Podcasts about Exe

Systemic racism continues to shape medical education, clinical practice and patient outcomes. It's a topic near and dear to Dr. Uché Blackstock—physician, health equity advocate, and New York Times bestselling author of Legacy: A Black Physician Reckons with Racism in Medicine. In this episode, Dr. Blackstock reflects on her own experiences as a Black woman in medicine, including a misdiagnosis during medical school that left her hospitalized. She also examines how historical policies, such as the Flexner Report and redlining, continue to impact today's health inequities. The episode also touches on bias in clinical decision-making and the urgent need to reframe medical training around social determinants of health. This conversation with Movement Is Life's Dr. Mary O'Connor and Dr. Hadiya Green is a call to action for everyone working to advance health equity. Registration is now open for the upcoming Movement Is Life Annual Summit on Friday, November 14, 2025, in Washington, DC. This year's theme is “Combating Health Disparities: The Power of Movement in Community.” Visit movementislifecommunity.org for more information. Never miss an episode – subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, InigoMontoya80   Show Discussion - Inigo Montoya returns to the podcast to reveal all he has been up to… spoiler alert: it wasn't listening to everyone's favorite podcast. Some new ground was eventually covered once he got caught up but by then everyone was tired of yelling at the clouds, discussing their wills, and needed to get to bed.   Games Mentioned: ElroyOMJ - Age of Empires II:: Definitive Edition, Spray Paint Simulator, PowerWash Simulator, Hidden Cats Outlaws, Ra Ra Boom InigoMontoya80 - Human Fall Flat, PowerWash Simulator, World of Outlaws: Dirt Racing NOT World of Outlaws: Dirt Racing 24, Offroad Masters: Motocross Races ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Elizabeth Figura is a Wine developer at Code Weavers. We discuss how Wine and Proton make it possible to run Windows applications on other operating systems. Related links WineHQ Proton Crossover Direct3D MoltenVK XAudio2 Mesa 3D Graphics Library Transcript You can help correct transcripts on GitHub. Intro [00:00:00] Jeremy: Today I am talking to Elizabeth Figuera. She's a wine developer at Code Weavers. And today we're gonna talk about what that is and, uh, all the work that goes into it. [00:00:09] Elizabeth: Thank you Jeremy. I'm glad to be here. What's Wine [00:00:13] Jeremy: I think the first thing we should talk about is maybe saying what Wine is because I think a lot of people aren't familiar with the project. [00:00:20] Elizabeth: So wine is a translation layer. in fact, I would say wine is a Windows emulator. That is what the name originally stood for. it re implements the entire windows. Or you say win 32 API. so that programs that make calls into the API, will then transfer that code to wine and and we allow that Windows programs to run on, things that are not windows. So Linux, Mac, os, other operating systems such as Solaris and BSD. it works not by emulating the CPU, but by re-implementing every API, basically from scratch and translating them to their equivalent or writing new code in case there is no, you know, equivalent. System Calls [00:01:06] Jeremy: I believe what you're doing is you're emulating system calls. Could you explain what those are and, and how that relates to the project? [00:01:15] Elizabeth: Yeah. so system call in general can be used, referred to a call into the operating system, to execute some functionality that's built into the operating system. often it's used in the context of talking to the kernel windows applications actually tend to talk at a much higher level, because there's so much, so much high level functionality built into Windows. When you think about, as opposed to other operating systems that we basically, we end up end implementing much higher level behavior than you would on Linux. [00:01:49] Jeremy: And can you give some examples of what some of those system calls would be and, I suppose how they may be higher level than some of the Linux ones. [00:01:57] Elizabeth: Sure. So of course you have like low level calls like interacting with a file system, you know, created file and read and write and such. you also have, uh, high level APIs who interact with a sound driver. [00:02:12] Elizabeth: There's, uh, one I was working on earlier today, called XAudio where you, actually, you know, build this bank of of sounds. It's meant to be, played in a game and then you can position them in various 3D space. And the, and the operating system in a sense will, take care of all of the math that goes into making that work. [00:02:36] Elizabeth: That's all running on your computer and. And then it'll send that audio data to the sound card once it's transformed it. So it sounds like it's coming from a certain space. a lot of other things like, you know, parsing XML is another big one. That there's a lot of things. The, there, the, the, the space is honestly huge [00:02:59] Jeremy: And yeah, I can sort of see how those might be things you might not expect to be done by the operating system. Like you gave the example of 3D audio and XML parsing and I think XML parsing in, in particular, you would've thought that that would be something that would be handled by the, the standard library of whatever language the person was writing their application as. [00:03:22] Jeremy: So that's interesting that it's built into the os. [00:03:25] Elizabeth: Yeah. Well, and languages like, see it's not, it isn't even part of the standard library. It's higher level than that. It's, you have specific libraries that are widespread but not. Codified in a standard, but in Windows you, in Windows, they are part of the operating system. And in fact, there's several different, XML parsers in the operating system. Microsoft likes to deprecate old APIs and make new ones that do the same thing very often. [00:03:53] Jeremy: And something I've heard about Windows is that they're typically very reluctant to break backwards compatibility. So you say they're deprecated, but do they typically keep all of them still in there? [00:04:04] Elizabeth: It all still It all still works. [00:04:07] Jeremy: And that's all things that wine has to implement as well to make sure that the software works as well. [00:04:14] Jeremy: Yeah. [00:04:14] Elizabeth: Yeah. And, and we also, you know, need to make it work. we also need to implement those things to make old, programs work because there is, uh, a lot of demand, at least from, at least from people using wine for making, for getting some really old programs, working from the. Early nineties even. What people run with Wine (Productivity, build systems, servers) [00:04:36] Jeremy: And that's probably a good, thing to talk about in terms of what, what are the types of software that, that people are trying to run with wine, and what operating system are they typically using? [00:04:46] Elizabeth: Oh, in terms of software, literally all kinds, any software you can imagine that runs on Windows, people will try to run it on wine. So we're talking games, office software productivity, software accounting. people will run, build systems on wine, build their, just run, uh, build their programs using, on visual studio, running on wine. people will run wine on servers, for example, like software as a service kind of things where you don't even know that it's running on wine. really super domain specific stuff. Like I've run astronomy, software, and wine. Design, computer assisted design, even hardware drivers can sometimes work unwind. There's a bit of a gray area. How games are different [00:05:29] Jeremy: Yeah, it's um, I think from. Maybe the general public, or at least from what I've seen, I think a lot of people's exposure to it is for playing games. is there something different about games versus all those other types of, productivity software and office software that, that makes supporting those different. [00:05:53] Elizabeth: Um, there's some things about it that are different. Games of course have gotten a lot of publicity lately because there's been a huge push, largely from valve, but also some other companies to get. A lot of huge, wide range of games working well under wine. And that's really panned out in the, in a way, I think, I think we've largely succeeded. [00:06:13] Elizabeth: We've made huge strides in the past several years. 5, 5, 10 years, I think. so when you talk about what makes games different, I think, one thing games tend to do is they have a very limited set of things they're working with and they often want to make things run fast, and so they're working very close to the me They're not, they're not gonna use an XML parser, for example. [00:06:44] Elizabeth: They're just gonna talk directly as, directly to the graphics driver as they can. Right. And, and probably going to do all their own sound design. You know, I did talk about that XAudio library, but a lot of games will just talk directly as, directly to the sound driver as Windows Let some, so this is a often a blessing, honestly, because it means there's less we have to implement to make them work. when you look at a lot of productivity applications, and especially, the other thing that makes some productivity applications harder is, Microsoft makes 'em, and They like to, make a library, for use in this one program like Microsoft Office and then say, well, you know, other programs might use this as well. Let's. Put it in the operating system and expose it and write an API for it and everything. And maybe some other programs use it. mostly it's just office, but it means that office relies on a lot of things from the operating system that we all have to reimplement. [00:07:44] Jeremy: Yeah, that's somewhat counterintuitive because when you think of games, you think of these really high performance things that that seem really complicated. But it sounds like from what you're saying, because they use the lower level primitives, they're actually easier in some ways to support. [00:08:01] Elizabeth: Yeah, certainly in some ways, they, yeah, they'll do things like re-implement the heap allocator because the built-in heap allocator isn't fast enough for them. That's another good example. What makes some applications hard to support (Some are hard, can't debug other people's apps) [00:08:16] Jeremy: You mentioned Microsoft's more modern, uh, office suites. I, I've noticed there's certain applications that, that aren't supported. Like, for example, I think the modern Adobe Creative Suite. What's the difference with software like that and does that also apply to the modern office suite, or is, or is that actually supported? [00:08:39] Elizabeth: Well, in one case you have, things like Microsoft using their own APIs that I mentioned with Adobe. That applies less, I suppose, but I think to some degree, I think to some degree the answer is that some applications are just hard and there's, and, and there's no way around it. And, and we can only spend so much time on a hard application. I. Debugging things. Debugging things can get very hard with wine. Let's, let me like explain that for a minute because, Because normally when you think about debugging an application, you say, oh, I'm gonna open up my debugger, pop it in, uh, break at this point, see what like all the variables are, or they're not what I expect. Or maybe wait for it to crash and then get a back trace and see where it crashed. And why you can't do that with wine, because you don't have the application, you don't have the symbols, you don't have your debugging symbols. You don't know anything about the code you're running unless you take the time to disassemble and decompile and read through it. And that's difficult every time. It's not only difficult, every time I've, I've looked at a program and been like, I really need to just. I'm gonna just try and figure out what the program is doing. [00:10:00] Elizabeth: It takes so much time and it is never worth it. And sometimes you have to, sometimes you have no other choice, but usually you end up, you ask to rely on seeing what calls it makes into the operating system and trying to guess which one of those is going wrong. Now, sometimes you'll get lucky and it'll crash in wine code, or sometimes it'll make a call into, a function that we don't implement yet, and we know, oh, we need to implement that function. But sometimes it does something, more obscure and we have to figure out, well, like all of these millions of calls it made, which one of them is, which one of them are we implementing incorrectly? So it's returning the wrong result or not doing something that it should. And, then you add onto that the. You know, all these sort of harder to debug things like memory errors that we could make. And it's, it can be very difficult and so sometimes some applications just suffer from those hard bugs. and sometimes it's also just a matter of not enough demand for something for us to spend a lot of time on it. [00:11:11] Elizabeth: Right. [00:11:14] Jeremy: Yeah, I can see how that would be really challenging because you're, like you were saying, you don't have the symbols, so you don't have the source code, so you don't know what any of this software you're supporting, how it was actually written. And you were saying that I. A lot of times, you know, there may be some behavior that's wrong or a crash, but it's not because wine crashed or there was an error in wine. [00:11:42] Jeremy: so you just know the system calls it made, but you don't know which of the system calls didn't behave the way that the application expected. [00:11:50] Elizabeth: Exactly. Test suite (Half the code is tests) [00:11:52] Jeremy: I can see how that would be really challenging. and wine runs so many different applications. I'm, I'm kind of curious how do you even track what's working and what's not as you, you change wine because if you support thousands or tens thousands of applications, you know, how do you know when you've got a, a regression or not? [00:12:15] Elizabeth: So, it's a great question. Um, probably over half of wine by like source code volume. I actually actually check what it is, but I think it's, i, I, I think it's probably over half is what we call is tests. And these tests serve two purposes. The one purpose is a regression test. And the other purpose is they're conformance tests that test, that test how, uh, an API behaves on windows and validates that we are behaving the same way. So we write all these tests, we run them on windows and you know, write the tests to check what the windows returns, and then we run 'em on wine and make sure that that matches. and we have just such a huge body of tests to make sure that, you know, we're not breaking anything. And that every, every, all the code that we, that we get into wine that looks like, wow, it's doing that really well. Nope, that's what Windows does. The test says so. So pretty much any code that we, any new code that we get, it has to have tests to validate, to, to demonstrate that it's doing the right thing. [00:13:31] Jeremy: And so rather than testing against a specific application, seeing if it works, you're making a call to a Windows system call, seeing how it responds, and then making the same call within wine and just making sure they match. [00:13:48] Elizabeth: Yes, exactly. And that is obviously, or that is a lot more, automatable, right? Because otherwise you have to manually, you know, there's all, these are all graphical applications. [00:14:02] Elizabeth: You'd have to manually do the things and make sure they work. Um, but if you write automateable tests, you can just run them all and the machine will complain at you if it fails it continuous integration. How compatibility problems appear to users [00:14:13] Jeremy: And because there's all these potential compatibility issues where maybe a certain call doesn't behave the way an application expects. What, what are the types of what that shows when someone's using software? I mean, I, I think you mentioned crashes, but I imagine there could be all sorts of other types of behavior. [00:14:37] Elizabeth: Yes, very much so. basically anything, anything you can imagine again is, is what will happen. You can have, crashes are the easy ones because you know when and where it crashed and you can work backwards from there. but you can also get, it can, it could hang, it could not render, right? Like maybe render a black screen. for, you know, for games you could very frequently have, graphical glitches where maybe some objects won't render right? Or the entire screen will be read. Who knows? in a very bad case, you could even bring down your system and we usually say that's not wine's fault. That's the graphics library's fault. 