Podcasts about Ogawa

Last time we spoke about the second Okinawa Offensive. In the brutal Second Okinawa Counteroffensive, American forces confronted staunch Japanese defenses, with Captain Ryan leading a valiant charge for territory. Despite fierce resistance and heavy casualties, his troops managed to seize crucial ground, enduring intense hand-to-hand combat atop Ryan Ridge. The battle raged on, with American forces fighting through exhaustion and dwindling supplies, while the Japanese, though determined, faced declining morale as they lost ground. The relentless struggle exemplified extraordinary sacrifice on both sides, but it foreshadowed a turning point in the Pacific campaign. As American advances continued, the tide shifted, marking the beginning of the end for Japanese dominance in the region, ultimately paving the way for Allied victory. This episode is the Battle of the Malacca Strait Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  After the failure of their second offensive, the Japanese turned all their energies toward waging a prolonged battle of attrition. Their losses did not impair immediately their defensive capacities; thus the 24th Corps found no weak point in the Shuri defenses resulting from the ill-starred offensive. By throwing fresh troops into the attack of 4 May Ushijima had been able to maintain his strength all along the line. Nor was there any breakdown in his command and staff operation. Front-line units were reorganized without seeming loss of effectiveness; available reinforcements were carefully allotted to existing regiments; local counterattacks were timed for maximum effect. General Ushijima's chief task now was to keep sufficient combat troops at the front to man his Shuri defenses. It was apparent by 7 May that the strength of the remaining regular infantry was not great enough for this task. Consequently, Ushijima converted service units into infantry combat groups. By mixing service troops with the "regulars," he exacted from them their maximum combat effectiveness. "One man in ten will continue with his rear-echelon duties. The remaining nine men will devote themselves to antitank combat training," one order stated. The reorganization of the 32d Regiment, 24th Division, was typical of the resourcefulness of the Japanese. The regimental headquarters received 5 men from the 24th Transport Regiment. The 1st Battalion kept its own surviving members and was allotted all the survivors of the 2d Battalion, 20 men from the 7th Shipping Depot, 90 from the 24th Transport Regiment, and y from the 26th Sea Raiding Squadron. The 2d Battalion was totally reconstituted from the 29th Independent Infantry Battalion and other units. The 3d Battalion was reorganized in a manner similar to that used with the 1st. It was by this process of piecing units together that the 32d Army was able to stay intact long after the original combat units had been virtually destroyed, a capability which at the time American intelligence officers found "baffling." After his offensive failed, the enemy formed a line in which the relative position of the major units was to remain roughly the same until the end of the battle. On the east the 24th Division, reinforced by two independent battalions, held the line as far as Shuri, with its 89th Regiment on the east, its 22d in the center, and its 32d on the west. The remnants of the battered 62d Division were stretched from a point north of Shuri almost to the west coast, holding about one-third of the line. Along the Asa River estuary was a battalion of the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade. The Japanese husbanded their remaining heavy weapons, especially their artillery, as carefully as they meted out their manpower. On 6 May the Japanese 5th Artillery Command directed its units to "revert to the [defensive] situation which held prior to the attack situation of 3 May." Once again the protection of individual pieces was a cardinal feature of enemy operations. Artillery units were ordered to "use ammunition with the utmost economy" and to "wait and fire for effect against vital targets." Along the west coast, preliminary plans were underway for the deployment of General Shepherd's 6th Marine Division to the front lines, while General Del Valle's 1st Marine Division continued its assault on the Dakeshi-Awacha hill complex. Colonel Snedeker's 7th Marines secured the coastal flank after capturing the north bank of the Asa River. Meanwhile, Colonel Arthur Mason's 1st Marines focused their efforts on the western approaches to the Dakeshi hill defenses, but they were ultimately repulsed by the tenacious Japanese defenders around Hill 60. In the Awacha Pocket, Colonel Griebel's 5th Marines faced fierce opposition, resulting in only modest territorial gains. To the east, after successfully fending off multiple strong enemy counterattacks, General Bruce's 77th Division advanced 800 yards south toward Hill 187, establishing control over the southern slope of the Maeda Escarpment. Finally, operations in General Arnold's 7th Division area were confined to robust patrols aimed at securing the approaches to Conical Hill and eliminating the remaining fragments of the failed Japanese counteroffensive. Convinced that the Japanese had nearly exhausted their fresh reserves, General Buckner began planning a comprehensive assault on the Shuri defenses with his two corps. On May 7, General Geiger was assigned to command the 1st Marine Division within the 24th Corps front and oversee the southern movement of the 6th Marine Division, with General Buckner taking direct tactical control of the two-corps assault. Heavy rains on the morning of 7 May delayed the projected IIIAC advance until tanks were able to negotiate the muddy terrain. In the 1st Marines' zone, the new regimental commander, Colonel Arthur T. Mason, ordered 3/1 to support the attack of the 2d Battalion on Hill 60 with all available weapons (four battalions of artillery, a fire support ship, and 81-mm. and 60-mm. mortars) by firing into the enemy reverse slope defenses. All morning long the regiment's mortars concentrated on the enemy position, and at 1400 when tanks finally reached the front lines the battalion attacked with Company E in assault. Artillery fire covered the foot of the objective while mortars and assault guns blanketed the crest and reverse slopes. The company swept to the top of Hill 60 by 1422 in a vivid demonstration of "the effect of properly massed, supporting fires in front of assault troops." Once the company entered the impact zone, however, and supporting fires were shifted to other targets the enemy defenders emerged from their caves and engaged the Marines in hand grenade duels. The fighting was at such close range that it was impossible to keep enough grenades on the line, and the marines used rifle butts against Japanese who tried to storm their position. Gradually the volume of Japanese fire of all types "grew noticeably stronger and progressively more intense so that it was evident that the enemy was receiving large reinforcements." The troops lost their hold at one point, then fought their way to the top again, yet the continuing Japanese fire from the reverse slope of Nan Hill was the decisive factor. The threat of a strong counterattack measured against the dwindling strength of Company E forced Lieutenant Colonel Magee to adjudge the company's advanced position untenable and to order a withdrawal to the previous night's lines. To the west, the 5th Marines steadily advanced approximately 400 yards in the Awacha Pocket, while the 77th Division gained up to 500 yards of enemy territory despite increasingly fierce resistance. By the end of the day, Colonel Coolidge's 305th Regiment had relieved the weary 307th. On the east coast, Colonel Green's 184th Regiment resumed its southward push, quickly capturing Gaja Ridge and William Hill, but faced greater opposition as they approached the western flanks of Conical Hill. Meanwhile, Colonel Pachler's 17th Regiment continued its assault toward Zebra Hill but could only secure How Hill and make incremental gains on Kochi Ridge, depleting their strength. The following day, as General Bradley's replenished 96th Division prepared to relieve the 7th, the 184th Regiment managed to occupy the forward slope of Easy Hill near Kibara without armored support. Throughout the rest of the 10th Army front, relentless cold rain effectively canceled planned offensive operations, leading the 1st Marines to focus on dismantling enemy positions on Nan Hill. Colonel Schneider's 22nd Marines took over from the 7th Marines along the Asa River just as news of the victory in Europe reached the infantry units, prompting a somewhat indifferent reaction from the rain-soaked soldiers preoccupied with the ongoing fighting in Okinawa. Exactly at 1200 every available artillery piece and naval gun fired three volleys at vital enemy targets to apprise the Japanese of the defeat of their Axis partner. On May 9, Japanese kamikaze pilots launched a series of scattered attacks, damaging the carrier Formidable and two destroyers. In preparation for Buckner's general offensive, the 22nd Marines patrolled their front to identify suitable crossing sites over the Asa River. Meanwhile, with Nan Hill fully cleared, Mason's 2nd Battalion renewed its assault on Hill 60, while the 1st Battalion advanced into the high ground to the east, successfully capturing their objective this time. Reinforced by elements of the 7th Marines, the 5th Marines also launched another attack on the Awacha Pocket but continued to encounter fierce resistance. In response, Griebel was tasked with reducing the Awacha defenses using two battalions, while Snedeker's reinforced 7th Marines pressed the offensive southward. To the east, General Bruce focused his efforts on the 305th Regiment's sector, resulting in the 3rd Battalion securing a foothold on Hill 187. The 17th Regiment, which had fought tenaciously to capture Kochi Ridge and the high ground west of Conical Hill, was relieved by Colonel Dill's 382nd Regiment. Concurrently, Colonel May's 383rd Regiment moved into forward assembly areas behind the 184th and on May 10, took over the positions north of Conical Hill. Both fresh regiments of the 96th Division were then able to destroy enemy strongpoints that had impeded the progress of the weary 7th Division and capture key hills that protected the approaches to Conical. On the west coast, after stealthily constructing a footbridge across the Asa during the night, three companies of the 22nd Marines successfully crossed the river. However, two Japanese "human demolition charges" emerged from hiding and rushed the south end of the footbridge, destroying it. Despite the challenges, the attack south toward the town of Asa continued, successfully establishing a bridgehead that stretched 1,400 yards long and 350 yards deep by the end of the day. To the east, the 1st Marines launched an assault on the western end of Dakeshi but were pushed back by intense enfilading fire from the ridge. Similarly, although the 7th Marines initially advanced rapidly against scattered opposition, they were ultimately forced to withdraw under heavy Japanese fire. Behind them, after fending off two fierce night counterattacks, the 5th Marines failed to isolate the Awacha Pocket but made significant strides, penetrating deep into the heart of the Awacha defenses. Meanwhile, the 305th Regiment captured additional high ground leading toward the crucial road junction north of Shuri, where the reorganized and reinforced 32nd Regiment had established its primary defenses. The remnants of the 62nd Division were gradually being withdrawn toward Shuri, with General Suzuki's fresh 44th Independent Mixed Brigade taking over the western sector. On May 11, General Buckner initiated his general offensive against Shuri, planning to envelop the town from both the west and east. However, this offensive was preceded by Admiral Ugaki's sixth mass Kikisui strike, during which 150 kamikazes launched successful attacks on American shipping. That morning, the 721st Kokutai's Sub-Lieutenant Yasunori Seizo led six kamikazes out of Kanoya. By 10:02, Admiral Mitscher was informed of possible bogeys infiltrating the returning TF 58 strike to reach the US carriers. Two minutes later came an overhead Corsair's sudden frantic warning: “Alert! Alert! Two planes diving on the Bunker Hill!” Almost immediately, Yasunori's Zero dove out of low overcast toward Bunker Hill and released its payload. The 550lb bomb pierced the flight deck, exited the side of the hull, and exploded above water. Simultaneously, Yasunori's Zero caromed into the center of Bunker Hill's flight deck, its gas tank exploding among 34 manned, armed, and fully fueled US fighters, before careening blazing over the side. One minute later, Yasunori's wingman Ensign Ogawa Kiyoshi roared past Bunker Hill, climbed steeply into a roll, and then dove straight at the carrier. Ogawa released his 550lb bomb, which scored amidships and exploded in the gallery deck, slaughtering much of Mitscher's staff. Simultaneously, Ogawa deliberately slammed his Zero into Bunker Hill's island just 100ft from Mitscher. Mitscher's operations officer, Commander Jimmy Flatley, had just left the gallery deck when Ogawa's bomb struck, searing his back. Mitscher had observed the entire attack in silence, and just then emerged from the bridge to gaze at the blazing flight deck. The Flag Plot was choked with billowing smoke and Mitscher's chief-of-staff, a gasping, wheezing Commodore Arleigh Burke, ordered it evacuated. A third Zero then dove on Bunker Hill, but anti-aircraft fire sent it blazing into the sea close aboard. Aboard Bunker Hill, a cascade of gasoline explosions erupted from burning planes aft, while tracers sprayed haphazardly from detonating machine gun ammunition. Speed fell to 10kts and as the crew began intensive firefighting efforts, a slight list developed. Cruiser Wilkes-Barre and three destroyers came alongside to fight fires and rescue 300 men forced overboard, yet most of Bunker Hill's fighter pilots had been asphyxiated in their ready room. By 11:30, however, damage was largely stabilized. Nevertheless, Bunker Hill had lost 393 men killed and 264 wounded. Although horribly outnumbered, the Americans' Corsair CAP shot down 50 attackers before the Japanese got through at 0800hrs. Over the next 90 minutes the two violently maneuvering destroyers would claim a combined 42 kills before Evans was disabled by four kamikaze hits. Minutes later Hugh W. Hadley was knocked out by her third kamikaze hit. With his ship dead in the water and blazing uncontrollably, Hugh W. Hadley's Commander Mullaney ordered all available colors hoisted: “If this ship is going down, she's going down with all flags flying.” Escorting the destroyers were three LCS(L)s and one LSM(R), who themselves combined to splash 14 Japanese planes before the action mercifully ended. All six ships survived, but the destroyers were towed to Kerama Retto, having suffered a combined 60 killed and 94 wounded. East of Okinawa, a G4M Betty bomber and four Ki-43 Oscars attacked RPS-5 at 0800hrs. One plane crashed destroyer-minelayer Harry F. Bauer (DM-26)'s stern, the kamikaze miraculously “plowing through the rack of depth charges and shoving them into the sea with none of them exploding.” Escorting LCS(L)-88 splashed two Oscars, the second scoring a posthumous 220lb bomb hit on her which killed nine and wounded seven. Back on the west coast, supported by tanks and artillery, the 22nd Marines advanced toward Amike. Their 3rd Battalion established control of the high ground overlooking Naha after an 800-yard advance, while the 1st Battalion gained the coral ridge in front after a series of costly assaults. The 2nd Battalion further extended the line to connect with the 1st Marine Division. Del Valle's advance was spearheaded by Mason's 2nd Battalion, which successfully secured a foothold on the high ground west of Wana despite a heavy artillery bombardment. In constructing the Wana position the Japanese had "taken advantage of every feature of a terrain so difficult it could not have been better designed if the enemy himself had the power to do so." With this natural advantage, the enemy had so organized the area that in order to crack the main line of resistance it was necessary for the 1st Marine Division to wheel towards Shuri and attack directly into the heart of the city's powerful defenses. Any attempt to drive past Shuri and continue the attack to the south would mean unacceptable losses inflicted by artillery, mortar, automatic-weapons, and rifle fire coming from the heights that commanded the division's flank and rear areas. The southernmost branch of the Asa Kawa wandered across the gently rising floor of Wana Draw and through the northern part of Shuri. The low rolling ground bordering the insignificant stream was completely exposed to enemy fire from positions along the reverse slope of Wana Ridge and the military crest of the ridge to the south. At its mouth Wana Draw was approximately 400 yards wide, but it narrowed drastically as it approached the city and the ridge walls closed on the stream bed. Guarding the western end of the draw was Hill 55, rugged terminus of the southern ridge line. The hill bristled with enemy guns whose fields of fire included the whole of the open ground leading to the draw. Defending the Wana position was the 64th Brigade of the 62d Division with remnants of the 15th, 23d, and 273d Independent Infantry Battalions, the 14th Independent Machine Gun Battalion, and the 81st Field Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion under its command. The 7th Marines advanced approximately 800 yards, establishing a firm hold on Dakeshi Ridge, while the 5th Marines eliminated the last organized resistance in the Awacha Pocket. In the center of the front, Bruce's two regiments needed to coordinate more closely with neighboring divisions than with one another. As a result, the 305th Regiment advanced up to 500 yards against fierce resistance, while Colonel Smith's 306th Regiment struggled to make headway against the formidable defenses of Chocolate Drop Hill and Wart Hill. To the east, after repelling a series of night counterattacks, the 382nd Regiment consolidated its positions on Zebra Hill and continued probing toward the Dick Hills area and the ridges northwest of Kuhazu. The 383rd Regiment quickly secured Easy and Fox Hills, subsequently capturing the summit of Charlie Hill. However, over the next two days, efforts by the 1st Battalion to dislodge the defenders from the top would be thwarted by withering fire from King Hill, while the 2nd Battalion cleared Gaja Ridge and the twin villages of Tobaru and Amaru. On May 12, Dill's 3rd Battalion executed a successful assault, capturing Baker Hill, although the 1st Battalion's attack on Dick Baker was repelled by the defenders. To the west, the 306th Regiment only provided support for the advance of the 305th, which faced difficult terrain in the broken ground west of Route 5, managing to gain about 500 yards. Meanwhile, the 7th Marines solidified their hold on Dakeshi Ridge against sporadic opposition, but the 1st Marines found themselves pinned down while trying to improve their positions west of Wana. The vulnerability of the 6th Marine Division to direct fire from the western slopes of the Shuri massif resulted in significant losses for Schneider's 2nd Battalion as it fought to seize the high ground overlooking Naha, ultimately being repelled from Sugar Loaf Hill. Meanwhile, the 1st Battalion advanced steadily in the center, capturing the high ground north of Asato, while the 3rd Battalion secured commanding positions and conducted patrols through the suburbs of Naha. At sea, scattered kamikaze attacks damaged Admiral Spruance's flagship, the battleship New Mexico, and inflicted further damage on two additional destroyers the following day. In retaliation, Mitscher directed Task Force 58 to strike Kyushu once again. Back on Okinawa, as Schneider's 3rd Battalion reconnoitered the northern suburbs of Naha, the 2nd Battalion launched another unsuccessful attack on Sugar Loaf Hill. In light of this resistance and the heavy casualties suffered by the 22nd Marines, Shepherd ordered Colonel Whaling's 29th Marines to reinforce the effort, but they could only position themselves northwest of Makabe. To the east, while the 1st Marines faced heavy losses and were repelled at the mouth of Wana Draw, the 7th Marines finally secured Dakeshi Ridge. In the center, the 305th Regiment continued its determined advance into the extremely rugged terrain north and northeast of Shuri, whereas the 306th Regiment once again failed to capture Chocolate Drop Hill and Wart Hill. Coordinated with this, the 382nd Regiment attacked the Dick Hills, successfully securing Dick Baker and Dick Able against light opposition, but ultimately being pushed back from the latter. Further east, May's 2nd Battalion launched a frontal assault on Conical Hill, successfully reaching the northeast crest of the ridge, where it repelled several heavy Japanese counterattacks. Back at sea, Task Force 58 launched another strike on Kyushu during the early hours of May 14. In response, the Japanese dispatched 28 kamikazes alongside 40 escorts, inflicting heavy damage on Mitscher's new flagship, the carrier Enterprise, in what would become known as the last action of the Gray Ghost.  At 05:25, some 28 Zeros, armed with 1100lb bombs, sortied from Kanoya towards Mitscher's carriers cruising 130nm southeast of Kyushu. 40 fighters escorted them. Around 06:45 Enterprise detected 4 incoming bogies. 3 were shot down over TF 58, but the fourth, flown by Sub-Lieutenant Tomiyasu Shunsuke, continued closing. Using clouds for cover, Tomiyasu approached Enterprise from astern. Already struck by flak, at 06:57 Tomiyasu's blazing Zero suddenly appeared 200ft above Enterprise, which erupted with anti-aircraft fire. Although seeming to have overflown his target, Tomiyasu suddenly snap-rolled his burning Zero onto its back and dove almost vertically into Enterprise's flight deck. Observing from Enterprise's exposed bridge wing, Flatley rushed back inside and shouted to take cover just as Tomiyasu's kamikaze hit. The thunderous explosion blew Enterprise's forward elevator 400ft in the air, rattled the carrier's bridge, and flung shrapnel against her island. As Flatley emerged from cover he observed an unsmiling Mitscher, arms crossed, standing amid the smoking wreckage. “Jimmy,” Mitscher growled, “tell my Task Group commanders that if the Japs keep this up they're going to grow hair on my head yet.” Enterprise remained on station, but her flight deck was out of action. TF 58 splashed 3 more planes before Japanese attacks ended at 08:00. That evening TF 58 retired from Kyushu. The following morning, May 15, Mitscher transferred to carrier Randolph, his third flagship in 5 days. Enterprise would detach for repairs in the United States on May 16, having lost 14 dead and 68 wounded. Her war too was over. Honestly for those of you who might not know, the USS Enterprise is the most decorated ship of all time, an absolutely insane history. She was so impressive, my patreons voted for me to do an exclusive episode on her and it took two full episodes to do. If you are interested in the history of the USS Enterprise, please check out my exclusive podcast. At Okinawa, as positions on Conical Hill were being consolidated, May's 1st Battalion renewed its attack on Charlie Hill, successfully securing a foothold at its northern end, which was later extended down the southern slope. Simultaneously, Company L launched an assault on King Hill, managing to capture the entire crest. To the west, Dill's 1st Battalion attacked and captured Dick Able and Dick Right, although they had to relinquish Dick Right after a vigorous Japanese counterattack. The 3rd Battalion also advanced toward Dick Right, establishing a tenuous hold on the position. Further west, the 306th Regiment committed its last remaining strength, a composite battalion, to advance beyond Wart Hill, but it was quickly cut down by overwhelming flanking fire. Similarly, the battered 305th Regiment made little progress in the rugged terrain. Meanwhile, the 7th Marines advanced to within 100 yards of the ridge crest north of Wana, where they were ultimately pinned down by heavy fire. Concurrently, the depleted 1st Marines launched an assault that captured the western tip of Wana Ridge, aided by tanks and artillery, though a fierce night counterattack forced them to withdraw before being relieved by the fresh 5th Marines. Along the coast, the 22nd Marines successfully pushed toward the north bank of the Asato River, but the main action was poised to occur at Sugar Loaf Hill. Though Schneider's 2nd Battalion successfully seized the forward slopes of the protective hills north of Sugar Loaf, including Queen Hill, they faced intense enemy fire whenever they attempted to maneuver around or over these hills to launch an attack on Sugar Loaf itself. Nevertheless, the Marines pressed on, and by nightfall, a group of about 40 men under Major Henry Courtney managed to storm the hill, throwing grenades ahead of them and subsequently digging in at the summit to withstand a night of heavy mortar fire and constant counterattacks. This attack was further supported by the 29th Marines, which, after overcoming initial hardships, secured the forward slopes of the hill northeast of Sugar Loaf. During the early hours of May 15, the embattled group atop Sugar Loaf gratefully welcomed the arrival of reinforcements, though it was not before Major Courtney heroically fell while leading a grenade assault against the defenders on the reverse slope. Despite the reinforcements, enemy pressure on Sugar Loaf intensified, ultimately forcing the battered Marines off the hill. This triggered a fierce Japanese counterattack across a 900-yard front, compelling Schneider's 2nd Battalion to relinquish the ground immediately north of Sugar Loaf. Fearing a breakthrough, elements of his 1st Battalion seized the hill northwest of Sugar Loaf to help blunt the force of the enemy counterattacks, while the 3rd Battalion relieved the exhausted 2nd across the line. Additionally, the 29th Marines not only played a significant role in repulsing the enemy counterattack but also effectively strengthened its hold on the high ground north of Half Moon Hill.  To the east, while the 7th Marines reorganized and cleared out Dakeshi, the 5th Marines launched their first tank-infantry assault against Wana Draw. At 0630 on 15 May the 5th Marines completed the relief of the 1st, and Colonel Griebel assumed command of the zone of action west of Wana. The 2d Battalion was in assault with the 3d in close support and the 1st in reserve. On the recommendation of the regimental and battalion commanders of both the 1st and 5th Marines, the division decided to subject the high ground on both sides of Wana Draw to a thorough processing by tanks and self-propelled 105mm howitzers before 2/5 attempted to advance across the open ground at the mouth of the draw. With Company F of 2/5 providing fire teams for protection against suicide attackers, nine tanks from Company B, 1st Tank Battalion spent the morning working on the positions at the mouth of the draw. The tanks drew heavy small-arms, mortar, artillery, and AT fire, and accompanying infantry was dispersed to reduce casualties. Because of the open area of operation, the fire teams were still able to cover the tanks at relatively long-ranges. Both sides of the draw were honeycombed with caves and the tanks received intense and accurate fire from every sector at their front. During the morning one 47mm AT gun scored five hits on the attacking armor before NGF silenced it. About noon the tanks withdrew to allow an air strike to be placed in the draw and then return to the attack in reinforced strength. Naval gunfire again silenced a 47mm gun that took the tanks under fire, this time before any damage was done. With the approach of darkness the tanks pulled out of the draw pursued by a fury of enemy fire. The 5th Marines, convinced "that the position would have to be thoroughly pounded before it could be taken," scheduled another day of tank-infantry processing for Wana Draw before making its assault. In the center, the battered 305th Regiment continued its relentless advance through the irregular terrain west of the main Ginowan-Shuri highway. Simultaneously, Colonel Hamilton's 307th Regiment finally relieved the exhausted 306th and launched simultaneous attacks on Flattop and Chocolate Drop Hill. The 3rd Battalion slowly maneuvered toward the northern base of the Drop and the north slopes of Flattop, while the 2nd Battalion advanced toward Ishimmi Ridge through the open highway valley. Concurrently, the 382nd Regiment supported the assault on Flattop with its own attack against Dick Hill, successfully capturing its crest but failing to cross the skyline. Meanwhile, the 383rd Regiment struggled to make progress against intense enemy fire from the hill complex southwest of Conical's peak, although some elements managed to advance up the northwest spur from King Hill amid thick mortar fire.  Now, it's time to shift our focus from Okinawa to the sea, where we will cover the last destroyer actions of the Second World War. At the beginning of February, with the Southwest Area Fleet staff isolated in the Philippines, Vice-Admiral Fukudome Shigeru formed the 10th Area Fleet to defend the shores of Indonesia and Indochina. The 10th Area Fleet was comprised of the remnants of the 2nd Striking Force. This consisted of the two converted battleship/aircraft carriers Ise and Hyuga, forming the carrier squadron, and the two heavy cruisers Ashigara and Haguro, forming the 5th Cruiser Division. Two more heavy cruisers, Takao and Myoko, were at Singapore where both had reached sanctuary after being badly damaged in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Myoko had made one attempt to escape back to Japan in December 1944, but had been torpedoed by the US submarine Bergol on the 13th, and had then returned to Singapore. The cruiser Oyodo joined the fleet from February 5 to 20 and a fourth cruiser, Isuzu, joined on March 25 but lasted barely a fortnight before being sunk, on April 7, in a coordinated attack by the US submarines Charr, Gabilan and Besugo, with peripheral assistance from the British submarine Spark. In February Ise and Hyuga were also recalled and sailed on the 10th from Singapore, bound for Japan, carrying aviation spirit and other war materials. With such valuable cargoes the Japanese took great care to safeguard their passage and, by a combination of good luck and bad weather, both evaded numerous attacks by air and by submarine and reached Moji on the 19th. Haguro and Ashigara, and one old destroyer, Kamikaze, were now the only sizable warships left in the 10th Area Fleet to protect the troop evacuations. At this stage, the Japanese aimed to hold Java, Borneo, and Sumatra for as long as possible while planning their main defensive efforts in Malaya and Indochina. Consequently, they began withdrawing their garrisons from the outlying islands of the Moluccas, Timor, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and the scattered islands of the Panda and Arafura Seas. Anticipating a similar evacuation of Japanese garrisons in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Admiral Arthur Power's East Indies Fleet had dispatched destroyers on a series of anti-shipping sweeps in the Andaman Sea, successfully destroying several relief convoys. On May 10, Fukudome decided to commence the evacuation of the Andaman Islands, dispatching Vice-Admiral Hashimoto Shintaro's heavy cruiser Haguro and destroyer Kamikaze to deliver supplies to the islands and return with troops back to Singapore. Additionally, a secondary convoy consisting of one auxiliary vessel and one subchaser was organized to perform the same mission for the Nicobar Islands. As Allied intelligence uncovered these plans, Vice-Admiral Harold Walker's Force 61, primarily composed of the battleships Queen Elizabeth and Richelieu and four escort carriers, sailed from Trincomalee to intercept the Japanese ships. However, the Japanese were unwilling to risk a battle, and upon receiving an air reconnaissance warning, they returned to Singapore. Nonetheless, Walker decided to remain in the area, awaiting reinforcements in case the enemy regained the confidence to launch another sortie. On May 14, Fukudome finally resolved to carry out the evacuation again, this time first sending forward his secondary convoy to the Nicobars. This force managed to reach the islands unmolested during the day and successfully embarked 450 troops before setting sail for Penang, although they were later spotted by a patrolling Liberator. In response, Walker dispatched the 21st Aircraft Carrier Squadron and the 26th Destroyer Flotilla to conduct an air and sea sweep off Diamond Point aimed at intercepting and destroying the enemy. On the morning of May 15, some Avengers encountered Haguro and Kamikaze as they returned to the Malacca Strait. As Captain Manley Power's destroyers rushed to the area, three Avengers launched by the escort carrier Shah attacked Haguro with bombs in the afternoon, causing minimal damage that only compelled Haguro to alter its course eastward. However, this diversion effectively allowed the destroyer force to intercept Hashimoto's convoy during the night. As the flotilla closed in on the enemy during the early hours of May 16, Hashimoto reacted desperately by fleeing at full speed to the north, thwarting Power's carefully laid ambush. Soon after, however, Haguro turned to port, crossing paths with the destroyer Venus, which was closing in at full speed from the west. Surprisingly, Venus failed to launch its torpedoes, prompting Hashimoto to turn south and back into Power's trap.  Haguro's violent turn away changed the situation dramatically. Saumarez now found the enemy racing down towards her port side at a relative speed of nearly 60 MPH. Kamikaze, following astern of Haguro, passed so close in front of Saumarez from starboard to port that Captain Power had to swing his ship hard to starboard and back to port again to avoid her. Kamikaze passed very close down Saumarez' port side and was taken under fire by both main and close range armament. Opening with star-shell, Saumarez shifted fire to Haguro herself at 0108, the enemy replying with main and secondary armament. The two enemy ships could now be clearly identified from Saumarez' bridge, Haguro at about 5,000 yards and Kamikaze about 2,200 yards range. ‘We had a glimpse of the cruiser by starshell, but now it was dark. She looked pretty big and her direction easy to see by her bow-wave and wash. Inclination vague but obviously broad. I thought she was going very fast. Her side was shining like a wet wall, with the reflection of her own starshell from behind us, I think.' To Lt. Reay Parkinson, also in Saumarez, Haguro ‘seemed to tower above us like a sky-scraper and her guns were depressed to their lowest angle'. Haguro's fire was accurate and splashes from near misses drenched the bridge personnel, binoculars and sound-powered telephones. But, as Captain Power philosophically remarked, ‘if you are only getting wet there is nothing to worry about'. However, Saumarez was unfortunately not merely getting wet. At about 0111, when Captain Power was just considering turning to fire, ‘one boiler got hit. There was a lot of steam and smoke amidships and a sort of queer silence. The ship was obviously slowing down and I thought she was going to stop.' Saumarez' torpedo tubes had been trained to starboard, ready for the bow attack, with torpedoes angled to run 70° left. There was no time to train the tubes to port. Captain Power swung his ship to port ‘like a shotgun' and at 0113, as Saumarez was slowing down but still swinging hard to port, a salvo of eight torpedoes was fired at Haguro's beam, at a range of 2,000 yards. Still under heavy fire, Saumarez continued her turn to port to open the range, telegraphs being put to ‘Full Ahead' to get the utmost speed from whatever engine power remained. A minute after Saumarez' attack, Verulam made an unmolested attack from 2,000 yards on Haguro's port bow, firing eight torpedoes. Saumarez and Verulam were rewarded by three hits, shared between them  ‘very distinct, three gold-coloured splashes like a Prince of Wales' feathers, more than twice as high as her bridge'. Now Haguro was under fire from the destroyers and everywhere she turned there was another destroyer waiting. At 0125 Venus fired six torpedoes and scored one hit. Two minutes later Virago, ordered by Captain (D) to ‘Finish her off', fired a salvo of eight torpedoes and obtained two hits. She reported that the cruiser's upper deck was now awash. Missed torpedoes were racing all over the battle scene; in Venus, at the height of the action, the Engineer Officer and the Chief ERA in the engine-room actually heard the whirring sound of two torpedoes passing very close along the ship's side. Saumarez had retired some five miles to the north-west to collect herself and examine damage. The engine telegraphs were still at ‘Full Ahead', and Saumarez withdrew further than Captain Power had intended. Vigilant had been rather ‘left in the cold' and squeezed out by the other destroyers and was not able to attack until 0151 when she fired eight torpedoes, with one probable hit. Haguro was lying motionless in the water, in her last throes. ‘The rest of the flotilla were snarling round the carcass like a lot of starving wolves round a dying bull. I was too far away to make out what was going on and told them all except Vigilant (who I knew had torpedoes) to come away and join me, with a view to getting formed up and the situation in hand. Of course they did nothing of the sort. I should not have done myself.' Venus was ordered to ‘Close and make a job of it' and at 0202 administered the coup de grace with her two remaining torpedoes. At 0206 Venus signalled that the cruiser had sunk. Haguro had gone, in a position about forty-five miles south-west of Penang. Fifty miles away, Cumberland and Richelieu had had tantalising glimpses of starshell and lights but were too late to take part. Saumarez transmitted Vs for Victory and Captain Power signalled: ‘Pick up survivors. Stay no more than ten minutes.' Kamikaze sustained slight damage from the gunfire but managed to escape, returning the following day to rescue approximately 320 survivors. Nevertheless, over 900 Japanese soldiers lost their lives in the battle, including Vice-Admiral Hashimoto and Rear-Admiral Sugiura Kaju. While the evacuation of the Nicobar Islands was successful, the evacuation of the Andaman Islands proved to be a resounding failure. By the end of the war, with the food situation in the islands becoming critical, the Japanese committed several atrocities against the civilian population. This included the transportation of 300 so-called “useless mouths” to the uninhabited Havelock Island, off South Andaman, where all but eleven of them perished. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. During the intense Battle of the Malacca Strait, Japanese forces attempted a desperate evacuation, facing relentless Allied attacks. Despite fierce resistance, the Allies advanced strategically, leading to significant Japanese losses. Caught in critical confrontations, the Japanese ultimately succumbed, marking a pivotal moment in the Pacific war and shifting the tide toward Allied victory.

