Podcasts about N95

Our friend Sam Fragoso returns to How Long Gone. He hosts the popular podcast Talk Easy, which recently celebrated its 10th anniversary after being acquired by Obama's Higher Ground. We chat with him about cashew cream cheese, the White House UFC Freedom 250, Jason thinking Arlo Parks was four British guys, fitness wearable data monitoring, whether Sam gets recognized more with or without an N95 on, David Mamet walking out mid-pod, whether he's ever interviewed a politician who felt like a real human being, what happens when Terry Gross asks him to fill in on Fresh Air, and we debate whether there was ever a time when the food at the Chateau Marmont was considered good. instagram.com/samfragoso twitter.com/donetodeath twitter.com/themjeans howlonggone.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Josh's guests: Colette D. Sinclair - author, Emotional Posture Stop handling your emotions, start leading from them Elizabeth Mumper, M.D. - author, Kids And Covid Doctors treating patients warned of the dangers of hospital protocols, including giving REMDESIVIR with its high rate of Kidney damage and omitting appropriate doses of short term steroids. These scientists and clinicians were gaslighted and accused of spreading "misinformation" Bill Taubner - president, Bona Fide Masks Learn about the masks that protect you and your family the best. The N95 and KN95 masks used by the United States military and members of the US House and Senate find us at: www.HeresToYourHealthWithJoshuaLane.com  

Welcome to the #ShareYourHotness Podcast episode 182! Born in California, adopted at 3 days old, and raised in Utah, Wyoming & Idaho. General Manager at Alex D. Delivery and 2025 Trucking's Frontline Hero, Landon Cheatham, organized a donation drive and personally delivered seven truckloads of aid (including over a million N95 masks) worth well over $2 million for LA wildfire victims, delivered to groups like the Community Solidarity Project. Leta Greene has been a professional speaker since 2010, speaking on confidence, resilience, and the Hotness Factor. She is the author of two best-selling books and host of the Share Your Hotness podcast. 

What happens when a sharp-eyed cruise ship doctor spots a hantavirus amid a sea of hangovers and flu symptoms? In this high-stakes episode of the Prolonged Field Care Podcast, Dennis sits down with Dr. Ryan Maves — combat-experienced infectious disease expert and military medicine veteran — to break down the shocking recent Andes virus outbreak.Far from the next global pandemic, hantaviruses are a real, rodent-borne threat that has hit soldiers before (Korean War, anyone?) and can strike deployed units in austere environments. Ryan delivers hard-hitting insights on rapid diagnosis, the “off-script” decompensation that screams hantavirus, supportive care when there's no magic antiviral, and — most importantly — prevention strategies that actually work in the field.If you operate in rodent-infested buildings, set up in abandoned structures, or just want to trust your gut when a patient goes south fast, this episode is required listening. Real talk from the A-team who are currently managing these patients stateside.Key TakeawaysClassic presentation: Flu-like prodrome (fever, fatigue, myalgias, GI upset) for a few days followed by sudden shock, respiratory failure, and decompensation.Bedside diagnostic gold: Thrombocytopenia (low platelets) + hemoconcentration (elevated hematocrit) in a previously healthy patient = major red flag.Treatment reality: Purely supportive — fluids, pressors, oxygen, renal support. No silver-bullet antiviral; ribavirin has limited data at best.Prevention beats everything: Humans are dead-end hosts. Avoid aerosolizing rodent urine/feces/droppings (no dry sweeping!). Use bleach, N95 (or equivalent), gloves, and gown.Human-to-human spread: Extremely rare except with Andes virus (this outbreak strain). Still, treat unknowns with respect.Military relevance: Endemic in deployment zones worldwide; occupying previously rat-infested buildings is a classic risk. History tied directly to U.S. troops in Korea.Mindset: When things go “off script,” trust your clinical instincts over machines. The best tool in the field is still an experienced medic's gut.Chapters00:00 – Welcome back to the PFC Podcast00:26 – Introducing Dr. Ryan Maves & the cruise ship outbreak00:55 – Why this isn't the next pandemic… but still matters03:04 – Military relevance: hantaviruses in deployment zones03:51 – How the cruise ship doc nailed the diagnosis05:27 – Clinical syndrome & the “virus-y” prodrome07:04 – Key labs: thrombocytopenia + hemoconcentration explained09:42 – Disease progression and why young healthy people can still crash10:50 – History of hantaviruses (Korean War → Sin Nombre → Andes)12:21 – Who actually dies and why14:50 – Biocontainment units and the military experts on the case17:35 – Treatment in the field: supportive care only19:35 – Shock management: distributive + capillary leak20:55 – Prevention is king: rodent control & PPE tactics24:22 – Human-to-human transmission (Andes virus exception)27:31 – Infection control, differential diagnosis, and real-world precautions30:08 – Final thoughts: clinical acumen, zoonoses, and trusting your instincts32:32 – Closing & where to find more PFC contentGrab your N95 and hit playFor more content, go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.prolongedfieldcare.org⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Consider supporting us: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/ProlongedFieldCareCollective⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.lobocoffeeco.com/product-page/prolonged-field-care⁠

COLETTE D. SINCLAIR, author, EMOTIONAL POSTURE stop handling your emotions, start leading from them ELIZABETH MUMPER, M.D. , author, KIDS AND COVID Doctors treating patients warned of the dangers of hospital protocols, including giving REMDESIVIR with its high rate of Kidney damage and omitting appropriate doses of short term steroids.  These scientists and clinicians were gaslighted and accused of spreading "misinformation" BILL TAUBNER, president, BONA FIDE MASKS learn about the masks that protect you and your family the best the N95 and KN95 masks used by the United States military and members of the US House and Senate

In Kim on a Whim, Kim St. Onge and Marc Cox unload on growing media hysteria surrounding hantavirus after viral videos promoted constant mask-wearing and respirator use over fears tied to rat-borne illness outbreaks. Kim mocks a blue-haired TikTok creator advocating N95 masks with built-in “sip valves” while warning listeners not to fall for what she sees as another fear-driven public health narrative reminiscent of COVID-era panic. The segment breaks down reports tied to cruise ship cases and the death investigation involving Gene Hackman's wife, while emphasizing that hantavirus infections remain extremely rare despite alarming headlines about “Level 3 emergency responses.” Marc and Kim criticize media outlets for sensationalizing isolated cases, joke about figures like Sam Page and Anthony Fauci reviving lockdown-style messaging, and argue the public is being manipulated into paranoia despite the World Health Organization describing overall risk as low. The segment closes with Marc ridiculing individuals still masking alone outdoors years after the pandemic and comparing long-term mask devotees to isolated WWII soldiers who never realized the war had ended. Hashtags: #KimOnAWhim #Hantavirus #COVID19 #Masks #MediaPanic #WHO #AnthonyFauci #SamPage #GeneHackman #PublicHealth #TikTok #N95 #FearCampaign #MarkCoxMorningShow

SINA McCULLOUGH, PhD  author  HANDS OFF MY FOOD!How to Defend Your Food, Health and FreedomBILL TAUBNER, founder, BONA FIDE MASKS  a division of Ball Chain Manufacturingselling KN95 &N95 masks to protect against airborne pollution and infectious illness. The Bona Fide Masks are used by the US Armed Forces and the US CongressJEFFREY BARKE, M.D.  author, UNAVOIDABLY UNSAFEWhat changes are needed in the Vaccine Industry?   What is an anti-vaxxer?

FLAGSTAFF BOUND is BACK for 2026!Become a Distance to Empty subscriber!: https://www.patreon.com/DistancetoEmptyPod Get some free DTE Swag by supporting out sponsors!Check out Mount to Coast here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://mounttocoast.com/discount/Distance⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Use code DISTANCE at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Janji.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and be sure to select 'podcast' > 'Distance to Empty' on the post purchase "How did you hear about Janji" page. Thank you!He swept the entire 200-mile Triple Crown in 2025 — Tahoe 200, Bigfoot 200, and Moab 240 — winning all three in dominant fashion. He may also be the only person in Cocodona history whose biggest obstacle isn't the course, the competition, or the sleep deprivation. It's Arizona plants.In this episode of Flagstaff Bound, Kevin and Peter sit down with Kilian Korth, who opens up about something he's never fully talked through publicly: two Cocodona DNFs caused by a severe allergic reaction that sent him to the ICU after 2023 and forced him off the course in 2024. He's been getting allergy shots. He has a new medication plan. He may or may not be wearing an N95 mask through the section outside Jerome. He is coming for the win anyway.Kilian talks about what actually changed in 2025 — the aid station efficiency, the nutrition overhaul, the shift away from low-carb racing — and what it felt like to go from someone who DNF'd more 200s than he finished to the best 200-mile season anyone has put together in recent memory. He talks about the creatine sleep deprivation experiment he's planning for race nights, what excites him about the depth of this year's field, and why the pacerless final stretch from the last aid station to the finish is the part of Cocodona he is most looking forward to.He also reveals a semi-secret Mount to Coast shoe that has not yet been released. Cocodona 250 kicks off Monday, May 4th at 5 AM Pacific. Follow the action live on the Mountain Outpost YouTube channel.

In the most recent podcast, AGD Podcast host George Schmidt, DMD, FAGD, talks with John A. Molinari, PhD, a renowned infection control authority and professor emeritus at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry. In this episode, Molinari discusses the latest developments shaping infection control in dental practice. Molinari shared updates on regulations, emphasizing the importance of respiratory precautions and the use of N95 masks. He highlighted the dental profession's rapid response to COVID-19 and discussed emerging infectious diseases, such as bird flu and hepatitis C. The conversation also covered the importance of water line management in dental units and the need for extra precautions when treating immune-compromised patients. Packed with timely insights and real-world guidance, this episode is a must-listen for dental professionals committed to maintaining the highest standards of safety and care.

09.00 แพทย์จุฬาวิจัยฝุ่นเมืองหลวง พบโลหะหนักก่อมะเร็ง 8 ชนิด เสี่ยงมะเร็งสูงกว่าเกณฑ์สหรัฐฯ 4 เท่า แนะอยู่บ้านเปิดเครื่องฟอกอากาศ สวมหน้ากาก N95 ป้องกันฝุ่นเข้าสู่ระบบทางเดินหายใจ

Cara Munnis was wearing an N95 mask while taking care of her daughter with norovirus all night because she had a critical meeting the next day and "I cannot get this thing." She showed up, ran the meeting, and afterward couldn't tell if anyone noticed she was operating on "one brain cell processing everything." Welcome to being a Chief Product Officer and a mom. Here's what most people don't know about the CPO role: it has the shortest tenure of any C-suite position—less than half that of other executives. You're supposed to be "Switzerland," the neutral party among competing stakeholders. But you're constantly telling your C-suite peers—very kindly—why their ideas are going to sink or swim. The real transformation wasn't navigating those politics. It was what happened when Cara's daughter was born seven years ago. "For someone who's led massive technology transformations multiple times, it's very ironic how hard this transition was for me." The evening checkboxes—that sacred 5-8pm window where she prepared for the next day—vanished instantly. It took five years to build a new operating system where she hired without compromise and delegated with her eyes closed. In this conversation, Cara explains why she's "obsessed" with finding the economic denominator, why Conway's Law means your product will mirror your org structure, and why staying close to technology was the best career advice she ever got. After describing her relentless discipline and surgical precision, she deadpans: "I haven't been fired yet, so I dunno, I guess it's okay." This is a masterclass in product leadership that scales, parenting that doesn't apologize, and ruthless prioritization when you're scraping for minutes in your day. Key Takeaways: How to choose the right ladder to climb—make career decisions based on intentionality, not just opportunity or speed How to turn constraints into leadership advantages—use the pressure of working parenthood to force yourself to hire without compromise and delegate with confidence How to stay close to technology in any role—even as a non-technical leader, understanding architecture helps you defend budgets, win deals, and articulate competitive advantages How to shift your communication style as you move into executive roles—listen more, ask questions even when you know the answer, and bring others along instead of leading with your opinion How to design org structures that create better products—use Conway's Law (products mirror internal communication structures) to intentionally build teams that will produce the outcomes you want About the Guest: Cara Munnis is Chief Product Officer at Care Lumen and Operating Partner at Newfire Global Partners, bringing over 15 years of healthcare technology product leadership to organizations navigating the intersection of clinical outcomes and business results. She spent six years at Amwell advancing from Senior Director to VP of Product Management, previously served as Head of Product for Digital Health at Blue Shield of California, and held leadership roles at Iora Health and Best Doctors. With a pre-med degree from College of the Holy Cross and an MBA from Bentley University, Cara is Pragmatic Marketing Certified – Level III and known for her ability to balance strategic product vision with rigorous execution while fostering collaborative team environments. Chapters [Placeholder for Chapters] Guest & Host Links Connect with Laurie McGraw on LinkedIn Connect with Cara Munnis on LinkedIn Connect with Inspiring Women Browse Episodes | LinkedIn | Instagram | Apple | Spotify

In this episode of Let's Get It Straight, infection control consultant and host Katherine West tackles the growing challenge of accessing dependable scientific guidance amid shifting government support and archived resources. With traditional CDC documents and expert advisory groups diminished or disbanded, she unpacks how critical recommendations—such as those comparing N95 respirators to surgical masks—are formed using evidence review methods like CHARM and GRADE. Katherine highlights key differences in medical versus EMS settings that affect mask use and safety protocols, and she points to regional alliances stepping up to fill guidance voids. Emphasizing the importance of verifying sources and cross-checking studies before accepting health data, this session arms healthcare professionals with the tools to sift through conflicting info and make informed decisions.

Send us a textA father that gives birth, a horse that says “no,” and an ER doctor who wants to keep you out of the hospital—this episode brings science and everyday choices into sharp focus. We start with a mind-bending dive into seahorses, where males carry the pregnancy and build a placenta-like environment from skin. New research shows familiar pregnancy genes at work inside the brood pouch, but with an unexpected hormonal switch: androgens, not estrogens, drive gestation. It's evolution repurposing its toolkit—and a powerful reminder that sex roles in nature are more flexible than we think.From there, we move into animal-assisted therapy and the role of consent in touch. A new study comparing dogs and horses found that forced interactions with horses raised heart rate and lowered HRV, signaling more stress, while choice calmed people down. Dogs showed no significant difference between conditions, suggesting human perception and species-specific behavior shape outcomes. If you run therapy programs, the insight is simple and humane: build animal choice into sessions, especially with horses, and track long-term welfare alongside human benefits.Then ER physician Dr. Shazma Mithani joins us to turn insight into prevention. We talk helmets for anything on wheels or snow, why e‑scooters drive more severe injuries per use than bikes, and how regular checkups and screening prevent emergencies before they start. We break down wildfire smoke—how particulates inflame lungs and harm the heart and brain—plus when to wear a well-fitted N95 outside and how to upgrade home air with MERV 11–13 filters or HEPA purifiers. Finally, we tackle measles: an airborne virus that lingers for hours, demands 95% vaccination for herd immunity, and is best stopped with two doses of MMR. Unsure where to get trusted answers? Talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or public health nurse, and lean on credible sources rather than influencers.If this helped you think differently about biology, safety, or public health, tap follow, share it with a friend, and leave a review with your biggest takeaway—we'll feature our favorites next week.Dr. Shazma Mithani's links:Her websiteHer PodcastInstagramOur links!Support the showFor Science, Empathy, and Cuteness!Being Kind is a Superpower. All our social links are here!

In this powerful episode of The Gritty Nurse Podcast, host Amie Archibald-Varley sits down with researcher Fatima Sheikh, a PhD candidate at McMaster University, to unpack the urgent crisis of sepsis. This conversation goes beyond the bedside, focusing on the social and structural determinants of health that fuel sepsis prevalence and worsen patient outcomes. Fatima argues for recognizing sepsis as a critical public health issue that begins in the community, not the hospital. Key topics discussed: The need for a national action plan to address policy gaps in sepsis care and prevention. The critical significance of equity in research and clinical practice. The role of community engagement in early recognition and prevention. The potential—and pitfalls—of using AI in sepsis diagnosis and management. This is a crucial listen for nurses, public health professionals, policymakers, and anyone concerned with health justice. Learn why treating sepsis as a medical emergency is essential and what structural changes are needed to save lives. More about Fatima: Fatima Sheikh (She/Her) is a PhD Candidate at McMaster University and a Health Equity Specialist at Hamilton Health Sciences. Her research focuses onunderstanding how social determinants of health influence both the incidence and outcomes of critical illnesses. She also explores how these determinants shape healthcare delivery, with the goal of informing equitable health policies, responsible evidence use, and inclusive care practices. Fatima's academic foundation includes a master's thesis centered on equity, diversity, and inclusion, in which she investigated how gender and ethnicity affect N95 respirator fit among a diverse group of Canadian healthcare workers. At the core of Fatima's work is a commitment to understanding how social and structural factors shape health and disease, their systemic implications, and the power of cross-sector collaboration to drive meaningful change. Listen now to learn why talking about death is the key to a better life. Where to Listen / Watch to THE GRITTY NURSE * Listen on Apple Podcasts – : The Gritty Nurse Podcast on Apple Apple Podcasts  https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-gritty-nurse/id1493290782 * Watch on YouTube –  https://www.youtube.com/@thegrittynursepodcast Stay Connected: Website: grittynurse.com Instagram: @grittynursepod TikTok: @thegrittynursepodcast X (Twitter): @GrittyNurse Collaborations & Inquiries: For sponsorship opportunities or to book Amie for speaking engagements, visit: grittynurse.com/contact Thank you to Hospital News for being a collaborative partner with the Gritty Nurse! www.hospitalnews.com   

What happens when an emergency medicine physician knows that the N95 mask she's wearing every day during the COVID-19 pandemic was invented by her great-grandfather over a century ago? Dr. Shan Liu joins me for a conversation that weaves together family legacy, innovation from the margins, and the power of storytelling to fight racism. Shan is an emergency medicine physician at Mass General Hospital, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School, and a children's book author. Her award-winning book, Masked Hero: How Wu Lien-teh Invented the Mask That Ended an Epidemic, tells the remarkable story of her great-grandfather who created the first respiratory mask during the 1910 Manchurian plague outbreak. Wu Lien-teh was the first Chinese Malaysian to study medicine at Cambridge, faced relentless racism throughout his career, and became the first Chinese person nominated for a Nobel Prize in medicine. Website: shanwuliu.com If you enjoy the show, please leave a ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ rating on Apple or a

In today's episode, I'm continuing what I started in episode 536 - where I wanted to turn a Rocketeer figurine that I found on eBay in to an articulated action figure.  But in the episode, the silicone I had gotten turned out to be bad, so I had to get some more in order to make a mold.  In the past two weeks, I bought a new kind of silicone (Smooth On Mold Star 30) as well as a new kind of resin to try (Smooth Cast 57D).  I was successful in making molds of the parts of the figurine.  It wasn't the most efficient use of silicone, I will say, since I probably could have found containers that were a bit smaller and wasted less, but if I don't use these molds in the future, I'll chop them up and use them as filler when making future molds.  Here are the two pieces:This is the lower body mold.This mess is the upper body mold; you may be able to see both sides of the figurine in relief on ether side.This is what it looks like when you are taking the casting out.  You can see here (my first attempt) that one arm didn't quite fill.  That happens sometimes if you don't quite have the air vents in the right places.Pictures at https://13thhr.wordpress.com/2025/12/01/the-thirteenth-hour-podcast-538-and-like-a-hood-ornament-84-continuing-a-rocketeer-resin-casting-project-making-the-prototype/⁠I was also curious to see if the resin I was using could be heated up with a heat gun to further bend the pieces.  Yes, the resin did get soft, but it ended up just breaking.  I did use a woodcarving tool to cut the limbs up further (never a bad idea to wear some eye protection and a N95 or equivalent mask when dealing with hot plastic) and then used epoxy resin (what I normally use to add details on custom figures) to meld the limbs back together in a new position.Here, I have the parts of the figure with newly formed arms and legs next to the original:I just need to clean up the dried epoxy resin, probably with a Dremel, and then figure out how to make joint pegs for the limbs and neck.  Then, I'll make one last mold of all the parts - 4 limbs, torso, head, and rocketpack so I can make resin copies of all the pieces.  That's what's to come in the next few weeks.If you haven't heard them yet, check out the conversations with Andy Last of the Beyond Synth podcast and Richie Billing, author of Together We Rise. Check out my interview on the Planet Texas Podcast, where we touch on toymaking - find it on Youtube.   Thanks, Javier, for having me on!I was also on Let's Talk Media with Vedant Akhauri for another fun conversation.  Check out the episode on Spotify.  Thanks, Vedant, for having me on!∞∞∞∞∞∞∞Once Upon a Dream, the second Thirteenth Hour soundtrack, is now out in digital form and on CD!   It is out on most major streaming services such as Bandcamp, Spotify, and YouTube Music.  (If you have no preference, I recommend Bandcamp since there is a bonus track there and you will eventually be able to find tapes and special editions of the album there as well.)  The CDs are out now!-Check out the pixelart music videos that are out so far from the album:-->Logan's Sunrise Workout: www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7SM1RgsLiM-->Forward: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9VgILr1TDc-->Nightsky Stargazing: www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S0p3jKRTBo-->Aurora's Rainy Day Mix: https://youtu.be/zwqPmypBysk∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞ Signup for the mailing list for a free special edition podcast, a demo copy of The Thirteenth Hour, and access to retro 80s soundtrack!Like what you see or hear? Consider supporting the show over at Thirteenth Hour Arts on Patreon or adding to my virtual tip jar over at Ko-fi.