'cause they're not supposed to do that, uh, no matter what we do. But, you know, sometimes we have to work around that anyway. but yeah, there's, there's been some very strange and idiosyncratic bugs out there too. [00:15:33] Jeremy: Yeah. And like you mentioned that uh, there's so many different things that could have gone wrong that imagine's very difficult to find. Yeah. And when software runs through wine, I think, Performance is comparable to native [00:15:49] Jeremy: A lot of our listeners will probably be familiar with running things in a virtual machine, and they know that there's a big performance impact from doing that. [00:15:57] Jeremy: How does the performance of applications compare to running natively on the original Windows OS versus virtual machines? [00:16:08] Elizabeth: So. In theory. and I, I haven't actually done this recently, so I can't speak too much to that, but in theory, the idea is it's a lot faster. so there, there, is a bit of a joke acronym to wine. wine is not an emulator, even though I started out by saying wine is an emulator, and it was originally called a Windows emulator. but what this basically means is wine is not a CPU emulator. It doesn't, when you think about emulators in a general sense, they're often, they're often emulators for specific CPUs, often older ones like, you know, the Commodore emulator or an Amiga emulator. but in this case, you have software that's written for an x86 CPU. And it's running on an x86 CPU by giving it the same instructions that it's giving on windows. It's just that when it says, now call this Windows function, it calls us instead. So that all should perform exactly the same. The only performance difference at that point is that all should perform exactly the same as opposed to a, virtual machine where you have to interpret the instructions and maybe translate them to a different instruction set. The only performance difference is going to be, in the functions that we are implementing themselves and we try to, we try to implement them to perform. As well, or almost as well as windows. There's always going to be a bit of a theoretical gap because we have to translate from say, one API to another, but we try to make that as little as possible. And in some cases, the operating system we're running on is, is just better than Windows and the libraries we're using are better than Windows. [00:18:01] Elizabeth: And so our games will run faster, for example. sometimes we can, sometimes we can, do a better job than Windows at implementing something that's, that's under our purview. there there are some games that do actually run a little bit faster in wine than they do on Windows. [00:18:22] Jeremy: Yeah, that, that reminds me of how there's these uh, gaming handhelds out now, and some of the same ones, they have a, they either let you install Linux or install windows, or they just come with a pre-installed, and I believe what I've read is that oftentimes running the same game on both operating systems, running the same game on Linux, the battery life is better and sometimes even the performance is better with these handhelds. [00:18:53] Jeremy: So it's, it's really interesting that that can even be the case. [00:18:57] Elizabeth: Yeah, it's really a testament to the huge amount of work that's gone into that, both on the wine side and on the, side of the graphics team and the colonel team. And, and of course, you know, the years of, the years of, work that's gone into Linux, even before these gaming handhelds were, were even under consideration. Proton and Valve Software's role [00:19:21] Jeremy: And something. So for people who are familiar with the handhelds, like the steam deck, they may have heard of proton. Uh, I wonder if you can explain what proton is and how it relates to wine. [00:19:37] Elizabeth: Yeah. So, proton is basically, how do I describe this? So, proton is a sort of a fork, uh, although we try to avoid the term fork. It's a, we say it's a downstream distribution because we contribute back up to wine. so it is a, it is, it is a alternate distribution fork of wine. And it's also some code that basically glues wine into, an embedding application originally intended for steam, and developed for valve. it has also been used in, others, but it has also been used in other software. it, so where proton differs from wine besides the glue part is it has some, it has some extra hacks in it for bugs that are hard to fix and easy to hack around as some quick hacks for, making games work now that are like in the process of going upstream to wine and getting their code quality improved and going through review. [00:20:54] Elizabeth: But we want the game to work now, when we distribute it. So that'll, that'll go into proton immediately. And then once we have, once the patch makes it upstream, we replace it with the version of the patch from upstream. there's other things to make it interact nicely with steam and so on. And yeah, I think, yeah, I think that's, I got it. [00:21:19] Jeremy: Yeah. And I think for people who aren't familiar, steam is like this, um, I, I don't even know what you call it, like a gaming store and a [00:21:29] Elizabeth: store game distribution service. it's got a huge variety of games on it, and you just publish. And, and it's a great way for publishers to interact with their, you know, with a wider gaming community, uh, after it, just after paying a cut to valve of their profits, they can reach a lot of people that way. And because all these games are on team and, valve wants them to work well on, on their handheld, they contracted us to basically take their entire catalog, which is huge, enormous. And trying and just step by step. Fix every game and make them all work. [00:22:10] Jeremy: So, um, and I guess for people who aren't familiar Valve, uh, softwares the company that runs steam, and so it sounds like they've asked, uh, your company to, to help improve the compatibility of their catalog. [00:22:24] Elizabeth: Yes. valve contracted us and, and again, when you're talking about wine using lower level libraries, they've also contracted a lot of other people outside of wine. Basically, the entire stack has had a tremendous, tremendous investment by valve software to make gaming on Linux work. Well. The entire stack receives changes to improve Wine compatibility [00:22:48] Jeremy: And when you refer to the entire stack, like what are some, some of those pieces, at least at a high level. [00:22:54] Elizabeth: I, I would, let's see, let me think. There is the wine project, the. Mesa Graphics Libraries. that's a, that's another, you know, uh, open source, software project that existed, has existed for a long time. But Valve has put a lot of, uh, funding and effort into it, the Linux kernel in various different ways. [00:23:17] Elizabeth: the, the desktop, uh, environment and Window Manager for, um, are also things they've invested in. [00:23:26] Jeremy: yeah. Everything that the game needs, on any level and, and that the, and that the operating system of the handheld device needs. Wine's history [00:23:37] Jeremy: And wine's been going on for quite a while. I think it's over a decade, right? [00:23:44] Elizabeth: I believe. Oh, more than, oh, far more than a decade. I believe it started in 1990, I wanna say about 1995, mid nineties. I'm, I probably have that date wrong. I believe Wine started about the mid nineties. [00:24:00] Jeremy: Mm. [00:24:00] Elizabeth: it's going on for three decades at this rate. [00:24:03] Jeremy: Wow. Okay. [00:24:06] Jeremy: And so all this time, how has the, the project sort of sustained itself? Like who's been involved and how has it been able to keep going this long? [00:24:18] Elizabeth: Uh, I think as is the case with a lot of free software, it just, it just keeps trudging along. There's been. There's been times where there's a lot of interest in wine. There's been times where there's less, and we are fortunate to be in a time where there's a lot of interest in it. we've had the same maintainer for almost this entire, almost this entire existence. Uh, Alexander Julliard, there was one person starting who started, maintained it before him and, uh, left it maintainer ship to him after a year or two. Uh, Bob Amstat. And there has been a few, there's been a few developers who have been around for a very long time. a lot of developers who have been around for a decent amount of time, but not for the entire duration. And then a very, very large number of people who come and submit a one-off fix for their individual application that they want to make work. [00:25:19] Jeremy: How does crossover relate to the wine project? Like, it sounds like you had mentioned Valve software hired you for subcontract work, but crossover itself has been around for quite a while. So how, how has that been connected to the wine project? [00:25:37] Elizabeth: So I work for, so the, so the company I work for is Code Weavers and, crossover is our flagship software. so Code Weavers is a couple different things. We have a sort of a porting service where companies will come to us and say, can we port my application usually to Mac? And then we also have a retail service where Where we basically have our own, similar to Proton, but you know, older, but the same idea where we will add some hacks into it for very difficult to solve bugs and we have a, a nice graphical interface. And then, the other thing that we're selling with crossover is support. So if you, you know, try to run a certain application and you buy crossover, you can submit a ticket saying this doesn't work and we now have a financial incentive to fix it. You know, we'll try to, we'll try to fix your, we'll spend company resources to fix your bug, right? So that's been so, so code we v has been around since 1996 and crossover, I don't know the date, but it's crossover has been around for probably about two decades, if I'm not mistaken. [00:27:01] Jeremy: And when you mention helping companies port their software to, for example, MacOS. [00:27:07] Jeremy: Is the approach that you would port it natively to MacOS APIs or is it that you would help them get it running using wine on MacOS? [00:27:21] Elizabeth: Right. That's, so that's basically what makes us so unique among porting companies is that instead of rewriting their software, we just, we just basically stick it inside of crossover and, uh, and, and make it run. [00:27:36] Elizabeth: And the idea has always been, you know, the more we implement, the more we get correct, the, the more applications will, you know, work. And sometimes it works out that way. Sometimes not really so much. And there's always work we have to do to get any given application to work, but. Yeah, so it's, it's very unusual because we don't ask companies for any of their code. We don't need it. We just fix the windows API [00:28:07] Jeremy: And, and so in that case, the ports would be let's say someone sells a MacOS version of their software. They would bundle crossover, uh, with their software. [00:28:18] Elizabeth: Right? And usually when you do this, it doesn't look like there's crossover there. Like it just looks like this software is native, but there is soft, there is crossover under the hood. Loading executables and linked libraries [00:28:32] Jeremy: And so earlier we were talking about how you're basically intercepting the system calls that these binaries are making, whether that's the executable or the, the DLLs from Windows. Um, but I think probably a lot of our listeners are not really sure how that's done. Like they, they may have built software, but they don't know, how do I basically hijack, the system calls that this application is making. [00:29:01] Jeremy: So maybe you could talk a little bit about how that works. [00:29:04] Elizabeth: So there, so there's a couple steps to go into it. when you think about a program that's say, that's a big, a big file that's got all the machine code in it, and then it's got stuff at the beginning saying, here's how the program works and here's where in the file the processor should start running. that's, that's your EXE file. And then in your DLL files are libraries that contain shared code and you have like a similar sort of file. It says, here's the entry point. That runs this function, this, you know, this pars XML function or whatever have you. [00:29:42] Elizabeth: And here's this entry point that has the generate XML function and so on and so forth. And, and, then the operating system will basically take the EXE file and see all the bits in it. Say I want to call the pars XML function. It'll load that DLL and hook it up. So it, so the processor ends up just seeing jump directly to this pars XML function and then run that and then return and so on. [00:30:14] Elizabeth: And so what wine does, is it part of wine? That's part of wine is a library, is that, you know, the implementing that parse XML and read XML function, but part of it is the loader, which is the part of the operating system that hooks everything together. And when we load, we. Redirect to our libraries. We don't have Windows libraries. [00:30:38] Elizabeth: We like, we