Apologies for this month's episode being late. Unfortunately we have a sick kitty that we've been taking care of, but that didn't stop us from finishing Ronnie's April pick, which was The Seep, by Chana Porter. This novel follows the story of a trans woman named Trina who is going through a bit of a crisis after an alien species known as The Seep takes over Earth. The Seep in many ways makes things better. People are more empathetic, people no longer deal with illness, and people can do pretty much anything they can imagine. However, after Trina's wife leaves her to become a baby again, Trina is forced to reckon with a world she doesn't understand, and still, somehow find beauty in it.    Next month's book was chosen by Ian and is The Memory Police by Yōko Ogawa. A dream-like Orwellian, science fiction novel influenced highly by Kafka!

1 - James Halon - Onomastics (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue] 2 - Kevin Yair - Avalon (Original Mix) [Future Avenue] 3 - Berdu - Duber (Original Mix) [Spiritual Enhancer] 4 - Ogawa & OMB & Haruo Chikada - CO2 (Original Mix) [Musique de Lune] 5 - Gaspar Aguilera - Kaizen (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue] 6 - Matezys - Brainge (Original Mix) [RYNTH] 7 - Yonsh - When Did You Come (Agustin Pengov Reinterpretation) [Transensations Records] 8 - XSPANCE - Solar Coaster (Hully Che Remix) [Future Avenue] 9 - Jares - Dystopia (Original Mix) [Balkan Connection] 10 - Kasey Taylor & Gai Barone feat. Wilma (AU) - Passing Over the Clouds (Original mix) [meanwhile] 11 - Dhany G - Silent Bell (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue]

In this episode of Trailer Geeks and Teaser Gods, host Corey Nathan welcomes Yuhei Ogawa, an accomplished editor, creative director, and host of the new podcast Creative. Kind. Yuhei shares his creative journey, reflecting on his career in film marketing, the inspiration behind his podcast, and the importance of kindness and emotional reflection in the creative industry. Together, Corey and Yuhei dive into the nuances of maintaining mental health, building community, and sustaining creativity in an ever-evolving and demanding entertainment landscape. What You Will Learn: How Yuhei Ogawa transitioned from hip-hop dancing and unscripted TV editing into creative advertising. The personal and emotional inspiration behind the Creative. Kind. podcast. The challenges and importance of sustaining creative endeavors over time. The role of kindness and vulnerability in the creative industries. How Yuhei's experiences during the pandemic reshaped his outlook on community and mental health. Insights into Yuhei's creative process and reflections on the future of the industry, including AI's role. Episode Highlights: [00:01:00] Corey introduces Yuhei and dives straight into discussing Creative. Kind. and Yuhei's creative motivations. [00:04:00] Corey and Yuhei reflect on the struggles of sustaining creative work and staying patient with oneself. [00:09:00] Yuhei shares how the pandemic spurred him to reassess his career and the importance of in-person connections. [00:14:00] Yuhei discusses discovering his daughter's emotional world through family therapy and how it changed his understanding of empathy. [00:27:00] Corey shares his journey with meditation and mental health, emphasizing the life-changing power of mindfulness. [00:35:00] Yuhei recounts his path from hip-hop dancer to becoming a respected trailer editor. [00:49:00] Working with international talent on Tokyo Vice and how creative collaboration across borders enriched his work. [01:01:00] Yuhei reflects on the impact of AI on the creative industry and philosophical questions about the nature of art. Featured Quotes: “The important thing is to just do it for yourself and keep pushing, no matter how little by little.” – Yuhei Ogawa “Kindness is a practice about thinking about other people and how that permeates what we do day in and day out.” – Yuhei Ogawa “It's okay that this is happening. Just be present with it.” – Yuhei Ogawa (on the power of meditation and noting emotions) “If there's no process, no human interaction, no struggle—then I don't think it's art.” – Yuhei Ogawa Resources Mentioned: Creative. Kind. Podcast - instagram.com/creativekindpod Headspace Meditation App Yuhei's Website Greg Harrison's Substack on AI Our Sponsors:   The Golden Trailer Awards: goldentrailer.com/   Brent Allen Hagel: www.brentallenhagel.com Soundstripe: app.soundstripe.com Make It Universal and Rotten Tomatoes presents SEEN on the SCREEN: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuq_rgCzEP_Ne0W0nk6R66sYFGr1Jrzqe Call to Action: Please leave us a rating and review:  https://apple.co/3QYy80e You can find Corey on all the socials @coreysnathan such as www.linkedin.com/in/coreysnathan. Want to hear how the best in the business craft the world's most exciting movie trailers? Tune in every week to Trailer Geeks and Teaser Gods!

1 - about : river - Moonlight (St.Ego Remix) [Sound Avenue] 2 - Ozgur Ozkan - Day By Day (Lavie Au Soleil Remix) [The Purr] 3 - Mariano Malvica - Karnak (Original Mix) [Magnitude Recordings] 4 - Luciano Pelliza - Taste Me (Original Mix) [Droid9 South America] 5 - Augusto Dassano - Bansel (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue] 6 - Ruben Karapetyan - Silentium (Gai Barone Remix) [Clubsonica Records] 7 - Randle & Noise Generation - Gruva (Taylan Remix) [Noise In Harmony] 8 - Patch Park - Hips and Dips (Zankee Gulati Remix) [Vapour Recordings] 9 - Ogawa & OMB & Haruo Chikada - CO2 (Kostya Outta Remix) [Musique de Lune] 10 - Kevin Yair - Avalon (Chiruka Remix) [Future Avenue] 11 - Secretly Famous - Watermelon (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue]

This episode features "Those Uncaring Waves" written by Yukimi Ogawa. Published in the March 2025 issue of Clarkesworld Magazine and read by Kate Baker. The text version of this story can be found at: https://clarkesworldmagazine.com/ogawa_03_25 Support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/join/clarkesworld?

1 - Madloch & Subnode - Closing Cycles (Original Mix) [Crossfade Sounds] 2 - XSPANCE - Solar Coaster (Claudio Gasparini Remix) [Future Avenue] 3 - Patch Park - Delete The Past (Original Mix) [Vapour Recordings] 4 - John Moblack - Rivers (Original Mix) [Sound Avenue] 5 - Wassu - Endless Love (Nicolas Giordano Remix) [Songspire Records] 6 - Paul Lennar Ft. BassQ - Deep In The Dark (Original Mix) [Afterglow] 7 - Tonedepth & Sultan - Moments (Low Contrast Unofficial Remix) [White Label] 8 - Luciano Pelliza - The Last Landing (Original Mix) [Droid9 South America] 9 - Ogawa & OMB & Haruo Chikada - CO2 (Analog Jungs Remix) [Musique de Lune] 10 - ALPHA21 & Junior SL - Darkened Energy (Original Mix) [Magnitude Recordings] 11 - Zankee Gulati - Mind Opener (Marsh Extended Remix) [meanwhile] 12 - Wassu - Burnout (Andrea Cassino Remix) [Songspire Records]

En este episodio, actualizamos la evidencia científica sobre la rodilla rígida post-ictus o stiff-knee, ampliando lo que ya sintetizamos hace varios años en el episodio #48. Indagamos en las sinergias musculares en el stiff-knee y en sus fenotipos, para poder realizar una valoración y tratamiento más específico e individualizado. Referencias del episodio: 1. Brough, L. G., Kautz, S. A., & Neptune, R. R. (2022). Muscle contributions to pre-swing biomechanical tasks influence swing leg mechanics in individuals post-stroke during walking. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 19(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01029-z (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659252/). 2. Chantraine, F., Schreiber, C., Pereira, J. A. C., Kaps, J., & Dierick, F. (2022). Classification of Stiff-Knee Gait Kinematic Severity after Stroke Using Retrospective k-Means Clustering Algorithm. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(21), 6270. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216270 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36362499/) 3. Fujita, K., Tsushima, Y., Hayashi, K., Kawabata, K., Sato, M., & Kobayashi, Y. (2022). Differences in causes of stiff knee gait in knee extensor activity or ankle kinematics: A cross-sectional study. Gait & posture, 98, 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.078 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36166956/). 4. Fujita, K., Tsushima, Y., Hayashi, K., Kawabata, K., Ogawa, T., Hori, H., & Kobayashi, Y. (2024). Altered muscle synergy structure in patients with poststroke stiff knee gait. Scientific reports, 14(1), 20295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71083-1 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39217201/). 5. Krajewski, K. T., Correa, J. S., Siu, R., Cunningham, D., & Sulzer, J. S. (2025). Mechanisms of Post-Stroke Stiff Knee Gait: A Narrative Review. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002678. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000002678 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39815400/). 6. Lee, J., Lee, R. K., Seamon, B. A., Kautz, S. A., Neptune, R. R., & Sulzer, J. (2024). Between-limb difference in peak knee flexion angle can identify persons post-stroke with Stiff-Knee gait. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 120, 106351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106351 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39321614/). 7. Tenniglo, M. J. B., Nene, A. V., Rietman, J. S., Buurke, J. H., & Prinsen, E. C. (2023). The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection in the Rectus Femoris in Stroke Patients Walking With a Stiff Knee Gait: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 37(9), 640–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231189712 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37644725/).

This month Brian talks with playwright, director, and performer Aya Ogawa about “hacking away with a machete” toward a career and directing their own work.

