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  Last time we spoke about the Xi'an Incident. In December 1936, tensions in China erupted as Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek faced a revolt led by his commanders, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Disillusioned by Chiang's focus on battling communists instead of the Japanese invaders, the generals swiftly captured him in a coup. Confined in Xi'an, Chiang initially resisted their demands for a united front against Japan but eventually engaged in negotiation with Zhang and the Chinese Communist Party. As public sentiment shifted against him, Chiang's predicament led to urgent discussions, culminating in an unexpected alliance with the communists. This pact aimed to consolidate Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression, marking a critical turning point in the Second Sino-Japanese War. By December 26, Chiang was released, and this uneasy collaboration set the stage for a more unified front against a common enemy, though underlying tensions remained between the factions.   #152 China Prepares for War Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Before we jump into the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, which I honestly have no idea how long will take us, I thought it would be a good idea to dedicate two episodes to how both China and Japan prepared themselves for war.  Going all the way back to the 1910s, Chinese intellectuals began to view an outright conflict between Japan and China was inevitable. In the discussions about China's strategic options, Jiang Fangzhen pioneered a strategy of protracted warfare, a concept that would later shape China's approach during the Sino-Japanese War. Having studied in Japan during his youth, Jiang developed a keen understanding of the Japanese government and military. As early as 1917, he predicted that China and Japan would become embroiled in a long-term conflict, with the battleground likely to be west of the Peiping–Wuhan and Guangzhou–Wuhan railways. In his work titled "Guofang Lun" or “On National Defense”, Jiang reiterated the importance of protracted warfare as a means to thwart Japan's aspirations for a swift victory. He argued that China should leverage its vast population and extensive territory to extend the conflict, gradually wearing down Japanese strength and turning the situation to its advantage. Jiang recommended that China not focus on defending its coastal regions but instead confront the enemy west of the Peking–Wuhan Railway.   Chiang Kai-shek would eventually come to share Jiang's belief that “the longer the war drags on, the more advantageous it will be for China.” Despite significant public criticism, both the Nationalist government and General Zhang Xueliang, decided against military resistance when Japan invaded Manchuria in September 1931 and attacked Shanghai in 1932. Chiang was particularly hesitant to engage Japan directly, as he was also dealing with a Communist insurgency in central China. He feared that Chinese forces would suffer quick defeat, predicting that Japan would capture key coastal areas and critical infrastructure within just three days, crippling China by dismantling its military and economic lifelines. Following the invasion of North China Chiang was forced to adopt a firmer stance. The Nationalist government proposed a dual strategy of pursuing peace and security while simultaneously preparing for war. If peace proved impossible, China would mobilize its resources for ultimate victory through prolonged conflict. This approach was formalized in the National Defense Plan, which China adopted by prioritizing protracted warfare as its core strategy. After the Sino-Japanese clash in Shanghai on January 28, 1932, the Military Affairs Commission devised a plan that divided China into four defense areas along with a preparation area. While some troops were assigned local security, commanders were directed to concentrate their remaining forces for potential confrontations with Japan. That year, the Military Affairs Commission issued General Defense Guidelines that outlined two strategic responses to a potential Japanese invasion. The first, conservative approach focused on maintaining key positions and utilizing protracted warfare to impede the enemy. The second strategy advocated for decisive battles in key regions to thwart Japan's ambitions and protect China's territorial integrity, prioritizing disengagement from Japanese forces along the Yangtze River and coastline. In August 1935, German military adviser General Alexander von Falkenhausen provided recommendations to Chiang Kai-shek based on his predictions of Japanese advance routes into China. He identified three main routes: one from northern Hebei to Zhengzhou, the second from Shandong toward Xuzhou, and the third crossing the Yangtze River to Nanjing and onwards to Wuhan. He suggested treating the Yangtze River as the primary combat zone and highlighted Sichuan as a possible retreat area. Taking all of this into consideration. in 1936, a draft of a new National Defense Plan divided the country into four zones: a war zone, a defense zone, an internal security zone, and a preparation area. The war zone encompassed ten provinces and established strategies for retreating to predetermined defensive positions when necessary, with Sichuan designated as the main base for the war. In January 1937, the Chinese General Staff Department introduced its annual War Plan, outlining three possible military conflict regions between China and Japan. It proposed two main strategies: Proposal A emphasized sustained combat and retreat to fortified positions if the situation became unfavorable, aiming to eventually go on the offensive against Japan. Proposal B focused on repelling Japanese invasions along the coast and from the north, prioritizing counter offensives against Japanese units stationed near key locations. To prepare, the NRA completed several critical projects outlined in its plans, establishing military supply depots in Nanjing, Bengbu, Xinyang, Huayin, Nanchang, and Wuchang to manage logistics for supplies across various strategic railways. These depots were equipped to sustain the military, with ample ammunition and provisions, including 60 million rounds of small-arms ammunition and food for hundreds of thousands. Despite these preparations, not all projects were completed by the time war broke out in July 1937. In contrast to the Japanese military's tactics, Chinese forces prioritized defensive strategies. For example, at the Mount Lushan Military Officer Training Camp in July 1934, Chiang Kai-shek outlined four possible approaches against Japan, favoring a defense-as-offense strategy. Other options included building fortifications, tenaciously defending key positions, and employing guerrilla warfare through irregular forces to constrain enemy advances. Chiang stressed the importance of national mobilization for the war effort.  There was a significant disparity in equipment between the Japanese and Chinese armies. To give you an idea, each Japanese division included a mechanized group featuring thirty-nine light military vehicles and 21 light armored cars, supplemented by 6,000–7,000 horses, 200–300 automobiles, and specialized troops such as poison gas teams. In contrast, Nationalist divisions lacked any of these capabilities, a typical nationalist division theoretically had an armored regiment, but this unit was equipped with fewer than 72 armored vehicles. Another major weakness of the Nationalist forces was their insufficient artillery. In 1936, a division was officially assigned one artillery battalion, which was divided into three batteries totaling twelve guns. It also included a mechanized cannon company with four direct-fire weapons. By comparison, a Japanese division boasted four infantry regiments and one mountain artillery or field artillery regiment, with each artillery regiment comprising three field artillery battalions and one howitzer battalion. The infantry regiment itself included a mountain artillery section with four mountain guns, while the infantry battalion had one Type 70 mountain gun section with two guns. In total, a Japanese division possessed sixty-four artillery pieces of various calibers, four times the number of a Chinese division and of significantly higher quality. In reality, in 1936, twelve of the twenty elite Chinese “reformed divisions” still lacked artillery battalions. The ordnance available in the “reformed divisions” mostly consisted of the outdated Type 60 mountain gun. Nationwide, very few of the 200 divisions were equipped with any artillery, and those that did often used obsolete field artillery pieces or mountain artillery provided to local forces. Some units even relied on trench mortars as a makeshift solution. The artillery weapons came from various countries, but they frequently lacked necessary observation and signal components, and were often low on ammunition. The majority of mountain guns and field artillery were of the Type 75, which, while capable of providing fire support, had limited range and inflicted minimal damage. To give you an idea of the striking inadequacy of the Chinese artillery, during the Shanghai fighting in 1937, the mountain artillery of the Guangxi 21st Army Group could only reach targets within 1,200 yards, while Japanese field artillery had an effective range of 8,000 yards. Chinese-made mountain artillery suffered due to inferior steel-making technology; the gun shields were constructed from low-quality steel, and the barrels often overheated after firing just a few rounds, increasing the risk of explosions. Additionally, the equipment of local forces varied greatly in quality. In fact, some local units had superior equipment compared to Nationalist units. For example, before the Sino-Japanese War, troops from Yunnan were equipped with French antitank guns and heavy machine guns, which were better than the German water-cooled machine guns used by the Nationalist forces. However, the majority of local troops relied on inferior equipment; the 122nd Division under Wang Mingzhang from Sichuan, noted for its brave defense of Tengxian County during the Xuzhou Battle, was armed with locally produced light and heavy machine guns that frequently malfunctioned, and their Type 79 rifles, also made in Sichuan, were often outdated, with some dating back to the Qing Dynasty. These weapons had limited range and sometimes malfunctioned after fewer than one hundred rounds. Now before the war, both Nationalist and local forces acquired weaponry from diverse foreign and domestic sources. Even domestically produced weapons lacked standardization, with those made in Hanyang and Manchuria differing in design and specifications. Arms manufactured in Germany, France, Russia, Japan, and Italy were similarly inconsistent. Consequently, even within a single unit, the lack of uniformity created significant logistical challenges, undermining combat effectiveness, particularly in the early stages of the war. Despite Nationalist ordnance factories producing over three million rounds of small-arms ammunition daily, the incompatibility of ammunition and weapons diminished the usable quantity of ammunition. Chinese communications infrastructure was inadequate. In the Nationalist army, signal units were integrated into engineering units, leading to low-quality radio communications. In emergencies, telegrams could remain undelivered for days, and orders often had to be dispatched via postal services. By 1937, the entire country boasted only 3,000 military vehicles, necessitating heavy reliance on horses and mules for transport. To effectively equip twenty Nationalist divisions, 10,647 horses and 20,688 mules were needed, but by the end of 1935, only 6,206 horses and 4,351 mules were available. A statistic from 1936 indicated a 5 percent mortality rate among military horses, with some units experiencing a rate as high as 10 percent. The distribution of weaponry led to disputes during army reorganization efforts following the Northern Expedition. Although Chiang Kai-shek's forces were part of the regular army, the quality of their equipment varied significantly. Domestic production of weapons was limited, and imports could not close the gap. Priority was given to small arms; through army reorganization, Chiang aimed to diminish the influence of forces less loyal to him. Nationalist army staff officers observed that troops loyal to Chiang received the best weapons. Northwest and Northeast forces, having cultivated good relations with the KMT, were similarly better equipped, while Shanxi troops received inferior supplies. Troops associated with the Guangxi Clique were given even poorer quality weapons due to their leaders' stronger political ambitions. Troops regarded as “bandit forces,” such as those led by Shi Yousan, Li Hongchang, and Sun Dianying, were naturally assigned the least effective weaponry. This unequal distribution of arms increased some local forces' inclination to align with the KMT while alienating others, which inadvertently led to additional turmoil in the aftermath of the Northern Expedition. Logistical accounting within the Nationalist military was severely lacking. Military expenditures accounted for a significant portion of government spending, roughly 65.48 % in 1937, with personnel costs being the largest component. However, military units prioritized boosting their own resources over accurate accounting. Surpluses were not returned but rather utilized to reward military officers and soldiers for merits in battle, care for the wounded, or to create a reserve. Conversely, if deficits arose, troops would resort to “living off vacancies,” a practice in which they would fail to report desertions promptly and would falsely claim new soldiers had arrived. Military leaders typically appointed their most trusted subordinates to serve as accountants and logistic officers. As the war commenced, these issues became readily apparent. During the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, frontline soldiers sometimes went days without food and went months without pay. Wounded soldiers and civilians had to search tirelessly for medical treatment, and when main forces relocated, they often abandoned grain, ammunition, weapons, and petroleum along the way. General Chen Cheng, the commander in chief during the Battle of Shanghai, noted, “This phenomenon clearly revealed our inability to supply frontline troops, indicating that China remains a backward country with poor management.” Many logistical shortcomings severely impacted troop morale and combat effectiveness. In a 1933 speech, Chiang Kai-shek acknowledged that poor food, inadequate clothing, and ineffective logistics contributed to widespread desertion. Soldiers were further demoralized by reduced or embezzled salaries. A lack of professional medical staff and equipment hampered healthcare efforts, leading to high disease and mortality rates. According to official statistics from 1936, approximately 10 percent of soldiers fell ill annually, with a mortality rate as high as 5 percent. Japanese military authorities reported that one in three wounded Japanese soldiers died, while a Dutch military officer present during the early stages of the Sino-Japanese War observed that one in every two wounded Nationalist soldiers perished. Due to inadequate equipment and limited transport options, Nationalist forces were compelled to recruit farmers and rent vehicles, as they lacked essential facilities such as tents. This reliance on local resources inevitably led to frequent conflicts between military personnel and civilians. China is clearly a vast nation with an extensive coastline, requiring the construction of several significant fortresses during the modern era. These included Wusong, Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Jiangning, and Wuhan along the Yangtze River, as well as Zhenhai, Humen, and Changzhou along the seacoast. Except for the Wuhan fortress, built in 1929-1930, all other fortifications were established during the late Qing Dynasty and featured uncovered cannon batteries. These fortresses suffered from inadequate maintenance, and many of their components had become outdated and irreplaceable, rendering them militarily negligible. Following the January 1932 Shanghai Incident, the Japanese military destroyed the Wusong forts, leaving the entrance to the Yangtze River completely unfortified. Consequently, there were no defenses along the coastline from Jiangsu to Shandong, allowing the Japanese to land freely. In December 1932, the Military Affairs Commission established a fortress group tasked with constructing fortresses and defensive installations, seeking assistance from German military advisers. After the North China Incident in 1935, the Nationalist government accelerated the construction of defensive structures in line with national war planning, focusing particularly on Nanjing. The Nationalists prioritized building fortifications along the seacoast and the Yellow River, followed by key regions north of the Yellow River. The government also ordered a significant quantity of heavy artillery from Germany. This included several dozen pieces of flat-fire antiaircraft and dual-purpose heavy artillery, which were installed at fortifications in Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, and Wuhan. By the summer of 1937, the construction of nine fortified positions was complete: Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin, Ningbo, Humen, Mawei, Xiamen , Nantong, and Lianyungang. In total, China had established 41 forts and equipped them with 273 fortress cannons. Some defensive installations were poorly managed, with many units assigned to their perimeters lacking training and access to proper maps. The barbette positions in the fortresses were not well concealed and could hardly store sufficient ammunition. Troops stationed at these fortresses received little training. Despite these shortcomings, the fortresses and fortifications were not entirely ineffective. They bolstered Chinese positions along the defense line stretching from Cangxian County to Baoding and from Dexian County to Shijiazhuang, as well as in southern Shandong.  