Podcasts about three people

In this episode, Ben reveals the 3-day science-backed protocol that rapidly reverses fatty liver — one of the most overlooked drivers of weight gain, fatigue, bloating, cravings, and insulin resistance. One in three people have fatty liver and don't know it, but research shows you can transform your liver and metabolism in as little as 72 hours with a simple, free, strategic approach. Ben breaks down three powerful human studies showing how fasting switches the liver into fat-burning mode within hours, activates AMPK to reduce inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, and lowers liver fat fast. He also shares the step-by-step daily plan: Day 1: Choose your fasting level, break your fast with the Liver Flush Plate, and follow the circadian liver reset Day 2: Morning ACV protocol, post-meal walks, and zero fructose Day 3: Liver Reset Meal and inflammation control You'll learn the exact foods that stimulate bile flow, the nutrients that repair liver cells, what to avoid, and how to sync your meals with your circadian rhythm for maximum healing. This simple 3-day fix leads to less bloating, better digestion, improved liver enzymes, increased energy, deeper sleep, and noticeable fat loss — all by working with your body's innate healing ability. If you've struggled with stubborn belly fat or unexplained metabolic issues, this episode gives you the blueprint to take back control in just 72 hours. FREE GUIDE: The World's Easiest Breakfast Diet - https://bit.ly/4pGKrfW 

What a whirlwind of emotions we've experienced the past 72 hours.

Sheil is joined by The Ringer's own Austin Gayle to talk about some of the most polarizing NFL personalities this season who are in danger of losing all the clout they've earned over their careers if they don't finish 2025 successfully. (00:00) Who has the most at stake in the 2025 NFL season?(1:31) Mike Tomlin(10:57) C.J. Stroud(19:35) Daniel Jones(26:26) The Hurry Up: Raiders fire Chip Kelly This episode is sponsored by State Farm®️. Don't settle for just any insurance when there's State Farm. https://www.statefarm.com/lp/trainer The Ringer is committed to responsible gaming. Please visit ⁠www.rg-help.com⁠ to learn more about the resources and helplines available. Host: Sheil KapadiaGuest: Austin GayleProducer: Chris SuttonSocial: Kiera Givens and Brian WatersProduction Supervision: Conor Nevins and Arjuna Ramgopowell Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

A man who reported the alleged sexual assault of his daughter was tragically shot and killed.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

HOUR 2: Could you live on an island with only three people? full 2030 Fri, 10 Oct 2025 20:00:00 +0000 g1qB0AhXGCFsczH4kqlxuGSZyRmcSdsU news The Dana & Parks Podcast news HOUR 2: Could you live on an island with only three people? You wanted it... Now here it is! Listen to each hour of the Dana & Parks Show whenever and wherever you want! © 2025 Audacy, Inc. News False https://player.amperwavepodcastin

People problems are some of the toughest challenges for a commercial real estate principal. Whether it's conflict between team members, a high performer with a bad attitude, or a lack of boundaries that turns you into the bottleneck, these issues will test your leadership. In episode 241 of Commercial Real Estate Leadership, Darren Krakowiak shares practical strategies to resolve common people problems that principals face. You'll learn how to confront issues head-on without damaging relationships, while protecting the culture of your business and preserving your values. You'll discover:

Rocket Money

Kia ora e te whānau.We had a particularly nice time on this week's AidStation podcast, celebrating one year of Ali and Andrew jumping on board. Matt had the opportunity to ask them a mix of longer-form and quick-fire style questions about the last 12 months, and what they were looking forward to in the next 12 months and beyond.If you are after an under-the-hood look at what makes the two “new” co-hosts of Dirt Church Radio tick, then dive in. Plus, Andrew from the future grabs interviews with 24 Hours of Blue Lake RD, Sarah Sunshine, and Sue Hunter.Excellent stuff.Dirt Church Radio – Best Enjoyed Running.--- --- ---Episode LinksSign up for the DCR AidStation newsletterThe Squadrun 4-Week Training Trial for DCR Listeners!Dirt Church Radio on InstagramDirt Church Radio on FacebookFurther Faster New ZealandEnjoy!Music by Andrew McDowall, Digicake

Three people are in critical condition and have been rushed to the Winneba Trauma and Specialist Hospital following a head-on collision at Gomoa Mampong on the Kasoa–Winneba Highway.

Gardaí have arrested a man in his 30s in connection with an incident in a rural area of Co Louth in which three people were killed. The victims were named locally as Mark and Louise O'Connor and their adult son Evan. Joining us with the latest is Conor Lally Irish Times Crime and Security Editor.

Gardaí have arrested a man in his 30s in connection with an incident in a rural area of Co Louth in which three people were killed. The victims were named locally as Mark and Louise O'Connor and their adult son Evan. Joining us with the latest is Conor Lally Irish Times Crime and Security Editor.

In this episode of First Round's On Me, we unpack the lost art of making and keeping friendships in adulthood. From the three people everyone needs in their life — the Anchor, the Expander, and the Mirror — to why adult friendships feel harder than dating, we explore how connection has shifted in the age of social media.We talk about connection fatigue vs. connection famine, why the disappearance of “third spaces” (cafes, bars, community hubs) has made us lonelier, and how friendships mirror the same awkward first hangs and overthinking that come with dating.If you've ever wondered why your social life feels stagnant, or you're craving deeper connections, this episode is your reminder: quality beats quantity.

More Democrat Violence? Sniper Shoots Three People At Texas ICE Facility, Takes Own Life

Why Did Three People Help the Quadruple Murder Suspect Austin Drummond HIDE? After four people were found dead in Lake County, Tennessee, and a baby was abandoned in a stranger's yard, authorities launched a manhunt for Austin Robert Drummond. But Drummond wasn't hiding alone. Prosecutors say three people — Tanaka Brown, Dearrah Sanders, and Giovonte Thomas — helped him along the way. They allegedly gave him shelter, clothing, phones, and rides, keeping him ahead of police for days. Each now faces their own charges for aiding a fugitive. But here's the question: did they believe his bizarre FBI informant story? Or were they simply protecting a fugitive no matter what? In this segment, retired FBI Special Agent Robin Dreeke joins Tony Brueski to break down the psychology of accomplices. Robin explains how manipulation works, how people with chaotic personal histories can still recruit others to their cause, and why loyalty, fear, or desperation can override common sense. Were these three co-conspirators? Or were they victims of manipulation themselves — convinced by Drummond's narrative that they were helping someone on a covert mission? Robin explores both sides and exposes how violence radiates outward, pulling people into the destruction long after the crime itself is committed. Watch as we dissect the accomplice angle, and uncover what it tells us about Drummond's power to manipulate, deceive, and control those around him. #AustinDrummond #TrueCrime #HiddenKillers #RobinDreeke #CourtCase #MurderCase #CrimeAnalysis #Accomplices #DeathPenalty #TrueCrimeCommunity Want to comment and watch this podcast as a video? Check out our YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenkillerspod Instagram https://www.instagram.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Facebook https://www.facebook.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Tik-Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@hiddenkillerspod X Twitter https://x.com/tonybpod Listen Ad-Free On Apple Podcasts Here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-premium-plus-ad-free-advance-episode/id1705422872