redirect to ours and then we run our code. And then when you jump back to the program and yeah. [00:30:48] Jeremy: So it's the, the loader that's a part of wine. That's actually, I'm not sure if running the executable is the right term. [00:30:58] Elizabeth: no, I think that's, I think that's a good term. It's, it's, it's, it starts in a loader and then we say, okay, now run the, run the machine code and it's executable and then it runs and it jumps between our libraries and back and so on. [00:31:14] Jeremy: And like you were saying before, often times when it's trying to make a system call, it ends up being handled by a function that you've written in wine. And then that in turn will call the, the Linux system calls or the MacOS system calls to try and accomplish the, the same result. [00:31:36] Elizabeth: Right, exactly. [00:31:40] Jeremy: And something that I think maybe not everyone is familiar with is there's this concept of user space versus kernel space. you explain what the difference is? [00:31:51] Elizabeth: So the way I would explain, the way I would describe a kernel is it's the part of the operating system that can do anything, right? So any program, any code that runs on your computer is talking to the processor, and the processor has to be able to do anything the computer can do. [00:32:10] Elizabeth: It has to be able to talk to the hardware, it has to set up the memory space. That, so actually a very complicated task has to be able to switch to another task. and, and, and, and basically talk to another program and. You have to have something there that can do everything, but you don't want any program to be able to do everything. Um, not since the, not since the nineties. It's about when we realized that we can't do that. so the kernel is a part that can do everything. And when you need to do something that requires those, those permissions that you can't give everyone, you have to talk to the colonel and ask it, Hey, can you do this for me please? And in a very restricted way where it's only the safe things you can do. And a degree, it's also like a library, right? It's the kernel. The kernels have always existed, and since they've always just been the core standard library of the computer that does the, that does the things like read and write files, which are very, very complicated tasks under the hood, but look very simple because all you say is write this file. And talk to the hardware and abstract away all the difference between different drivers. So the kernel is doing all of these things. So because the kernel is a part that can do everything and because when you think about the kernel, it is basically one program that is always running on your computer, but it's only one program. So when a user calls the kernel, you are switching from one program to another and you're doing a lot of complicated things as part of this. You're switching to the higher privilege level where you can do anything and you're switching the state from one program to another. And so it's a it. So this is what we mean when we talk about user space, where you're running like a normal program and kernel space where you've suddenly switched into the kernel. [00:34:19] Elizabeth: Now you're executing with increased privileges in a different. idea of the process space and increased responsibility and so on. [00:34:30] Jeremy: And, and so do most applications. When you were talking about the system calls for handling 3D audio or parsing XML. Are those considered, are those system calls considered part of user space and then those things call the kernel space on your behalf, or how, how would you describe that? [00:34:50] Elizabeth: So most, so when you look at Windows, most of most of the Windows library, the vast, vast majority of it is all user space. most of these libraries that we implement never leave user space. They never need to call into the kernel. there's the, there only the core low level stuff. Things like, we need to read a file, that's a kernel call. when you need to sleep and wait for some seconds, that's a kernel. Need to talk to a different process. Things that interact with different processes in general. not just allocate memory, but allocate a page of memory, like a, from the memory manager and then that gets sub allocated by the heap allocator. so things like that. [00:35:31] Jeremy: Yeah, so if I was writing an application and I needed to open a file, for example, does, does that mean that I would have to communicate with the kernel to, to read that file? [00:35:43] Elizabeth: Right, exactly. [00:35:46] Jeremy: And so most applications, it sounds like it's gonna be a mixture. You're gonna have a lot of things that call user space calls. And then a few, you mentioned more low level ones that are gonna require you to communicate with the kernel. [00:36:00] Elizabeth: Yeah, basically. And it's worth noting that in, in all operating systems, you're, you're almost always gonna be calling a user space library. That might just be a thin wrapper over the kernel call. It might, it's gonna do like just a little bit of work in end call the kernel. [00:36:19] Jeremy: [00:36:19] Elizabeth: In fact, in Windows, that's the only way to do it. Uh, in many other operating systems, you can actually say, you can actually tell the processor to make the kernel call. There is a special instruction that does this and just, and it'll go directly to the kernel, and there's a defined interface for this. But in Windows, that interface is not defined. It's not stable. Or backwards compatible like the rest of Windows is. So even if you wanted to use it, you couldn't. and you basically have to call into the high level libraries or low level libraries, as it were, that, that tell you that create a file. And those don't do a lot. [00:37:00] Elizabeth: They just kind of tweak their parameters a little and then pass them right down to the kernel. [00:37:07] Jeremy: And so wine, it sounds like it needs to implement both the user space calls of windows, but then also the, the kernel, calls as well. But, but wine itself does that, is that only in Linux user space or MacOS user space? [00:37:27] Elizabeth: Yes. This is a very tricky thing. but all of wine, basically all of what is wine runs in, in user space and we use. Kernel calls that are already there to talk to the colonel, to talk to the host Colonel. You have to, and you, you get, you get, you get the sort of second nature of thinking about the Windows, user space and kernel. [00:37:50] Elizabeth: And then there's a host user space and Kernel and wine is running all in user, in the user, in the host user space, but it's emulating the Windows kernel. In fact, one of the weirdest, trickiest parts is I mentioned that you can run some drivers in wine. And those drivers actually, they actually are, they think they're running in the Windows kernel. which in a sense works the same way. It has libraries that it can load, and those drivers are basically libraries and they're making, kernel calls and they're, they're making calls into the kernel library that does some very, very low level tasks that. You're normally only supposed to be able to do in a kernel. And, you know, because the kernel requires some privileges, we kind of pretend we have them. And in many cases, you're even the drivers are using abstractions. We can just implement those abstractions kind of over the slightly higher level abstractions that exist in user space. [00:39:00] Jeremy: Yeah, I hadn't even considered the being able to use hardware devices, but I, I suppose if in, in the end, if you're reproducing the kernel, then whether you're running software or you're talking to a hardware device, as long as you implement the calls correctly, then I, I suppose it works. [00:39:18] Elizabeth: Cause you're, you're talking about device, like maybe it's some kind of USB device that has drivers for Windows, but it doesn't for, for Linux. [00:39:28] Elizabeth: no, that's exactly, that's a, that's kind of the, the example I've used. Uh, I think there is, I think I. My, one of my best success stories was, uh, drivers for a graphing calculator. [00:39:41] Jeremy: Oh, wow. [00:39:42] Elizabeth: That connected via USB and I basically just plugged the windows drivers into wine and, and ran it. And I had to implement a lot of things, but it worked. But for example, something like a graphics driver is not something you could implement in wine because you need the graphics driver on the host. We can't talk to the graphics driver while the host is already doing so. [00:40:05] Jeremy: I see. Yeah. And in that case it probably doesn't make sense to do so [00:40:11] Elizabeth: Right? [00:40:12] Elizabeth: Right. It doesn't because, the transition from user into kernel is complicated. You need the graphics driver to be in the kernel and the real kernel. Having it in wine would be a bad idea. Yeah. [00:40:25] Jeremy: I, I think there's, there's enough APIs you have to try and reproduce that. I, I think, uh, doing, doing something where, [00:40:32] Elizabeth: very difficult [00:40:33] Jeremy: right. Poor system call documentation and private APIs [00:40:35] Jeremy: There's so many different, calls both in user space and in kernel space. I imagine the, the user space ones Microsoft must document to some extent, but, oh. Is that, is that a [00:40:51] Elizabeth: well, sometimes, [00:40:54] Jeremy: Sometimes. Okay. [00:40:55] Elizabeth: I think it's actually better now than it used to be. But some, here's where things get fun, because sometimes there will be, you know, regular documented calls. Sometimes those calls are documented, but the documentation isn't very good. Sometimes programs will just sort of look inside Microsoft's DLLs and use calls that they aren't supposed to be using. Sometimes they use calls that they are supposed to be using, but the documentation has disappeared. just because it's that old of an API and Microsoft hasn't kept it around. sometimes some, sometimes Microsoft, Microsoft own software uses, APIs that were never documented because they never wanted anyone else using them, but they still ship them with the operating system. there was actually a kind of a lawsuit about this because it is an antitrust lawsuit, because by shipping things that only they could use, they were kind of creating a trust. and that got some things documented. At least in theory, they kind of haven't stopped doing it, though. [00:42:08] Jeremy: Oh, so even today they're, they're, I guess they would call those private, private APIs, I suppose. [00:42:14] Elizabeth: I suppose. Uh, yeah, you could say private APIs. but if we want to get, you know, newer versions of Microsoft Office running, we still have to figure out what they're doing and implement them. [00:42:25] Jeremy: And given that they're either, like you were saying, the documentation is kind of all over the place. If you don't know how it's supposed to behave, how do you even approach implementing them? [00:42:38] Elizabeth: and that's what the conformance tests are for. And I, yeah, I mentioned earlier we have this huge body of conformance tests that double is regression tests. if we see an API, we don't know what to do with or an API, we do know, we, we think we know what to do with because the documentation can just be wrong and often has been. Then we write tests to figure out what it's supposed to behave. We kind of guess until we, and, and we write tests and we pass some things in and see what comes out and see what. The see what the operating system does until we figure out, oh, so this is what it's supposed to do and these are the exact parameters in, and, and then we, and, and then we implement it according to those tests. [00:43:24] Jeremy: Is there any distinction in approach for when you're trying to implement something that's at the user level versus the kernel level? [00:43:33] Elizabeth: No, not really. And like I, and like I mentioned earlier, like, well, I mean, a kernel call is just like a library call. It's just done in a slightly different way, but it's still got, you know, parameters in, it's still got a set of parameters. They're just encoded differently. And, and again, like the, the way kernel calls are done is on a level just above the kernel where you have a library, that just passes things through. Almost verbatim to the kernel and we implement that library instead. [00:44:10] Jeremy: And, and you've been working on i, I think, wine for over, over six years now. [00:44:18] Elizabeth: That sounds about right. Debugging and having broad knowledge of Wine [00:44:20] Jeremy: What does, uh, your, your day to day look like? What parts of the project do you, do you work on? [00:44:27] Elizabeth: It really varies from day to day. and I, I, a lot of people, a lot of, some people will work on the same parts of wine for years. Uh, some people will switch around and work on all sorts of different things. [00:44:42] Elizabeth: And I'm, I definitely belong to that second group. Like if you name an area of wine, I have almost certainly contributed a patch or two to it. there's some areas I work on more than others, like, 3D graphics, multimedia, a, I had, I worked on a compiler that exists, uh, socket. So networking communication is another thing I work a lot on. day to day, I kind of just get, I, I I kind of just get a bug for some program or another. and I take it and I debug it and figure out why the program's broken and then I fix it. And there's so much variety in that. because a bug can take so many different forms like I described, and, and, and the, and then the fix can be simple or complicated or, and it can be in really anywhere to a degree. [00:45:40] Elizabeth: being able to work on any part of wine is sometimes almost a necessity because if a program is just broken, you don't know why. It could be anything. It could be any sort of API. And sometimes you can hand the API to somebody who's got a lot of experience in that, but sometimes you just do whatever. You just fix whatever's broken and you get an experience that way. [00:46:06] Jeremy: Yeah, I mean, I was gonna ask about the specialized skills to, to work on wine, but it sounds like maybe in your case it's all of them. [00:46:15] Elizabeth: It's, there's a bit of that. it's a wine. We, the skills to work on wine are very, it's a very unique set of skills because, and it largely comes down to debugging because you can't use the tools you normally use debug. [00:46:30] Elizabeth: You have to, you have to be creative and think about it different ways. Sometimes you have to be very creative. and programs will try their hardest to avoid being debugged because they don't want anyone breaking their copy protection, for example, or or hacking, or, you know, hacking in sheets. They want to be, they want, they don't want anyone hacking them like that. [00:46:54] Elizabeth: And we have to do it anyway for good and legitimate purposes. We would argue to make them work better on more operating systems. And so we