Centenarios https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4610380/0/comienza-la-tala-de-robles-centenarios-en-francia-para-reconstruir-notre-dame-cada-ejemplar-cuesta-15-000-euros/ Record Mezuzá https://www.enlacejudio.com/2021/03/08/la-mezuza-mas-grande-del-mundo-estara-en-el-cdijum/ Datacenter Incendiado https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20210310/incendio-ovh-servidor-europa-11570933 Macron Espacial https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/10/france-military-drills-space/ Smonbies Excesivos https://sp.yna.co.kr/view/ASP20210310003500883?section=news Gasolinera Takbir https://spanish.almanar.com.lb/505342 Relaciones Estrechas https://sp.yna.co.kr/view/ASP20210311002900883 Incumpliendo Sanciones https://www.portafolio.co/internacional/corea-del-norte-incumplio-las-sanciones-sobre-importaciones-de-crudo-549789 Base lunar del Mal https://diario-octubre.com/2021/03/09/rusia-y-china-firman-un-memorando-sobre-la-creacion-de-una-estacion-cientifica-en-la-luna/ Manchurios aflojando https://www.prensa-latina.cu/index.php?o=rn&id=435107&SEO=surcorea-pagara-mas-por-tropas-norteamericanas-en-la-peninsula Terroristas Abatidos https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/two-terrorists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-anantnag/articleshow/81445311.cms Patagonia en llamas https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/argentina-chubut-incendios-forestales-el-hoyo-pol-huisman-cnn-redaccion-buenos-aires/ Más repulsivos turísticos https://www.lavozdecordoba.es/provincia/2021/02/25/vox-35/ Comando del Crimen https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/03/11/comando-del-crimen-organizado-embosco-y-ejecuto-a-dos-policias-estatales-en-puebla/ Free Lula https://www.france24.com/es/am%C3%A9rica-latina/20210310-brasil-lula-da-silva-justicia-proceso-bolsonaro-moro Ministra Atacada https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-police-register-case-over-attack-on-mamata-banerjee-2388484 Sillito Robespierre https://www.elespanol.com/espana/politica/20210307/echenique-ayudante-robespierre-podemos-campana-iglesias-corona/563943901_0.html Boris de Visita https://www.ft.com/content/a323c7d5-91e6-4e2f-9965-4e6bb7f2ac41 Estado Mayor Destituido https://www.notimerica.com/politica/noticia-amp3-armenia-primer-ministro-armenia-considera-legalmente-destituido-jefe-estado-mayor-ffaa-20210310205408.html Prohibido Minar https://elchapuzasinformatico.com/2021/03/mongolia-interior-prohibe-la-mineria-de-criptomonedas-ponen-fin-al-derroche-energetico/ Trabajadores Dormidos https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/ghaziabad-one-killed-two-hurt-as-security-guard-fires-at-sleeping-workers-101615399649340.html Onu Consternada https://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2021/03/09/un-appalled-by-killing-of-9-activists-in-philippines-.html Libertad Religiosa https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/story/2021-03-10/los-no-musulmanes-ya-pueden-decir-ala-en-malasia Lugareños Enojados https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/03/10/locals-lynch-kidnappers-dr-congo/ Muro Defensivo https://www.bladi.es/marruecos-ampliacion-muro-defensa-sahara,9426.html Aumento de Compras https://revistamercados.com/europa-aumento-las-compras-a-marruecos-un-65-en-10-anos/ Wagner se queda https://www.monitordeoriente.com/20210311-los-mercenarios-rusos-de-wagner-se-niegan-a-abandonar-libia/ 8M en Aceh https://www.elindependiente.com/sociedad/2021/03/08/flagelan-a-unas-mujeres-en-indonesia-como-castigo-por-beber-alcohol-o-mantener-relaciones-sexuales/ Monos AntiGandhi https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/gandhi-statue-damaged-by-monkeys-in-mp-s-mandsaur-say-police-101615445473599.html Iglesia Atacada https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-mueren-cerca-30-personas-ataque-contra-iglesia-etiopia-20210310104459.html 8M Turco https://www.elperiodico.com/es/internacional/20210311/turquia-detenidas-mujeres-8m-erdogan-11572024 Venta de Arte https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/story/2021-03-10/tras-protestas-museo-israeli-cancela-venta-de-arte-islamico Desplazados Tigray https://www.notimerica.com/politica/noticia-etiopia-oim-cifra-mas-131000-desplazados-internos-crisis-tigray-norte-etiopia-20210310093017.html Esclavos al Agua https://es.euronews.com/2021/03/04/traficantes-tiran-por-la-borda-a-80-migrantes-en-yibuti-al-menos-20-muertos Evangelatas NeinNeinNein https://www.eldiario.es/comunitat-valenciana/acusados-sembrar-panico-metro-valencia-intencion-predicar-evangelio_1_7285699.html Turba matacuras https://www.pulzo.com/mundo/asesinan-sacerdote-colombiano-angola-africa-accidente-con-moto-PP1036563 Magufuli desaparecido https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-opositor-pide-explicaciones-estado-presidente-tanzania-casi-dos-semanas-aparecer-publico-20210310154451.html Negociaciones ocultas https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/2021-03-09/secuestros-ninas-nigeria-negocio-rescates_2983815/ Walking Pack Malasia https://worldofbuzz.com/watch-man-in-kelantan-enters-phone-store-with-no-pants-tries-to-harass-3-female-employees/