Why Did Three People Help the Quadruple Murder Suspect Austin Drummond HIDE? After four people were found dead in Lake County, Tennessee, and a baby was abandoned in a stranger's yard, authorities launched a manhunt for Austin Robert Drummond. But Drummond wasn't hiding alone. Prosecutors say three people — Tanaka Brown, Dearrah Sanders, and Giovonte Thomas — helped him along the way. They allegedly gave him shelter, clothing, phones, and rides, keeping him ahead of police for days. Each now faces their own charges for aiding a fugitive. But here's the question: did they believe his bizarre FBI informant story? Or were they simply protecting a fugitive no matter what? In this segment, retired FBI Special Agent Robin Dreeke joins Tony Brueski to break down the psychology of accomplices. Robin explains how manipulation works, how people with chaotic personal histories can still recruit others to their cause, and why loyalty, fear, or desperation can override common sense. Were these three co-conspirators? Or were they victims of manipulation themselves — convinced by Drummond's narrative that they were helping someone on a covert mission? Robin explores both sides and exposes how violence radiates outward, pulling people into the destruction long after the crime itself is committed. Watch as we dissect the accomplice angle, and uncover what it tells us about Drummond's power to manipulate, deceive, and control those around him. #AustinDrummond #TrueCrime #HiddenKillers #RobinDreeke #CourtCase #MurderCase #CrimeAnalysis #Accomplices #DeathPenalty #TrueCrimeCommunity Want to comment and watch this podcast as a video? Check out our YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenkillerspod Instagram https://www.instagram.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Facebook https://www.facebook.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Tik-Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@hiddenkillerspod X Twitter https://x.com/tonybpod Listen Ad-Free On Apple Podcasts Here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-premium-plus-ad-free-advance-episode/id1705422872

Why Did Three People Help the Quadruple Murder Suspect Austin Drummond HIDE? After four people were found dead in Lake County, Tennessee, and a baby was abandoned in a stranger's yard, authorities launched a manhunt for Austin Robert Drummond. But Drummond wasn't hiding alone. Prosecutors say three people — Tanaka Brown, Dearrah Sanders, and Giovonte Thomas — helped him along the way. They allegedly gave him shelter, clothing, phones, and rides, keeping him ahead of police for days. Each now faces their own charges for aiding a fugitive. But here's the question: did they believe his bizarre FBI informant story? Or were they simply protecting a fugitive no matter what? In this segment, retired FBI Special Agent Robin Dreeke joins Tony Brueski to break down the psychology of accomplices. Robin explains how manipulation works, how people with chaotic personal histories can still recruit others to their cause, and why loyalty, fear, or desperation can override common sense. Were these three co-conspirators? Or were they victims of manipulation themselves — convinced by Drummond's narrative that they were helping someone on a covert mission? Robin explores both sides and exposes how violence radiates outward, pulling people into the destruction long after the crime itself is committed. Watch as we dissect the accomplice angle, and uncover what it tells us about Drummond's power to manipulate, deceive, and control those around him. #AustinDrummond #TrueCrime #HiddenKillers #RobinDreeke #CourtCase #MurderCase #CrimeAnalysis #Accomplices #DeathPenalty #TrueCrimeCommunity Want to comment and watch this podcast as a video? Check out our YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenkillerspod Instagram https://www.instagram.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Facebook https://www.facebook.com/hiddenkillerspod/ Tik-Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@hiddenkillerspod X Twitter https://x.com/tonybpod Listen Ad-Free On Apple Podcasts Here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-premium-plus-ad-free-advance-episode/id1705422872

The driver of a semi-truck was arrested after a crash on Florida's Turnpike that killed three people in a crash when he made an illegal U-turn across a Florida highway. Truckers call in and share their experiences with the industry and how the DMV is doing nothing to help them. Guest Co-Host: Blake Taylor Please Like, Comment and Follow 'Broeske & Musson' on all platforms: --- The ‘Broeske & Musson Podcast’ is available on the KMJNOW app, Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever else you listen to podcasts. --- ‘Broeske & Musson' Weekdays 9-11 AM Pacific on News/Talk 580 AM & 105.9 FM KMJ | Facebook | Podcast| X | - Everything KMJ KMJNOW App | Podcasts | Facebook | X | Instagram See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is the All Local for August 17, 2025.

Students who build a support system early are more likely to succeed—and stay—in college. That's why Alma Modern created the Three Connections Challenge: a simple way for students to build meaningful relationships in their first few weeks on campus. In ... Read More » The post 589: The Three People Students Need to Succeed in College appeared first on The College Prep Podcast.

On the Monday, July 21 edition of Georgia Today: A petition calls for shutting off river access at a Macon park after three drowning deaths there last week; Georgia growers react to the announcement of a 17% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico; and with a heat advisory issued for much of Georgia today, we'll talk about the best ways to prepare for a scorcher. 

A major medical breakthrough in the UK is giving hope to hundreds of women who are carriers of a genetic illness. Newcastle University Professor of Reproductive Biology Mary Herbert spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.

AP correspondent Haya Panjwani reports on a deadly explosion in California

Joining us now to unpack this cutting-edge science which states that babies being made with three people’s DNA, are born free of hereditary diseases is Dr. Monique Zaahl, a South African geneticist with expertise in rare diseases and genomic innovation – what could this mean for South Africa? Presenter John Maytham is an actor and author-turned-talk radio veteran and seasoned journalist. His show serves a round-up of local and international news coupled with the latest in business, sport, traffic and weather. The host’s eclectic interests mean the program often surprises the audience with intriguing book reviews and inspiring interviews profiling artists. A daily highlight is Rapid Fire, just after 5:30pm. CapeTalk fans call in, to stump the presenter with their general knowledge questions. Another firm favourite is the humorous Thursday crossing with award-winning journalist Rebecca Davis, called “Plan B”. Thank you for listening to a podcast from Afternoon Drive with John Maytham Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 15:00 and 18:00 (SA Time) to Afternoon Drive with John Maytham broadcast on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/BSFy4Cn or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/n8nWt4x Subscribe to the CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/sbvVZD5 Follow us on social media: CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Eight healthy babies have been born in Britain with the help of an experimental technique that uses DNA from three people to help mothers avoid passing devastating rare diseases to their children. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can affect multiple organs, particularly those that require high energy, such as the brain, liver, heart, muscles and kidneys. The new technique has spurred considerable interest in Australia, where mitochondrial donations are allowed under the law.