have to fight that every step of the way. [00:47:07] Jeremy: Yeah, it seems like it's a combination of. F being able, like you, you were saying, being able to, to debug. and you're debugging not necessarily your own code, but you're debugging this like behavior of, [00:47:25] Jeremy: And then based on that behavior, you have to figure out, okay, where in all these different systems within wine could this part be not working? [00:47:35] Jeremy: And I, I suppose you probably build up some kind of, mental map in your head of when you get a, a type of bug or a type of crash, you oh, maybe it's this, maybe it's here, or something [00:47:47] Elizabeth: Yeah. That, yeah, there is a lot of that. there's, you notice some patterns, you know, after experience helps, but because any bug could be new, sometimes experience doesn't help and you just, you just kind of have to start from scratch. Finding a bug related to XAudio [00:48:08] Jeremy: At sort of a high level, can you give an example of where you got a specific bug report and then where you had to look to eventually find which parts of the the system were the issue? [00:48:21] Elizabeth: one, one I think good example, that I've done recently. so I mentioned this, this XAudio library that does 3D audio. And if you say you come across a bug, I'm gonna be a little bit generics here and say you come across a bug where some audio isn't playing right, maybe there's, silence where there should be the audio. So you kind of, you look in and see, well, where's that getting lost? So you can basically look in the input calls and say, here's the buffer it's submitting that's got all the audio data in it. And you look at the output, you look at where you think the output should be, like, that library will internally call a different library, which programs can interact with directly. [00:49:03] Elizabeth: And this our high level library interacts with that is the, give this sound to the audio driver, right? So you've got XAudio on top of, um. mdev, API, which is the other library that gives audio to the driver. And you see, well, the ba the buffer is that XAudio is passing into MM Dev, dev API. They're empty, there's nothing in them. So you have to kind of work through the XAudio library to see where is, where's that sound getting lost? Or maybe, or maybe that's not getting lost. Maybe it's coming through all garbled. And I've had to look at the buffer and see why is it garbled. I'll open up it up in Audacity and look at the weight shape of the wave and say, huh, that shape of the wave looks like it's, it looks like we're putting silence every 10 nanoseconds or something, or, or reversing something or interpreting it wrong. things like that. Um, there's a lot of, you'll do a lot of, putting in print fs basically all throughout wine to see where does the state change. Where was, where is it? Where is it? Right? And then where do things start going wrong? [00:50:14] Jeremy: Yeah. And in the audio example, because they're making a call to your XAudio implementation, you can see that Okay, the, the buffer, the audio that's coming in. That part is good. It, it's just that later on when it sends it to what's gonna actually have it be played by the, the hardware, that's when missing. So, [00:50:37] Elizabeth: We did something wrong in a library that destroyed the buffer. And I think on a very, high level a lot of debugging, wine is about finding where things are good and finding where things are bad, and then narrowing that down until we find the one spot where things go wrong. There's a lot of processes that go like that. [00:50:57] Jeremy: like you were saying, the more you see these problems, hopefully the, the easier it gets to, to narrow down where, [00:51:04] Elizabeth: Often. Yeah. Especially if you keep debugging things in the same area. How much code is OS specific?c [00:51:09] Jeremy: And wine supports more than one operating system. I, I saw there was Linux, MacOS I think free BSD. How much of the code is operating system specific versus how much can just be shared across all of them? [00:51:27] Elizabeth: Not that much is operating system specific actually. so when you think about the volume of wine, the, the, the, vast majority of it is the high level code that doesn't need to interact with the operating system on a low level. Right? Because Windows keeps putting, because Microsoft keeps putting lots and lots of different libraries in their operating system. And a lot of these are high level libraries. and even when we do interact with the operating system, we're, we're using cross-platform libraries or we're using, we're using ics. The, uh, so all these operating systems that we are implementing are con, basically conformed to the posix standard. which is basically like Unix, they're all Unix based. Psic is a Unix based standard. Microsoft is, you know, the big exception that never did implement that. And, and so we have to translate its APIs to Unix, APIs. now that said, there is a lot of very operating system, specific code. Apple makes things difficult by try, by diverging almost wherever they can. And so we have a lot of Apple specific code in there. [00:52:46] Jeremy: another example I can think of is, I believe MacOS doesn't support, Vulkan [00:52:53] Elizabeth: yes. Yeah.Yeah, That's a, yeah, that's a great example of Mac not wanting to use, uh, generic libraries that work on every other operating system. and in some cases we, we look at it and are like, alright, we'll implement a wrapper for that too, on top of Yuri, on top of your, uh, operating system. We've done it for Windows, we can do it for Vulkan. and that's, and then you get the Molten VK project. Uh, and to be clear, we didn't invent molten vk. It was around before us. We have contributed a lot to it. Direct3d, Vulkan, and MoltenVK [00:53:28] Jeremy: Yeah, I think maybe just at a high level might be good to explain the relationship between Direct 3D or Direct X and Vulcan and um, yeah. Yeah. Maybe if you could go into that. [00:53:42] Elizabeth: so Direct 3D is Microsoft's 3D API. the 3D APIs, you know, are, are basically a way to, they're way to firstly abstract out the differences between different graphics, graphics cards, which, you know, look very different on a hardware level. [00:54:03] Elizabeth: Especially. They, they used to look very different and they still do look very different. and secondly, a way to deal with them at a high level because actually talking to the graphics card on a low level is very, very complicated. Even talking to it on a high level is complicated, but it gets, it can get a lot worse if you've ever been a, if you've ever done any graphics, driver development. so you have a, a number of different APIs that achieve these two goals of, of, abstraction and, and of, of, of building a common abstraction and of building a, a high level abstraction. so OpenGL is the broadly the free, the free operating system world, the non Microsoft's world's choice, back in the day. [00:54:53] Elizabeth: And then direct 3D was Microsoft's API and they've and Direct 3D. And both of these have evolved over time and come up with new versions and such. And when any, API exists for too long. It gains a lot of croft and needs to be replaced. And eventually, eventually the people who developed OpenGL decided we need to start over, get rid of the Croft to make it cleaner and make it lower level. [00:55:28] Elizabeth: Because to get in a maximum performance games really want low level access. And so they made Vulcan, Microsoft kind of did the same thing, but they still call it Direct 3D. they just, it's, it's their, the newest version of Direct 3D is lower level. It's called Direct 3D 12. and, and, Mac looked at this and they decided we're gonna do the same thing too, but we're not gonna use Vulcan. [00:55:52] Elizabeth: We're gonna define our own. And they call it metal. And so when we want to translate D 3D 12 into something that another operating system understands. That's probably Vulcan. And, and on Mac, we need to translate it to metal somehow. And we decided instead of having a separate layer from D three 12 to metal, we're just gonna translate it to Vulcan and then translate the Vulcan to metal. And it also lets things written for Vulcan on Windows, which is also a thing that exists that lets them work on metal. [00:56:30] Jeremy: And having to do that translation, does that have a performance impact or is that not really felt? [00:56:38] Elizabeth: yes. It's kind of like, it's kind of like anything, when you talk about performance, like I mentioned this earlier, there's always gonna be overhead from translating from one API to another. But we try to, what we, we put in heroic efforts to. And try, try to make sure that doesn't matter, to, to make sure that stuff that needs to be fast is really as fast as it can possibly be. [00:57:06] Elizabeth: And some very clever things have been done along those lines. and, sometimes the, you know, the graphics drivers underneath are so good that it actually does run better, even despite the translation overhead. And then sometimes to make it run fast, we need to say, well, we're gonna implement a new API that behaves more like windows, so we can do less work translating it. And that's, and sometimes that goes into the graphics library and sometimes that goes into other places. Targeting Wine instead of porting applications [00:57:43] Jeremy: Yeah. Something I've found a little bit interesting about the last few years is [00:57:49] Jeremy: Developers in the past, they would generally target Windows and you might be lucky to get a Mac port or a Linux port. And I wonder, like, in your opinion now, now that a lot of developers are just targeting Windows and relying on wine or, or proton to, to run their software, is there any, I suppose, downside to doing that? [00:58:17] Jeremy: Or is it all just upside, like everyone should target Windows as this common platform? [00:58:23] Elizabeth: Yeah. It's an interesting question. I, there's some people who seem to think it's a bad thing that, that we're not getting native ports in the same sense, and then there's some people who. Who See, no, that's a perfectly valid way to do ports just right for this defacto common API it was never intended as a cross platform common API, but we've made it one. [00:58:47] Elizabeth: Right? And so why is that any worse than if it runs on a different API on on Linux or Mac and I? Yeah, I, I, I guess I tend to, I, that that argument tends to make sense to me. I don't, I don't really see, I don't personally see a lot of reason for, to, to, to say that one library is more pure than another. [00:59:12] Elizabeth: Right now, I do think Windows APIs are generally pretty bad. I, I'm, this might be, you know, just some sort of, this might just be an effect of having to work with them for a very long time and see all their flaws and have to deal with the nonsense that they do. But I think that a lot of the. Native Linux APIs are better. But if you like your Windows API better. And if you want to target Windows and that's the only way to do it, then sure why not? What's wrong with that? [00:59:51] Jeremy: Yeah, and I think the, doing it this way, targeting Windows, I mean if you look in the past, even though you had some software that would be ported to other operating systems without this compatibility layer, without people just targeting Windows, all this software that people can now run on these portable gaming handhelds or on Linux, Most of that software was never gonna be ported. So yeah, absolutely. And [01:00:21] Elizabeth: that's [01:00:22] Jeremy: having that as an option. Yeah. [01:00:24] Elizabeth: That's kind of why wine existed, because people wanted to run their software. You know, that was never gonna be ported. They just wanted, and then the community just spent a lot of effort in, you know, making all these individual programs run. Yeah. [01:00:39] Jeremy: I think it's pretty, pretty amazing too that, that now that's become this official way, I suppose, of distributing your software where you say like, Hey, I made a Windows version, but you're on your Linux machine. it's officially supported because, we have this much belief in this compatibility layer. [01:01:02] Elizabeth: it's kind of incredible to see wine having got this far. I mean, I started working on a, you know, six, seven years ago, and even then, I could never have imagined it would be like this. [01:01:16] Elizabeth: So as we, we wrap up, for the developers that are listening or, or people who are just users of wine, um, is there anything you think they should know about the project that we haven't talked about? [01:01:31] Elizabeth: I don't think there's anything I can think of. [01:01:34] Jeremy: And if people wanna learn, uh, more about the wine project or, or see what you're up to, where, where should they, where should they head? Getting support and contributing [01:01:45] Elizabeth: We don't really have any things like news, unfortunately. Um, read the release notes, uh, follow some, there's some, there's some people who, from Code Weavers who do blogs. So if you, so if you go to codeweavers.com/blog, there's some, there's, there's some codeweavers stuff, uh, some marketing stuff. But there's also some developers who will talk about bugs that they are solving and. And how it's easy and, and the experience of working on wine. [01:02:18] Jeremy: And I suppose if, if someone's. Interested in like, like let's say they have a piece of software, it's not working through wine. what's the best place for them to, to either get help or maybe even get involved with, with trying to fix it? [01:02:37] Elizabeth: yeah. Uh, so you can file a bug on, winehq.org,or, or, you know, find, there's a lot of developer resources there and you can get involved with contributing to the software. And, uh, there, there's links to our mailing list and IRC channels and, uh, and, and the GitLab, where all places you can find developers. [01:03:02] Elizabeth: We love to help you. Debug things. We love to help you fix things. We try our very best to be a welcoming community and we have got a long, we've got a lot of experience working with people who want to get their application working. So, we would love to, we'd love to have another. [01:03:24] Jeremy: Very cool. Yeah, I think wine is a really interesting project because I think for, I guess it would've been for decades, it seemed like very niche, like not many people [01:03:37] Jeremy: were aware of it. And now I think maybe in particular because of the, the Linux gaming handhelds, like the steam deck,wine is now something that a bunch of people who would've never heard about it before, and now they're aware of it. [01:03:53] Elizabeth: Absolutely. I've watched that transformation happen in real time and it's been surreal. [01:04:00] Jeremy: Very cool. Well, Elizabeth, thank you so much for, for joining me today. [01:04:05] Elizabeth: Thank you, Jeremy. I've been glad to be here.

