Podcasts about geneticists

Why are cats orange? Meet Dr. Leslie Lyons, one of the world's foremost experts in feline genetics. In this episode of Purr Podcast, we are demystifying orange cats! Dr. Lyons discusses new studies that revealed a never-before-seen genetic pathway for color pigmentation linked to orange cats.

Joining us now to unpack this cutting-edge science which states that babies being made with three people’s DNA, are born free of hereditary diseases is Dr. Monique Zaahl, a South African geneticist with expertise in rare diseases and genomic innovation – what could this mean for South Africa? Presenter John Maytham is an actor and author-turned-talk radio veteran and seasoned journalist. His show serves a round-up of local and international news coupled with the latest in business, sport, traffic and weather. The host’s eclectic interests mean the program often surprises the audience with intriguing book reviews and inspiring interviews profiling artists. A daily highlight is Rapid Fire, just after 5:30pm. CapeTalk fans call in, to stump the presenter with their general knowledge questions. Another firm favourite is the humorous Thursday crossing with award-winning journalist Rebecca Davis, called “Plan B”. Thank you for listening to a podcast from Afternoon Drive with John Maytham Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 15:00 and 18:00 (SA Time) to Afternoon Drive with John Maytham broadcast on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/BSFy4Cn or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/n8nWt4x Subscribe to the CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/sbvVZD5 Follow us on social media: CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Increasing demand for surface water r and recycled water for irrigation has led to H2O, with high salt concentrations being used for crops.

In 1980, influential paleontologist and evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould wrote that “we can know that evolution has happened by the imperfections and oddities that life shows.” But is that true? And what if we take a closer look at those assumed evolutionary oddities and see instead evidence of engineered elegance? On this ID The Future, host Andrew McDiarmid welcomes retired geneticist Dr. Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig to the podcast to discuss his new paper reviewing the debate over the panda's thumb. Giant pandas have an elongated wrist bone, the radial sesamoid, that allows them to handle and eat bamboo with great dexterity. Some claim it's an imperfectly and inefficiently formed structure that is clear evidence of evolutionary processes at work. Others Read More › Source

Professor Gareth Baynam is a globally recognised clinical geneticist, researcher, and advocate for rare diseases. He is the Director of the Rare Care Centre at Perth Children's Hospital and the Head of the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies. With a career dedicated to improving the diagnosis, management, and care of individuals with rare and genetic conditions, he has been at the forefront of integrating cutting-edge technologies such as genomics, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine into healthcare. Professor Baynam is also a leader in Indigenous health initiatives, championing equitable access to rare disease diagnostics and treatment. Through his work with organizations such as the Global Commission to End the Diagnostic Odyssey for Children with a Rare Disease and the European Rare Diseases Research Alliance (ERDERA),  he continues to drive global collaborations and innovations that aim to transform rare disease care.

In the ever-evolving world of poultry breeding, understanding genetics is a game-changer for breeders looking to improve their bloodlines and strains. In this episode of Bred to Perfection hosted by Kenny and Nancy Troiano, they shine a spotlight on the fascinating world of poultry genetics. Geneticist and breeder Brian Reeder shares invaluable insights on various aspects of genetics, epigenetics, and their impact on poultry breeding. From enhancing disease resistance to selecting for desirable behaviors, this conversation provides crucial knowledge for breeders seeking to improve their bloodlines and strains. Make sure to follow and watch our future shows. We plan to dive deep into the world of breeding and genetics, nutrition and health management, and provide essential tips, so you too can create high quality strains.  Whether you're breeding domestic chickens, gamefowl, or various types of livestock, this show is for you.  Join us on Bred to Perfection Live, Friday's at 6pm PST or 9pm EST on YouTube, as we discuss the benefits of creating your own strain. See ya there! Kenny Troiano Founder of "The Breeders Academy" We specialize in breeding, and breeding related topics. This includes proper selection practices and the use of proven breeding programs. It is our mission to provide our followers and members a greater understanding of poultry breeding, poultry genetics, poultry health care and disease prevention, and how to improve the production and performance ability of your fowl.  If you are interested in creating a strain, or improving your established strain, you are in the right place.  We also want to encourage you to join us at the Breeders Academy, where we will not only help you increase your knowledge of breeding and advance your skills as a breeder, but improve the quality and performance of your fowl. If you would like to learn more, go to: https://www.breedersacademy.com In this episode of Bred to Perfection, the host Kenny Troiano and Brian Reeder discusses the intricacies of poultry breeding, focusing on genetics, epigenetics, disease resistance, and effective selection practices. Kenny and Brian emphasize the importance of selecting for the 'complete package' rather than singular traits, and share insights on how environmental factors and nutrition impact genetic expression. The episode also touches on the role of various genetic factors, the importance of disease resistance through natural selection, and tips for adapting birds to different diets. Additionally, resources, such as Brian Reeder's books on poultry genetics are recommended for breeders interested in improving their fowl. #breedinggamefowl #breedingchickens #gamefowlbreeding #chickenbreeding, #gamefowlnation, #selectivebreeding, #poultryhealth #backyardbreeders #breedersacademy #bredtoperfection #gamefowl #Epigenetics #dogbreeding #gamefowlnation #poultryhealth #backyardbreeders #bredtoperfection #PoultryBreeding #KennyTroiano #BackyardChickens #ChickenBreeding #SelectiveBreeding #Linebreeding #PoultryGenetics #HeritageBreeds #ChickenStrains #LivestockBreeding #SustainableFarming #HomesteadingLife #PurebredPoultry #FlockManagement #PoultryPodcast

The US Supreme Court heard oral arguments Friday on South Carolina's attempt to stop Medicaid payments to Planned Parenthood. Geneticists are promoting frightening plans to create babies to specifications. And gambling on sports continues to grow, leaving problems in its wake. Recommendations NYT: This baby was carefully selected as an embryo. ADF: Supreme Court to Hear Case About States' Funding of Abortion Facilities Segment 1 - States Try to Stop Medicaid Payments for Abortion FOX: Who is Stephanie Turner? Women's fencer who knelt to protest trans opponent and ignited global awareness ADF: Planned Parenthood Does Not Deserve Your Tax Dollars Segment 2 - Designer Babies NYT: This baby was carefully selected as an embryo. CBS: "What kind of society do you want to live in?": Inside the country where Down syndrome is disappearing First Things: Who Owns the Embryos? CNN: Gosnell horror fuels fight for abortion laws Breakpoint: Inventors of CRISPR Win Nobel Prize, but Should We “Rewrite the Code of Life?” Segment 3 - The Sports Gambling Crisis WORLD: Gambling scandals hover over college and pro basketball __________ Restore hope and make communities safer by partnering with Prison Fellowship at prisonfellowship.org/colsoncenter. Register for the next Lighthouse Voices: The Christian's Guide to this 'Civilizational Moment' at colsoncenter.org/lighthouse. 

Scientists have genetically engineered mice with some key characteristics of an extinct animal that was far larger — the woolly mammoth. Colossal Biosciences, a Dallas company, is trying to revive the Wooly Mammoth and, in the process, created a cute, cuddly, hairy, wooly rodent. Yes, it is fascinating, but it is also concerning whether or not we resurrect the Mammoth ala Jurassic Park. Geneticists perform this unbridled mad science because it is possible, but they never think about why they shouldn't and what the long-term ramifications are of playing God. Clyde Lewis talks about GENESIS OF THE GOD WEB tonight on Ground Zero (7-10 pm, pacific time on groundzeroplus.com).

Highlights:1) How the Giant Ant People saved the Hopi Indians during global cataclysms?2) What real beings live subterraneous, inside the Earth, that we're unaware of?3) Time Units: Temporal Dimensions & Shifting Timelines?4) Genetic seeding and races who are master geneticists?My guest Tim is a Tactical Advisor who has experience working in the covert European governance sector, as well as working with extraterrestrial contact and advanced technologies. Tim has published various articles, podcasts, and Gaia appearances (Cosmic Disclosure, Open Minds, and Truth Hunter) covering extraterrestrial life, advanced technologies, and cosmic phenomena. Tim's insights are informed by his extensive network and interactions with ten different extraterrestrial species, including more than 100 meetings with the Greys. He has experience within undisclosed projects and Cosmic Disclosure. To learn more, you can find him at: ⁠allshifthappilynow.com⁠Want to know what your galactic ancestry is? Unlock your cosmic potential with a FREE Starseed Video and Report!

Highlights:1) How the Giant Ant People saved the Hopi Indians during global cataclysms?2) What real beings live subterraneous, inside the Earth, that we're unaware of?3) Time Units: Temporal Dimensions & Shifting Timelines? 4) Genetic seeding and races who are master geneticists?My guest Tim is a Tactical Advisor who has experience working in the covert European governance sector, as well as working with extraterrestrial contact and advanced technologies. Tim has published various articles, podcasts, and Gaia appearances (Cosmic Disclosure, Open Minds, and Truth Hunter) covering extraterrestrial life, advanced technologies, and cosmic phenomena. Tim's insights are informed by his extensive network and interactions with ten different extraterrestrial species, including more than 100 meetings with the Greys. He has experience within undisclosed projects and Cosmic Disclosure. To learn more, you can find him at: allshifthappilynow.comWant to know what your galactic ancestry is? Unlock your cosmic potential with a FREE Starseed Video and Report!

