EMS Today

Elevating EMS Education: Insights and Innovations from Industry Leaders Dr. Ted Lee discusses education as part of EMS Week. The discussion features  Dr. Shira Schlesinger, Dr. Navin Ariyaprakai and Dr. Maia Dorsett They highlight the importance of transitioning from traditional, time-based training to a more dynamic and critical-thinking-focused curriculum that fosters professional growth and clinical judgment among EMS providers. The conversation touches on the value of accreditation, the role of preceptor training, and the increasing demand for lifelong learning within the field.

Celebrating Emergency Medical Services: Insights on EMS Recognition Day JEMS Managing Editor Jeff Frankel talks with Dr. Thomas Lardaro to discuss the critical role of emergency medical services in our communities. Celebrating EMS Recognition Day, Dr. Lardaro reflects on the profound responsibilities and challenges faced by EMS professionals both in urban and rural settings. He highlights the importance of public understanding regarding the unique pressures faced by first responders and the need for meaningful recognition beyond traditional celebrations.

Advocating for EMS: Shaping the Future of Prehospital Care Dr. Ted Lee talks with  Dr. Nick Cozzi, Dr. David Tan and Henry Lewis. They talk about the importance of grassroots advocacy, exploring how every EMS provider serves as an ambassador for the profession. By sharing their stories and building relationships at local and federal levels, they emphasize the need for a unified voice to promote essential changes in legislation and funding. The panelists highlight the evolving landscape of EMS, driven by innovative care strategies and partnerships that enhance patient outcomes.

Dr. Ted Lee looks at the impact and importance of Save a Life Day for EMS Week. Featuring expert guests Dr. Matt Levy and Corey Richter, the discussion underscores the critical role of community engagement in prehospital emergency medicine.   Both leaders share their extensive backgrounds in EMS and emphasize the necessity of equipping citizens with essential skills to respond effectively in emergencies, such as performing CPR, managing bleeding and advocating for blood donation initiatives.   They highlight that by fostering a proactive culture of preparedness, communities can significantly improve health outcomes and save lives.

Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Luke Estes, manager of Prisma Health's Mobile Integrated Health Program, to explore the transformative role of community paramedics in prehospital medicine. Dennis shares his journey from a young aspiring EMT in Missouri to leading a groundbreaking health initiative in South Carolina. The program, which has grown significantly since its inception in 2019, addresses various social determinants of health, aiming to reduce hospital readmissions and enhance patient care access. With a footprint spanning 18 counties—primarily rural—this initiative adapts to meet diverse community needs, breaking down barriers to healthcare through education and resource connection.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee convenes a panel of pediatric emergency medicine experts to discuss the significance of EMS Week 2025 and the critical EMS for Children program. The panel, featuring Dr. Ann M. Dietrich, Dr. Kathleen Adelgais and Dr. Lindsay Jaeger, highlights the essential role of EMS professionals in providing pre-hospital care for pediatric patients, particularly in emergency situations. With less than 10% of EMS calls involving children, the discussion sheds light on the urgency of enhancing pediatric readiness within EMS agencies. The doctors emphasize the wealth of resources available through the Pediatric Readiness Project, designed to fortify preparation and education for emergency providers. This episode serves as a vital reminder of the commitment to better serve our youngest patients and the importance of collaboration in advancing pediatric emergency care.

Dr. Ted Lee talks with Dr. Douglas Kupas and Dr. Joanne Piccininni on the topic of EMS safety during EMS Week 2025. With decades of experience in EMS, both guests highlight the significance of prioritizing safety within the EMS community, stressing that awareness and proactive measures can prevent injuries and fatalities. They discuss the need for a cultural shift in EMS, focusing on safety practices such as seatbelt usage and risk awareness. The conversation also reflects on the tragic loss of colleagues in the line of duty, reinforcing the essential nature of mentoring and supporting new practitioners.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee sits down with Shaun Gladney, executive director of the Bryant Gladney Foundation, a nonprofit established in memory of his father, a dedicated paramedic and educator who tragically lost his life in the line of duty. The foundation's mission is to empower future EMS providers through scholarships for paramedic education and innovative educational offerings. Sean shares his father's impressive legacy in the field, emphasizing the importance of ongoing learning and mentorship in pre-hospital medicine. The conversation also unveils the foundation's initiatives, including the upcoming All Star EMS Conference and its growing scholarship program aimed at fostering exceptional talent in emergency medical services.