In this week's episode, I'll give a brief update on the playoff race after Avangard, Metallurg, and Salavat-Yulaev clinched, and I'll review the seasons of Neftekhimik and Kunlun after they were eliminated this week. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Bonus Phase, Episode 7 A long time ago, in a television world far, far away...Netflix had Marvel shows. Remember?! Mike Field and Pat Whalen discuss the Marvel Knight slate of shows - Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist and The Punisher in this week's bonus episode. They'll talk about what worked and maybe, didn't work in these shows. They'll lament on missed opportunities both on the side of the creators and on the side of Marvel and Disney. Mike has issues with supporting characters taking the limelight away from the leads, while Pat fondly remembers a time when Danny Rand was the Immortal Iron Fist and the protector of Kun Lun. (Take a drink!) Then, for some unknown reason, they start talking about Law & Order and Boardwalk Empire and much more that have nothing to do with the Netflix shows. Enjoy the episode! Find us on https://www.instagram.com/yetanothermcupodcast/ (Instagram)! Find us on https://twitter.com/McuYet (Twitter)! Just find us!

What’s Good?   News   Winter 2021 Anime Preview Crunchyroll: I*CHU- Lay-duce (O Maidens in Your Savage Season, Our love has always been 10 centimeters apart., Release the Spyce) -Game School begins at Étoile Vio School, where idol-hopeful students known as "I-Chu" will undergo training to become full-fledged idols. However, things are off to a strange start when the new students are given a speech from their bear principal?! The I-Chu work steadily toward their goals and ask, "What is an idol?" Each boy will learn to shine as they struggle to find their answer.   Heaven’s Design Team- Asahi Production (Medaka Box, Orefuro, Merman in my Tub, Secret Princess Himegoto) -Manga "In Heaven's Animal Design Department, designers create a variety of new animals daily while contending with the unreasonable requests of their client: God. This series answers questions such as, 'Why can’t unicorns exist?', 'What makes an animal taste delicious?', 'What’s the most powerful creature in the ocean?', and, 'Bird versus snake: who would win?'"    ABCiee Working Diary- Fanworks (Aggrestuko, Honobono Log, Please Take My Brother Away) ABCiee is a bit klutzy and ditsy, but he's full of spunk and he starts his dream job at a TV station! This is a work comedy filled with all kinds of hijinks! "I never knew it was so hard working at a TV station, ciee!" Despite having to face the unknown rules of the TV business, unique coworkers, and guest stars who have very particular quirks, ABCiee takes them head on with his positivity. Work, love, family, whatever goes!! Please watch over ABCiee as he takes on the TV business.   The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter- Okuruto Noboru (How Not to Summon a Demon Lord season 2) -Light novel Noir is the son of a minor noble with very little to his name other than a job offer—which is canceled before he can even start his first day. He does possess one rare trait, though: the magical ability to consult with a great sage, even if using the skill gives him terrible headaches! Unsure of what his future holds, he accesses the sage for advice on how to move forward and is directed to a secret dungeon filled with rare beasts and magical items. It is here that Noir will train, compiling experience and wealth, until he's powerful enough to change his fate.   So I’m a Spider, So What?- Millepensee (Berserk, Cop Craft, Teekyuu) -Light novel The world where the Hero and the Demon King continue to oppose each other. The grand magic from the Hero and the Demon King cross over worlds and exploded in the classroom of a certain high school.   The students who died in the explosion will be reincarnated in a different world. The protagonist, who has the lowest reputation in the class, was reincarnated into a spider. Nevertheless, she adapted quickly to the present condition with strong willpower.   This is a story of she who has become a spider trying whatever she can to live.   Dr. Ramune -Mysterious Disease Specialist- - Platinum Vision (Servamp, Devils Line, Kono Oto Tomare!: Sounds of Life ) -Manga As long as hearts exist inside people, there will always be those who suffer. And then something "strange" enters their mind and causes a strange disease to manifest itself in the body. The illness, which is called a "mystery disease" is unknown to most, but certainly exists. There is a doctor and apprentice who fights the disease, which modern medicine cannot cure.   His name is Ramune. He acts freely all the time, is foul-mouthed, and doesn't even look like a doctor! However, once he is confronted with the mysterious disease, he is able to quickly uncover the root cause of his patients' deep-seated distress and cure them. And beyond that…   EX-ARM- Visual Flight - Manga 2014: Akira Natsume seems to almost have a phobia of electrical devices while also being very good at diagnosing them. He resolves to change himself for the better and get a girlfriend like his older brother did. ...But then Akira suddenly dies in an accident. 16 years later a special policewoman and her android partner retrieve and activate a highly advanced AI and superweapon called EX-ARM and put it into full control of their ship as a last resort. Turns out the AI is actually just Akira's brain!   WAVE!! -Let’s go surfing!!- - Asahi Production -Other Masaki Hinaoka, who grew up near the coast of Ooarai in Ibaraki Prefecture, meets a prince-like transfer student Shou Akitsuki before the summer break, who introduces him to the world of surfing. Through surfing, Masaki meets irreplaceable friends and experiences farewell as he becomes an adult. It is the beginning of a never-ending story of boys fascinated by the charm of surfing.   Idolls!