Federal judges on the district level can no longer issue nationwide injunctions for the Supreme Court but they can certify class action lawsuits against the Trump administration. Plus, MAGA world remains outraged over the Trump Justice Department's efforts to seemly try to close the case on Jeffrey Epstein and those who were his clients.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this episode, we talk about the emotions and stressors related to both polyamorous dating and the tension of day-to-day life.

Are you looking to date? Listen to this Podcast Mixer episode where three people share their stories, experiences, and interests on dating. There is a common theme around the importance of friendship and maintaining a friendship while dating. If you are interested in dating, this episode is for you!

Send us a textEver tried to chase peace while dodging curveballs? You're not alone, friend. As I wrap up hosting the Summer Serenity Blueprint, I'm sitting in my own version of life's hurricane season—navigating my husband's retirement after 50 years of service, his recovery from surgery, a 1,100-mile relocation, and our new multi-generational living arrangement... with one bathroom. Talk about a life experiment!The Summer Serenity Blueprint offered three transformative days focused on realignment, release, and reconnection for women over 40 who feel soul-tired and burned out. We worked through the six pillars of the Peace Restoration Method, examining what drains our energy, releasing false guilt and invisible expectations, unplugging from hustle culture, and rediscovering forgotten dreams. The most powerful revelation? Peace isn't something we chase or a destination we arrive at—it's a practice we choose daily, especially when surrounded by cardboard boxes and complicated bathroom schedules.What emerged through tears, laughter, and countless "I thought I was the only one" moments was the understanding that we're not broken—we're just tired. And there absolutely is a way back to peace that doesn't require perfect circumstances. That's why I created the Peace in Your Pocket Kit—seven daily anchors for calm in chaos—simple reset tools you can use anywhere without elaborate rituals. Your reset can start right now with one deep breath. You don't need to figure everything out today, but please stop waiting for the chaos to end before you start reclaiming your joy. Peace is possible—even here, even now—and it's absolutely meant for you. Grab the Peace in Your Pocket Kit HEREIt's time to rediscover YOU. Join the Reignite Your Flame Facebook group—a supportive community where women like you find peace, joy, and purpose. Together, we'll nurture your mind, body, and spirit so you can shine again. Don't wait to start your journey back to yourself. Join Reignite Your Flame HERESupport the showAre you a woman over 40 who is on the verge of a mental or physical breakdown? Are you ready to invite peace, joy, and excitement into your life again? Download 5 Tips to Feel Joy Again in Under 20-Mintues AND Join the Reignite Your Flame Group on Facebook where women, just like you, come together to support, encourage, and connect. Music by Adipsia

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports a Russian attack has targeted the Ukrainian city Sumy, killing at least three people and leaving many injured, officials say.

On this special episode of the Fuel Pasión Podcast, we celebrate Cultura, Faith, and Conexiones through the stories of three incredible friends who are living out their purpose and impacting the world around them.Abel – An entrepreneur, creative force, and community leader who lives and breathes cultura. Thank you for showing us what it means to give back and stay rooted.Tarveen – Sharing the power of meaningful conexiones, she recently delivered a powerful TED Talk on healthy boundaries. Don't miss her talk — check it out here: https://lnkd.in/gxkHdVQG Al – A true example of faith in action as he courageously battles lung disease. His story inspires us to trust deeply and love well. Support Al here: GoFund Me - https://gofund.me/79c6ee6d

June 1, 2025 Acts 16:11-34 (ESV) 11 So, setting sail from Troas, we made a direct voyage to Samothrace, and the following day to Neapolis, 12 and from there to Philippi, which is a leading city of the district of Macedonia and a Roman colony. We remained in this city some days. 13 And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to the riverside, where we supposed there was a place of prayer, and we sat down and spoke to the women who had come together. 14 One who heard us was a woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple goods, who was a worshiper of God. The Lord opened her heart to pay attention to what was said by Paul. 15 And after she was baptized, and her household as well, she urged us, saying, “If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come to my house and stay.” And she prevailed upon us. 16 As we were going to the place of prayer, we were met by a slave girl who had a spirit of divination and brought her owners much gain by fortune-telling. 17 She followed Paul and us, crying out, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to you the way of salvation.” 18 And this she kept doing for many days. Paul, having become greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.” And it came out that very hour. 19 But when her owners saw that their hope of gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers. 20 And when they had brought them to the magistrates, they said, “These men are Jews, and they are disturbing our city. 21 They advocate customs that are not lawful for us as Romans to accept or practice.” 22 The crowd joined in attacking them, and the magistrates tore the garments off them and gave orders to beat them with rods. 23 And when they had inflicted many blows upon them, they threw them into prison, ordering the jailer to keep them safely. 24 Having received this order, he put them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks. 25 About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them, 26 and suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken. And immediately all the doors were opened, and everyone's bonds were unfastened. 27 When the jailer woke and saw that the prison doors were open, he drew his sword and was about to kill himself, supposing that the prisoners had escaped. 28 But Paul cried with a loud voice, “Do not harm yourself, for we are all here.” 29 And the jailer called for lights and rushed in, and trembling with fear he fell down before Paul and Silas. 30 Then he brought them out and said, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” 31 And they said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.” 32 And they spoke the word of the Lord to him and to all who were in his house. 33 And he took them the same hour of the night and washed their wounds; and he was baptized at once, he and all his family. 34 Then he brought them up into his house and set food before them. And he rejoiced along with his entire household that he had believed in God.

It's a handicap match times THREE! It's time for Beat Migs!