JEMS Managing Editor Jeff Frankel talks with Matt Philbrick, an experienced paramedic and wellness advocate. Matt shares his insights into the importance of mental fitness, resilience and the need for emergency responders to foster a supportive environment.

When faced with the challenge of reviving a patient in cardiac arrest, paramedics rely on an arsenal of tools, techniques, and medications. Among these are two stalwarts of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS): amiodarone and lidocaine.   Although both drugs have long been included in protocols as viable options for shockable cardiac arrests, a new study published in Resuscitation sheds fresh light on their effectiveness, offering compelling insights into why lidocaine might deserve a closer look.   The research, led by Tanner Smida, MD/PhD candidate at West Virginia University, employed a meticulous approach known as “target trial emulation.” This method is designed to minimize bias in observational studies, aligning results more closely with what randomized controlled trials would reveal.   The study analyzed data spanning five years, from 2018 to 2023, drawing on over 23,000 cardiac arrest cases treated by EMS professionals in real-world settings.

Lt. Holly O'Byrne from D.C. Fire & EMS joins the Not A-Fib Podcast to discuss their whole blood program. She talks about the impetus for the program, overcoming hurdles to getting the blood, and the training they needed to do before putting blood on the trucks. She also talks about their successes and the downstream effects of administering blood in the field. The episode wraps up by talking about her experiences as the planning section chief on the IMT at Reagan Washington International Airport after the midair collision of a helicopter and commuter jet over the Potomac River.

When many EMS workers first enter the field, their focus is entirely on helping patients in crisis. However, as time goes on, the relentless demands of the job often push self-care to the backburner. Meals become whatever can be grabbed on the go, energy drinks replace proper hydration, and exercise falls by the wayside. This gradual decline in self-care takes its toll, as long, unpredictable shifts and high-stress environments leave little room for prioritizing personal health.  

EMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee talks with Dr. Kristin McCabe-Kline, a board member with the American College of Emergency Physicians and Chief Christopher Way, president of the National Association of EMTs. They explore the vital intersection between emergency medicine and EMS as they kick off EMS Week, discussing its significance beyond mere appreciation gestures like pizza and cake. The conversation emphasizes the transformation of EMS into a critical healthcare provider within communities, particularly amid rising demands and budgetary constraints. They call for stronger advocacy to ensure EMS receives the recognition, funding and support it requires to thrive.  

In the latest episode of the Not A-fib podcast, host Mark Flauter welcomes back attorney Kevin Fairley to explore the tumultuous landscape of Medicaid funding and its impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS). With a looming budget shortfall and proposed cuts to provider taxes, states face potential financial crises that could significantly impact healthcare delivery. The discussion delves into the complex interplay between state-directed payments, federal oversight, and the growing scrutiny from agencies like the Office of Inspector General (OIG). Fairley highlights the need for EMS leaders to adopt a proactive approach to compliance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nuances of cost-reimbursement structures and maintaining accountability. As Medicaid faces critical changes under the new political landscape, this episode offers valuable insights for healthcare stakeholders to prepare for the uncertainties ahead. Tune in to stay informed about the evolving Medicaid policies affecting EMS agencies nationwide.

In honor of Women's History Month, EMS P.O.D. host Chief Doug Randell sits down with Dr. Owusu-Anshan, associate professor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine University at Pittsburgh School of Medicine. She is a trailblazer for women who has improved the lives of patients and creates opportunities for those who otherwise would not. This interview gives you a chance to learn of many of the exciting activities she's involved with, including “The Pitt” now streaming on MAX.  

JEMS Report host Dr. Ted Lee interviews Jeremy Mast, CEO of Tri-County Ambulance Service, to discuss the pivotal role of leadership during challenging situations in EMS. Drawing upon his 30 years of experience in fire and EMS, Mast shares invaluable insights on preparing for unforeseen events, fostering a supportive organizational culture and ensuring crew well-being. He emphasizes the importance of strong leadership visibility during crises to reassure teams and facilitate effective decision-making. Through their conversation, they explore strategies for building robust community connections and the impact of training and mentorship on individual growth within the EMS landscape.