- Shine-Ei Animation (Sweetness and Lightning, Teasing Master Takagi-san, Doraemon) -Original The anime's production will use motion capture technology to capture the movements of the voice cast while simultaneously producing voice recordings.    WIXOSS DIVA(A)LIVE- J.C. Staff (Toradora!, Food Wars!, Angels of Death) -Card Game   HiDIVE: Redo of Healer- TNK (High School DxD, School Days, Blade Dance of the Elementalers) -Light Novel "Healing magicians cannot fight alone."   Keare, who was bound by this common knowledge, was exploited again and again by others. One day, he noticed what lay beyond healing magic, and was convinced that a healing magician was the strongest class. However, by the time he realized that potential, he was deprived of everything. Thus, he used healing magic on the world itself to go back four years, deciding to redo everything.   This is a heroic tale of one healing magician who became the strongest by using knowledge from his past life and healing magic.    Funimation: Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation- Studio Bind - Light Novel Killed while saving a stranger from a traffic collision, a 34-year-old NEET is reincarnated into a world of magic as Rudeus Greyrat, a newborn baby. With knowledge, experience, and regrets from his previous life retained, Rudeus vows to lead a fulfilling life and not repeat his past mistakes.   Now gifted with a tremendous amount of magical power as well as the mind of a grown adult, Rudeus is seen as a genius in the making by his new parents. Soon, he finds himself studying under powerful warriors, such as his swordsman father and a mage named Roxy Migurdia—all in order to hone his apparent talents. But despite his innocent exterior, Rudeus is still a perverted otaku, who uses his wealth of knowledge to make moves on women whom he could never make in his previous life.   Cells at Work! CODE BLACK!- LIDENFILMS (Love and Lies, Hanebado!, Yamada-kun and the Seven Witches) -Manga Due to poor lifestyle choices, a certain human's body is in constant turmoil. With germs, bacteria, and foreign substances abound, the jobs of various cells become increasingly difficult and dangerous. As some of the unfortunate ones who matured in this chaotic environment, Sekkekkyuu AA2153 and Hakkekkyuu U-1196 strive to fulfill their duties—even if it means seeing many of their fellow cells lose their lives in duty.   Set in an environment vastly different from its parent story, Hataraku Saibou Black portrays the cells' struggles as they try to maintain the body's health. However, the human's condition continues to deteriorate, and whether or not these efforts will amount to something concrete depends on the cells!   Kemono Jihen- Ajia-Do (How Not To Summon a Demon Lord, Izetta the Last Witch, Ascendance of a Bookworm) -manga When a series of animal bodies that rot away after a single night begin appearing in a remote mountain village, Inugami, a detective from Tokyo who specializes in the occult, is called to investigate.   While working the case, he befriends a strange boy who works in the field every day instead of going to school. Shunned by his peers and nicknamed "Dorota-bou" after a yokai that lives in the mud, he helps Inugami uncover the truth behind the killings—but supernatural forces are at work, and while Dorota-bou is just a nickname, it might not be the only thing about the boy that isn't human.    Bottom-Tier Character Tomozaki- Project No.9 (And you thought there is never a girl online? , CHOYOYU!: High School Prodigies Have It Easy Even in Another World! , Didn't I Say to Make My Abilities Average in the Next Life?!) -Light novel Tomozaki is one of the best gamers in Japan, and in his opinion, the game of real life is one of the worst. No clear-cut rules for success, horribly balanced, and nothing makes sense. But then he meets a gamer who's just as good as him, and she offers to teach him a few exploits...   SK8 the Infinity- Bones (My Hero Academia, Mob Psycho 100, Bungou Stray Dogs) -Original Reki, a high school sophomore and skater, is addicted to "S," a highly secret and dangerous downhill skateboarding race that takes place in an abandoned mine. The skaters are especially wild about the "beefs," or heated battles that erupt in the races.   Reki takes Langa, a transfer student returning to Japan after studying abroad, to the mine where the races are held. Langa, who has no skateboarding experience, finds himself pulled into the world of "S"...    Suppose a Kid from the Last Dungeon Boonies moved to a starter town?- LIDENFILMS -Light novel A long time ago, the ancient saviors of humanity founded a village as their haven, with their descendants said to assist humanity in times of extreme chaos. This village, Kunlun, is located just beside the infamous "Last Dungeon"—a place where monsters of unimaginable strength reside and which serves as the hunting grounds for Kunlun residents.   Despite being accustomed to defeating powerful enemies since childhood, Lloyd Belladonna regards himself as the weakest in his village in terms of magic, strength, and intelligence. Even so, to fulfill his desire of becoming a soldier, he goes to the Kingdom of Azami to enroll in its military academy. However, as someone whose upbringing defies common sense, Lloyd's innate power might just prove to be the key to end the crises enveloping the kingdom!   Wonder Egg Priority- Cloverworks (Promised Neverland, Rascal Does Not Dream of Bunny Girl Senpai, Darling in the Franxx) -Original A story of troubled girls, spun by screenwriter Shinji Nojima in the world of anime.   Led by a mysterious voice while on a midnight stroll, 14-year-old girl Ai Ooto picks up an egg. The voice coaxes her: "If you want to change the future, you only need to choose now. Now, believe in yourself and break the egg."   