Episode 193 is here...the boys discuss, Vargo's bday, pops, Josh's trip to the ER, Landman, Bad Monkey, Daredevil, Evelynn and the Geneticist, WVU football schedule, Neal Brown, Josh's personal protest, Iowa State day of glory, losing streak, Cinci, National Championship game, can we get to 19, wvu fantasy lineup, and becoming your dad.

After 15 months of devastating conflict, a ceasefire agreement has been reached between Israel and Hamas, and three female hostages – Romi Gonen, Emily Damari, and Doron Steinbrecher - have been released and are now back in Israel. This release is the first of several expected over the next six weeks, with a total of 33 hostages to be returned. Ninety Palestinian prisoners were released overnight in exchange for the hostages, the Israeli prison service has said - most of them women and teenage boys. The UN estimates that 1.9 million people in Gaza have been internally displaced since the start of the most recent conflict, some 90% of the population. The humanitarian situation remains critical, with widespread destruction and significant damage to infrastructure including hosptials and severe shortages of food, fuel, medicine, and shelter. Datshiane Navanayagam speaks to BBC Chief Correspondent Lyce Doucet. We also hear from Ghada Al-Kourd in Deir al-Balah in the centre of the Gaza strip, and Sharone Lifschitz, whose parents were taken hostage by Hamas in October 2023.Geneticists from Trinity College Dublin and archaeologists from Bournemouth University have found evidence of female political and social empowerment during Britain's Iron Age. DNA sampled from a burial site in Dorset shows that two-thirds of the women were closely related, suggesting that women lived in the same communities and passed on their land and wealth to their daughters, while unrelated men tended to join the community from elsewhere. This type of social structure, known as “matrilocality” is the first documented instance in European pre-history and challenges the assumption that most societies were patrilocal. Dr Lara Cassidy, an Assistant Professor of Genetics at Trinity College Dublin who led the research, discusses the findings. President-elect Donald Trump will be inaugurated today in Washington D.C. It is of course his second term, having previously served as the 45th US president, he will now also become the 47th. So what will a second Trump presidency mean for women, both in the US and around the world? Datshiane is joined by Jennifer Ewing from Republicans Overseas and the BBC's Holly Honderich to discuss.Elise Downing is known for running 5,000 miles self-supported around the British coast over the course of 10 months. She was not only the youngest person, but also the only female to have completed the challenge. Along the way she saw Britain at its wild and wonderful best. She has now written Walk Britain, packed with inspiring car-free ideas on how to get out and explore stunning locations – from the Cornish coast to the Yorkshire Dales and the Isle of Arran.  She joins Datshiane to talk about some of the 90 different routes across that can be completed on foot, all accessible by public transport.Presented by Datshiane Navanayagam Producer: Louise Corley

Will we be able to programme the human genome like we programme computers? And will we be able to stop ageing or create medicines and vaccines in record time? Geneticist and synthetic biology pioneer Andrew Hessel explains how this field could transform medicine, making it possible not only to diagnose but also to cure diseases in a more effective and personalised way. Hessel draws parallels between programming a computer and programming a cell, highlighting how the manipulation of genetic code is opening doors to innovative treatments and advances in longevity. Today, DNA sequencing already plays a crucial role in medicine, but synthetic biology promises to go even further, offering the ability to alter microbes to improve health and slow down natural processes such as ageing. However, all these advances face ethical challenges. The manipulation of living organisms, especially in humans, raises questions about the limits and responsibilities of using this technology. Hessel warns of the risks of abusing synthetic biology for financial, political or religious reasons, but believes that the democratisation of these tools can be a positive force for humanity. More on the topicAndrew Hessel LinkedIn accountX account (Twitter)Synthetic Biology: Rewriting Life. Andrew Hessel at NextMed HealthThe Futurists: The First Technology with Andrew HesselTed Hesser podcast: Andrew Hessel Programming DNA - The Future of Synthetic BiologyAmy Webb & Andrew Hessel | The Genesis Machine | Talks at Google

To access the full bonus episode, sign up for our Patreon.Our guest today is Manon de Visser, a biologist from the Netherlands — who first reached out to us to provide more information about ‘The Man With 1000 Kids' — but our conversation went so much further, including sneaky fuckers and childfree animals. Manon's expertise varies from studying animals in zoos, museums, and universities, and she also runs her own science communication company, 'Wild DNA' (Which, BTW, You can find her on Instagram with her handle @wild_DNA). Multitasking is clearly in her DNA, as she is about to complete her PhD in evolutionary genetics! She happily lives in her cozy home in the Netherlands with her husband, two cats, and an elderly rabbit. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/dinky--5953015/support.

Send us a textIn this compelling episode, we dive into a powerful conversation with Dr. Jenn Caldwell, Assistant Professor at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center and Director of the Public Health Genomics and Health Equity Laboratory at LSU. Dr. Caldwell unpacks her groundbreaking research on health equity, genetic testing, and community-driven solutions to tackle chronic illnesses disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. From exploring the ancestral roots of African Americans through the Gullah Geechee community to the transformative "Lincoln Gains Project," Dr. Caldwell sheds light on the intersection of genetics, lifestyle, and public health.We discuss the pressing challenges of systemic racism, the cultural significance of HBCUs, and practical tips for achieving healthier lifestyles despite socioeconomic barriers. Whether you're curious about the role of epigenetics, the importance of representation in research, or actionable ways to improve wellness in underserved communities, this episode offers an engaging blend of science, culture, and storytelling.This is a must-watch for socially conscious audiences, culturally engaged Millennials and Gen Xers, educators, and professionals who seek authentic narratives that inspire change. Join us for a thought-provoking journey into how genetics and culture shape our lives and communities. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more insightful discussions! #healthequity  #genetics  #BlackExcellence #hbcu  #wellnessjourney  #socialjustice  #notallhood-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Not All Hood (NAH) podcast takes a look at the lived experiences and identities of Black people in America. Infused with pop culture, music, and headlining news, the show addresses the evolution, exhilaration, and triumphs of being rooted in a myriad of versions of Black America. Hosted by Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Candace O.Kelley, and WeusiBaraka Executive Produced by Layne Fontes Produced by Kelly Brett Associate Producer Troy W. Harris, Jr.

Rather amazingly, there hasn't been much research into the causes and potential cures for the nausea that around 70% of people experience during pregnancy. Until now.Thankfully, Dr Marlena Fejzo is dedicating her life's work to finding ways to alleviate the full spectrum of mild cases of "morning sickness" to severe nausea to, on the extreme end, hyperemesis. She herself experienced hyperemesis. She knows firsthand the debilitating effects of the disease. Already she has clearly identified one gene (GDF15) linked to the cause and she is working on finding more.Listen to the full episode to learn what Dr Fejzo recommends for alleviating symptoms of morning sickness and treating true hyperemesis. There are ways to find some relief now, even ahead of the groundbreaking new therapies that are on the horizon.Full show notes: fourthtrimesterpodcast.com (all links below can also be found here)Connect with Dr Marlena Fejzo USC Profile & Contact | USC Marlena Fejzo Research FundLearn more Time Women Of The Year 2024 | Harmonia Healthcare Clinics for Nausea & Hyperemesis Treatment | HER Foundation RESOURCES | 23andMeConnect with Fourth Trimester Facebook | Instagram | About & Contact

Send us a textA multifaceted understanding of wisdom is essential for a functioning society.  Only with this broad understanding can we humbly dialogue with those who disagree with us and piece by piece build a culture of conversation. In this episode, I sit down with geneticist and physician Dr. Francis Collins to discuss his latest book, Road to Wisdom. Dr. Collins argues that we must return to the four core sources of judgment and clear thinking: truth, science, faith, and trust.A Quick Note:Aiming for the Moon has a diverse audience. I strongly believe that developing your perspective comes from speaking with people who you both agree with and disagree with. Iron sharpens iron. That's why this podcast is a platform that hosts interesting and successful people from a variety of worldviews. Gen. Z has the opportunity to trailblaze a culture of conversation. So, let's go.Topic:Four Anchors of Knowledge: Truth, Science, Faith, and TrustCynicism and Nihilism in Public Discourse The Importance of Humility in Dialogue"How has being attacked by those 'on your side?' changed how you communicate?"Harmonizing Faith and ScienceIron sharpens Iron: How going outside your bubble helps expand your perspectiveNavigating Polarized Issues in a Multicultural SocietyPractical Steps: So, how should we then live?"What books have had an impact on you?""What advice do you have for teenagers?"Bio:Dr. Francis S. Collins is a physician and geneticist. His groundbreaking work has led to the discovery of the cause of cystic fibrosis, among other diseases.  In 1993 he was appointed director of the international Human Genome Project, which successfully sequenced all 3 billion letters of our DNA. He went on to serve three Presidents as the Director of the National Institutes of Health.Resources mentioned:Road to WisdomTaylor's Substack: The Dangers of Abstracting Individuals in a Divided SocietyEp. 80. The Perception of Political Polarization and How to Fix It: Dr. Chris BailThe Anxious Generation by Jonathan HaidtBooks of impact:BibleMere Christianity by C.S. LewisThe Constitution of Knowledge by Jonathan RauchSocials -Lessons from Interesting People substack: https://taylorbledsoe.substack.com/Website: https://www.aimingforthemoon.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aiming4moon/Twitter: https://twitter.com/Aiming4MoonFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/aimi