When the 1952 London fog killed people in large numbers, it became a wake-up call that air pollution could be deadly—inspiring a young medical student named Jon Samet to dedicate 40+ years to understanding how the air we breathe affects our health. Now a leading authority who has shaped EPA policy and US Surgeon General reports since 1984, Dr. Samet reveals how tobacco industry fraud tactics resurfaced in air pollution debates, why COVID taught us that we humans are powerful infectious sources in small particles suspended for hours, how radon is the one carcinogen you can measure yourself for $30-50 and actually fix, and why MERV-A filter ratings matter more than standard MERV for real-world efficiency.Plus the critical reminder that indoor spaces where we spend most of our time are places where we inhale dangerous things. THINGS WE SPOKE ABOUTTobacco industry fraud tactics mirror air pollution industry science denialCOVID taught us people are powerful infectious sources needing controlRadon is measurable carcinogen you can test and mitigate yourselfAir filtration reduces infectious load; MERV-A ratings show real-world efficiencyIndoor air quality improves productivity, reduces absenteeism, attracts talented employeesGUEST DETAILS Dr. Jon Samet is a leading authority in environmental health who has dedicated over 40 years to understanding how inhaled pollutants affect public health. Former Dean and current Professor of Epidemiology, Dr. Samet has chaired key advisory committees for the EPA (Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee) and FDA, fundamentally shaping environmental health policy. Since 1984, he has been a crucial contributor to multiple US Surgeon General reports on smoking, documenting the health impacts of active and secondhand smoke. His work exposed tobacco industry campaigns of fraud and deception that attempted to undermine scientific evidence—tactics later replicated by air pollution industries.During COVID, he chaired a National Academies of Sciences committee developing frameworks for providing respiratory protection for the nation—recommendations that unfortunately never gained traction despite demonstrating critical needs. Dr. Samet earned membership in the National Academy of Medicine and continues advancing indoor air quality science, particularly post-COVID focus on controlling pathogen transmission in buildings. Based in Denver, he consults with building owners, school districts, and policymakers on implementing evidence-based air quality improvements. His expertise bridges epidemiology, aerosol science, regulatory policy, and practical building management—making him uniquely qualified to translate decades of public health research into actionable indoor air quality strategies.MORE INFORMATIONThere is also a wealth of industry information on air quality and how to improve it on our website at camfil.comLet's Talk Clean Air is produced for Camfil by DustPod.ioQUOTESYou know, when people ask me about radon, it is a carcinogen, but somebody can go buy a test kit, get back a result. How many carcinogens are there that you could measure yourself and do something about it? - Dr. Jon SametAirborne pathogens have always been with us and will remain with us. I think what COVID did is it taught us just what powerful sources of infection we people can be - Dr. Jon SametA couple of nights ago, I got on the train, and there's somebody with a very wet cough, coughing right in the middle of a very small space. And I'm thinking he should be wearing at the least a mask to prevent droplets from flying around, and in that small space probably I should have had on an N95. - Dr. Jon SametKEYWORDS#indoorairquality #radontest ing #airbornepathogens #secondhandsmoke #respiratoryprotection

On this episode of the Chuck ToddCast, Chuck unpacks how Donald Trump's Department of Justice has become a political weapon, from targeting perceived enemies like James Comey to sweeping bribery cases under the rug, all while eroding public trust in law enforcement. He explores how Trump's strategy of framing his own criminal charges as political has worn down the public and set fire to the credibility of the legal system. Chuck also looks at the Democratic Party's internal strife over whether to embrace figures like Zohran Mamdani, the rising prospects of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and even murmurs of Lisa Murkowski eyeing a gubernatorial run. And beyond politics, he flags troubling signals in the economy—from surging Hamburger Helper sales to a slump in cardboard demand—that suggest things may not be as strong as the stock market makes them appear.Then, Dr. Michael Osterholm, one of the nation's foremost infectious disease experts, joins Chuck to confront the unsettling reality that Covid-19 was not “the big one.” From SARS and MERS as early warnings to the looming possibility of coronaviruses that are far more deadly than Covid, Osterholm argues that pandemics are inevitable—and the U.S. is dangerously unprepared. He discusses the political failures that prevented a serious after-action review, the collapse of government vaccine infrastructure, and why misinformation and anti-vaccine sentiment have left public health more vulnerable than ever.The conversation also looks forward: how mRNA technology could still be a game-changer, why developing respirators and updating building codes matter, and the urgent need for leadership with real bio-threat experience. Osterholm warns that everything from resurging childhood diseases to the rise of avian flu and the risk of bioterrorism are on the horizon, and he offers a sobering reminder—science is not fixed truth, it's the pursuit of truth. This episode is a wake-up call about what it will take to be ready for the next pandemic, which could be far worse than Covid-19.Finally, he answers listeners' questions in the “Ask Chuck” segment and previews an incredible weekend of sports. Got injured in an accident? You could be one click away from a claim worth millions. Just visit https://www.forthepeople.com/TODDCAST to start your claim now with Morgan & Morgan without leaving your couch. Remember, it's free unless you win!Timeline:(Timestamps may vary based on advertisements)00:00 Introduction04:00 Trump's DOJ targeting his perceived enemies05:15 Trump convinced his base that all his criminal charges were political06:45 Poor coordination by law enforcement allowed Trump to evade charges07:45 Trump fired attorney who wouldn't bring charges against enemies08:15 DOJ wants to charge James Comey with lying to congress10:00 Trump has telegraphed this prosecution13:15 Trump accused Biden DOJ of politicization, now his DOJ is overtly political14:00 Trump's DOJ swept Homan bribery under the rug15:00 Public trust in law enforcement is being destroyed16:30 Trump is wearing out the public17:30 Comey did his share of damage to the FBI's credibility18:30 We need a better system for staffing top law enforcement job19:45 Christopher Wray serving under Biden was good thing20:45 Trump is taking a blowtorch to the credibility of the legal system21:30 Mainstream Democrats are refusing to endorse Zohran Mamdani23:00 Kamala Harris gives tepid endorsement of Mamdani 25:15 Party either wants the Dem socialists in the coalition or they don't26:30 Fence sitting on Mamdani makes everybody mad28:00 Leadership can't have it both ways30:15 Democratic handwringing over Mamdani doesn't inspire confidence30:45 AOC may run for senate or the presidency31:45 AOC could win Chuck Schumer's seat33:15 Don't expect Chuck Schumer will run again34:15 Lisa Murkowski won't rule out gubernatorial run in 202636:45 Senators looking for options to get out of D.C.38:00 Sales of Hamburger Helper way up, warning sign for economy40:15 Cardboard box demand slumping, another warning sign41:15 Economy looks better than it is due to AI boost to stock market44:15 Dr. Michael Osterholm joins the Chuck ToddCast 45:30 Are American leaders ready for the next pandemic? 46:45 Covid wasn't "the big one" pandemic 47:45 SARS & MERS gave a warning about coronaviruses 48:45 Coronaviruses in the wild that are as infectious as covid but more deadly 49:30 Death rate of Covid was relatively low, could be much worse 51:00 Pandemics are inevitable, and could be much worse than covid 51:45 Politics didn't allow for an after action report on pandemic response 53:15 We'll never know if covid was from a lab or nature 54:45 We could have vaccines ready before pandemics begin, not doing the work 55:30 Did you write your book assuming a crank like Kennedy would run HHS? 56:00 Kennedy is the biggest challenge public health has faced in decades 56:45 Pandemics cause society to lose its collective mind 58:15 Anti vaxx anger came from people being angry about the pandemic 58:45 How do you prepare for a pandemic if the government isn't leading? 59:30 MRNA vaccines are easier to produce at scale 1:00:00 $500 million in funding cut for MRNA vaccines 1:01:00 CDC vaccine board is now completely dysfunctional 1:03:30 Where does medical research go without government backing? 1:04:00 PEPFAR was one of the best uses of American soft power 1:05:15 There's nobody in the White House with bio threat experience 1:06:00 Trump 1.0 had a credible pandemic response plan. 2.0 doesn't. 1:07:15 We will see diseases come back that we thought were gone 1:09:00 What preventative measures can be taken without the government? 1:09:45 Lockdowns don't work, surges of cases are inevitable 1:10:30 Lockdowns were over by June, impact was overstated 1:11:45 Lockdowns should only be based on hospital use/capacity 1:13:30 Don't do lockdowns, maximize medical care instead 1:14:45 Public misconception that vaccine would make people immune 1:15:45 News media needs to be better at messaging public health info 1:17:45 Risk to kids raised significantly with new covid variants 1:19:00 Updates to scientific info get labeled as "flip flopping" when it's normal 1:19:45 Science is not truth, it's the pursuit of truth 1:20:45 Kennedy now linking acetaminophen to autism 1:22:45 People dismiss health risks that fit their lifestyle, like drinking red wine 1:24:00 Half the country was anti-expert, now anti-expert's are in charge 1:25:45 BARDA was the envy of the world 1:27:15 What else should we be doing in preparation for the next "big" pandemic? 1:29:00 We need to develop a comfortable N95 respirator for the public 1:30:00 Updating building codes to help prevent respiratory virus transmission 1:32:30 MMR vaccine doesn't require a booster, likely confirms lifelong immunity 1:35:45 Theme parks in Orlando will pressure government over vaccine mandate 1:36:45 What's the status of H5N1 bird flu? 1:38:30 There will be another flu virus pandemic, we just don't know when 1:39:15 We're producing more poultry than ever, lots of opportunity for exposure 1:40:15 We should be vaccinating livestock and poultry 1:41:15 We're more vulnerable than ever to a bioterrorism attack1:43:45 Chuck's thoughts on the interview with Dr. Osterholm 1:44:15 Ask Chuck 1:44:30 Will Trump ever target podcasts the way he targets other media? 1:51:30 Comparing party platforms vs what they actually do while governing? 1:55:45 Why have Republican voters gone along with Trump's authoritarianism? 2:05:15 Weekend sports preview Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode of the Chuck ToddCast, Dr. Michael Osterholm, one of the nation's foremost infectious disease experts, joins Chuck to confront the unsettling reality that Covid-19 was not “the big one.” From SARS and MERS as early warnings to the looming possibility of coronaviruses that are far more deadly than Covid, Osterholm argues that pandemics are inevitable—and the U.S. is dangerously unprepared. He discusses the political failures that prevented a serious after-action review, the collapse of government vaccine infrastructure, and why misinformation and anti-vaccine sentiment have left public health more vulnerable than ever.The conversation also looks forward: how mRNA technology could still be a game-changer, why developing respirators and updating building codes matter, and the urgent need for leadership with real bio-threat experience. Osterholm warns that everything from resurging childhood diseases to the rise of avian flu and the risk of bioterrorism are on the horizon, and he offers a sobering reminder—science is not fixed truth, it's the pursuit of truth. This episode is a wake-up call about what it will take to be ready for the next pandemic, which could be far worse than Covid-19.Got injured in an accident? You could be one click away from a claim worth millions. Just visit https://www.forthepeople.com/TODDCAST to start your claim now with Morgan & Morgan without leaving your couch. Remember, it's free unless you win!Timeline:(Timestamps may vary based on advertisements)00:00 Dr. Michael Osterholm joins the Chuck ToddCast01:15 Are American leaders ready for the next pandemic?02:30 Covid wasn't “the big one” pandemic03:30 SARS & MERS gave a warning about coronaviruses04:30 Coronaviruses in the wild that are as infectious as covid but more deadly05:15 Death rate of Covid was relatively low, could be much worse06:45 Pandemics are inevitable, and could be much worse than covid07:30 Politics didn't allow for an after action report on pandemic response09:00 We'll never know if covid was from a lab or nature10:30 We could have vaccines ready before pandemics begin, not doing the work11:15 Did you write your book assuming a crank like Kennedy would run HHS?11:45 Kennedy is the biggest challenge public health has faced in decades12:30 Pandemics cause society to lose its collective mind14:00 Anti vaxx anger came from people being angry about the pandemic14:30 How do you prepare for a pandemic if the government isn't leading?15:15 MRNA vaccines are easier to produce at scale15:45 $500 million in funding cut for MRNA vaccines16:45 CDC vaccine board is now completely dysfunctional19:15 Where does medical research go without government backing?19:45 PEPFAR was one of the best uses of American soft power21:00 There's nobody in the White House with bio threat experience21:45 Trump 1.0 had a credible pandemic response plan. 2.0 doesn't.23:00 We will see diseases come back that we thought were gone24:45 What preventative measures can be taken without the government?25:30 Lockdowns don't work, surges of cases are inevitable26:15 Lockdowns were over by June, impact was overstated27:30 Lockdowns should only be based on hospital use/capacity29:15 Don't do lockdowns, maximize medical care instead30:30 Public misconception that vaccine would make people immune 31:30 News media needs to be better at messaging public health info33:30 Risk to kids raised significantly with new covid variants34:45 Updates to scientific info get labeled as “flip flopping” when it's normal35:30 Science is not truth, it's the pursuit of truth36:30 Kennedy now linking acetaminophen to autism38:30 People dismiss health risks that fit their lifestyle, like drinking red wine39:45 Half the country was anti-expert, now anti-expert's are in charge41:30 BARDA was the envy of the world43:00 What else should we be doing in preparation for the next “big” pandemic?44:45 We need to develop a comfortable N95 respirator for the public45:45 Updating building codes to help prevent respiratory virus transmission48:15 MMR vaccine doesn't require a booster, likely confirms lifelong immunity51:30 Theme parks in Orlando will pressure government over vaccine mandate52:30 What's the status of H5N1 bird flu?54:15 There will be another flu virus pandemic, we just don't know when55:00 We're producing more poultry than ever, lots of opportunity for exposure56:00 We should be vaccinating livestock and poultry57:00 We're more vulnerable than ever to a bioterrorism attack Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This Day in Legal History: Lord Haw-Haw SentencedOn September 19, 1945, William Joyce—infamously known as “Lord Haw-Haw”—was sentenced to death by a British court for high treason. Joyce had gained notoriety during World War II for broadcasting Nazi propaganda over German radio to British audiences, aiming to demoralize Allied troops and civilians. Born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the UK and Ireland, Joyce later became a naturalized German citizen and an enthusiastic supporter of Hitler. His broadcasts, delivered in a nasal, sneering voice, opened with the phrase “Germany calling,” and earned him the derisive nickname "Lord Haw-Haw" from British listeners.After the war, Joyce was captured by British forces in Germany and brought back to the UK to stand trial. Despite his German citizenship, the court ruled that he had committed treason because he had held a British passport when he began working for the Nazis. His legal defense argued that he owed no allegiance to Britain at the time of the broadcasts, but the court held that possession of the passport created a duty of allegiance. The case raised significant questions about the limits of national loyalty and the reach of British treason laws.On January 6, 1946, Joyce was executed by hanging at Wandsworth Prison, becoming one of the last people to be executed for treason in the UK. The trial and execution were controversial, with some legal scholars and public commentators questioning the soundness of the court's interpretation of allegiance. Nevertheless, the sentence was seen by many at the time as a necessary response to one of the most prominent domestic collaborators of the war.The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), long considered a cost-effective and critical pillar of U.S. workplace safety, has been effectively dismantled under the Trump administration's 2025 restructuring efforts. The agency, a division of the CDC responsible for certifying N95 masks, studying firefighter deaths, and leading occupational health research, saw roughly 90% of its 1,000 staff receive layoff notices on April 1. This move paralyzed core programs, from black lung screenings to PPE certifications, halting NIOSH's role as both a public safeguard and a quiet corporate consultant. The sudden cuts sparked chaos: lab animals were euthanized, crucial research was frozen, and businesses warned of safety gaps and market instability.Many affected workers have since resigned or are stuck on administrative leave, while others remain in limbo as lawsuits challenge the legality of the terminations. Despite statements from HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claiming essential functions remain intact, internal confusion and partial walk-backs—like budget proposals still seeking to slash 80% of NIOSH funding—suggest deeper dismantling intentions. Business leaders, labor unions, and safety advocates have united in rare bipartisan pushback, warning of long-term risks to both worker health and industrial standards.The agency's downfall is part of a broader campaign to weaken the federal workforce, spearheaded by Project 2025 architects and executed with sweeping firings, anti-DEI mandates, and deep budget cuts across agencies. Former government scientists describe the collapse of safety infrastructure as a slow, invisible crisis—where the full damage may not emerge for years. With morale shattered and talent fleeing, the future of U.S. workplace safety research is in jeopardy.Trump Team Derailed Corporate America's Most Valuable ConsultantTwo major elements of President Donald Trump's economic agenda—his global tariffs and his attempt to remove Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook—are now in the hands of the U.S. Supreme Court, raising pivotal questions about the scope of presidential power. The court has agreed to hear a challenge to Trump's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose sweeping tariffs, a law traditionally used to sanction hostile foreign actors, not manage trade. Arguments are set for November 5. Separately, Trump is seeking to fire Cook, claiming misconduct; however, critics argue this is a pretext for targeting her policy views and that doing so violates the 1913 law establishing the Fed's independence.Legal scholars warn that siding with Trump in either case could dramatically expand executive authority. Trump has already tested legal boundaries across immigration, diversity, and civil service policy. While lower courts have often blocked his initiatives, the Supreme Court—now with a 6-3 conservative majority including three Trump appointees—has frequently sided with him. The Cook case raises unprecedented constitutional questions, as no president has ever removed a Fed governor.Meanwhile, Trump's tariff actions have destabilized global trade relations and spurred economic uncertainty, though his allies argue they are central to his economic strategy. A decision favoring Trump in both cases could weaken institutional checks on executive power and erode the principle of independent monetary policy.Key parts of Trump's economic agenda now in Supreme Court's hands | ReutersIn Washington, D.C., immigrant neighborhoods like Mount Pleasant, Petworth, and Columbia Heights are pushing back against a surge in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arrests under President Donald Trump's intensified immigration enforcement campaign. Local residents have begun organizing in real-time—using chat groups and in-person protests—to disrupt ICE detentions, including a recent case where bystanders successfully pressured officers to release a Guatemalan man. These actions reflect growing distrust and fear within largely Latino communities, where residents report increased racial profiling and aggressive policing.The Trump administration's recent declaration of a “crime emergency” in D.C., coupled with the federalization of local police and a heightened ICE presence, has heightened tensions, especially in areas with deep immigrant roots. Community members and advocacy groups say people are being targeted based on appearance or location, not criminal history. Businesses that once bustled with immigrant patrons are seeing sharp declines in foot traffic, as many residents now avoid public spaces out of fear.Federal officials defend the enforcement as targeting serious offenders, but critics point out that many arrests involve individuals without criminal records. A Supreme Court ruling this month has further enabled ICE to continue race- or location-based arrests. Meanwhile, residents like Yessica Gonzalez and Nelvin Rodriguez say the climate of fear is unlike anything they've previously experienced. The increased enforcement has not only disrupted lives but also strained local economies and community trust.Washington's immigrant neighborhoods push back against ICE arrests | ReutersThe U.S. Senate has confirmed John Squires, a veteran intellectual property attorney and former Goldman Sachs executive, as the new head of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) under President Donald Trump. Squires takes over at a critical time, as the agency grapples with global competition from China and emerging legal challenges surrounding artificial intelligence in the patent process. His appointment follows a broad push by Senate Republicans to confirm a slate of Trump nominees despite Democratic opposition.Squires brings a deep background in both corporate and legal arenas, having worked on IP and tech issues at firms like Honeywell and most recently at Dilworth Paxson, where he focused on AI, blockchain, and cybersecurity. He has also taught at the University of Pennsylvania. His predecessor, Kathi Vidal, led the USPTO during the Biden administration and returned to private practice following Trump's 2024 election victory.The USPTO plays a vital role in the American innovation ecosystem, handling patent and trademark applications and advising the government on intellectual property policy. The agency's Patent Trial and Appeal Board frequently mediates high-stakes disputes over patent validity, especially in the tech sector. Squires steps into the role amid heightened political scrutiny, including a controversial Commerce Department order to review patents held by Harvard University as part of a broader White House campaign linked to campus antisemitism concerns.US Senate confirms Trump's pick to run US Patent and Trademark Office | ReutersThis week's closing theme is by Gustav Mahler.This week's closing theme comes from one of the most enigmatic works in the orchestral repertoire: Mahler's Symphony No. 7, specifically its haunting first movement, Langsam – Allegro risoluto, ma non troppo. Composed between 1904 and 1905 and premiered on September 19, 1908, this symphony marks a fascinating midpoint in Mahler's artistic evolution—bridging the lush Romanticism of his earlier works with the more fractured, modernist terrain of his later symphonies.The first movement opens with a dark, slow introduction featuring the eerie voice of the tenor horn, an instrument rarely heard in symphonic writing. Its strange, searching call sets a tone of unease, as if the music is emerging from shadow. What follows is a restless march full of contrasts—grim fanfares, lyrical episodes, and bursts of uneasy energy—all presented with Mahler's characteristic sense of orchestral color and irony.Unlike the more spiritual or pastoral moods of Mahler's other symphonies, the Seventh is often described as "problematic," even "nightmarish"—a label Mahler himself rejected. He referred to the symphony as a progression “from night into day,” and this opening movement represents the beginning of that journey: turbulent, disoriented, and shot through with moments of beauty and menace.Mahler's orchestration here is dense and highly detailed, often requiring massive forces and unconventional instruments. Yet beneath its complexity lies a deep emotional current—one that shifts rapidly from the grotesque to the sublime. The movement ends not with resolution but with a kind of defiant uncertainty, a theme Mahler would continue to explore in his final works.As our closing theme this week, Langsam – Allegro reminds us that the path through darkness is rarely straightforward—and that art, like life, often resists tidy interpretation.Without further ado, Gustav Mahler's Langsam – Allegro risoluto, ma non troppo– enjoy! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