Join Peter Bandettini as he sits down with Seiji Ogawa, the visionary scientist behind the discovery of BOLD (blood oxygenation level-dependent) contrast fMRI. In this insightful conversation, Dr. Ogawa reflects on his groundbreaking work, the evolution of neuroimaging, and the challenges of translating fMRI into clinical practice. 1. Ogawa's Early Journey – From Stanford to Bell Labs, and the influences that shaped his career. 2. The Discovery of BOLD fMRI – How experiments with hemoglobin oxygenation laid the foundation for modern neuroimaging. 3. Impact on Neuroscience – Why fMRI became a cornerstone in understanding brain function. 4. Challenges in Clinical Translation – Variability and reliability in single-subject analyses. 5. Scientific Reflections – Ogawa's thoughts on curiosity, persistence, and the art of discovery. 6. Future Directions – Exploring brain interactions, neurovascular coupling, and innovations in imaging techniques. Notable Quotes: “If you can look into your brain without opening your skull… that's a great thing.” “The important thing is to know what is important.” “Many phenomena don't last long, but fMRI has proven to be enduringly significant.” Seiji Ogawa's contributions have left an indelible mark on neuroscience, inspiring researchers worldwide. Don't miss this fascinating exploration of his life, work, and ongoing curiosity about the mysteries of the human brain. Episode Producers Omer Faruk Gulban Nagashree Thovinakere

O tym, jak grałam w kalambury omijając strefy czasowe, o grzejącej serce książce i o marnowaniu czasu na kutię. Promocja -20% z kodem "Okuniewska20" obowiązuje na wszystkie srebrne modele przy zakupach powyżej 199 zł. Czas trwania akcji to 8.12 - 20.12. Żeby skorzystać z kodu, pobierz aplikację YES Club (https://apps.apple.com/pl/app/yes-club/id6496356097).Szczegółowa instrukcja:1. Zaloguj się do Panelu Klienta na YES.pl i sprawdź czy Twoje konto jest połączone z kontem YES Club (zakładka Moje konto).2. Wpisz w aplikacji w zakładce "Wykorzystaj kod" kod: Okuniewska20 i aktywuj kupon.3. Wejdź na YES.pl i dodaj do koszyka co najmniej 1 srebrny model biżuterii z minimalną wartością koszyka 199 zł, aby otrzymać rabat -20%. MOŻESZ SIĘ KOMUŚ NA PRZYKŁAD OŚWIADCZYĆ! Jeśli Twoje konto na YES.pl jest połączone z aplikacją YES Club, kupon pojawi się automatycznie.4. Chcesz zrobić zakupy w Salonie i dobrać rozmiar? Wystarczy, że zeskanujesz aplikację u Doradcy Klienta (pamiętając, aby był włączony właściwy kupon).W aplikacji YES Club nie można dokonywać zakupów - trzeba ją po prostu mieć, żeby skorzystać z kodu.W odcinku wspominam o: 1. Aplikacji Agape2. Książce "Ukochane równanie profesora" Yōko Ogawa 3. Filmie "W głowie się nie mieści 2"

01. Anatolie, Airsand, Turaniqa - Final Call 02. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 03. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 04. Steve Kelley - Green Daze 05. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 06. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 07. Cosmic Gate, James French - Take Me 08. Agustin Pietrocola - Quantum 09. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 10. Jerome Isma-Ae, Alastor - String Of Lights 11. Matt Oliver, Freedo Mosho, Futura City Club - Finished Work 12. Ernes Guevara, Freedo Mosho, Marway - A Persistent Dream 13. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 14. Simon Vuarambon - Quiral 15. Luciano Elvira, Kyotto - Dudemile 16. Aquo, Roumie, Yonsh - Who Made Us 17. Levandowskiy, Sche, Santa Hreep - It's over 18. Gmj, Noiyse Project - Into Fruition 19. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 20. David Di Sabato, Deviu, Artaria - Divergence 21. Binaryh, Mary Mesk - Hypatia 22. Passenger 10 - Barcelona 23. Viapo - Mental Note Avocado 24. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 25. Tryger, Naasa - Satellite 26. Tonaco - Holosteric 27. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 28. Jakatta, Proff - American Dream 29. Liudicrous - Close Your Eyes 30. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 31. Vintage Culture, Braev, Nihil Young - Time 32. Above & Beyond, Proff, Igor Garanin - Surge 33. Fumaria - Confusion 34. Lakshmi - Que Tal 35. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 36. Heik, Soloiist - Endeavour 37. Ellis Moss - Calling 38. Volen Sentir, Proff - Luna Amazonia 39. Greenjack - Utopia 40. Ry X, Fran Bux - To Know 41. Corren Cavini - Solutions 42. Vincenzo Sarti, Annamaria Selva, As We Said - Flower 43. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 44. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 45. Max Graham, Second Sine - Chance to Escape 46. Third Son - Ptolemy 47. Max Graham, Gmj & Matter - Hypercube 48. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 49. Barissi, Pinto - Baya'ar 50. Underher, Marc Luciano - Turn Back 51. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 52. Taylan, The Wash - Sama 53. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 54. Dub Pepper, Vetadisco - UnderDog 55. Catom - Reimagined 56. Eanp - Hypnotica 57. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 58. F'Al - Gravity 59. Teklix - Yage 60. London Grammar, Camelphat - Higher 61. Sculptor - Watcher 62. Workover - Winter 63. Blanka Barbara, Funksun - Celestial Trail 64. Skyhunter, Juan Sapia - Redemption 65. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 66. Newdem - Going Up 67. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 68. Dmitry Molosh - Frame

01. Anatolie, Airsand, Turaniqa - Final Call 02. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 03. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 04. Steve Kelley - Green Daze 05. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 06. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 07. Cosmic Gate, James French - Take Me 08. Agustin Pietrocola - Quantum 09. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 10. Jerome Isma-Ae, Alastor - String Of Lights 11. Matt Oliver, Freedo Mosho, Futura City Club - Finished Work 12. Ernes Guevara, Freedo Mosho, Marway - A Persistent Dream 13. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 14. Simon Vuarambon - Quiral 15. Luciano Elvira, Kyotto - Dudemile 16. Aquo, Roumie, Yonsh - Who Made Us 17. Levandowskiy, Sche, Santa Hreep - It's over 18. Gmj, Noiyse Project - Into Fruition 19. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 20. David Di Sabato, Deviu, Artaria - Divergence 21. Binaryh, Mary Mesk - Hypatia 22. Passenger 10 - Barcelona 23. Viapo - Mental Note Avocado 24. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 25. Tryger, Naasa - Satellite 26. Tonaco - Holosteric 27. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 28. Jakatta, Proff - American Dream 29. Liudicrous - Close Your Eyes 30. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 31. Vintage Culture, Braev, Nihil Young - Time 32. Above & Beyond, Proff, Igor Garanin - Surge 33. Fumaria - Confusion 34. Lakshmi - Que Tal 35. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 36. Heik, Soloiist - Endeavour 37. Ellis Moss - Calling 38. Volen Sentir, Proff - Luna Amazonia 39. Greenjack - Utopia 40. Ry X, Fran Bux - To Know 41. Corren Cavini - Solutions 42. Vincenzo Sarti, Annamaria Selva, As We Said - Flower 43. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 44. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 45. Max Graham, Second Sine - Chance to Escape 46. Third Son - Ptolemy 47. Max Graham, Gmj & Matter - Hypercube 48. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 49. Barissi, Pinto - Baya'ar 50. Underher, Marc Luciano - Turn Back 51. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 52. Taylan, The Wash - Sama 53. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 54. Dub Pepper, Vetadisco - UnderDog 55. Catom - Reimagined 56. Eanp - Hypnotica 57. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 58. F'Al - Gravity 59. Teklix - Yage 60. London Grammar, Camelphat - Higher 61. Sculptor - Watcher 62. Workover - Winter 63. Blanka Barbara, Funksun - Celestial Trail 64. Skyhunter, Juan Sapia - Redemption 65. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 66. Newdem - Going Up 67. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 68. Dmitry Molosh - Frame

1. yehno - farfaraway 00:48:002. Braxton feat. Tailor - Everywhere 00:06:343. PROFF, M.O.S. - Namtso 00:10:444. Teho - Origins (Fejká remix) 00:15:565. Cendryma - Pass Through (Weird Sounding Dude Remix) 00:20:296. Parra For Cuva - Stellar (ANNA Remix) 00:27:18 - DIALEKT TRACK OF THE WEEK7. Ogawa, OMB, Haruo Chikada - CO2 (Kostya Outta Remix) 00:30:578. Yeadon - Look Within 00:36:409. Newmode - Horizon 00:41:3610. Boxer - 19 Crimes 00:47:0411. Shingo Nakamura - Driving 00:51:3012. Dousk - Pa Dida 00:58:18 - CLASSIC OF THE WEEK

In honor of Yoshinari Ogawa's recent retirement from pro wrestling, the Long & Winding Royal Road takes a look at one of his best matches against long-time generational rival, Jun Akiyama from September 11, 1998 at Budokan Hall.Joining WH Park to talk about this match and Ogawa's career is The Eastern Lariat's Dylan Fox.WH and Dylan discuss how Ogawa's technical style, mixed with his American heel mannerisms, made him stand out in the King's Road era of All Japan and a real-life heel to many Western fans.Watch the match on YouTube: https://youtu.be/6gTsAW1CerE?feature=sharedListen to The Eastern Lariat podcast: https://easternlariat.libsyn.com/The Eastern Lariat on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/easternlariat/Support this podcast on Chopped Tees:L&WRR on Chopped TeesPOST Puroresu on Chopped TeesMCU L8R on Chopped TeesWH Park and a special guest look back at the greatest matches of All Japan Pro Wrestling from the 1990s in The Long & Winding Royal Road, a limited-edition podcast from POST Wrestling.Follow WH Park on X: https://www.twitter.com/whpark9Subscribe: https://postwrestling.com/subscribePatreon: http://postwrestlingcafe.comForum: https://forum.postwrestling.comDiscord: https://postwrestling.com/discordMerch: Chopped-Tees.com/POSTwrestlingX/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @POSTwrestlingMusic: "Across the Danube, Op. 36" by John Philip Sousa | Performed by United States Marine Band (band) and Jason Fettig (conductor) | The Complete Marches of John Philip Sousa, No.4 | Washington, DC: United States Marine Band, 2015. | Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 | Public Domain LetterAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

01. Max Graham, Second Sine - Chance to Escape 02. Third Son - Ptolemy 03. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 04. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 05. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 06. Avis Vox - Across the Line 07. Ry X, Fran Bux - To Know 08. Corren Cavini - Solutions 09. Enamour - Collider 10. Greenjack - Utopia 11. Volen Sentir, Proff - Luna Amazonia 12. Deflee, Misha Klein, Fiilo - Out Of My Mind 13. Fumaria - Confusion 14. Henri Bergmann - Station32 15. Lakshmi - Que Tal 16. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 17. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 18. Lusid, Moontalk - Less Talk 19. Bt - Lifeforce 20. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 21. Jakatta, Proff - American Dream 22. Passenger 10 - The Future Is Intelligent 23. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 24. Acrobat, Vakabular - Space Between 25. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 26. Protoculture - In Bloom 27. Tonaco - Holosteric 28. Whoriskey, Noiyse Project - Torn 29. Trilucid - Stratos 30. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 31. Ruback, Amesens - Dune 32. Matias Ocano, Fmenezs - Secrets 33. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 34. Alan Cerra - Isle Of Man 35. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 36. Kostya Outta - Chasing Highs 37. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 38. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A., Quazzar - The Night City 39. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 40. Affkt - Sopasopa 41. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 42. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 43. Beil - Surrender 44. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 45. Nopopstar - Unison 46. Alberico - Kamikaze 47. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 48. Wurtz, Iberian Muse, Bogen - Armageddon 49. Sculptor - Watcher 50. Sistersweet - Asena 51. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 52. Redspace - Long Way 53. Gianni Luciano, B.I.G (Ar), Indigo Man - Lights of Eden 54. Workover - Winter 55. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 56. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 57. Skyhunter, Juan Sapia - Redemption 58. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 59. Taylan, The Wash - Sama 60. Eanp - Hypnotica 61. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 62. Bondarev - Remote Control 63. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 64. Vegaz Sl, Enzo Vood, Noiyse Project - Gandhabba 65. F'Al - Gravity 66. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator

01. Max Graham, Second Sine - Chance to Escape 02. Third Son - Ptolemy 03. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 04. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 05. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 06. Avis Vox - Across the Line 07. Ry X, Fran Bux - To Know 08. Corren Cavini - Solutions 09. Enamour - Collider 10. Greenjack - Utopia 11. Volen Sentir, Proff - Luna Amazonia 12. Deflee, Misha Klein, Fiilo - Out Of My Mind 13. Fumaria - Confusion 14. Henri Bergmann - Station32 15. Lakshmi - Que Tal 16. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 17. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 18. Lusid, Moontalk - Less Talk 19. Bt - Lifeforce 20. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 21. Jakatta, Proff - American Dream 22. Passenger 10 - The Future Is Intelligent 23. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 24. Acrobat, Vakabular - Space Between 25. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 26. Protoculture - In Bloom 27. Tonaco - Holosteric 28. Whoriskey, Noiyse Project - Torn 29. Trilucid - Stratos 30. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 31. Ruback, Amesens - Dune 32. Matias Ocano, Fmenezs - Secrets 33. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 34. Alan Cerra - Isle Of Man 35. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 36. Kostya Outta - Chasing Highs 37. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 38. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A., Quazzar - The Night City 39. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 40. Affkt - Sopasopa 41. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 42. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 43. Beil - Surrender 44. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 45. Nopopstar - Unison 46. Alberico - Kamikaze 47. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 48. Wurtz, Iberian Muse, Bogen - Armageddon 49. Sculptor - Watcher 50. Sistersweet - Asena 51. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 52. Redspace - Long Way 53. Gianni Luciano, B.I.G (Ar), Indigo Man - Lights of Eden 54. Workover - Winter 55. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 56. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 57. Skyhunter, Juan Sapia - Redemption 58. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 59. Taylan, The Wash - Sama 60. Eanp - Hypnotica 61. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 62. Bondarev - Remote Control 63. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 64. Vegaz Sl, Enzo Vood, Noiyse Project - Gandhabba 65. F'Al - Gravity 66. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator

01. Corren Cavini - Solutions 02. Beyercraft, Alex Soun - Sunrise 03. Greenjack - Utopia 04. Krasa Rosa - Lukoshko 05. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 06. Digital Mess - Convergence 07. Third Son - Ptolemy 08. Jfr, Dj Ruby - Kill Me Again 09. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 10. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 11. Juan Sapia - Little Boy 12. Herr Nilsson - Ares 13. Max Graham, Gmj & Matter - Hypercube 14. Kyotto - Sledgehammer 15. Emcroy, Noise Generation, Zek Ar - Connection A.S. 16. Jiminy Hop, Gmj - Nawaro 17. Dowden - Eternity 18. Noiyse Project - Onism 19. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 20. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 21. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 22. Noiyse Project - Fame Craver 23. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 24. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 25. Post Malone, Adam Sellouk, Ylm - Hollywood's Bleeding 26. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 27. Workover - Winter 28. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 29. Paraleven, Burko - Milosonic 30. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 31. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 32. Marc Denuit, Kebin Van Reeken - Cosmic Transpose 33. Augusto Dassano - Monsama 34. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 35. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 36. Kabi (Ar) - No More Words 37. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 38. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 39. Sasha - How To Wear Raybans Well 40. Gol'Man, Ranta - Skazka 41. Tonaco - Holosteric 42. Hal Stucker, Jardin - Empire 43. Binaryh, Mary Mesk - Hypatia 44. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 45. Weekend Heroes - The Tribe 46. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 47. Elecground - Molecule 48. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 49. Axshan, Ranj Kaler - Miracle Of Music 50. Mike Griego - Desert's Bane 51. Anyma, Rebuke - Syren 52. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 53. Topo Larocca, Kebin Van Reeken - La Nave 54. Lektrk, Ever Tapia, Nava (Mx) - Toxic Beats 55. Different Stage, Run Rivers - Rewire 56. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 57. Second Sine - Omniverse 58. Echo Daft - God Is a Frequency 59. Ranta, Krasa Rosa, Miroshin - Kolybelnaya 60. Fumaria - Confusion 61. Mayro - Overtime 62. Anma, Jax D, Michon - Abelio 63. Giza Djs, Far&High - The Snake Charmer 64. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 65. Mayro - Four In One 66. Mike Rish - Akhnaton 67. Hoten - Relentless 68. Heik, Soloiist - Endeavour

01. Corren Cavini - Solutions 02. Beyercraft, Alex Soun - Sunrise 03. Greenjack - Utopia 04. Krasa Rosa - Lukoshko 05. Ruben Karapetyan, Gai Barone - Silentium 06. Digital Mess - Convergence 07. Third Son - Ptolemy 08. Jfr, Dj Ruby - Kill Me Again 09. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 10. Blr, Left 2 Dust - Lights 11. Juan Sapia - Little Boy 12. Herr Nilsson - Ares 13. Max Graham, Gmj & Matter - Hypercube 14. Kyotto - Sledgehammer 15. Emcroy, Noise Generation, Zek Ar - Connection A.S. 16. Jiminy Hop, Gmj - Nawaro 17. Dowden - Eternity 18. Noiyse Project - Onism 19. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 20. The Naked And Famous, Weekend Heroes - Young Blood 21. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 22. Noiyse Project - Fame Craver 23. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 24. Sham Jam, Alexandr Craft - What You Doing 25. Post Malone, Adam Sellouk, Ylm - Hollywood's Bleeding 26. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 27. Workover - Winter 28. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 29. Paraleven, Burko - Milosonic 30. D'Wachman, Stereo Underground - We Will Never Forget That Never Happened 31. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Rise & Fall 32. Marc Denuit, Kebin Van Reeken - Cosmic Transpose 33. Augusto Dassano - Monsama 34. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 35. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 36. Kabi (Ar) - No More Words 37. Sonicvibe, Yoni Yarchi - Krypton Dawn 38. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 39. Sasha - How To Wear Raybans Well 40. Gol'Man, Ranta - Skazka 41. Tonaco - Holosteric 42. Hal Stucker, Jardin - Empire 43. Binaryh, Mary Mesk - Hypatia 44. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 45. Weekend Heroes - The Tribe 46. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 47. Elecground - Molecule 48. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 49. Axshan, Ranj Kaler - Miracle Of Music 50. Mike Griego - Desert's Bane 51. Anyma, Rebuke - Syren 52. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 53. Topo Larocca, Kebin Van Reeken - La Nave 54. Lektrk, Ever Tapia, Nava (Mx) - Toxic Beats 55. Different Stage, Run Rivers - Rewire 56. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 57. Second Sine - Omniverse 58. Echo Daft - God Is a Frequency 59. Ranta, Krasa Rosa, Miroshin - Kolybelnaya 60. Fumaria - Confusion 61. Mayro - Overtime 62. Anma, Jax D, Michon - Abelio 63. Giza Djs, Far&High - The Snake Charmer 64. Georgie Navi, Monado - Feel The Flow 65. Mayro - Four In One 66. Mike Rish - Akhnaton 67. Hoten - Relentless 68. Heik, Soloiist - Endeavour

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01. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 02. Adora (Sl), Vegaz Sl - Rhythm Symphony 03. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 04. Noiyse Project - The Groove Child 05. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 06. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 07. Orphix, Jacob Singer - You Don't Know Me 08. Mariz, Riko, Gugga - Together 09. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 10. Olivier Giacomotto - In the Dark 11. Fernando Olaya - Casablanca 12. Proff - Dark Magic 13. Noiyse Project, Shannon Davin, Bynomic, Blood Groove, - Running Mavka 14. Tonaco - Holosteric 15. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 16. Axshan, Ranj Kaler - Miracle Of Music 17. Verche, Luke Brancaccio, Gai Barone - Riptide 18. Elecground - Molecule 19. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 20. Tato Seco - Chemical Orchestra 21. Lektrk, Ever Tapia, Nava (Mx) - Toxic Beats 22. Cid Inc., Dmitry Molosh - Impending Storm 23. Second Sine - Motor City 24. Elecground - Replicant 25. Mike Rish - Akhnaton 26. Mayro - Canchero 27. Echo Daft - God Is a Frequency 28. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 29. Anma, Jax D, Michon - Abelio 30. Ruls, Sandokan, Rockka - Euphoric Immersion 31. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A. - Is My Way 32. Liam Garcia, Keef Luv, Dimi Mechero - C D A 33. Marway - Sine Soul 34. Teho, Moritz Hofbauer - Continuum 35. Dykstra, Ignacio Arbeleche - Ilusion 36. Misha Klein - Watchin You 37. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 38. Alex Breitling - Wasted Youth 39. Riko & Gugga - Healing Process 40. Riko, Gugga - Voyage Voyage 41. Eanp - Hypnotica 42. Aroma (Ind), Rigooni - Fight It Off 43. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 44. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 45. Lane 8, Kasablanca - Remission 46. Maze 28 - Red Lights From Afar 47. Meeting Molly - Double Tree 48. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 49. Santiago Luna, Martin Huge - Himmel 50. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 51. Rockka - Realms of Silence 52. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 53. Post Malone, Adam Sellouk, Ylm - Hollywood's Bleeding 54. Mayro - Objective 55. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 56. Storgards, Jody Wisternoff - Miss U 57. Paraleven, Burko - Milosonic 58. Oak And Hammer, Dowden - Nacht 59. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A., Quazzar - Hello Brother 60. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 61. Redspace, Gabo Martin - Night Vibrations 62. Space Food - Cama 63. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 64. D-Nox, Vakabular - The End 65. Maze 28 - Redux 66. Matan Caspi, Teklix - East To West 67. Augusto Dassano - Monsama 68. Anuqram - System Change

01. Ewan Rill, Fran Garay - The Power 02. Adora (Sl), Vegaz Sl - Rhythm Symphony 03. Kabi (Ar) - Venom 04. Noiyse Project - The Groove Child 05. Jaded, Tom & Collins, Crcle - IBIZA 06. Omb, Ogawa, Lunasun, Kostya Outta - Co2 07. Orphix, Jacob Singer - You Don't Know Me 08. Mariz, Riko, Gugga - Together 09. Alex Breitling - Skyfall 10. Olivier Giacomotto - In the Dark 11. Fernando Olaya - Casablanca 12. Proff - Dark Magic 13. Noiyse Project, Shannon Davin, Bynomic, Blood Groove, - Running Mavka 14. Tonaco - Holosteric 15. Stan Kolev - Syntergy 16. Axshan, Ranj Kaler - Miracle Of Music 17. Verche, Luke Brancaccio, Gai Barone - Riptide 18. Elecground - Molecule 19. Milkwish, Van Dope, Jerome Isma-Ae - Rivers 20. Tato Seco - Chemical Orchestra 21. Lektrk, Ever Tapia, Nava (Mx) - Toxic Beats 22. Cid Inc., Dmitry Molosh - Impending Storm 23. Second Sine - Motor City 24. Elecground - Replicant 25. Mike Rish - Akhnaton 26. Mayro - Canchero 27. Echo Daft - God Is a Frequency 28. Supacooks, Fuenka - Blaster 29. Anma, Jax D, Michon - Abelio 30. Ruls, Sandokan, Rockka - Euphoric Immersion 31. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A. - Is My Way 32. Liam Garcia, Keef Luv, Dimi Mechero - C D A 33. Marway - Sine Soul 34. Teho, Moritz Hofbauer - Continuum 35. Dykstra, Ignacio Arbeleche - Ilusion 36. Misha Klein - Watchin You 37. Dave Walker, Luis Damora, Paul Hamilton - Callisto 38. Alex Breitling - Wasted Youth 39. Riko & Gugga - Healing Process 40. Riko, Gugga - Voyage Voyage 41. Eanp - Hypnotica 42. Aroma (Ind), Rigooni - Fight It Off 43. Taylan, Ismail.M - Valley Of Darkness 44. Monastetiq, Oysher - Oscillator 45. Lane 8, Kasablanca - Remission 46. Maze 28 - Red Lights From Afar 47. Meeting Molly - Double Tree 48. Noiyse Project - Be Next to You 49. Santiago Luna, Martin Huge - Himmel 50. Vegaz Sl, Pumbum, K. Loveski - Cloudy Night 51. Rockka - Realms of Silence 52. Hernan Cattaneo - Solaris 53. Post Malone, Adam Sellouk, Ylm - Hollywood's Bleeding 54. Mayro - Objective 55. Juan Sapia - Dragon Fly 56. Storgards, Jody Wisternoff - Miss U 57. Paraleven, Burko - Milosonic 58. Oak And Hammer, Dowden - Nacht 59. M.E.T.A.N.O.I.A., Quazzar - Hello Brother 60. Del Arte, Forgivemetommy! - Come By feat. Forrest 61. Redspace, Gabo Martin - Night Vibrations 62. Space Food - Cama 63. Oliver Koletzki, Frida Darko - Letting People Be Wrong About You 64. D-Nox, Vakabular - The End 65. Maze 28 - Redux 66. Matan Caspi, Teklix - East To West 67. Augusto Dassano - Monsama 68. Anuqram - System Change