Justin Esquivel is CEO & Geneticist, Green Luster Phenos™ and has been an influencer and leader in the cannabis industry for 15 years. Esquivel was the head grower and geneticist of an indoor commercial-scale cultivation operation back in 2012.  Justin has consulted with over 100 cannabis facilities, 72 of which operate commercial canopies.  Esquivel provides home growers with pest and bacteria-resistant genetics in seed and breeders' cut form on a global scale!  He brings standard operating procedures to a gold standard.  His one-of-a-kind approach to plasticity breeding has sparked tons of interest across the globe.  Esquivel also specializes in Cannabis Tissue Culture & Selective Homozygous Breeding, enabling his company to bring exotic tailored offspring to growers globally!During our conversation, we discuss:  Justin's background in traditional ag and how that applies to cannabis  How he uses tissue culture to store genetics and eliminate pathogens  The process for creating stable cannabis varieties How purposely introducing pests into the breeding room helps select for resistance traits  The application of analytical tools, such as PCR, HPLC, and marker-assisted breeding  Thanks to this episode's Sponsor: Rare Earth Genomics.  Rare Earth Genomics is a dynamic partnership formed with Texas A&M AgriLife, one of the world's leading research institutions, to accelerate hemp research and create tools for farmers. Their mission is to increase the likelihood of a successful harvest for farmers through genetic analysis and rigorous environmental testing of vigorous cultivars.  Learn more at rareearthgenomics.com  Additional Resources:  greenlusterphenos.com Review the Podcast CannMed Archive

New research has found that humans age in two rapid bursts rather than in a gradual, chronological way.

This interview is an episode from The Well, our new publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the John Templeton Foundation. What is fairness? According to geneticist Paige Harden, "Fair is not everyone getting the same thing. Fair is everyone getting what they need to succeed." As an analogy, we have eyeglasses for people who have a genetic predisposition for bad eyesight. This intervention is provided to them for their entire lives. Genetics is a tool for understanding what people need. We cannot achieve fairness simply by treating everyone the same. ---------------------------------------------------------------- About Kathryn Paige Harden: Dr. Kathryn Paige Harden is a tenured professor in the Department of Psychology at UT, where she leads the Developmental Behavior Genetics lab and co-directs the Texas Twin Project. She is the author of The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality (Princeton). Dr. Harden received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Virginia and completed her clinical internship at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- About The Well Do we inhabit a multiverse? Do we have free will? What is love? Is evolution directional? There are no simple answers to life's biggest questions, and that's why they're the questions occupying the world's brightest minds. So what do they think? How is the power of science advancing understanding? How are philosophers and theologians tackling these fascinating questions? Let's dive into The Well. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Watch Kathryn Paige Harden's next interview ► Would a society based on genetics be… good?   • Would a society based on genetics be…...   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

PREVIEW: MEDICINE: Conversation with geneticist Christopher Mason, author of "The Next 500 Years," explains the compiling of a database on the effects of space travel on humans. More later. 1930

Geneticist Marlena Fejzo, like many women, suffered extreme morning sickness during her first pregnancy. 

The bird family tree may need pruning. Geneticists have made new connections that take us back to the great extinction event. Professor Ho explains to Dr Karl how this is changing our views on dinosaurs and chickens. Prof Simon Ho DrKarl.com