https://jo.my/r1ywgu Respiratory Protection & Airborne Hazards: Choosing the Right Type of Respirator Airborne hazards in a warehouse aren't always obvious. You might not see or smell them, but they're there. Dust from pallet handling. Vapors from cleaning supplies. Fumes from battery charging areas. Each hazard is different, and so is the protection you need against it. One of the top priorities of a solid Safety Culture is making sure people understand that not all respirators are the same. The type of respirator you choose must match the hazard you're facing. Using the wrong one is almost the same as using none at all. Here are a few ways to make sure you're using the proper protection: Match the respirator to the hazard. Paper dust masks may keep out nuisance dust, but they won't protect you from chemical vapors. A cartridge respirator that handles solvents won't block welding fumes. Always confirm that the respirator you're issued is designed for the exact task you're doing. Know the difference between air-purifying and supplied-air models. Air-purifying respirators filter the air around you. They work when the air has oxygen but contains contaminants. Supplied-air respirators bring in clean air from another source. Those are used when the surrounding air isn't safe to breathe at all. Pay attention to filter ratings. You've heard terms like N95 or P100. Those labels matter. They tell you how much filtration you're getting. N95 filters block at least 95 percent of airborne particles, while P100 filters block nearly all of them. Choose the one that meets the level of hazard. Only use a Self-contained Breathing Apparatus with proper training. Self-contained breathing apparatus, or SCBAs, provide complete independence from the surrounding air. They're life-saving in the right situations, but they're also complex. No one should ever use one without complete training and certification. Never share or modify respirators. Respirators are personal protective equipment, just like earplugs or gloves. Sharing one spreads germs and may cause a bad fit. Modifying one, such as taping cracks or adding parts, can make it unsafe. If it's damaged, replace it. As always, these are potential tips. Please be sure to follow the rules and regulations of your specific facility. Respirators protect one of your most vital organs: your lungs. But they only work if they're the right kind, in good condition, and used the way they were meant to be. Warehouse air can look fine but still carry invisible hazards. Choosing the right respirator is a decision that keeps you healthy not just today, but years down the road. Today's podcast marks a special milestone - Episode 300!  We've been able to bring you tips, tricks, and nuggets to keep you, your staff, and facilities safe!   Thank you for being part of another episode of Warehouse Safety Tips. Until we meet next time - have a great week, and STAY SAFE! #Safety #SafetyCulture #RespiratoryProtection #AirQuality #PPE #AirborneHazards #SafetyFirst #HealthyLungs

When the next pandemic hits, will we be ready?That's the question at the center of University of Minnesota epidemiologist Mike Osterholm's new book, “The Big One.” And his answer is sobering.Osterholm joined Kerri Miller on this week's Big Books and Bold Ideas for a blunt and personal assessment of what went right and what went wrong during the COVID-19 pandemic. He's insistent that if we don't learn the lessons of the last pandemic, we will be even less prepared for the next one.Here are five key takeaways from their conversation.1. Public health communication can't just be factual.Osterholm is the founding director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota and has decades of experience tracking and researching outbreaks. He said the big lesson for public health leaders is that kindness and humility have to be forefront as they communicate.Humility is important, he told Miller, because “people mistakenly think that science is truth. It's not. Science is the pursuit of truth.” He said the scientific community needs to do a better job explaining what we know now and how that might change as research continues.But the bigger lesson, for him, was that a “just the facts, ma'am” approach isn't effective. Public health messages need to resonate with people on a personal level.Early in the pandemic, he broke down crying on his own podcast after a close colleague's death. That human moment ended up being a connection point for people.“It wasn't about the factual stuff I talked about,” Osterholm said. “It was about relating to people on that emotional level of what we were experiencing and how we reach out to each other. So the podcast became more and more of a blending of the science — what's in the head — with concern for what's in the heart.”2. When we know what stops transmission, go all-in on that. Once we knew that COVID-19 was an aerosol, Osterholm said, it should have shifted how we thought about transmission.“We spent millions of dollars on useless things like Plexiglass shields. I kept telling people: If you can put a cigarette on this side of it and smell it, you're getting hit.”The only thing that really stops COVID-19 is a well-fitting N95 mask, said Osterholm. Instead of wasting time and money on hygiene theater and cloth masks, we should have “initiated a Manhattan Project-like activity to find the same kind of respiratory protection in something that's wearable, something that could be washed and reused over and over again, something that people could communicate in and not feel claustrophobic.”“And do you know how much we've invested in that?” he asked. “Zero.”3. Mandates aren't a magic solution.While he absolutely believes the COVID vaccines saved lives and are safe, Osterholm isn't sold on the efficacy of mandates.“In some cases, I think we set ourselves back with a mandate,” he told Miller. “If you want to turn someone off so you never have a chance to reach them, tell them they have to do it.”A better way, he believes, is to give people agency.“What you find is, that if you actually work with people and say, ‘OK, you're not going to get it now, but let me give you more information,' you actually get more people vaccinated. And the whole point for me is: I want the most number of people vaccinated.”4. The lack of a nonpartisan reports to examine the errors made during COVID-19 is glaring.Osterholm strongly believes there should be a federal, 9/11 Commission-style report that looks back at COVID-19. He and his coauthor, Mark Olshaker, wrote “The Big One” because there isn't one.“We wanted to make certain there was a record somewhere of what happened or didn't happen and what … could have made a difference,” he told Miller.One example: Osterholm contends widespread lockdowns were ineffective and crude.“The most important thing was having good medical care, and how are you going to get good medical care if your hospital is at 140 percent capacity? You can't.”Instead, he said, we should have used strategic “snow days” with the goal to keep hospital beds under 90 to 95 percent occupancy.“If we could do that, we could get good medical care that would make a difference” in saving lives, he said, without stalling the economy or forcing kids to do school at home.5. We are going backward on preparedness for the next pandemic.But as sobering as the past is, Osterholm was most dire about what comes next.“We are living in the most dangerous time that public health has experienced,” he told Miller. “[The current administration] has taken the public health system as we know it and gutted it in this country. [Look at] what's happened at the CDC this past week, with the firing of the new director who has been there a month, the loss of the senior people there, the fact that the one redeeming, hopeful lesson we learned during the pandemic is how important vaccines could be. And now we have stopped all research on the one vaccine that holds the best future for us with influenza pandemics and COVID pandemics. We live in a very anti-science world right now. And I never thought that I would see the day that the CDC, the NIH and the FDA are enemies of public health, as opposed to the protectors of it.”Subscribe to the Thread newsletter for the latest book and author news and must-read recommendations.Subscribe to Big Books and Bold Ideas with Kerri Miller on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS or anywhere you get your podcasts.