Moving Toward Safer Pediatric Transport Care in EMS Insights from Dr. Nick Cochran-Caggiano's Research on Pediatric Transport and Resuscitation By Bram Duffee, PhD, EMT-P Transporting children in ambulances presents unique challenges that EMS providers face every day. Issues like the correct use of safety equipment, performance of life-saving procedures like CPR, and the absence of universal standards can make pediatric care in emergency settings more difficult than necessary. Dr. Nick Cochran-Caggiano, an emergency physician and researcher, has taken a deep look into these challenges through two pivotal studies that every EMS worker should know about. Both studies were discussed on the latest podcast episode of “EMS Research with Professor Bram.” The Unsafe Reality of Pediatric Transport in Ambulances One of Dr. Cochran-Caggiano's studies, published in Pediatric Emergency Care (2023), examined how children are secured during ambulance transport. The study reviewed over 3,000 cases by observing video footage of ambulances arriving at a pediatric emergency department. The findings reveal a troubling reality:  Just 53.5% of children were transported using the correct safety device for their weight.  A staggering 77.1% of transport restraints were not used properly, putting children at significant risk.  Commercially made pediatric restraints were found to be the best option, yet these were still improperly used half the time.  For many patients, ambulance cots were the default method of transport, but this was only the correct choice in 18.2% of cases. Dr. Cochran-Caggiano shared his thoughts on this alarming data during a recent interview, emphasizing that the absence of consistent safety standards puts children at unnecessary risk. "Having some sort of ability to transport children safely is a must," he said. He also pointed out the pitfalls of the current patchwork approach to pediatric safety in EMS. "There's no appropriate way to secure [a child's car seat] to an ambulance stretcher. You can make a good faith effort, but that's really all it is." Why This Matters Improper restraint practices don't just violate safety protocols—they create scenarios where otherwise preventable injuries become inevitable. Reflecting on the need for systemic change, Dr. Cochran-Caggiano pushed for a proactive approach, stating, "Let's make a difference before

EMS Improv Podcast host Eric Chase welcomes Bonnie Rumilly, LCSW, EMT-B, EMDR therapist. In this conversation, Bonnie shares some personal experiences as well as offers insights and actionable takeaways. Bonnie shares her personal story of resilience, highlighting her journey from a challenging childhood to becoming a compassionate caregiver for her community. As they explore topics such as dysregulation, trauma bonding and the importance of addressing mental health, listeners gain valuable insights into recognizing the signs of trauma and seeking help. Bonnie emphasizes the critical role of early processing and trauma-informed care, offering hope and actionable steps for those navigating their healing journey.

EMS Improv Podcast host Eric Chase welcomes Jason Bazelow, a flight paramedic turned patient advocate. Jason shares his experience of surviving an aortic dissection, during which he faced a reality of clinical death for an astounding 34 minutes. Through vulnerability and transparency, he narrates the profound emotional, psychological and physical toll of his journey, not only on himself but also on his family. As Jason reflects on his transition from being a healthcare provider to becoming a patient, he emphasizes the importance of patient advocacy, mental health awareness and genuine communication within the healthcare system. Hear how Jason's story not only resonates with survivors and healthcare professionals but also serves as a beacon of hope and understanding for those navigating their own health challenges.

In this episode of the JEMS Report, Dr. Ted Lee and Jonathan Epstein from the American Red Cross discuss critical developments in prehospital resuscitation education, especially surrounding Heart Month. Epstein highlights the Red Cross's longstanding commitment to lifesaving training, evolving from traditional community-focused programs to a comprehensive suite that includes Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support and the newly launched Neonatal Advanced Life Support. The conversation emphasizes the importance of tailored educational offerings for both public and healthcare professionals, aiming to bridge the gap in emergency medical response across diverse communities. The Red Cross's innovative Mission CPR project looks to improve bystander CPR rates in underserved areas, underscoring that every second counts during cardiac emergencies. For EMS providers and healthcare professionals, this initiative represents a significant step forward in achieving better patient outcomes and preparedness in life-threatening situations.