  Last time we spoke about the Xi'an Incident. In December 1936, tensions in China erupted as Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek faced a revolt led by his commanders, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Disillusioned by Chiang's focus on battling communists instead of the Japanese invaders, the generals swiftly captured him in a coup. Confined in Xi'an, Chiang initially resisted their demands for a united front against Japan but eventually engaged in negotiation with Zhang and the Chinese Communist Party. As public sentiment shifted against him, Chiang's predicament led to urgent discussions, culminating in an unexpected alliance with the communists. This pact aimed to consolidate Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression, marking a critical turning point in the Second Sino-Japanese War. By December 26, Chiang was released, and this uneasy collaboration set the stage for a more unified front against a common enemy, though underlying tensions remained between the factions.   #152 China Prepares for War Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Before we jump into the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, which I honestly have no idea how long will take us, I thought it would be a good idea to dedicate two episodes to how both China and Japan prepared themselves for war.  Going all the way back to the 1910s, Chinese intellectuals began to view an outright conflict between Japan and China was inevitable. In the discussions about China's strategic options, Jiang Fangzhen pioneered a strategy of protracted warfare, a concept that would later shape China's approach during the Sino-Japanese War. Having studied in Japan during his youth, Jiang developed a keen understanding of the Japanese government and military. As early as 1917, he predicted that China and Japan would become embroiled in a long-term conflict, with the battleground likely to be west of the Peiping–Wuhan and Guangzhou–Wuhan railways. In his work titled "Guofang Lun" or “On National Defense”, Jiang reiterated the importance of protracted warfare as a means to thwart Japan's aspirations for a swift victory. He argued that China should leverage its vast population and extensive territory to extend the conflict, gradually wearing down Japanese strength and turning the situation to its advantage. Jiang recommended that China not focus on defending its coastal regions but instead confront the enemy west of the Peking–Wuhan Railway.   Chiang Kai-shek would eventually come to share Jiang's belief that “the longer the war drags on, the more advantageous it will be for China.” Despite significant public criticism, both the Nationalist government and General Zhang Xueliang, decided against military resistance when Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931 and attacked Shanghai in 1932. Chiang was particularly hesitant to engage Japan directly, as he was also dealing with a Communist insurgency in central China. He feared that Chinese forces would suffer quick defeat, predicting that Japan would capture key coastal areas and critical infrastructure within just three days, crippling China by dismantling its military and economic lifelines. Following the invasion of North China Chiang was forced to adopt a firmer stance. The Nationalist government proposed a dual strategy of pursuing peace and security while simultaneously preparing for war. If peace proved impossible, China would mobilize its resources for ultimate victory through prolonged conflict. This approach was formalized in the National Defense Plan, which China adopted by prioritizing protracted warfare as its core strategy. After the Sino-Japanese clash in Shanghai on January 28, 1932, the Military Affairs Commission devised a plan that divided China into four defense areas along with a preparation area. While some troops were assigned local security, commanders were directed to concentrate their remaining forces for potential confrontations with Japan. That year, the Military Affairs Commission issued General Defense Guidelines that outlined two strategic responses to a potential Japanese invasion. The first, conservative approach focused on maintaining key positions and utilizing protracted warfare to impede the enemy. The second strategy advocated for decisive battles in key regions to thwart Japan's ambitions and protect China's territorial integrity, prioritizing disengagement from Japanese forces along the Yangtze River and coastline. In August 1935, German military adviser General Alexander von Falkenhausen provided recommendations to Chiang Kai-shek based on his predictions of Japanese advance routes into China. He identified three main routes: one from northern Hebei to Zhengzhou, the second from Shandong toward Xuzhou, and the third crossing the Yangtze River to Nanjing and onwards to Wuhan. He suggested treating the Yangtze River as the primary combat zone and highlighted Sichuan as a possible retreat area. Taking all of this into consideration. in 1936, a draft of a new National Defense Plan divided the country into four zones: a war zone, a defense zone, an internal security zone, and a preparation area. The war zone encompassed ten provinces and established strategies for retreating to predetermined defensive positions when necessary, with Sichuan designated as the main base for the war. In January 1937, the Chinese General Staff Department introduced its annual War Plan, outlining three possible military conflict regions between China and Japan. It proposed two main strategies: Proposal A emphasized sustained combat and retreat to fortified positions if the situation became unfavorable, aiming to eventually go on the offensive against Japan. Proposal B focused on repelling Japanese invasions along the coast and from the north, prioritizing counter offensives against Japanese units stationed near key locations. To prepare, the NRA completed several critical projects outlined in its plans, establishing military supply depots in Nanjing, Bengbu, Xinyang, Huayin, Nanchang, and Wuchang to manage logistics for supplies across various strategic railways. These depots were equipped to sustain the military, with ample ammunition and provisions, including 60 million rounds of small-arms ammunition and food for hundreds of thousands. Despite these preparations, not all projects were completed by the time war broke out in July 1937. In contrast to the Japanese military's tactics, Chinese forces prioritized defensive strategies. For example, at the Mount Lushan Military Officer Training Camp in July 1934, Chiang Kai-shek outlined four possible approaches against Japan, favoring a defense-as-offense strategy. Other options included building fortifications, tenaciously defending key positions, and employing guerrilla warfare through irregular forces to constrain enemy advances. Chiang stressed the importance of national mobilization for the war effort.  There was a significant disparity in equipment between the Japanese and Chinese armies. To give you an idea, each Japanese division included a mechanized group featuring thirty-nine light military vehicles and 21 light armored cars, supplemented by 6,000–7,000 horses, 200–300 automobiles, and specialized troops such as poison gas teams. In contrast, Nationalist divisions lacked any of these capabilities, a typical nationalist division theoretically had an armored regiment, but this unit was equipped with fewer than 72 armored vehicles. Another major weakness of the Nationalist forces was their insufficient artillery. In 1936, a division was officially assigned one artillery battalion, which was divided into three batteries totaling twelve guns. It also included a mechanized cannon company with four direct-fire weapons. By comparison, a Japanese division boasted four infantry regiments and one mountain artillery or field artillery regiment, with each artillery regiment comprising three field artillery battalions and one howitzer battalion. The infantry regiment itself included a mountain artillery section with four mountain guns, while the infantry battalion had one Type 70 mountain gun section with two guns. In total, a Japanese division possessed sixty-four artillery pieces of various calibers, four times the number of a Chinese division and of significantly higher quality. In reality, in 1936, twelve of the twenty elite Chinese “reformed divisions” still lacked artillery battalions. The ordnance available in the “reformed divisions” mostly consisted of the outdated Type 60 mountain gun. Nationwide, very few of the 200 divisions were equipped with any artillery, and those that did often used obsolete field artillery pieces or mountain artillery provided to local forces. Some units even relied on trench mortars as a makeshift solution. The artillery weapons came from various countries, but they frequently lacked necessary observation and signal components, and were often low on ammunition. The majority of mountain guns and field artillery were of the Type 75, which, while capable of providing fire support, had limited range and inflicted minimal damage. To give you an idea of the striking inadequacy of the Chinese artillery, during the Shanghai fighting in 1937, the mountain artillery of the Guangxi 21st Army Group could only reach targets within 1,200 yards, while Japanese field artillery had an effective range of 8,000 yards. Chinese-made mountain artillery suffered