Before the war, China's political and economic center was situated along the seacoast and the Yangtze River. As Japanese influence expanded, the Nationalist government was compelled to establish bases in China's inner regions, very similar to how the USSR pulled back its industry further west after Operation barbarossa.The Japanese attack on Shanghai in 1932 prompted the Nationalists to relocate their capital to Luoyang. On March 5, during the Second Plenary Session of the KMT's Fourth Congress, the Western Capital Preparation Committee was formed to plan for the potential relocation of all governmental bodies to Xi'an in the event of full-scale war. In February 1933, the Central Political Conference approved the Northwest Development Bill, and in February 1934, the National Economic Commission set up a northwestern branch to oversee development projects in the region. On October 18, 1934, Chiang Kai-shek traveled to Lanzhou, recording in his diary that “Northwest China has abundant resources. Japan and Russia are poised to bully us. Yet, if we strengthen ourselves and develop northwest China to the fullest extent, we can turn it into a base for China's revival.” Interestingly, it was Sichuan, rather than the northwest, that became China's rear base during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. In October 1934, the Communist army evacuated its Soviet base in southern China, initiating the Long March that would ultimately end in the northwest. By this time, Chiang Kai-shek had decided to designate Sichuan as the last stronghold for China. In January 1935, the Nanchang Field Headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission, responsible for combatting the Communists and serving as the supreme military and political authority over most provinces along the Yangtze River and central China, dispatched a special advisory group to Chongqing. Following this, the Nationalist army advanced into Sichuan. On February 10, the Nationalists appointed a new provincial government in Sichuan, effectively ending the province's long-standing regionalism. On March 2, Chiang traveled to Chongqing, where he delivered a speech underscoring that “Sichuan should serve as the base for China's revival.” He stated that he was in Sichuan to oversee efforts against the Communist army and to unify the provincial administration.  After the Xinhai revolution, the Republic of China was still suing the Qing Dynasty's conscription system. However, once in power, the Nationalist government sought to establish a national military service program. In 1933, it enacted a military service law, which began implementation in 1936. This law categorized military service into two branches: service in the Nationalist army and in territorial citizen army units. Men aged eighteen to forty-five were expected to serve in the territorial units if they did not enlist in the Nationalist army. The territorial service was structured into three phases: active service lasting two to three years, first reserves for six years, and second reserves until the age of forty-five. The Ministry of Military Affairs divided China into sixty divisional conscription headquarters, initially establishing these headquarters in the six provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, and Hubei. By December 1936, approximately 50,000 new soldiers had been drafted. The military service law disproportionately favored the middle and upper classes. Government personnel were exempt from enlistment, allowing privileged families to register their children with government agencies. Similarly, students in middle and higher education were excused from service, while youth from poorer backgrounds often felt compelled to enlist due to financial constraints that limited their educational opportunities. Village and town leaders were responsible for executing the recruitment process and frequently conspired with army recruiters. Recruitment principles often favored wealthier families, with guidelines stating that one son should be drafted for every three sons, two for five sons, but no drafts if there was only one son. Wealthy families could secure exemptions for all their male children, while poor families might see their only son conscripted if they were unable to provide the requisite bribe. Town and village heads wielded significant power in recruitment. This new recruitment system also created numerous money-making opportunities. Military personnel assigned to escort draftees to their units would often allow draftees to escape for a fee. Additionally, draftees could monetize their service by agreeing to serve as substitutes for others. For some, being drafted became an occupation. For example, in 1936, 600 individuals were drafted in the Wuhu area of Anhui province, and accounts from regional administrators indicated that every draftee had either been traded, replaced, or seized. Beginning in 1929, the Nationalist government also instituted military training for high school students and older individuals. Students were required to participate in one theoretical class and one practical class each week, totaling three hours. Starting in 1934, students had to complete a three-month military training program before graduating. Graduates of military academies were employed as military instructors. By the end of 1936, over 237,000 high school students had undergone military training. This student military training was overseen by the Society for the Implementation of the Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen, which also provided political education and sometimes gathered information on students' political beliefs.  Although the Nationalists made significant efforts to improve the military training of both officers and troops, they inherited deep-seated challenges that they were unable to completely overcome. A lack of facilities, outdated training manuals, low regard for military instructors, and the ongoing influence of regionalism and warlordism hindered progress. The Japanese would also later exploit these shortcomings of the Nationalist army. The Central Military Academy, which evolved from the Whampoa Military Academy established in 1923 in Guangzhou to train officers for the Northern Expedition, became the primary training institution for junior military officers. The academy offered a basic course, lasting eighteen months, which included general education, specialized training in various subjects, and field practice. This was followed by a two-year cadet training program focused on developing the skills necessary for junior military officers. Seventeen classes were admitted before the outbreak of war. Admission to the academy was highly competitive, with military officers receiving attractive salaries. For instance, in 1935, the academy received 10,000 applications for the twelfth class, but only 7% were accepted. Upon graduation, cadets were typically assigned to divisions within the Nationalist army loyal to Chiang Kai-shek. Their training, influenced by German advisors, resulted in a high-quality cadre. In modern China, most sergeants were veterans. While some units provided training for sergeants, a lack of formal education led to their diminished status. Truly qualified sergeants were rare. During his tenure as Minister of Military Training, General Bai Chongxi proposed establishing a sergeant school and creating a professional noncommissioned officer system; however, the Ministry of Military Affairs opposed this on financial grounds. While commanding officers enjoyed rapid promotions, military instructors did not. Furthermore, there was no system for transferring instructors to field commands or assigning commanders to military academies for extended periods. Despite minor updates to cover modern warfare concepts such as tank warfare and machine guns, Qing Dynasty military manuals were still in use at the Central Military Academy at the start of the war. Yeah, 1937 they were still rocking the old Qing books. Following the establishment of the Ministry of Military Training, a bureau for military translation was set up to evaluate existing course materials and translate military manuals, but its contributions were limited. Another significant shortcoming of military instruction focused on theory at the expense of practical application.  To enhance the quality of military officers, the Nationalist army instituted specialized schools for artillery, infantry, transport, engineering, and signals starting in 1931. These institutions were considered to have high-quality administrators and facilities. The Nationalists adopted German military training models, replacing the previously used Japanese models. They appointed German advisors to oversee instructor training at military academies and established three instructional divisions. By the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, 15,000 students had graduated from programs with a German military influence, resulting in the creation of about fifty combat divisions from these instructional units. However, the progress of other Nationalist army units was limited because their training was not aligned with contemporary battlefield realities. Before World War I, troops operated in close formations due to limited firepower. The widespread introduction of machine guns after World War I necessitated a shift to dispersed formations. Although a new drill manual issued by the Ministry of Military Training in 1935 introduced small-group tactics, few units adopted these methods. General Chen Cheng highlighted another underlying issue in 1938, commenting on the outmoded focus on parade ground drills and formal military manners. He noted, “We have paid too much attention to stereotypical formality and procedures of no practical use. Sometimes, even though soldiers could not get a haircut or take a bath for several months, their camps had to be in order. They underwent intensive training in close-order drill but learned little about gun handling, marksmanship, or maneuvering. This was inappropriate in peacetime, yet we continued this practice even after the Sino-Japanese War started, even using it on highly educated youth.” In contrast, the Communist army simplified training, emphasizing two essential skills: live-fire exercises and physical endurance, which significantly enhanced troop effectiveness in the challenging terrain characteristic of the Sino-Japanese War. Ultimately, the Nationalist army's training did not reach all soldiers. Only about half of all combat soldiers received adequate training, while the rest were neglected. According to statistics from the time, there were approximately five million military personnel during the Sino-Japanese War, with three million serving in logistics. Most of these logistics personnel had received little training, leading to disastrous consequences for overall combat effectiveness. As warfare has become more complex, the role of highly trained staff officers has become increasingly important. Napoleon developed operational plans close to the front and communicated orders via courier. During World War I, military commanders collected information at their headquarters and utilized telephones and automobiles to relay orders to the front lines. In World War II, with the battlefield expanding to include land, sea, and air, senior commanders often made decisions from headquarters far from the action, relying on a significant number of staff officers with specialized skills to keep them informed. In China, however, the staff officer system was underdeveloped. By 1937, only about 2,000 commanders and staff officers had received training. Prior to the Sino-Japanese War, most commanders managed staff work themselves, with staff officers serving primarily as military secretaries who drafted orders, reports, and maps. Many staff officers had no formal military training, and as a whole, the branch lacked respect, causing the most talented officers to avoid serving in it. The situation was even more dire for staff officer departments within local forces. For example, in March 1937, Liu Ziqing, a graduate of the Whampoa Military Academy, was appointed as the director of political instruction in the Forty-fourth Army, a unit under Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang. Liu Ziqing's account illustrates the dysfunction within the ranks: “The commander in chief was not supposed to manage the army and even did not know its whereabouts... But he could appoint relatives and former subordinates—who were officials and businessmen as well—to the army. Each month they would receive a small stipend. At headquarters, there was a long table and two rows of chairs. Around ten o'clock in the morning, senior officers signed in to indicate their presence. Those with other business would leave, while the remaining officers sat down to leisurely discuss star actresses, fortune-telling, business projects, mah-jongg, and opium. Occasionally they would touch on national affairs, chat about news articles, or share local gossip. In the afternoons, they primarily played mah-jongg, held banquets, and visited madams. Most mornings, the commander usually presided over these activities, and at first, I reported for duty as well. But I soon realized it was a waste of time and came very rarely. At headquarters, most staff members wore long gowns or Western-style suits, while military uniforms were a rare sight.” Most senior military personnel were trained at the Baoding Military Academy during the early republic. 2/3rds of commanders in chief, 37 %of army commanders, and 20 % of division commanders were Baoding graduates. Higher-ranking officers were more likely to have launched their careers there. In contrast, only 10 % of division commanders and a few army commanders were graduates of the Whampoa Military Academy. Additionally, commanders trained in local military schools and those with combat experience accounted for 1/3rd of all commanders. While the prevalence of civil war provided opportunities for rapid promotion, it also hindered officers' ability to update their training or gain experience in different military branches. German advisors expressed their concerns to Chiang Kai-shek, emphasizing that officers should first serve in junior roles before taking command. During one battle in 1938, Chiang noted, “Our commanders in chief are equivalent only to our enemy's regiment commanders, and our army and division commanders are only as competent as our enemy's battalion and company commanders.” Despite not viewing high-ranking Japanese officers as great strategists, Nationalist officers respected them as highly competent, diligent, and professional commanders who rarely made critical errors. The infantry was the primary component of the Nationalist army, with middle and junior infantry officers constituting over 80 %of all army officers. A 1936 registry of military officers listed 1,105 colonels and 2,159 lieutenant colonels within the infantry, demonstrating a significant outnumbering of Baoding graduates at ranks below lieutenant colonel. However, the quality of middle and junior infantry officers declined during the Sino-Japanese War; by 1944, only 27.3 % of these officers were from formal military academies, while those promoted from the ranks increased to 28.1 %. In 1937, 80 % of officers in an ordinary infantry battalion were military academy graduates, but this percentage dropped to 20 % during the war. Its hard to tell how educated soldiers were before the war, but it is generally believed that most were illiterate. In 1929, sociologist Tao Menghe surveyed 946 soldiers from a Shanxi garrison brigade and found that only 13 percent could compose a letter independently, while the rest had either never learned to read or were unable to write. In contrast, in August 1938, General Feng Yuxiang found that 80 percent of a regiment in Hunan were literate. Regardless, during the Sino-Japanese War, the quality of recruits steadily declined. More than 90 percent of soldiers were illiterate, and few possessed any basic scientific knowledge, which hindered their ability to master their weapons. On the battlefield, they heavily relied on middle and junior officers for guidance.  In autumn 1933, General Hans von Seeckt, the architect of the post World War I German army, visited China at the personal invitation of Chiang Kai-shek. In his recommendations for military reform, he identified China's greatest problem as its excessively large forces drawn from diverse backgrounds. He stated, “At present, the most pressing goal is to... establish a small, well-equipped army with high morale and combat effectiveness to replace the numerous poorly armed and trained forces.” He suggested forming an army of sixty divisions and recommended the establishment of a training regiment for military officers to equip them with the skills needed for modern warfare. Chiang Kai-shek accepted von Seeckt's proposals, and on January 26, 1935, he convened a National Military Reorganization Conference in Nanjing. On March 1, the Army Reorganization Bureau was established in Wuchang, under the leadership of General Chen Cheng. In the same month, General Alexander von Falkenhausen took charge of the German Military Advisors Group. Before war broke out, around nineteen divisions, roughly 300,000 troops received training from German advisors and were equipped with German-style weapons. At the onset of the Sino-Japanese War, the forces stemming from the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the Whampoa cadets, who had fought in the Northern Expedition, held the highest reputation and were referred to as the “core central forces” by the Japanese. Other notable forces included the Guangxi Army, Northwestern Army, Northeastern Army, some Uyghur units, the Guangdong Army, and the Shanxi Army. In contrast, provincial forces such as the Yunnan Army and Sichuan Army were viewed less favorably. Nationalist forces were generally far inferior to those of the Japanese enemy. In 1937, General He Yingqin noted that Nationalist forces had failed to prevail in 1932 and 1933, even when outnumbering the Japanese by 4-1.  In November 1937, during a national defense conference, Chiang Kai-shek stated, "In recent years we have worked hard, prepared actively, and achieved national unification. By the time of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, we were in a better domestic situation and had improved military preparedness compared to before. Since 1935, our strength has doubled. It increased by more than two to three times since January 1932 or September 1931 [when Japan attacked Shanghai and Mukden]. If peace had been achievable, we should have delayed the war for two or three years. Given an additional three years, our defensive capabilities would have been drastically different... Now, if we merely compare the military strength of China and Japan, we are certainly inferior." However, such assessments were overly optimistic, as Chiang failed to recognize that Japan's military capabilities would not have stagnated. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek certainly was dealt a difficult hand of cards for the upcoming poker match he was to play. Yet the Chinese were resilient and they had to be for the absolute horror that would be inflicted upon them from 1937-1945. Until this point, their enemies had been far more lenient, the Empire of Japan would show no mercy.