1. Boxer - Social Hand Grenade 00:00:472. Kiras - Split 00:07:153. ARIV3 - Fading Light 00:10:494. Newmode - Escape 00:15:085. Datskie & Jordin Post ft. Mats Westbroek - Sheltered 00:19:576. Jody Wisternoff & James Grant, PROFF & Takeshi Furukawa - Mui 00:24:177. Flash Brothers - Hazy March (Paul Thomas Remix) 00:29:068. Ogawa, OMB, Haruo Chikada - CO2 (Kostya Outta Remix) 00:35:129. Yeadon - Look Within 00:40:4710. Kasablanca & Aname - Daydream 00:45:0611. OCULA - Not Far To Go 00:48:4712. CRi - Hold You 00:52:2013. Lane 8 & Sultan + Shepard - Quiet Rush 00:56:09- DIALEKT TRACK OF THE WEEK

In Episode 36 of the podcast we head into the North Alps – Japan's highest mountain range – and onto Norikura. Standing 3026 metres / 9927 feet above sea level, Mount Norikura or Norikuradake is one of the highest peaks in North Alps, a volcanic mountain which straddles the border of Nagano and Gifu Prefectures. It is here, in the village below the mountain, that we travel to meet Ogawa Yui, Community Manager of Norikura Zero Labo – a program pushing Norikura toward being Japan's first carbon neutral park. Yui's own story is an interesting one. We discuss how she came to live in Norikura Kogen, her academic and professional background that led her into current role, the environmental challenges facing Japan and Norikura and the actions being taken in Norikura in response to the climate crisis.I hope this episode inspires you to consider traveling to Norikura while also attesting to opportunities that exist in the regional areas of Japan, such as the snow country, for crafting a better life and making a real difference to communities that need more people in order to thrive. Yui and Norikura Zero Labo are striving to make a real difference, as a model for what's possible for communities everywhere, as we face the reality of the changing crisis.For more information, please visit the Norikura Zero Labo website (Japanese only)  and their Instagram, and for information about visiting, please see the Norikura Kogen website. You can also follow Yui via her personal Instagram. Images used in support of this episode were provided by Seth McAllister and cannot be used without his information. You can find his images and more information on the episode page of the Snow Country Stories Japan website. Snow Country Stories Japan is a bi-weekly podcast about life and travel in Japan's legendary 'yukiguni'. For more information about the show and your host, visit our website - www.snowcountrystories.com - and make sure to subscribe, rate and review the podcast and follow us on Instagram and Facebook.

In this episode, we get excited about two books: The Divide: A Novel by Morgan Richter and Mina's Matchbox by Yōko Ogawa, Stephen B. Snyder (translator). Then author Morgan Richter explains why now is a great time to read Batman comics.  Links The Divide: A Novel by Morgan Richter Mina's Matchbox by Yōko Ogawa, Stephen B. Snyder (translator) The Memory Police by Yōko Ogawa, Stephen B. Snyder (translator) Morgan Richter's website, YouTube channel, and Twitter Nightwing Vol. 1: Leaping Into the Light by Tom Taylor, Bruno Redondo (illustrator) Catwoman 1: Trail of the Catwoman by Darwyn Cooke & Ed Brubaker (illustrated by Cameron Stewart, Mike Allred, Brad Rader) Transcript of this episode. The Library of Lost Time is a Strong Sense of Place Production! https://strongsenseofplace.com Join our FREE Substack to get our (awesome) newsletter and join in chats with other people who love books and travel. Do you enjoy our show? Do you want to make friends with other (lovely) listeners? Please support our work on Patreon. Every little bit helps us keep the show going and makes us feel warm and fuzzy inside - https://www.patreon.com/strongsenseofplace As always, you can find us at: Our site Instagram Substack Patreon Parts of the Strong Sense of Place podcast are produced in udio! Some effects are provided by soundly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Flagship returns this week with a loaded show discussing AEW running Texas for All In Texas in 2025, All In Wembley's card, Kevin Sullivan's life and career, Yoshinari Ogawa's sudden retirement, NOAH's N-1 Victory, NJPW G1 Climax 34 & more! The OverrunWe ran out of time on the main show this week. To hear our review of RevPro Summer Sizzler 2024 featuring MJF vs. Oku, our review of MLW's Never Say Never, and a preview of this weekend's TripleMania: Mexico City, please subscribe to the $5 tier on FlagshipPatreon.com.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

The Flagship returns this week with a loaded show discussing AEW running Texas for All In Texas in 2025, All In Wembley's card, Kevin Sullivan's life and career, Yoshinari Ogawa's sudden retirement, NOAH's N-1 Victory, NJPW G1 Climax 34 & more! The OverrunWe ran out of time on the main show this week. To hear our review of RevPro Summer Sizzler 2024 featuring MJF vs. Oku, our review of MLW's Never Say Never, and a preview of this weekend's TripleMania: Mexico City, please subscribe to the $5 tier on FlagshipPatreon.com.Our Sponsors:* Support our sponsor XBET and use promo code VOW for a bonus of up to $1000 on your first deposit! Sign up today at http://www.xbet.agSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/voices-of-wrestling-flagship/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

1 - Hardt Antoine - I Will /  2 - BIG - Danger (Diego Moreira Remix) /  3 - Alan Cerra - Drive /  4 - Hernan Cattaneo - Tranquilo (brandub & Knowbru remix) /  5 - Alto Astral - Luciérnaga /  6 - Because Of Art - Transient /  7 - Hassan- Tunnel /  8 - Paul Deep - Tique /  9 - Ogawa, OMB, Haruo Chikada - CO2  (Kostya Outta Remix) /  10 - Paul Roux - Hold On /  Download episode on MP3 (Right click, save link as...) Help me support NGO Alegría Intensiva, Hospital Clown, in Argentina. Donate now by clicking here!!! Donar desde Argentina haciendo click aquí!!!  