due to inferior steel-making technology; the gun shields were constructed from low-quality steel, and the barrels often overheated after firing just a few rounds, increasing the risk of explosions. Additionally, the equipment of local forces varied greatly in quality. In fact, some local units had superior equipment compared to Nationalist units. For example, before the Sino-Japanese War, troops from Yunnan were equipped with French antitank guns and heavy machine guns, which were better than the German water-cooled machine guns used by the Nationalist forces. However, the majority of local troops relied on inferior equipment; the 122nd Division under Wang Mingzhang from Sichuan, noted for its brave defense of Tengxian County during the Xuzhou Battle, was armed with locally produced light and heavy machine guns that frequently malfunctioned, and their Type 79 rifles, also made in Sichuan, were often outdated, with some dating back to the Qing Dynasty. These weapons had limited range and sometimes malfunctioned after fewer than one hundred rounds. Now before the war, both Nationalist and local forces acquired weaponry from diverse foreign and domestic sources. Even domestically produced weapons lacked standardization, with those made in Hanyang and Manchuria differing in design and specifications. Arms manufactured in Germany, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy were similarly inconsistent. Consequently, even within a single unit, the lack of uniformity created significant logistical challenges, undermining combat effectiveness, particularly in the early stages of the war. Despite Nationalist ordnance factories producing over three million rounds of small-arms ammunition daily, the incompatibility of ammunition and weapons diminished the usable quantity of ammunition. Chinese communications infrastructure was inadequate. In the Nationalist army, signal units were integrated into engineering units, leading to low-quality radio communications. In emergencies, telegrams could remain undelivered for days, and orders often had to be dispatched via postal services. By 1937, the entire country boasted only 3,000 military vehicles, necessitating heavy reliance on horses and mules for transport. To effectively equip twenty Nationalist divisions, 10,647 horses and 20,688 mules were needed, but by the end of 1935, only 6,206 horses and 4,351 mules were available. A statistic from 1936 indicated a 5 percent mortality rate among military horses, with some units experiencing a rate as high as 10 percent. The distribution of weaponry led to disputes during army reorganization efforts following the Northern Expedition. Although Chiang Kai-shek's forces were part of the regular army, the quality of their equipment varied significantly. Domestic production of weapons was limited, and imports could not close the gap. Priority was given to small arms; through army reorganization, Chiang aimed to diminish the influence of forces less loyal to him. Nationalist army staff officers observed that troops loyal to Chiang received the best weapons. Northwest and Northeast forces, having cultivated good relations with the KMT, were similarly better equipped, while Shanxi troops received inferior supplies. Troops associated with the Guangxi Clique were given even poorer quality weapons due to their leaders' stronger political ambitions. Troops regarded as “bandit forces,” such as those led by Shi Yousan, Li Hongchang, and Sun Dianying, were naturally assigned the least effective weaponry. This unequal distribution of arms increased some local forces' inclination to align with the KMT while alienating others, which inadvertently led to additional turmoil in the aftermath of the Northern Expedition. Logistical accounting within the Nationalist military was severely lacking. Military expenditures accounted for a significant portion of government spending, roughly 65.48 % in 1937, with personnel costs being the largest component. However, military units prioritized boosting their own resources over accurate accounting. Surpluses were not returned but rather utilized to reward military officers and soldiers for merits in battle, care for the wounded, or to create a reserve. Conversely, if deficits arose, troops would resort to “living off vacancies,” a practice in which they would fail to report desertions promptly and would falsely claim new soldiers had arrived. Military leaders typically appointed their most trusted subordinates to serve as accountants and logistic officers. As the war commenced, these issues became readily apparent. During the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, frontline soldiers sometimes went days without food and went months without pay. Wounded soldiers and civilians had to search tirelessly for medical treatment, and when main forces relocated, they often abandoned grain, ammunition, weapons, and petroleum along the way. General Chen Cheng, the commander in chief during the Battle of Shanghai, noted, “This phenomenon clearly revealed our inability to supply frontline troops, indicating that China remains a backward country with poor management.” Many logistical shortcomings severely impacted troop morale and combat effectiveness. In a 1933 speech, Chiang Kai-shek acknowledged that poor food, inadequate clothing, and ineffective logistics contributed to widespread desertion. Soldiers were further demoralized by reduced or embezzled salaries. A lack of professional medical staff and equipment hampered healthcare efforts, leading to high disease and mortality rates. According to official statistics from 1936, approximately 10 percent of soldiers fell ill annually, with a mortality rate as high as 5 percent. Japanese military authorities reported that one in three wounded Japanese soldiers died, while a Dutch military officer present during the early stages of the Sino-Japanese War observed that one in every two wounded Nationalist soldiers perished. Due to inadequate equipment and limited transport options, Nationalist forces were compelled to recruit farmers and rent vehicles, as they lacked essential facilities such as tents. This reliance on local resources inevitably led to frequent conflicts between military personnel and civilians. China is clearly a vast nation with an extensive coastline, requiring the construction of several significant fortresses during the modern era. These included Wusong, Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Jiangning, and Wuhan along the Yangtze River, as well as Zhenhai, Humen, and Changzhou along the seacoast. Except for the Wuhan fortress, built in 1929-1930, all other fortifications were established during the late Qing Dynasty and featured uncovered cannon batteries. These fortresses suffered from inadequate maintenance, and many of their components had become outdated and irreplaceable, rendering them militarily negligible. Following the January 1932 Shanghai Incident, the Japanese military destroyed the Wusong forts, leaving the entrance to the Yangtze River completely unfortified. Consequently, there were no defenses along the coastline from Jiangsu to Shandong, allowing the Japanese to land freely. In December 1932, the Military Affairs Commission established a fortress group tasked with constructing fortresses and defensive installations, seeking assistance from German military advisers. After the North China Incident in 1935, the Nationalist government accelerated the construction of defensive structures in line with national war planning, focusing particularly on Nanjing. The Nationalists prioritized building fortifications along the seacoast and the Yellow River, followed by key regions north of the Yellow River. The government also ordered a significant quantity of heavy artillery from Germany. This included several dozen pieces of flat-fire antiaircraft and dual-purpose heavy artillery, which were installed at fortifications in Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, and Wuhan. By the summer of 1937, the construction of nine fortified positions was complete: Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin, Ningbo, Humen, Mawei, Xiamen , Nantong, and Lianyungang. In total, China had established 41 forts and equipped them with 273 fortress cannons. Some defensive installations were poorly managed, with many units assigned to their perimeters lacking training and access to proper maps. The barbette positions in the fortresses were not well concealed and could hardly store sufficient ammunition. Troops stationed at these fortresses received little training. Despite these shortcomings, the fortresses and fortifications were not entirely ineffective. They bolstered Chinese positions along the defense line stretching from Cangxian County to Baoding and from Dexian County to Shijiazhuang, as well as in southern Shandong.  