In this deeply disturbing and emotional episode, we examine the heartbreaking case of Lacey Fletcher, a Louisiana woman whose death in 2022 exposed unimaginable neglect at the hands of those who should have cared for her most—her parents.Confined to a couch for years and suffering from severe physical and emotional abuse through neglect, Lacey's story shocked the world and raised urgent questions about mental health care, caregiver responsibility, and legal accountability. We explore the forensic evidence, the medical findings, and the legal proceedings that followed her tragic death.Join us as we shed light on this devastating case and discuss how it could have been prevented—and what justice truly looks like for Lacey Fletcher.Interested in learning more about when WTF releases new episodes, contests, and more? Make sure to give us a follow on:Facebook: @whattheforensicsInstagram: @whattheforenicsTwitter: @WTForensicsPodYouTube: @whattheforensicsFor more details about the hosts, episode details, sources, and images related to each episode, check out our website at http://www.whattheforensics.caCreate your podcast today using the link: https://zencastr.com/?via=WTF #madeonzencastr #laceyfletcher #couch #melted #decomposed #mummy #abuse #neglected #autism Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This April, we're diving into some of the freshest and freakiest new titles that just dropped on Shudder! Up next is The Rule of Jenny Penn! A 2024 New Zealand psychological horror film based on Owen Marshall's short story of the same name.  Directed by James Ashcroft and starring John Lithgow and Geoffrey Rush! Confined to a secluded rest home and trapped within his stroke-ridden body, a former Judge must stop an elderly psychopath who employs a child's puppet to abuse the home's residents with deadly consequences. Did you find the horror in Jenny Pen? Let us know in the comments and don't forget to LIKE and SUBSCRIBE!