Rules were a major part of Lee's household growing up. But it wasn't until he started to dig into his family's history that he began to realize that the rules that he was expected to follow had a long, dark history. In this episode, Lee speaks with historian Dr. Daina Ramey Berry to better understand the life of Lee's great-great-grandmother Charity, an enslaved woman, and learn about how the slave codes and Black codes shaped her life, and the lives of her descendants. Later Lee speaks with Professor Sally Hadden to learn about the origins of the slave codes, and how they've influenced the rules that govern our modern society.TranscriptWe wanted to give a heads up that this episode includes talk of abuse, and acts of violence. You can find resources on our website, WhatHappenedInAlabama.org - listener discretion is advised.Hi - this is Lee Hawkins and thanks for joining me for episode six of What Happened In Alabama. In this episode we dive into the slave codes and Black codes - what they were, and how they show up in our current day to day. If you haven't already, I encourage you to go back and listen to the prologue first. That'll give you some context for putting the whole series in perspective. Do that, and then join us back here. Thank you so much. INTROEven when we don't realize it, life is governed by rules. We often say we “should” do things a certain way without knowing why. The truth is, many actions have root causes that trace back to how we were raised and what we were socialized to believe – both by our families and the societies we live in.In dictionaries, rules are described as explicit or understood regulations governing conduct. We see these guidelines in everything from the order and cadence of the written and spoken word, to how we move from A to B on the roads, or the ways different sports are played - the “rules of the game.”But “rule” also means to have control or dominion over people or places.This was the way of colonialism around the world for centuries. And this control manifests as laws and codes that yes, create order, but can also have the power to suppress freedoms - and instill fear to ensure compliance. In past episodes you've heard me talk about the rules of my household growing up in Maplewood, Minnesota, and the many layers of history that get to the root of those rules. Talking with my father and other family members who lived under Jim Crow apartheid provided one piece of understanding. Learning of my white ancestry from Wales dating back to the 1600s offered another. But we have to revisit my ancestors on both sides of enslavement, white and Black – back to the physical AND mental trauma that was experienced to really connect the dots to the tough rules that governed the household, and why my parents and some other relatives felt they needed to whip their children. Also, why so many other racial stereotypes were both imposed on us by society, and often internalized by some within our Black families and communities. For that, we have to dig deeper into the story of my Grandma Charity, her experiences as a Black girl born enslaved and kept in bondage well into adulthood, and the rules that governed her life, both during her time of captivity and after that, under Jim Crow apartheid. This is What Happened in Alabama: The Slave Codes. [music up, and a beat]I can't tell you how many thousands of hours I've spent digging through genealogy reports, archives and police records looking for documentation about my family. Sometimes I can do the work from my computer at home, other times, for the really specific details around my dad's family, I've had to make the trip back to Alabama, to gather oral history, go to courthouses, walk through cemeteries, and drive around. [sifting through papers] It can be slow and tedious work. Sometimes you think you've found a lead that's going to take you somewhere that you could have never imagined - but then you realize it's a dead end. Sometimes, you get a huge rush of endorphins when you make a discovery that blows open the doors that once seemed forever closed.One night, in 2015, I'd recently received my DNA results showing a strong connection to the white side of the Pugh family. I was sitting in my dark living room, looking into the illuminated screen of my computer at two in the morning. I'd just found the last will and testament of Jesse Pugh, a white ancestor who genealogists surmise is my great great great grandfather, from Pike County, Alabama. We met Jesse Pugh in the last episode. The will was dated March 24, 1852. Jesse Pugh died two years later. To his wife and children, he left hundreds of acres of land, household furnitures, plantation tools, farming animals, bushels of corn, and a number of enslaved people – all listed as “Negroes.”As I pored over the details of the will, I came across a name I'd heard before: Charity. I read it over again. “Second, I give and bequeath to my son Mastin B. a Negro Girl, Charity…” Fixating on those words,“a Negro girl, Charity” my eyes welled up. She was left to Jesse Pugh's son, Mastin B. Pugh. Charity was the grandmother Uncle Ike told me and my father about on our trip to Alabama back in 1991. I remember Uncle Ike telling us about how, when Charity's son, his own father Isaac Pugh Sr., acquired his own farm, mean ol' Grandma Charity would constantly beat Uncle Ike, my Grandma Opie, and their other siblings, right there in the field, usually because she thought they weren't working fast enough. Rosa: Now I'll tell you the exact word he told me, he said "that was the meanest old heifer I ever seen." That's my cousin, Rosa Lee Pugh-Moore, Uncle Ike's daughter. She has few memories of her father talking about his grandmother Charity. But she says whenever he did talk about her, he always had one thing to say. Rosa: He hated his grandma, said she was just really mean. And that's all he talked about. How mean she was and how people tried to get over on her doing things she didn't like them to do, and she would fight.I'd heard so much about Cousin Rosa - a real Pugh matriarch. In 2018 I headed to Birmingham, Alabama to meet my sweet cousin for what I thought would be a conversation with just the two of us. I didn't realize it was her birthday, and when I arrived, it was cousin Rosa, plus about 30 other relatives - her grandchildren, great grandchildren and even a newly born great-great grandchild. Stepping into the home, I was surrounded by generations of family members - and they were just as excited as I was to hear what Cousin Rosa had to say. There was so much they hadn't heard about her life - from walking for miles as part of the Montgomery bus boycott, to leaving the country in Georgiana for the big city in Birmingham, all the way back to the stories she'd heard about Grandma Charity.Before I settled in, I kissed her cheek and sat in a chair next to her to hear as many of the stories of her life and our family as I could. That's what some of the elders who weren't reluctant to share stories used to do, she told me. Rosa: And at night sit up and they tell us about the families and stuff like that. Pots of peanuts and sweet potatoes, stuff like that.With the rest of the family close by, still celebrating her birthday, I can feel those stories passing through her childhood memories into my recorder. I feel so blessed to be here. And I realize she's my gateway to the family in Alabama, because she's called family members all over the country, and pushed them to talk with me. She was brave, never afraid to talk about Alabama, the good and the bad. And her knowledge went all the way back to Grandma Charity. Lee Hawkins:So when, how old were you when you learned when you first learned about Grandma Charity? Rosa: I guess. Oh, good gracious. I was about nine or ten like that. Something like that.Cousin Rosa and I remember Uncle Ike saying that she hated white peopleUncle Ike: She hated white folk... And uh, and uh one time my daddy was fifteen and one of them told them get out or something and someone knocked them down and Grandma kicked them and she did all three of them yeah. This is a recording of Uncle Ike from 1991, when my Dad and I sat down with him at his home in Georgiana, Alabama. It's hard to hear, but he's telling us about how a group of white men showed up at their house one day and tried to pull Grandma Charity out of the house to whip her, until she came out fighting. Rosa: Yeah, that kind of stuff he told us. I don't know that whole story. I don't remember the whole story. Rosa: So then she had that boy. That boy is Isaac Pugh Sr. Uncle Ike's father, Rosa's grandfather, and my great grandfatherRosa: And daddy say he was too light for Black people like him, and he was too dark for white people to like him. So he's kind of a loner.As I listen to Cousin Rosa talk about Grandma Charity, I can't help but think about the most obvious fact about her that eluded me for so much of my life – Grandma Charity was born enslaved. No one had ever told me that! No one had mentioned it. I only learned this that early morning in 2015, when I found Jesse Pugh's will.As Cousin Rosa said, Uncle Ike hated his grandmother. But understanding that she was enslaved for the early part of her life - around 20 years - added a dimension to this supposedly “mean ol” woman. Just how learning more about my father's experiences under Jim Crow added nuance to him as a man in my eyes. They both went through Alabama's version of hell on earth. We model what we see and many of us adopt the rules and customs of the country we're born into. America, before anything else, was founded on violence.Knowing that, I felt skeptical about the way Grandma Charity was characterized for all those years in the family history. And once I discovered Jesse Pugh's will I realized that she'd been simply pathologized – even by her own family– and that, like me with my father, my ancestors and elders didn't know enough about the atrocities she'd experienced to be able to explain why she sometimes thought the way she did, and was the way she was. For the benefit of this project, for my family, and most of all, for Grandma Charity, I knew I had to learn more about what life was like for an enslaved Black woman in the mid-1800s, to add meaningful context to her story. So, what did Grandma Charity endure? What laws and codes governed her life? To learn more, I started with a conversation with Daina Ramey Berry.Dr.Berry: I am the Michael Douglas Dean of Humanities and Fine Arts and a professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I call myself a scholar of the enslaved. Most of my time in the academy has been in archives, conducting research, and trying to find and tell stories like people like your Great Great Grandmother Charity.Dr.Berry: A number of historians are skeptical about making connections between the past and the present. But if we trace the past decade by decade, year by year, we can see connections to contemporary America, and if you look at history as a foundation, the foundations that were laid are still what have built our houses, and we need to, we need to dismantle the parts of our history that need to be rewritten to be more inclusive, right?I reached out to Daina Ramey Berry after I found records and research on Grandma Charity and her mother Laner. It was all words and numbers on a page and I needed more context. I don't remember how I found her - I was knee deep in books and papers and articles at the time. But I wanted to understand more about what life was like for enslaved Black women. LEE: What don't we know about Black women during history? What haven't people been able to pay attention to or, as I would believe, haven't always wanted to pay attention to? Dr.Berry: I think the latter is really where I'd like to start because there are conferences over the years that I've attended with historians, my colleagues, and oftentimes scholars will say, well, Yes, Black women were exploited during slavery, but not that much.Dr.Berry: And my question always is, have you tried to calculate it? How do you know it's not that much? What is not that much? When I look at narratives, I've looked at court records, I've looked at letters and diaries and all kinds of different documents, where enslaved girls and women are talking about sexual exploitation and abuse, physical and sexual abuse.Dr.Berry: Mothers were teaching their daughters how to quote unquote protect their principal at a very young age. Young girls did not want their enslavers to know that they had their first menstrual cycle. And on the flip side, some women even bound their breasts up so that they didn't look like they were developing and they were maturing, um, into adulthood.Dr.Berry: So there's a number of things that enslaved women and girls did to try to protect themselves from puberty and from signs of showing evidence of puberty, because they knew what that meant. On the flip side, enslavers were often hyper focused on women's menstrual cycle, and you might ask, well, why something so personal would they be so concerned with?Dr.Berry: That often was because enslaved people were expensive to purchase. To purchase in the auction, you had to be quite wealthy, and the values of enslaved people were high. So if you could quote unquote grow your own enslaved people, or if natural reproduction, forced reproduction, i. e. rape, then you're gonna, you're gonna grow your plantation workforce without having to purchase somebody.This practice of growing your own free labor is in my bloodline - and repeated for generations. Grandma Laner - Charity's mother - was raped while enslaved. Grandma Charity - who was described as a light skinned woman - is the