What awaits Ai after the breaking of the egg...   2.43: Seiin High School Boys Volleyball Team- David Production (Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure, Fire Force, Cells at Work!) -Novel Junior high school student Kimichika Haijima moves back to his hometown, Fukui, after causing trouble in the Tokyo Junior High School volleyball club. There, he is reunited with his childhood friend, Yuni Kuroba, who possesses outstanding physical abilities, but is vulnerable under pressure. Haijima, with his overwhelming passion and talent for volleyball, forms an ace combination with Kuroba.   The two enroll at Seiin High School, where they join the volleyball club. Awaiting them are the 163 cm hot-blooded captain Shinichirou Oda, the talented and sharp-tongued vice-captain Misao Aoki and his third-year pair, and second-year students, including Akito Kanno, who is always wearing long sleeves due to his allergy to sunlight.   The newborn team breaks its former shell of weakness and becomes Fukui's rising star. This is a certain team's journey to victory, with a series of fascinating rivals standing in their way.   Hortensia SAGA- LIDENFILMS -Game Hortensia Saga is a medieval fantasy tale of war and chaos. Three years ago, the king was betrayed and murdered by one of his dukes who then rebuilt the kingdom into his own. But now, the original heir to the throne has secretly come of age. Hiding in the guise of a man, she and her loyal band begin the quest to save her homeland.   Back Arrow- Studio VOLN (I Want to Eat Your Pancreas, Ushio to Tora, Karakuri Circus) -Original Ringarindo is a land surrounded by a wall. The wall covers, protects, cultivates, and nutures this land. The wall is god ... it is the foundation of this land of Ringarindo.   One day, a mysterious man named Back Arrow appears in Essha village on the outskirts of Ringarindo. Arrow lost his memories, but says that all he knows is, "I came from beyond the wall." To restore his memories, Arrow heads out beyond the wall, but is embroiled in a battle with himself as the stakes.   Skate-Leading Stars- J.C. Staff -Original The anime will tell the story of high school students as they compete in groups in a unique form of figure skating called "Skate-Leading."   Scar on the Praeter- GoHands (K, Hand Shakers, W’z) -Other Project Scard depicts the encounters and battles of those who have tattoos which possess the sealed powers of divine beasts and gods. The story is set in the Akatsuki Special Zone, a lawless zone in Tokyo.   "Helios" are those who use the ability of the tattoos to protect the city, "Artemis" are committed to maintain security and control, whilst having a strong commercial motive, and the "Public Security Special Service" are Scard Staff of the metropolitan police department. They live through the turbulent days to keep on going.   Idoly Pride- Lerche (Asobi Asobase, Magical Girl Raising Project, Kino's Journey -the Beautiful World- the Animated Series) -Original To become an idol, I shed blood, sweat, and tears. Even so, I push on. I want to shine. I want to earn it. I want to become number one. I want to smile. I want to make my dreams come true. I want to look back at a sea of people. I want to be noticed. I want to find it. I want to overcome obstacles. I have only pride inside my chest.   No one is in the spotlight from the beginning. Everyone is weak. Only those who do not break will reach the highest peak to become an idol. This is the story of idols who face big dreams and harsh reality.   Otherside Picnic- LIDENFILMS, Felix Film (Nekopara) -Novel Her first encounter with Toriko Nishina was on the Otherside after seeing "that thing" and nearly dying. Ever since that day, exhausted university student Sorawo Kamikoshi's life changed. In this Otherworld, full of mystery, which exists alongside our own, dangerous beings like the Kunekune and Hasshaku-sama that are spoken of in real ghost stories appear. For research, for profit, and to find an important person, Toriko and Sorao set foot into the abnormal.   LBX Girls- Studio A-CAT (Frame Arms Girl, Tamayomi, Pastel Life) -Game In an unplanned field trip, Riko is transported to an alternate Japan where metal-based life forms known as Mimesis ravage the world. Only girls equipped with LBX armored weaponry can stand up to this scourge. Joined by four other displaced young women, Riko will have to adapt to save humanity. The hope of a planet now rests on these heavy metal soldiers who desire one wish—to return home again!   Gekidol- Hoods Entertainment (Drifters, The Qwaser of Stigmata, 3D Kanojo: Real Girl) -Original Set five years after the mysterious disaster of a city's sudden disappearance, a group of girls fascinated by the "Theatrical Material System" using 3D holograms aims to brighten the stage during the city's post-apocalyptic recovery.   Horimiya- Cloverworks -Manga Although admired at school for her amiability and academic prowess, high school student Kyouko Hori has been hiding another side of her. With her parents often away from home due to work, Hori has to look after her younger brother and do the housework, leaving no chance to socialize away from school.   Meanwhile, Izumi Miyamura is seen as a brooding, glasses-wearing otaku. However, in reality, he is a gentle person inept at studying. Furthermore, he has nine piercings hidden behind his long hair and a tattoo along his back and left shoulder.   By sheer chance, Hori and Miyamura cross paths outside of school—neither looking as the other expects. These seemingly polar opposites become friends, sharing with each other a side they have never shown to anyone else. Our intro artist! Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0v8jayincp5BxOfoGlTnh2?si=ctq5ywUdSC-HloVOlJUHbA Contact Us: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/instantramenpodcast/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/InstantRamenPod Instagram: http://instagram.com/instantramenpodcast E-mail: instantramenpodcast@gmail.com Twitch: twitch.tv/krispother Blog: https://instantramenpodcast.blogspot.com/