Neal & Annabelle's Dinner & A Movie: The Rule of Jenny Pen reviewNasty Neal and Annabelle Lecter review the new Shudder movie The Rule of Jenny Pen with Geoffrey Rush and John Lithgow!"Confined to a secluded rest home and trapped within his stroke-ridden body, a former Judge must stop an elderly psychopath who employs a child's puppet to abuse the home's residents with deadly consequences."#JennyPen #Shudder #GeoffreyRush #JohnLithow #DinnerAndAMovie #MovieReview

In this episode, we're looking at research from an interdisciplinary network named COSY, funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) agency. Their workgroup researching ‘Confined systems in Astrochemistry' is led by Professors Lauri Halonen from Helsinki University in Finland and Malgorzata Biczysko from Wroclaw University in Poland. They are engaged in laboratory and computational experiments on new molecules detected in the interstellar medium. Visit their site: https://cost-cosy.eu/

Defined and confined in Him | Church Service 29-03-2025 Jesudian Silvester

Is your brewery prepared to rescue a team member from an FV or other confined space? Do you train & practice rescue regularly or do you plan to just wing it when seconds matter? Special Guest: Andy Troccoli.

Send us a textWelcome to Celebrate Poe - This is episode 342 - Confined to a CastleThis episode is the fourth episode of Celebrate Poe dealing with Elizabeth Bathory, the Hungarian countess accused of serial murder.  Now it was next to impossible for a person of her statue to be imprisoned, so it was said that she was confined to a Castle in Slovakia in  until her death.The nature of Báthory's confinement - like the exact nature of her crimes - has been subject to some debate. Initially, it was believed that she was bricked into a room in the castle. However, documents from a visits by local priests in suggest she could move freely within the castle, indicating it was more akin to house arrest.Thank you for experiencing Celebrate Poe.

Work with Berlin, PA-based Center Rock Inc. (814-267-7100) - specialists in drilling equipment for the construction and mining industries. Now stocking the full range of Hütte and REICHdrill products! More details at https://centerrock.com/products/micropiles-and-anchors/ Center Rock inc City: Berlin Address: 373 Mason-Dixon Hwy Website: https://centerrock.com/