Tune into the second episode of AJC's newest limited podcast series, Architects of Peace. Go behind the scenes of the decades-long diplomacy and quiet negotiations that made the Abraham Accords possible, bringing Israel, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and later Morocco, together in historic peace agreements.  Former U.S. Ambassador to Israel David Friedman, U.S. Army General Miguel Correa, and AJC Chief Policy and Political Affairs Officer Jason Isaacson unpack the first Trump administration's Middle East strategy, share behind-the-scenes efforts to engage key regional players, and reveal what unfolded inside the White House in the crucial weeks before the Abraham Accords signing. Full transcript: https://www.ajc.org/news/podcast/behind-the-breakthrough-architects-of-peace-episode-2 Resources: AJC.org/ArchitectsofPeace - Tune in weekly for new episodes. AJC.org/AbrahamAccords - The Abraham Accords, Explained AJC.org/CNME - Find more on AJC's Center for a New Middle East Listen – AJC Podcasts: AJC.org/ForgottenExodus AJC.org/PeopleofthePod Follow Architects of Peace on your favorite podcast app, and learn more at AJC.org/ArchitectsofPeace You can reach us at: podcasts@ajc.org If you've appreciated this episode, please be sure to tell your friends, and rate and review us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Transcript: Donald Trump: I think we're going to make a deal. It might be a bigger and better deal than people in this room even understand. Manya Brachear Pashman: In September 2020, the world saw what had been years – decades – in the making: landmark peace agreements dubbed the Abraham Accords -- normalizing relations between Israel and two Arabian Gulf states, the United Arab Emirates and the Kingdom of Bahrain. Later, in December, they were joined by the Kingdom of Morocco. Five years later, AJC is pulling back the curtain to meet key individuals who built the trust that led to these breakthroughs. Introducing: the Architects of Peace. Shortly after he was elected in 2016 and before he took office, President Donald Trump nominated his company's former bankruptcy attorney David Friedman to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Israel. He gave Friedman two simple tasks.  Task No. 1? Build peace across the Middle East by normalizing relations between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Task No. 2? Solve the Israeli Palestinian conflict that a half dozen previous White House residents had failed to fix.  After all, according to conventional wisdom, the first task could not happen before the second. The future of cooperation between Israel and 20-plus other Arab countries hinged on peace between the Israelis and Palestinians.  Here's former Secretary of State John Kerry. John Kerry: There will be no advance and separate peace with the Arab world without the Palestinian process and Palestinian peace. Everybody needs to understand that. Manya Brachear Pashman: Ambassador Friedman disagreed with this conventional wisdom. David Friedman: We were told initially by most countries that the road to peace began with the Palestinians. This was a hypothesis that I rejected internally, but I thought: ‘OK, well, let's just play this out and see where this can go. And so, we spent a couple of years really working on what could be a plan that would work for Israel and the Palestinians. The Palestinians, you know, rejected discussions early on, but we had a lot of discussions with the Israelis. Manya Brachear Pashman: The son of a rabbi who grew up in Long Island, Ambassador Friedman had been active in pro-Israel organizations for decades, He had advised Trump on the importance of the U.S.-Israel bond during the 2016 presidential election and recommended nothing less than a radical overhaul of White House policy in the region. Not long after his Senate confirmation as ambassador, that overhaul commenced. In February 2017, President Trump invited Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the White House – his first invitation to a foreign leader —  and a symbolic one. After their meeting, they held a joint press conference. Donald Trump: With this visit, the United States again reaffirms our unbreakable bond with our cherished ally Israel. The partnership between our two countries, built on our shared values. I think we're going to make a deal. It might be a bigger and better deal than people in this room even understand. That's a possibility. So, let's see what we do.  He doesn't sound too optimistic. But he's a good negotiator. Benjamin Netanyahu: That's the art of the deal. Manya Brachear Pashman: Nine months later, President Trump made another symbolic gesture -- recognizing Jerusalem as Israel's capital city and moving the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Though such a move had been approved by Congress in 1995, no president had ever acted upon it. When Trump's son-in-law, businessman, and senior White House advisor Jared Kushner opened conversations about that ‘bigger and better deal,' Palestinians refused to participate, using the pretext of the Jerusalem decision to boycott the Trump administration. But that didn't stop Ambassador Friedman and others from engaging, not only with Israel, but with Arab countries about a new path forward. AJC's Chief Policy and Political Affairs Officer Jason Isaacson, who has been building bridges in the region since the early ‘90s, recalls this strategy at the time. Jason Isaacson: It was very clear for many months, 2019 on into early 2020, that there was a team working under Jared Kushner in the White House that was going from country to country in the Gulf and North Africa, looking to make a deal, looking to make deals that would lead to normalization with Israel, would involve various benefits that the United States would be able to provide. But of course, the big benefit would be regional integration and a closer relationship with the United States. Manya Brachear Pashman: The pitch for a new path forward resonated in the United Arab Emirates, a Gulf country of 10 million residents, some 11% of whom are Emiratis — the rest expats and migrants from around the world. The UAE had designated 2019 the Year of Tolerance, an initiative aimed at promoting the country as a global capital for tolerance and respect between diverse cultures and nationalities. That year, the Emirates hosted a historic visit from Pope Francis, and 27 Israeli athletes competed in the 2019 Special Olympics World Games held in the capital city of Abu Dhabi.  The pitch also resonated in Bahrain. In June of that year, during a two-day workshop in Bahrain's capital city of Manama, the Trump administration began rolling out the results of its Middle East tour – the economic portion of its peace plan, titled "Peace to Prosperity." Jason Isaacson: The White House plan for Peace to Prosperity was a kind of an early set of ideas for Israeli Palestinian resolution that would result in a small, but functional Palestinian state, created in a way that would not require the displacement of Israelis in the West Bank, and that would involve large scale investment, mostly provided by other countries, mostly in the Gulf, but not only, also Europe, to advance the Palestinian economy, to integrate the Palestinian and Israelis' economies in a way that had never happened. And there was discussion that was taking place that all led up to the idea of a very fresh approach, a very new approach to the regional conflict. Manya Brachear Pashman: The 38-page prospectus set ambitious goals — turning the West Bank and Gaza into tourism destinations, doubling the amount of drinkable water there, tripling exports, earmarking $900 million to build hospitals and clinics. The Palestinians, angered by Trump's recognition of Jerusalem and viewing the Manama workshop as an attempt to normalize Arab-Israel ties while sidelining their national rights, boycotted the meeting and rejected the plan before ever seeing its details.  But the workshop's host Bahrain, as well as Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the Emirates participated, to varying degrees. Trump's team rolled out the rest of the plan in January 2020, including a map of land carved out for Palestinians and for Israel. The plan enabled Palestinians and Arab countries to expand economic opportunities. It enabled Israel to demonstrate that it was open to cooperation. It enabled the Trump administration to illustrate the opportunities missed if countries in the region continued to let Palestinian leadership call the shots. David Friedman: The expectation was not that the Palestinians would jump all over it. We were realistic about the possibility, but we did think it was important to show that Israel itself, under some circumstances, was willing to engage with the Palestinians with regard to a formula for peace that, you know, had an economic component, a geographic component, a governance component.  Manya Brachear Pashman: The Palestine Liberation Organization accused the United States of trying to sell a "mirage of economic prosperity.” Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh criticized the Arab leaders attending the al-Manama conference, saying "The (Palestinian) people, who have been fighting for 100 years, did not commission anyone to concede or to bargain.” But that's the thing. Arab leaders weren't there solely on behalf of the Palestinians. They wanted to learn how their own countries' citizens could enjoy peace and prosperity too. David Friedman: The real point of all this that got the Abraham Accords jump started was not the fact that the Palestinians embraced this, but more so that they rejected it in such a way that enabled these other countries to say: ‘Look, guys, you know what? We can't be more pro-Palestinian than you.' Here you have, you know, the U.S. government putting on a table a proposal that gets you more than halfway there in terms of your stated goals and aspirations. Maybe you don't like all of it, that's fine, but you're never going to get everything you wanted anyway. And here's the first government in history that's willing to give you something tangible to talk about, and if you're not going to engage in something that they spent years working on, talking to everybody, trying to thread the needle as best they could. If you're not willing to talk to them about it, then don't ask us to fight your fight. There's only so far we can go. But we thought that putting this plan out on a table publicly would kind of smoke out a lot of positions that had historically been below the surface. And so, beginning right after the 28th of January of 2020 when we had that ceremony with the President's vision for peace, we began to really get serious engagement. Not from the Palestinians, who rejected it immediately, but from the countries in the region. And so that's how the Abraham Accords discussions really began in earnest. Manya Brachear Pashman: AJC had been saying for years that if Arab leaders truly wanted to foster stability in the region and help the Palestinians, engaging with Israel and opening channels of communication would give them the leverage to do so. Isolating Israel was not the answer. Nothing underscored that more than the COVID-19 pandemic, the worst global health crisis in a century. As everyone around the world donned N95 masks and went into self-imposed isolation, some governments in the Middle East concluded that isolating innovative countries like Israel was perhaps not the wisest or safest choice.  In May 2020, UAE Ambassador to the United Nations Lana Nusseibeh said as much during a virtual webinar hosted by AJC. Lana Nusseibeh: Of course, we've had Israeli medics participate in previous events in the UAE, that wouldn't be unusual. And I'm sure there's a lot of scope for collaboration. I don't think we would be opposed to it. Because I really think this public health space should be an unpoliticized space where we all try and pool our collective knowledge of this virus. Manya Brachear Pashman: A month later, UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Dr. Anwar Gargash echoed that sentiment, during AJC Global Forum. Anwar Gargash: I think we can come to a point where we come to a given Israeli government and we say we disagree with you on this, we don't think it's a good idea. But at the same time there are areas, such as COVID, technology, and other things that we can actually work on together. Manya Brachear Pashman: Not surprisingly, the UAE was the first Arab country to begin negotiating with the White House to normalize relations with Israel. However, talks that summer hit a stalemate. Israel was moving forward with a plan to annex a significant portion of the West Bank, including Israeli settlements and the Jordan Valley. Even though President Trump himself had cautioned Prime Minister Netanyahu to hold off, Ambassador Friedman was not about to stop them.  David Friedman: I thought that the idea of Israel walking away from its biblical heartland. Anything that required Israel to make that commitment was something I couldn't support. I was so dead set against it. Israel cannot, as a price for normalization, as great as it is, as important as it is, Israel cannot agree to cede its biblical heartland. Manya Brachear Pashman: Not only was this personal for Ambassador Friedman, it was also a major incentive for Israel, included in the Peace to Prosperity plan. The ambassador didn't want to go back on his word and lose Israel's trust.  But annexation was a dealbreaker for the Emirates. In June, UAE's Ambassador to the U.S. Yousef Al Otaiba wrote a column speaking directly to the Israeli public. He explained that the UAE wanted diplomatic relations with Israel – it really did – but unilateral annexation of land that it considered still in dispute would be viewed as a breach of trust and undermine any and all progress toward normalization.  David Friedman: It was a kind of a tumultuous period, both internally within our own team and with others, about what exactly was going to happen as a result of that Peace to Prosperity Plan. And even if there was an agreement by the United States to support Israeli annexation, was this something that was better, at least in the short term? Manya Brachear Pashman: Otaiba's message got through, and the team ultimately agreed to suspend the annexation plan — not halt, but suspend — an intentionally temporary verb.  In addition to writing the column, Otaiba also recommended that a friend join the negotiations to help repair the trust deficit: General Miguel Correa, a U.S. Army General who had spent part of his childhood in the Middle East, served in the Persian Gulf War and as a peacekeeper maintaining the treaty between Israel and Egypt. General Correa had joined the National Security Council in March 2020 after serving as a defense attaché in Abu Dhabi. He had earned the respect of Emiratis, not as a dealmaker so much as a lifesaver, once orchestrating a secret rescue mission of wounded Emirati troops from inside Yemen. Among those troops, the nephew and son-in-law of Crown Prince Mohamed bin Zayed, the then-de facto ruler and now the current president of the UAE. Kushner and Friedman had never met Correa.  Miguel Correa: I didn't know them, and they didn't know me. No one else had any military experience on the team. I had a unique perspective of the Arab side of the equation.  And had relationships. So, it was a match made in heaven.  Jared, David Friedman, these guys obviously understood Israeli politics and understood the Israeli side, and somewhat Jewish American side. I could provide a different dynamic or a different view from the Arab side, as someone who's kind of grown up with this. It really got serious when the team came together and, and we could start working on real, concrete things. Manya Brachear Pashman: Months of negotiations had already unfolded. It was already late July, first of August, when General Correa became the last person to join the tiny circle of a half dozen negotiators – kept intentionally small to keep a lid on the conversations. It's hard to keep a secret in Washington. David Friedman: The secrecy here was very, very important, because to be honest with you, I think anything bigger than that group of six or seven, we would have put it in jeopardy. Manya Brachear Pashman: In this situation, leaks not only threatened the deal, they could threaten lives. Though word trickled out that a deal was in the works, no one guessed just how transformational the result might be. In General Correa's opinion, the UAE had the most to lose. Miguel Correa: That was the concern that, frankly, guys like me had, that, I hurt a nation of good people that is incredibly tolerant, that builds synagogues and churches and Sikh temples, or Hindu temples, and tolerance 101, that everybody can pray to who they would like to pray to.  And I was worried that all these extremists were going to come out of the woodwork and hurt that trajectory in the UAE, that was going to be a great nation with or without the normalization. But this ruler said: ‘No, no, it's the right thing to do. Peace is the right thing to do.' Manya Brachear Pashman: General Correa actually had quite a few concerns. He didn't want the negotiations to be hijacked for political gain. He wanted leaders to have a security and public relations response in place before anything was announced. And the agreement? It lacked a name. Miguel Correa: A lot of it has to do with my military side. We love to name cool task forces, and things like that. And then I felt like: ‘Hey, it has to be something that rolls off the tongue, that makes sense and that will help it, you know, with staying power. Let's do something that ties the people together. There was going to be a shock, a tectonic shock that was going to occur. From 1948, we're going to do a complete 180, and wow. So what do we do to take the wind away from the extremists? As a guy who's fought extremism, militant extremism, for most of his military career, I figured, hey, we've got to do what we can to frame this in a super positive manner. Manya Brachear Pashman: To the general's dismay, no one else shared his concern about what to call their project. A lot was happening in those last few weeks. Landing on a name – not a priority. On the morning of August 13, once all the details were hammered out, the team sat in the Oval Office waiting to brief the President before it was announced to the world. David Friedman: It came about 10 minutes before the end, we were all sitting around the Oval Office, waiting for this announcement about the UAE. And somebody, not me, said: ‘Well, we need a name for this,' and I said, why? And they said, ‘Well, you know, you have the Oslo Accords, you have the Camp David Accords. You need a name.' And I said, you know, Who's got an idea? And General Miguel Correa, he said: ‘How about the Abraham Accords?' And I said: ‘That's a great name.' And then we had a rush to call the Israelis and the Emiratis to make sure they were OK with it.  Five minutes later we're broadcasting to a few hundred million people this groundbreaking announcement. And the President looks at me and says, ‘David, explain why you chose the Abraham Accords?' So that was when we explained what the name was, which I hadn't really thought of until that point. We just thought it was a good name.  So at that point I said, ‘Well, you know, Abraham was the father of three great religions. He's referred to as Abraham in English, and Ibrahim in Arabic, and Avraham in Hebrew. And no single individual better exemplifies the opportunity and the benefits of unity among all peoples than Abraham.' And that was sort of on the fly how we got to the Abraham Accords. Manya Brachear Pashman: General Correa said he chose a name that would remind people of all faiths that what they have in common far outweighs what separates them. It was also important that the name be plural. Not the Abraham Accord. The Abraham Accords.  Even if only one country – the UAE – was signing on at that moment, there would be more to come. Indeed, Bahrain came on board within a month. Morocco joined in December.  Miguel Correa: I felt in my heart that this has to be more than one. As a guy that's been affected by this extremism and it allowed this, this craziness and that people decide who can get to know who and and I felt like, No, we can't allow this to be a one-shot deal. We have to prove that this is an avalanche. This could be sustained, and this is the way it should be. Everyone has to come into this one way or another. And it's not, by the way, saying that, hey, we're all going to walk lockstep with Israel. That's not the point. The point is that you have a conversation, the leaders can pick up the phone and have that conversation. So it has to be, has to be plural. By the way, this is the way that it was. This isn't new. This isn't like a crazy new concept. This is the way it was. It's not an introduction of Jews in this region, in society. This is a reintroduction. This is the way it's supposed to be. This is what's happened for thousands of years. So why are we allowing people to take us back, you know, thousands of years? Let's go back to the way things should be, and develop these relationships. It makes us all better. Manya Brachear Pashman: Next episode, we step out from behind the scenes and on to the South Lawn of the White House where leaders from the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Israel and the U.S. signed the Abraham Accords, while the world watched in awe. Atara Lakritz is our producer. T.K. Broderick is our sound engineer. Special thanks to Jason Isaacson, Sean Savage, and the entire AJC team for making this series possible.  You can subscribe to Architects of Peace on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts, and you can learn more at AJC.org/ArchitectsofPeace.  The views and opinions of our guests don't necessarily reflect the positions of AJC.  You can reach us at podcasts@ajc.org. If you've enjoyed this episode, please be sure to spread the word, and hop onto Apple Podcasts or Spotify to rate us and write a review to help more listeners find us. Music Credits: Middle East : ID: 279780040; Composer: Eric Sutherland Frontiers: ID: 183925100; Publisher: Pond5 Publishing Beta (BMI); Composer: Pete Checkley (BMI) Meditative: ID: 115666358; Composer: DANIELYAN ASHOT MAKICHEVICH (IPI NAME #00855552512), UNITED STATES BMI Arabian: Item ID: 214336423; Composer: MusicForVideos Arabian Strings: ID: 72249988; Publisher: EITAN EPSTEIN; Composer: EITAN EPSTEIN Desert: Item ID: 220137401; Publisher: BFCMUSIC PROD.; Composer: Andrei Marchanka Middle East Violin: ID: 277189507; Composer: Andy Warner Arabic Ambient: ID: 186923328; Publisher: Victor Romanov; Composer: Victor Romanov Oriental: Item ID: 190860465; Publisher: Victor Romanov; Composer: Victor Romanov Mystical Middle East: ID: 212471911; Composer: Vicher    

We are so back.... on the Oregon Coast with the Mysterious James for another round of two-wheeled mayhem. Ten days, 360 miles, zero expectations, and maximum potential for randomness. The Safari's ready, MJ is in, and we're about to find out if bike touring is really dying or just hiding. Spoiler alert: it's gonna be a wild ride. Mysterious Oregon Coast 2025 Preview Route Preview •Start: Astoria, OR (mile marker 0 or 360, depending on your perspective) •End: Crescent City, CA (for Tim); James continues on to the Bay Area •Duration: 10 days with a flexible buffer day •Notable overnight stops (planned or likely): •Nehalem Bay State Park (newly renovated!) •Pacific City (Webb Campground… maybe) •South Beach State Park (for access to Newport breweries) •Honeyman State Park (newer, flatter hiker/biker site) •Humbug Mountain State Park •Harris Beach State Park •Potential zero day or break-up of the tough Humbug → Harris Beach stretch •No planned fast-forwards, unless absolutely necessary. Camping and Lodging Notes •Prioritizing Oregon's legendary hiker/biker campgrounds. •Watching for options to split up tougher days if needed. •No hotels booked mid-ride… but maybe one after. Health & COVID Precautions •Recent exposure to COVID before departure. •Testing negative but traveling with: •N95 masks •At-home test kits •A solid commitment to not being “that guy” on the coast Gear and Bike Setup •Bike: The classic Safari (not the e-bike — those batteries don't fly) •Derailleur hanger fixed after some Oregon baggage trauma last year •Bags and Packing: •Rear panniers only (probably no front rack) •Dry bag strapped to handlebars •Possibly a rack-top bag or extra dry bag for groceries •Tent & Sleep Kit: Same trusty gear as usual •Clothing: •Two sun hoodies, maybe a few tees •Minimal civilian clothes •One pair of riding pants, maybe a second pair •Hat, gloves (maybe), sleep clothes •Kitchen: •Might skip the stove — James likely bringing one •Planning to mooch hot water as needed •Hydration & Nutrition: •Bringing water cube + personal bottle •Salt/electrolyte tablets recommended by a listener •Stroopwafels as ride fuel (solid choice) Weather Forecast •Classic Oregon coast summer: mid-60s highs, mid-50s lows, mostly dry •Tailwinds expected •Perfect conditions for coastal touring The State of Touring •Fewer cyclists seen in recent years — why? •Aging of the boomer “bikecentennial” generation •More folks opting for trail or gravel rides •General safety concerns on roadways •ACA is selling its HQ in Missoula and going fully remote — a sign of shifting tides? •This ride may be another data point in the evolution of bike touring What to Expect •Conversations and stories with James •Challenges, route decisions, campground reviews, and food stops •A mix of reflective commentary and classic on-the-road storytelling Coming Up… •Next episode kicks off the Mysterious Oregon Coast 2025 tour proper •Get ready for on-the-ground updates, audio postcards, and the real-time unfolding of the adventure

⚠️ The Collapse Chronicles – Episode: Biowar

The Fortified Life Podcast with Jason DavisEpisode 196 | Guest: Wendy CockeTitle: "Making Flex Work: The Faith-Fueled Pivot from Engineering to Empowerment"SHOW NOTESGuest: Wendy Cocke, Founder of Engineering Leadership Solutions LLC, Leadership Development Coach, Author of Making Flex Work and Reimagine Your WorkHosted by: Jason Davis a.k.a. “Mr. Fortify”Theme: Living out your faith in the marketplace, from the boardroom to the bathroom.

Today's poem is Let Me by Camille T. Dungy.The Slowdown is currently taking a break. We'll be back soon with new episodes from a new host. This week, we're going back into the archive to revisit Ada Limón's time as host. Today's episode was originally released on September 27, 2021. In this episode, former host Ada Limón writes… “The thing that makes me break down in tears the most often is not grief, but human resilience. To watch someone dress their kids and get them to school, ship them off with backpacks and N95 masks knowing how hard the world is. To watch someone keep going with some sort of unfathomable fortitude, no matter how rough the human waters, that is what astounds me. And still we go on, the world seems to say.” Celebrate the power of poems with a gift to The Slowdown today. Every donation makes a difference: https://tinyurl.com/rjm4synp

Our guest for this week is Sara Olson.  Sara (her TikTok name is SKEEETAH) is from the Wolf River area of Wisconsin which just happens to hold the highest concentration of the fungus that causes Blastomycosis. When Sara got Blastomycosis in January 2024, she thought it was 'just the flu'.  With a chest xray, she was diagnosed with pneumonia.  Several rounds of antibiotics didn't help so she did a CT scan where they found an embolism.  Still not knowing anything else, they continued treating her for bacterial pneumonia.  They did a swab of her sputum in which her health providers found no bacterial growth, but there was fungal growth.  "For some reason they didn't do fungal testing" she was admitted, released and readmitted all the while she was being treated for bacterial pneumonia.  The final hospitalization had her O2 levels drop to 30 and she was intubated, her family was called to come and say their goodbyes...  You'll have to listen to the interview to learn more.  She is lucky to be alive! Blastomycosis is a fungal infection and was linked to the Little Wolf River in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, during a summer 2015 outbreak.  People who went tubing on the river were exposed to the fungus, with 59 confirmed and 39 probable cases reported according to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (W-DHS). The fungus, Blastomyces, lives in soil and decaying organic matter, and its spores can become airborne when disturbed. Inhaling these spores can cause blastomycosis, a disease primarily affecting the lungs, though it can spread to other parts of the body. While most blastomycosis cases are sporadic, this outbreak highlighted the need for awareness about this preventable cause of illness.    Key Details about the Outbreak: Cause: The outbreak was attributed to the fungus Blastomyces, which is commonly found in soil and decaying matter.    Exposure: People who participated in river tubing on the Little Wolf River were exposed to the fungus.    Symptoms: Blastomycosis can cause flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, muscle aches, and fatigue, but it can also lead to serious health problems if not treated.    Transmission: The infection is not spread from person to person.    Treatment: Blastomycosis can be treated with antifungal medications.    Outbreak Scale: This outbreak was one of the largest in recent Wisconsin history, with 59 confirmed and 39 probable cases.    Prevention: Awareness of the potential for infection is key, especially in areas where the fungus is known to be present.    Additional Information: Endemic Area: Blastomycosis is endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, the Great Lakes region, and the southeastern United States according to the CDC.    Symptoms: Common symptoms include cough, fever, chest pain, fatigue, and skin sores.    Risk Factors: Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses may be more susceptible to severe illness.    Not Limited to the Wolf River: While the Little Wolf River outbreak was significant, blastomycosis can occur in other areas with suitable environmental conditions.  Blastomyces lives in moist soil in parts of North America. It's too small to see, so you can breathe it into your lungs without knowing it. There, it can grow and make you sick. It sometimes spreads to your skin or other parts of your body. It's hard to avoid breathing in Blastomyces fungus if you live in an area where it's common. While not entirely preventable, there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of blastomycosis: Avoid disturbing large areas of dirt and dust, especially in areas near water. If your job or hobbies expose you to soil that's likely to contain Blastomyces, wear an N95 (or KN95) respirator mask to help filter the air you breathe.  

The Collapse Chronicles – Episode 2: Pandemics

Infection control consultant Katherine West breaks down the critical distinctions between infection prevention practices in EMS settings versus medical facilities.   She clarifies how EMS-specific CDC guidelines account for unique factors like ambulance ventilation systems, the rear exhaust fan and closed suction systems that impact airborne and droplet disease transmission risks.   Katherine addresses the evidence behind mask and respirator use, emphasizing that clinical data since 2015 shows no clear advantage of N95 respirators over surgical masks for many respiratory infections in EMS contexts.   She also highlights post-exposure protocols, explaining why EMS personnel do not require immediate baseline blood testing, unlike hospital staff. Practical advice on COVID-19, tuberculosis, measles, Ebola precautions and aerosolized medication administration underscores why EMS must follow tailored guidelines rather than hospital-based protocols.

