EMS Today

The other day I was working an arrest and I watched the provider preparing to intubate take a big deep breath and hold it while they used their fingers to scissor open the patient's lips and then introduce the blade into the mouth. They had not elevated the head to optimize the airway angles and ease the need for vallecula displacement. They just went right in, holding their breath, and immediately started to struggle and shake. I tapped them on the shoulder and said, “Hey, let's bag the patient, reposition the head, and try again.” Read the full article on EMS Airway.

Before you start listening this article, I want you to sit back, relax, and take a deep breath. How refreshing was that? That was a nice 21.3% (ish) atmospheric oxygen breath that your body just enjoyed. Please keep that thought in the back of your mind for a minute. We will revisit that. We will spend a moment on PEEP, not the delicious and iconic Easter marshmallow treats that have become a yearly staple for many, but Peak End Expiratory Pressure. For this bit of time we have together, we will focus on why PEEP should be your go-to for desaturating patients or patients needing their SpO2 to rise. Read the full article on EMS Airway.

JEMS Spotlight: How Memphis Fire Department Cracked the Code on Recruitment and Retention Memphis (TN) Fire Medic Stephen Zachar breaks down how his department tackled the nationwide recruitment crisis in firefighting and EMS. Moving past outdated hiring tests, Memphis revamped the entire process by prioritizing interviews, valuing real-world experience, and replacing the traditional Candidate Physical Ability Test with a coachable physical fitness matrix. Stephen reveals how placing paramedics strategically across all units, not just ambulances, slashed burnout and boosted job satisfaction. Their innovative approach cut paramedic attrition by 60% and achieved a remarkable 75% retention rate overall. With over 800 hires from 40 states, Memphis offers a blueprint focused on respect, career growth, and financial literacy from day one.

The JEMS Report: Women's Health Challenges in EMS and Fire Service Culture   Description: Stephanie White sits down with Stacee Ramirez and Dani Landholm to explore the overlooked health challenges women face in fire and EMS roles.   Drawing from Stacee's extensive study revealing widespread reproductive health struggles, silent miscarriages, and the cultural stigma around pregnancy in male-dominated emergency services, the conversation uncovers a deep-seated culture of silence and blame.   Dani, a member of the International Association of Fire Fighters' Female Health & Safety Standing Committee, shares personal experiences and discusses how outdated policies and lack of support impact women's ability to advocate for themselves.   They highlight the urgent need for cultural change alongside policy reforms to create safer, more inclusive work environments.  

Not A-Fib Podcast : Gwenny Winkler on Critical Care, Coaching and Embracing Growth   Veteran flight nurse and educator Gwenny Winkler shares her journey from accelerated nursing programs to helicopter EMS and becoming a sought-after critical care instructor. Gwenny opens up about the steep learning curve when transitioning from emergency department nursing to flight nursing and the rapid evolution of tools like blood transfusions and advanced ventilators in air medical transport. She dives into her passion for education through social media, emphasizing the importance of understanding the “why” behind protocols, not just memorizing facts. Gwenny offers insights on coaching across all experience levels, tackling EMS culture challenges, and balancing professional identity with personal life. She also discusses her unique approach to engaging learners with authentic, down-to-earth content on TikTok and Instagram.

In this inaugural episode of the Chief's Cadence, Chief Shane Wheeler sits down with FDNY Chief of Department John Esposito to explore effective leadership approaches in fire and EMS services.   Drawing on over three decades of experience in one of the nation's largest departments, Chief Esposito shares how leadership demands more than just command. It requires adapting styles to fit individuals and situations.   From the decisive authority needed on an emergency scene to the empathy and authenticity crucial for team trust, they break down autocratic, transformational, servant and authentic leadership. They also discuss navigating generational differences, the value of honest feedback through personality assessments, and how new leaders can earn credibility without rushing change.  

Managing pain in pediatric patients is a critical aspect of prehospital care. Yet, this remains a challenging area for many EMS providers.   A new study out called “Barriers and Enablers in Prehospital Pediatric Analgesia” sheds light on the complexities of assessing and treating pain in children during ambulance rides. Led by Dr. Hoi See Tsao, Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at UT Southwestern Medical Center, the research identifies key hurdles EMS workers face and suggests actionable solutions to improve care.   Dr. Tsao, a specialist in pediatric emergency medicine with a passion for prehospital care, shared her insights and findings during a recent interview. “When pain in kids is not treated, it can lead to adverse effects such as increased anxiety, decreased pain tolerance, and fear of future healthcare encounters,” she pointed out. The stakes are high, and the study highlights both challenges and opportunities for EMS professionals.