RESOURCES: Join Walking in Core Strength Today! Beth Allison Barr's website "Becoming the Pastor's Wife" by Beth Allison Barr What does it mean to be a pastor's wife? Is it a God-ordained role, or has it been shaped by culture? And how do women in ministry or marriage find freedom when their identity feels crushed under the weight of unrealistic expectations? In this powerful and eye-opening episode, Leslie sits down with Dr. Beth Allison Barr, a medieval historian, pastor's wife, and author of The Making of Biblical Womanhood and Becoming the Pastor's Wife: How Marriage Replaced Ordination as Women's Paths to Ministry. Together, they uncover the hidden history of women in the church, the pressures placed on pastor's wives, and the rise of complementarian theology that has harmed both women and men. Beth also shares practical wisdom for women navigating abusive marriages, ministry challenges, and the journey to rediscover their God-given identity. Whether you're a pastor's wife, married to a man in leadership, or simply navigating the tension between cultural expectations and God's calling, this episode will inspire you to seek truth, embrace courage, and step into the freedom God has for you. Key Takeaways: The Pastor's Wife Role: Cultural, Not Biblical Many assume the role of the pastor's wife is biblically mandated, but Beth reveals that it is a cultural construct that emerged in modern history. While the role can be valuable for those called to it, it is not the primary calling for all women. Recognizing this truth is freeing and helps dismantle harmful expectations. Empowering Lessons from Black Churches Black pastor's wives have historically embraced more freedom and authority in their roles, often co-pastoring or pursuing ministry outside their husband's church. Unlike white evangelical churches, where the pastor's wife is expected to embody the “ideal” biblical woman, Black church traditions emphasize authenticity and community support. The Legacy of Women in Church Leadership The medieval church had space for women in leadership, with figures like Mary Magdalene, Hildegard of Bingen, and Catherine of Siena preaching and holding authority. Beth challenges listeners to revisit Romans 16, where women are commended as apostles, deacons, and house church leaders, proving that women's leadership has always been part of God's design. The Rise of Complementarian Theology and Its Harm Complementarian theology, which ties women's worth to their husband's ministry, rose in the 20th century as a reaction to women gaining autonomy in society. This theology pressures women to prioritize their husband's needs over their own, often leading to emotional and spiritual harm. It also isolates pastor's wives, making it difficult for them to find support or speak out against abuse. The Burden of Perfection and the Danger of Silence Pastor's wives—and women in ministry—often feel pressured to maintain an image of perfection, from their appearance to their children's behavior. This isolation becomes dangerous when they are in abusive marriages, as speaking out can cost them everything. Leslie and Beth discuss the importance of breaking the silence, seeking support, and prioritizing safety over the preservation of harmful institutions. Becoming God-Centered, Not Husband-Centered Women are often taught to center their lives on their husbands, but true freedom comes from being God-centered. Leslie and Beth encourage listeners to seek God's voice and ask, “What are you calling me to do?” Each woman is uniquely gifted and called for a purpose beyond cultural expectations.

Week 3 | Pillar #1 - The Word As the last recorded letter from the Apostle Paul, Second Timothy takes on a deeply personal tone as he addresses his young protégé. Confined once more to prison and facing imminent death, Paul writes to Timothy, reminding him of the core principles of Christian ministry. Ultimately, Second Timothy is a powerful and urgent plea for steadfastness in the gospel despite suffering, and as the letter draws to a close, our passage sees Paul delivering what just might be his most forceful charge ever recorded. SERIES DESCRIPTION: We live in a culture where what's new is what's best. We like the updates, we like the shiny, we like the brand new. We like the smell of the new car, the peel of the wrapper off the package, of knowing that what we have is the latest and the greatest. To be sure we love the new, but what if the old was actually always the best. For that matter what if the old is actually only what renews, revives, and refreshes. That to be renewed requires going back to what has always worked. In second Corinthians chapter 3 the apostle Paul says these very important words: And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit. He's referencing Moses. Moses, who stood on the mountain top and talked directly to God. Moses, whose face shone when he came down and back to his people. Moses, whose life was never the same after he had met with the Lord on high. What if the pathway for our transformation, lay in the same direction. What if what has always worked works for us too. What if our renewal as a church lay in our beholding the Lord! Join us for a series where, as a church, we seek fix our eyes upon the Lord, and we seek to behold his glory and hearing from him directly what the priorities of our church should be. But get ready, because these priorities are nothing new, but they are every bit as transformative as they have always been! Join us as we behold and renew!

Welcome to Dark Work Daily! Tune in to explore the secrets of resilience and perseverance needed to unlock your full potential.

Gender-based violence can affect women anywhere. But how could you get out of the situation if you live in a refugee camp which neither you nor your abuser could leave? This week's story is by a Doh Athan journalist.

A nanoparticle is a tiny particle typically in the size range of one to one hundred nanometres. Nano-scale systems can exhibit unique quantum mechanical properties due to their size.  The European Association for Cooperation in Science and Technology, which recently celebrated its second anniversary, focuses on the science of confined molecular systems. In this episode, we hear about their works to uncover the properties and behaviours of metal nanoparticles and clusters. Visit their site: https://cost-cosy.eu/Read the original research:https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400147https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202301517 https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/cp/d2cp05843jhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscatal.3c02592https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951723000842https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03923

Mirror Paul's attitude today and think differently about your chains. -------- Thank you for listening! Your support of Joni and Friends helps make this show possible.   Joni and Friends envisions a world where every person with a disability finds hope, dignity, and their place in the body of Christ. Become part of the global movement today at www.joniandfriends.org.   Find more encouragement on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube.

Workers entering and working in confined spaces face a number of potentially fatal hazards such as insufficient oxygen, physical hazards including falls, and toxic or flammable atmospheres. Fortunately, new technology innovations are helping to improve their safety. Todd Connelly, Rental Sales Manager for Blackline Safety, joins the podcast to discuss why confined space entries persist as a safety concern; key considerations when evaluating CSE approaches; and how smart, connected safety solutions can help manage confined space hazards. This episode is sponsored by Blackline Safety. Over 2 million workers in the United States conduct permit-required confined space entries per year and can face life-threatening challenges. The threat of toxic and explosive gases, oxygen deficiency, and extreme temperatures mean working conditions can quickly turn deadly. But thanks to innovations in smart technology, times have changed—and safety has improved. Learn more at www.blacklinesafety.com.

The cavalry has arrived! Well…the cavalry that's left. The Bad Batch Season 3 premiere (S3, Ep. 1–3, "Confined," "Paths Unknown," and "Shadows of Tantiss”) is a confident, thrilling, beautiful arc that thrusts us back under the Empire's boot. In our discussion this week, we covered our first impressions of this gripping first installment, the disturbing implications of Project Necromancer, and the loneliness of being Hunter and Wrecker rattling around the Marauder.  Also…there is a PUPPY. Want more Growing Up Skywalker? This is a great time to sign up for our Patreon for bonus audio content!  Timestamps: 00:00:00 Who Are We? 00:03:48 Plot Overview 00:21:22 First Impressions 00:32:01 Project Necromancer 00:48:05 Character Discussions: Emerie and Hemlock 00:59:15 Bae Watch 01:06:11 Closing Thoughts

As part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology, or COST Action, Working Group 2 of the COSY network focuses on developing efficient methods for describing the motion of molecules in confined systems. Their work covers four key areas, ranging from toxic gas separation to tumour biomarker detection. Find out more about the COSY COST Action network on cost-cosy.eu Read the original research:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sstr.202400147https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP04295Ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02494https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122828https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0146680https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2024.2341106https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202205198  

In The Acolyte's season finale, a convergence around a vergence leads each of our faves back to Brendok for a final showdown. In “The Acolyte” (The Acolyte S1, Ep. 8), we see circles closing, mirrors breaking, and themes resolving…and not always for the better. Our discussion centers on justice and whether it was achieved. We also break down that gorgeous final lightsaber duel, talk through the Tragedy of Darth Plagueis the Wise, and speculate wildly on who's apprenticing whom, and how long it'll last. One thing is for sure—this show is begging for an Osha/Qimir messaround via a Season 2. And we want it too!! Next week, we're moving into the next phase of our catch-up round: The Bad Batch Season 3. We're throwing another fastball and watching the first three episodes of the new season: "Confined," "Paths Unknown," and "Shadows of Tantiss." Want more Growing Up Skywalker? This is a great time to sign up for our Patreon for bonus audio content!  Timestamps: 00:00:00 Who Are We? 00:02:52 Plot Overview 00:13:03 Mirrors, Circles, and Themes 00:35:48 The Duel, Sol, and Qimir 00:51:10 Character Arcs: Qimir, Osha, and Mae 01:07:40 Bae Watch 01:15:00 Closing Thoughts

In this episode of The DOT POD, host Josh Heller finds himself in a bit of a “tight spot” as he and co-host Anya Kardos head to Alexandria Bay, New York, to get a first-hand look at the New York State Department of Transportation's brand-new mobile Confined Space Training Trailer. Their journey offers a unique opportunity to delve into NYSDOT's enhanced confined space training and how this new mobile training unit is affording real-world scenarios to department employees statewide who navigate the complexities of working in challenging spaces. Josh and Anya welcome guests Scott Cornell and Dean Yauger with NYSDOT's Office of Safety and Health as they share the unique challenges and hazards that require specialized knowledge and skills to navigate spaces like manholes, catch basins, culverts, bridge compartments, and underground systems at our state rest areas to keep these structures and our entire network of roadways safe and running smoothly.