In episode 18 of the Not AFib podcast, host Mark Flauter talks with paramedic Rachel Belcher to explore the often-overlooked topic of "duty-bound grief," a unique form of grief experienced by first responders. Looking into their shared experiences, Rachel discusses how cumulative exposure to traumatic events leads to emotional overwhelm, revealing the intricacies of compartmentalization and its long-term impacts on mental health. Through her advocacy for comprehensive mental wellness education, she emphasizes the importance of self-assessment, regular mental hygiene practices, and the value of peer support networks. Rachel's personal journey to recovery from trauma and her call for systemic change underscore the urgent need for robust resources tailored to the needs of first responders. This episode serves as a vital reminder that acknowledging grief and seeking help is an act of courage, fostering resilience within those who dedicate their lives to serving others.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Kate Tataris, EMS director for Chicago EMS System and Chicago Paramedic-in-Charge Chris Powers about cardiac arrest and heart programs.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Christine McGuire-Wolfe, the director of Infection Control for Emergency Responders (ICER) Collaborative and Training Hub. Read more about the program and how you can help by clicking here.

Eric Chase has a conversation with Shane Stephens, the EMS specialist for leadership development with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Stephens talks about how his position and personal experiences help grow collaboration.  

Chief Douglas Randell speaks with Dr. Remle Crowe and Dr. Jamie Kennel about following the data in EMS research.

In this special episode of the EMS Handoff Podcast, hosts Bradley Dean and David Blevins are honored to welcome the legendary Dr. Paul Pepe, a trailblazing EMS medical director whose groundbreaking work has shaped the foundation of modern-day EMS. Dr. Pepe's influence spans decades, and his passion for advancing prehospital medicine continues to inspire generations of EMS professionals. Join us as we take a deep dive into the fascinating history of EMS medical direction, exploring how this critical component of prehospital care evolved into what it is today. In This Episode A look back at the early days of EMS and how medical direction began. Dr. Pepe's personal journey and contributions to prehospital medicine. How medical directors bridge the gap between field providers and the healthcare system. Insights into the challenges and successes of shaping EMS protocols and education. Lessons learned and advice for current and aspiring EMS leaders and medical directors. Whether you're a seasoned EMS professional, a new provider, or simply passionate about the history and future of prehospital care, this episode is packed with valuable insights and inspiration. About Dr. Paul Pepe Dr. Paul Pepe is renowned for his pioneering work in EMS systems development, resuscitation science, and disaster response. With a career dedicated to improving patient outcomes through innovation and collaboration, Dr. Pepe remains a cornerstone of EMS advancement worldwide.

Hennepin EMS in Minnesota is breaking new ground in prehospital care with the introduction of a clinical pharmacist consulting role, designed to tackle complex challenges and foster collaboration between paramedics and pharmacists through hands-on support and cutting-edge research. The clinical pharmacist acts as a bridge between hospital and field operations, ensuring prehospital teams have the support they need to improve patient outcomes. A critical part of the pharmacist's responsibilities includes hands-on engagement. From participating in ambulance ride-alongs to hosting open-door consultations, this role prioritizes practical and actionable solutions. At the heart of this initiative is Holly Drone, PharmD, Hennepin EMS's clinical pharmacist. Not only has Holly been integral to placing this program into action, but she's also contributing to the field through her research. Her studies focus on essential topics such as Sodium Nitrate Overdose management, the initiation of Buprenorphine in prehospital settings, and the use of Oral Risperidone by EMS providers in the field. To learn more about this innovative role and hear directly about her experiences and research, check out her recent interview on the podcast “EMS Research with Professor Bram.” Holly provides unique insights into the evolving relationship between paramedics and pharmacists as well as the critical role clinical pharmacy plays in improving prehospital care.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Dr. Michael J. Carr about how telemedicine is saving lives in Georgia. Carr, the executive director of Prehospital & Ambulatory Virtual Emergency Services (PAVES) at Emory University, says patients in rural counties now have access to doctors and specialists even before they reach the hospital.

Join hosts Bradley Dean and David Blevins as they sit down with Dr. David Tan to explore the evolving role of medical direction in EMS. Together, they dive deep into the challenges and opportunities shaping EMS systems and the clinicians who drive them forward.

Dan Burke, EMS safety director for the Center for Patient Safety (CPS), joins the podcast to discuss CPS. We discuss the mission of the CPS and how it's grown in the last 25 years. We also discuss the benefits of joining the CPS and how EMS agencies become better focused on patient safety. Finally, we discuss his time as state EMS director for the District of Columbia and the challenges, and benefits, of guiding EMS in our nation's capital. 