Congressman Jared Moskowitz: Pro-Israel, Proudly Jewish, and Unapologetically Honest | Behind the Bima

LET'S TAKE OUT TRASH- 10 years of knowing Pedro - our tinder story- new ring - wicked - room redo/N95 masks- 7th grade journal - YOU- slomw- Jojo Siwa- Blake & Broccolini train - TRASHER'S TRASH- next guest hint SEE GOOD, DO GOODSPONSORS//BOHME.COM // 20JOSIECOZYEARTH.COM // WEEKLYTRASHBOGO

Before getting into this new podcast, have you checked out the recent newsletter editions and podcasts of Ground Truths?—the first diagnostic immunome—a Covid nasal vaccine update—medical storytelling and uncertainty—why did doctors with A.I. get outperformed by A.I. alone?The audio is available on iTunes and Spotify. The full video is embedded here, at the top, and also can be found on YouTube.Transcript with links to Audio and External Links Eric Topol (00:07):Well, hello. It's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I am just thrilled today to welcome Carl Zimmer, who is one of the great science journalists of our times. He's written 14 books. He writes for the New York Times and many other venues of great science, journalism, and he has a new book, which I absolutely love called Air-Borne. And you can see I have all these rabbit pages tagged and there's lots to talk about here because this book is the book of air. I mean, we're talking about everything that you ever wanted to know about air and where we need to go, how we missed the boat, and Covid and everything else. So welcome, Carl.Carl Zimmer (00:51):Thanks so much. Great to be here.A Book Inspired by the PandemicEric Topol (00:54):Well, the book starts off with the Skagit Valley Chorale that you and your wife Grace attended a few years later, I guess, in Washington, which is really interesting. And I guess my first question is, it had the look that this whole book was inspired by the pandemic, is that right?Carl Zimmer (01:18):Certainly, the seed was planted in the pandemic. I was working as a journalist at the New York Times with a bunch of other reporters at the Times. There were lots of other science writers also just trying to make sense of this totally new disease. And we were talking with scientists who were also trying to make sense of the disease. And so, there was a lot of uncertainty, ambiguity, and things started to come into focus. And I was really puzzled by how hard it was for consensus to emerge about how Covid spread. And I did some reporting along with other people on this conflict about was this something that was spreading on surfaces or was it the word people were using was airborne? And the World Health Organization said, no, it's not airborne, it's not airborne until they said it was airborne. And that just seemed like not quantum physics, you know what I'm saying? In the sense that it seemed like that would be the kind of thing that would get sorted out pretty quickly. And I think that actually more spoke to my own unfamiliarity with the depth of this field. And so, I would talk to experts like say, Donald Milton at the University of Maryland. I'd be like, so help me understand this. How did this happen? And he would say, well, you need to get to know some people like William Wells. And I said, who?Eric Topol (02:50):Yeah, yeah, that's what I thought.Carl Zimmer (02:53):Yeah, there were just a whole bunch of people from a century ago or more that have been forgotten. They've been lost in history, and yet they were real visionaries, but they were also incredibly embattled. And the question of how we messed up understanding why Covid was airborne turned out to have an answer that took me back thousands of years and really plunged me into this whole science that's known as aerobiology.Eric Topol (03:26):Yeah, no, it's striking. And we're going to get, of course, into the Covid story and how it got completely botched as to how it was being transmitted. But of course, as you go through history, you see a lot of the same themes of confusion and naysayers and just extraordinary denialism. But as you said, this goes back thousands of years and perhaps the miasma, the moral stain in the air that was start, this is of course long before there was thing called germ theory. Is that really where the air thing got going?A Long History of Looking Into Bad AirCarl Zimmer (04:12):Well, certainly some of the earliest evidence we have that people were looking at the air and thinking about the air and thinking there's something about the air that matters to us. Aristotle thought, well, there's clearly something important about the air. Life just seems to be revolve around breathing and he didn't know why. And Hippocrates felt that there could be this stain on the air, this corruption of the air, and this could explain why a lot of people in a particular area, young and old, might suddenly all get sick at the same time. And so, he put forward this miasma theory, and there were also people who were looking at farm fields and asking, well, why are all my crops dead suddenly? What happened? And there were explanations that God sends something down to punish us because we've been bad, or even that the air itself had a kind of miasma that affected plants as well as animals. So these ideas were certainly there, well over 2,000 years ago.Eric Topol (05:22):Now, as we go fast forward, we're going to get to, of course into the critical work of William and Mildred Wells, who I'd never heard of before until I read your book, I have to say, talk about seven, eight decades filed into oblivion. But before we get to them, because their work was seminal, you really get into the contributions of Louis Pasteur. Maybe you could give us a skinny on what his contributions were because I was unaware of his work and the glaciers, Mer de Glace and figuring out what was going on in the air. So what did he really do to help this field?Carl Zimmer (06:05):Yeah, and this is another example of how we can kind of twist and deform history. Louis Pasteur is a household name. People know who Louis Pasteur is. People know about pasteurization of milk. Pasteur is associated with vaccines. Pasteur did other things as well. And he was also perhaps the first aerobiologist because he got interested in the fact that say, in a factory where beet juice was being fermented to make alcohol, sometimes it would spoil. And he was able to determine that there were some, what we know now are bacteria that were getting into the beet juice. And so, it was interrupting the usual fermentation from the yeast. That in itself was a huge discovery. But he was saying, well, wait, so why are there these, what we call bacteria in the spoiled juice? And he thought, well, maybe they just float in the air.Carl Zimmer (07:08):And this was really a controversial idea in say, 1860, because even then, there were many people who were persuaded that when you found microorganisms in something, they were the result of spontaneous generation. In other words, the beet juice spontaneously produced this life. This was standard view of how life worked and Pasteur was like, I'm not sure I buy this. And this basically led to him into an incredible series of studies around Paris. He would have a flask, and he'd have a long neck on it, and the flask was full of sterile broth, and he would just take it places and he would just hold it there for a while, and eventually bacteria would fall down that long neck and they would settle in the broth, and they would multiply in there. It would turn cloudy so he could prove that there was life in the air.Carl Zimmer (08:13):And they went to different places. He went to farm fields, he went to mountains. And the most amazing trip he took, it was actually to the top of a glacier, which was very difficult, especially for someone like Pasteur, who you get the impression he just hated leaving the lab. This was not a rugged outdoorsman at all. But there he is, climbing around on the ice with this flask raising it over his head, and he caught bacteria there as well. And that actually was pivotal to destroying spontaneous generation as a theory. So aerobiology among many, many other things, destroyed this idea that life could spontaneously burst into existence.Eric Topol (08:53):Yeah, no. He says ‘these gentlemen, are the germs of microscopic beings' shown in the existence of microorganisms in the air. So yeah, amazing contribution. And of course, I wasn't familiar with his work in the air like this, and it was extensive. Another notable figure in the world of germ theory that you bring up in the book with another surprise for me was the great Robert Koch of the Koch postulates. So is it true he never did the third postulate about he never fulfilled his own three postulates?Carl Zimmer (09:26):Not quite. Yeah, so he had these ideas about what it would take to actually show that some particular pathogen, a germ, actually caused a disease, and that involved isolating it from patients, culturing it outside of them. And then actually experimentally infecting an animal and showing the symptoms again. And he did that with things like anthrax and tuberculosis. He nailed that. But then when it came to cholera, there was this huge outbreak in Egypt, and people were still battling over what caused cholera. Was it miasma? Was it corruption in the air, or was it as Koch and others believe some type of bacteria? And he found a particular kind of bacteria in the stool of people who were dying or dead of cholera, and he could culture it, and he consistently found it. And when he injected animals with it, it just didn't quite work.Eric Topol (10:31):Okay. Yeah, so at least for cholera, the Koch's third postulate of injecting in animals, reproducing the disease, maybe not was fulfilled. Okay, that's good.Eric Topol (10:42):Now, there's a lot of other players here. I mean, with Fred Meier and Charles Lindbergh getting samples in the air from the planes and Carl Flügge. And before we get to the Wells, I just want to mention these naysayers like Charles Chapin, Alex Langmuir, the fact that they said, well, people that were sensitive to pollen, it was just neurosis. It wasn't the pollen. I mean, just amazing stuff. But anyway, the principles of what I got from the book was the Wells, the husband and wife, very interesting characters who eventually even split up, I guess. But can you tell us about their contributions? Because they're really notable when we look back.William and Mildred Wells Carl Zimmer (11:26):Yeah, they really are. And although by the time they had died around 1960, they were pretty much forgotten already. And yet in the 1930s, the two of them, first at Harvard and then at University of Pennsylvania did some incredible work to actually challenge this idea that airborne infection was not anything real, or at least nothing really to worry about. Because once the miasmas have been cleared away, people who embrace the germ theory of disease said, look, we've got cholera in water. We've got yellow fever in mosquitoes. We've got syphilis in sex. We have all these ways that germs can get from one person to the next. We don't need to worry about the air anymore. Relax. And William Wells thought, I don't know if that's true. And we actually invented a new device for actually sampling the air, a very clever kind of centrifuge. And he started to discover, actually, there's a lot of stuff floating around in the air.Carl Zimmer (12:37):And then with a medical student of his, Richard Riley started to develop a physical model. How does this happen? Well, you and I are talking, as we are talking we are expelling tiny droplets, and those droplets can potentially contain pathogens. We can sneeze out big droplets or cough them too. Really big droplets might fall to the floor, but lots of other droplets will float. They might be pushed along by our breath like in a cloud, or they just may be so light, they just resist gravity. And so, this was the basic idea that he put forward. And then he made real headlines by saying, well, maybe there's something that we can do to these germs while they're still in the air to protect our own health. In the same way you'd protect water so that you don't get cholera. And he stumbled on ultraviolet light. So basically, you could totally knock out influenza and a bunch of other pathogens just by hitting these droplets in the air with light. And so, the Wells, they were very difficult to work with. They got thrown out of Harvard. Fortunately, they got hired at Penn, and they lasted there just long enough that they could run an experiment in some schools around Philadelphia. And they put up ultraviolet lamps in the classrooms. And those kids did not get hit by huge measles outbreak that swept through Philadelphia not long afterwards.Eric Topol (14:05):Yeah, it's pretty amazing. I had never heard of them. And here they were prescient. They did the experiments. They had this infection machine where they could put the animal in and blow in the air, and it was basically like the Koch's third postulate here of inducing the illness. He wrote a book, William and he's a pretty confident fellow quoted, ‘the book is not for here and now. It is from now on.' So he wasn't a really kind of a soft character. He was pretty strong, I guess. Do you think his kind of personality and all the difficulties that he and his wife had contributed to why their legacy was forgotten by most?Carl Zimmer (14:52):Yes. They were incredibly difficult to work with, and there's no biography of the Wellses. So I had to go into archives and find letters and unpublished documents and memos, and people will just say like, oh my goodness, these people are so unbearable. They just were fighting all the time. They were fighting with each other. They were peculiar, particularly William was terrible with language and just people couldn't deal with them. So because they were in these constant fights, they had very few friends. And when you have a big consensus against you and you don't have very many friends to not even to help you keep a job, it's not going to turn out well, unfortunately. They did themselves no favors, but it is still really remarkable and sad just how much they figured out, which was then dismissed and forgotten.Eric Topol (15:53):Yeah, I mean, I'm just amazed by it because it's telling about your legacy in science. You want to have friends, you want to be, I think, received well by your colleagues in your community. And when you're not, you could get buried, your work could get buried. And it kind of was until, for me, at least, your book Air-Borne. Now we go from that time, which is 60, 70 years ago, to fast forward H1N1 with Linsey Marr from Virginia Tech, who in 2009 was already looking back at the Wells work and saying, wait a minute there's something here that this doesn't compute, kind of thing. Can you give us the summary about Linsey? Of course, we're going to go to 2018 again all before the pandemic with Lydia, but let's first talk about Linsey.Linsey MarrSee my previous Ground Truths podcast with Prof Marr hereCarl Zimmer (16:52):Sure. So Linsey Marr belongs to this new generation of scientists in the 21st century who start to individually rediscover the Welles. And then in Lindsey Marr's case, she was studying air pollution. She's an atmospheric scientist and she's at Virginia Tech. And she and her husband are trying to juggle their jobs and raising a little kid, and their son is constantly coming home from daycare because he's constantly getting sick, or there's a bunch of kids who are sick there and so on. And that got Linsey Marr actually really curious like what's going on because they were being careful about washing objects and so on, and doing their best to keep the kids healthy. And she started looking into ideas about transmission of diseases. And she got very interested in the flu because in 2009, there was a new pandemic, in other words that you had this new strain of influenza surging throughout the world. And so, she said, well, let me look at what people are saying. And as soon as she started looking at it, she just said, well, people are saying things that as a physicist I know make no sense. They're saying that droplets bigger than five microns just plummet to the ground.Carl Zimmer (18:21):And in a way that was part of a sort of a general rejection of airborne transmission. And she said, look, I teach this every year. I just go to the blackboard and derive a formula to show that particles much bigger than this can stay airborne. So there's something really wrong here. And she started spending more and more time studying airborne disease, and she kept seeing the Welles as being cited. And she was like, who are these? Didn't know who they were. And she had to dig back because finding his book is not easy, I will tell you that. You can't buy it on Amazon. It's like it was a total flop.Eric Topol (18:59):Wow.Carl Zimmer (19:00):And eventually she started reading his papers and getting deeper in it, and she was like, huh. He was pretty smart. And he didn't say any of the things that people today are claiming he said. There's a big disconnect here. And that led her into join a very small group of people who really were taking the idea of airborne infection seriously, in the early 2000s.Lydia BourouibaEric Topol (19:24):Yeah, I mean, it's pretty incredible because had we listened to her early on in the pandemic and many others that we're going to get into, this wouldn't have gone years of neglect of airborne transmission of Covid. Now, in 2018, there was, I guess, a really important TEDMED talk by Lydia. I don't know how you pronounce her last name, Bourouiba or something. Oh, yeah. And she basically presented graphically. Of course, all this stuff is more strained for people to believe because of the invisibility story, but she, I guess, gave demos that were highly convincing to her audience if only more people were in her audience. Right?Carl Zimmer (20:09):That's right. That's right. Yeah. So Lydia was, again, not an infectious disease expert at first. She was actually trained as a physicist. She studied turbulence like what you get in spinning galaxies or spinning water in a bathtub as it goes down the drain. But she was very taken aback by the SARS outbreak in 2003, which did hit Canada where she was a student.Carl Zimmer (20:40):And it really got her getting interested in infectious diseases, emerging diseases, and asking herself, what tools can I bring from physics to this? And she's looked into a lot of different things, and she came to MIT and MIT is where Harold Edgerton built those magnificent stroboscope cameras. And we've all seen these stroboscope images of the droplets of milk frozen in space, or a bullet going through a card or things like that that he made in the 1930s and 1940s and so on. Well, one of the really famous images that was used by those cameras was a sneeze actually, around 1940. That was the first time many Americans would see these droplets frozen in space. Of course, they forgot them.Carl Zimmer (21:34):So she comes there and there's a whole center set up for this kind of high-speed visualization, and she starts playing with these cameras, and she starts doing experiments with things like breathing and sneezes and so on. But now she's using digital video, and she discovers that she goes and looks at William Wells and stuff. She's like, that's pretty good, but it's pretty simple. It's pretty crude. I mean, of course it is. It was in the 1930s. So she brings a whole new sophistication of physics to studying these things, which she finds that, especially with a sneeze, it sort of creates a new kind of physics. So you actually have a cloud that just shoots forward, and it even carries the bigger droplets with it. And it doesn't just go three feet and drop. In her studies looking at her video, it could go 10 feet, 20 feet, it could just keep going.Eric Topol (22:24):27 feet, I think I saw. Yeah, right.Carl Zimmer (22:26):Yeah. It just keeps on going. And so, in 2018, she gets up and at one of these TEDMED talks and gives this very impressive talk with lots of pictures. And I would say the world didn't really listen.Eric Topol (22:48):Geez and amazing. Now, the case that you, I think centered on to show how stupid we were, not everyone, not this group of 36, we're going to talk about not everyone, but the rest of the world, like the WHO and the CDC and others was this choir, the Skagit Valley Chorale in Washington state. Now, this was in March 2020 early on in the pandemic, there were 61 people exposed to one symptomatic person, and 52 were hit with Covid. 52 out of 61, only 8 didn't get Covid. 87% attack rate eventually was written up by an MMWR report that we'll link to. This is extraordinary because it defied the idea of that it could only be liquid droplets. So why couldn't this early event, which was so extraordinary, opened up people's mind that there's not this six-foot rule and it's all these liquid droplets and the rest of the whole story that was wrong.Carl Zimmer (24:10):I think there's a whole world of psychological research to be done on why people accept or don't accept scientific research and I'm not just talking about the public. This is a question about how science itself works, because there were lots of scientists who looked at the claims that Linsey Marr and others made about the Skagit Valley Chorale outbreak and said, I don't know, I'm not convinced. You didn't culture viable virus from the air. How do you really know? Really, people have said that in print. So it does raise the question of a deep question, I think about how does science judge what the right standard of proof is to interpret things like how diseases spread and also how to set public health policy. But you're certainly right that and March 10th, there was this outbreak, and by the end of March, it had started to make news and because the public health workers were figuring out all the people who were sick and so on, and people like Linsey Marr were like, this kind of looks like airborne to me, but they wanted to do a closer study of it. But still at that same time, places like the World Health Organization (WHO) were really insisting Covid is not airborne.“This is so mind-boggling to me. It just made it obvious that they [WHO] were full of s**t.”—Jose-Luis JimenezGetting It Wrong, Terribly WrongEric Topol (25:56):It's amazing. I mean, one of the quotes that there was, another one grabbed me in the book, in that group of the people that did air research understanding this whole field, the leaders, there's a fellow Jose-Luis Jimenez from University of Colorado Boulder, he said, ‘this is so mind-boggling to me. It just made it obvious that they were full of s**t.' Now, that's basically what he's saying about these people that are holding onto this liquid droplet crap and that there's no airborne. But we know, for example, when you can't see cigarette smoke, you can't see the perfume odor, but you can smell it that there's stuff in the air, it's airborne, and it's not necessarily three or six feet away. There's something here that doesn't compute in people's minds. And by the way, even by March and April, there were videos like the one that Lydia showed in 2018 that we're circling around to show, hey, this stuff is all over the place. It's not just the mouth going to the other person. So then this group of 36 got together, which included the people we were talking about, other people who I know, like Joe Allen and many really great contributors, and they lobbied the CDC and the WHO to get with it, but it seemed like it took two years.Carl Zimmer (27:32):It was a slow process, yes. Yes. Because well, I mean, the reason that they got together and sort of formed this band is because early on, even at the end of January, beginning of February 2020, people like Joe Allen, people like Linsey Marr, people like Lidia Morawska in Australia, they were trying to raise the alarm. And so, they would say like, oh, I will write up my concerns and I will get it published somewhere. And journals would reject them and reject them and reject them. They'd say, well, we know this isn't true. Or they'd say like, oh, they're already looking into it. Don't worry about it. This is not a reason for concern. All of them independently kept getting rejected. And then at the same time, the World Health Organization was going out of their way to insist that Covid is not airborne. And so, Lidia Morawska just said like, we have to do something. And she, from her home in Australia, marshaled first this group of 36 people, and they tried to get the World Health Organization to listen to them, and they really felt very rebuffed it didn't really work out. So then they went public with a very strong open letter. And the New York Times and other publications covered that and that really started to get things moving. But still, these guidelines and so on were incredibly slow to be updated, let alone what people might actually do to sort of safeguard us from an airborne disease.Eric Topol (29:15):Well, yeah, I mean, we went from March 2020 when it was Captain Obvious with the choir to the end of 2021 with Omicron before this got recognized, which is amazing to me when you look back, right? That here you've got millions of people dying and getting infected, getting Long Covid, all this stuff, and we have this denial of what is the real way of transmission. Now, this was not just a science conflict, this is that we had people saying, you don't need to wear a mask. People like Jerome Adams, the Surgeon General, people like Tony Fauci before there was an adjustment later, oh, you don't need masks. You just stay more than six feet away. And meanwhile, the other parts of the world, as you pointed out in Japan with the three Cs, they're already into, hey, this is airborne and don't go into rooms indoors with a lot of people and clusters and whatnot. How could we be this far off where the leading public health, and this includes the CDC, are giving such bad guidance that basically was promoting Covid spread.Carl Zimmer (30:30):I think there are a number of different reasons, and I've tried to figure that out, and I've talked to people like Anthony Fauci to try to better understand what was going on. And there was a lot of ambiguity at the time and a lot of mixed signals. I think that also in the United States in particular, we were dealing with a really bad history of preparing for pandemics in the sense that the United States actually had said, we might need a lot of masks for a pandemic, which implicitly means that we acknowledge that the next pandemic might to some extent be airborne. At least our healthcare folks are going to need masks, good masks, and they stockpiled them, and then they started using them, and then they didn't really replace them very well, and supplies ran out, or they got old. So you had someone like Rick Bright who was a public health official in the administration in January 2020, trying to tell everybody, hey, we need masks.The Mess with MasksCarl Zimmer (31:56):And people are like, don't worry about it, don't worry about it. Look, if we have a problem with masks, he said this, and he recounted this later. Look, if the health workers run out of masks, we just tell the public just to not use masks and then we'll have enough for the health workers. And Bright was like, that makes no sense. That makes no sense. And lo and behold, there was a shortage among American health workers, and China was having its own health surge, so they were going to be helping us out, and it was chaos. And so, a lot of those messages about telling the public don't wear a mask was don't wear a mask, the healthcare workers need them, and we need to make sure they have enough. And if you think about that, there's a problem there.Carl Zimmer (32:51):Yeah, fine. Why don't the healthcare workers have their own independent supply of masks? And then we can sort of address the question, do masks work in the general community? Which is a legitimate scientific question. I know there are people who are say, oh, masks don't work. There's plenty of studies that show that they can reduce risk. But unfortunately, you actually had people like Fauci himself who were saying like, oh, you might see people wearing masks in other countries. I wouldn't do it. And then just a few weeks later when it was really clear just how bad things were getting, he turns around and says, people should wear masks. But Jerome Adams, who you mentioned, Surgeon General, he gets on TV and he's trying to wrap a cloth around his face and saying, look, you can make your own mask. And it was not ideal, shall we say?Eric Topol (33:55):Oh, no. It just led to mass confusion and the anti-science people were having just a field day for them to say that these are nincompoops. And it just really, when you look back, it's sad. Now, I didn't realize the history of the N95 speaking of healthcare workers and fitted masks, and that was back with the fashion from the bra. I mean, can you tell us about that? That's pretty interesting.Carl Zimmer (34:24):Yeah. Yeah, it's a fascinating story. So there was a woman who was working for 3M. She was consulting with them on just making new products, and she really liked the technology they used for making these sort of gift ribbons and sort of blown-fiber. And she's like, wow, you should think about other stuff. How about a bra? And so, they actually went forward with this sort of sprayed polyester fiber bra, which was getting much nicer than the kind of medieval stuff that women had to put up with before then. And then she's at the same time spending a lot of time in hospitals because a lot of her family was sick with various ailments, and she was looking at these doctors and nurses who were wearing masks, which just weren't fitting them very well. And she thought, wait a minute, you could take a bra cup and just basically fit it on people's faces.Carl Zimmer (35:29):She goes to 3M and is like, hey, what about this? And they're like, hmm, interesting. And at first it didn't seem actually like it worked well against viruses and other pathogens, but it was good on dust. So it started showing up in hardware stores in the 70s, and then there were further experiments that basically figured showed you could essentially kind of amazingly give the material a little static charge. And that was good enough that then if you put it on, it traps droplets that contain viruses and doesn't let them through. So N95s are a really good way to keep viruses from coming into your mouth or going out.Eric Topol (36:14):Yeah. Well, I mean it's striking too, because in the beginning, as you said, when there finally was some consensus that masks could help, there wasn't differentiation between cotton masks, surgical masks, KN95s. And so, all this added to the mix of ambiguity and confusion. So we get to the point finally that we understand the transmission. It took way too long. And that kind of tells the Covid story. And towards the end of the book, you're back at the Skagit Valley Chorale. It's a full circle, just amazing story. Now, it also brings up all lessons that we've learned and where we're headed with this whole knowledge of the aerobiome, which is fascinating. I didn't know that we breathe 2000 to 3000 gallons a day of air, each of us.Every Breath We TakeEric Topol (37:11):Wow, I didn't know. Well, of course, air is a vector for disease. And of course, going back to the Wells, the famous Wells that have been, you've brought them back to light about how we're aerial oysters. So these things in the air, which we're going to get to the California fires, for example, they travel a long ways. Right? We're not talking about six feet here. We're talking about, can you tell us a bit about that?Carl Zimmer (37:42):Well, yeah. So we are releasing living things into the air with every breath, but we're not the only ones. So I'm looking at you and I see beyond you the ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Every time those waves crash down on the surf, it's spewing up vast numbers of tiny droplets, kind of like the ocean's own lungs, spraying up droplets, some of which have bacteria and viruses and other living things. And those go up in the air. The wind catches them, and they blow around. Some of them go very, very high, many, many miles. Some of them go into the clouds and they do blow all over the place. And so, science is really starting to come into its own of studying the planetary wide pattern of the flow of life, not just for oceans, but from the ground, things come out of the ground all of the time. The soil is rich with microbes, and those are rising up. Of course, there's plants, we are familiar with plants having pollen, but plants themselves are also slathered in fungi and other organisms. They shed those into the air as well. And so, you just have this tremendous swirl of life that how high it can go, nobody's quite sure. They can certainly go up maybe 12 miles, some expeditions, rocket emissions have claimed to find them 40 miles in the air.Carl Zimmer (39:31):It's not clear, but we're talking 10, 20, 30 miles up is where all this life gets. So people call this the aerobiome, and we're living in it. It's like we're in an ocean and we're breathing in that ocean. And so, you are breathing in some of those organisms literally with every breath.Eric Topol (39:50):Yeah, no, it's extraordinary. I mean, it really widens, the book takes us so much more broad than the narrow world of Covid and how that got all off track and gives us the big picture. One of the things that happened more recently post Covid was finally in the US there was the commitment to make buildings safer. That is adopting the principles of ventilation filtration. And I wonder if you could comment at that. And also, do you use your CO2 monitor that you mentioned early in the book? Because a lot of people haven't gotten onto the CO2 monitor.Carl Zimmer (40:33):So yes, I do have a CO2 monitor. It's in the other room. And I take it with me partly to protect my own health, but also partly out of curiosity because carbon dioxide (CO2) in the room is actually a pretty good way of figuring out how much ventilation there is in the room and what your potential risk is of getting sick if someone is breathing out Covid or some other airborne disease. They're not that expensive and they're not that big. And taking them on planes is particularly illuminating. It's just incredible just how high the carbon dioxide rate goes up when you're sitting on the plane, they've closed the doors, you haven't taken off yet, shoots way up. Once again, the air and the filter system starts up, it starts going down, which is good, but then you land and back up again. But in terms of when we're not flying, we're spending a lot of our time indoors. Yeah, so you used the word commitment to describe quality standards.Eric Topol (41:38):What's missing is the money and the action, right?Carl Zimmer (41:42):I think, yeah. I think commitment is putting it a little strongly.Eric Topol (41:45):Yeah. Sorry.Carl Zimmer (41:45):Biden administration is setting targets. They're encouraging that that people meet certain targets. And those people you mentioned like Joe Allen at Harvard have actually been putting together standards like saying, okay, let's say that when you build a new school or a new building, let's say that you make sure that you don't get carbon dioxide readings above this rate. Let's try to get 14 liters per second per person of ventilated fresh air. And they're actually going further. They've actually said, now we think this should be law. We think these should be government mandates. We have government mandates for clean water. We have government mandates for clean food. We don't just say, it'd be nice if your bottled water didn't have cholera on it in it. We'll make a little prize. Who's got the least cholera in their water? We don't do that. We don't expect that. We expect more. We expect when you get the water or if you get anything, you expect it to be clean and you expect people to be following the law. So what Joseph Allen, Lidia Morawska, Linsey Marr and others are saying is like, okay, let's have a law.Eric Topol (43:13):Yeah. No, and I think that distinction, I've interviewed Joe Allen and Linsey Marr on Ground Truths, and they've made these points. And we need the commitment, I should say, we need the law because otherwise it's a good idea that doesn't get actualized. And we know how much keeping ventilation would make schools safer.Carl Zimmer (43:35):Just to jump in for a second, just to circle back to William and Mildred Wells, none of what I just said is new. William and Mildred Wells were saying over and over again in speeches they gave, in letters they wrote to friends they were like, we've had this incredible revolution in the early 1900s of getting clean water and clean food. Why don't we have clean air yet? We deserve clean air. Everyone deserves clean air. And so, really all that people like Linsey Marr and Joseph Allen and others are doing is trying to finally deliver on that call almost a century later.Eric Topol (44:17):Yeah, totally. That's amazing how it's taken all this time and how much disease and morbidity even death could have been prevented. Before I ask about planning for the future, I do want to get your comments about the dirty air with the particulate matter less than 2.5 particles and what we're seeing now with wildfires, of course in Los Angeles, but obviously they're just part of what we're seeing in many parts of the world and what that does, what carries so the dirty air, but also what we're now seeing with the crisis of climate change.Carl Zimmer (45:01):So if you inhale smoke from a wildfire, it's not going to start growing inside of you, but those particles are going to cause a lot of damage. They're going to cause a lot of inflammation. They can cause not just lung damage, but they can potentially cause a bunch of other medical issues. And unfortunately, climate change plus the increasing urbanization of these kinds of environments, like in Southern California where fires, it's a fire ecology already. That is going to be a recipe for more smoke in the air. We will be, unfortunately, seeing more fire. Here in the Northeast, we were dealing with really awful smoke coming all the way from Canada. So this is not a problem that respects borders. And even if there were no wildfires, we still have a huge global, terrible problem with particulate matter coming from cars and coal fire power plants and so on. Several million people, their lives are cut short every year, just day in, day out. And you can see pictures in places like Delhi and India and so on. But there are lots of avoidable deaths in the United States as well, because we're starting to realize that even what we thought were nice low levels of air pollution probably are still killing more people than we realized.Eric Topol (46:53):Yeah, I mean, just this week in Nature is a feature on how this dirty air pollution, the urbanization that's leading to brain damage, Alzheimer's, but also as you pointed out, it increases everything, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, various cancers. I mean, it's just bad news.Carl Zimmer (47:15):And one way in which the aerobiome intersects with what we're talking about is that those little particles floating around, things can live on them and certain species can ride along on these little particles of pollution and then we inhale them. And there's some studies that seem to suggest that maybe pathogens are really benefiting from riding around on these. And also, the wildfire smoke is not just lofting, just bits of dead plant matter into the air. It's lofting vast numbers of bacteria and fungal spores into the air as well. And then those blow very, very far away. It's possible that long distance winds can deliver fungal spores and other microorganisms that can actually cause certain diseases, this Kawasaki disease or Valley fever and so on. Yeah, so everything we're doing is influencing the aerobiome. We're changing the world in so many ways. We're also changing the aerobiome.Eric Topol (48:30):Yeah. And to your point, there were several reports during the pandemic that air pollution potentiated SARS-CoV-2 infections because of that point that you're making that is as a carrier.Carl Zimmer (48:46):Well, I've seen some of those studies and it wasn't clear to me. I'm not sure that SARS-CoV-2 can really survive like long distances outdoors. But it may be that, it kind of weakens people and also sets up their lungs for a serious disease. I'm not as familiar with that research as I'd like to be.Eric Topol (49:11):Yeah, no, it could just be that because they have more inflammation of their lungs that they're just more sensitive to when they get the infection. But there seems like you said, to be some interactions between pathogens and polluted air. I don't know that we want to get into germ warfare because that's whole another topic, but you cover that well, it's very scary stuff.Carl Zimmer (49:37):It's the dark side of aerobiology.Eric Topol (49:39):Oh my gosh, yes. And then the last thing I wanted just to get into is, if we took this all seriously and learned, which we don't seem to do that well in some respects, wouldn't we change the way, for example, the way our cities, the way we increase our world of plants and vegetation, rather than just basically take it all down. What can we do in the future to make our ecosystem with air a healthier one?Carl Zimmer (50:17):I think that's a really important question. And it sounds odd, but that's only because it's unfamiliar. And even after all this time and after the rediscovery of a lot of scientists who had been long forgotten, there's still a lot we don't know. So there is suggestive research that when we breathe in air that's blowing over vegetation, forest and so on. That's actually in some ways good for our health. We do have a relationship with the air, and we've had it ever since our ancestors came out the water and started breathing with their lungs. And so, our immune systems may be tuned to not breathing in sterile air, but we don't understand the relationship. And so, I can't say like, oh, well, here's the prescription. We need to be doing this. We don't know.Eric Topol (51:21):Yeah. No, it's fascinating.Carl Zimmer (51:23):We should find out. And there are a few studies going on, but not many I would have to say. And the thing goes for how do we protect indoor spaces and so on? Well, we kind of have an idea of how airborne Covid is. Influenza, we're not that sure and there are lots of other diseases that we just don't know. And you certainly, if a disease is not traveling through the air at all, you don't want to take these measures. But we need to understand they're spread more and it's still very difficult to study these things.Eric Topol (52:00):Yeah, such a great point. Now before we wrap up, is there anything that you want to highlight that I haven't touched on in this amazing book?Carl Zimmer (52:14):I hope that when people read it, they sort of see that science is a messy process and there aren't that many clear villains and good guys in the sense that there can be people who are totally, almost insanely wrong in hindsight about some things and are brilliant visionaries in other ways. And one figure that I learned about was Max von Pettenkofer, who really did the research behind those carbon dioxide meters. He figured out in the mid-1800s that you could figure out the ventilation in a room by looking at the carbon dioxide. We call it the Pettenkofer number, how much CO2 is in the room. Visionary guy also totally refused to believe in the germ theory of disease. He shot it tooth in the nail even. He tried to convince people that cholera was airborne, and he did it. He took a vial. He was an old man. He took a vial full of cholera. The bacteria that caused cholera drank it down to prove his point. He didn't feel well afterwards, but he survived. And he said, that's proof. So this history of science is not the simple story that we imagine it to be.Eric Topol (53:32):Yeah. Well, congratulations. This was a tour de force. You had to put in a lot of work to pull this all together, and you're enlightening us about air like never before. So thanks so much for joining, Carl.Carl Zimmer (53:46):It was a real pleasure. Thanks for having me.**********************************************Thanks for listening, watching or reading Ground Truths. Your subscription is greatly appreciated.If you found this podcast interesting please share it!That makes the work involved in putting these together especially worthwhile.All content on Ground Truths—newsletters, analyses, and podcasts—is free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. And such support is becoming more vital In light of current changes of funding by US biomedical research at NIH and other governmental agencies. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