Elevating EMS Education: Insights and Innovations from Industry Leaders Dr. Ted Lee discusses education as part of EMS Week. The discussion features  Dr. Shira Schlesinger, Dr. Navin Ariyaprakai and Dr. Maia Dorsett They highlight the importance of transitioning from traditional, time-based training to a more dynamic and critical-thinking-focused curriculum that fosters professional growth and clinical judgment among EMS providers. The conversation touches on the value of accreditation, the role of preceptor training, and the increasing demand for lifelong learning within the field.

Celebrating Emergency Medical Services: Insights on EMS Recognition Day JEMS Managing Editor Jeff Frankel talks with Dr. Thomas Lardaro to discuss the critical role of emergency medical services in our communities. Celebrating EMS Recognition Day, Dr. Lardaro reflects on the profound responsibilities and challenges faced by EMS professionals both in urban and rural settings. He highlights the importance of public understanding regarding the unique pressures faced by first responders and the need for meaningful recognition beyond traditional celebrations.

Advocating for EMS: Shaping the Future of Prehospital Care Dr. Ted Lee talks with  Dr. Nick Cozzi, Dr. David Tan and Henry Lewis. They talk about the importance of grassroots advocacy, exploring how every EMS provider serves as an ambassador for the profession. By sharing their stories and building relationships at local and federal levels, they emphasize the need for a unified voice to promote essential changes in legislation and funding. The panelists highlight the evolving landscape of EMS, driven by innovative care strategies and partnerships that enhance patient outcomes.

Dr. Ted Lee looks at the impact and importance of Save a Life Day for EMS Week. Featuring expert guests Dr. Matt Levy and Corey Richter, the discussion underscores the critical role of community engagement in prehospital emergency medicine.   Both leaders share their extensive backgrounds in EMS and emphasize the necessity of equipping citizens with essential skills to respond effectively in emergencies, such as performing CPR, managing bleeding and advocating for blood donation initiatives.   They highlight that by fostering a proactive culture of preparedness, communities can significantly improve health outcomes and save lives.

Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Luke Estes, manager of Prisma Health's Mobile Integrated Health Program, to explore the transformative role of community paramedics in prehospital medicine. Dennis shares his journey from a young aspiring EMT in Missouri to leading a groundbreaking health initiative in South Carolina. The program, which has grown significantly since its inception in 2019, addresses various social determinants of health, aiming to reduce hospital readmissions and enhance patient care access. With a footprint spanning 18 counties—primarily rural—this initiative adapts to meet diverse community needs, breaking down barriers to healthcare through education and resource connection.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee convenes a panel of pediatric emergency medicine experts to discuss the significance of EMS Week 2025 and the critical EMS for Children program. The panel, featuring Dr. Ann M. Dietrich, Dr. Kathleen Adelgais and Dr. Lindsay Jaeger, highlights the essential role of EMS professionals in providing pre-hospital care for pediatric patients, particularly in emergency situations. With less than 10% of EMS calls involving children, the discussion sheds light on the urgency of enhancing pediatric readiness within EMS agencies. The doctors emphasize the wealth of resources available through the Pediatric Readiness Project, designed to fortify preparation and education for emergency providers. This episode serves as a vital reminder of the commitment to better serve our youngest patients and the importance of collaboration in advancing pediatric emergency care.

Dr. Ted Lee talks with Dr. Douglas Kupas and Dr. Joanne Piccininni on the topic of EMS safety during EMS Week 2025. With decades of experience in EMS, both guests highlight the significance of prioritizing safety within the EMS community, stressing that awareness and proactive measures can prevent injuries and fatalities. They discuss the need for a cultural shift in EMS, focusing on safety practices such as seatbelt usage and risk awareness. The conversation also reflects on the tragic loss of colleagues in the line of duty, reinforcing the essential nature of mentoring and supporting new practitioners.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee sits down with Shaun Gladney, executive director of the Bryant Gladney Foundation, a nonprofit established in memory of his father, a dedicated paramedic and educator who tragically lost his life in the line of duty. The foundation's mission is to empower future EMS providers through scholarships for paramedic education and innovative educational offerings. Sean shares his father's impressive legacy in the field, emphasizing the importance of ongoing learning and mentorship in pre-hospital medicine. The conversation also unveils the foundation's initiatives, including the upcoming All Star EMS Conference and its growing scholarship program aimed at fostering exceptional talent in emergency medical services.