This week on Total Movie Recall, Steve and Ryan discover that there's actually an antidote to getting punched really, really hard. The cultural divide proves too much for Ryan in this wild, fantastic, hallucinatory Kung Fu epic of many names. The story is incomprehensible, the fights are nonsensical, but Steve still finds it defensible, while Ryan finds the editing reprehensible. There's no reason for this rhyme. Kung Fu Cult Master (1993) d. Jing Wong, Sammo Kam-Bo Hung Starring: Jet Li Man Cheung Chingmy Yau Set during the Yuen Dynasty, many sects compete for possession of the two golden swords which contain the secret to dominance of the world of martial arts. The first faction, led by Shaolin, consists of Shaolin, Wu Tang, Ngo Mai, Kun Lun, Hung Tung and Wah Shan. The second is the Ming Sect, otherwise known as the Fire Sect or Evil Sect, led by branch leaders Queen of Purple Dragon, King of White Eagle, King of Gold Lion and King of Green Bat. A student of Wu Tang, befriends Gold Lion and marries the daughter of White Eagle. He is killed for the secret of the location of the missing sword. His infant son witnesses this and vows revenge on the heads of the sect. Unfortunately he has a jinx which prevents him from learning martial arts. Brian Rawnsley Things discussed in the show: Tom Clancy & Jack Ryan vs World War 3 Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan (Carlton Cuse, Graham Roland, John Krasinski, Wendell Pierce, John Hoogenakker) Wargames (John Badham, Matthew Broderick, Ally Sheedy, John Wood) Breakfast Club (John Hughes, Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Ally Sheedy) The Night Porter (Liliana Cavani, Dirk Bogarde, Charlotte Rampling, Philippe Leroy) Deutchland 83 (Anna Winger, Jörg Winger, Jonas Nay, Maria Schrader, Ulrich Noethen) Operation Able Archer Wind of Change podcast (Patrick Radden Keefe, The Scorpions) Wong Kar-wai Raise the Red Lantern (Yimou Zhang, Li Gong, Jingwu Ma, Saifei He) The Great Wall (Yimou Zhang, Matt Damon, Tian Jing, Willem Dafoe) American Factory (documentary, Steven Bognar, Julia Reichert, Junming 'Jimmy' Wang, Robert Allen, Sherrod Brown) The Queen's Gambit (Scott Frank, Allan Scott, Anya Taylor-Joy, Chloe Pirrie, Bill Camp) The Thomas Crown Affair 1968 (Norman Jewison, Steve McQueen, Faye Dunaway, Paul Burke) Casino Royale (Texas Holdem, Martin Campbell, Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Judi Dench) Get Shorty (Barry Sonnenfeld, Elmore Leonard (novel), Scott Frank (screenplay), Gene Hackman, Rene Russo, Danny DeVito) The Lookout (Scott Frank, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Jeff Daniels, Matthew Goode) Minority Report (Steven Spielberg, Philip K. Dick (short story), Scott Frank (screenplay), Tom Cruise, Colin Farrell, Samantha Morton) A Walk Among the Tombstones (Scott Frank, Liam Neeson, Dan Stevens, David Harbour) Godless (Jack O'Connell, Michelle Dockery, Scoot McNairy, Scott Frank) Auteur Cinema The Witch (Robert Eggers, Anya Taylor-Joy, Ralph Ineson, Kate Dickie) Emma (Autumn de Wilde, Eleanor Catton (screenplay by), Jane Austen (based on the novel by), Anya Taylor-Joy, Johnny Flynn, Mia Goth) The New Mutants (Josh Boone, Maisie Williams, Anya Taylor-Joy, Charlie Heaton) Love Actually (Richard Curtis, Hugh Grant, Martine McCutcheon, Liam Neeson, Thomas Brodie-Sangster) The Maze Runner (Wes Ball, Dylan O'Brien, Kaya Scodelario, Will Poulter, Thomas Brodie-Sangster) Leonard DiCaprio & Liam Hemsworth The Vow (NXIVM, Anthony Ames, Sarah Edmondson, Bonnie Piesse, Mark Vicente) Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath (Leah Remini, Mike Rinder, Mary Kahn) The Raid Redemption (Gareth Evans,  Iko Uwais, Ananda George, Ray Sahetapy) Kung Fu (NES video game) Double Dragon (video game) The Night Comes For Us (Timo Tjahjanto, Joe Taslim, Iko Uwais, Julie Estelle) The Raid 2 (Gareth Evans, Iko Uwais, Yayan Ruhian, Arifin Putra) Apostle (Dan Stevens, Richard Elfyn, Paul Higgins) Lovecraftian horror / Folk horror Gangs of London (Gareth Evans, Matt Flannery, Ray Panthaki, Joe Cole, Lucian Msamati) Gangs of New York (Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, Cameron Diaz, Daniel Day-Lewis, John C. Reilly, Liam Neeson) Peaky Blinders (Steven Knight, Cillian Murphy, Paul Anderson, Helen McCrory) The Warriors (Walter Hill, Michael Beck, James Remar, Dorsey Wright) The Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre The Shaw Brothers & Hong Kong Cinema Wu Tang Mountain Takashi Miike CINEphile Video Archive in Los Angeles (Shoutout to Paul!) Ghost Spy (Image Comics, Steve Albertson, Jacob Elijah aka Oh Oozi, Puppy Grenade) Tai Chi Master (Woo-Ping Yuen, Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh, Siu-Ho Chin) Once Upon a Time in China (Hark Tsui, Jet Li, Rosamund Kwan, Biao Yuen) Dragon Ball