In this episode of The EMS Handoff Podcast, host Bradley Dean welcomes Janet Taylor, a seasoned flight nurse, educator and national EMS speaker, to discuss the seismic shifts in EMS education brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Together, they explore what it means to be a “COVID provider,” the challenges of addressing knowledge gaps in the post-pandemic era, and the importance of going the extra mile to ensure the success of EMS professionals in a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. With her extensive background in nursing, flight medicine, and education, Janet shares her insights into how educators and providers can adapt and thrive, even in the face of unprecedented challenges. From innovative teaching strategies to practical advice for today's EMS providers, this episode is a must-listen for anyone involved in EMS education or practice. Key Topics Covered in This Episode The COVID-19 Impact on EMS Education: How the pandemic changed the way we teach and learn in EMS. Understanding the “COVID Provider” Phenomenon: What defines a provider trained during the pandemic era, and what unique challenges do they face? Addressing Knowledge Gaps: Practical strategies for bridging gaps caused by disrupted training and clinical experience during the pandemic. Going the Extra Mile: Why resilience, creativity, and commitment are more critical than ever for EMS providers and educators. The Role of Technology in EMS Education: Exploring innovative tools and methods that emerged during the pandemic and their lasting impact on training programs.

Infection Control Consultant Katherine West explains why Marburg Virus is not as worrisome as some recent media headlines suggest. Watch the presentation on JEMS.

Author, speaker and educator Mongo Allen shares lessons from life with Eric Chase.

Chief Douglas Randell reviews the 2024 legal issues in EMS with Attorney Douglas Wolfberg.

When every second counts in a medical emergency like a stroke, deciding on the right course of treatment can be life-changing. Strokes come in two main types—ischemic and hemorrhagic—each requiring very different treatment approaches. But what if a critical intervention, like lowering blood pressure, could be started right there in the ambulance? Could it improve outcomes for stroke patients before they even reach the hospital? These are some of the pressing questions tackled in the latest episode of EMS Research with Professor Bram. This discussion explores the complexities of early care for stroke patients and the role prehospital blood pressure management might play in recovery. Paramedic Mic Gunderson and Neurologist David Rose offer a specialist's perspective on stroke care. Together, they dissect groundbreaking research and share practical strategies that could transform how strokes are treated in the field.

Battalion Chief (Ret.) Tom Yahnke joins the podcast to discuss peer support teams. We discuss the importance of peer support teams, the difference between peer support and EAP, and what makes a good peer support team member. We also discuss the life-altering incident he experienced on a fire and how peer support, if available at that time, may have helped him avoid some of the problems he encountered trying to deal with that incident.

Eric Chase and Brett Lyle have a conversation to help us prepare our minds for the New Year. Let's share positive, contagious growth and development with accountability.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with T. Ryan Mayfield and Andrew Pearson of Hennepin EMS on how the agency is addressing its staffing shortage and empowering its education program. Listen to Part 1 here.

You are dispatched to a pedestrian struck approximately seven blocks away at an off the beaten path intersection. You hop in the rig look over to your partner and voice your satisfaction with tonight‘s dinner choice. They nod in agreement and also highlight the fact you both were able to finish uninterrupted. It's an uneventful response and you arrive on scene to find what appears to be a male lying in the roadway. There is a minivan next to the patient with the headlights shining over where they're lying. You see the patient moving their arms and legs ever so slightly and a group of people around them trying to talk to him. Read the full article on EMS Airway.

EMS P.O.D. host Doug Randell discusses the EMS Commission in Indiana, the gubernatorial-appointed group that advises EMS on issues that affect EMS in the State of Indiana. 

In late September of this year, Hurricane Helene struck the mountains of Western North Carolina, bringing devastating flooding, mudslides and damage to the area. Host John Sammons is joined by Paramedic Garry Pomerleau to talk about his experience during and after the storm as not only a responder, but a resident of the area. You can read his article in JEMS as well.

After six doses of epinephrine, it may be too late for the CPR patient. Emergency physicians Dr. Zachary Boivin and Dr. Trent She, both from Connecticut, discussed their recent study entitled "Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest: Identifying a Potential Limit for Resuscitation."1 This research sought to determine if there is a ceiling to the effective use of Epinephrine during resuscitation. Peter Antevy, MD, who created the Handtevy System, a software-based pediatric resuscitation method and bag system is also an EMS Physician for Palm Beach County (FL) Fire Rescue and he made a post on LinkedIn advocating for abolishing Epinephrine in shockable rhythm protocols. He posts about how his protocol does not follow standard AHA guidelines at Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and their plan for ventricular fibrillation is to use esmolol, but no Epinephrine. References Boivin, Z., Duignan, K. M., Doko, D., Pugliese, N., & She, T. (2023). Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest: Identifying a Potential Limit for Resuscitation. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(6), 1025.