JEMS Managing Editor Jeff Frankel talks with Matt Philbrick, an experienced paramedic and wellness advocate. Matt shares his insights into the importance of mental fitness, resilience and the need for emergency responders to foster a supportive environment.

When faced with the challenge of reviving a patient in cardiac arrest, paramedics rely on an arsenal of tools, techniques, and medications. Among these are two stalwarts of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS): amiodarone and lidocaine.   Although both drugs have long been included in protocols as viable options for shockable cardiac arrests, a new study published in Resuscitation sheds fresh light on their effectiveness, offering compelling insights into why lidocaine might deserve a closer look.   The research, led by Tanner Smida, MD/PhD candidate at West Virginia University, employed a meticulous approach known as “target trial emulation.” This method is designed to minimize bias in observational studies, aligning results more closely with what randomized controlled trials would reveal.   The study analyzed data spanning five years, from 2018 to 2023, drawing on over 23,000 cardiac arrest cases treated by EMS professionals in real-world settings.

Lt. Holly O'Byrne from D.C. Fire & EMS joins the Not A-Fib Podcast to discuss their whole blood program. She talks about the impetus for the program, overcoming hurdles to getting the blood, and the training they needed to do before putting blood on the trucks. She also talks about their successes and the downstream effects of administering blood in the field. The episode wraps up by talking about her experiences as the planning section chief on the IMT at Reagan Washington International Airport after the midair collision of a helicopter and commuter jet over the Potomac River.

When many EMS workers first enter the field, their focus is entirely on helping patients in crisis. However, as time goes on, the relentless demands of the job often push self-care to the backburner. Meals become whatever can be grabbed on the go, energy drinks replace proper hydration, and exercise falls by the wayside. This gradual decline in self-care takes its toll, as long, unpredictable shifts and high-stress environments leave little room for prioritizing personal health.  

EMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee talks with Dr. Kristin McCabe-Kline, a board member with the American College of Emergency Physicians and Chief Christopher Way, president of the National Association of EMTs. They explore the vital intersection between emergency medicine and EMS as they kick off EMS Week, discussing its significance beyond mere appreciation gestures like pizza and cake. The conversation emphasizes the transformation of EMS into a critical healthcare provider within communities, particularly amid rising demands and budgetary constraints. They call for stronger advocacy to ensure EMS receives the recognition, funding and support it requires to thrive.  

In the latest episode of the Not A-fib podcast, host Mark Flauter welcomes back attorney Kevin Fairley to explore the tumultuous landscape of Medicaid funding and its impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS). With a looming budget shortfall and proposed cuts to provider taxes, states face potential financial crises that could significantly impact healthcare delivery. The discussion delves into the complex interplay between state-directed payments, federal oversight, and the growing scrutiny from agencies like the Office of Inspector General (OIG). Fairley highlights the need for EMS leaders to adopt a proactive approach to compliance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nuances of cost-reimbursement structures and maintaining accountability. As Medicaid faces critical changes under the new political landscape, this episode offers valuable insights for healthcare stakeholders to prepare for the uncertainties ahead. Tune in to stay informed about the evolving Medicaid policies affecting EMS agencies nationwide.

In honor of Women's History Month, EMS P.O.D. host Chief Doug Randell sits down with Dr. Owusu-Anshan, associate professor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine University at Pittsburgh School of Medicine. She is a trailblazer for women who has improved the lives of patients and creates opportunities for those who otherwise would not. This interview gives you a chance to learn of many of the exciting activities she's involved with, including “The Pitt” now streaming on MAX.  

JEMS Report host Dr. Ted Lee interviews Jeremy Mast, CEO of Tri-County Ambulance Service, to discuss the pivotal role of leadership during challenging situations in EMS. Drawing upon his 30 years of experience in fire and EMS, Mast shares invaluable insights on preparing for unforeseen events, fostering a supportive organizational culture and ensuring crew well-being. He emphasizes the importance of strong leadership visibility during crises to reassure teams and facilitate effective decision-making. Through their conversation, they explore strategies for building robust community connections and the impact of training and mentorship on individual growth within the EMS landscape.