Z ( Things discussed in the show: Tom Clancy & Jack Ryan vs World War 3 Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan (Carlton Cuse, Graham Roland, John Krasinski, Wendell Pierce, John Hoogenakker) Wargames (John Badham, Matthew Broderick, Ally Sheedy, John Wood) Breakfast Club (John Hughes, Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Ally Sheedy) The Night Porter (Liliana Cavani, Dirk Bogarde, Charlotte Rampling, Philippe Leroy) Deutchland 83 (Anna Winger, Jörg Winger, Jonas Nay, Maria Schrader, Ulrich Noethen) Operation Able Archer Wind of Change podcast (Patrick Radden Keefe, The Scorpions) Wong Kar-wai Raise the Red Lantern (Yimou Zhang, Li Gong, Jingwu Ma, Saifei He) The Great Wall (Yimou Zhang, Matt Damon, Tian Jing, Willem Dafoe) American Factory (documentary, Steven Bognar, Julia Reichert, Junming 'Jimmy' Wang, Robert Allen, Sherrod Brown) The Queen's Gambit (Scott Frank, Allan Scott, Anya Taylor-Joy, Chloe Pirrie, Bill Camp) The Thomas Crown Affair 1968 (Norman Jewison, Steve McQueen, Faye Dunaway, Paul Burke) Casino Royale (Texas Holdem, Martin Campbell, Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Judi Dench) Get Shorty (Barry Sonnenfeld, Elmore Leonard (novel), Scott Frank (screenplay), Gene Hackman, Rene Russo, Danny DeVito) The Lookout (Scott Frank, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Jeff Daniels, Matthew Goode) Minority Report (Steven Spielberg, Philip K. Dick (short story), Scott Frank (screenplay), Tom Cruise, Colin Farrell, Samantha Morton) A Walk Among the Tombstones (Scott Frank, Liam Neeson, Dan Stevens, David Harbour) Godless (Jack O'Connell, Michelle Dockery, Scoot McNairy, Scott Frank) Auteur Cinema The Witch (Robert Eggers, Anya Taylor-Joy, Ralph Ineson, Kate Dickie) Emma (Autumn de Wilde, Eleanor Catton (screenplay by), Jane Austen (based on the novel by), Anya Taylor-Joy, Johnny Flynn, Mia Goth) The New Mutants (Josh Boone, Maisie Williams, Anya Taylor-Joy, Charlie Heaton) Love Actually (Richard Curtis, Hugh Grant, Martine McCutcheon, Liam Neeson, Thomas Brodie-Sangster) The Maze Runner (Wes Ball, Dylan O'Brien, Kaya Scodelario, Will Poulter, Thomas Brodie-Sangster) Leonard DiCaprio & Liam Hemsworth The Vow (NXIVM, Anthony Ames, Sarah Edmondson, Bonnie Piesse, Mark Vicente) Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath (Leah Remini, Mike Rinder, Mary Kahn) The Raid Redemption (Gareth Evans,  Iko Uwais, Ananda George, Ray Sahetapy) Kung Fu (NES video game) Double Dragon (video game) The Night Comes For Us (Timo Tjahjanto, Joe Taslim, Iko Uwais, Julie Estelle) The Raid 2 (Gareth Evans, Iko Uwais, Yayan Ruhian, Arifin Putra) Apostle (Dan Stevens, Richard Elfyn, Paul Higgins) Lovecraftian horror / Folk horror Gangs of London (Gareth Evans, Matt Flannery, Ray Panthaki, Joe Cole, Lucian Msamati) Gangs of New York (Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, Cameron Diaz, Daniel Day-Lewis, John C. Reilly, Liam Neeson) Peaky Blinders (Steven Knight, Cillian Murphy, Paul Anderson, Helen McCrory) The Warriors (Walter Hill, Michael Beck, James Remar, Dorsey Wright) The Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre The Shaw Brothers & Hong Kong Cinema Wu Tang Mountain Takashi Miike CINEphile Video Archive in Los Angeles (Shoutout to Paul!) Ghost Spy (Image Comics, Steve Albertson, Jacob Elijah aka Oh Oozi, Puppy Grenade) Tai Chi Master (Woo-Ping Yuen, Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh, Siu-Ho Chin) Once Upon a Time in China (Hark Tsui, Jet Li, Rosamund Kwan, Biao Yuen) Dragon Ball Z Game of Thrones (David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, Emilia Clarke, Peter Dinklage, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Sophie Turner, Maisie Williams, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Iain Glen, Gwendoline Christie) Chinese history The Evil Cult (Ming Dynasty) Quintin Tarantino Star Crossed Lovers The Golden Lion House of Flying Daggers (Yimou Zhang, Ziyi Zhang, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Andy Lau) Master of the Flying Guillotine (Jimmy Wang Yu, Tien Wu Chu, Kang Chin) Crippled Masters (Chi Lo, Sung-Chuan Shen, Chao-Ming Kang, Chiu Ho) Riki Oh The Story of Ricky (Ngai Choi Lam, Siu-Wong Fan, Mei Sheng Fan, Ka-Kui Ho) John Woo (director) Johnnie To (director) Exiled (Johnnie To, Nick Cheung, Anthony Chau-Sang Wong, Francis Ng) Drug War (Johnnie To, Louis Koo, Honglei Sun, Yi Huang) Dirty Gambler genre of Hong Kong crime cinema Jackie Chan Bruce Lee vs. Chuck Norris Willow vs. Wicket (Star Wars) vs. Leprechaun Mel Gibson vs. Cancel Culture Tom Cruise vs. Keith Raniere Zoroastrians (Persia) Cult of Mani (Manichaeism) - The Gospel of Mani aka the Book of Giants The Book of Enoch 300 (Zack Snyder, Gerard Butler, Lena Headey, David Wenham) Next week: Any Given Sunday