We continue our season-long analysis of Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers with its second track "N95." Kendrick critiques the various masks we wear to fabricate our identities in our performance of self on the world's stage. New episodes of Dissect release every Tuesday. Shop Dissect S13 Merch. Follow Dissect on Instagram, Twitter, or TikTok. Host/Writer/EP: Cole Cuchna Video/Audio Production: Kevin Pooler Additional Production: Justin Sayles Theme Music: Birocratic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Watch The X22 Report On Video No videos found Click On Picture To See Larger Picture The [DS][CB] are trying to blame Trump for the inflation, they are using the price of eggs, but the narrative is falling apart. The [CB] is beginning the narrative of pushing back against Trumps rate cuts, if they keep the rates high and Trump brings inflation down with lowering oil the Fed is screwed, if they lower the rates and try to crash the economy they are screwed. Gold in the end will destroy the Fed. The [DS] is on life support. The [WEF] is trying to figure out a way to control the flow of information. Trump let us know that we have more work ahead of us, which means more winning. Scavino sends a message that we are witnessing the destruction of the old guard and the people are taking back the country. Trump let's us know that there is bright light above the US, Dark to Light.   (function(w,d,s,i){w.ldAdInit=w.ldAdInit||[];w.ldAdInit.push({slot:13499335648425062,size:[0, 0],id:"ld-7164-1323"});if(!d.getElementById(i)){var j=d.createElement(s),p=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];j.async=true;j.src="//cdn2.customads.co/_js/ajs.js";j.id=i;p.parentNode.insertBefore(j,p);}})(window,document,"script","ld-ajs"); Economy https://twitter.com/JSADallas/status/1883875999810818194 https://twitter.com/QuintenFrancois/status/1883210659615166949 Federal Reserve expected to stand pat on rates even as Trump demands cuts   The Federal Reserve is nearly certain to keep its key interest rate unchanged at its policy meeting this week, just a few days after President Donald Trump said he would soon demand lower rates. Vincent Reinhart, chief economist at BNY Investments and a former top economist at the Fed, said Powell won't let Trump's attacks affect his policy decisions.  Fed officials have clearly signaled they expect to skip a rate hike, at least in January, to evaluate the job market and economy. Some officials, including Beth Hammack, president of the Fed's Cleveland branch, have argued that the persistence of inflation means the Fed should keep its key rate elevated. Hammack voted against the Fed's quarter-point cut last month. Most economists forecast that widepread tariffs will likely lift inflation by roughly several-tenths of a percentage point — not a large amount, but potentially enough for the Fed to postpone rate cuts. It could take months for the tariffs to be formally imposed and then to evaluate their impact on the economy. Some economists don't think the impact will be apparent until next year. Source: yahoonews.com   Political/Rights https://twitter.com/KeenanPeachy/status/1883716202113179720   henchman. He's the one who imposed the mandatory EPA removal on everyone. Disgraced Mayor Karen Bass Caves to Trump's Demands After Public Rebuke — Parts of Palisades Set for Immediate Reopening  Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass has caved into President Donald Trump's demands, allowing Pacific Palisades to reopen immediately. This decision comes after Trump's vociferous and humiliating public rebuke, exposing a deep-seated weakness within Bass's administration. In the aftermath of the devastating Palisades Fire, President Donald Trump visited Pacific Palisades to survey the damage and meet with local officials.  “Know the risks. Follow public health guidelines: wear a N95 mask and use personal protective equipment,” she added. https://twitter.com/MayorOfLA/status/1883683513892790435?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1883683513892790435%7Ctwgr%5E5a48a1e1369eac719a179ed6f9e115bb87988514%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegatewaypundit.com%2F2025%2F01%2Fdisgraced-mayor-karen-bass-caves-trumps-demands-after%2F https://twitter.com/LibertyValkyrie/status/1883765280536678618     Source: thegatewaypundit.com https://twitter.