Moving Toward Safer Pediatric Transport Care in EMS Insights from Dr. Nick Cochran-Caggiano's Research on Pediatric Transport and Resuscitation By Bram Duffee, PhD, EMT-P Transporting children in ambulances presents unique challenges that EMS providers face every day. Issues like the correct use of safety equipment, performance of life-saving procedures like CPR, and the absence of universal standards can make pediatric care in emergency settings more difficult than necessary. Dr. Nick Cochran-Caggiano, an emergency physician and researcher, has taken a deep look into these challenges through two pivotal studies that every EMS worker should know about. Both studies were discussed on the latest podcast episode of “EMS Research with Professor Bram.” The Unsafe Reality of Pediatric Transport in Ambulances One of Dr. Cochran-Caggiano's studies, published in Pediatric Emergency Care (2023), examined how children are secured during ambulance transport. The study reviewed over 3,000 cases by observing video footage of ambulances arriving at a pediatric emergency department. The findings reveal a troubling reality:  Just 53.5% of children were transported using the correct safety device for their weight.  A staggering 77.1% of transport restraints were not used properly, putting children at significant risk.  Commercially made pediatric restraints were found to be the best option, yet these were still improperly used half the time.  For many patients, ambulance cots were the default method of transport, but this was only the correct choice in 18.2% of cases. Dr. Cochran-Caggiano shared his thoughts on this alarming data during a recent interview, emphasizing that the absence of consistent safety standards puts children at unnecessary risk. "Having some sort of ability to transport children safely is a must," he said. He also pointed out the pitfalls of the current patchwork approach to pediatric safety in EMS. "There's no appropriate way to secure [a child's car seat] to an ambulance stretcher. You can make a good faith effort, but that's really all it is." Why This Matters Improper restraint practices don't just violate safety protocols—they create scenarios where otherwise preventable injuries become inevitable. Reflecting on the need for systemic change, Dr. Cochran-Caggiano pushed for a proactive approach, stating, "Let's make a difference before

EMS Improv Podcast host Eric Chase welcomes Bonnie Rumilly, LCSW, EMT-B, EMDR therapist. In this conversation, Bonnie shares some personal experiences as well as offers insights and actionable takeaways. Bonnie shares her personal story of resilience, highlighting her journey from a challenging childhood to becoming a compassionate caregiver for her community. As they explore topics such as dysregulation, trauma bonding and the importance of addressing mental health, listeners gain valuable insights into recognizing the signs of trauma and seeking help. Bonnie emphasizes the critical role of early processing and trauma-informed care, offering hope and actionable steps for those navigating their healing journey.

EMS Improv Podcast host Eric Chase welcomes Jason Bazelow, a flight paramedic turned patient advocate. Jason shares his experience of surviving an aortic dissection, during which he faced a reality of clinical death for an astounding 34 minutes. Through vulnerability and transparency, he narrates the profound emotional, psychological and physical toll of his journey, not only on himself but also on his family. As Jason reflects on his transition from being a healthcare provider to becoming a patient, he emphasizes the importance of patient advocacy, mental health awareness and genuine communication within the healthcare system. Hear how Jason's story not only resonates with survivors and healthcare professionals but also serves as a beacon of hope and understanding for those navigating their own health challenges.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee and Jonathan Epstein from the American Red Cross discuss critical developments in prehospital resuscitation education, especially surrounding Heart Month. Epstein highlights the Red Cross's longstanding commitment to lifesaving training, evolving from traditional community-focused programs to a comprehensive suite that includes Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support and the newly launched Neonatal Advanced Life Support. The conversation emphasizes the importance of tailored educational offerings for both public and healthcare professionals, aiming to bridge the gap in emergency medical response across diverse communities. The Red Cross's innovative Mission CPR project looks to improve bystander CPR rates in underserved areas, underscoring that every second counts during cardiac emergencies. For EMS providers and healthcare professionals, this initiative represents a significant step forward in achieving better patient outcomes and preparedness in life-threatening situations.

In episode 18 of the Not AFib podcast, host Mark Flauter talks with paramedic Rachel Belcher to explore the often-overlooked topic of "duty-bound grief," a unique form of grief experienced by first responders. Looking into their shared experiences, Rachel discusses how cumulative exposure to traumatic events leads to emotional overwhelm, revealing the intricacies of compartmentalization and its long-term impacts on mental health. Through her advocacy for comprehensive mental wellness education, she emphasizes the importance of self-assessment, regular mental hygiene practices, and the value of peer support networks. Rachel's personal journey to recovery from trauma and her call for systemic change underscore the urgent need for robust resources tailored to the needs of first responders. This episode serves as a vital reminder that acknowledging grief and seeking help is an act of courage, fostering resilience within those who dedicate their lives to serving others.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Kate Tataris, EMS director for Chicago EMS System and Chicago Paramedic-in-Charge Chris Powers about cardiac arrest and heart programs.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Christine McGuire-Wolfe, the director of Infection Control for Emergency Responders (ICER) Collaborative and Training Hub. Read more about the program and how you can help by clicking here.