Last time we spoke about operation forager and the Changsha-Hengyang campaign. On Saipan, General Holland Smith's forces advanced with the 4th Marine Division targeting Hill 600 and the 2nd Marine Division capturing Mounts Tipo Pale and Tapotchau. The 27th Division supported these efforts, encountering resistance and challenging terrain. Meanwhile, the 27th Division, under new leadership, made progress despite difficulties. Concurrently, Japanese forces initiated a three-pronged assault in Hunan, capturing significant territory despite supply challenges and heavy rain. On June 11, the 40th Division took control of Yiyang while the 34th Division moved toward Yuelu Mountain. The 68th and 116th bypassed Changsha towards Guanqiao, with the 3rd and 13th facing resistance near Liuyang, which fell on June 14. Xue Yue retreated to Liling as Chinese defenses crumbled. Concurrently, the U.S. initiated Operation Matterhorn, targeting Japan's industrial sites. Despite challenges, the initial bombing runs prompted further strategic bombings, marking a significant phase in the Pacific War. This episode is the Fall of Saipan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.    As we last saw, the Americans had begun their advance into Central Saipan. They achieved significant success on the right with the 4th Marine Division, but faced difficulties breaking through on the left and center. Following the victory in the Philippine Sea, Admiral Turner successfully completed unloading operations, landing approximately 60,000 troops and 75,000 tons of supplies by June 26. To maintain air superiority, Admiral Mitscher conducted raids on the islands of Pagan, Tinian, Guam, Rota, and Iwo Jima, and continued these raids over the next few days, despite ongoing Japanese night air attacks against the American beachhead. In a strategic effort to keep the Japanese unsettled and unable to prepare for counterattacks, Carrier Task Group One raided Pagan Island on June 23rd. The neighboring islands in the Marianas were also not ignored; almost daily photo reconnaissance missions were conducted over Guam and Tinian to monitor any changes in their situation or positions before the landings. On June 25, Carrier Task Group Three carried out intense bombing raids on Guam and Rota to further incapacitate the airfields and installations there. The first significant naval raid following the battle, beyond routine operations, was an attempted strike against the Volcano-Bonin group, which escalated into a substantial air battle initiated by the Japanese. At 6:00 on June 24th, Vice Admiral Joseph J. Clark's Task Group 58.1, comprising the Hornet, Yorktown, and Bataan launched a long-range fighter sweep of 48 Hellcats against Iwo Jima, which was intercepted by numerous enemy fighters. In the ensuing battle, four U.S. Hellcats were lost, while Japanese losses were estimated at 68 fighters and bombers. Despite this defeat, the Japanese attempted another attack against Clark's task group with the remnants of their local air force. This attempt ended disastrously for them, as U.S. interceptors shot down an additional 46 aircraft, bringing the day's total to 114. Task Group 58.1, having completed its mission without bombing the airfields, safely returned to Eniwetok without incident. On the opposing side, after the fall of Mount Tapotchau, General Saito organized a final line of resistance between Tanapag, Radar Hill, and Tarahoho. In a brief resume on the morning of 27th June, Major General Igeta summarized the situation: “The summit of Tapotchau was occupied yesterday evening. Front line units tried to retake it with a night attack, but did not succeed as planned. In Donnay the enemy broke through with a number of tanks, but their advance was slow. Thereafter, no great change in the situation. The defense force, along with the firmest possible defense of its present front line and its activities toward annihilation of the enemy, is at present setting up with a line between Tanapag--Hill 221 (Radar Hill)--Tarahoho as the final line of resistance… Meanwhile, about 50 men of the 118th Infantry are improving their positions on the east side of Hill 343, and one company of the 136th Infantry is improving its position on Hill 268, and about 50 men of the 118 Infantry are digging in on the north side of that hill. The main body of the 9th Expeditionary Force, about 200 men, and about 100 men from the 9th Tank Regiment are consolidating their positions north and east of there in the high ground (Chacha water area).”Although the pre-landing preparations had been largely ineffective, continuous naval bombardment during the battle forced his troops to stay low and defend under intense pressure. For the June 27 attack, General Smith ordered the three divisions to advance side by side and capture the O-6 Line. On General Schmidt's front, progress was swift. The 23rd Marines advanced quickly, facing only sporadic rifle fire from the villages of Donnay and Hashigoru, and reached their objective. Meanwhile, the 165th Regiment moved rapidly through the hills but struggled to maintain contact, requiring the deployment of a battalion from the 24th Marines to fill the gap and repel an enemy tank attack. In the center, the 106th Regiment encircled Hell's Pocket and established a cordon at the north end of Death Valley, although they made little progress against Hill Able. To the left, General Watson's Marines advanced about 200 yards along Mount Tapotchau's western slopes while the division realigned its lines. Despite largely ineffective pre-landing preparations, the continuous naval bombardment during the battle forced enemy troops to stay under cover and defend under intense pressure. In General Saito's words “The practical experiences of the defense forces of Saipan… have to do with the power of the enemy naval bombardment. If there just were no naval gunfire, we feel with determination that we could fight it out with the enemy in a decisive battle.” Underwater mines, which the Japanese had used as land mines, were found along the road and railroad in the vicinity of Donnay. Tanks detoured these mined areas without difficulty, however. A Japanese supply dump, found near Hashigoru, contained new clothing, ammunition, and infantry weapons. Lieutenant Colonel Dillon's 2nd Battalion, moving through the matted vegetation and ragged cliff line along the coast, experienced difficulty keeping abreast of the faster-moving 3d Battalion. Since a detailed search of the gnarled coast line could not be instituted without sacrificing the momentum of the attack, Colonel Jones ordered the 1st Battalion to follow Dillon's unit at 400 yards, mopping up and investigating suspicious areas. By 4:40pm the 23rd Marines had trudged to objective O-6. Both battalions immediately dispatched security-reconnaissance patrols to their front but made no contacts with the enemy.  The next day, Major-General George Griner arrived to assume command of the 27th Division, immediately reorganizing his units and deploying the reserve 3rd Battalion, 105th Regiment. The 3rd Battalion, 106th Regiment had suffered heavy casualties in its Death Valley fight. By June 28 its effective strength of riflemen numbered approximately 100, and it was reorganized into a single rifle company. Among the 3rd Battalion's casualties on June 28 was the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Harold I. Mizony, USA, killed in action when two Japanese tanks unexpectedly appeared just forward of his battalion observation post. By chance, the two enemy vehicles had found a lucrative target; commanders of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions, together with their company commanders, were gathered to plan the next move. Tightly grouped a short distance behind them were the men of the two battalions, waiting for the orders that would send them into action. Within a matter of moments the enemy tankers reaped an awful harvest, including 12 killed and 61 wounded, and then disappeared unscathed. On General Watson's front, Major Hunt's 2nd Battalion continued to fight across the open canefield toward its objective, a low ridge line north of Tipo Pale. Japanese riflemen and machine gunners, secure in their hillside grotto, raked the clearing with grazing fire. Light flame-thrower and medium tanks were available to the 6th Marines, but their use in this instance was limited because of difficult routes of approach to enemy positions, and support had to be delivered from long ranges. This left the task to the infantrymen. As everywhere demonstrated, reduction of cave positions proved a slow, painful job. By late afternoon the situation had improved slightly and the volume of Japanese fire had diminished somewhat, but the 2nd Battalion's unceasing efforts since 6:30 found it still short of the ridge line objective and very tired. A great store of energy had been burned in moving across the murderous field, yet more effort would be required. It appeared that the Japanese were rooted to the pock-marked ridge line. The Tipo Pale strong point, at which Company K, 6th Marines, had been whittling for many days, finally was secured on 28 June, permitting the company to rejoin its battalion. The tenacious Japanese soldiers in this pocket had sold their lives but had exacted from the 6th Marines a high price in time, men and effort. The 8th Marines encountered tough Japanese resistance and difficult terrain while advancing against four small hills known as the Pimples, achieving minimal progress. Meanwhile, Schmidt, positioned well behind the 27th Division, received orders to maintain current positions. However, the 23rd Regiment conducted patrols beyond its lines up to 500 yards, and the 165th Regiment secured Hill 700 to complete the movement to the O-6 Line. Over the following two days, combat fatigue and the need for the 27th Division to catch up slowed the Marine divisions almost to a halt. Beginning their attack at 11:00 on June 29, the 3rd Battalion, 105th Regiment successfully closed the gap on Griner's right flank by about 800 yards, eventually linking up with the 24th Marines the next day. On the left, the 106th Regiment encountered heavy resistance but eventually captured Death Valley and Hell's Pocket, establishing contact with the 8th Marines by June 30. Behind them, the 2nd Battalion, 165th Regiment secured Hill Able and the remaining portion of Purple Heart Ridge. Meanwhile, the Marines and the 165th Regiment conducted patrols, cleared out remaining enemy forces, and fortified their positions. The 6th and 8th Marines also made some limited progress northward, culminating in the capture of Bill's Pimple. During the night of June 30, the Japanese commenced their withdrawal towards Saito's final defensive line in an organized manner despite facing artillery fire. This new defensive line, though shorter, provided an opportunity for Saito to regroup his troops and strengthen their defense. However, failure to hold this position would spell disaster for him and his soldiers. Upon learning of the Japanese retreat, the American forces resumed their offensive on July 1, encountering stubborn resistance from remaining Japanese pockets that needed to be cleared out. The following day, General Smith's forces launched a coordinated attack. On the left flank, Colonel Stuart's 2nd Marines swiftly advanced through Garapan, Flametree, and Sugarloaf Hills, while the 6th Marines made significant gains after neutralizing an enemy stronghold. The 8th Marines, after securing the Pimples, faced heavy Japanese resistance at Limestone Hill. In the meantime, evacuation of casualties had become a problem: Marines had fallen on the open field, and all attempts to rescue them only resulted in more men being hit. The scheme finally adopted, and the one which brought success, was for a tank to position itself between the casualty and the limestone hill. By following directly behind the tanks, hospital corpsmen could then move safely to the wounded, apply hasty bandages, give them a shot of morphine, and place them on stretchers. Then, carefully coordinating their moves with the tank by talking to the driver through the sound-powered phone on the rear sponson, the stretcher bearers would precede the tank from the site, all the while shielded from Japanese fire. White phosphorous rounds dropped on the hill by the 81mm mortar platoon plus frontal blasts from the chaperoning medium tanks also contributed to the success of this resourceful project. The fact that only small arms fire spattered against the thick hulls of the tanks indicated that the Japanese had no heavier weapons readily available in the limestone hill. By dark, all wounded had been rescued, but the task of seizing the hill still remained. Only a clever night tank raid, utilizing illuminating shells and flamethrower tanks, could eliminate this stubborn Japanese position. In the center, the 106th Regiment advanced despite sporadic fire, while the 105th Regiment had to overcome the Papako strongpoint to make modest gains. With the arrival of the 27th Division at the O-6 Line, the right units could resume their advance. Consequently, the 165th Regiment encountered minimal opposition, advancing 1700 yards, while the 23rd and 24th Marines made virtually unopposed progress to the intermediate O-6A Line. On June 3, the general offensive persisted, now targeting the O-7 Line. On the front under Watson's command, the 2nd Marines successfully took control of the remaining portions of Garapan, though they encountered difficulty clearing Mutcho Point on the town's northwestern edge. Duty in the town had little to commend it; battered skeletons of what had once been buildings, and humans, and animals, dotted the area; the choking smell of death hung about like a fog. And everywhere were the pieces of corrugated iron which the Japanese and natives had used as roofing for almost every structure from the hen house to the bank. To step on one of these huge rattling sheets was to inform everyone thereabouts of one's presence. Garapan's trash and garbage dump appearance was further enhanced by odd clothing, shoes, papers, books, and miscellaneous bric-a-brac strewn through the area. Perhaps the only bright point was the copious wells, providing adequate water for the 2nd Marines to bathe away some of the filth on their bodies. The 6th Marines also advanced, halting 1000 yards from the coast, while the 8th Marines faced minimal resistance and gained approximately 1000 yards. Meanwhile, Schmidt's three regiments advanced side by side and in formation, making swift progress over challenging terrain but were ultimately halted before Hill 721 and 4th of July Hill. Nonetheless, the 24th Marines managed to capture Radar Hill, situated at the center of Saito's final defensive line. In the central area, Japanese delaying units hindered the 27th Division's progress towards the coast, with the 106th advancing another 1000 yards and the 165th about 500 yards. During the night of July 3rd the 165th Infantry command post became the scene of violent activity when 27 Japanese advanced into the installation, apparently by mistake. All of the Japanese intruders were killed with no loss to personnel of the 165th. In the morning, when an identification could be made, Colonel Ogawa Yukimatsu, commander of the Japanese 136th Infantry, was discovered among the dead. Piecing the story together, it appears that Ogawa and his headquarters group had been by-passed by U. S. advance and that he was attempting to displace to the northeast when he blundered into the 165th's command post. Detailed instructions pertaining to the establishment of Saito's final line of defense were found on his body, providing the Americans with valuable intelligence for future operations. The next morning, Griner's forces continued their northward advance, successfully securing Flores Point and the surrounding high ground. To the right, despite a disappointing artillery barrage, Schmidt's Marines swiftly captured Hill 721 and 4th of July Hill, with a bold patrol securing Hill 767 to the northeast. On the left flank, while the 2nd Marines cleared Mutcho Point and Tanapag Harbor, the 6th and 8th Marines rapidly pushed to the coast, reaching the O-7 Line. Watson's involvement in the offensive came to an end, with subsequent shifts in the axis of attack by the 27th Division and the 4th Marine Division towards the northeast.  Mindful of the significance of the day in American history and pleased with progress at Saipan, General Holland Smith distributed the following message to the landing force on the evening of July 4th: “The Commanding General takes pride on this INDEPENDENCE DAY in sending his best wishes to the fighting men on Saipan. Your unflagging gallantry and devotion to duty have been worthy of the highest praise of our country. It is fitting that on this 4th of July you should be extremely proud of your achievements. Your fight is no less important than that waged by our forefathers who gave us the liberty and freedom we have long enjoyed. Your deeds to maintain these principles will not be forgotten. To all hands a sincere well done. My confidence in your ability is unbounded.” The entire northern part of the island remained to be seized, including the important Marpi Point area; and this demanded a swing of the axis of attack to the northeast. Holland Smith, therefore, split the unconquered portion in half, assigning the left segment to the 27th Division and the right to the 4th Division. To allow sufficient time for the juggling of frontages and zones, the attack hour was delayed until noon of 5 July. Generals Griner and Schmidt, of the 27th and 4th Divisions respectively, were to "conduct such adjustment of their lines or make minor attacks prior to King-hour as they [deemed] necessary to launch a coordinated attack. . . ." The 4th Division's thrust had pushed well into the newly-assigned zone of the 27th Division, so that the previously described reliefs and shifts were necessary.  The Japanese forces remaining in the upper end of the island were poorly equipped, supplied, and often in poor health, yet they maintained high morale and a readiness to fight to the end. In the final push northward, Griner assumed control of the western front on June 25th. However, the advancement of his 105th and 165th Regiments was hindered by difficult terrain and strong resistance from fortified positions around Harakiri Gulch. On the right flank, the 24th and 25th Marines made successful progress to the O-8A Line after the 23rd Marines secured the intermediate O-7Z Line. Despite concerns of a potential Japanese counterattack during the night, accurate artillery fire dispersed enemy concentrations. The following day, Griner aimed to reach Makunsha by midday, but faced slow progress against obstacles like Harakiri Gulch and along the coastline. Consequently, Smith decided to adjust division boundaries, allowing Schmidt's Marines to expand northwestward, envelop the 27th Division north of Makunsha, and assume responsibility for the entire front for the sweep to Marpi Point. Under this revised plan, the 27th Division resumed its assault in the afternoon, breaking through a coastal ditch but encountering resistance at the Gulch. Meanwhile, the 23rd Marines, on Schmidt's front, pushed northwest and northeast, with limited progress towards Makunsha. The 24th Marines gained approximately 1800 yards, and the 25th Marines secured Mount Petosukara, where 800 civilians surrendered. Overnight, attempts to counterattack against Petosukara were swiftly thwarted, but significant action unfolded in the Makunsha region. For the 3rd Battalion, 24th Marines, stationed to protect the regiment's exposed left flank, the action was particularly vicious. Just before dawn the enemy rushed forward, armed with grenades and "idiot sticks," encouraging themselves with loud shouts and screams. Though this thrust failed to penetrate the Marines' lines, some of the enemy fell within five yards of the foremost foxholes. The action report of the 3d Battalion, 24th Marines, estimated the number of enemy killed in this attack at "more than 200." On July 6, facing the complete breach of his last line of defense and with no options left, Saito realized the futility of the situation. With his forces depleted of essential supplies and under relentless artillery barrage, he issued orders for the remaining troops to execute gyokusai, a final suicidal assault aimed at inflicting maximum damage on the enemy. Several days prior to Saito's final order the assembly of remaining Japanese forces had begun. Some Japanese were out of reach behind U. S. lines, others were hidden in the deep shadows of caves, but all available were mustered. Marpi Point, Paradise Valley and Harakiri Gulch were sites for mobilization and reorganization. Many provisional units were formed in an effort to achieve some degree of tactical unity among the assorted groups and individuals. Weapons and equipment were wanting and some Japanese were armed only with grenades or crudely-fashioned spears. One Japanese staff officer, Major Kiyoshi Yoshida who participated in the battle estimated the total participants at 1,500, many with no weapons. In the light of subsequent events, however, his estimate appears too low. Assuming that he was misinformed on this point, it is not at all surprising; even at the assembly points, U. S. artillery and mortar fire hampered Japanese efforts to organize their troops and an accurate count was impossible. As the conglomerate force moved toward Makunsha, which would serve as a point of departure, it was subjected to persistent, heavy concentrations of artillery fire. This resulted in a limping approach with leaders calling upon every conceivable device to maintain the unity of their commands. Greater silence by the sprawling force would have helped; early in the evening patrols from the 27th Division Reconnaissance Troop had detected unusual activity. This had resulted in the large number of unobserved fire concentrations thrown into the Makunsha vicinity. By nightfall, Generals Saito and Igeta, along with Admiral Nagumo, performed seppuku after a final meal, while Colonel Suzuki Takuji gathered 3000 Japanese fighters, including naval and support personnel, unarmed civilians, and the injured, for a final desperate charge.  The blow fell at 4:45am. First and hardest struck were the isolated positions held by the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 105th Infantry. The attack on these units hit from front, flank and, after moving through the gap, the rear. Almost as soon as the attack was launched, communications to the rear were cut. It was then simply a matter of two isolated battalions of soldiers fighting for their lives. This they did and did well. Some of the soldiers stacked so many dead Japanese forward of their positions that it was necessary to move to get fields of fire. Major McCarthy, commanding the 2d Battalion, described the onslaught: “It reminded me of one of those old cattle stampede scenes of the movies. The camera is in a hole in the ground and you see the herd coming and then they leap up and over you and are gone. Only the Japs just kept coming and coming. I didn't think they'd ever stop.” The sheer weight of this attack, its ponderous momentum, carried it through the soldiers' lines. In addition, hundreds of Japanese moved past the isolated defense area, using the gap on the right. The fanatical surge then carried to the 3rd Battalion, 105th Infantry, located on the high ground overlooking Harakiri Gulch. Here the soldiers were on better defensive terrain; the Japanese had to climb up to them. The lines held, and the Japanese suffered staggering losses. This portion of the battle did not cease with the coming of daylight on 7th July but continued until midafternoon. Next to feel the impetus of the determined thrust was the 3d Battalion, 10th Marines, in firing positions about 500 yards southwest of Tanapag Village. The Japanese mass that struck this unit was apparently that portion of the banzai force which had moved through the gap between the 1st and 3rd Battalions, 105th Infantry. Hardest hit were Batteries H and Headquarters and Service, in position on the left of the railroad track. Batteries I and G, set up on the right of the track also got into the fight, although they were not as closely engaged as the other two. The only battery that actually fired its howitzers during the melee was H, the others being forced to remain silent by the presence of other artillerymen to their front. During the early phases of the battle, before Battery H was forced to abandon its firing positions, one of its howitzers was turned completely around to engage a Japanese medium tank which had ploughed through to the rear. At a range of less than 50 yards the artillerymen sent 105mm shells crashing into, and destroying, their armored target. Eventually, however, the pressure from Japanese infantrymen was too great; Battery H's outnumbered survivors pulled back. In the frantic confusion and haste of the retreat, they failed to remove the breech blocks or firing locks from the howitzers. The Japanese, oddly enough, neither used nor destroyed the weapons while they had control of the area. Battery I had been attacked at 0455, with Japanese advancing astride the railroad track. The first thrust was repulsed and the Japanese fell back to reorganize. A series of actions, followed this same pattern, continued until 0650, when all of the battery's small-arms ammunition was expended. At this time the battery commander, Captain John M. Allen ordered the firing locks removed from the howitzers and the unit to fall back to the positions of Battery G. Here the two batteries continued the fight until relieved by elements of the 106th Infantry later in the day. Located directly behind Battery H, headquarters and service personnel of the battalion were forced to retire after heavy, close-in fighting. Among the 136 casualties in the battalion was the commanding officer, Major William L. Crouch, who was killed. Japanese killed in the encounter numbered 322. Even as the Japanese surged directly against the 3rd Battalion, brother artillerymen of the 4th Battalion, 10th Marines, in position to the southeast, received pressure from the fringe of the main enemy tide. In defense of its firing positions, the battalion killed about 85 Japanese. Despite the turmoil of the banzai attack, the 4th Battalion responded on the morning of 7 July to an urgent request for support originated by the 23d Marines, fighting down the cliffs above Makunsha.  By 05:30, they had advanced further, reaching the command post of the 105th Regiment, where Bishop's hastily assembled American forces, aided by artillery, managed to repel the attack. Concurrently, secondary assaults were launched in Paradise Valley and Harakiri Gulch but were promptly quelled by American firepower. By midday, the banzai charge had been effectively halted, and the few surviving Japanese soldiers retreated to Mamushka, engaging in sporadic skirmishes with American troops throughout the day. Despite a counterattack by the 106th Regiment, they were forced to halt just 200 yards short of the Tanapag perimeter, and by midnight, the remaining American survivors were successfully evacuated. During this engagement, the 105th incurred 406 fatalities and 512 injuries, while Marine artillery units sustained 45 deaths and 82 injuries. On July 8, at 04:30, the remaining Japanese forces launched another attack on the 106th's positions, only to be swiftly repelled. Against the coastal portion of this line the Japanese executed a vigorous thrust during the night of July 7th. Though the strength, organization and planning of this second attack were weak by comparison with the previous effort, the vigor and determination with which it was executed did not vary. Shortly after midnight a report came from the observation post atop Hill 767; Japanese force moving south. Enemy "feeler" patrols probing for weak spots were engaged as early as 3:00am, but the information that they took back to their commanders must not have been encouraging. No holes existed. The attack, launched about 4:30am, struck the 1st Battalion, 106th Infantry, along the beach. Grazing defensive fires swept across the flat beach like a scythe, cutting all in its path. The Japanese never seriously threatened penetration of the lines and those that attempted to swim around the flank were spotted and killed. Shortly after 7:00am the Japanese attack petered out and died. The 106th Infantry estimated that it had slaughtered about 1,000 of the enemy, while at the same time its own losses were practically negligible. Watson's Marines then assumed control over most Army units and conducted cleanup operations for the ensuing two days. They discovered a total of 4,311 Japanese casualties, including those inflicted earlier by artillery and naval bombardment. Meanwhile, Schmidt's regiments, supported by the 2nd Marines, faced resistance as they advanced northeast and northwest. The NTLF Operation Order for 8 July instructed the 2d Marine Division, less detachments, to "advance in the present 27th Infantry Division zone of action, pass through elements of [that] division on its front line, attack, mop up and destroy enemy elements. . . . Upon passing through the 27th Infantry Division assume operational control 165th Infantry and 3d Battalion, 6th Marines, . . . assume tactical control within the assigned zone of action at 0630 [8 July]." Upon passage of its lines the 27th Division would revert to NTLF reserve. No effective resistance was offered the 2nd Marine Division after it had passed through the 27th Division on the morning of 8 July, although large numbers of poorly armed and totally disorganized enemy were encountered. Some Japanese used the familiar device of hiding in caves and firing from the deep shadows, but the bulk seemed eager to die and made headlong rushes at the Marines. This foolish expenditure simplified the mop-up. The 6th Marines' action report characterized the day's activities as an "attack . . . against a disorganized, swarming mass of Japs . . . waiting for the final death blow. . . ." Adding the hundreds found strewn through its zone to the number that it disposed of, the 6th Marines made a "conservative estimate" for 8 July of 1,500 dead Japanese in its area. On more rugged terrain inland the 8th Marines encountered much the same type of resistance. Here, with more caves to investigate, the sweep was somewhat slower. One wooded pocket encountered, a deep ravine, caused a minor delay. The tactic that previously had worked so well was again employed: one company stayed behind to contain and mop-up while the rest continued the push. The 8th Marines' zone, being inland of the main path of the banzai attack, contained fewer enemy bodies; but, even so, there was conclusive evidence that a terrific battle had taken place.With this final push, Turner declared the island secured, although General Jarman's garrison troops continued mop-up operations for several months.  Following the declaration that the island was secured, efforts to induce cave-occupants to surrender were intensified. Interpreters, using public address systems, pleaded with people in caves to come out. The device was not only attempted from land but from sea as well. LCI gunboats moved close inshore and broadcast promises of good treatment, for which they were answered with fire from Japanese soldiers in the caves. Even some of Saipan's leading citizens, who had surrendered and received good treatment, talked to those in the caves, urging them to yield. But, for the effort expended, the results were not encouraging. The primary reason for this failure was that the people had been saturated with Japanese propaganda to the effect that the Americans intended to torture and kill them. This had been repeated so often that the people came to believe it. At this time the very zenith of horror occurred. Hundreds of civilians, believing that the end had come, embarked on a ghastly exhibition of self-destruction. Casting their children ahead of them, or embracing them in death, parents flung themselves from the cliffs onto the jagged rocks below. The places they jumped from would become known as "Suicide Cliff" and "Banzai Cliff". Some waded into the surf to drown or employed other gruesome means of destroying themselves. How many civilians died in this orgy of mass hysteria is not known, but it is estimated that around 1000 committed suicide. A commander of a patrol craft (YP) said that the progress of his boat around Marpi Point at this time was slow and tedious because of the hundreds of corpses floating in the water. On July 13, Colonel Riseley's 3rd Battalion executed the last Marine operation on Saipan, successfully assaulting Maniagassa Island, resulting in 14 Japanese deaths and the capture of 15 others. By the end of the battle, almost the entire Japanese garrison of approximately 28,000 personnel had been eliminated. About 1,700 were taken prisoner, including roughly half who were Korean laborers. Nearly 10,000 Saipan civilians, roughly 40% of the population, perished, with another 14,000 interned. American forces suffered approximately 16,500 casualties, comprising 3,100 fatalities and 13,000 wounded out of a total assault force of 71,000. This casualty rate, exceeding 20%, was comparable to Tarawa and marked the costliest battle for the Americans in the Pacific theater up to that point. That is all for today with Saipan as we now need to head over to New Guinea. General MacArthur's next offensive was to be the invasion of Noemfoor Island, codenamed Operation Cyclone. Noemfoor served as a crucial staging ground for Japanese forces destined to reinforce the Biak Detachment, owing mainly to its possession of two vital airfields. Despite being guarded by a modest contingent, primarily consisting of six infantry companies from Colonel Shimizu Suesada's 219th Regiment, the Japanese presence on the island was scattered, rendering their defense disorganized. Allied estimates of Japanese strength on Noemfoor were too high, for there were not more than 2,000 Japanese on the island. Probably not more than 900 of these could be counted infantry effectives. In addition to the 2,000 Japanese, there were 600-odd Formosan laborers and approximately 500 Javanese slave laborers. The 3d Battalion, 219th Infantry, contained the bulk of the combat troops, but there were also present about 180 men of the 2d Battalion, 219th Infantry, and a like number of the 222d Infantry, 36th Division, troops which had been unable to reach Biak. The Japanese garrison on Noemfoor was commanded by a Colonel Shimizu, who was also the commanding officer of the 219th Infantry. Another unit, commanded by a Major Mori, but apparently under Colonel Shimizu's operational control, seems to have been a provisional organization containing mostly armed service personnel and numbering about 600 men.  General Krueger, anticipating minimal resistance, tasked Colonel Sandlin's 158th Regiment with Operation Cyclone, overseen by General Patrick. The assault was to be facilitated by Admiral Fechteler's Task Force 77, supported by cruisers under Admiral Berkey and aircraft from the 5th and 13th Air Forces, which had been conducting preparatory bombings on Noemfoor and enemy air bases in the Vogelkop Peninsula. Patrick's strategy involved landing on Yellow Beach, where the enemy's defenses were perceived to be strongest, aiming for swift American control over Noemfoor's airfields. In many essentials, the landing plans for Noemfoor were very similar to those used at Biak; but in one major essential the Noemfoor landing plan differed radically from that employed at Biak. At the latter island the HURRICANE Task Force had used a beach which, while within easy marching distance of the principal objectives and the main concentration of enemy troops, was relatively undefended. But at Noemfoor, the landing was to be made in the face of the enemy's strongest defenses, known to be located in the Kamiri Drome area. YELLOW Beach, as the landing area was designated, extended approximately 800 yards along the western end of the airfield, which was situated almost at the high water mark. The reef presented fewer hazards there than elsewhere, since it was somewhat narrower than at most other points along the island's coast. The relative narrowness of the reef at Kamiri would also permit LCIs, LCTs, LCMs and LSTs to approach to within 450 yards of the beach, which was believed to be firm at the airfield. Moreover, landing at YELLOW Beach had the advantage of placing the assault troops immediately on their objective, permitting a rapid seizure of Kamiri Drome before the Japanese could recover from the shock of the naval and air bombardments. Enemy forces on the island would be split, and those stationed at Namber and Kornasoren Dromes would be isolated. To minimize casualties during the assault, the landing plan required the most intense naval bombardment witnessed in the Southwest Pacific Area thus far. Additionally, Krueger kept the 503rd Parachute Regiment on standby at Hollandia for airdrop once a suitable landing zone was secured, with the 34th Regiment stationed at Biak in reserve. With all preparations finalized by the end of June, Fectheler's unit set off from Toem at 18:00 on June 30, reaching southeastern Biak around 17:40 the following day. Subsequently, the American forces sailed towards Noemfoor, commencing deployment off Yellow Beach by 05:00 on July 2. Prior to the landings, the island had endured significant bombardment from General Kenney's aircraft the previous day, with additional air assaults conducted leading up to the arrival of the troops. As the soldiers readied for the shoreline assault, Berkey's cruisers and Fechteler's destroyers bombarded Yellow Beach and its surroundings for approximately 50 minutes. Immediately before the landing, air bombardment, like much of the naval gunfire, was directed against the low coral ridges and hills behind Kamiri Drome. It was believed that the most determined enemy opposition would come from positions in these ridges, and to neutralize these possible defenses the 33 B-24's, at approximately H minus 15 minutes, dropped 500-pound bombs along the ridge lines. The intensity of the Allied air and naval bombardment effectively dispersed most of the Japanese forces from the beach or kept those remaining pinned down. With the cessation of bombing, the initial wave of troop-carrying LVT's approached the outer edge of the reef, supported by rocket fire from LCI gunboats. Encountering no resistance, Sandlin's 1st and 2nd Battalions disembarked near a coral ledge overlooking Kamiri Drome. The American forces then commenced advancement in the west, east, and south directions to expand the beachhead, facing only minor resistance from caves approximately 500 yards from the eastern end of Kamiri Drome. Simultaneously, Sandlin's 3rd Battalion landed and swiftly joined mop-up operations at the east end of the airstrip, enabling the 2nd Battalion to turn southward towards the Kamiri River without encountering opposition along the way. By 4:00, the 158th had successfully secured a rectangular area approximately 3000 yards wide and around 800 yards deep, reaching south to the banks of the Kamiri River. Despite enemy mortar fire, unloading operations had progressed well, with over 7100 men, 500 vehicles, and 2250 tons of supplies successfully brought ashore by evening. American casualties for the day were limited to 3 killed, 19 wounded, and 2 injured, while the Japanese suffered 115 dead and 3 captured. In anticipation of potential Japanese resistance elsewhere, Patrick had requested reinforcements, leading Krueger to order Colonel George Jones' 503rd Parachute Regiment to advance to Kamiri. On July 3 around 05:15, regimental headquarters and the 1st Battalion began loading onto 38 C-47s at Cyclops Drome, with plans for the other two battalions to drop over the following days. Launching was completed by 07:47, with successful arrival over Noemfoor at 10:00. The leading C-47's paratroopers were on the ground just ten minutes later.  The planes were to fly over Kamiri Drome in flights of two each, the first plane at a height of 400 feet and the second echeloned slightly to the right rear at 450 feet. Subsequent flights were to follow at a distance of 300 yards. Contrary to plans, the first two C-47s flew over the strip at a height of about 175 feet, and the next eight planes all flew below 400 feet. Dropping from this low altitude caused the paratroopers in the first ten C-47s to suffer many casualties; more casualties resulted because the planes flew over the strip two abreast. The broad formation caused many paratroopers to land off the southern edge of the 100-foot-wide runway in an area where Allied vehicles, bulldozers, supply dumps, and wrecked Japanese aircraft were located. Additional hazards beyond the cleared area were jagged tree stumps, trees partially destroyed by pre-assault air and naval bombardments, and a number of anti-aircraft gun emplacements.  The drop resulted in 72 casualties among the 739 men dropped on July 3, including 31 severe fracture cases, many of whom would not be able to parachute again. Despite these challenges, Jones's 1st Battalion took control of approximately 2000 yards in the center of the defenses around Kamiri Drome upon arrival, allowing Sandlin's 2nd and 3rd Battalions to concentrate at the eastern end of the field and expand the perimeter. These battalions then proceeded eastward toward Kornasoren Drome, encountering well-prepared but unmanned defensive positions. Additionally, the 1st Battalion conducted patrols south of the Kamiri River but encountered only a few scattered enemy soldiers. The next day, Jones' 3rd Battalion initiated their drop on Kamiri Drome. They encountered casualties, with 56 jump injuries among the 685 paratroopers who landed by 10:25. Given the significant injuries from both drops, Krueger and Patrick opted to transport his remaining battalion via water. They would arrive at Noemfoor by July 11. But for now, let's shift focus from Noemfoor to the Wakde-Sarmi area to discuss its final clean-up.  Following the main conflict's conclusion on June 25, General Sibert directed the 3rd Battalion, 1st Regiment and the 3rd Battalion, 63rd Regiment to clear Lone Tree Hill. By June 30, they successfully secured the area. On the same day, the 1st Battalion, 20th Regiment moved through the defile south of the hill and encountered only a few stragglers. Seeking to fully secure the Maffin Bay staging area, Sibert extended the perimeter to the Woske River on July 1 through the 1st Regiment's efforts. By July 4, elements of the 63rd occupied Hill 225, seizing the crest of Mount Saksin the following day. However, Hill 265, located southwest of Hill 225, presented greater challenges due to Japanese resistance and difficult terrain. Yet by July 9, the 1st Battalions of the 1st and 63rd Regiments secured the hill crest, previously held by elements of the 224th Regiment. With the capture of Hill 265, the last enemy stronghold in the Maffin Bay region fell. Meanwhile, General Tagami abandoned the idea of a decisive battle in the Woske sector, opting instead to withdraw the majority of his 36th Division toward Sarmi and Sawar, with remnants of the 224th Regiment assuming defense of Woske.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The fall of Saipan pierced the Japanese inner defensive perimeter, now the home islands were vulnerable to strategic bombing. The battle claimed nearly 50,000 casualties and at least 8000 civilian deaths. The intense percentage of casualties suffered by the Americans would have a profound effect on future American planning for the Pacific War.