product. Grandma Charity was also raped by a white man while she was held captive under enslavement, and Isaac Pugh Sr is the result. This is the so-called “white man” I saw as an image on Uncle Ike's mantle when I visited in 1991. If I had just seen his picture without the history, I would never have known his mother was Black. Dr.Berry: So enslaved women's bodies, their reproductive capabilities, their fertility was one of the most important aspects of what maintained and grew through the 19th century the institution of chattel slavery in the United States. LEE: Which is inextricably tied to capitalism. Dr.Berry: Yes. LEE: Yes, and one of the most painful things that I've experienced in the course of doing this research was a conversation that I had with a genealogist who said, well, you know, um, how do we know that she was raped?LEE: Maybe she was a mistress? Dr.Berry: No. Like other enslaved women, Grandmas Laner and Charity had no legal right to refuse sexual advances from their male enslavers - because they were property, nowhere near a relationship of equals. They were also often young girls.The sexual abuse of young girls is shocking, yet this is a key part of maintaining the power dynamic during slavery. Ripping enslaved families apart made it easier for white slave owners and other men to prey on young girls. When she was about 14 years old, Grandma Charity was separated from her mother, Laner. Just a child, she had to adjust to a different plantation and community, and a new enslaver, alone. Dr.Berry: Family separation was one of the most traumatic experiences that enslaved people went through. And it's something that they lived in day to day fear of, of being separated from their, from their parents, from their siblings, from any, any kin that they had, um, on their, in their proximity.Dr.Berry: We've seen it from the perspective of a child remembering the wailing of their mother as they were pulled off and put on a wagon and the child is remaining and they hear their wailing cries of their mothers up until like a mile later or just until they can't hear it anymore.Dr.Berry: There's extreme examples of, babies, infants being ripped from the mother's breast and being sold, literally, uh, breastfeeding mothers. There are also examples of fathers and sons standing on the auction block holding hands, you know, and just silently tears coming down their face because they know that after that day, after that moment, they won't, they most likely won't ever see each other again.Dr.Berry: Um, there's other stories of mothers knowing that this, this stranger that's come to the, the property has asked me to put my son in his Sunday best and I, I've said this before, it's like that child was a child and didn't have really any clothes but a smock and their first set of clothings that they received was the clothing that they were going to put for the auction.Dr.Berry: Another mother talked about braiding her daughter's hair for the last time and putting a ribbon in it, knowing. that she was preparing her for the auction and that she would no longer see her again. These were traumatic experiences and we find that the closeness of the families and the desire to be connected to a family was a survival mechanism for Black people.Dr.Berry: And that even if you look at the evidence we have now in information wanted ads,and these advertisements are powerful testimony to Black genealogy from the perspective of the enslaved and formerly enslaved people searching for, I haven't seen my mother since I was two. I'm 40 years old now. You know, I remember her name was Laura. Her hair was shoulder length. She was wearing an apron and a, and a, and a long dress.Dr.Berry: You know, those kinds of testimonies just show the strength and the impact of the desire to connect to your family, but the impact of separation still did not push them away from trying to locate and connect with their blood relatives or kin. In trying to connect my family tree, I found so many sources of loss. There's the parental loss Grandma Laner experienced with Charity, knowing almost certainly the physical brutality her daughter would face once separated from her. Two generations later, Charity's granddaughter, and my grandmother Opie, experienced the loss of her father at age nine, after seeing him blood splattered and slumped over his horse. And then my father - Opie's son and Charity's great grandson - lost his mother to health inequality when he was just 12 years old. These are the building blocks of a cycle of generational loss. So when I hear Daina Ramey Berry talk about the desire to connect to your family and the impact of separation, I get it. Genealogy is like a giant DNA puzzle that stretches across time. Until you dig, you don't learn these things. Geneticists have data that shows that Black Americans have on average 24 percent European blood in their veins. Yet, there's a denial or an unwillingness to acknowledge how prevalent and pervasive rape was. And some of this is embedded in the laws and the codes of slavery…Dr.Berry: We need context to understand, like you said, the contemporary connections to our current bloodlines.Dr.Berry: And that we are, that slavery was an intimate institution. We are interlaced. We are connected whether we want to be or not, but we are connected. LEE: Thank you so much. Thank you for this magnificent work you're doing.Dr.Berry: Thank you. Thank you. Appreciate it.[MUSIC BEAT]Learning more about what enslaved Black women lived through deepened my love for my strong, brave matriarch, Grandma Charity. And to think she then had to live through Jim Crow apartheid.But I wanted to drill down even more into the specific rules that she – in Greenville in the 1800s - had to live under and follow. For that, I dug up the Alabama Slave Codes of 1852, which governed every facet of Black lives. Under the slave codes, enslaved people were property, not people. The codes were used to regulate the behavior of enslaved people and ensure their subjugation by curtailing many aspects of their lives. Note that I didn't say that these codes only restricted the enslaved, but ALL Black people. I discovered that one widespread myth is that the Black people who weren't in bondage were FREE. Under the slave codes, enslaved people were property, not people. After the abolition of slavery the Black codes picked up where the slave codes ended, and restricted the freedoms of the “free”And then there were the restrictions of Jim Crow policies. In states like Alabama– and the many states in the North that had their own Jim Crow rules – ALL Black people lived under laws and codes, at the country, state or national level, that curtailed their physical and emotional freedom in the United States. As Daina Ramey Berry mentioned in our conversation some of these rules still hold us in invisible bondage and shape how we live and how for some - we parent. For more on “the rules” I spoke with Sally Hadden, a professor at Western Michigan University…Prof.Hadden: I'm a specialist in legal and constitutional history, particularly of early America. My first book was entitled, “Slave Patrols, Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas”. And that book tracked the development of slave patrols as a legal institution from the 1600s to the 1870s.I told Professor Hadden about my family, my white European ancestry, and the enslavement of Grandma Charity and other family members. By then, I'd studied the Slave Codes, the Black Codes, and Jim Crow, and realized that the slave codes that governed Grandma Charity's life informed how she raised her children and grandchildren. And in many ways, the rules my dad learned while growing up under Jim Crow apartheid governed the way my parents raised me.The whip used to punish Slave Code and Black Code violations, became the belt I often faced in the living room. But it was more than the physical. The fear of disobeying the rules added to the mental toll. Those codes also helped shape how many others– both in my family and beyond– expected me to act..it shaped the idea that I needed to stay in my place, or be punished. Prof.Hadden: People parent the way that they experienced being a child with their own parents. It's very hard to break that cycle of parent to child. And I, I'm not a parent myself, I don't have kids. But I see this with my brother's children, and my sister's children, who are all now in their 40s and have kids of their own. And it's remarkable how, to use an old phrase, how close the apple drops from the tree. LEE: So you get it. And, and the academic term is intergenerational trauma. But I like the way you put it because, um, this is my, this was my way to show some level of graciousness to my dad when I got this history. And then for him to show me the grace of being able to go through the journey and study it with me and to say, Hey, you know what?LEE: This should stop in our bloodline.LEE: But one way to heal is certainly, the best way to heal, I think, is to confront it. And that's why the work that you've done is so important, because history just holds so many powerful clues, um, into how, you know, how we got to the way we are. But very few people understand the role of violence and, but the necessity in the context of the capitalism and the, you know, the system of capitalism and what we were trying to accomplish as a nation.Prof.Hadden: A lot of people think that when they discuss slavery, what they think of is, they think of a two party relationship, a master and an enslaved person. And what I was trying to write about was, there's always a third party, and the third party is always government. It's always the state, and whether it's the, uh, at the national level, the state level, or the county level, there's this, third party.Prof.Hadden: And the state is always the backer up of this because the state creates the laws that make it, that, that within the society of that time, legitimated the institution of slavery. Prof.Hadden: So for the purposes of our discussion about the law, we're interested in the common law and how slave patrols were developed as legal institutions. South Carolina had the first laws on the books about, um, slave patrols and, uh, attempts by the state to control enslaved people.LEE: So what did patrols do? Prof.Hadden: Patrols were required by their government, either the, the local or state government or the militia, to perform surveillance and to use violence towards enslaved people. That was their job. They were responsible for going into slave cabins, to see who was there, to make sure there were no runaways.Prof.Hadden: They looked for uh, goods that they thought slaves shouldn't have, they hunted, uh, nighttime music to its source, uh, to look for, uh, dancing groups or for religious meetings where African Americans might be in attendance.Prof.Hadden: Their job was to effectively enforce a curfew. that would have kept every enslaved person on the farm of the master who owned them. They were effectively the government's backstop to a master to make sure that the slaves were where they were supposed to be. So they were a type of government group that used white on Black violence to achieve their ends.The slave patrols enforced the slave codes - created by a colonial or state legislature. Walking into the interview with Professor Hadden, I knew the Slave Codes restricted Black people's movement, requiring written passes for travel. They forbade assembly without a white person present. It was often illegal for Black people to read or write, or for a white person to teach them to do so. Marriage and family rights were non-existent, allowing enslavers to separate families at will. Enslaved people could not testify in court against white people; their testimonies were generally inadmissible. They were also barred from owning property, entering into contracts, or earning wages, with any income typically claimed by their enslavers. Whipping was often the punishment. In Greenville, it was usually 39 to 100 lashes for an offense. And in the case of a rebellion or insurrection, the penalty could be death.And what was most devastating, was that I knew that some of our white family members – mainly Mastin Pugh, the man who inherited Grandma Charity from his father, Jesse – was also in charge of the enforcement of the Alabama Slave Code across Butler County. Him holding that power would have been brutal for Grandma Charity. And eventually, generations later, for me. It made sense that my parents would be overly cautious about us kids not doing anything wrong. They policed us so the law - or those who felt empowered to police us, even without authority - wouldn't. It all goes back to the codes and patrols. Prof.Hadden: The very earliest laws put a requirement on ordinary individuals, uh, to have them be responsible for enforcing slave laws. The idea here was that all whites theoretically would understand that it was in their best interest to keep slaves controlled.Prof.Hadden: Now, this kind of enforcement didn't necessarily work terribly well to ask just everybody walking around in society who's white to keep an eye on everybody who's, um, enslaved. And so, gradually, colonial legislatures switched to other systems of using patrols to say, you people are designated as individuals.Prof.Hadden: Uh, to control slave behavior and so legislatures, um, either required the militia to carve out groups of patrollers and have them do the work or county courts turned to their tax lists and used tax lists to nominate people to serve as patrollers for three months or six months. And, and Alabama's solution was to use the militia, to have the militia be the substitute and say the