The crew conclude their clash with the many clawed calamities creating a cutting cave closing in on their claim.

In September of 2010, a routine public works job turned into a confined space LODD. Please join us as we review the NIOSH report.

In Anna Kavan's haunting short story "The Face of My People," we encounter Kling, a man adrift in a world he no longer recognizes. Confined to a psychiatric ward in a foreign land, Kling grapples with a past too painful to articulate and a present that seems to reject his very existence. As the staff and fellow patients struggle to understand him, Kling's isolation deepens, revealing layers of trauma and guilt that transcend mere linguistic barriers. Kavan's stark prose and keen psychological insight invite us to question the nature of belonging, the weight of survival, and the profound loneliness that can persist even in the midst of others. "The Face of My People" offers a poignant exploration of displacement and the human psyche, resonating long after the final word. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the first episode of Season 19 of Star Wars: In a Galaxy, Eli and Jacob watch and discuss the first three episodes of The Bad Batch Season 3: "Confined", "Paths Unknown", and "Shadows of Tantiss". Among their discussion: – The precise, methodical nature of "Confined". – Imperial fascism and its philosophies. – Omega's journey starting out in this season. – Fun action on Setron. – Slither vines... and Little Shop of Horrors references. – ...not the Durands again. – Ian McDiarmid never misses. – Beginning Crosshair's arc in this season. – WHAT IS PROJECT NECROMANCER? JUST TELLLL US LUCASFILM! PLEASE! The next episode of Star Wars: In a Galaxy will release on September 27, 2024. Follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and Threads: @InaGalaxyPod Follow our spinoff trivia show on Twitter: @inagalaxytrivia Follow Eli everywhere: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/_ochifan327⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Leave us a 5-star rating and review on Apple and Spotify! It really helps! You can email us at swinagalaxy@gmail.com

I chat with actor Blake Watson and his writer director Ben Carland about filming this interesting space drama on a tight budget. A film worthy to check out on Amazon Prime.  Subscribe To Sci-Fi Talk Plus 

3pm: GUEST -  State Represenitatice for the 35th District Travis Couture // WA confined hundreds for sexual violence. Then it quietly began releasing them. // Phil Donahue, pioneering daytime talk show host, has died // The story of when John’s Dad went to the Phil Donahue Show // Phil Donahue co-hosts "Citizens Summit" - Leningrad-Seattle - 1985 // Pierce County Sheriff's add Cowboy Hats to Approved Uniforms // Nearly a century of experience makes for high-quality law enforcement headwear

This week, I talk with Emma Bamford about her thriller Eye of the Beholder, a feminist retelling of Hitchcock's Vertigo.  We dive into what inspired her to write a Vertigo-inspired thriller, and how well the story of controlling image still fits modern times.Eye of the Beholder SynopsisWhen Maddy Wight is hired to ghostwrite the memoir of world-renowned cosmetic surgeon Dr. Angela Reynolds, she thinks it might just be her chance to get her career back on track. She travels to Angela's remote estate in the Scottish Highlands to hunker down and learn everything she can. But the deeper she digs, the more elusive the doctor becomes. Is there more hidden beneath the surface of the kaleidoscopic beauty industry than Angela wants to reveal?Sharing the estate is Angela's enigmatic business partner, Scott, whose mercurial moods change as quickly as the conditions on the darkening moors outside. Confined to the glass-walled house, Maddy can't shake the feeling of being watched. As objects go missing, handprints appear on the windows, and a stranger lurks in the grounds, she finds herself drawn ever closer to Scott. Returning to London once the book is finished, Maddy is excited for their future together. But her dreams are shattered at the book launch when Angela learns that Scott has leapt to his death from the Scottish cliffs.Which is why, months later and lost in a fog of grief, Maddy is completely blindsided when she sees Scott entering the Tube station just in front of her. It can't be him, can it? After all, Scott is dead...or is he?In exploring the differences between looking and seeing, surface and depth, and the power of the female gaze, this tribute to Hitchcock's 1958 film masterpiece asks: If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, how much can you trust what you see?Follow Emma on InstagramFollow Kate on Instagram 

Confined to quarters after their failed mission, the kids must escape the EMH's watchful eye and decode a mysterious message left with Murf. Char and Marina do a deep-dive into the rich Trek lore built into "Observer's Paradox," celebrate the importance of Cetacean Ops in the story, and more!

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Introducing the All Def SquADD Cast show “Versus". It's a podcast with the OG SquADD! Each week, the SquADD will debate topics and vote at the end to see what wins. Versus airs every Monday and you can download and listen wherever podcasts are found. Special Guest Ronnie Jordan Keenan Baker This Week We Discuss Confined To Your House For A Year vs 3 Months In Prison Wealthy With A $500 Per Day Spending Limit vs Make $500 A Week With No Expenses Successful Blind Artist vs Successful Deaf Composer S/o To Our Sponsors Rocket Money RocketMoney.com/SQUADD

Azumah v. USCIS, No. 22-2175 (4th Cir. July 9, 2024)naturalization; lawfully admitted for permanent residence; 8 C.F.R. § 316.2(b); applicant for admission Bador v. Garland, No. 22-6492 (2d Cir. July 11, 2024)INA § 237(a)(1)(H) waiver; conditional permanent resident; INA § 216(c)(4)(B); I-751; Vasquez v. Holder; bonafide marriage; Matter of Bador Aguilar v. Att'y Gen. U.S., No. 18-3320 (3d Cir. July 10, 2024)pre-trial detention; “confined as a result of conviction”; good moral character; INA § 101(f)(7); de novo review post-Chevron Calvo-Tino v. Garland, No. 23-3212 (8th Cir. July 12, 2024)past persecution; inadequate medical facilities; failure to show persecutory intent; Guatemala  Alkotof v. Garland, No. 22-10863 (11th Cir. July 12, 2024)continuance; administrative closure; prejudice; discretionary relief; U-visa; I-130 revocation Links related to Senator Murphy's Bill:Bill TextSenator's AnnouncementOne-page DescriptionAILA's AnnouncementAILA TweetSponsors and friends of the podcast!Kurzban Kurzban Tetzeli and Pratt P.A.Immigration, serious injury, and business lawyers serving clients in Florida, California, and all over the world for over 40 years.Docketwise"Modern immigration software & case management"Stafi"Remote staffing solutions for businesses of all sizes"Promo Code: stafi2024Get Started! Promo Code: FREEWant to become a patron?Click here to check out our Patreon Page!CONTACT INFORMATIONEmail: kgregg@kktplaw.comFacebook: @immigrationreviewInstagram: @immigrationreviewTwitter: @immreviewAbout your hostCase notesRecent criminal-immigration article (p.18)Featured in San Diego VoyagerDISCLAIMER & CREDITSSee Eps. 1-200Support the Show.

mage a statue of a cat confined, restrained,captive. Or is it simply a cat with chains on it.What would you think if you saw that sculpture?Join Alissa and Anthony as we delve into themystery surrounding the captive cat.

The Magick Brain: Understanding Neuroplasticity and Emotional Healing In this episode of Practically Magick, Courtney Pearl introduces herself as an emotional healer and discusses understanding the brain better. She pulls cards from the elemental Oracle deck to set the tone and bridge the discussion with the magick of science. Courtney elaborates on the importance of slowing down for effective growth and healing, shares her experiences teaching children, and emphasizes the significance of emotional awareness and mindfulness. She also delves into the science behind neuroplasticity, the NAAP model, and how we can reprogram our brains to meet our basic human needs more effectively. The episode concludes with practical advice on emotional healing and reprogramming, along with information on the services Courtney offers. 00:00 Welcome to Practically Magick 00:37 Drawing Insights from the Elemental Oracle Deck 02:23 The Message of Speed and Growth 06:09 Understanding the Brain and Neuroplasticity 09:47 Story Time: In Between the Shannons 18:37 The Balance of Life Lessons 22:09 Introduction to Neuro Auto Associate Programming (NAAP) 30:59 Understanding Emotional Processing 31:37 The Computer Analogy for the Brain 32:15 Identifying Outdated Programs 34:25 The Six Basic Human Needs 42:58 Confined vs. Free State of Mind 48:55 Reprogramming Your Brain 52:32 Integrative Processing Technique 54:03 Connect with Me 56:37 Final Thoughts and Acknowledgements #Podcast #Neuroplasticity #MindPower #EmotionalHealing #MentalHealth #SelfImprovement #BrainScience #Magick #Wellness #Healing