Join the gang as they cover the 1st part (which starts halfway through the issue) of the first Kun Lun arc in Power Man and Iron Fist! Our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ironfistpodcast https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist

Éloi et Nicholas reviennent sur le rachat des Penguins de Pittsburgh par Mario Lemieux et le retour d'Howie Morenz à Montréal en 1936. Ils abordent aussi différentes controverses ayant touché les Golden Knights de Vegas et le Red Star de Kunlun (KHL) au cours de la dernière semaine, ainsi que la possible fin de carrière de Zdeno Chara.

In this episode Rachel enlightens us about the symbolism of Tarot, journaling psychic dreams, and how to connect with our specific spirit animal. Rachel tells us about her life on the road, leaving her engagement right before the wedding and the alien sightings she sees in Sedona. We also talk about Theta Healing and how it is therapy for this life and all past lives. Rachel and Erin touch on the phrase “As above, so below” as it related to extraterrestrials looking like insects. If you like woo woo and spirituality, then this episode is for you :)Rachel Farabaugh is the artist and owner of Bohemian Dreamer in Sedona, Arizona. On most days she can be found painting Spirit Animals from her art studio and is currently writing a book on Animal Spirits that will include over 100+ of her paintings. On her days off, she spends time in nature exploring native ruins and caves around the vortex sites in Sedona.In addition to being an artist, Rachel is a certified Theta Healer and has been immersed within that specific healing modality for nearly eight years. Rachel offers healing sessions with clients both in person and over the phone. Her other studies include KunLun, Ninjutsu, Alpha brain wave training and other mystery arts. Rachel has also dedicated over 20 years to developing her skills with the Tarot. She designed her own Tarot Deck, wrote a Guidebook and now offers readings both over the phone and in her studio in Sedona.

It's the new year and your hosts of Sons of the Dragon are back from the jungles of Kun-Lun to cover Power Man and Iron Fist 68! https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ contact us at sonsofthedragonpodcast@gmail.com We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist

Sean answers your Marvel questions!0:38 Alex WardHey Sean! Hope all is well. I was just wondering about Goose. It is one of the sad realities of life that pets don't live as long as people. That being said, do you think it's possible Goose will be in cat heaven by the time Captain Marvel gets back to our normal timestream? Maybe that's when she'll get Chewie?Also, what are some other famous Marvel pets you'd like to see in the MCU? I think we're long overdue for a good dog or two!2:21 Alex WardWho would you cast Keanu Reeves as in the MCU? He's a pretty hit or miss actor, but when he's on, he's on--so maybe he'd be better in a smaller role? He is a dead ringer for Reed Richards visually, but I don't think he'd quite be able to pull that off.3:22 Spencer ToycenHey there Sean! What were your thoughts on Punisher season 2? It wasn't perfect, but the western angle was a smart move and I really enjoyed what we got between Frank and Amy, but I thought most of the Jigsaw felt stuff tacked on. Also I liked the parallels between John Pilgrim and Frank which I thought could've benefited from being the season's focus.6:53 Tom DeMicheleHey Sean, how would you have plussed up the first Doctor Strange film? What improvements could have prevented the common criticism that it adheres too closely to the structure of previous origin films? Perhaps—like Black Panther, Spider-Man: Homecoming and even Thor 1 to an extent—it begins with a Stephen Strange who is already semi-developed as a hero. The film's beginning could find Strange as a member of Kun Lun, where he's been training in the mystic arts for several years, with maybe a few brief flashbacks filling us in on his backstory as an arrogant New York neurosurgeon. I love the film, but I agree that it could have been more inventive structurally.11:37 AlexRest in peace Bat-fleck! Sean my question to you is what Marvel alumni be it Fox Marvel or Disney Marvel do you think would make for a good successor to Ben Affleck as the Caped Crusader.    For me its a tie between Lee Pace(Guardians Of The Galaxy) and Dan Stevens( Legion).13:11 AlexDo you expect Dark Phoenix to surpass Apocalypse's total box office earnings or do you think  it will come just under it?  Could the lack of Wolverine hurt the box office?15:38 Woo S! KimI may be alone, but one of the interesting things about Thanos' character in the MCU which his daughter points out on the ship to him in “Avengers: Infinity War” is how Cuckoo for Coco Puffs Thanos actually is, because in his mind Thanos thinks not only is he not the villain, not only does he really think he's the true Avenger, but he actually thinks he is the chosen one to right the universe's wrong, to put the universe in balance even if it means slaughtering trillions as I'm paraphrasing Doctor Strange, my point to all of this, we true believers shouldn't forget or believe that Thanos will not be that easy to stop in “Avengers: End Game?”  What say you, Sean?16:44 Alex WardThis is kind of ridiculous, but I saw a theory on Reddit that Marvel Studios could barter with Sony to get live action Peter in exchange for not touching Miles, thus leaving Sony to reap all the benefits of that character's breakout popularity. Is this at all possible?18:41 Woo S! KimDoes Sony because they have a camera subsidiary company have better cameras than Disney does Sean, I have just noticed in Tom Holland's Spidey films they are just richer colors some scenes look like they were shot on 70mm even though I know they weren't, while the MCU distributed by Disney look more like they were shot on digital rather than film even though most likely they were all shot using digital cameras, do you understand what I mean here Sean or am I just seeing things?20:54 Alex WardOne more! Is it possible that Eternals won't be "cosmic" as we know it? It seems like it could be more concerned with secret societies, hollow Earth environments, and things like that, without necessarily getting into space stuff.23:26 Michael Louis WeaselboyHey Sean I know this is a Marvel podcast but I was wondering what your thoughts are on Ben Affleck leaving the Batman role in the DCEU?? I will miss him I really liked his take on Batman but I am excited to see a new version of the character.31:44 Bill Van NormanHey Sean - another question for the weekend Q&A - do you think there is any chance that Disney will want to bring Marvel Entertainment - especially the Television division under the oversite of Marvel Studios / Kevin Feige? The MCU has been more successful than Marvel TV properties. With the Marvel Studios putting content on Disney + maybe that is the first step in the direction. Also, this could be a way to give some others in Feige's team a more prominent role as was discussed in the last Q&A (I think). I realize that they just pealed off Marvel Studios from Marvel Entertainment 4 years ago but could we see another reorganization in the near future with the TV division or the Animation group? This might be important also with the Fox controlled characters coming home. What do you think Sean?37:29 MayaGiven Shuri will be running the new Wakandan education center in Oakland, do you think she will be launching the West Coast Avengers during Black Panther 2 or potentially before? Given the whole Antman squad is in the Bay, this could be a cool team up, especially with an older Cassie Lang potentially taking on Stature.43:14 Bill Van NormanI've been thinking about the suggestion by a few people that maybe Nick Fury is a Skrull in Spider-Man Far From Home. I'm not sure about that but it occurred to me that possibly the architect(s) or people behind the scenes that developed the Sokovia Accords and registration act - Ross or Talbot maybe - were Skrulls. The strategy could be that they wanted to weaken the Avengers for their own aims or may have been working for Thanos. This is would be a classic divide and conquer approach. If This is true it could certainly impact what happens in Avengers Endgame and how the heroes work to fix things. It could lead to changing the timeline earlier than we have speculated - so pre-snap and could lead to the return of people we thought were dead and gone at this point e.g. Quicksilver. It could also set up a one movie treatment of the Skrull Secret Invasion storyline. This could be the crisis the all-female team or another team-up group deals with in the near future. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode 67, Join Connor, Karl and Rebecca for The big finale to this whole story, and a payoff 40 years in the making, Danny fights to save Kun Lun! For show notes go to our wordpress - https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist Soundcloud https://soundcloud.com/sons-of-the-dragon We are also on iTunes!