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - wildwest and KooshMoose are back again with a reminder of this week's directs from Annapurna and the Tokyo Game Show. We also talk about the wave 2 Game Pass news. But before that we showcased two relatively new Game Pass games.   Games Mentioned: KooshMoose - Aliens: Fireteam Elite wildwest08 - Dragon Age: The Veilguard   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Health misinformation is a growing challenge, as social media has become a primary source of information for many people, and influential voices are casting doubt on established medical practices.  Trusted health sources are becoming harder to find, especially in communities of color where access to care is already limited and systemic barriers persist.  The fight to bring reliable health information and resources to vulnerable communities is not new.  For decades, organizations like the Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health have been doing this  work — building trust, educating communities and empowering individuals to take charge of  their health.  To learn more, we spoke with Dr. Marilyn Fraser, Chief Executive Officer of the Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health. Dr. Fraser speaks with Movement Is Life's Conchita Burpee. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.  

We brought on our friend Bossman Scott (@fkasocks) to give us an update on all the hottest games dropping this fall. He also spent a long time talking about gamer girl bath water and Joey's World Tour. Are you mad at us? Notes: Bossman Scott's Fall Gaming Update, Prima Noctis, Ethical Girlwater, GoonerSupps, The 1 to 3 Sips of Scotty Doo: Featuring the Hex Swirls, Joey.EXE, The Return of Dr Pizza Stone and Evil Mr Pizza Steel, Bo-Linda, Brian Griffin of the Puppygirl Chats, DMT NiGHTS Vision, Nationalized Points Card, Crawthems