The Magick Brain: Understanding Neuroplasticity and Emotional Healing In this episode of Practically Magick, Courtney Pearl introduces herself as an emotional healer and discusses understanding the brain better. She pulls cards from the elemental Oracle deck to set the tone and bridge the discussion with the magick of science. Courtney elaborates on the importance of slowing down for effective growth and healing, shares her experiences teaching children, and emphasizes the significance of emotional awareness and mindfulness. She also delves into the science behind neuroplasticity, the NAAP model, and how we can reprogram our brains to meet our basic human needs more effectively. The episode concludes with practical advice on emotional healing and reprogramming, along with information on the services Courtney offers. 00:00 Welcome to Practically Magick 00:37 Drawing Insights from the Elemental Oracle Deck 02:23 The Message of Speed and Growth 06:09 Understanding the Brain and Neuroplasticity 09:47 Story Time: In Between the Shannons 18:37 The Balance of Life Lessons 22:09 Introduction to Neuro Auto Associate Programming (NAAP) 30:59 Understanding Emotional Processing 31:37 The Computer Analogy for the Brain 32:15 Identifying Outdated Programs 34:25 The Six Basic Human Needs 42:58 Confined vs. Free State of Mind 48:55 Reprogramming Your Brain 52:32 Integrative Processing Technique 54:03 Connect with Me 56:37 Final Thoughts and Acknowledgements #Podcast #Neuroplasticity #MindPower #EmotionalHealing #MentalHealth #SelfImprovement #BrainScience #Magick #Wellness #Healing

Tales of Three Campaign One Arc 1: The Cult of Mourning Episode 9: The Cult of Mourning Deep below the town of Grimford, The Cult of Mourning seeks to usher in the end of times. Can our Three Unlucky Ones save the day? Content Warnings: Being choked, Being restrained, Body gore and horror: dismembered limbs, exposed bone, Confined spaces, Emotional distress, Fantasy violence, Panic attacks, Profanity, Religious cults & rituals Tales of Three is an all-queer narrative-driven D&D audio drama where your 3 GM's are also your 3 PC's If you like what you hear please tell your friends about us or consider giving us a 5 star review! It's a quick and easy way to show your support for small creators whose content you enjoy! Find our socials ⁠⁠here⁠⁠!   Want to chat with the cast, talk spoilers, play games, and make new friends? Join our ⁠⁠Discord⁠⁠!   If you want to help keep the podcast running and get access to bonus content check out our ⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠! Buy us a coffee on ⁠Ko-fi⁠! Special thanks to ⁠⁠SG ⁠⁠for the theme music, ⁠⁠Chris ⁠⁠for the logo, ⁠⁠Fenn ⁠⁠& ⁠⁠Ely ⁠⁠for the character art! Background music and SFX by ⁠⁠Epidemic Sounds⁠⁠

Join Premium! Ready for an ad-free meditation experience? Join Premium now and get every episode from ALL of our podcasts completely ad-free now! Just a few clicks makes it easy for you to listen on your favorite podcast player.  Become a PREMIUM member today by going to --> https://WomensMeditationNetwork.com/premium Book your FREE 30 Minute Clarity Call with Jody now!   https://jody.as.me/womensmeditationnetworkclaritysession What is a Clarity Call? This is the first step to giving you the IMMEDIATE relief you crave and will help you to become "unstuck" as you walk the path towards a life of happiness, inner peace and fulfillment. During this call, we're going to explore your ideal life and vision for living the life that you desire. We'll talk about some of the challenges that are getting in your way, and I'll provide you with some practical tools to help you close the gap from where you are now, to your desired destination. You are a being of growth and transformation, Every moment is a new beginning, a fresh start beyond the boundaries of your past. PAUSE (5 SEC)... The weight of what has been does not define what will be. Perhaps you've been tethered by old habits, Shadows of doubt, Echoes of voices telling you, "you can't," Or the silent pull of paths once walked. PAUSE (10 SEC)... But you are not shackled to the footsteps of your history, You are free to chart a new course, to dance in the light of possibility. PAUSE (10 SEC)... Release the chains of the past, Let them dissolve in the grace of your evolution. PAUSE (10 SEC)... Embrace the present, Step into the vastness of your potential, With each breath, you carve a new path, As you liberate yourself from the confines of yesterday. PAUSE (20 SEC)... I am not confined to the ways of my past. PAUSE (10 SEC)… I am not confined to the ways of my past. PAUSE (10 SEC)… I am not confined to the ways of my past. LONG PAUSE (4 MINS)… I am not confined to the ways of my past. PAUSE (30 SEC)... Namaste, Beautiful

“Get thee up into the high mountain.” — Isaiah 40:9 Our knowledge of Christ is somewhat like climbing one of our Welsh mountains. When you are at the base you see but little: the mountain itself appears to be but one-half as high as it really is. Confined in a little valley, you discover scarcely […]

Stepanka faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously active and involved in training, the sudden halt to her routine led to unexpected weight gain. Misconceptions about her struggle with anorexia added to her burden — people often assumed she could manage food well, but, in reality, her rigorous training had left her no time to eat, leaving her extremely hungry and malnourished. Confined at home and with ample opportunity to eat, Stepanka began consuming food all day, resulting in a weight gain of almost 30 kilograms over the course of two to three years.  Going on the carnivore diet, Stepanka saw benefits in stomach pain, acne, eczema, hair condition, weight, energy levels, and mental health. Timestamps: 00:00 Trailer. 00:53 Introduction. 05:01 Anorexic teenage diet led to physical issues. 07:56 Transitioned to carnivore diet, resolved gut problems. 10:18 Striving for good through veganism, struggles with misanthropy. 13:35 Minimalistic diet focused on beef for nutrition. 14:37 Recovery from trauma and mental health through diet. 19:32 Friend's transition from vegan to carnivore diet. 22:21 Challenges with acne and promoting healthy living. 23:41 Uncertain about diet, impact on acne, implementation. 28:50 Dancer turned non-sports person maintains muscular legs. 31:06 Fiber can waste nutrients.  32:37 Acne theory tied to reproductive beauty standards. 37:58 Climate change denial, concerns about plastic waste. 39:22 Pollution and plastic in food supply are concerning. 41:28 Where to find Stepanka. See open positions at Revero: https://jobs.lever.co/Revero/ Join Carnivore Diet for a free 30 day trial: https://carnivore.diet/join/ Carnivore Shirts: https://merch.carnivore.diet Subscribe to our Newsletter: https://carnivore.diet/subscribe/ . ‪#revero #shawnbaker #Carnivorediet #MeatHeals #HealthCreation   #humanfood #AnimalBased #ZeroCarb #DietCoach  #FatAdapted #Carnivore #sugarfree  ‪

The lesson of Joseph is for everyone. It's not just for people in a wheelchair or confined by hard circumstances. If you are suffering in any kind of restriction, trust and obey God the same way Joseph did.-------- Thank you for listening! Your support of Joni and Friends helps make this show possible.   Joni and Friends envisions a world where every person with a disability finds hope, dignity, and their place in the body of Christ. Become part of the global movement today at www.joniandfriends.org.   Find more encouragement on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube.

This week you are invited to post, comment, and discuss your top TEN things you love about Star Wars The Bad Batch's “Confined,” “Paths Unknown,” and “Shadows of Tantis,” begin week fourteen of Aurebesh lessons, and more. This is the LIVE podcast you're looking for!__Visit CoffeeWithKenobi.com for the latest podcasts, news, videos, and more!__Book your trip to Galaxy's Edge, Walt Disney World, Disneyland, the Disney Cruise ships, and beyond with Coffee With Kenobi's Travel Partner - CoffeeWithKenobi.com/MouseFanTravel __Become a member of the CWK Alliance to support Coffee With Kenobi, get access to audio and VIDEO of our exclusive weekly podcast, CWK Pour-Over, and more! CoffeeWithKenobi.com/CWKAlliance__You can also listen to CWK Pour-Over on Spotify CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Spotify__Tune in to CWK LIVE and have coffee with Dan Zehr on Tuesday nights at 7:00 p.m. CST on our Facebook feed or YouTube channel. If you cannot join us live, you can find the video replay on either place or listen to the audio of CWK LIVE here on Coffee With Kenobi's podcast feed! CoffeeWithKenobi.com/LIVE__Join our community in the CWK Cafe and be part of the conversation - CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Community __Shop Coffee With Kenobi shirts, hoodies, stickers, phone cases, and more CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Shop__Invite Dan Zehr to speak at your event! DanZMedia.comThanks for listening, and have a great week; this is the podcast you're looking for!- Dan Zehr Email: danz@coffeewithkenobi.comX: @MrZehrInstagram: @danzehrcwk on InstagramThreads: @danzehrcwk on ThreadsNeed an experienced speaker for your school, conference, or business? Book Dan Zehr here!Purchase Dan Zehr's Star Wars books---------------------------------------Follow Coffee With Kenobi on XFollow Coffee With Kenobi on InstagramFollow Coffee With Kenobi on ThreadsFollow Coffee With Kenobi on TikTokLike Coffee With Kenobi on FacebookSubscribe to Coffee With Kenobi's YouTube ChannelMusic: Jazz Music: Eye to Eye by Steve Torok Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/coffee-with-kenobi-star-wars-community-conversation--3271982/support.