The Crisis in Psychotherapy: Reclaiming Its Soul in the Age of Neoliberalism" Summary: Explore the identity crisis facing psychotherapy in today's market-driven healthcare system. Learn how neoliberal capitalism and consumerism have shaped our understanding of self and mental health. Discover why mainstream therapy often reinforces individualistic self-constructions and how digital technologies risk reducing therapy to scripted interactions. Understand the need for psychotherapy to reimagine its approach, addressing social and political contexts of suffering. Join us as we examine the urgent call for a psychotherapy of liberation to combat the mental health toll of late capitalism and build a more just, caring world. Hashtags: #PsychotherapyCrisis #MentalHealthReform #NeoliberalismAndTherapy #TherapyRevolution #SocialJusticeInMentalHealth #CriticalPsychology #HolisticHealing #TherapeuticLiberation #ConsumerismAndMentalHealth #PsychotherapyFuture #CapitalismAndMentalHealth #DeepTherapy #TherapyAndSocialChange #MentalHealthActivism #PsychologicalEmancipation   Key Points: Psychotherapy is facing an identity and purpose crisis in the era of market-driven healthcare, as depth, nuance, and the therapeutic relationship are being displaced by cost containment, standardization, and mass-reproducibility. This crisis stems from a shift in notions of the self and therapy's aims, shaped by the rise of neoliberal capitalism and consumerism. The “empty self” plagued by inner lack pursues fulfillment through goods, experiences, and attainments. Mainstream psychotherapy largely reinforces this alienated, individualistic self-construction. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and manualized treatments focus narrowly on “maladaptive” thoughts and behaviors without examining broader contexts. The biomedical model's hegemony views psychological struggles as brain diseases treated pharmacologically, individualizing and medicalizing distress despite research linking it to life pains like poverty, unemployment, trauma, and isolation. Digital technologies further the trend towards disembodied, technocratic mental healthcare, risking reducing therapy to scripted interactions and gamified inputs. The neoliberal transformation of psychotherapy in the 1970s, examined by sociologist Samuel Binkley, aligned the dominant therapeutic model centered on personal growth and self-actualization with a neoliberal agenda that cast individuals as enterprising consumers responsible for their own fulfillment. To reclaim its emancipatory potential, psychotherapy must reimagine its understanding of the self and psychological distress, moving beyond an intrapsychic focus to grapple with the social, political, and existential contexts of suffering. This transformation requires fostering critical consciousness, relational vitality, collective empowerment, and aligning with movements for social justice and systemic change. The struggle to reimagine therapy is inseparable from the struggle to build a more just, caring, and sustainable world. A psychotherapy of liberation is urgently needed to address the mental health toll of late capitalism. The neoliberal restructuring of healthcare and academia marginalized psychotherapy's humanistic foundations, subordinating mental health services to market logic and elevating reductive, manualized approaches. Psychotherapy's capitulation to market forces reflects a broader disenchantment of politics by economics, reducing the complexities of mental distress to quantifiable, medicalized entities and eviscerating human subjectivity. While intuitive and phenomenological approaches are celebrated in other scientific fields like linguistics and physics, they are often dismissed in mainstream psychology, reflecting an aversion to knowledge that resists quantification. Psychotherapy should expand its understanding of meaningful evidence, making room for intuitive insights, subjective experiences, and phenomenological explorations alongside quantitative data. Academic psychology's hostility towards Jungian concepts, even as neurology revalidates them under different names, reflects hypocrisy and a commitment to familiar but ineffective models. To reclaim its relevance, psychotherapy must reconnect with its philosophical and anthropological roots, reintegrating broader frameworks to develop a more holistic understanding of mental health beyond symptom management. How Market Forces are Shaping the Practice and Future of Psychotherapy The field of psychotherapy faces an identity and purpose crisis in the era of market-driven healthcare. As managed care, pharmaceutical dominance, and the biomedical model reshape mental health treatment, psychotherapy's traditional foundations – depth, nuance, the therapeutic relationship – are being displaced by the imperatives of cost containment, standardization, and mass-reproducibility. This shift reflects the ascendancy of a neoliberal cultural ideology reducing the complexity of human suffering to decontextualized symptoms to be efficiently eliminated, not a meaningful experience to be explored and transformed. In “Constructing the Self, Constructing America,” cultural historian Philip Cushman argues this psychotherapy crisis stems from a shift in notions of the self and therapy's aims. Individual identity and psychological health are shaped by cultural, economic and political forces, not universal. The rise of neoliberal capitalism and consumerism birthed the “empty self” plagued by inner lack, pursuing fulfillment through goods, experiences, and attainments – insecure, inadequate, fearing to fall behind in life's competitive race. Mainstream psychotherapy largely reinforces this alienated, individualistic self-construction. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and manualized treatment focus narrowly on “maladaptive” thoughts and behaviors without examining social, political, existential contexts. Packaging therapy into standardized modules strips away relational essence for managed care's needs. Therapists become technicians reinforcing a decontextualized view locating problems solely in the individual, overlooking unjust social conditions shaping lives and psyches. Central is the biomedical model's hegemony, viewing psychological struggles as brain diseases treated pharmacologically – a seductive but illusory promise. Antidepressant use has massively grown despite efficacy and safety doubts, driven by pharma marketing casting everyday distress as a medical condition, not deeper malaise. The model individualizes and medicalizes distress despite research linking depression to life pains like poverty, unemployment, trauma, isolation. Digital technologies further the trend towards disembodied, technocratic mental healthcare. Online therapy platforms and apps expand access but risk reducing therapy to scripted interactions and gamified inputs, not genuine, embodied attunement and meaning-making. In his book “Getting Loose: Lifestyle Consumption in the 1970s,” sociologist Samuel Binkley examines how the social transformations of the 1970s, driven by the rise of neoliberalism and consumer culture, profoundly reshaped notions of selfhood and the goals of therapeutic practice. Binkley argues that the dominant therapeutic model that emerged during this period – one centered on the pursuit of personal growth, self-actualization, and the “loosening” of the self from traditional constraints – unwittingly aligned itself with a neoliberal agenda that cast individuals as enterprising consumers responsible for their own fulfillment and well-being. While ostensibly liberatory, this “getting loose” ethos, Binkley contends, ultimately reinforced the atomization and alienation of the self under late capitalism. By locating the source of and solution to psychological distress solely within the individual psyche, it obscured the broader social, economic, and political forces shaping mental health. In doing so, it inadvertently contributed to the very conditions of “getting loose” – the pervasive sense of being unmoored, fragmented, and adrift – that it sought to alleviate. Binkley's analysis offers a powerful lens for understanding the current crisis of psychotherapy. It suggests that the field's increasing embrace of decontextualized, technocratic approaches to treatment is not merely a capitulation to market pressures, but a logical extension of a therapeutic paradigm that has long been complicit with the individualizing logic of neoliberalism. If psychotherapy is to reclaim its emancipatory potential, it must fundamentally reimagine its understanding of the self and the nature of psychological distress. This reimagining requires a move beyond the intrapsychic focus of traditional therapy to one that grapples with the social, political, and existential contexts of suffering. It means working to foster critical consciousness, relational vitality, and collective empowerment – helping individuals to deconstruct the oppressive narratives and power structures that constrain their lives, and to tap into alternative sources of identity, belonging, and purpose. Such a transformation is not just a matter of therapeutic technique, but of political and ethical commitment. It demands that therapists reimagine their work not merely as a means of alleviating individual symptoms, but as a form of social and political action aimed at nurturing personal and collective liberation. This means cultivating spaces of collective healing and visioning, and aligning ourselves with the movements for social justice and systemic change. At stake is nothing less than the survival of psychotherapy as a healing art. If current trends persist, our field will devolve into a caricature of itself, a hollow simulacrum of the ‘branded, efficient, quality-controlled' treatment packages hocked by managed care. Therapists will be relegated to the role of glorified skills coaches and symptom-suppression specialists, while the deep psychic wounds and social pathologies underlying the epidemic of mental distress will metastasize unchecked. The choice before us is stark: Do we collude with a system that offers only the veneer of care while perpetuating the conditions of collective madness? Or do we commit ourselves anew to the still-revolutionary praxis of tending psyche, dialoguing with the unconscious, and ‘giving a soul to psychiatry' (Hillman, 1992)? Ultimately, the struggle to reimagine therapy is inseparable from the struggle to build a more just, caring, and sustainable world. As the mental health toll of late capitalism continues to mount, the need for a psychotherapy of liberation has never been more urgent. By rising to this challenge, we open up new possibilities for resilience, regeneration, and revolutionary love – and begin to create the world we long for, even as we heal the world we have. The Neoliberal Transformation of Psychotherapy The shift in psychotherapy's identity and purpose can be traced to the broader socioeconomic transformations of the late 20th century, particularly the rise of neoliberalism under the Reagan and Thatcher administrations. Neoliberal ideology, with its emphasis on privatization, deregulation, and the supremacy of market forces, profoundly reshaped the landscapes of healthcare and academia in which psychotherapy is embedded. As healthcare became increasingly privatized and profit-driven, the provision of mental health services was subordinated to the logic of the market. The ascendancy of managed care organizations and private insurance companies created powerful new stakeholders who saw psychotherapy not as a healing art, but as a commodity to be standardized, packaged, and sold. Under this market-driven system, the value of therapy was reduced to its cost-effectiveness and its capacity to produce swift, measurable outcomes. Depth, nuance, and the exploration of meaning – the traditional heart of the therapeutic enterprise – were casualties of this shift. Concurrent with these changes in healthcare, the neoliberal restructuring of academia further marginalized psychotherapy's humanistic foundations. As universities increasingly embraced a corporate model, they became beholden to the same market imperatives of efficiency, standardization, and quantification. In this milieu, the kind of research and training that could sustain a rich, multi-faceted understanding of the therapeutic process was devalued in favor of reductive, manualized approaches more amenable to the demands of the market. This academic climate elevated a narrow caste of specialists – often far removed from clinical practice – who were empowered to define the parameters of legitimate knowledge and practice in the field. Beholden to the interests of managed care, the pharmaceutical industry, and the biomedical establishment, these “experts” played a key role in cementing the hegemony of the medical model and sidelining alternative therapeutic paradigms. Psychotherapy training increasingly reflected these distorted priorities, producing generations of therapists versed in the language of symptom management and behavioral intervention, but often lacking a deeper understanding of the human condition. As researcher William Davies has argued, this neoliberal transformation of psychotherapy reflects a broader “disenchantment of politics by economics.” By reducing the complexities of mental distress to quantifiable, medicalized entities, the field has become complicit in the evisceration of human subjectivity under late capitalism. In place of a situated, meaning-making self, we are left with the hollow figure of “homo economicus” – a rational, self-interested actor shorn of deeper psychological and spiritual moorings. Tragically, the public discourse around mental health has largely been corralled into this narrow, market-friendly mold. Discussions of “chemical imbalances,” “evidence-based treatments,” and “quick fixes” abound, while more searching explorations of the psychospiritual malaise of our times are relegated to the margins. The result is a flattened, impoverished understanding of both the nature of psychological distress and the possibilities of therapeutic transformation. Psychotherapy's capitulation to market forces is thus not merely an abdication of its healing potential, but a betrayal of its emancipatory promise. By uncritically aligning itself with the dominant ideology of our age, the field has become an instrument of social control rather than a catalyst for individual and collective liberation. If therapy is to reclaim its soul, it must begin by confronting this history and imagining alternative futures beyond the neoliberal horizon. Intuition in Other Scientific Fields Noam Chomsky's groundbreaking work in linguistics and cognitive science has long been accepted as scientific canon, despite its heavy reliance on intuition and introspective phenomenology. His theories of deep grammatical structures and an innate language acquisition device in the human mind emerged not from controlled experiments or quantitative data analysis, but from a deep, intuitive engagement with the patterns of human language and thought. Yet while Chomsky's ideas are celebrated for their revolutionary implications, similar approaches in the field of psychotherapy are often met with skepticism or outright dismissal. The work of Carl Jung, for instance, which posits the existence of a collective unconscious and universal archetypes shaping human experience, is often relegated to the realm of pseudoscience or mysticism by the mainstream psychological establishment. This double standard reflects a deep-seated insecurity within academic and medical psychology about engaging with phenomena that resist easy quantification or empirical verification. There is a pervasive fear of straying too far from the narrow confines of what can be measured, controlled, and reduced to standardized formulas. Ironically, this insecurity persists even as cutting-edge research in fields like neuroscience and cognitive psychology increasingly validates many of Jung's once-marginalized ideas. Concepts like “implicit memory,” “event-related potentials,” and “predictive processing” bear striking resemblances to Jungian notions of the unconscious mind, while advanced brain imaging techniques confirm the neurological basis of personality frameworks like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Yet rather than acknowledging the pioneering nature of Jung's insights, the psychological establishment often repackages these ideas in more palatable, “scientific” terminology. This aversion to intuition and subjective experience is hardly unique to psychotherapy. Across the sciences, there is a widespread mistrust of knowledge that cannot be reduced to quantifiable data points and mathematical models. However, some of the most transformative scientific advances have emerged from precisely this kind of intuitive, imaginative thinking. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, for instance, emerged not from empirical data, but from a thought experiment – an act of pure imagination. The physicist David Bohm's innovative theories about the implicate order of the universe were rooted in a profoundly intuitive understanding of reality. And the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan attributed his brilliant insights to visions from a Hindu goddess – a claim that might be dismissed as delusional in a clinical context, but is celebrated as an expression of his unique genius. Psychotherapy should not abandon empirical rigor or the scientific method, but rather expand its understanding of what constitutes meaningful evidence. By making room for intuitive insights, subjective experiences, and phenomenological explorations alongside quantitative data and experimental findings, the field can develop a richer, more multidimensional understanding of the human mind and the process of psychological transformation. This expansive, integrative approach is necessary for psychotherapy to rise to the challenges of our time – the crisis of meaning and authenticity in an increasingly fragmented world, the epidemic of mental illness and addiction, and the collective traumas of social oppression and ecological devastation. Only by honoring the full spectrum of human knowledge and experience can we hope to catalyze the kind of deep, lasting change that our world so desperately needs. It is a particular vexation of mine that academic psychology is so hostile to the vague but perennial ideas about the unconscious that Jung and others posited. Now neurology is re-validating Jungian concepts under different names like “implicit memory”, “event-related potentials”, and “secondary and tertiary consciousness”, while qEEG brain maps are validating the underlying assumptions of the Jungian-derived MBTI. Yet the academy still cannot admit they were wrong and Jung was right, even as they publish papers in “premiere” academic journals like The Lancet that denounce Jung as pseudoscience while repurposing his ideas. This is another example of hypocrisy. Academia seems to believe its publications have innate efficacy and ethics as long as the proper rituals of psychological research are enacted. If you cite your sources, review recent literature in your echo chamber, disclose financial interests, and profess ignorance of your profession's history and the unethical systems funding your existence, then you are doing research correctly. But the systems paying for your work and existence are not mere “financial interests” – that's just business! This is considered perfectly rational, as long as one doesn't think too deeply about it. Claiming “I don't get into that stuff” or “I do academic/medical psychology” has become a way to defend oneself from not having a basic understanding of how humans and cultures are traumatized or motivated, even while running universities and hospitals. The attitude seems to be: “Let's just keep handing out CBT and drugs for another 50 years, ‘rationally' and ‘evidence-based' of course, and see how much worse things get in mental health.” No wonder outcomes and the replication crisis worsen every year, even as healthcare is ostensibly guided by rational, empirical forces. Academia has created a model of reality called science, applied so single-mindedly that they no longer care if the outcomes mirror those of the real world science was meant to serve! Academic and medical psychology have created a copy of the world they interact with, pretending it reflects reality while it fundamentally cannot, due to the material incentives driving it. We've created a scientific model meant to reflect reality, but mistake it for reality itself. We reach in vain to move objects in the mirror instead of putting the mirror away and engaging with what's actually there. How do we not see that hyper-rationalism is just another form of religion, even as we tried to replace religion with it? This conception of psychology is not only an imaginary model, but actively at war with the real, cutting us off from truly logical, evidence-based pathways we could pursue. It wars with objective reality because both demand our total allegiance. We must choose entirely between the object and its reflection, god and idol. We must decide if we want the uncertainty of real science or the imaginary sandbox we pretend is science. Adherence to this simulacrum in search of effective trauma and mental illness treatments has itself become a cultural trauma response – an addiction to the familiar and broken over the effective and frightening. This is no different than a cult or conspiracy theory. A major pillar of our civilization would rather perpetuate what is familiar and broken than dare to change. Such methodological fundamentalism is indistinguishable from religious devotion. We have a group so committed to their notion of the rational that they've decided reason and empiricism should no longer be beholden to reality. How is our approach to clinical psychology research any different than a belief in magic? The deflections of those controlling mainstream psychology should sound familiar – they are the same ego defenses we'd identify in a traumatized therapy patient. Academic psychology's reasoning is starting to resemble what it would diagnose as a personality disorder: “It's not me doing it wrong, even though I'm not getting the results I want! It's the world that's wrong by not enabling my preferred approach. Effective practitioners must be cheating or deluded. Those who do it like me are right, though none of us get good results. We'd better keep doing it our way, but harder.” As noted in my Healing the Modern Soul series, I believe that since part of psychology's role is to functionally define the “self”, clinical psychology is inherently political. Material forces will always seek to define and control what psychology can be. Most healthy definitions of self threaten baseless tradition, hierarchy, fascism, capital hoarding, and the co-opting of culture to manipulate consumption. Our culture is sick, and thus resistant to a psychology that would challenge its unhealthy games with a coherent sense of self. Like any patient, our culture wants to deflect and fears the first step of healing: admitting you have a problem. That sickness strokes the right egos and lines the right pockets, a societal-scale version of Berne's interpersonal games. Our current psychological paradigm requires a hierarchy with one group playing sick, emotional child to the other's hyper-rational, all-knowing parent. The relationship is inherently transactional, and we need to make it more authentic and collaborative. I have argued before  that one of the key challenges facing psychotherapy today is the fragmentation and complexity of modern identity. In a globalized, digitally-connected world, we are constantly navigating a myriad of roles, relationships, and cultural contexts, each with its own set of expectations and demands. Even though most people would agree that our system is bad the fragmentary nature of the postmodern has left us looking through a kaleidoscope. We are unable to agree on hero, villain, cause, solution, framework or label. This fragmentation leads to a sense of disconnection and confusion, a feeling that we are not living an authentic or integrated life. The task of psychotherapy, in this context, is to help individuals develop a more coherent and resilient sense of self, one that can withstand the centrifugal forces of modern existence. Psychotherapy can become a new mirror to cancel out the confusing reflections of the kaleidoscope. We need a new better functioning understanding of self in psychology for society to see the self and for the self to see clearly our society. The Fragmentation of Psychotherapy: Reconnecting with Philosophy and Anthropology To reclaim its soul and relevance, psychotherapy must reconnect with its philosophical and anthropological roots. These disciplines offer essential perspectives on the nature of human existence, the formation of meaning and identity, and the cultural contexts that shape our psychological realities. By reintegrating these broader frameworks, we can develop a more holistic and nuanced understanding of mental health that goes beyond the narrow confines of symptom management. Many of the most influential figures in the history of psychotherapy have argued for this more integrative approach. Irvin Yalom, for instance, has long championed an existential orientation to therapy that grapples with the fundamental questions of human existence – death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development explicitly situated psychological growth within a broader cultural and historical context. Peter Levine's work on trauma healing draws heavily from anthropological insights into the body's innate capacity for self-regulation and resilience. Carl Jung, perhaps more than any other figure, insisted on the inseparability of psychology from broader humanistic inquiry. His concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes were rooted in a deep engagement with mythology, anthropology, and comparative religion. Jung understood that individual psychological struggles often reflect larger cultural and spiritual crises, and that healing must address both personal and collective dimensions of experience. Despite the profound insights offered by these thinkers, mainstream psychotherapy has largely ignored their calls for a more integrative approach. The field's increasing alignment with the medical model and its pursuit of “evidence-based” treatments has led to a narrow focus on standardized interventions that can be easily quantified and replicated. While this approach has its merits, it often comes at the cost of deeper engagement with the philosophical and cultural dimensions of psychological experience. The relationship between psychology, philosophy, and anthropology is not merely a matter of academic interest – it is essential to the practice of effective and meaningful therapy. Philosophy provides the conceptual tools to grapple with questions of meaning, ethics, and the nature of consciousness that are often at the heart of psychological distress. Anthropology offers crucial insights into the cultural shaping of identity, the diversity of human experience, and the social contexts that give rise to mental health challenges. By reconnecting with these disciplines, psychotherapy can develop a more nuanced and culturally informed approach to healing. This might involve: Incorporating philosophical inquiry into the therapeutic process, helping clients explore questions of meaning, purpose, and values. Drawing on anthropological insights to understand how cultural norms and social structures shape psychological experience and expressions of distress. Developing more holistic models of mental health that account for the interconnectedness of mind, body, culture, and environment. Fostering dialogue between psychotherapists, philosophers, and anthropologists to enrich our understanding of human experience and suffering. Training therapists in a broader range of humanistic disciplines to cultivate a more integrative and culturally sensitive approach to healing. The reintegration of philosophy and anthropology into psychotherapy is not merely an academic exercise – it is essential for addressing the complex psychological challenges of our time. As we grapple with global crises like climate change, political polarization, and the erosion of traditional sources of meaning, we need a psychology that can engage with the big questions of human existence and the cultural forces shaping our collective psyche. By reclaiming its connections to philosophy and anthropology, psychotherapy can move beyond its current crisis and reclaim its role as a vital force for individual and collective healing. In doing so, it can offer not just symptom relief, but a deeper engagement with the fundamental questions of what it means to be human in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. References: Binkley, S. (2007). Getting loose: Lifestyle consumption in the 1970s. Duke University Press. Cipriani, A., Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., Chaimani, A., Atkinson, L. Z., Ogawa, Y., … & Geddes, J. R. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet, 391(10128), 1357-1366. Cushman, P. (1995). Constructing the self, constructing America: A cultural history of psychotherapy. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Davies, W. (2014). The limits of neoliberalism: Authority, sovereignty and the logic of competition. Sage. Fisher, M. (2009). Capitalist realism: Is there no alternative?. John Hunt Publishing. Hillman, J. (1992). The thought of the heart and the soul of the world. Spring Publications. Kirsch, I. (2010). The emperor's new drugs: Exploding the antidepressant myth. Basic Books. Layton, L. (2009). Who's responsible? Our mutual implication in each other's suffering. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 19(2), 105-120. Penny, L. (2015). Self-care isn't enough. We need community care to thrive. Open Democracy. Retrieved from https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/transformation/selfcare-isnt-enough-we-need-community-care-to-thrive/ Rose, N. (2019). Our psychiatric future: The politics of mental health. John Wiley & Sons. Samuels, A. (2014). Politics on the couch: Citizenship and the internal life. Karnac Books. Shedler, J. (2018). Where is the evidence for “evidence-based” therapy?. Psychiatric Clinics, 41(2), 319-329. Sugarman, J. (2015). Neoliberalism and psychological ethics. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(2), 103. Watkins, M., & Shulman, H. (2008). Toward psychologies of liberation. Palgrave Macmillan. Whitaker, R. (2010). Anatomy of an epidemic: Magic bullets, psychiatric drugs, and the astonishing rise of mental illness in America. Broadway Books. Winerman, L. (2017). By the numbers: Antidepressant use on the rise. Monitor on Psychology, 48(10), 120. Suggested further reading: Bordo, S. (2004). Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body. University of California Press. Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company. Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1988). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. Bloomsbury Publishing. Fanon, F. (2007). The wretched of the earth. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. Foucault, M. (1988). Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. Vintage. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Bloomsbury publishing USA. Fromm, E. (1955). The sane society. Routledge. Hari, J. (2018). Lost connections: Uncovering the real causes of depression–and the unexpected solutions. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence–from domestic abuse to political terror. Hachette UK. hooks, b. (2014). Teaching to transgress. Routledge. Illouz, E. (2008). Saving the modern soul: Therapy, emotions, and the culture of self-help. Univ of California Press. Laing, R. D. (1960). The divided self: An existential study in sanity and madness. Penguin UK. Martín-Baró, I. (1996). Writings for a liberation psychology. Harvard University Press. McKenzie, K., & Bhui, K. (Eds.). (2020). Institutional racism in psychiatry and clinical psychology: Race matters in mental health. Springer Nature. Metzl, J. M. (2010). The protest psychosis: How schizophrenia became a black disease. Beacon Press. Orr, J. (2006). Panic diaries: A genealogy of panic disorder. Duke University Press. Scaer, R. (2014). The body bears the burden: Trauma, dissociation, and disease. Routledge. Szasz, T. S. (1997). The manufacture of madness: A comparative study of the inquisition and the mental health movement. Syracuse University Press. Taylor, C. (2012). Sources of the self: The making of the modern identity. Cambridge University Press. Teo, T. (2015). Critical psychology: A geography of intellectual engagement and resistance. American Psychologist, 70(3), 243. Tolleson, J. (2011). Saving the world one patient at a time: Psychoanalysis and social critique. Psychotherapy and Politics International, 9(2), 160-170.