California Wildfires | Episode 334 The Palisades wildfire has drawn significant attention as it rages through the iconic hills of California. Its impact serves as a stark reminder of the challenges wildfires pose, particularly in densely populated and environmentally sensitive areas. Facts About the Palisades Fire Located in a region known for its rugged terrain and high-value real estate, the Palisades fire began recently, with investigations pointing to possible human causes, including arson. The blaze has prompted evacuations, destroyed property, and severely impacted air quality. Firefighters face significant challenges containing the fire due to steep hills and dense vegetation. Preparedness Tips for Wildfire Season This fire underscores the importance of wildfire readiness. Evacuation protocols like the “ready, set, go” system can save lives. Prepping a go-bag with essentials such as N95 masks, fire blankets, and water is critical. Homeowners in fire-prone areas should focus on defensible spaces, ember-resistant vents, and fire-retardant coatings to reduce risk. Conspiracy Theories Circulating About the Fire As with many significant events, conspiracy theories have emerged. Some suggest the fire was intentionally set to devalue land for real estate speculation, while others believe it might be a cover-up for hidden activities in the area. Claims of media suppression regarding the fire's cause also persist, though there's no evidence to support such theories. Broader Implications The Palisades fire is part of a troubling trend of increasing wildfire frequency and intensity in California. It highlights the need for improved prevention strategies, such as better forest management, stricter building codes, and more robust emergency responses. For preppers, it's a reminder to stay vigilant and prepared, as disasters can strike unexpectedly. This episode explores what the Palisades fire teaches us about surviving and thriving in the face of growing wildfire threats.

Today on AirTalk, we'll cover the Red Flag Warning still in effect for LA and Ventura counties and what that means. We're giving updates on everything we know thus far about how the fires started. Will your N95 mask from Covid protect you from the toxins in the air from the L.A. wildfires? Experts weigh in. LA District Attorney Nathan Hochman discusses looting as firefighters get a handle on the spread of the fires. We want to hear from you about the acts of kindness that you have experienced during this crisis. Today on AirTalk: Red Flag Warning for LA and Ventura counties (0:15) Wildfire investigation (22:23) Air quality update (34:06) LA District Attorney Nathan Hochman on looting (51:54) Acts of kindness during the fires (1:19:36)

Send us a textThe recent wildfires in Los Angeles have devastated communities, including many artists who have lost their homes, studios, and livelihoods. These creators need our support now more than ever.Here's how you can help:Donate to relief funds: Organizations like the California Arts Council, CERF+ (Craft Emergency Relief Fund), and local wildfire relief efforts are providing crucial aid to artists in need. https://cerfplus.org/ Adolph & Esther Gottlieb Foundation Emergency Grant Artists' Fellowship One-Time Emergency AidFoundation for Contemporary Arts Emergency GrantMutual Aid Resources For artists who need art supplies, and places to work here are some additional resourcesSuperchief Gallery is hosting an art supplies drive at their Chinatown gallery, contact  celina@thecelinarodriguez.com.for more infoThinkspace Projects is collecting supplies to donate to Red Cross LA and is also distributing N95 masks at their gallery spaceChinatown bookstore and gallery The Fulcrum Press is offering its space to those in need of internet, electricity to charge devices, filtered air, and space to store belongings. Reach out to them on Instagram to coordinate.Purchase their work: Many artists are selling their remaining pieces or creating new works to rebuild. Supporting them directly can make a significant impact.Share their stories: Spread the word about artists in need through social media to connect them with resources and buyers.Together, we can help these artists recover and continue to share their creative gifts with the world. Visit our website or social media for links to trusted resources.Let's come together to support our artistic community.Check out Skye's and Catherine's work at:Skye Becker-Yamakawa IG: https://www.instagram.com/skyesartshop/ Web: http://www.skyesart.com/ Catherine Moore IG: https://www.instagram.com/teaandcanvas/ Web: http://teaandcanvas.com/ Polka Dot Raven IG: https://www.instagram.com/polkadotraven/

The stomach virus, COVID, cold, flu, RSV and whooping cough are going around. We're in the thick of germ season. Dr. Vickie Petz Kasper tells you the truth about how germs spread and how you can stay well and avoid catching them.  Tis the season to be coughing, catching all the germs and getting sick.  Whew, there really is a lot going around right now. So how can you keep from getting sick?  You've probably heard that the stomach bug is going around. The most common cause is the Norovirus. And January is typically flu and RSV season, and COVID levels are high. All three are increasing and this is not unexpected. Why is that? Well, because of all the travel and family gatherings, the number of people you are in close contact with on a daily basis usually consists of your immediate family, friends, and co workers. But over the river and through the woods, all those germs are coming to gather at Grandmother's house to spread like wildfire.   In this special edition episode, we're going to talk about how these six infections spread and what you can do to prevent it. But first, we need to go to mini medical school and learn about viruses and bacteria.  Pop quiz! Of the six diseases I mentioned, all but one is a virus. Do you know which one is caused by a bacteria? Norovirus, the common cold, flu, RSV, whooping cough, or COVID. Not sure? Well, listen close. I'll tell you as we review each one. But first, some basics. What is a virus? Well, it's a fragment of genetic information like DNA or RNA, and it's inside this protective shell that's called a capsid. And a lot of them look like a ball with these spiky things on it. They don't have any cells, and they're tiny. Their goal is to perpetuate, and they need a host to reproduce. And humans, well, we're so hospitable. We work great. First they attach to their host, and then they enter the host, and then they start replicating inside the host. Then they assemble more viral particles and whoosh, release them. And that, my friends, is a very, very brief overview and simplistic overview of how they make you sick.   One more thing. If you have a viral infection, an antibiotic will not do one frazzling bit of good. And that's what it says in all the medical textbooks, "Not one frazzling bit of good." And I know you want an antibiotic because you've got a lot of things to do and you want to get well fast. If you go to urgent care, you can probably snag a Z Pak pretty easily. But, if you have a viral infection, it won't do one frazzling bit of good. Now, why am I so passionate about that? I'll get to it in a sec, but let's first talk about bacteria. They're different. Bacteria are also tiny, but they have a single living cell. Some bacteria are actually good, and they keep you healthy.  And that's why taking an antibiotic when you don't need one is bad for you. Because if you kill off all the bacteria in your gut, that upsets the gut microbiome  for a long, long time. And what happens in the gut microbiome? Well, that's where neurotransmitters are made and where the immune system is regulated. I have some links in the show notes from previous episodes if you want to learn more about how the gut actually affects your brain and your mood.  Now, on the other hand, if you do have a bacterial infection, you need an antibiotic. Okay? Got it? Antibiotics are for bacteria, not viruses. Let's move on, starting with the stomach bug, which really isn't a bug at all. And I bet you already guessed that the stomach virus is caused by one of those spiky little pieces of genetic material that needs you to be its host.  The most common cause of the stomach virus is the Norovirus, and this one spreads easily, so it's super contagious. People with Norovirus infection can shed billions of invisible viral particles. That's billions, but it only takes a few to make you sick. And it doesn't really seem fair to stack the deck that way, especially since the end result is diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps, and possibly headache, body aches, and fever. You get it from sick people, contaminated food or water, and surfaces. Now that last one's really important, and that's the reason that I always, always use the little wipes. to wipe down the handlebar of the grocery cart and I wash my hands as soon as I can.  And once you're exposed to the Norovirus, it takes about 12 to 48 hours to get sick. So it usually makes the runs through the household pretty quickly. You can get infected with Norovirus by ingesting little bitty tiny pieces of feces or vomit from an infected person. Yeah, mom and dad. That's why you're at risk when little Johnny brings this home from school. All that barehanded cleaning and caring for your sick splattering little one puts you at risk for going down for the count, too. Your biggest defense is wash your hands. with soap and water. Wash them often, and wash them good. And keep your hands out of your mouth, eyes, and nose.  This virus grows really nicely in big Petri dishes, otherwise known as cruise ships. And that's why they installed 974 hand sanitizer stations right in front of the food troughs. Hand sanitizer doesn't really work that great for this particular virus. Turns out good old fashioned hand washing is much better. So, maybe that cart wiping isn't doing much good, but it certainly won't hurt. Anyway, be careful what you touch and keep it out of your mouth and nose, and wash your hands. Now let's move on to the common cold. Quick question, virus or bacteria? You got it. Virus. Specifically the rhino virus. And remember, rhino means nose  and it's also a type of Corona virus.  That's right. Corona virus first identified in the 1960s and effectively killed by Lysol. Says it right there on the label.  Next question. If the common cold is caused by a virus, will an antibiotic help you recover faster? Nope. Can it hurt?  I hope you said yes, and if not, go ahead and hit rewind. The symptoms of a cold usually last less than a week, but can last up to two weeks. And they include runny, stuffy nose, headache, body aches, sore throat, fever, coughing, and sneezing. There's a link in the show notes on how to differentiate a cold from allergies. Different viruses are spread in different ways. The common cold is spread through droplets from an infected person and they find you when that person coughs or sneezes. You can breathe them in or you can get infected by touching a contaminated surface then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. That's why it's recommended that you cough or sneeze into your elbow. Because if you cover your mouth and nose with your hands and then shake hands or touch something or a surface, then the virus uses that as an opportunity to hitch a ride onto someone else's hands. Then, if they touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, they're infected. So wash your hands and keep them out of your mouth, eyes, and nose.   Another virus that spreads by droplets is influenza. These droplets are spread when people with flu cough, sneeze, or even talk. You can also get it from touching surfaces than touching your mouth, nose, or eyes, but that's actually less common. Most of the time you catch it directly from another person. These little viral particles are within droplets that land right in your mouth or nose. And, relatively speaking, these droplets are kind of big. They're greater than 5 microns in diameter, so they don't really travel far because gravity just pulls them to the ground within about 3 feet. Now, once you're exposed, the virus goes to work pretty quickly and you typically get sick a couple of days later. Now, flu season is definitely upon us and it's spreading. When I was young, my mom had the flu and she said, She thought she was going to die and kind of hoped she would. Now personally, I don't ever recall having the flu. But it's serious. It can be fatal. And there are lots of different types of flu, and some cause more severe illness than others. So far this year, there have been 9 pediatric deaths, and it's early in the season. 3. 1 million cases of flu have been reported, resulting in 37, 000 hospitalizations and 15, 000 deaths. According to the CDC, flu is on the rise.  How do they know? Let's take a look at how the data is collected because it might surprise you.  They look at emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and the number of tests done for certain diseases and the percent positivity. And there are benchmarks for those. But that wouldn't really give us a total picture, would it? Because some people don't go to the doctor or the hospital.  Want to know a secret?   They're looking at your poop. No, not yours individually, but collectively. They study wastewater and test feces for these viruses. I mean, it's kind of brilliant, albeit really gross.  They even have a poop dashboard. Of course, they have a more sanitized named for it. It's a Wastewater data. There's a link in the show notes if you're interested or if you don't believe me. And honestly, it's pretty fascinating if you're ready to geek out. I just wonder if they advertise on LinkedIn, looking for a CPA, a chief poop analyst. Qualifications must understand virology, statistics, and have a high tolerance for gross things. And maybe they got the idea from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Who knows? Okay, enough of that.  Now we call influenza flu for short and moving on, we call respiratory Syntcial virus, RSV for short. And the normal RSV season is late fall to winter, though that, again was thrown out with a lot of other things during the pandemic.  Wanna guess how it spreads? Just like the flu and the common cold, RSV spreads through droplets. You already knew it was a virus, I mean, it's right there in the title. But, it's the same old viral tactic. Somebody who's infected coughs or sneezes, the droplet travels the short distance between you, and  you breathe it in. This virus can survive on hard surfaces like door handles and tables for many hours. So, if you touch it and introduce it into your mouth, nose, or eyes, It can spread that way. It can also live on your hands or a used tissue, but not for very long. So what should you do?  That's right. Wash your hands and don't touch your face. Now, this is important. RSV can infect anyone at any age and more than once in their lifetime. In fact, nearly everyone gets it before their second birthday. But here's the deal. Babies can get really sick from it. And you can give it to them by kissing their face. So yeah, Grandma, this is one reason that new moms tell you, Don't kiss my baby. The other is the herpes virus, which causes fever blisters, but it can be fatal to newborns.  RSV can cause severe illness, hospitalization, pneumonia, and death in older adults too. So if you're sick, stay at home. Seriously, don't share your germs. When it comes to respiratory viruses, clean air also helps. That means HEPA filters for indoor air, or if you live in the South, you can probably open some windows except maybe those 13 or so days when we get bitter cold and ice. Anyway, just wash your hands and cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, spray the Lysol, keep your distance, wipe down the surfaces. There's just not a lot of variety in these recommendations and following them just might protect a vulnerable little baby or a precious elderly grandma. And that logically helps me segue to COVID. You knew we were going to talk about COVID, didn't you? Transmission rates are really high right now. And here's a test I bet you'll ace. Is COVID a bacteria or a virus?  Bingo. Let's go a step further. COVID 19 is a coronavirus. And remember, there are lots of different kinds, but there is something very unique about COVID, and that is how it's spread. And hopefully you already know this, but let me remind you that COVID 19 is not spread the same way as the common cold, RSV, or the flu. And this is one of the things that made it so scary and dangerous. You see, COVID is airborne. Instead of hanging out in big heavy droplets that fall quickly to the floor, it floats along through the air. So you can literally get it from someone who isn't even in the same room with you. Think about a small bathroom where someone has coughed and then you go in, breathe in the little viral demons and get sick. It even traveled through ventilation systems in heavily populated apartment complexes. For the most part, the COVID virus spreads among people who are nearby. Basically, talking distance, coughing, sneezing, singing, and even breathing distance. And the louder you talk or sing, the further these little particles travel. We call it aerosolization.  I mean, think about hairspray in an aerosol can. You spray it, it gets on your jewelry, the mirror, your glasses, your husband comes in and starts fanning the air. Except these particles aren't big enough to declare their presence floating in the air.  Depending on the ventilation, airborne diseases can travel more than six feet and hang around for hours floating in the air.  Fortunately, there are not a lot of airborne diseases, but there are a few, like tuberculosis and measles. which is also on the rise and will likely continue to increase.   Remember when we didn't know how COVID was spread? I traveled to my daughter's during that time to see my grandbaby and drove eight hours without stopping to eat and only once to get gas and go to the bathroom. I wore gloves and an N95.  I never got into washing my groceries but I did wear an N95 a lot plus I worked in a hospital so there's that. Now you can touch a contaminated surface and get COVID through your eyes, mouth, and nose. So do the drill. Wash your hands. Don't touch your face. But it's that airborne aspect that made it different. Besides the fact that it was a novel coronavirus and we just didn't have any immunity.   The pandemic highlighted the need for America to get healthy too. Obesity was associated with poorer outcomes. And now we have GLP 1 agonists, which are helping people control obesity because it's so much more than willpower and determination. I put a link in the show notes about GLP 1 agonist and obesity, but listen, we still need to be physically active and eat whole food.  Now, we've talked about five viruses, Norovirus, rhinovirus that causes the common cold, influenza, RSV, and COVID, but what about whooping cough? Virus or bacteria?  You guessed it, whooping cough is caused by Pertussis Bordetella. And this bacteria is very contagious. It spreads easily through the air when someone coughs. And boy, do they cough. Sounds like a big wheeze before this violent coughing fit and a shower of germs. It lasts a long time and people are contagious for two weeks. And that cough can linger for months. You may be wondering, if it's a bacteria, should you take an antibiotic? And the answer is yes. But, for this one, you've got to take them early.  Not everyone gets that classic whoop. that gives it its name. Some people just get a little tickle and a cough and maybe they don't even know they're sick or their doctor tells them they have bronchitis or a sinus infection. And those are the ones you've got to watch out for because they can spread it. And like RSV in babies, it can be life threatening. Babies don't cough, they quit breathing. And one third of infants less than one year old who get whooping cough require hospitalization. Wow, that's serious. And that is why, when I was practicing obstetrics, I always recommended that my pregnant patients and everyone who was going to be around the newborn get a booster shot called Tdap. It stands for tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis. Now let me stop right there. And I want you to hear me.  I really wanted to do this episode because promoting health is the whole goal of this podcast. I want to give you information, motivation, inspiration. to take measures to protect and improve your health. When it comes to seasonal illnesses, it's important to have a good baseline health and a strong immune system. That means a healthy gut microbiome, a healthy weight, and controlling risk factors like diabetes and hypertension.  I really care about you and I have no intention of wading into controversial waters.  So, if you have strong emotions when it comes to vaccines, Push stop on this podcast. But I really do care about you and I'm gonna keep this part really short. But if you want to have a further discussion about vaccines, I will literally schedule a call with you. Just email me, DrVickie@healthylooksgreatonyou.com and we can talk about it. Please don't send me hate mail, but if you do, I'll respond with love and grace  because I don't want this information which is rooted in solid science, evidence, research, medicine, and statistics to interfere with our relationship.  I'm not asking you to respect my opinion or anyone else's because this is not about opinion and it's not about respect.  But you see, that is something that changed with the pandemic. Distrust was sown  and maybe deserved. Maybe there was something nefarious, but there was also a lot we just didn't know. And as we learned and we learned quickly, things changed. Anyway, talk to your doctor is the best advice I can give you.  I remember when the chicken pox vaccine came out, my son was two years old and he had asthma. And I was a little leery because it was a new vaccine. I talked to my pediatrician and he advised giving it. Two years later, my son's preschool had to shut down because every single kid had chicken pox. Except my one little vaccinated boy. They even had to cancel preschool graduation because yeah, that's a thing. Instead of telling you what I do or what I know or how I feel, let me preface all of this by saying I've been a medical doctor for three decades. I was chief medical officer of a hospital for seven years, including the pandemic years, and I know what I saw firsthand. I do a lot of research from reputable sources for each podcast episode. So if you trust me, keep listening, but again, if you have strong feelings, now is the time to stop listening and you can tune back in next week. We'll pick up on the dementia series and talk about things we can agree on. I mean, we don't all have to agree on everything to be friends, do we?   Okay, I already told you that I recommended that all my pregnant patients get Get Tdap to protect their babies, and this is based on recommendations from the CDC, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, all reputable organizations. They also recommend the flu shot. Now, vaccine reactions are real. but they're rare. I don't personally know of a pediatrician who does not vaccinate their children. They see firsthand what these infectious diseases can do.  Now, I'll admit doctors have various opinions because they have various perspectives and we call that bias. Think about it. If a doctor only works in an outpatient clinic, they may have tons of experience treating some infection and what they do supports their beliefs.  But they don't know what goes on in the emergency room or the hospital. And the doctors that do have a different bias. And this was especially true during COVID.  There were a lot of sayings that went around during COVID, like, what about the obesity epidemic? Why are we not talking about that? And I think we should be talking about it. Or what happened to the flu? Did it suddenly disappear? Well, it turns out that social distancing, washing your hands, wearing a mask, avoiding crowded places prevents the flu too. It's recommended that everyone over the age of 6 months get a flu shot.  And if you're concerned about mercury or thimerosal, you'll be glad to know that single use vials of the flu shot don't contain any and haven't in many, many years. Now, remember I told you that I've never had the flu? You see, after my mom had it, she made sure we were vaccinated every year. And I continue to get the flu shot every year. I gave it to my kids every year. It is a killed virus. And you cannot get the flu from the flu shot. And yes, I know, you may have gotten the flu shot and then gotten the flu. And there's several reasons for that. Number one, the vaccine typically is only between 40 and 50 percent effective. Number two, it takes a couple of weeks before it works, and you might have gotten exposed to the flu right before you got the vaccine or right after before your immunity kicked in. You may also get the flu right after you drink a Coke.  That doesn't mean the aluminum can caused it, and I'm sorry if that was a little snarky, but correlation does not equal causation, and that's super important when you're looking at data rather than anecdotal experiences.   I remember how excited we were at the hospital when the COVID vaccine was delivered. I even took a video on my phone. It made a huge difference in the death rate we were seeing. And as soon as it was available, I got the COVID vaccine and all the boosters until the virus mutated enough to not really cause severe disease in most healthy people. I would still get it if it prevented COVID. But unlike what we thought at first, the COVID vaccine does not prevent COVID or the spread of COVID, just the severity of the disease, hospitalization, and death.  Not that that's not important.  The RSV vaccine is recommended for people age 60 and over. And there is a form of it that's available for newborns who are at risk.  Again, Tdap is recommended for pregnant women during every pregnancy and for anyone who's going to care for the baby.  Vaccines in pregnancy, like flu and Tdap, are given later so that those maternal antibodies can help protect the baby when they're too young to be vaccinated.   I know, attitudes have really shifted about vaccines. I remember when I was in the second grade, they lined us up at school and shot us in the arm with the same air gun to vaccinate us against smallpox. Remember smallpox? That disease has literally been eradicated from the face of the earth by vaccines. We all got it at school, and I'm not even sure our parents knew we were going to get it, but my mom is an ardent supporter of vaccines. Wanna know why? In a word, surely. You see, she had a cousin who was in an iron lung at the age of 17 from polio. It was a dreaded disease and the vaccine was a huge victory against this debilitating illness.   I guess people have a reason for believing what they believe. If you've seen devastation from an illness or from a vaccine, you're gonna have strong feelings and rightfully so. I've seen what I've seen and you've seen what you've seen. So, please send me an email if you want to continue the conversation. But I think we can all agree, keep your germs to yourself, wash your hands, get some fresh air, don't touch your face, and stay healthy. Because healthy looks great on you.        The information contained in this podcast is for educational purposes only and is not considered to be a substitute for medical advice. You should continue to follow up with your physician or health care provider and take medication as prescribed. Though the information in this podcast is evidence based, new research may develop and recommendations may change. RESOURCES: Is it allergies? Weight loss injections What causes obesity? Gut Health, food and mood Wastewater dashboard Email me        