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, FaustianGreed   Show Discussion - FaustianGreed makes his debut on AH101 and reveals terrible strategies for approaching both the GTASC as well as how to keep your girlfriend. He then performs a decent sales pitch for a great game, but unfortunately the only person listening to him is a ruined gamer that is more interested in a movie that came out over thirty years ago. Elroy then discusses a knock off PowerWash simulator that forgets to simulate fun… or risk.    Games Mentioned: ElroyOMJ - Spray Paint Simulator, Johnny Utah Simulator, PowerWash Simulator, Firefighting Simulator – The Squad, Dead Island 2, Senshi Sokoban Quest, Point Break, Foxes Need to Break FaustianGreed - Cyberpunk 2077, Diablo IV, Grim Idle ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - It's the top of a brand new month so wildwest and Koosh are happy to go over the new TA targets as well as the September wave one Game Pass news. Koosh also tries a new format in order to fit more games into his showcase. Let's see if anyone notices.   Games Mentioned: wildwest08 - Assassin's Creed Mirage KooshMoose - Minami Lane, Herdling   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

There are numerous social and structural vectors for disease that are not often discussed in medical school. So, Dr. David Ansell says he had a lot to learn once he became a physician. Ansell, author of “The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills,” writes about the stark disparities in access to treatment and outcomes for patients in the U.S. healthcare system. “We always talk about inequities. We have frank inequities, but we have gross inequalities,” Ansell says. “The care isn't equal… And if we could get to equal, then we can take on the inequity.” One of the most glaring examples is life expectancy; a person's zip code can be a strong predictor for their life expectancy due to social and structural determinants of health, including structural racism and economic deprivation, he says.  “If you live in The Loop in Chicago, you can live to be 85 and if it were a country, it'd be ranked first in the world,” Ansell says. “But if you live in Garfield Park, three stops down the Blue Line from Rush, life expectancy post-Covid is 66.” In this conversation, which was first published in 2023 for the Health Disparities podcast, Dr. Ansell speaks with Movement Is Life's Dr. Carla Harwell about the importance of addressing systemic racism and inequality in the healthcare system. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, pTartTX   Show Discussion - pTart returns to the podcast in what can only be described as very round about achievement talk only to arrive in Malibu and Overcooked in space.   If you are into pleasantries this is your jam.  If you are into achievements and gaming you need to just go play The Count Lucanor.   If you are into unlocking the mysteries of the world such as “what is acroyoga?”, “can I grill soy?”, and so much more then indulge greatly.  If you are into amazing up to date Game Pass news, Gamescom in depth reviews, and general timely updates, then there's a Count who goes by Lucanor waiting for you.  Pretty. Bada Bing, bada boom.   Games Mentioned: ElroyOMJ - Fueled Up (Overfueled & Overpriced), Shark Adventure, The Count Lucanor pTartTX - Barbie Project Friendship, SokoCrab, The Count Lucanor ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

No 21° episódio do EXE, podcast voltado para os gestores de futebol, recebemos Rodrigo Weber, atual diretor desportivo do Leixões. O profissional compartilhou conosco suas experiências e conhecimento sobre os primeiros 90 dias dentro de um novo clube, a importância dos clubes contarem com um departamento de mercado estruturado, o uso dos dados na tomada de decisão do diretor desportivo, as diferenças de atribuições do executivo de futebol em relação ao diretor desportivo e muito mais. CONHEÇA O FOOTURE • Acesse o Site: https://footure.com.br/ • Footure Club: https://footure.com.br/footure-club/​​ • Loja Futeboleira: http://footure.com.br/loja • Cursos de Análise Tática: https://footure.com.br/footure-lab/​​​​ AS NOSSAS REDES SOCIAIS • Twitter: http://twitter.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​​ • Instagram: http://instagram.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • Facebook: http://facebook.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/company/footurefc

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - It's upside-down week on AH101 as Koosh plays a simulation management game well before it leaves Game Pass. Not to be out upside-downed, wildwest plays a somewhat cozy fishing / Cthulu-esque Game Pass game. We briefly mention Gamescom 2025, the Team Cherry announcement that just has to be the Silksong release date this time, right?!?*, and the latest Sony game to cross the street, Helldivers 2. * Spoiler alert - It was.   Games Mentioned: KooshMoose - SteamWorld Build wildwest08 - DREDGE   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Food insecurity is a systemic public health issue that needs to be addressed because reliable access to healthy food is critical to positive health outcomes. Health care partnerships are forming to improve access to healthy foods in some states, including Massachusetts, which is at the forefront of addressing food insecurity with programs that allow Medicaid funding to be used to address social determinants of health. “I would push back on the idea that things like food and housing are not actually medical,” says Jennifer Obadia, senior director of health care partnerships at Project Bread, a nonprofit focused on creating a sustainable, system-wide safety net in Massachusetts for anyone facing hunger.  “Now, I understand they're not pharmaceutical,” she adds. “But we know that 80% of a person's health is determined by social and environmental factors.” In this week's episode, Jennifer Obadia speaks with Movement Is Life's Sonia Cervantes about food insecurity, Project Bread's mission, lessons learned over the years and shares a call to action for listeners. Project Bread's FoodSource Hotline (1-800-645-8333) is the food assistance line for all of Massachusetts, whether you need help paying for food and don't know where to start or you're simply curious about ways to boost your food budget or save on groceries.   Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - “I'll grind your bones to make my bread!” - That's what Exe shouted while he was playing his game this week (probably). Meanwhile, Elroy has forgotten how to do a panel and brings you another assortment of games, all of which he played while comfortably seated on the ground. Ground is the past tense of grind! Tony Hawk also features lots of grinding, but we've already discussed that in a previous show. Anyway, please enjoy this week's episode while you go back to the old grind! Maybe have a grinder sandwich for lunch while you secretly browse dating apps!   Games Mentioned: Exe the Hero - Letter Quest: Grimm's Journey Remastered ElroyOMJ - Wargroove 2, Orcs Must Die: Deathtrap, Retro Classics, Sifu, and Maiden Cops   Year of the Veiner - xNeo21x is back with the Year of the Veiner update for June & July! ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - Big Ell's out on date night so it's just wildwest and Koosh holding down the fort and talking about action RPGs. We go over the August targets and the wave 1 Game Pass news. Wildwest also announces the winners of our most recent 360 community contest.   Games Mentioned: KooshMoose - Atlas Fallen wildwest08 - Anthem   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Trek has just launched a versatile trail platform in its new Fuel. Riders here at CCM have been fans of the previous Fuel EX and the Slash enduro bikes. The new Fuel, which actually comes in three configurations, has elements of both of the preceding models as well as the 27.5” Remedy. In this episode of the Canadian Cycling Magazine Podcast, MTB editor Terry McKall speaks with three folks from Trek about the new Fuels. Ross Rushin, Trek mountain bike marketing manager, Dylan Howes, Trek mountain bike senior engineer and Trek marketing manager for Canada Taylor Cook get into the details about the expansive system for talking on all kinds of trails.The discussion turns to the project both McKall, and CCM photo editor and MTB tester Matt Stetson have been working on: a comparison between the Fuel LX model and EX one. McKall took the longer travel bike out on the trails of Vancouver Island, while Stetson played on routes in Ontario. You can check the video with McKall and Stetson's insights, after you listen to the pod.Trek offers three versions of the Fuel: EX, MX and LX. The Fuel EX and LX models both run 29” wheels. The former has a 150-mm fork and 145 mm of travel. On the LX, there's 160 mm of travel working with a 170-mm fork. Finally, the MX is a mullet bike (29” front, 27.5” rear wheel) sporting a 160-mm fork and 150 mm of rear wheel travel. To add to the lineup, there's also the new Fuel+ eMTB, which replaces the EXe. It is similarly available in EX, MX and LX versions with a new motor and battery. Find out more details about all those bikes.McKall and his guests discuss how Trek came to develop the new Fuel system and what changes designers had to make to the frame so that it could work with such a wide range of forks and travel options. They give you more information about what's required to convert from one platform to the other. Also, Howes and Rushin talk about how riding has evolved and how those changes have affected the design of the new Fuel system.