Eric Chase has a conversation with Shane Stephens, the EMS specialist for leadership development with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Stephens talks about how his position and personal experiences help grow collaboration.  

Chief Douglas Randell speaks with Dr. Remle Crowe and Dr. Jamie Kennel about following the data in EMS research.

In this special episode of the EMS Handoff Podcast, hosts Bradley Dean and David Blevins are honored to welcome the legendary Dr. Paul Pepe, a trailblazing EMS medical director whose groundbreaking work has shaped the foundation of modern-day EMS. Dr. Pepe's influence spans decades, and his passion for advancing prehospital medicine continues to inspire generations of EMS professionals. Join us as we take a deep dive into the fascinating history of EMS medical direction, exploring how this critical component of prehospital care evolved into what it is today. In This Episode A look back at the early days of EMS and how medical direction began. Dr. Pepe's personal journey and contributions to prehospital medicine. How medical directors bridge the gap between field providers and the healthcare system. Insights into the challenges and successes of shaping EMS protocols and education. Lessons learned and advice for current and aspiring EMS leaders and medical directors. Whether you're a seasoned EMS professional, a new provider, or simply passionate about the history and future of prehospital care, this episode is packed with valuable insights and inspiration. About Dr. Paul Pepe Dr. Paul Pepe is renowned for his pioneering work in EMS systems development, resuscitation science, and disaster response. With a career dedicated to improving patient outcomes through innovation and collaboration, Dr. Pepe remains a cornerstone of EMS advancement worldwide.

Hennepin EMS in Minnesota is breaking new ground in prehospital care with the introduction of a clinical pharmacist consulting role, designed to tackle complex challenges and foster collaboration between paramedics and pharmacists through hands-on support and cutting-edge research. The clinical pharmacist acts as a bridge between hospital and field operations, ensuring prehospital teams have the support they need to improve patient outcomes. A critical part of the pharmacist's responsibilities includes hands-on engagement. From participating in ambulance ride-alongs to hosting open-door consultations, this role prioritizes practical and actionable solutions. At the heart of this initiative is Holly Drone, PharmD, Hennepin EMS's clinical pharmacist. Not only has Holly been integral to placing this program into action, but she's also contributing to the field through her research. Her studies focus on essential topics such as Sodium Nitrate Overdose management, the initiation of Buprenorphine in prehospital settings, and the use of Oral Risperidone by EMS providers in the field. To learn more about this innovative role and hear directly about her experiences and research, check out her recent interview on the podcast “EMS Research with Professor Bram.” Holly provides unique insights into the evolving relationship between paramedics and pharmacists as well as the critical role clinical pharmacy plays in improving prehospital care.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Michael J. Carr about how telemedicine is saving lives in Georgia. Carr, the executive director of Prehospital & Ambulatory Virtual Emergency Services (PAVES) at Emory University, says patients in rural counties now have access to doctors and specialists even before they reach the hospital.

Join hosts Bradley Dean and David Blevins as they sit down with Dr. David Tan to explore the evolving role of medical direction in EMS. Together, they dive deep into the challenges and opportunities shaping EMS systems and the clinicians who drive them forward.

Dan Burke, EMS safety director for the Center for Patient Safety (CPS), joins the podcast to discuss CPS. We discuss the mission of the CPS and how it's grown in the last 25 years. We also discuss the benefits of joining the CPS and how EMS agencies become better focused on patient safety. Finally, we discuss his time as state EMS director for the District of Columbia and the challenges, and benefits, of guiding EMS in our nation's capital. 

In this episode of The EMS Handoff Podcast, host Bradley Dean welcomes Janet Taylor, a seasoned flight nurse, educator and national EMS speaker, to discuss the seismic shifts in EMS education brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Together, they explore what it means to be a “COVID provider,” the challenges of addressing knowledge gaps in the post-pandemic era, and the importance of going the extra mile to ensure the success of EMS professionals in a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. With her extensive background in nursing, flight medicine, and education, Janet shares her insights into how educators and providers can adapt and thrive, even in the face of unprecedented challenges. From innovative teaching strategies to practical advice for today's EMS providers, this episode is a must-listen for anyone involved in EMS education or practice. Key Topics Covered in This Episode The COVID-19 Impact on EMS Education: How the pandemic changed the way we teach and learn in EMS. Understanding the “COVID Provider” Phenomenon: What defines a provider trained during the pandemic era, and what unique challenges do they face? Addressing Knowledge Gaps: Practical strategies for bridging gaps caused by disrupted training and clinical experience during the pandemic. Going the Extra Mile: Why resilience, creativity, and commitment are more critical than ever for EMS providers and educators. The Role of Technology in EMS Education: Exploring innovative tools and methods that emerged during the pandemic and their lasting impact on training programs.