It appears that Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers – Lassa Fever, Ebola and Marburg virus are getting all the press. However, Pertussis (whooping cough) is an area that needs focus. The cases for 2024 are at least four-times higher than in 2023, and many departments have not offered the required Tdap booster to protect healthcare personnel. An additional dose of Tdap was first recommended in 2005 and then again in 2011. Pertussis is not on the radar, and we need to ensure that healthcare providers are protected. This session addresses vaccine, personal protective equipment and post-exposure medical follow up.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Global Medical Response's Natalie Jobst about training veterans for EMS careers.

Every month, North American Rescue (NAR) hosts a unique event called "Coffee with Veterans and First Responders." This initiative, now in its fifth year, offers a valuable space for local heroes to connect, network and discover new career opportunities. Led by Anna Harris, a veteran and the director of Human Chemistry and Talent at NAR, Coffee with Veterans aims to bridge the gap between veterans and first responders and the civilian job market. With many NAR team members hailing from military and first responder backgrounds, this program is a personal passion for the company.

Brian Paul, president of Veterans for Life USA, shares his story of addiction, suicidality and how he now serves with hope and understanding through inspiration.

Susan Bailey, director of the Louisiana Bureau of Emergency Medical Services and president of the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT) joins the podcast to discuss the association's role in EMS. We discuss what got her involved in the association and how she ascended to the position of president. We discuss the benefits of being part of the association, the association's advocacy efforts at the federal level, and reimbursement issues for EMS. We also discuss being the director of EMS in a state prone to hurricanes.

Hosts: Bradley Dean and David Blevins Guest: Joe Slattery, BS Homeland Security & Emergency Management, Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator (CHSE), Certified Healthcare Simulation Operations Specialist (CHSOS) Overview: In this episode of the EMS Handoff Podcast, Bradley and David welcome Joe Slattery, a dual-certified healthcare simulation expert with over 30 years of experience in EMS. Joe's extensive background and passion for EMS education, specifically in simulation, shine as he shares insights into his work developing state-of-the-art simulation labs and curriculum for multiple hospitals and residency programs across southeast Florida. His projects aim to elevate EMS education by integrating hands-on, realistic scenarios that build critical thinking and clinical skills for healthcare providers. Key Takeaways Joe's Background in Simulation and EMS Education Joe discusses his journey in EMS and simulation-based education, including his academic background in Homeland Security and Emergency Management. He holds dual certifications as a Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator (CHSE) and a Certified Healthcare Simulation Operations Specialist (CHSOS). He has dedicated his career to advancing EMS training and has presented at leading EMS and simulation conferences, including the International Meeting on Simulation in Healthcare (IMSH). Designing Effective Simulation Scenarios Joe dives into the nuances of creating successful simulation scenarios, emphasizing how scenario design can either build or inhibit a learner's critical thinking. He advocates for a thoughtful approach to setting learning objectives and aligning them closely with scenario details to prevent distractions or misdirected focus. Safety in Healthcare Simulation: A Simple Scenario Joe shares a scenario he uses in his “Safety in Healthcare Simulation” lecture: Objective: Assemble a nebulizer and administer 2.5 mg of Albuterol Sulfate. Scenario Components: Using a manikin, a nebulizer, saline solution as a substitute for albuterol, and an oxygen source delivering 6-8 LPM. Patient Presentation: The manikin should have signs like wheezing, rhonchi, a history of asthma, or possible pneumonia. However, rales/crackles and peripheral edema are intentionally excluded as they would mislead the learner regarding the appropriateness of albuterol. Importance of Testing Scenarios Before Implementation Joe explains how testing scenarios can prevent potential pitfalls by ensuring they meet educational objectives without introducing misleading elements. He illustrates that adding symptoms like rales or peripheral edema would alter the scenario's purpose, forcing learners into unnecessary critical thinking exercises outside the intended scope. This testing step is crucial to ensure the simulation accurately reflects real-life decision-making. Practical Advice for EMS Educators Joe offers practical tips for EMS educators looking to incorporate simulation in their teaching. From setting clear objectives to aligning simulation elements with real-world scenarios, he highlights how educators can provide safe yet challenging learning environments. Connect with Joe Slattery Joe shares his passion for teaching and simulation and discusses upcoming projects where he is expanding simulation training in hospitals and residency programs. His expertise is shaping the next generation of EMS professionals, bringing essential skills to the forefront of healthcare education. Tune In To Learn Best practices for simulation-based EMS education. How to craft scenarios that support—and not confuse—learning objectives. Real-world applications of simulation in healthcare for better patient outcomes. Whether you're an EMS educator, a simulation enthusiast, or an EMS provider looking to refine your skills, this episode provides valuable insights into making simulations impactful, relevant, and effective for learners.