Conversation is an important part of bringing an end to racism so that everyone thrives in our society. It's something that the leaders of 904Ward care deeply about.  The 904Ward organization evolved the Jacksonville 904 dialing area code into a nonprofit whose mission is to create racial healing and equity through deep conversations and learning, trusting relationships, and collective action.  Dr. Kimberly Allen served as the inaugural CEO of 904WARD from 2020 to 2025.  “I think we all make judgments all the time because that's just the nature of our brains and how it works, but what I would encourage us to do is to call those judgments out and, I say, ‘Say the quiet part out loud.' Call those judgments  out so that you can start to work through where they come from,” Dr. Allen says.  In this conversation, which was first recorded in 2022 for the Health Disparities podcast, Dr. Allen is joined by 904 resident Sharon LaSure-Roy. They spoke with Movement Is Life's Sarah Hohman. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Exe and The Roy are back once again to bring you their own personal brand of nonsense! This week, Exe discusses a remaster that he's very excitedly been looking forward to and Elroy goes full VSS for his showcase. Never go full VSS!   Games Mentioned: Exe the Hero - Tony Hawk Pro Skater 3 + 4 ElroyOMJ - Crowd City, Astro Miner, Bridge Race, Mob Control, Hole io, Dig Deep, Aquarium Land, Paper io 2 ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - Ell is back and is mad about the new TMNT game, Koosh is playing a cool game leaving Game Pass, and Wildwest is STILL farming.   Games Mentioned: wildwest08 - Farm Together 2 KooshMoose - Kunitsu-Gami: Path of the Goddess Big Ell - TMNT: Splintered Fate, Freshly Frosted, The Gunk   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

The underlying causes of health disparities are many, and sometimes healthcare providers can exacerbate disparities with how they operate. Health equity researchers have conducted "secret shopper" studies, revealing how healthcare providers limit appointments — and even treatment recommendations — to people with certain types of insurance. “Patients with Medicaid were significantly less likely to be offered appointments compared to those with Medicare or private insurance, and in many cases, clinics told us they weren't accepting any new Medicaid patients or that they didn't take Medicaid at all,” says Dr. Daniel Wiznia, Associate Professor of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation at Yale and a former member of Movement Is Life's Steering Committee. “But when we would call back with private insurance, suddenly they have plenty of appointments available for the private insurance patients,” he says. Wiznia and his colleagues also found that even when Medicaid patients were offered appointments, wait times were often much longer — delays which can have serious consequences.  “So if a Medicaid patient has to wait six weeks or eight weeks for an appointment, while a private patient just waits maybe a week, that can really impact outcomes, especially for patients with chronic conditions or urgent needs,” he says. Wiznia joined Movement Is Life's Dr. Mary O'Connor to discuss these findings in detail. He offers advice to patients who may find themselves in a situation where they're denied care due to their insurance status and explains how raising reimbursement rates for Medicaid could help address the problem. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Exe and Elroy reunite to deliver their much missed and much beloved antics. This week, Exe finally showcases one of his favorite games that he's referenced dozens of times over the years while Elroy learns a little about Peru. Somehow, he does this while still managing to play another stupid beat ‘em up. Will he EVER tire of the genre? We can only hope…   Games Mentioned: Exe the Hero - SoulCalibur VI ElroyOMJ - Tunche & ASMR Slicing ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - Summer is still summering and the chairs get spun again. wildwest08 is back and KooshMoose fills in for Ell. We briefly talk about the most recent round of Microsoft layoffs but also are excited to hear the news about Helldivers 2 coming to Xbox. Then we dive in to our showcases. wildwest08 talks about Anno 1800, a city management game, and KooshMoose talks about a platformer and cooking mashup that is about to leave GamePass.   Games Mentioned: KooshMoose - Magical Delicacy wildwest08 - Anno 1800 Console Edition   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

What does it take to create healthy neighborhoods that include broad, deep, and permanent pathways to prosperity for low-income families?  That question is the focus of today's episode with Carol Redmond Naughton, CEO of Purpose Built Communities based in Atlanta. “I really have become an  advocate for community development as a way to move the needle on  health outcomes. And I'm not talking about simply putting a kidney dialysis center in the bottom floor of a senior high rise,” Naughton says. “I don't mean to say that that's not a good thing to do, but we've got to move upstream. We've got to be way upstream and be thinking about: How are we building communities and supporting children, so those children 60 years from now will not need kidney dialysis?” In a conversation that was first published in 2022, Naughton speaks with Movement Is Life's Dr. Tamara Huff about the difference between access to health care and health outcomes and the importance of addressing the social determinants of health.   She also calls on all of us to reflect on the systems that have kept people trapped in poverty — especially Black and Brown communities — and consider what it takes to create communities that support a “cradle to college pipeline.”  Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - Exe the Hero, WSTLNDRJoe   Show Discussion - WSTLNDRJoe is back in the house! Elroy couldn't make it this week, but Exe was lucky enough to have the perfect replacement. And you're lucky enough to hear it! This week, Joe talks about a gamepass hidden gem while also discussing the repetitive job of West Coast law enforcement. Exe balances that out by discussing one of the biggest new titles to come to Xbox and tossing in a smattering of hidden cats. Most important, there's not a single mention of beat ‘em ups anywhere to be found this week. Thanks for the week off, Elroy! (Love that guy)   Games Mentioned: Exe the Hero - Final Fantasy XVI WSTLNDRJoe - Neon White & LA Cops ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - KooshMoose, rawkerdude   Show Discussion - It's a start of summer mess-around! Big Ell and wildwest are out and we bring back a voice you haven't heard in awhile to talk turtle. Also, Koosh plays a new gamepass game. They're both rogue-lites! This summer, drink rogue-lite - the less-filling, great-tasting genre.   Games Mentioned: rawkerdude - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Splintered Fate KooshMoose - Lost in Random: The Eternal Die   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

The case for diversity in healthcare professions is strong. Research shows that a diverse healthcare workforce improves health outcomes, particularly for patients of color, and also increases people's access to care and their perception of the care they receive.  Physicians of color are more likely to build careers in underserved communities, which can contribute even more toward the goal of reducing healthcare disparities. So, what does it take to cultivate a strong and diverse health care workforce? On this week's episode, we gain insights from two knowledgeable guests, who spoke with Dr. Hadiya Green at  Movement Is Life's annual summit: Dr. Cheryl Brewster, Senior Executive Dean for Access, Opportunity, and Collaboration and a Professor in the Department of Bioethics, Humanism, and Policy Roseman University College of Medicine Dr. Jarrod Lockhart, formerly an instructor at Morehouse School of Medicine, now Assistant Vice Provost, Education Outreach & Collaboration at Oregon Health & Science University Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Wakapeil   Show Discussion - Wakapeil returns to the podcast in a delightful discussion with ElroyOMJ much like all the games they discuss return for another run. It's rewarms delights as Elroy brings Double Dragon 4 to the table boasting the cutting edge graphics/vibe of a thirty year old game, and Wakapeil somehow goes older discussing Retro Classics… a collection of games forty years old and that require more bandwidth than storage space.   Games Mentioned: ElroyOMJ - Double Dragon 4, Sherlock Purr 2, Word Quest: Medieval Wakapeil - Retro Classics, Scheming Through the Zombie Apocalypse Ep2: Caged Year of the Veiner - xNeo21x is back with the Year of the Veiner update for May! (1:31:02)  ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