Infection Control Consultant Katherine West explains why Marburg Virus is not as worrisome as some recent media headlines suggest. Watch the presentation on JEMS.

Author, speaker and educator Mongo Allen shares lessons from life with Eric Chase.

Chief Douglas Randell reviews the 2024 legal issues in EMS with Attorney Douglas Wolfberg.

When every second counts in a medical emergency like a stroke, deciding on the right course of treatment can be life-changing. Strokes come in two main types—ischemic and hemorrhagic—each requiring very different treatment approaches. But what if a critical intervention, like lowering blood pressure, could be started right there in the ambulance? Could it improve outcomes for stroke patients before they even reach the hospital? These are some of the pressing questions tackled in the latest episode of EMS Research with Professor Bram. This discussion explores the complexities of early care for stroke patients and the role prehospital blood pressure management might play in recovery. Paramedic Mic Gunderson and Neurologist David Rose offer a specialist's perspective on stroke care. Together, they dissect groundbreaking research and share practical strategies that could transform how strokes are treated in the field.

Battalion Chief (Ret.) Tom Yahnke joins the podcast to discuss peer support teams. We discuss the importance of peer support teams, the difference between peer support and EAP, and what makes a good peer support team member. We also discuss the life-altering incident he experienced on a fire and how peer support, if available at that time, may have helped him avoid some of the problems he encountered trying to deal with that incident.

Eric Chase and Brett Lyle have a conversation to help us prepare our minds for the New Year. Let's share positive, contagious growth and development with accountability.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with T. Ryan Mayfield and Andrew Pearson of Hennepin EMS on how the agency is addressing its staffing shortage and empowering its education program. Listen to Part 1 here.

You are dispatched to a pedestrian struck approximately seven blocks away at an off the beaten path intersection. You hop in the rig look over to your partner and voice your satisfaction with tonight‘s dinner choice. They nod in agreement and also highlight the fact you both were able to finish uninterrupted. It's an uneventful response and you arrive on scene to find what appears to be a male lying in the roadway. There is a minivan next to the patient with the headlights shining over where they're lying. You see the patient moving their arms and legs ever so slightly and a group of people around them trying to talk to him. Read the full article on EMS Airway.

EMS P.O.D. host Doug Randell discusses the EMS Commission in Indiana, the gubernatorial-appointed group that advises EMS on issues that affect EMS in the State of Indiana. 

In late September of this year, Hurricane Helene struck the mountains of Western North Carolina, bringing devastating flooding, mudslides and damage to the area. Host John Sammons is joined by Paramedic Garry Pomerleau to talk about his experience during and after the storm as not only a responder, but a resident of the area. You can read his article in JEMS as well.

After six doses of epinephrine, it may be too late for the CPR patient. Emergency physicians Dr. Zachary Boivin and Dr. Trent She, both from Connecticut, discussed their recent study entitled "Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest: Identifying a Potential Limit for Resuscitation."1 This research sought to determine if there is a ceiling to the effective use of Epinephrine during resuscitation. Peter Antevy, MD, who created the Handtevy System, a software-based pediatric resuscitation method and bag system is also an EMS Physician for Palm Beach County (FL) Fire Rescue and he made a post on LinkedIn advocating for abolishing Epinephrine in shockable rhythm protocols. He posts about how his protocol does not follow standard AHA guidelines at Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and their plan for ventricular fibrillation is to use esmolol, but no Epinephrine. References Boivin, Z., Duignan, K. M., Doko, D., Pugliese, N., & She, T. (2023). Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest: Identifying a Potential Limit for Resuscitation. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(6), 1025.

It appears that Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers – Lassa Fever, Ebola and Marburg virus are getting all the press. However, Pertussis (whooping cough) is an area that needs focus. The cases for 2024 are at least four-times higher than in 2023, and many departments have not offered the required Tdap booster to protect healthcare personnel. An additional dose of Tdap was first recommended in 2005 and then again in 2011. Pertussis is not on the radar, and we need to ensure that healthcare providers are protected. This session addresses vaccine, personal protective equipment and post-exposure medical follow up.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Global Medical Response's Natalie Jobst about training veterans for EMS careers.