militia will choose patrollers to work in rotation.Prof.Hadden: So, the militia were ordinary people who were supposed to be self arming. That is to say, you're supposed to show up with your own, uh, rifle, your own gun, uh, with ammunition and enough shot to, um, uh, carry out orders issued by a superior commander. Um, and to do what was necessary to protect your community. Something to highlight here: Patrolling and policing was EVERYWHERE. There was no option for Black people to escape the patroller's whip and gun, and white men were EXPECTED to patrol - they were governmentally required to do so. There was a financial consequence if they didn't. This was the culture and the law. And while it may not be explicit now, we see the ways this culture of being policed versus feeling empowered to patrol plays out along racial lines. There are countless news reports of white people calling the police on gatherings of Black people at cookouts or for watering a neighbor's lawn. Or questioning a Black person's right to be in a gated community - when they live there. That's patrolling - the power of oversight. And then you have some Black parents who continue to have “the talk” with their children, warning them of the ways to address police officers if stopped. Or telling them not to stay out after dark. Or not to gather in large groups in case it draws the wrong kind of attention. That's self policing for preservation and to avoid white oversight. Even though slave patrols came to an end - in theory - with the abolition of slavery, the culture remained.Prof.Hadden: After the Civil War ends, white Southerners are afraid. There's a lot of fear about, um, the African Americans who live around them, who live in their communities, and if patrols no longer exist, um, just like slavery no longer exists, then from the perspective of white lawmakers, Who is supposed to keep African Americans in line? Who is supposed to supervise them if there are no more slave masters? What would be done to stop crime, what would be done to control African Americans?Prof.Hadden: Southern whites in the 1860s were terrified of the possibility of race war, and they lived with that. They talked about that race war was likely to happen, and without patrols, they were sure that they would they had no way to prevent one. So the work done by patrols was divided, you could say. The work that they had done that was about surveillance, that was about stopping crime, became part of the work of police forces. Some southern cities had had police forces, but others had not, in the world when slavery still existed.Prof.Hadden: But the other thing that happens with patrol work after 1865 is that some of the work that patrollers had done, intimidation work, becomes, uh, the, the central feature of the Ku Klux Klan, that, that's, um, that their legacy of intimidation, of, uh, race based violence, uh, very much becomes, um, part and parcel of the Klan's, um, operating uh daily operational activities. Um, the Ku Klux Klan wanted to scare African Americans in the Reconstruction South into doing what the white community wanted. They wanted African Americans to only do agricultural work, not to have schools, not to have guns, not to vote, not to organize, not to demand um, appropriate wages, and the Klan used violence or the threat of violence to get African Americans to do what they want, what they wanted, which was all of those things.This form of control remains, but as we've talked about throughout the series, it's fear based. The whip controlled the enslaved. Scare tactics and violence were used by the Ku Klux Klan. And today, corporal punishment - the threat and the practice - is still perceived by some as a way to keep children safe. LEE: Can you tell us about the differences and similarities between the violence of the slave patrols and corporal punishment that we see in modern times in homes and schools? Prof.Hadden: Well, the, the use of violence usually has one object in mind to get obedience, to get control. And so there's, there's the root of the similarity is if, if corporal punishment or violence has an objective of to get to control, then they spring from the same kinds of beginnings. Now, there are some key differences, obviously. Um, control as a parent might be for an immediate and a transient reason.Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, a mother spanks a child to reinforce the idea in the child's mind that it's a bad idea to go out and chase a ball onto a road where there are lots of cars. Um, I speak on, from personal experience on that one, Lee. Um, having been on the receiving end of my mother's hand when I chased a ball out into the street.Prof.Hadden: I think she probably lost a few years off of her life watching that happen, but she wanted to make sure that I got the message as a preschooler that I shouldn't do that again. Believe me, I remember it firmly. But control can also be about long term domination. And that's different. Um, an abusive parent that beats a child every weekend for no reason, just to reinforce the idea that the parent is bigger, um, badder, a bully, an abuser.Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, the very threat of violence can almost be as intimidating as the actual use of violence in that sort of situation. Um, an abusive father. puts his hand on his belt and the child doesn't have to see anything more because the connection between the belt and its use on them is there. as an instrument of corporal punishment is very live.Prof.Hadden: It's nearly as terrifying that the belt itself is almost as terrifying as, as seeing it in use. Now, of course, there are several large differences between what patrols did and the kind of, corporal punishment or violence one might experience in a home or in a school. One of the biggest is that when a patroller used, um, a rod or a whip against an enslaved person, they could be strangers to each other.Prof.Hadden: That is to say, they might be, the patrol member might not know who the enslaved person was. The enslaved person might never have laid eyes on that patroller before that night. Um, uh, a second difference obviously is, is the racial one. That is to say, patroller is white and the enslaved person is Black. And within the family or within a school, that sort of distinction, both of those distinctions are missing.Prof.Hadden: They're not strangers to each other. They're maybe share the same race as each other. And there are also differences of expectation. Um, we expect, or at least society teaches us to expect, kindness from our family members, from our teachers, that we're going to be nurtured or supported by them. But that may or may not be the case.Prof.Hadden: Whereas, I don't think enslaved people ever thought that they'd see the milk of human kindness coming from a patroller. So they're bearing those differences in mind. There are some similarities, and one of the similarities is the use of an instrument of violence. whether it be a belt or a whip or a rod, um, certainly the instrument by which punishment is inflicted might look very much the same.LEE: Yeah. And you touched on kindness and the expectation of kindness. When I was a kid, I didn't expect kindness from my parents, and the reason was, I did receive kindness from my parents, but I also received the brutality of violence, and in my community, it was stressed to me that violence was kindness, because we're protecting you from the evils of the world, we're protecting you, we're scaring you so that when you go out, you know how to act right, When you're at the mall with your friends so you don't get killed by the police or accused of stealing something you didn't steal or decide to steal something and get arrested and in the process of getting arrested, get killed or join a gang because you're, you're not being disciplined and then get killed on the streets. LEE: And so we're doing this because we have to do this, because the society will kill you if we don't do this, if we don't instill this fear in you. And so it was a very mentally, it was a very, um, hard thing to process as a kid, because I just fundamentally did have that understanding that as a Black kid, there were a different set of rules for me.We talked alot about how concepts and ideas are handed down through generations. Prof.Hadden: But I can tell you that in the early 20th century, um, there was tremendous fear. Again, we're back to a period of fear in American society and fear motivates people to do very strange and dangerous things. And one of the things they were afraid of was the massive influx of immigrants that were coming to America from Southern Europe.Prof.Hadden: Um, this was a time when, um, immigration numbers were going through the roof, nationally, and there's a backlash to that. And for some people, that backlash takes the form of joining, um, uh, political organizations, and sometimes it takes the form of joining a group like the Klan, uh, to demonstrate white supremacy against these perceived outsiders. But it's also just as much about in the 20s, you begin to see the migration, the out migration, of a large number of African Americans from the South to other parts of the country. Um, this is something that had, obviously started in the 1860s and 70s, but it accelerates in the early 20th century, and, um, people moving to Detroit, people moving to Cleveland, people moving to, um, uh, St. Louis, moving to loads of cities where there were industrial opportunities. Prof.Hadden: Um, many of those individuals, African American individuals, moved during, uh, World War I in the late 19 teens. And what this did, it changed the, uh, population complexion of a lot of previous cities that had previously had, um, very large, uh, white, um, populations to being ones that were more racially mixed, where before more than three quarters of the African American population lived in the American South.Prof.Hadden: When you move into the 20th century, this outward migration of African Americans to other parts of the United States meant that, in other communities, a lot of whites begin to experience fear, fear of the unknown. And that concept – the fear of the unknown – also applied to my family and my own community. My father's family moved from Alabama to Minnesota, but those fears of Jim Crow remained. I thought back to my interview with my mother, in which she told me, “we didn't know if something could happen to you, because things have happened.” For Black parents who used the belt to keep their children in their perceived place – or even for Black people who called other Black people “acting white” for excelling in school or having friends of other races – they were paralyzed by that generational fear, which, if you really sit down and read them, are the same attitudes that the Slave Code is rooted in. Prof.Hadden: Um, you know, violence. is something that is passed down just like a family name. And it starts with knowing our history, but then it takes action. And that kind of action, I think, is up to each individual. It can't, you can't wait around for government to do it.It's up to the individual to act and to try to make a change. That's my own personal view. LEE: Okay. Incredible. Thank you, Professor Hadden. Prof.Hadden: You're so welcome, Lee. My research into Grandma Charity's life under the brutal rule of Mastin Pugh and the Alabama Slave Code of 1852, led me to confront a painful question: When my father whipped me with that belt, hoping to mold me into an exceptionally productive Black boy who had to grow up too fast, who was really whipping me? Was it Lee Roy Hawkins Sr., the strong, omnipresent Black father who, drawing on the power of our irrepressible Black village, wanted me to achieve our wildest dreams?Or was it Lee Roy Hawkins Sr., the great-grandson of a Black woman enslaved by Mastin Pugh, driven by the white supremacist DNA in his veins, believing he had no other choice?For me, one of the biggest challenges was accepting that both could be true. As Americans, the same complexity that inspires and haunts the American family hung over my father and our family for generations.To confront this generational tragedy, I had to peel back the layers of truth about the origins of this country and our family's place in it. For only then did I truly understand why so much of my upbringing was defined by rules enforced by the whip, which, for generations, was meant to keep us enslaved. In facing this undeniable American history, I hope that I helped position us to reclaim my family's power and to rewrite our narrative, transforming the pain inherited from “mean ol' Grandma Charity” into a legacy of resilience, and, most importantly, liberation.[outro music]CREDITSWhat Happened In Alabama is a production of American Public Media. It's written, produced and hosted by me, Lee Hawkins.Our executive producer is Erica Kraus. Our senior producer is Kyana Moghadam.Our story editor is Martina Abrahams Ilunga. Our lead writer is Jessica Kariisa.Our producers are Marcel Malekebu and Jessica Kariisa. This episode was sound designed and mixed by Marcel Malekebu. Our technical director is Derek Ramirez. Our soundtrack was composed by Ronen Lando. Our fact checker is Erika Janik.And Nick Ryan is our director of operations.Special thanks to the O'Brien Fellowship for Public Service Journalism at Marquette University; Dave Umhoefer, John Leuzzi, Andrew Amouzou and Ziyang Fu. And also thanks to our producer in Alabama, Cody Short. The executives in charge at APM are Joanne Griffith and Chandra Kavati.You can follow us on our website, whathappenedinalabama.org or on Instagram at APM Studios.Thank you for listening.