Kevin Scampoli and Geno The Bull DM Alicia Fox. Join Discord on https://havegrit.club 

Kevin Scampoli and Geno The Bull DM Alicia Fox. Join Discord on https://havegrit.club   

It's All Been Trekked Before #368  Season 12, Episode 29   Star Trek: The Next Generation #7.15 "Lower Decks"     Stephen thought it wasn't as funny as the Lower Decks he's used to, but he liked it a lot anyway. Jimmy-Jerome agreed it was emotionally affecting, though nitpicks some logistical decisions. Both shed some tears.    Edited by Jerome Wetzel, with assistance from Resound.fm   It's All Been Trekked Before is produced by IABD Presents entertainment network. http://iabdpresents.com Please support us at http://pateron.com/iabd Follow us on social media @IABDPresents and https://www.facebook.com/ItsAllBeenTrekkedBefore 

你一定没听过的“花”边故事！如今在咖啡馆买到一杯诸如叶子、玫瑰、天鹅甚至是栩栩如生的动物图案的拉花咖啡都已经被视作日常，但你可曾想过，过去几十年里，每一个图案被创造出来的那一刻，都曾经震惊世界过，每一个图案的背后都有一位执着的咖啡师，他们也称得上是痴迷咖啡拉花Latte art这项“极限运动”的艺术家！先上一条简单的时间线，其中的细节再听东源老师娓娓道来：1900s，意式咖啡机在意大利被发明，制作浓缩咖啡并且用蒸汽棒蒸打加热牛奶1980s末，意大利维罗纳的咖啡师皮耶罗·梅洛 (Piero Merlo) 发明了郁金香（Tulip）图案；皮耶罗·梅洛后来训练卢皮Luigi Lupi，Lupi将他的创作命名为“Decorated Cappuccino装饰卡布奇诺”；1992年，西雅图的David Schimour创造了Rosetta叶子图案，Schimour首次使用Rosetta和Latte art这两个词，沿用至今；2010年，泽田洋史出版《Free Pour Latte Art拿铁拉花》，推广了三叶图案和压纹技法，首次把拉花称作极限运动；压纹技巧后来由日本咖啡师山口淳一接力推向极致，山口淳一是网红％Arabica的合伙人之一；2013年，小川咖啡Ogawa coffee的吉川久子Hisako Yoshikawa创新发明了Dragging牵引技法制作玫瑰图案，赢得World Latte Art Champion 2013 冠军2015年，澳大利亚的Caleb Cha结合使用Free pour和雕花etching的技术做了一只惟妙惟肖的老虎，获得冠军；2016年，UM PAUL在Etching的基础上，使用色素雕花，一副色素仙子图案，获得WLAC冠军，而他的导师正是Luigi Lupi；后UM PAUL也赢得了MILKROCK拉花大赛，因而被称为最会拉花的男人；2017年，ARNON THITIPRASERT创造性的发明干奶泡画技术，做出组合图，兔子、狐狸、鹿等纹样，历史性地拿到当时的最高分，夺得冠军，开启了组合图时代；清迈的人气咖啡店ROAST8RY的创始人正是他，ARNON往期采访中曾提及受到多位前冠军启发和激励；2023年，中国选手争霸前三，其中梁凡拿到WLAC世界拉花艺术大赛总冠军，关于他的作品和故事，请见下回分解～林东源老师是第一届中国台湾咖啡大师比赛冠军，二十年前，他出版了第一本深入讲解咖啡拉花的书籍《咖啡拉花的无限可能》，如今风靡全世界咖啡馆的天鹅图案也正是他首创。自1997年入行，他亲历了过去三十年精品咖啡从萌芽到发展的每一个阶段。拿咖啡拉花来讲，千禧年前，西雅图刚兴起咖啡拉花的风潮，这股风潮被两地交流的侨民带回了台湾，东源老师所在的咖啡馆正是最早一批开始研究拉花的，为了不让成群结对慕名前来的消费者失望，他从一个简单的爱心、到叶子，到潜心开发出海螺、水母甚至是天鹅这些从来没有人做过的图案，要兼顾那个时代大家对绵密厚实的奶泡的口味期待，还要做出这些具有创意的图案，这在当时非常不容易。就这样因为拉花在台湾同行中变得小有名气，后来又成为了咖啡师冠军，也因此有机会去世界其他国家地区巡游，和这些改写拉花历史的人们结识或成为好友，也成为了历史的参与者。那么拉花除了好看，能不能让咖啡变得好喝呢？还是你也有刻板印象，觉得好看的拉花都不好喝呢？“在时代进步的过程中，当然就会有各种改变！”，比如从最初意大利的厚实干奶泡，到后来风靡西雅图和台湾，要兼顾口感和作图的绵密奶泡，再到后来，对流图称霸拉花赛事，大家转而追求更具有流动性的奶泡...就这样，奶泡结构和拉花技法不断影响咖啡的出品和口感，而不同历史时期、不同国家地区的消费者的喜好更是各不相同，所以，这个问题只能靠你自己在播客中，在我们的见闻经历里找答案啦！但是，假如你刚好是个新手咖啡师、或者家庭爱好者，在拉花入门上有些小纠结，那么一定能在后半集里找到一些明确的答案～『本期嘉宾』林东源GABEE. 创办人第一届中国台湾咖啡大师比赛冠军『本集内容 Table of Contents』01:51 东源老师打招呼04:06 咖啡拉花源自哪里？05:39 David Schimour和他的Vivace，致敬意大利08:24 西雅图咖啡的风潮吹进台湾市场14:34 咖啡拉花小简史16:26 咖啡小王子和天鹅图案23:24 Milkrock拉花比赛开启神仙打架时代28:45 黄金圈和对流图33:30 泽田洋史和自由注入free pour38:11 值得铭记的WLAC冠军们的成名图45:50 Arnon的干奶泡划线技术和组合图52:38 好看的拉花其实不好喝吗？56:10 融合还是在减缓融合？01:00:52 怎样做一杯好喝又好看的拉花咖啡？01:05:06 一定新鲜萃取的浓缩才能拉花吗？01:09:42 牛奶在发泡时候发生了什么？01:17:55 为什么我在家拉不出花？01:22:45 常温奶 vs 鲜奶01:26:15 一天只喝一两杯，怎么有效练拉花？01:29:43 家用机性能会影响拉花吗？01:36:13 匹配的奶缸是工程师的智慧01:42:52 Ending & 福利『延伸资料』注：下图第一横排三图仅为示意『本期主播』YUJIA如果你喜欢我们的节目内容,请记得订阅频道。推荐您在小宇宙App,苹果Podcasts, Spotify，豆瓣播客等泛用性客户端收听我们的节目,你还可以通过喜马拉雅,网易云音乐,QQ音乐,Google podcast等平台收听我们的节目。如果您喜欢我们的内容，请别忘了在小宇宙App给我们留言、点赞，在苹果Podcast给我们五星好评，也请多分享播客给朋友们！如果希望支持我们，可以通过“爱发电”平台打赏：https://afdian.net/a/coffeeplusYYY『留言互动』 小红书:@Coffeeplus播客 @Yujia是做咖啡播客的微信公众号:Coffeeplus播客也可以搜索添加微信Fishplus_wx, 记得备注“播客”哦，邀请您进入微信社群～

John Pollock and Wai Ting review WWE Raw from Columbus with the crowning of a new Women's Champion and Awesome Truth defending the tag belts against DIY.Plus: Ricochet teams with Andrade against Dominik Mysterio & JD McDonagh, plus Gunther's first appearance since WrestleMania 40.News: Tony Khan speaks with the media after Dynasty, Von Wagner is among the WWE cuts, Matt Hardy to TNA, Conor McGregor is in court this week & more.Ad-free version available for members at POSTwrestlingCafe.comNEWS OF THE DAY:AEW Dynasty press conference Von Wagner, Indus Sher part of WWE cutsNXT confirms Battleground at UFC ApexMatt Hardy returns at TNA RebellionConor McGregor in Dublin court this weekWWE SmackDown ratings NXT Spring Breakin' & AEW Dynamite lineups POST Wrestling Café Schedule:Thursday: Rewind-A-Wai - HUSTLE 3 (Hall & Nash vs. Ogawa & Hashimoto)Friday: MCU L8R with WH Park & Rich Fann (X-Men ‘97)Friday: Rewind-A-SmackDown with John & WaiSaturday: Collision Course with Kate from MTL & John SiinoFREE Shows:Tuesday: upNXT with Davie Portman & Braden HerringtonTuesday: The Wellness PolicyWednesday: Pollock & Thurston Wednesday: Rewind-A-Dynamite Saturday: L&WRR with WH Park & Neal FlanaganWatch this podcast at youtube.com/postwrestlingPhoto Courtesy: WWE Rewind-A-Raw Theme by Colby John: https://soundcloud.com/colbyjohnSubscribe: https://postwrestling.com/subscribePatreon: http://postwrestlingcafe.comForum: https://forum.postwrestling.comDiscord: https://postwrestling.com/discordMerch: Chopped-Tees.com/POSTwrestlingX/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @POSTwrestlingOur Sponsors:* Check out eBay Motors: ebay.comAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Join Acefield Retro and Chad for the perfect wrestling show to recap the all of the wrestling news of the week, WRESTLING TONIGHT! This week we talk the fallout of AEW DYNASTY, RHEA RIPLEY's injury, ROSSY OGAWA's new promotion MARIGOLD, TNA REBELLION results, and much more. We also break down all of the wrestling news in our quick hitter news segment, as well as preview the week ahead in the world of professional wrestling. If you need to know what is going on, we will keep you up to date every week with everything you need to know! WWE, AEW, TNA, NJPW, GCW, NWA, MLW, AAA Lucha, independent wrestling... if the fans are talking about it, we will be too! SUBSCRIBE, join the community, and jump in the comments and chat us up!

Support our sponsor this week by using the link below for the exclusive Solomonster offer!FACTOR MEALS - Use the code SOLOMONSTER50 at https://factormeals.com/solomonster50 to get 50 PERCENT off!Download MODERN MANIA WRESTLING GM in the App Store or Google Play Store below and use code "SOLOMONSTER" at the settings menu:Apple: rb.gy/2jdlus | Google: rb.gy/kznnyoIt's AEW DYNASTY DAY and I've got predictions for tonight's show, plus thoughts on AEW being valued at TWO BILLION DOLLARS and Tony Khan's response to CM Punk's claim that the company did not pay for his triceps surgery after Brawl Out... FIVE WWE TALENTS RELEASED, including a former WWE champion and why the cuts were said to have been made... NBC News reports on Vince McMahon's life after WWE, which includes KITTENS AND PUPPIES (I'm surprised their sources didn't talk about him helping the blind and working at a soup kitchen, too) and speculation about him possibly starting up a new promotion... Rhea Ripley VACATES the Women's World Championship and who should win the title on Raw tomorrow night... injury updates on Seth Rollins and Drew McIntyre... Sheamus responds to getting FAT-SHAMED on social media... some of my suggested WWE DRAFT MOVES FOR RAW, SMACKDOWN AND NXT... Rossy Ogawa announces his new promotion, the two WWE stars he's attempting to bring in for a show and Kenny Omega levies some HEAVY accusations as it relates to Ogawa and Stardom... my DARK SIDE OF THE RING review on "Gentleman" Chris Adams, another eyeball story, the plane ride from hell long before WWE had its own and the shooting that killed him.***Follow Solomonster on Twitter for news and opinion:http://www.twitter.com/solomonsterSubscribe to the Solomonster Sounds Off on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/user/TheSolomonster?sub_confirmation=1Become a Solomonster Sounds Off Channel Member:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9jcg7mk93fGNqWPMfl_Aig/join

John Pollock and Brandon Thurston speak about Rossy Ogawa's new promotion, Dream Star Fighting Marigold, and CNBC's story on Vince McMahon.Joining us to chat about the pending launch is POST Wrestling's Karen Peterson as she explains the political aspect of the launch, who is involved, the talent departures across the Joshi scene, Giulia's future & more.Plus: CNBC's story on Vince McMahon and what he is up to, McMahon's stock situation at TKO, and a discussion on the state of MMA media following several moves.Music courtesy: “Panic Beat” Ben Tramer”POST WrestlingSubscribe: https://postwrestling.com/subscribePatreon: http://postwrestlingcafe.comForum: https://forum.postwrestling.comDiscord: https://discord.com/invite/Q795HhRMerch: https://store.postwrestling.comTwitter/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @POSTwrestlingWrestlenomicsSubscribe: https://wrestlenomics.com/podcast/Patreon: https://patreon.com/wrestlenomicsTwitter/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @WrestlenomicsOur Sponsors:* Check out eBay Motors: ebay.comAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

John Pollock and Brandon Thurston speak about Rossy Ogawa's new promotion, Dream Star Fighting Marigold, and NBC's story on Vince McMahon.Joining us to chat about the pending launch is POST Wrestling's Karen Peterson as she explains the political aspect of the launch, who is involved, the talent departures across the Joshi scene, Giulia's future & more.Plus: NBC's story on Vince McMahon and what he is up to, McMahon's stock situation at TKO, and a discussion on the state of MMA media following several moves.VIDEO VERSION: https://youtube.com/live/Fp5BjUNkIRsMusic courtesy: “Panic Beat” Ben Tramer”POST WrestlingSubscribe: https://postwrestling.com/subscribePatreon: http://postwrestlingcafe.comForum: https://forum.postwrestling.comDiscord: https://discord.com/invite/Q795HhRMerch: https://store.postwrestling.comTwitter/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @POSTwrestlingWrestlenomicsSubscribe: https://wrestlenomics.com/podcast/Patreon: https://patreon.com/wrestlenomicsTwitter/Facebook/Instagram/YouTube: @WrestlenomicsSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/wrestlenomics-radio2532/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Happy first week of the month (and happy birthday to our very own Paul Daly). Today, we're covering Toyota's concern over consumer demand, the fastest EV charger ever and robotaxis rolling on.Show Notes with links:Toyota continues to project a measured future for BEVs, with North America CEO Ted Ogawa estimating they'll constitute just 30% of U.S. sales by 2030, diverging from more ambitious EPA targets."I know that EPA is now reconsidering what the regulation level should be,” said Ogawa in an exclusive Automotive News interview. “However.. our starting point is what the customer demand should be… We are respecting the regulation, but more important is customer demand."The EPA's light vehicle standards as proposed require 54-60% BEV penetration by 2030. Current analysis doesn't include PHEVs, but the agency plans to include it in the final rule.2024 is the starting year for Toyota's “multi-path” strategy, offering different levels of electrification in America, with Ogawa calling the shift “one of my challenges this year.”Toyota plans to use credit purchases to comply with regulations, while prioritizing investment in EVs and hybrids, including a $13.9 billion battery complex in Liberty, N.C."Wasted investment is worse than the credit purchase," said Ogawa.Gravity Mobility, backed by Google, has launched the fastest public EV charging solution in the U.S.The startup has introduced 24 chargers in New York, currently only open to fleet operators. The chargers have a 500 kW capacity, capable of charging 200 miles in 5 minutes, equating to 2,400 miles of range per hour.The company's chargers are the size of a carry-on suitcase and Gravity plans to manufacture and deploy thousands of chargers annually, with further sites in development beyond their initial Midtown Manhattan location.Most EVs currently have a charging speed cap of 350 kW, but future models are expected to support faster charging capabilities.Competitor ChargePoint announced a product capable of 500 kW charging for two vehicles simultaneously, while Tesla Superchargers offer up to 250 kW.The self-driving robotaxi is not dead yet as Waymo has received approval to operate its vehicles up to 65mph on highways in parts of Los Angeles and the Bay Area, following a California regulator's decision.The company plans a "careful and incremental" expansion without immediate highway service plans, amid safety concerns and high-profile crashes involving autonomous vehicles.The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has approved Waymo's expansion, dismissing requests for evidentiary hearings and citing continuous technology and safety improvements.Hosts: Paul J Daly and Kyle MountsierGet the Daily Push Back email at https://www.asotu.com/ JOIN the conversation on LinkedIn at: https://www.linkedin.com/company/asotu/ Read our most recent email at: https://www.asotu.com/media/push-back-email ASOTU Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/automotivestateoftheunion

Join Acefield Retro and Chad for the perfect wrestling show to recap the all of the wrestling news of the week, WRESTLING TONIGHT! This week we discuss Cody Rhodes' wild Wrestlemania ride thus far, the firings of Scott D'Amore & Rossy Ogaway of TNA and Stardom respectively. We also break down all of the wrestling news in our quick hitter news segment, as well as preview the week ahead in the world of professional wrestling. If you need to know what is going on, we will keep you up to date every week with everything you need to know! WWE, AEW, TNA, NJPW, GCW, NWA, MLW, AAA Lucha, independent wrestling... if the fans are talking about it, we will be too! SUBSCRIBE, join the community, and jump in the comments and chat us up!

Join Ryan and Scotty as they talk about Rossy Ogawa and Scott D'Amore firings, WWE's continued lawsuit, Wrestlemania nonsense, NJPW and so much more!Leave us a Voicemail at 2525-RING-PR (252-574-6477)Support this podcast by becoming a Patreon member today!Get some merch!Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/hit-the-books-realistic-wwe-fantasy-booking/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Join Ryan and Scotty as they talk about Rossy Ogawa and Scott D'Amore firings, WWE's continued lawsuit, Wrestlemania nonsense, NJPW and so much more!Leave us a Voicemail at 2525-RING-PR (252-574-6477)Support this podcast by becoming a Patreon member today!Get some merch!Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/ring-post-radio/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Phil Lindsey (@PhilDL616) & Righteous Reg (@RighteousReg) are back with a new edition of Grapsody!This week, the guys will discuss- WrestleMania XL Kickoff #RomanReigns, #TheRock, #CodyRhodes, & #SethR go face-to-face- Swerve vs. Hangman vs. Samoa Joe at #AEWRevolution- Sting & Darby Allin vs. The Young Bucks at AEW Revolution- Scott D'Amore Fired By TNA- AEW & WWE Discussion- Mercedes Mone- Your Super Chats & more!Follow Fightul on Social Media@Fightful on XFightfulOnline on Facebook, Instagram, and Threads& Fightful.com on TikTokOur Sponsors:* Check out eBay Auto: https://www.ebay.com/Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/fightful-pro-wrestling-and-mma-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Unlock the full episode by subscribing to Flagship Patreon's $5 tier at flagshippatreon.com.Listen to a free preview of Tuesday's Bonus Flagship Podcast covering the We Want Cody movement, making sense of the Cody Rhodes/Roman Reigns/The Rock WrestleMania main event plans, Rossy Ogawa's STARDOM departure and a review of Saturday's episode of AEW Collision.Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Unlock the full episode by subscribing to Flagship Patreon's $5 tier at flagshippatreon.com.Listen to a free preview of Tuesday's Bonus Flagship Podcast covering the We Want Cody movement, making sense of the Cody Rhodes/Roman Reigns/The Rock WrestleMania main event plans, Rossy Ogawa's STARDOM departure and a review of Saturday's episode of AEW Collision.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/voices-of-wrestling-flagship/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

On this week's episode of One Nation Radio, Rich and James are joined by Floyd Johnson Jr. of All Things Elite to discuss: - Cody Rhodes. (1:21) - John Laurinaitis. (1:05:23) - AEW. (1:23:44) - Rossy Ogawa. (2:10:54) Links: Rich's new visualizer: Enough = https://youtu.be/pGLcalkMaf8?si=G_z1-ljl79VTpg0I 2023 FOH Draft = https://t.co/aBvWMvg5B1 One Nation Radio's solo feed = https://feeds.redcircle.com/a62af968-f870-4e29-b2f5-3d3543382475 ONR Live Twitch = https://www.twitch.tv/richlatta #WWE #AEW #STARDOM GET OFFICIAL SOCIAL SUPLEX PODCAST NETWORK GEAR FROM PRO WRESTLING TEES! Check out Social Suplex's columns, and the network's podcasts: One Nation Radio / Keepin' It Strong Style / All Things Elite / Imp's WWE Adventure / Wrestling Art with Chris Things / Tunnel Talk / The Trish and Sarah Wrestling Podcast, available wherever you find podcasts. Follow us on Twitter/X: @RichLatta32, @JamesBoyd87, @floydjohnsonjr, @SocialSuplex, @OneNationRadio, @ATElitePod Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SocialSuplex/ Visit our website for news, columns, and podcasts: https://socialsuplex.com/ Join the Social Suplex Discord Server: https://discord.gg/RBYFrPetFt/ Join the Social Suplex community Facebook Group: The Wrestling (Squared) Circle Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/social-suplex-podcast-network/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

durée : 00:06:24 - La chronique de Juliette Arnaud - par : Juliette ARNAUD - Est-ce qu'on peut nouer une relation forte avec quelqu'un dont la mémoire récente s'efface toutes les 80 minutes ? C'est la question que Juliette s'est posée avec ce roman racontant la relation entre un vieux monsieur ancien prof de maths atteint de ce handicap et son aide-ménagère.