Before the war, China's political and economic center was situated along the seacoast and the Yangtze River. As Japanese influence expanded, the Nationalist government was compelled to establish bases in China's inner regions, very similar to how the USSR pulled back its industry further west after Operation barbarossa.The Japanese attack on Shanghai in 1932 prompted the Nationalists to relocate their capital to Luoyang. On March 5, during the Second Plenary Session of the KMT's Fourth Congress, the Western Capital Preparation Committee was formed to plan for the potential relocation of all governmental bodies to Xi'an in the event of full-scale war. In February 1933, the Central Political Conference approved the Northwest Development Bill, and in February 1934, the National Economic Commission set up a northwestern branch to oversee development projects in the region. On October 18, 1934, Chiang Kai-shek traveled to Lanzhou, recording in his diary that “Northwest China has abundant resources. Japan and Russia are poised to bully us. Yet, if we strengthen ourselves and develop northwest China to the fullest extent, we can turn it into a base for China's revival.” Interestingly, it was Sichuan, rather than the northwest, that became China's rear base during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. In October 1934, the Communist army evacuated its Soviet base in southern China, initiating the Long March that would ultimately end in the northwest. By this time, Chiang Kai-shek had decided to designate Sichuan as the last stronghold for China. In January 1935, the Nanchang Field Headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission, responsible for combatting the Communists and serving as the supreme military and political authority over most provinces along the Yangtze River and central China, dispatched a special advisory group to Chongqing. Following this, the Nationalist army advanced into Sichuan. On February 10, the Nationalists appointed a new provincial government in Sichuan, effectively ending the province's long-standing regionalism. On March 2, Chiang traveled to Chongqing, where he delivered a speech underscoring that “Sichuan should serve as the base for China's revival.” He stated that he was in Sichuan to oversee efforts against the Communist army and to unify the provincial administration.  After the Xinhai revolution, the Republic of China was still suing the Qing Dynasty's conscription system. However, once in power, the Nationalist government sought to establish a national military service program. In 1933, it enacted a military service law, which began implementation in 1936. This law categorized military service into two branches: service in the Nationalist army and in territorial citizen army units. Men aged eighteen to forty-five were expected to serve in the territorial units if they did not enlist in the Nationalist army. The territorial service was structured into three phases: active service lasting two to three years, first reserves for six years, and second reserves until the age of forty-five. The Ministry of Military Affairs divided China into sixty divisional conscription headquarters, initially establishing these headquarters in the six provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, and Hubei. By December 1936, approximately 50,000 new soldiers had been drafted. The military service law disproportionately favored the middle and upper classes. Government personnel were exempt from enlistment, allowing privileged families to register their children with government agencies. Similarly, students in middle and higher education were excused from service, while youth from poorer backgrounds often felt compelled to enlist due to financial constraints that limited their educational opportunities. Village and town leaders were responsible for executing the recruitment process and frequently conspired with army recruiters. Recruitment principles often favored wealthier families, with guidelines stating that one son should be drafted for every three sons, two for five sons, but no drafts if there was only one son. Wealthy families could secure exemptions for all their male children, while poor families might see their only son conscripted if they were unable to provide the requisite bribe. Town and village heads wielded significant power in recruitment. This new recruitment system also created numerous money-making opportunities. Military personnel assigned to escort draftees to their units would often allow draftees to escape for a fee. Additionally, draftees could monetize their service by agreeing to serve as substitutes for others. For some, being drafted became an occupation. For example, in 1936, 600 individuals were drafted in the Wuhu area of Anhui province, and accounts from regional administrators indicated that every draftee had either been traded, replaced, or seized. Beginning in 1929, the Nationalist government also instituted military training for high school students and older individuals. Students were required to participate in one theoretical class and one practical class each week, totaling three hours. Starting in 1934, students had to complete a three-month military training program before graduating. Graduates of military academies were employed as military instructors. By the end of 1936, over 237,000 high school students had undergone military training. This student military training was overseen by the Society for the Implementation of the Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen, which also provided political education and sometimes gathered information on students' political beliefs.  Although the Nationalists made significant efforts to improve the military training of both officers and troops, they inherited deep-seated challenges that they were unable to completely overcome. A lack of facilities, outdated training manuals, low regard for military instructors, and the ongoing influence of regionalism and warlordism hindered progress. The Japanese would also later exploit these shortcomings of the Nationalist army. The Central Military Academy, which evolved from the Whampoa Military Academy established in 1923 in Guangzhou to train officers for the Northern Expedition, became the primary training institution for junior military officers. The academy offered a basic course, lasting eighteen months, which included general education, specialized training in various subjects, and field practice. This was followed by a two-year cadet training program focused on developing the skills necessary for junior military officers. Seventeen classes were admitted before the outbreak of war. Admission to the academy was highly competitive, with military officers receiving attractive salaries. For instance, in 1935, the academy received 10,000 applications for the twelfth class, but only 7% were accepted. Upon graduation, cadets were typically assigned to divisions within the Nationalist army loyal to Chiang Kai-shek. Their training, influenced by German advisors, resulted in a high-quality cadre. In modern China, most sergeants were veterans. While some units provided training for sergeants, a lack of formal education led to their diminished status. Truly qualified sergeants were rare. During his tenure as Minister of Military Training, General Bai Chongxi proposed establishing a sergeant school and creating a professional noncommissioned officer system; however, the Ministry of Military Affairs opposed this on financial grounds. While commanding officers enjoyed rapid promotions, military instructors did not. Furthermore, there was no system for transferring instructors to field commands or assigning commanders to military academies for extended periods. Despite minor updates to cover modern warfare concepts such as tank warfare and machine guns, Qing Dynasty military manuals were still in use at the Central Military Academy at the start of the war. Yeah, 1937 they were still rocking the old Qing books. Following the establishment of the Ministry of Military Training, a bureau for military translation was set up to evaluate existing course materials and translate military manuals, but its contributions were limited. Another significant shortcoming of military instruction focused on theory at the expense of practical application.  To enhance the quality of military officers, the Nationalist army instituted specialized schools for artillery, infantry, transport, engineering, and signals starting in 1931. These institutions were considered to have high-quality administrators and facilities. The Nationalists adopted German military training models, replacing the previously used Japanese models. They appointed German advisors to oversee instructor training at military academies and established three instructional divisions. By the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, 15,000 students had graduated from programs with a German military influence, resulting in the creation of about fifty combat divisions from these instructional units. However, the progress of other Nationalist army units was limited because their training was not aligned with contemporary battlefield realities. Before World War I, troops operated in close formations due to limited firepower. The widespread introduction of machine guns after World War I necessitated a shift to dispersed formations. Although a new drill manual issued by the Ministry of Military Training in 1935 introduced small-group tactics, few units adopted these methods. General Chen Cheng highlighted another underlying issue in 1938, commenting on the outmoded focus on parade ground drills and formal military manners. He noted, “We have paid too much attention to stereotypical formality and procedures of no practical use. Sometimes, even though soldiers could not get a haircut or take a bath for several months, their camps had to be in order. They underwent intensive training in close-order drill but learned little about gun handling, marksmanship, or maneuvering. This was inappropriate in