Dr. Samantha Brooks, world renown equine geneticist from the University of Florida joins us for a free ranging talk on how horses get their markers, how we might someday be able to breed for temperament and how even your temperament may predict how you experience pain.  While we never really pick a topic, this is a great discussion on how gene's influence your horse's behavior.

On this episode we talk to Michelle Fruhschien a mom of two, Noah and Hailey(Jordan Syndrome). The moment she was born, Michelle says she knew it in her bones that something was different about her daughter even though she didn't start seeing symptoms for another two months. Over the next few months, Michelle spent a lot of her time googling, asking others for their opinions and was eventually able to see an Ophthalmologist who noticed an issue and suggested seeing Geneticist and then a neurologist after a misdiagnosis.Michelle has built a supportive community for herself through social media. In the beginning of her own journey a friend told Michelle that she would get through this and eventually would be the stranger giving hope to a newly diagnosed family. Listen along with us while we hear about how important her community has been and the grief and joy that has accompanied it.Learn More:mamabearforrare.comjordansguardianangels.orgMentioned in this episode:Invitation to Check Out The AtlasThe Atlas

In this  episode of the Vint Podcast,  Brady and Billy connect with perhaps the leading wine grape geneticist of our time, José Vouillamoz. With a background in plant biology and a Ph.D. in genetics, José has dedicated his career to uncovering the origins and relationships of grape varieties. He is a co-author of the highly acclaimed book "Wine Grapes," along with Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding, which is considered a definitive reference on the subject. His research has significantly advanced the understanding of grapevine DNA, leading to the identification and classification of numerous grape varieties. (the book alone includes more than 1,300 entries).Our conversation spans a discussion on the "parents" of some of our favorite and most well known grapes, an explanation of genetic vs clonal differences, and why learning about the genetics of our vines might just unlock a whole new chapter in the history of winemaking, buying, drinking, and exploring...Enjoy the show!Chapters:00:52 Special Guest Introduction: José Vouillamoz, the Foremost Grape Geneticist02:02 Weekend Wine Tasting Adventures and Discoveries07:57 Diving Deep into Grape Genetics with José Vouillamoz08:41 Jose's Journey into Grape Genetics and DNA Profiling11:09 Unveiling the Origins of Swiss Grape Varieties13:17 The Impact of DNA Profiling on Wine Genetics and Regional Identities18:35 Exploring the Foundational Grape Varieties and Their Global Influence21:35 The Genesis of the Wine Grapes Book with Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding24:50 Founder Grape Varieties and Their Significance25:04 Exploring the Roots: The Ancestry of Famous Grape Varieties26:46 The Science Behind DNA Profiling in Viticulture35:02 The Impact of Genetic Diversity on Wine Varieties and Climate Adaptation41:11 The Future of Viticulture: Clonal Identification and Terroir Expression46:38 The Role of Rootstocks in Combating Climate Change48:45 Leveraging Genetics for Improved Winemaking and Vineyard Management51:55 Preserving Rare Varieties and the Importance of Storytelling in WiThe Vint Podcast is a production of the Vint Marketplace, your source for the highest quality stock of fine wines and rare whiskies. Visit www.vintmarketplace.com. Cheers!Past Guests Include: William Kelley, Peter Liem, Eric Asimov, Bobby Stuckey, Rajat "Raj" Parr, Erik Segelbaum, André Hueston Mack, Emily Saladino, Konstantin Baum, Landon Patterson, Heather Wibbels, Carlton "CJ" Fowler, Boris Guillome, Christopher Walkey, Danny Jassy, Kristy Wenz, Dan Petroski, Buster Scher, Andrew Nelson, Jane Anson, Tim Irwin, Matt Murphy, Allen Meadows, Altan Insights, Tim Gaiser, Vince Anter, Joel Peterson, Megan O'Connor, Adam Lapierre, Jason Haas, Ken Freeman, Lisa Perrotti-Brown, Skyler Weekes, Mary Gorman McAdams, Nick King, Bartholomew Broadbent, Nick Jackson, Dillon Sykes, Mark Bell, David Keck, John Szabo, Channing Frye, Jay Hack, Julia Harding, Austin Hope, Michael Minnillo, Jermaine Stone, Jim Madsen, Santiago Archaval, Tom Smith, Sebastian Lowa, Matthew Crafton, Tony Parker, Andrew Caillard, Mike Veseth, Madeline Puckette, John Olney, Matthew Kaner, Amelia Singer, Chess Martin, and more!

How cool would it be to build your perfect horse down to their DNA? Can it even be done? Christa Lafayette has an answer to that question. The founder and CEO of Etalon Equine Genetics, Christa knows that breeding horses is not only an art but a science -- one that lets breeders, as well as all horse lovers, see horses in a new way. Genetic testing can identify potential health risks and prevent disease. It can optimize coat color and performance abilities. Christa joins Russell and Alan to delve into the cutting-edge genetic technologies that go beyond the standard DNA panels required by breed associations, technologies that are revolutionizing the equine industry. Thank you, Cynthia Keefe, for your musical inspiration at the end of this podcast with the song “Dreaming of Paris,” co-written with Walter Salas and Bonnie Hunt while rafting down the Green River in Utah.

Patreon exclusive #6: First aired Dec 7 2021Geneticists made Daddy Shortlegs. (WHY GOD, WHY?) We imagine the Jane Fonda workout with 50' human legs (WHY GOD, WHY?!?) And we learn about some very sneaky males who look like females in a devious plot to slide into her DMs. Let's get right into it :)  Support the showIntro/Outtro music: Tiptoe Out The Back - Dan LiebowiczInterstitial Music: MK2Additional music: Freesound.com, Pixabay.org Instagram: @EggAndNugget (chicken stan account) or @MelissaMcCueMcGrathWebsite: BewilderBeastsPod.comSupport the Show and get stuff! Patreon.com/BewilderbeastsPodYour host, Melissa McCue-McGrath is an author, dog trainer, and behavior consultant in Southern Maine. She'll talk about dogs all day if you let her. You've been warned :)

Against the odds, a tiny Icelandic town speaks of a local Black ancestor. Geneticists and historians combine forces to uncover the man's eventful life.

Against the odds, a tiny Icelandic town speaks of a local Black ancestor. Geneticists and historians combine forces to uncover the man's eventful life.

In this episode, Amythyst Herrick describes her journey navigating a world as a transwoman, juggling the misconstrued definition of gender. We dive deep in a radical discussion on what gender is and what it means for Amethyst being a transwoman. BIOAmi Herrick is a transgender author, podcaster, and activist. Her work focuses on the origin and nature of identity, especially gender.  Ami's thought is best described as human activism: making identity safe across the globe.https://genderidentitytoday.com/(5) Facebook(30) Amethysta Herrick | LinkedInAmethysta.io - Making Transgender Normal Since 2022(9) Gender Identity Weekly - YouTube#gender #genderidentity #transgender #transwoman #transman #lgbt #lgbtqia #lgbtqplus #geneticist #chemist #doctorate #podcaster #author #podcasthost #genderidentityweekly #alittlelessfearpodcast #podcasting #podcastshow #writer #humanactivist #softwareengineer #activistThis is Dr. Lino Martinez the host for A Little Less Fear Podcast. For more information, please use the information below. Thanks so much for your support!Author | A Little Less FearWriters Work | Write Your Way to the Life You WantA Little LESS FEAR Podcast (@alittlelessfearpodcast) • Instagram photos and videosLino Marinez (@alittlelessfear) TikTok | Watch Lino Marinez's Newest TikTok Videos

Join us for a riveting exploration into the microscopic world of germs and vaccines in this special podcast episode featuring PhD Geneticist, Ian Copeland. Ian delves deep into the fascinating realm of germs, discussing their mechanisms of infection, evolution, and the pivotal role they play in shaping human health and history. With his expertise, Ian unpacks the science behind vaccines, shedding light on how they work to protect us from harmful pathogens. From historical epidemics to cutting-edge research, this episode offers insights into the battle against infectious diseases. Plus, Donnie joins the show to tell us the story of his heroic plane incident and how he saved the lives of many and we get into Tennessee basketball, the NBA all star game, Enhanced games and PEDs and much more. Enjoy! (00:02:47) Donnie tells his story about saving a plane (00:26:41) Dude of the week (00:37:25) Tennessee Minute (00:44:50) Bitcoin mining (00:48:30) Enhanced games (01:04:57) Germs and viruses (01:24:23) PHD Geneticist - Ian CopelandYou can find every episode of this show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or YouTube. Prime Members can listen ad-free on Amazon Music. For more, visit barstool.link/macrodosing

Giants in their fields of music and science are merging their knowledge to propel advancements in body and mind. A recent international gathering of researchers, therapists and artists took stock of what is known and what is yet to be discovered. Jeffrey Brown reports for our ongoing arts and health coverage on CANVAS. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

Timothy Mahoney and Geneticist, Dr. Rob Carter, of Creation Ministries International conclude their discussion on Biblical Genetics.       Who were the Neanderthals? Were they subhuman ape-men? Or, has modern genetics revealed something startling about these enigmatic characters from prehistory? Could it be that Neanderthals are fully human and one of the people groups that spread out after the Tower of Babel dispersion? Learn what modern genetics and archaeology have shown about Neanderthals that affirms the book of Genesis.       Get Dr. Carter's new DVD "Ancient DNA" and equip yourself and your family with powerful answers, affirming the reliability of Genesis that refute evolution.       https://usstore.creation.com/product/2307-ancient-dna?q=/module/cmi_redirect/redirect       ➡️ HELP US FUND THE NEXT FILM

Dr. Mike Brasher recently joined the crew from Campus Waterfowl for an opportunity to reconnect with his roots, as he shared a soggy morning in the cypress swamp with current and former students of his alma mater, Mississippi State University. This episode, which originally aired on Campus Waterfowl, recaps an exciting ring-neck hunt and shines a spotlight on the passion this group has for waterfowl and wetland conservation through their work on the Mississippi State chapter of Ducks Unlimited. Joining on the podcast were Derek Christians of Campus Waterfowl and Drew Brown and Hunter Yelverton from Mississippi State. The group also discussed duckDNA, the exciting project that is connecting duck hunters with scientists to inform some of today's most ground-breaking research. www.ducks.org/DUPodcastwww.campuswaterfowl.com

In this captivating episode, I'm joined by Elena Buglo. Elena's background is a PhD in neurogenetics from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. She now works supporting a rare disease biotech company in medical affairs, and she leads with great passion for neuroscience, genetics and genetic editing technologies. In her research work she utilized CRISPR technology to model and study various rare disease genes. She recently started her podcast on gene therapies and precision medicines. Check it out and support her by subscribing and giving a 5-star review at : https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gene-therapy-insightsElena discusses the significance of genetic diversity, advocating for a personalized approach to health that celebrates our unique genetic makeup. She explores neurodiversity, challenging conventional views on cognitive and physiological differences, and emphasizes the holistic interconnectedness of our biological systems. Her expertise illuminates the critical role of mitochondria and other cellular components in overall health, highlighting the need for comprehensive health strategies.This episode is a must-listen for those interested in genetic science, personalized medicine, and the future of healthcare. Elena's perspectives encourage a deeper understanding of our biological uniqueness and the potential of gene editing technologies to revolutionize health and wellness. Whether you're in the medical field, facing genetic health challenges, or simply fascinated by science, Elena's insights offer valuable guidance on navigating the complexities of human biology and the promise of tailored healthcare solutions.Key Points From This Episode:Sleep and Overall Health [00:01:53]Introduction to Neurogenetics Discussion [00:03:53]Explaining Neurogenetics in Simple Terms [00:05:0]The Impact of Debilitating Genetic Diseases [00:07:13]Genetics vs. Epigenetics [00:09:01]Personal Genetic Insights and Lifestyle Adjustments [00:14:05]The Complexity of Genetic Influence on Health [00:27:10]The Risks of Over-Optimizing Health [00:29:57]The Role of Geneticists in Healthcare [00:37:45]Genetic Testing and Personalized Medicine [00:42:50]BDNF Levels and Genetic Variability [00:44:46]Genetic Compensation and Physiological Adaptation [00:47:59]Analogy for Genetic Function and Adaptation [00:53:52]The benefits of gene editing [00:56:35] Neurodiversity and unique phenotypes. [01:03:17] Living with ADD and medication [01:05:39]Genetic dating app. [01:11:40]  Reproduction and genetic optimization. [01:13:23]Attraction to different genetic backgrounds. [01:18:23]Genetic attraction and relationships. [01:22:37] Lysosomal storage disorders. [01:29:57] Unique backgrounds and accepting differences. [01:33:17] Genetics and intuition. [01:39:05] Looking to discover your science and optimize your life?APPLY FOR HEALTH OPTIMIZATION COACHINGhttps://calendly.com/andrespreschel/intro-call-with-andresLinks Mentioned in Today's Episode:Click HERE to save on BiOptimizers MagnesiumPeopleElena Buglo LinkedinGeorge Church:WikiTwitter: @geochurchBen Greenfield: Ben Greenfield FitnessSupport the show