By Bram Duffee, PhD, EMT-P Qualitative research often remains a mystery to those in medicine who are accustomed to the clear-cut, numerical results of quantitative studies. Yet, when it comes to understanding complex, human-centric issues, qualitative research is indispensable. Take the COVID-19 pandemic, for example—an event where numbers alone cannot fully capture the profound human experiences involved. Unlike quantitative research, which answers yes or no questions or delivers numerical data, qualitative methods delve deeper into the human elements of a topic. One powerful approach is conducting interviews, especially when the interviewer shares a cultural or professional background with the participants as an insider to the community. This method promotes openness and authentic disclosure, as demonstrated in two studies exploring the experiences of paramedics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent episode of "EMS Research with Professor Bram" a spotlight was cast on these insights.1 Paramedic researcher Nigel Barr, PhD, RN, RP, from Australia shared his research study where they interviewed Australian paramedics about the challenges and facilitators they faced while responding to COVID-19 cases. His research uncovered themes that included communication, fear and risk, leadership, protective work factors, and change. Intriguingly, some paramedics reported a reduced perception of risk and heightened empathy for COVID-19 patients after personally contracting the virus themselves.2 Highlighting the significance of qualitative research, Dr. Barr remarks, "Numbers work well for testing theories, but when it comes to generating new ones, the hard work of interviews, coding and theming is essential." Parallel to this, as a paramedic researcher myself, I was conducting a similar study in the United States, interviewing American paramedics. This research was different because it sought to understand how treatment of respiratory patients shifted when looking at the time before covid versus during the pandemic. Findings of this study showed that paramedics had a tendency to over-categorize all respiratory patients as COVID-positive. Also, participants noted changes in practice, such as reduced use of stethoscopes and avoidance of nebulized treatments in confined spaces due to transmission fears.3 These qualitative studies offer insights that mere data cannot, underscoring the need for paramedics to engage in research that directly impacts their field. “We should be trying to support the capacity of paramedics to do research. We should have the control over our own discipline ... Because if we take research from another discipline, another area, another setting, it is always going to be a square peg round hole. We have to test those outcomes in our own environment. We have to find out what works. What doesn't work,” says Dr. Barr. Research studies involving paramedics in both Australia and the United States demonstrate the unique benefits of qualitative research through interviews. By employing paramedic researchers to engage directly with their peers on topics that deeply impact them, these studies reveal the nuanced understanding that only rich, narrative-driven descriptions can provide. Qualitative interviews shed light on the human side of medical practice, revealing details and challenges that numbers alone might miss. These interviews help us understand the deeper aspects of healthcare, offering insights that go beyond traditional numbers. References https://youtu.be/_lBTF-8x7p4 Howarth, U., Zimmerman, P. A., van de Mortel, T. F., & Barr, N. (2024). Paramedics' experiences of barriers to, and enablers of, responding to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 678. Duffee, B. (2023). COVID-19 and paramedic response: Overcategorization concerns in respiratory patients. Journal of Paramedicine and Emergency Response. Available online https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/P20210804002-N202311070009-00029

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Operative IQ President / CEO EJ Aufderheide. Operative IQ is committed to serving first response industries with controlled substance tracking, RFID solutions and Operative IQ Front Line to address the need for faster and better answers for managing operational readiness.

JEMS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ted Lee speaks with Kerry Degen and Jill McCafferty of Hennepin EMS. Through it's paramedic program, Hennepin has grown its system.