In today's episode of Specimen the Sociologist, titled "N95," we explore Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory, which examines how we, as individuals, take on curated roles to navigate the complexities of social interactions. Goffman's insights reveal that much of our behavior is a performance, shaped by societal expectations. By the end of this episode, we hope to inspire you to question the roles you've adopted and remove the "mask" that may be hiding your most authentic self. Artist spotlight | IG: Kylamaeo Want to sow into the vision of this podcast! Donate here.

Tanner got Razinon sick because he refused to wear his N95 mask in Discord so the guys answer some Call of Duty questions from the community. 00:00:00 - Intro 00:04:03 - Answering questions 00:39:24 - Sponsored by us 00:40:26 - Answering questions contd. 01:18:24 - Announcements Note: timestamps may be slightly misaligned on podcast apps (but not on YouTube) due to dynamic ads. The podcast is available wherever you listen to podcasts, and ad-free & early access versions - as well as bonus episodes - are available to all of our Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/thedropshot) supporters. We stream the podcast live on our website (https://www.thedropshot.com/live), on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/c/thedropshotpodcast), and on Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/thedropshotpodcast) simultaneously every Thursday and Saturday afternoon at ~12 o'clock Pacific Time. We typically start the stream 30 minutes early to answer viewer questions, banter, and chat. Links for everything are below. Thanks for checking us out!

In this episode of All Things Wildfire, the host welcomes Chin Thammasaengsri, a long-time member of the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) in Los Angeles. Together, they discuss the critical role CERT plays in disaster preparedness and response, focusing on wildfires, earthquakes, and other emergencies. Chin shares insights into CERT's history, its three-fold mission of self-care, family preparedness, and community support, and practical strategies to engage with neighbors and build disaster resilience. He highlights personal stories and actionable advice, emphasizing the importance of preparation, teamwork, and communication during emergencies. Key Takeaways: CERT Overview: Established in 1985 by the Los Angeles Fire Department. Aims to train civilian volunteers to support themselves, their families, and their communities during disasters. Offers practical skills in first aid, evacuation, fire suppression, search and rescue, and communication. Three Pillars of CERT Training: Self-care: Being prepared with personal emergency supplies and knowledge. Family preparedness: Ensuring immediate family members are safe and supported. Community connection: Coordinating efforts with neighbors for collective disaster response. Lessons from Wildfire and Disaster Response: The emotional toll of disasters, such as survival guilt, underscores the value of community solidarity. Evacuation planning and multiple escape routes are critical in wildfire-prone areas. Maintaining open communication channels, such as two-way radios, ensures preparedness when traditional methods fail. First Aid and Common Injuries: Glass-related injuries, broken bones, and lacerations are common after earthquakes or wildfires. Basic disaster medical training and a well-stocked first-aid kit are essential. Community Engagement: Start small by connecting with a few committed neighbors to build awareness. Use tools like flyers, educational talks, and apps like Watch Duty for wildfire alerts to foster preparedness. Encourage a culture of mutual support and proactive planning. Practical Tools: Two-way radios (FRS/GMRS) for reliable neighborhood communication. Emergency supplies such as N95 masks, first-aid kits, and evacuation plans. Show Notes: Guest: Chin Thammasaengsri, Community Emergency Response Team member. Contact Chin: Email at cert68chin@gmail.com. Resources Mentioned: Watch Duty app for wildfire alerts. CERT training programs (local fire departments or emergency management offices). American Red Cross and American Heart Association for CPR and first-aid certifications. FRS/GMRS radios available at Walmart or Best Buy. Actionable Steps for Listeners: Take CERT Training: Find a local CERT program to learn essential disaster response skills. Prepare Emergency Kits: Stock your home with first-aid supplies, N95 masks, radios, and evacuation essentials. Engage Your Community: Start conversations about disaster planning with neighbors and join or form local preparedness groups. Download Preparedness Apps: Stay informed with apps like Watch Duty for real-time wildfire alerts. Disaster preparedness starts with individual action but thrives through community collaboration. Take the time to know your neighbors, plan together, and be ready to support one another when emergencies arise. Be sure to subscribe and follow All Things Wildfire for more expert insights on protecting your property and community. Subscribe for more wildfire updates and tips on protecting your home against disaster. Whether you're passionate about environmental sustainability, intrigued by technological advancements, or simply eager to learn about the latest developments in wildfire prevention, this episode is a must-listen.  

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin briefly discusses the E.coli outbreak associated with onions from McDonald's before deep diving into the announcement of Robert F Kennedy Jr. nomination for Secretary of Human and Health Services with highlights from MicrobeTV's own Vincent Racaniello and Paul Offit (Beyond the Noise), the global measles outbreak, underutilization of influenza antivirals for children and teens, the $350 million 2025 order for mpox vaccination, before reviewing the recent statistics on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the WasterwaterScan dashboard, the effectiveness of N95 mask, the interplay between transmission and immunity for virus spread, where to find PEMGARDA, and translational science being conducted to understand long COVID including ongoing clinical trials, development of animal models and how sex may affect outcomes. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Micky D's onions linked to E. coli outbreak….another reason to not eat fast food (CDC) RFK Jr. series…..does he get anything right? (FactCheck.org) Salk polio vaccine : a calculated risk? (BMJ) How to conduct a controlled vaccine trial (American Journal Public Health Nations Health) Safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (NEJM) Another Safety and efficacy study: mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (NEJM) …..SERIOUSLY! can't RFK Jr get it correct? (FactCheck.org) ‘I've Come Home Today': RFK Jr. (the Defenders Children's Health Defense News & Views) Thank God for sensible people: Racaniello and Offit (microbeTV) RFK Jr. : MAN CAN'T YOU GET ANYTHING RIGHT? (Annenberg Public Policy Center: University of Pennsylvania) No harm in repeating Vinny! Thank God for sensible people: Racaniello and Offit (microbeTV) Did America think Trump-Kennedy through? …..really did you think this through? (microbeTV) Make American Healthy Again? ……I will have fries with that….SUPERSIZED! (Wall Street Journal) Keep the United States HEALTHY! (Safe Communities Coalition) Measles in the US (CDC Measles: Rubeola) The merry-go-around of measles (JID) It is a measles outbreak! (CDC Measles: Rubeola) 10.3 million measles infections in 2023….but no vaccine (WHO) Underutilization of influenza antiviral treatment among children and adolescents (CDC MMWR) Increase in influenza infection in children…..(CIDRAP) Influenza weekly surveillance report: clift notes (CDC FluView) $340 million doses of mpox vaccine ordered for 2025 (Reuters) Mpox in NYC (JID) Respiratory virus activity (CDC Respiratory Illnesses) COVID-19 deaths (CDC) COVID-19 national and regional trends (CDC) Waste water scan for 11 pathogens (WastewaterSCan) COVID-19 variant tracker (CDC) SARS-CoV-2 genomes galore (Nextstrain) N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator use (JAMA Open Network) The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Community Indoor Settings (JID) Lower levels of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron compared to Wild-type: an interplay between transmissibility and immune status (JID) Enhanced placental antibody transfer efficiency with longer interval between maternal RSV vaccination and birth (AJOG: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology) Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda) EUA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 (INVIYD) Fusion center near you….if in NY (Prime Fusions) CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC) NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH) Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society) Perceptions and Barriers to Outpatient Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 and Influenza as Observed by Infectious Disease Specialists (OFID) Drug–Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir(Infectious Diseases and Therapy) Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool) Real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir  (CMI: Clinical Microbiology and Infection) Alleviation of COVID-19 Symptoms and Reduction in Healthcare Utilization Among High-Risk Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (CID) Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV) Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society) What to do when sick with a respiratory virus (CDC) When your healthcare provider is infected/exposed with SARS-CoV-2 (CDC) Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC) Steroids, dexamethasone at the right time (OFID) Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org) Daniel Griffin's evidence based medical practices for long COVID (OFID) Long-COVID Clinical Trials (RECOVER) Initiating Long Covid RECOVERy (Science Translational Medicine) Beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (Science Translational Medicine) Long COVID and Osler's Web: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (goodreads) Sex differences in post infection sequalae  (Science Translational Medicine) Symptoms after Lyme disease: What's past is prologue (Science Translational Medicine) Animal models of Long COVID (Science Translational Medicine) Therapies for Long COVID (Science Translational Medicine) Sex differences and immune correlates of Long Covid development, symptom persistence, and resolution (Science Translational Medicine) The Long COVID ISSUE (Science Translational Medicine) Letters read on TWiV 1168 Dr. Griffin's COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

In the 1972 presidential election, Democratic candidate George McGovern was soundly defeated by Richard Nixon. It was a bloodbath. He lost 49 states, a result widely attributed to his positions being “too liberal” for the American mainstream. Four decades later, in a more liberal America, McGovern released a book called What It Means to Be a Democrat, outlining core values that define the Democratic Party. Because, he argued, in his day, during the “1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. . . it was obvious that a spirit of wide embrace was missing both inside and outside the convention hall.” The party had “splintered” into warring factions. This, McGovern argued, could never be allowed to happen again. Here we are again, 50-plus years later, back in Chicago, back at the Democratic National Convention. There's the version that's inside. And there's the one that's outside, with left-wing demonstrators in the streets demanding the party forcefully oppose Israel's war in Gaza, beseeching Democrats to somehow precipitate an end to capitalism and support various other identity-related progressive causes. They marched and shouted, faces swaddled in N95 masks or tightly wrapped with keffiyehs, beneath a sea of Palestinian flags, punctuated by the occasional hammer and sickle. There was only one American flag to be found—a prop to be doused in lighter fluid and set alight.  Inside the convention hall, we passed countless people in red, white, and blue dresses and jackets and hats, while volunteers handed out signs that simply read “USA.” And while all those stuffed into Chicago's United Center seemed energized by the Kamala coronation, we found divergent views on what it means to be a Democrat. At the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee last month, there were no divergent views. No Never-Trumpers. No holdout Nikki Haley supporters. No contingent of free-traders, tax-cutters, or libertarians. The MAGA faction had fully purged the dissenters. A recent CBS News/YouGov poll found that while 86 percent of registered voters said they knew what Donald Trump stood for, that number fell to 64 percent when the same question was asked about Kamala Harris. Some of this can be attributed to her many policy flip-flops, some to her decision to avoid almost all interaction with media. . . and some to the Democrats' emphasis on vibes over policy.  So we came to Chicago to ask the question: What does it mean, in 2024, to be a Democrat?  Header 6: The Free Press earns a commission from all qualifying purchases made through book links in this article, including as an Amazon Associate.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What to make of Square Enix canceling $140.8 million of in-development games? How exactly is (or isn't) Microsoft going to capitalize on Fallout-mania? Remember when Razer tried to sell people a bogus RGB-filled N95 gamer mask? All this and more on Remap Radio, as Patrick, Janet, Rob, and Cado break down the news, plus thoughts on Pools (a spooky video game), Another Crab's Treasure, Stellar Blade, Manor Lords, and the rare IMAX/furniture store combo.Discussed: Razer Sued for Fake N95 Masks 3:50, Square Reports $140 Million Loss from Canceled Projects 22:35, Take Two Shuts Down Two Game Studios 30:41, Fallout Show Has Record Viewership 1:01:34, Pools 1:11:28, Another Crab's Treasure 1:28:30, Tales of Kenzara 1:41:34, Manor Lords 1:45:13, The Question Bucket 1:57:05, Outro and Announcments 2:21:11See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The White House finally addressed the horrific case of Laken Riley, a nursing student from the University of Georgia who was murdered while jogging, allegedly by an illegal alien from Venezuela. The corporate media, however, refuses to acknowledge that Biden's open border is to blame. Blaze podcast host of "Conservative Review" Daniel Horowitz joins to give the numbers of the crimes happening due to the border crisis. Glenn reads an article from the New York Times that appears to expose major "secrets" of America's long-term involvement with Ukraine. Glenn's chief researcher, Jason Buttrill, joins to discuss the global conflict with Russia that seems to be leaning toward a widespread war. Glenn and Jason also discuss the Left praising a man who committed suicide in front of the Israeli embassy. Stu and Jason discuss the Left prioritizing ideology over humanity. Why are people still wearing N95 masks outside? "Libs of TikTok" owner Chaya Raichik talked with reporter Taylor Lorenz, and Taylor proved she could no longer think for herself. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

⚡️WWG1WGA: As Normies race for another booster, fresh N95's, cases of HEK239 laden potato chips & 6-packs of glyphosate laced Bud Light's to gather ‘round Tell-Lie-Vision for what's historically considered THE LARGEST ANNUAL HUMAN TRAFFICKING, FRAUD & EXTORTION EVENT IN AMERICA (aka “The Superb-Owl”) Join Awake Patriots with Gov'na Kevin Hoyt! ✨Grassroots Warrior Network✨A plethora of your favorite content providers all in one place and always FREE to view. Accurate, balanced, and solid information YOU

Quick reminder: This Monday 9/18, Andrea will be in discussion with historian Ruth Ben-Ghiat, author of the bestselling book Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present, and Russian mafia expert Olga Lautman of the Kremlin Files podcast to discuss the new Gaslit Nation graphic novel Dictatorship: It's Easier Than You Think! and how to defeat Trump and Putin. Copies of the book signed by both Andrea and Sarah will be available at the event, which will be held at P&T Knitwear on the Lower East Side at 7pm. Our Patreon community can join Andrea starting at 6pm for free N95 masks and a signed Mr. Jones poster. Details here: https://ptknitwear.com/events/29217 In this special and personal call to action, Andrea shares her story on why it's important to interview someone you love while there's still time: “On New Year's Day, we had to rush someone in my immediate family to the hospital. Since then, their health has been in decline as they battle two terminal illnesses. In February, I produced a list of questions for interviewing them on camera, to preserve their history as a treasured family keepsake, but life got in the way, and I waited too long to conduct the interview. When I finally managed to sit down with them for the interview, their health had declined to the point where they could no longer sit through more than 30 minutes of conversational talking. As they continue their treatments, we continue to do what we can as a family for our loved one as they bravely face the hardest battle of their life. Don't make the mistake I did. Make time to interview those you love as a celebration of your love and the family you were lucky to have been born into and/or the family you were lucky to make. We all need each other. No one gets through these times alone.” Here are the list of questions: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dR-rDSmQUFJCDxF9veqcVrxObOhP41uv6orogKGnGIY/edit?usp=sharing This week's bonus episode is a response to a comment on last week's bonus show on why Biden Must Declare a Climate Emergency. You can find that here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/88983043 (There's a free excerpt wherever you get your podcasts). That bonus episode created a lot of discussion among our listeners on Patreon, including one who commented that we're inevitably headed towards mass violence. Are they right? And what does that mean and how can it be avoided? This deserves a much larger discussion, and we appreciate your comments.  Sarah joins this week's bonus episode to answer questions from our listeners. Our supporters on Patreon at the Truth-teller level and higher can submit their questions in the comments section or by sending a private message on Patreon. Subscribe today to join the conversation: Patreon.com/Gaslit  Thank you to everyone who supports the show – we could not make Gaslit Nation without you. To join the conversation and our community of listeners, get bonus shows, all shows ad free, exclusive invites and more, sign up at Patreon.com/Gaslit 

Paper straws are bad for the environment, N95 masks are bad for you, and a third-party candidate might upend the presidential race. Ep.1319  - - -   Click here to join the member exclusive portion of my show: https://utm.io/ueSEl - - -  DailyWire+: Become a DailyWire+ member to gain access to movies, shows, documentaries, and more: https://bit.ly/3jJQBQ7 Get your Jeremy's Hand Soap here: https://bit.ly/3q2CCIg Get your own Yes or No game here: https://bit.ly/3X6tlKY  - - -  Today's Sponsors: PureTalk - Claim your FREE 5G Samsung Galaxy! https://www.puretalkusa.com/landing/Knowles Renewal by Andersen - Get your FREE Consultation Text KNOWLES to 200-300 - - - Socials: Follow on Twitter: https://bit.ly/3RwKpq6 Follow on Instagram: https://bit.ly/3BqZLXA Follow on Facebook: https://bit.ly/3eEmwyg Subscribe on YouTube: https://bit.ly/3L273Ek