In this exciting new 4 part series, Timothy Mahoney interviews Geneticist, Dr. Rob Carter, of Creation Ministries International, as they discuss the sometimes heated debate surrounding origins.       What led Dr. Carter from being an evolutionist to believing in a 7 Day Creation? With the different viewpoints surrounding the book of Genesis, why is a literal creation important to consider from a Scriptural and evidential perspective? What evidence has the scientific field of Genetics uncovered that points to the veracity of the creation account?       Tim and Rob discuss this and much more in this series. We hope you enjoy this first episode!       ➡️ HELP US FUND THE NEXT FILM

Meet Dr. Leslie Lyons, your friendly neighborhood cat geneticist. In this insightful discussion, Dr. Lyons delves into the fascinating realm of feline oncogenomics, exploring the intricate connection between cancer in cats and their genetic makeup. Get ready to uncover the secrets of feline genetics with Dr. Lyons as your guide.

Professor Saleemul Huq, director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh, has died. He was instrumental in pushing for a loss and damages fund for vulnerable countries affected by climate change. Last year's COP27 climate conference made a pledge to set up this fund. But, as yet, there is not one in place. Marnie Chesterton speaks to BBC climate reporter Esme Stallard about Professor Huq's legacy, and where the money will come from for a loss and damages fund. We also hear about an unusual snail that's looking for love, with the help of matchmaking academic Dr Angus Davison. He's hoping to find a suitor for the mollusc. Marnie talks to Lev Parikian, author of Taking Flight: The Evolutionary Story of Life on the Wing, which has been shortlisted for this year's Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Prize. Geneticist, Professor Giles Yeo, who recently cycled from Land's End to John O'Groats with two glucose monitors attached to his arms, gives us an update on his research. He wanted to find out how diet and exercise affected his body's sugar levels. Presenter:  Marnie Chesterton Producers: Hannah Robins, Harrison Lewis and Alice Lipscombe-Southwell Editor: Richard Collings Production Co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth BBC Inside Science is produced in collaboration with the Open University.

The Human Cell Atlas is a project that has 3000 researchers in over 94 countries working to collect samples of every single cell in the human body. The idea is that an interactive map of the body will be created. It will be a reference for what every kind of normal human cell should look like. But that will also vary depending on who you are and where you live. It will give doctors a tool to measure illness and disease and make diagnosis and treatment much quicker. The database will enable any doctor, anywhere in the world, with the right kind of interface, to access the information. It could be ground-breaking for the treatment of disease and the democratisation of healthcare. Contributors: Dr Aviv Regev, one of the co-chairs of the Human Cell Atlas Dr Sarah Teichmann from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the University of Cambridge Dr Piero Carninci, Geneticist, Transcriptome Technology and RIKEN Centre Sean Bendall, Associate Professor of pathology and immunology at Stanford University Presented by Tanya Beckett Produced by Louise Clarke Researched by Anoushka Mutanda-Dougherty Edited by Tara McDermott Technical Producer is Richard Hannaford Production Co-ordinator is Jordan King Image: Medical Technology Stock Photo by Kentoh via Getty Images

 The Age of Prediction is such a fascinating book! After reading it, I really do think the job people should be preparing for is “data analyst” or “predictor”, because that's going to be used in every single industry, more than prompt engineers or AI coders - because AI is going to write its own code. Being able to understand what data to look at and why and how to make use of it, whether it's the medical industry or sports or stocks or insurance or art, this is going to be such a valuable skill to have, and it's a just beginning field. The creativity there is going to be amazing.The Age of Prediction: Algorithms, AI, and the Shifting Shadows of Risk by Christopher Mason and Igor Tulchinsky is like a guidebook to what's happened, what's going to be happening, and all the different ways people use will prediction technology.Igor has a $7 billion hedge fund, which analyzes millions of pieces of data around the world to predict stocks, whether something will happen tomorrow, or an hour from now, or 10 seconds from now.Christopher Mason is geneticist and computational biologist who has been a Principal Investigator and Co-investigator of many NASA missions and projects. I wanted to know: What is the state of this industry? How much can we really predict? How can we get better at it? What are the limitations? How close are we to manipulating DNA for disease gene removal? Can single-gene editing be done within a living human? We talk about all of that, and then just have a fun time while I pitched different ideas. Enjoy our interview with Igor and Chris, authors of The Age of Prediction.-----------What do YOU think of the show? Head to JamesAltucherShow.com/listeners and fill out a short survey that will help us better tailor the podcast to our audience!Are you interested in getting direct answers from James about your question on a podcast? Go to JamesAltucherShow.com/AskAltucher and send in your questions to be answered on the air!------------Visit Notepd.com to read our idea lists & sign up to create your own!My new book, Skip the Line, is out! Make sure you get a copy wherever books are sold!Join the You Should Run for President 2.0 Facebook Group, where we discuss why you should run for President.I write about all my podcasts! Check out the full post and learn what I learned at jamesaltucher.com/podcast.------------Thank you so much for listening! If you like this episode, please rate, review, and subscribe  to “The James Altucher Show” wherever you get your podcasts: Apple PodcastsStitcheriHeart RadioSpotifyFollow me on Social Media:YouTubeTwitterFacebook

Why do women go through menopause and not men? What is the purpose of the female orgasm? How have breasts, menstruation, pregnancy, and the female form evolved throughout human history? Dr. Deena Emera—an evolutionary geneticist and author of A Brief History of the Female Body, helps us unravel these fascinating mysteries and more. We also explore the question of why menopause exists and how increased longevity calls into question whether or not menopause should exist at all.  Bonus! Learn more about your body than you ever knew before! SHOW NOTES + TRANSCRIPT acertainagepod.com FOLLOW A CERTAIN AGE: Instagram Facebook LinkedIn GET INBOX INSPO: Sign up for our newsletter AGE BOLDLY We share new episodes, giveaways, links we live, and midlife resources CONTACT US: katie@acertainagepod.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Is CRISPR the solution to controlling the pest plaguing California's wine industry? In this episode, we take you to a lab where researchers are using CRISPR to genetically modify a frightening insect responsible for spreading a bacteria and killing vines.Clarification: While Dr. Tim Martinson holds healthy skepticism about the hype around CRISPR technology now, he acknowledges that it's just starting to be used and he believes it will become a valuable tool – one of many in a grape breeder's toolbox.  ResourcesTo learn more about wine grape breeding techniques, we highly recommend reading up on Dr. Tim Martinson's research on the subject here and here.InterviewsDr. Tim Martinson, Senior Extension Associate (retired), School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTechDr. Peter Atkinson, Professor of Entomology, University of California, RiversideDr. Linda Walling, Professor and Geneticist, Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, RiversideCreditsA CRISPR Bite is supported by the Jean Monnet Network, which is funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union through the GEAP-3 Network of scientists. More about our project here. This podcast does not reflect the views of our funders. This podcast was co-written and hosted by Dr. Lauren Crossland-Marr. Our executive producer is Corinne Ruff. She co-wrote, edited and produced the show. Jake Harper edited this episode. The show was sound designed and engineered by Adriene Lilly. Aaron Crossland made our theme music. Rachael Marr designed our logo.  Legal support from New Media Rights and marketing help from Tink Media. Thank you to the GEAP-3 team! Special thanks to Matthew Schnurr, Klara Fischer, and Glenn Stone for their support and advice on this podcast. Leave a 5-star rating and review of this episode on Apple podcasts to help us spread the word. Have more to say? Email us at acrisprbitepodcast@gmail.com. Follow for updates on Instagram @acrisprbite

Ducks Unlimited and the University of Texas at El Paso announce the launch of duckDNA, a new project where waterfowl hunters will collect and submit tissue samples from harvested ducks for genetic analysis. Participants will be contributing to cutting-edge science, and in exchange will receive certificates of genetic analysis for their harvested ducks. Join Dr. Phil Lavretsky, Dr. Mike Brasher, and Ashley Tunstall to learn how you can get involved. duckDNA: Where You Become the Scientist!www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

Geneticist, writer and CXO of Generate Razib Khan stops by the pod to talk genes and more.