peacetime, yet we continued this practice even after the Sino-Japanese War started, even using it on highly educated youth.” In contrast, the Communist army simplified training, emphasizing two essential skills: live-fire exercises and physical endurance, which significantly enhanced troop effectiveness in the challenging terrain characteristic of the Sino-Japanese War. Ultimately, the Nationalist army's training did not reach all soldiers. Only about half of all combat soldiers received adequate training, while the rest were neglected. According to statistics from the time, there were approximately five million military personnel during the Sino-Japanese War, with three million serving in logistics. Most of these logistics personnel had received little training, leading to disastrous consequences for overall combat effectiveness. As warfare has become more complex, the role of highly trained staff officers has become increasingly important. Napoleon developed operational plans close to the front and communicated orders via courier. During World War I, military commanders collected information at their headquarters and utilized telephones and automobiles to relay orders to the front lines. In World War II, with the battlefield expanding to include land, sea, and air, senior commanders often made decisions from headquarters far from the action, relying on a significant number of staff officers with specialized skills to keep them informed. In China, however, the staff officer system was underdeveloped. By 1937, only about 2,000 commanders and staff officers had received training. Prior to the Sino-Japanese War, most commanders managed staff work themselves, with staff officers serving primarily as military secretaries who drafted orders, reports, and maps. Many staff officers had no formal military training, and as a whole, the branch lacked respect, causing the most talented officers to avoid serving in it. The situation was even more dire for staff officer departments within local forces. For example, in March 1937, Liu Ziqing, a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy, was appointed as the director of political instruction in the Forty-fourth Army, a unit under Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang. Liu Ziqing's account illustrates the dysfunction within the ranks: “The commander in chief was not supposed to manage the army and even did not know its whereabouts... But he could appoint relatives and former subordinates—who were officials and businessmen as well—to the army. Each month they would receive a small stipend. At headquarters, there was a long table and two rows of chairs. Around ten o'clock in the morning, senior officers signed in to indicate their presence. Those with other business would leave, while the remaining officers sat down to leisurely discuss star actresses, fortune-telling, business projects, mah-jongg, and opium. Occasionally they would touch on national affairs, chat about news articles, or share local gossip. In the afternoons, they primarily played mah-jongg, held banquets, and visited madams. Most mornings, the commander usually presided over these activities, and at first, I reported for duty as well. But I soon realized it was a waste of time and came very rarely. At headquarters, most staff members wore long gowns or Western-style suits, while military uniforms were a rare sight.” Most senior military personnel were trained at the Baoding Military Academy during the early republic. 2/3rds of commanders in chief, 37 %of army commanders, and 20 % of division commanders were Baoding graduates. Higher-ranking officers were more likely to have launched their careers there. In contrast, only 10 % of division commanders and a few army commanders were graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy. Additionally, commanders trained in local military schools and those with combat experience accounted for 1/3rd of all commanders. While the prevalence of civil war provided opportunities for rapid promotion, it also hindered officers' ability to update their training or gain experience in different military branches. German advisors expressed their concerns to Chiang Kai-shek, emphasizing that officers should first serve in junior roles before taking command. During one battle in 1938, Chiang noted, “Our commanders in chief are equivalent only to our enemy's regiment commanders, and our army and division commanders are only as competent as our enemy's battalion and company commanders.” Despite not viewing high-ranking Japanese officers as great strategists, Nationalist officers respected them as highly competent, diligent, and professional commanders who rarely made critical errors. The infantry was the primary component of the Nationalist army, with middle and junior infantry officers constituting over 80 %of all army officers. A 1936 registry of military officers listed 1,105 colonels and 2,159 lieutenant colonels within the infantry, demonstrating a significant outnumbering of Baoding graduates at ranks below lieutenant colonel. However, the quality of middle and junior infantry officers declined during the Sino-Japanese War; by 1944, only 27.3 % of these officers were from formal military academies, while those promoted from the ranks increased to 28.1 %. In 1937, 80 % of officers in an ordinary infantry battalion were military academy graduates, but this percentage dropped to 20 % during the war. Its hard to tell how educated soldiers were before the war, but it is generally believed that most were illiterate. In 1929, sociologist Tao Menghe surveyed 946 soldiers from a Shanxi garrison brigade and found that only 13 percent could compose a letter independently, while the rest had either never learned to read or were unable to write. In contrast, in August 1938, General Feng Yuxiang found that 80 percent of a regiment in Hunan were literate. Regardless, during the Sino-Japanese War, the quality of recruits steadily declined. More than 90 percent of soldiers were illiterate, and few possessed any basic scientific knowledge, which hindered their ability to master their weapons. On the battlefield, they heavily relied on middle and junior officers for guidance.  In autumn 1933, General Hans von Seeckt, the architect of the post World War I German army, visited China at the personal invitation of Chiang Kai-shek. In his recommendations for military reform, he identified China's greatest problem as its excessively large forces drawn from diverse backgrounds. He stated, “At present, the most pressing goal is to... establish a small, well-equipped army with high morale and combat effectiveness to replace the numerous poorly armed and trained forces.” He suggested forming an army of sixty divisions and recommended the establishment of a training regiment for military officers to equip them with the skills needed for modern warfare. Chiang Kai-shek accepted von Seeckt's proposals, and on January 26, 1935, he convened a National Military Reorganization Conference in Nanjing. On March 1, the Army Reorganization Bureau was established in Wuchang, under the leadership of General Chen Cheng. In the same month, General Alexander von Falkenhausen took charge of the German Military Advisors Group. Before war broke out, around nineteen divisions, roughly 300,000 troops received training from German advisors and were equipped with German-style weapons. At the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, the forces stemming from the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the Whampoa cadets, who had fought in the Northern Expedition, held the highest reputation and were referred to as the “core central forces” by the Japanese. Other notable forces included the Guangxi Army, Northwestern Army, Northeastern Army, some Uyghur units, the Guangdong Army, and the Shanxi Army. In contrast, provincial forces such as the Yunnan Army and Sichuan Army were viewed less favorably. Nationalist forces were generally far inferior to those of the Japanese enemy. In 1937, General He Yingqin noted that Nationalist forces had failed to prevail in 1932 and 1933, even when outnumbering the Japanese by 4-1.  In November 1937, during a national defense conference, Chiang Kai-shek stated, "In recent years we have worked hard, prepared actively, and achieved national unification. By the time of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, we were in a better domestic situation and had improved military preparedness compared to before. Since 1935, our strength has doubled. It increased by more than two to three times since January 1932 or September 1931 [when Japan attacked Shanghai and Mukden]. If peace had been achievable, we should have delayed the war for two or three years. Given an additional three years, our defensive capabilities would have been drastically different... Now, if we merely compare the military strength of China and Japan, we are certainly inferior." However, such assessments were overly optimistic, as Chiang failed to recognize that Japan's military capabilities would not have stagnated. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek certainly was dealt a difficult hand of cards for the upcoming poker match he was to play. Yet the Chinese were resilient and they had to be for the absolute horror that would be inflicted upon them from 1937-1945. Until this point, their enemies had been far more lenient, the Empire of Japan would show no mercy.