The Bad Batch is back for its final season! Caitlin and Charlotte break down the first three premiere episodes, talking about the key themes and symbolism, speculating on the future, and so much more. On the podcast front, they're excited to debut the brand new Skytalkers theme music by the talented, Christy Carew!      Episode 301 - Confined  Directed by: Saul Ruiz Written by: Jennifer Corbett    Episode 302 - Paths Unknown  Directed by: Nate Villanueva Written by: Matt Michnovetz    Episode 303 - Shadows of Tantiss  Directed by: Steward Lee Written by: Matt Michnovetz   Check out Chirsty Carew!   Twitter/X: https://x.com/christy_carew?s=21&t=XE0bPW1AbVKDFnuJcVkk4A Website: http://www.christycarew.com/   Join our Patreon community and unlock bonus episodes + more!: https://www.patreon.com/skytalkers    http://skytalkers.com  http://www.twitter.com/skytalkerspod https://www.tiktok.com/@skytalkers  http://facebook.com/skytalkerspod  https://www.instagram.com/skytalkerspodcast  http://www.twitter.com/crerrity  http://www.twitter.com/caitlinplesher  hello@skytalkers.com 

Omega, the moral center of The Bad Batch, is like water - flexible, yet unyielding. Her efforts to keep hope alive in the darkest of places are finally starting to produce results in "Confined" - and that's the subject of our deep dive for this episode. Punch it! ~*~*~*~*~*~ Be sure to subscribe/follow the show on your favorite podcast app! If you have an extra minute, a rating or review on Apple or Spotify would be super helpful, too. :-) Like YouTube? Subscribe here: https://youtube.com/sw7x7?sub_confirmation=1 Wanna leave me a tip? Thank you in advance! https://venmo.com/sw7x7 Join the SW7x7 community: https://Patreon.com/sw7x7  ~*~*~*~*~*~ Follow the Show: Twitter: https://twitter.com/sw7x7podcast TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@sw7x7 Instagram: https://instagram.com/sw7x7 Facebook: https://facebook.com/sw7x7 Star Wars 7x7. It's destiny unleashed! #sw7x7

THE RFR AFTER SHOW IS BACK and diving deep into the exciting three-part season premiere of THE BAD BATCH! Picking up where season two left off, we'll be talking about "Confined", "Paths Unknown" and "Shadows of Tantiss". Get ready for detailed discussion, in-depth analysis, and listener phone calls and theories with fellow STAR WARS fans. For ad-free shows, bonus podcasts, full show video and more, support RFR on Patreon! www.patreon/com/rebelforceradio 

The final season of The Bad Batch has arrived! Albert & Jonesy breakdown all of the characters, storylines, and implications from "Confined", "Paths Unknown", and "Shadows of Tantiss"! Feedback and Promotion Subscribe on YouTube: Cantina Cast Send feedback and comments to hellothere@cantinacast.com Follow us on Twitter @TheCantinaCast Like us on Facebook: The Cantina Cast Follow us on Instagram: The Cantina Cast Follow us on Tumblr: Cantina Cast Discord: Cantina Cast Channel Cantina Cast: Web Site Pandora Link: Pandora Support the Cantina Cast Cantina Cast Patreon page TeePublic Store

"Confined" is the first episode of Bad Batch season 3. It focuses excluisvely on Omega and Crosshair, and while hope is in short supply, there are glimmers... We've got our patented 7-takeaway breakdown for you today. Punch it! ~*~*~*~*~*~ Be sure to subscribe/follow the show on your favorite podcast app! If you have an extra minute, a rating or review on Apple or Spotify would be super helpful, too. :-) Like YouTube? Subscribe here: https://youtube.com/sw7x7?sub_confirmation=1 Wanna leave me a tip? Thank you in advance! https://venmo.com/sw7x7 Join the SW7x7 community: https://Patreon.com/sw7x7  ~*~*~*~*~*~ Follow the Show: Twitter: https://twitter.com/sw7x7podcast TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@sw7x7 Instagram: https://instagram.com/sw7x7 Facebook: https://facebook.com/sw7x7 Star Wars 7x7. It's destiny unleashed! #sw7x7

The Bad Batch has returned for its final season, so it's time for the ForceCenter review and discussion of the series to return as well! It's time for The Bad Batch Report! Join Joseph Scrimshaw, Ken Napzok, and Jennifer Landa as they review the first three episodes of the third season and discuss the themes, ideas, and stories found within! It's the Bad Batch Report on ForceCenterFrom the minds of Ken Napzok (comedian, host of The Napzok Files), Joseph Scrimshaw (comedian, writer, host of the Obsessed podcast), and Jennifer Landa (actress, YouTuber, crafter, contributor on StarWars.com) comes the ForceCenter Podcast Feed. Here you will find a series of shows exploring, discussing, and celebrating everything about Star Wars. Subscribe on Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts. Listen on TuneIn, Amazon Music, Spotify, and more!Follow ForceCenter!Watch on YouTube!Support us on PatreonForceCenter merch!All from ForceCenter: https://linktr.ee/ForceCenter Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Star Wars: The Bad Batch season three is here! Join me, Greg McGlaughlin (Rebel Base Card podcast), and Mason Zehr as we discuss the first three episodes: “Confined”, “Paths Unknown”, and “Shadows of Tantiss”. Pull up a chair, grab your favorite coffee mug, and let's have some Coffee With Kenobi!__Visit CoffeeWithKenobi.com for the latest podcasts, news, videos, and more!__Book your trip to Galaxy's Edge, Walt Disney World, Disneyland, the Disney Cruise ships, and beyond with Coffee With Kenobi's Travel Partner - CoffeeWithKenobi.com/MouseFanTravel __Become a member of the CWK Alliance to support Coffee With Kenobi, get access to audio and VIDEO of our exclusive weekly podcast, CWK Pour-Over, and more! CoffeeWithKenobi.com/CWKAlliance__You can also listen to CWK Pour-Over on Spotify CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Spotify__Tune in to CWK LIVE and have coffee with Dan Zehr on Tuesday nights at 7:00 p.m. CST on our Facebook feed or YouTube channel. If you cannot join us live, you can find the video replay on either place or listen to the audio of CWK LIVE here on Coffee With Kenobi's podcast feed! CoffeeWithKenobi.com/LIVE__Join our community in the CWK Cafe and be part of the conversation - CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Community __Shop Coffee With Kenobi shirts, hoodies, stickers, phone cases, and more CoffeeWithKenobi.com/Shop__Do you want Dan Zehr to speak at your event? DanZMedia.comThanks for listening, and have a great week; this is the podcast you're looking for!- Dan Zehr Email: danz@coffeewithkenobi.comX: @MrZehrInstagram: @danzehrcwk on InstagramThreads: @danzehrcwk on ThreadsNeed an experienced speaker for your school, conference, or business? Book Dan Zehr here!Purchase Dan Zehr's Star Wars books-------------------------------------Follow Coffee With Kenobi on XFollow Coffee With Kenobi on InstagramFollow Coffee With Kenobi on ThreadsFollow Coffee With Kenobi on TikTokLike Coffee With Kenobi on FacebookSubscribe to Coffee With Kenobi's YouTube ChannelMusic: Jazz Music: Eye to Eye by Steve Torok Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/coffee-with-kenobi-star-wars-community-conversation--3271982/support.