Last time we spoke about the battle of Nanshan. After their loss at the battle of Yalu, the Russians began a withdrawal while trying to delay the Japanese advance upon Port Arthur. The 2nd IJA of General Oku landed at Pitzuwo along the Liaodong peninsula. To open the path to Port Arthur and cut her off from reinforcements from the rest of Manchuria. General Oku first had the 4th IJA division seize Chinchou before bombarding Nanshan both from land and sea. The Russian defenders led by Colonel Tretyakov fought like lions exacting a terrible price upon the Japanese, but ultimately it was the foolish General Fok who made a blunder of things resulting in a chaotic withdrawal. Nanshan was seized and General Nogi with the 3rd IJA began to land at Takushan ready to pounce on the prize of Dalny. Dalny was seized without a fight and now Nogi's men prepared to besiege Port Arthur.    #77 The Russo-Japanese War part 4: The Russian counter offensive at Telissu   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. As we have seen with the battles of Yalu and Nanshan, the Russians seemed to have an enormous strategic problem. The core of the problem was the fact that the Tsar appointed General Kuropatkin to lead the war, but left the real power in the hands of Admiral Alexeiev. There were clear philosophical differences between the two men, hell one was an admiral trying to lead land battles. Kuropatkin understood logistics better, he knew they needed to bide time so more men could travel abroad the trans Siberian over to the far east so a proper offensive could be made. But Alexeiev and his financial friends in the Royal Timber company feared losing their investments in Manchuria. As I mentioned in an earlier episode Alexeiev's position and appointment of Viceroyalty was actually the brainchild of Aleksandr Bezobrazov who recommended it to the Tsar. In many ways the Russo-Japanese war was fought for the financial benefit of some elites in Russia and this would help stoke revolutionary fever back home. Kuropatkin was not 100% sure of the Japanese disposition and intentions. The 1st IJA beat them at the Yalu and seemed to be heading northwest towards Liaoyang. The 2nd IJA landed at Pitzuwo, defeated them at Nanshan and now held Dalny. The 10th division, the nucleus of the soon to be created 4th IJA had landed at Takushan while the 3rd IJA seemed to still be in Japan. Kuropatkin wrote in his memoirs “it was incumbent on us, therefore to exercise great caution and to keep our forces as far as possible concentrated, so as to be ready to meet the attack of two or even three armies”. The slow pass of the trans Siberian railway to reinforce him by May was causing Kuropatkin to seriously consider withdrawing from Liaoyang to Harbin. But the Tsar and court demanded he go on the offensive to try and rescue Port Arthur. Alexeiev's chief of staff Jalinski sent to Kuropatkin basically two options. Number 1, contain the 2nd IJA and attack the 1st IJA and 4th IJA in the direction of Yalu. Number 2 perform an offensive against the 2nd IJA to the north of Port Arthur while blocking the 1st IJA. Neither option was good, but Kuropatkin chose the 2nd one. Kuropatkin believed an attack from the direction of Liaoyang would leave the Russian right flank and rear exposed to a possible landing of the 3rd IJA. Kuropatkins staff believed such a landing might occur at Yingkou. Having to allocate troops to protect his right flank and rear, Kuropatkin only had 60-70 of his 94 battalions in mid may. The railway did not run towards Yalu, therefore his logistical lines would be terrible, feeding such an immense army was not easy.  On the other side, General Nogi who had commanded the 1st IJA brigade that took Port Arthur in 1894 was given initially the 1st and 11th divisions for the same task in 1904. It soon became very apparent he required at minimum 4 divisions for the job. His force began a siege against Port Arthur and this in turn affected Kuropatkin's situation. Port Arthur had been provisioned to sustain 12 battalions for 12 months. But now it held 27 battalions and an enormous amount of refugees from places like Dalny, it was theorized to only be able to hold out for 6 months. On May 23rd Jalinski arrived to Kuropatkins HQ at Liaoyang whereupon he gave him the two options. Kuropatkin thought both options were idiotic and screamed at Jalinski, unwilling to comply. Alexeiev proposed sending the case to the Tsar for adjudication, thus both Kuropatkin and Alexeiev sent reports to the Tsar. Alexeievs case report drew attention to losing the navy and Port Arthur would lose the war based on a loss of morale. Kuropatkin explained going on an offensive southwards would simply expose his army to a devastating attack and it was better to hold up at Liaoyang and build up strength. He also advised that Port Arthur held no tactical significance anymore. The Tsar convened a council of war and they all agreed if Port Arthur fell the incoming baltic fleet would have nowhere to turn to. Thus Kuropatkin was instructed to rescue Port Arthur. In June of 1904, General Kuroki's 1st IJA was due north of Yalu heading for Liaoyang. To confront them was Lt General Keller and Major General Rennenkampf, yes that crazy badass from the last war. They had roughly 23,000 infantry, 3600 cavalry and over 90 guns of various caliber. General Oku's 2nd IJA meanwhile were going to be confronted by the 1st Siberian corps of Lt General Stakelberg who had 30,000 infantry, 3000 cavalry and over 100 guns. Within the 2nd IJA's center was Geneal Nozu's 10th IJA division who would be confronted by Major General Mishchenko's Cossack brigade. To the rear at Liaoyang and Mukden was General Kuropatkin with his growing force of 36,000 infantry, 6000 cavalry and 120 guns. The European 21st division had just arrived, and the 10th army corps + two cavalry divisions were en route. As you can see, the Russians were being forced to separate their forces by the Japanese. If they consolidated the Russians would be a force to be reckoned with. The Russians strategic lifeline, their greatest advantage was the railway, any threat to it would crush the Russian war effort. This was something that deeply troubled Kuropatkin at all times, he would have 55,000 men deployed just to defend the line between the Ural Mountains and the Manchurian frontier. Within Manchuria a force of 25,000 men were assigned to protect the lines there. Meanwhile every strategic point such as railway bridges were being attacked by Honghuzi forces under the direct guidance of Japanese officers. The Qing officially told the Russians they were doing everything they could to thwart the Honghuzi menace, but in reality they were doing pretty much nothing at all. In a single month over 90 major attempts to disrupt the railway would occur between Mukden and Tiehling. On June 7th, Kuropatkin visited Stakelberg at his HQ to give him verbal orders to accompany the written ones he received “Your Excellency's Army Corps is detailed with the object of drawing upon itself the greatest possible number of the enemy's forces and thereby weakening his army operating in the Kwantung Peninsula. Your advance, therefore, against the enemy's covering troops must be rapid and energetic, in the hope of crushing his advanced detachments should they prove to be weak in numbers. In the event of your encountering superior strength decisive action will be avoided and in no case will you allow the whole of your reserves to become engaged until the conditions are entirely clear. The object of our southerly movement is the capture of the Chinchou (Nanshan) position, and thereafter an advance on Port Arthur.” By late May, General Oku began to hear rumors the Russians were performing an advance so he dispatched the 1st Cavalry Brigade of Major General Akiyama to investigate the area of Telissu. The Japanese war plan at this moment was to gradually bring 3 of their armies together to confront the Manchurian army. The first target would be Liaoyang, but to advance to Liaoyang there were some large mountain ranges in the way. These were the Hsiungyaoshan and Fenshuling. The 1st and 4th IJA would have to pass through the passes of each mountain, those being the Motien and Fenshui passes. The Russians had fortified positions in both passes. Meanwhile, Akiyama's cavalry reached Telissu on May 30th and ran into a Russian cavalry brigade led by General Samsonov. This began a small scale battle where both sides were attacking another while simultaneously trying to reinforce their position. The 2nd squadron of the 13th IJA cavalry regiment were charged upon their left flank by two squadrons of the 8th Siberian cossacks to shocking effect. The Japanese would note the Cossacks used their lances to excellent effect. Casualties were not heavy, but the Japanese understood in the realm of cavalry they were simply outmatched. Thus the Japanese cavalry soon took up a position on along the mountains where they could dismount and fight like dragoons.  On June 3rd General Akiyama reported back to Oku that elements of the 1st Siberian army corps were entering Telissu. Oku ordered Akiyama to pull out swiftly. On the 5th, Stakelberg arrived to Telissu as the main body of the 1st Siberian corps were getting off trains. Stakelberg ordered Samsonov to take his cavalry and fortify a position 5 miles to the south. Basically Stakelberg was leapfrogging towards Port Arthur, using the railway as a general path of advance. On the 6th Oku received a report of the cavalry advance and now the Japanese were beginning to see the Russians were trying to rescue Port Arthur. IJA general HQ sent orders to ramp up activity to weaken Stakelberg's advance. Until this point the 1st and 4th IJA had been generally performing an offensive, however the 1st IJA were not exactly in a position to do so. The 10th division were still unloading at Takushan, to compensate General Kuroki was given a Guards brigade and ordered to seize Hsiuyen. Kuroki attacked Hsiuyen easily dislodging a force led by Mishchenko there by June 8th. Now back at Telissu, Stakelberg received reports on June 13th that over 20,000 Japanese were advancing north from Pulantien. He believed this to be an exaggeration so he sent three Cossack squadrons to investigate. On the same day, Oku's supplies had finally arrived and his 2nd IJA were able to begin their advance towards Liaoyang. The Cossacks saw the movement and came back to report it to Stakelberg who quickly abandoned his offensive to instead await the enemy at their prepared defensive positions south of Telissu. By the early morning of the 14th, the Japanese were 14 miles away from the forward Russian trenches. If you pull out a map of Telissu, there is a river, the Fuchou that heads in its direction. South and parallel to this is the railway going directly through Wafangtien then through Telissu. General Stakelberg deployed his troops astride the railway. To the west of the railway were the under strengthened 9th East Siberian rifle division, 5 battalions and two batteries. East of the railway was the bulk of his forces; the 1st East siberian rifle division of 12 battalions and 4 batteries. Lt General Simonov arrived to the scene to take command of the 19 cavalry squadrons previously under Samsonov, his position would be right of the Russian line. Two regiment of the 9th east siberian division and a regiment of the 3rd siberian infantry division were enroute by rail. The Japanese as usual enjoyed exact details on the Russian order of battle via their spy network. Oku had his 3rd and 5th divisions perform a frontal attack with the railway being a divisional boundary line. His 4th division was to perform a sweep going around the Fuchou valley from the west to hit the Russians right flank. So if you were looking at this on a map basically the east had a Russian division with 4 batteries facing a Japanese division with a cavalry brigade and in the west the Russians had a brigade with two batteries, 19 cavalry squadrons to face against two full Japanese divisions.  The Russians defenses were lines of trenches running for 8.5 miles. The shelter trenches were 9 inches deep with 15 inches of parapet. Riflement would be crouched shoulder to shoulder with no overhead cover. Below the Russians the valley afforded the attacker decent covered approaches, thus poor fields of fire for the defender. To the south there were some hills that provided a screen the Japanese could use to conceal their movements. As was the case with most of the battles in this war, it was to be won and lost by artillery. The Russian senior artillery officers insisted their guns could only be effective firing upon stationary targets from covered positions. The junior officers thought this was folly, but were obliged to do as they were told. The brand new Russian quick firing gun would appear for the first time in this battle, but would not be used effectively. The major problem was that of training. The Russian artillery crews had only had these guns for 4 months and as one military observer noted ‘in many, if not in most, cases, had not carried out any practice with them; the supply of ammunition was no doubt a factor'. The men simply did not really understand the enormous capability the new weapon held, because if used effectively the Japanese really had no way to counter it. On the morning of the 14th, the 3 Japanese divisions advanced. The 3rd and 5th kept in visual contact along the railway as the 4th moved further northwest to perform their hook attack. The 6th division was just beginning to land and Oku ordered them to immediately come over to build up his reserve, by the day of the battle, two battalions would make up that reserve. The advance of the Japanese had been quite fast taking the Russians off guard. The Russians were unable to lay out their telephone lines in time and would be at the mercy of runners. The Russian screening forces were gradually brushed aside until at 2pm the Japanese ran into Russian artillery fire in the center. The Japanese artillery of the 3rd division responded trying to tease out the Russian artillery positions. By 3pm a fuel artillery duel was raging. Oku's scouts re-estimated the Russians to be 3 divisions strong. Oku was well aware every hour that passed was an hour more Russian reinforcements were traveling to them via the railway. On the 15th 3000 infantry and two more artillery pieces would arrive. While the artillery duel raged, probing attacks were launched by the 34th IJA regiment against the left part of the Russian line. The 1st and 2nd East Siberian regiments had to consolidate to repel the attack, but in doing so the 2nd east siberian regiment took heavy casualties. By midday the 4th IJA division arrived to the scene and took up a position on the left bank of the Fuchou river. Their commander General Baron Ogawa read his orders at 5am on June 15th from Oku “As no danger is to be anticipated from the direction of the valley of the Fuchou river, you will detach a force of at least one brigade of infantry which will attack the enemy's right flank and help the advance of the other divisions.” Ogawa ordered his men to clear the town of Fuchou, the Russians would have been able to see this action using heliographs, but there was a large fog concealing them. Now Stakelberg did not like his subordinate Samsonov, he had very little confidence in the mans ability and that of his Cossack cavalry. In fact when a British military observer was walking touring the defensive lines with Stakelberg he pointed out how vulnerable his right flank looked. Stakelberg remarked ‘I have a (cavalry) squadron or so near Fuchou, but, if three Japanese squadrons advance, mine will retire without finding out the Japanese strength.' During the night of the 14th, said cavalry had actually discovered the Japanese advance upon their right flank and sent word of this to Stakelbergs chief of staff. The exact same British military observer happened to be present in the HQ and recalled “the chief of staff was told it was a report from Samsonov. It spoke of the Japanese advancing against their right flank. I thought to myself“that his chief had mentioned the possibility to me and would be glad to hear the news. My companion replied that Samsonov's cavalry were completely useless and that he did not intend to worry Stakelberg about the message”. At 3:30pm, Oku established his new HQ at Wafangtian. By 11pm he ordered his two divisions on the left to perform an attack on the Russian left and center up to the line of the railway set for dawn on the 15th. While the Russians would be concentrating upon their left, the 5th division supported by elements of the 4th would turn their right flank. Stakelberg seeing the pressure on his left, ordered the commander of the reserves, Major General Flasko to move from the center to the left. Glasko arrived at 6pm and placed himself under the command of Major General Gerngross who was commanding the 1st division. Thus three quarters of the Russian strength was now focused in the east, no reserves were available to support the west until the anticipated reinforcements arrived by rail that very night. Both Oku and Stakelberg were seeking to perform counterstrokes at dawn on the 15th. A counterstroke is not a counter attack by the way, it differs as it is aimed generally at the destruction of enemy forces rather than the seizure of territory. Thus you seek to block the enemy advance with a strong defensive line and then hit the enemy flank with a hammer to cause as many casualties as possible. Counter strokes are quite difficult to pull off, they heavily depend on opportunism and quite honestly the boldness of commanders. Frequently in history you see counter strokes occur just when some fresh reinforcements arrive to the scene of battle. Now its not like General Stakelberg issued some operation order for a counter stroke, what he did was sent various commanders separate memoranda. Thus one commander did not know what the other was to do. The memoranda stated that the operation would begin between 1 and 2 am on the 15th, but in an event before daybreak. The exact timing was left to the mutual agreement of commanders like Glasko and Gerngross who were commanding over 16 battalions, half the infantry on the Russian side. The orders were passed down through the night. Men savored their rolled cigarettes, those in the front trenches ate a black bread around dusk. The Russians in the forward positions could hear the Japanese preparing themselves, everyone was anxious. At 2am some shots were fired from nervous Russian positions, starting a fusillade along the entire line. The Japanese advanced during the night closer to the Russian lines as Russian officers barked at their men to restore order. No one got any sleep that night. At 4am the battlefield had a large mist hit. General Gerngross decided his counter stroke would begin at 4am, he sent word to Stakelberg of his decision and awaited his commanders approval. So to reiterate…Gerngross sent word of his decision, its not like he asked “do you approve?”, he simply expected Stakelberg to reply “I approve”. To complicate things further, Glasko sent a runner to Gerngross asking what his orders were, since Gerngross was his superior, but Gerngross had not received a reply from Stakelberg. Stakelberg, probably a bit confused, did not want to intervene in his subordinates operation, the man probably assumed as any of us would that Gerngross was going through with what he said. It was then 6:40am, nothing had been done. Glasko spoke with his staff and they decided they had to take matters into their own hands, they would start an attack. It was at that moment orders arrived from Gerngross confirming the attack and that he promised support. As the troops set off suddenly another runner showed up with new orders for Glasko from Stakelberg reading “If the Japanese advance with superior force against our centre or in any other direction, the Corps will fall back slowly to Wauchialing. In this case, Major General Glasko will hold the line Kouchiatun–Tsuichiatun as long as possible, in order to give the troops falling back by Telissu time to traverse the defile north of Tsuichiatun. Should the Japanese retire, the troops will halt, and await further order.”  Needless to say, its never a great thing when a commander is about to begin an attack and his superior is advising easing on the gas pedal and potentially withdrawing. The situation became confused very quickly. Glasko frantically called back his troops and ordered them to occupy the Kouchiatun-Tsuichitun line. Meanwhile Gerngross completely unaware of any changes in orders ordered his men to attack at 7am expected and depending on Glasko's men for support. Gerngross's 3 infantry regiments advance over a 1500 yard front in three echelons. This resulted in only a third of his force being able to fire at any one time. The 3rd IJA division within their trenches were surprised by the attack. Now General Glasko received orders yet again to go forward, but the Russian artillery was petering out and the Japanese were growing stronger.  General Ueda leading the 5th IJA division heard news of the Russian attacks and determined to take matters into his own hands. He had his artillery cross the river at 7am and began smashing Simonov's cavalry. Simonov believing he was only to perform delaying actions, pulled back northwest, thereby exposing the right flank of the Russian infantry lines. As the 5th division were battering the Russian forces, the 4th division arrived to the scene to add their weight against the thinly held Russian position. Soon the Russian right flank was being overwhelmed. At 11am Stakelberg received a distressing message that had originated back at 6am from his so called useless cavalry. It stated a strong force of Japanese were advancing southwest of Telissu. At that moment Stakelberg had a reserve of two battalions and another two battalions detraining at Telissu station. In a courageous manner, Stakelberg gathered the four battalions and personally launched an attack against the forward elements attacking his right flank. As brave as he was, he was too late to stop the inevitable. Stakelberg had two horses shot from under him before he issued orders to retreat at 11:30am.  West of the railway line, the Russian artillery was improving and the infantry lines were holding firm. The fighting became so fierce in the west, the lines converged and the men began to run out of ammunition and reportedly began tossing rocks at each other. General Oku was forced to toss half his reserve to assist the western front. Meanwhile Glasko's advance had been delayed because his artillery crews were having trouble with the terrain. Glasko had given them orders to advance against the Japanese right flank to support Gerngross's 1st east Siberian rifle division. For most of the morning, Gerngross's attention was fixated at the developing threat west of the railway. Gradually Gerngross's artillery became exposed and systematically annihilated. Gerngross's right flank were then subjugated to enfilade artillery and rifle fire from the 5th IJA division causing tremendous casualties. Glasko's forces failed to arrive to save Gerngross, thus on his own initiative by midday he ordered his division to withdraw. This order coincided with Glasko's delayed advance which ran directly into the 1st Japanese cavalry brigade advancing to the right of the 3rd IJA division. The fierce Japanese advance was far too much for his force, so he also began withdrawing. At around 2pm General Oku received word more forces were reaching the battlefield so he finally tossed his last reserve battalion to help the 3rd division pressing home the attack. Four batteries passed through the railway gap at 2pm taking a position at Lungwangmiao which was the initial forward Russian line of defense. The artillery crews found abandoned Russian guns there. Below them heading north were four regiments of the 1st east siberian rifle division. The Japanese batteries unleashed shrapnel upon them in revenge for the hours it was tossed at them. To the east and west the Russians were contracting to the center.  Stakelberg was personally directing the withdrawal from the west, but around Telissu the bulk of his corps were being hit with artillery without mercy. The acting rearguard, the 9th east siberian rifle division, courageously held the heights west of the Telissu railway to give the men a chance at evacuating the carnage. At 2pm the whistling of a steam locomotive announced the arrival of the two remaining battalions of the 9th east siberian infantry regiment coming from Kaiping. As the men jumped off the train carts they were hit with artillery and soon the Japanese were surrounding the position, talk about entering a battlefield. The transport corps blocked the route at Panlashan and trying to exit north was impossible. The 1st east siberian division were fleeing for their lives under Japanese artillery heading east, for many days they would be hunted down, to be killed or captured. By 3pm the battle had become a catastrophe for the Russians. Like a miracle, torrential rain began. Visibility fell dramatically, Stakelberg managed to salvage what remained of his army and marched them over to Kaiping. Ultimately the battle was lost because Stakelberg was unaware of the Japanese build up against his right flank. With the loss at Telissu, the Russian attempt to relieve Port Arthur had failed. The Japanese had 217 deaths, 946 wounded, for the Russians it was 477 dead, 2240 wounded and 754 missing. Russian morale was falling apart while the Japanese felt like superhumans. When the news reached St Petersburg the government and people were becoming immune to the terrible news from the east. Things were a disaster in the east, but back home in Russia, discontent was turning into a hateful fever amongst the common people who would eventually rise up.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Kuropatkin never wanted to go on the offensive and when forced to do so, everything turned to ruin. Stakelberg and his men fought bravely, but one major oversight cost them the battle at Telissu and thus Port Arthur was now on her own.   

The story in The New Yorker's November 27, 2023, issue is “Beauty Contest,” by Yoko Ogawa, translated from the Japanese by Steven Snyder. Ogawa was not able to read her story for The Writer's Voice, but, on a recent episode of the New Yorker Fiction Podcast, the writer Madeleine Thien read and discussed Ogawa's 2004 story “The Cafeteria in the Evening and a Pool in the Rain,” and we wanted to share that episode with you instead. We hope you enjoy it.