New Year, New episode! Join Connor and Rebecca for Iron Fist 76 which features Danny and Sabertooth fighting Choshin's army in Kun Lun! For show notes go to our wordpress - https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist Soundcloud https://soundcloud.com/sons-of-the-dragon We are also on iTunes!

Matt and Mel have finally returned and the whole gang is here! We are joined by special guests JD and Nick to discuss episode 2 of The Defenders. Topics include the big Kun Lun questions of the day: Does Danny have a donkey-powered ipod? Do they have a pin-up Kun Lun calendar? (Tammy certainly hopes […]

Wooo Episode 58 is here and we bring the conclusion to the epic Trial of Seven Masters story-arc! Join Connor and Karl as they gush over it a bit but mostly try to make sense of the sordid history of Kun-Lun! For show notes go to our wordpress - https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist Soundcloud https://soundcloud.com/sons-of-the-dragon We are also on iTunes!

We have reached the end of IRON FIST season 1 so special guest Brad joins us to discuss everything from Ward’s continuing awesomeness to whether Kun Lun is secretly Count Duckula’s castle. We are also introduced to everyone’s new favourite superhero: SCAPEL FINGERS! Links: Visit our website: The Defenders Podcast Email: DefendersPod@gmail.com Twitter: @DefendersPod Like […]

The Defenders are back! (bar Mel who is stuck in Kun Lun training to be the next Iron Fist) Matt, Tammy and Claire are joined by special guest Nick to dissect the first episode of IRON FIST. Discussion includes the controversy over the casting of the lead role, awesome cartoons from Claire’s childhood, and how […]

Episode 13 on the Immortal Iron Fist Podcast! Join us and Danny as we get a disturbing look into the World of Kun Lun as Danny flashes back to his first true failure... in the Valley of the Damned! For show notes go to our wordpress - https://sonsofthedragontheimmortalironfistpodcast.wordpress.com/ We are also on Youtube www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCRlnC6eRayCdBLpMES_iA Twitter twitter.com/IronFistPodcast Facebook www.facebook.com/Ironfistpodcast/ Podcast Garden www.podcastgarden.com/podcast/ironfist Soundcloud https://soundcloud.com/sons-of-the-dragon We are also on iTunes! Contact us at sonsofthedragonpodcast@gmail.com

En el programa de SER Aventureros de esta semana hablamos con Alberto Andreu que nos explicará qué tiene de especial la Expedición al Muztagh Ata, una montaña situada en el macizo del Kunlun, en el Himalya chino. También estará con nosotros Javier Soto de Blueweek, que nos ofrecerá una alternativa veraniega si quieres irte de vacaciones.