A stabbing attack at Hamburg's main train station has left 17 people injured, including three in critical condition. Police say the assailant, a 39-year-old German woman, acted alone and was arrested without incident. Investigators do not currently suspect political extremism as the motive, but rather believe a mental health issue is to blame.

A blaze at a former RAF base in Oxfordshire has killed two firefighters and a member of the public. Two more firefighters suffered serious injuries and are being treated in hospital. Also: The Hamas-run civil defence agency says that nearly 100 people have been killed in hours of intense Israeli strikes, focussed on northern Gaza. And a report has found the Scottish government failed to properly scrutinise lavish spending at the body which regulates Scottish Water.

Kyle is the cofounder of Depot.  Depot accelerates your Docker image builds and GitHub Actions workflows. Kyle shares how Depot were able to grow to $1M ARR and beyond with a very lean team.This episode is brought to you by WorkOS. If you're thinking about selling to enterprise customers, WorkOS can help you add enterprise features like Single Sign On and audit logs. Links:Depot Kyle Galbraith 

Plus, an accused murderer is on the lose in Kaufman County, and the victim's family says it never should have happened. There's nothing better than a fan finding a crowd mic and taking advantage of the situation. And during a Sunday evening blitz of social media posts, Donald Trump demanded that one of the most notorious prisons in American history be reopened.

This is your All Local update on April 20, 2025.

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Overnight rain soaked southern California. Local officials have their eye on burn scar areas, bracing for moving mud. Three people face federal charges over false FEMA claims linked to the recent fires. Checking in on the night life during Ramadan. Plus, more.Support The L.A. Report by donating at LAist.com/join and by visiting https://laist.comSupport the show: https://laist.com

Golf returns to Wrigley Field, and more.

When three people eat bread together, they are required to recite the introductory Zimun before Birkat Ha'mazon. The Shulhan Aruch writes that it is a Misva to try to arrange that a Zimun will be required. This means that if two people eat together, it is a Misva for them to try to find a third person to join them so they can recite a Zimun. Of course, in such a case, this third individual must also eat. In order for a Zimun to be recited, it does not suffice for the third person to be present; he must also eat. There is a disagreement among the Halachic authorities as to what this third person must eat for a Zimun to be recited. The Shulhan Aruch writes that this third individual must eat bread, but the Rama (Rav Moshe Isserles of Cracow, 1530-1572) maintained that he may eat other foods, as well, such as fruits, vegetables or "Mezonot" foods, or even drink a cup of wine. The Mishna Berura (Rav Yisrael Meir Kagan of Radin, 1839-1933) cites numerous other Poskim who followed this view. And, the Keneset Ha'gedola (Rav Haim Benbenishti, Turkey, 1603-1673) writes that it was customary in his time to give the third fellow other foods – such as vegetables or "Mezonot" food – so a Zimun could be recited. Although this was not the position of the Shulhan Aruch, nevertheless, Hacham Ovadia Yosef (both in Yehaveh Da'at, vol. 4, and in Halichot Olam) asserted that nowadays, even the Shulhan Aruch would allow the third individual to eat other foods. He explained that in earlier generations, when a Zimun was conducted, the one who led the Zimun also recited Birkat Ha'mazon aloud on behalf of the others. The leader's role was not only to lead the Zimun, but also to be the only one in the group reciting Birkat Ha'mazon, while the others fulfilled their obligation by listening attentively to his recitation. Nowadays, of course, the accepted custom is for each individual to personally recite Birkat Ha'mazon, and today one may not fulfill the obligation of Birkat Ha'mazon by listening to its recitation by another person. Hacham Ovadia thus proposed that it was only in earlier generations, when a Zimun meant that only one person would recite Birkat Ha'mazon on behalf of the entire group, that three people needed to eat bread for a Zimun to take place. Nowadays, however, when a Zimun entails only the introduction to Birkat Ha'mazon, it suffices for the third individual to have eaten any food (or to have drunk wine), and he does not need to eat bread. Therefore, if two people ate together, they should try to find a third person and feed him any food, so a Zimun can be recited. One of the two who ate bread should recite the Zimun, after which those two recite Birkat Ha'mazon, and the third recites the appropriate Beracha Aharona. Summary: If two people ate bread together, they should, if possible, try to find a third person to join them so they can recite a Zimun. The third person does not have to eat bread to warrant a Zimun; it suffices for him to eat other foods or drink wine.

Miki and Joe from Morning Joe have mad fools of themselves for begging Trump to allow them back into the fold. Mark Interviews Bill O'Reilly: Mark and Bill talked about Kamala Harris spending donations to hire celebrities to appear at her rallies. Will Trump be able to convince Republicans to confirm Matt Gaetz.

Andrew C.M. Cooper: The Ethical Imperative Andrew C.M. Cooper is an executive leader and apologist for compassionate business practices. He led as a history-making first Millennial and Black executive to serve as General Counsel of UPS Airlines, the world's largest logistics airline with over 20,000 employees. His team was essential to the success of Operation Warp Speed, the United States' pandemic vaccine relief effort. He's the author of The Ethical Imperative: Leading with Conscience to Shape the Future of Business*. We all know the power of relationships to help us grow. However, we don't always seek out some of the non-traditional relationships that might help most. In this conversation, Andrew and I discuss three types of people we often overlook that will help us grow. Key Points Many of us invest in organic, traditional relationships. Those are important, but not sufficient in such a dynamic world. Invest 30% of your time into relationships that will add skills, knowledge, or insights you can't develop yourself. Shifters observe well, read between the lines, and help us adapt in uncertain and changing situations. Connectors will help your expand professional affiliations. Having a connector in your corner can be as helpful as being a connector yourself. People who first appear as sharks may be benevolent antagonists. Listen for what others around them say to determine who might challenge you in healthy ways. Resources Mentioned The Ethical Imperative: Leading with Conscience to Shape the Future of Business* by Andrew C.M. Cooper Interview Notes Download my interview notes in PDF format (free membership required). Related Episodes How to Strengthen Your Network, with Marissa King (episode 525) How to Build a Network While Still Doing Everything Else, with Ruth Gotian (episode 591) How to Recognize Remarkable People, with Guy Kawasaki (episode 671) Production Credit Coaching for Leaders is edited by Andrew Kroeger. Production support is provided by Sierra Priest. Discover More Activate your free membership for full access to the entire library of interviews since 2011, searchable by topic. To accelerate your learning, uncover more inside Coaching for Leaders Plus.