HEADLINESCrypto group Tron, led by Justin Sun, to go public with Trump-linked bank after US pauses probe into billionaire founderU.S. Seizes $7.74M in Crypto Tied to North Korea's Global Fake IT Worker Networka16z crypto invests $70 million in direct EigenLayer token deal to back EigenCloud developer platform rolloutPump.fun and Other Memecoin Accounts Suspended From X in Apparent CrackdownEthereum surpasses 35 million ETH staked, a new high for the networkFriends of the ShowGear.ExeThis episode is brought to you by Gear.Exe. Supercharge Ethereum. Build on Ethereum but Experience Solana. There is no need for L2s and bridging your assets anymore because Gear.Exe is a bridgeless rollup and execution layer. Imagine a world where Ethereum has Web2-grade UX, less than one-second transaction latency, a 90–99% reduction in gas fee, and up to 1000x more compute capacity. If you want to scale your existing ETH mainnet, Dapp, visit Gear.Exe.C3The C3 team has more than 20 years of experience in journalism, including leading the editorial and content side of a major Web3 news publication. They are also experienced AI and Web3 PR professionals, regularly placing content in leading web3 and AI publications. C3's members previously co-founded the PR department at SCRIB3, and have experience with clients such as EigenLayer, VanEck, Monad, SKALE Network, LEVR Bet, Symmio, Camp Network, Evmos, Avail, Moonbeam, and others.WHERE TO FIND DCNdailycryptonews.nethttps://twitter.com/DCNDailyCryptoEMAIL or FOLLOW the HostsEmail: kyle@dailycryptonews.netX: @CryptoQuile——————————————————————NOT FINANCIAL, LEGAL, OR TAX ADVICE! JUST OPINION! WE ARE NOT EXPERTS! WE DO NOT GUARANTEE A PARTICULAR OUTCOME. WE HAVE NO INSIDE KNOWLEDGE! YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS! THIS IS JUST EDUCATION & ENTERTAINMENT! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, KooshMoose, wildwest08   Show Discussion - Ell is still playing with goats, Koosh is playing with spraypaint, and Wildwest played 1000 baby games and one big con!   Games Mentioned: Big Ell - Goat Simulator Remastered KooshMoose - Spray Paint Simulator wildwest08 - The Big Con Some of the Xbox Showcase Games Mentioned: The Blood of Dawnwalker Fate's End Keeper Mixtape Outer Worlds 2 Planet of Lana II Resonance Scott Pilgrim EX There Are No Ghosts at the Grand ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Ann talks with Andy Bessette, Exe. VP, Chief Administrative Officer, Travelers, to preview the upcoming Travelers Championship, June 18-22, TPC River Highlands, Cromwell, Ct.

HEADLINESGenius Bill Move forward and advances through the SenateBlackRock Keeps Ripping Bitcoin ETF and Ethereum ETF Seeing Big InflowsFounders of LayerZero, SEI, Selini Capital, and Plume Back Hyper-personalized AI Crypto Discovery EngineSEC Chair Paul Atkins announced this week that DeFi platforms will be exempt from regulatory restrictionsFinally, Pudgy Penguins is partnering with Nascar. These lil guys are so mainstream now.Show SponsorsGear.ExeThis episode is brought to you by Gear.Exe. Supercharge Ethereum. Build on Ethereum but Experience Solana. There is no need for L2s and bridging your assets anymore because Gear.Exe is a bridgeless rollup and execution layer. Imagine a world where Ethereum has Web2-grade UX, less than one-second transaction latency, a 90–99% reduction in gas fee, and up to 1000x more compute capacity. If you want to scale your existing ETH mainnet, Dapp, visit Gear.Exe.C3The C3 team has more than 20 years of experience in journalism, including leading the editorial and content side of a major Web3 news publication. They are also experienced AI and Web3 PR professionals, regularly placing content in leading web3 and AI publications. C3's members previously co-founded the PR department at SCRIB3, and have experience with clients such as EigenLayer, VanEck, Monad, SKALE Network, LEVR Bet, Symmio, Camp Network, Evmos, Avail, Moonbeam, and others.WHERE TO FIND DCNdailycryptonews.nethttps://twitter.com/DCNDailyCryptoEMAIL or FOLLOW the HostsEmail: kyle@dailycryptonews.netX: @CryptoQuile——————————————————————NOT FINANCIAL, LEGAL, OR TAX ADVICE! JUST OPINION! WE ARE NOT EXPERTS! WE DO NOT GUARANTEE A PARTICULAR OUTCOME. WE HAVE NO INSIDE KNOWLEDGE! YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS! THIS IS JUST EDUCATION & ENTERTAINMENT! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Poverty is a key driver of health disparities. But numerous policies have been shown to help alleviate poverty and improve health equity, according to Dr. Rita Hamad, associate professor of social and behavioral sciences at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Hamad says policymakers need to look upstream and identify the root causes of health issues. “And really recognizing that poverty is one of the major root causes of those issues, and that if we don't address that… those health issues are just going to keep arising and not getting any better,” she says.  On this episode of the Health Disparities podcast, Hamad speaks with Movement Is Life's Dr. Charla Johnson about evidence-based policies for alleviating poverty — like the child tax credit, earned income tax credit — and explains how healthcare systems can get more involved in bolstering the social safety net. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

JUNE 10 HEADLINESBitcoin Core devs merge controversial OP_RETURN policy change into planned October releaseUS Senate might pass the “GENIUS” stablecoin bill this Wednesday which could redefine how stablecoins are issued, regulated, and backedNasdaq-listed fintech Netcapital acquires crypto native protocol Mixie93 of the top 100 wallets on Pump. fun are botsCrypto CEO accused of laundering $500 million linked to sanctioned Russian banksQUICK HITSNew report claims Guggenheim will use Ripple's XRP Ledger to offer tokenized commercial paper in RWA move.SharpLink Gaming recently raised $425M in a private round led by Consensys.Polymarket bettors are 98% sure that the Fed will sit flat on interest rates in June 18.Last week, SKALE Network announced their FAIR AI chain, the first MEV-resistant Layer 1 blockchain built for the age of AI and high-performance finance.Crypto funds saw record $7B inflows in May as institutional investors are making more investments into digital assets.Show SponsorsGear.ExeThis episode is brought to you by Gear.Exe. Supercharge Ethereum. Build on Ethereum but Experience Solana. There is no need for L2s and bridging your assets anymore because Gear.Exe is a bridgeless rollup and execution layer. Imagine a world where Ethereum has Web2-grade UX, less than one-second transaction latency, a 90–99% reduction in gas fee, and up to 1000x more compute capacity. If you want to scale your existing ETH mainnet, Dapp, visit Gear.Exe.C3The C3 team has more than 20 years of experience in journalism, including leading the editorial and content side of a major Web3 news publication. They are also experienced AI and Web3 PR professionals, regularly placing content in leading web3 and AI publications. C3's members previously co-founded the PR department at SCRIB3, and have experience with clients such as EigenLayer, VanEck, Monad, SKALE Network, LEVR Bet, Symmio, Camp Network, Evmos, Avail, Moonbeam, and others.WHERE TO FIND DCNdailycryptonews.nethttps://twitter.com/DCNDailyCryptoEMAIL or FOLLOW the HostsQuileEmail: kyle@dailycryptonews.netX: @CryptoQuile——————————————————————***NOT FINANCIAL, LEGAL, OR TAX ADVICE! JUST OPINION! WE ARE NOT EXPERTS! WE DO NOT GUARANTEE A PARTICULAR OUTCOME. WE HAVE NO INSIDE KNOWLEDGE! YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS! THIS IS JUST EDUCATION & ENTERTAINMENT! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Exe and The Roy are back at ‘ya with an unintentional menagerie of multiple blasts from the past! Not BLASTERS, though, unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on your perspective). This week, Elroy talks about some crazy cyborgs while Exe keeps it cozy and safe. Oh, and we learn that Elroy STILL doesn't know which Xbox console he games on. Still love that guy!   Games Mentioned: ElroyOMJ - KIBORG and ACA NEOGEO NINJA COMBAT Exe - House Flipper and Iron Snout   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

June 5 Top HeadlinesHappy Circle IPO day –– Debuting around $31 a share, early indication for $CRCL is $45-$47, which would put institutional buyers instantly up 45% to 52%.Pumpfun founder says $1B presale funds go straight to Israel. “Pumpfun was, and always will be, a Jewish protocol” Alon shared in a recent interview.Madman James Wynn loses another $25million Bitcoin bet. But does he make more in celebrity with each loss? US Senator Cynthia Lummis says military leadership wants a national BTC reserve. She also expects Bitcoin to grow massively in the next decade. Badis Bajou, 24, suspected of organizing multiple abductions including Ledger co-founder, was caught in Tangier. Victims were tortured, ransoms demanded — even his finger was cut off. Good riddance. Show SponsorsGear.ExeThis episode is brought to you by Gear.Exe. Supercharge Ethereum. Build on Ethereum but Experience Solana. There is no need for L2s and bridging your assets anymore because Gear.Exe is a bridgeless rollup and execution layer. Imagine a world where Ethereum has Web2-grade UX, less than one-second transaction latency, a 90–99% reduction in gas fee, and up to 1000x more compute capacity. If you want to scale your existing ETH mainnet, Dapp, visit Gear.Exe.C3The C3 team has more than 20 years of experience in journalism, including leading the editorial and content side of a major Web3 news publication. They are also experienced AI and Web3 PR professionals, regularly placing content in leading web3 and AI publications. C3's members previously co-founded the PR department at SCRIB3, and have experience with clients such as EigenLayer, VanEck, Monad, SKALE Network, LEVR Bet, Symmio, Camp Network, Evmos, Avail, Moonbeam, and others.WHERE TO FIND DCNdailycryptonews.nethttps://twitter.com/DCNDailyCryptoEMAIL or FOLLOW the HostsEmail: kyle@dailycryptonews.net——————————————————————***NOT FINANCIAL, LEGAL, OR TAX ADVICE! JUST OPINION! WE ARE NOT EXPERTS! WE DO NOT GUARANTEE A PARTICULAR OUTCOME. WE HAVE NO INSIDE KNOWLEDGE! YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS! THIS IS JUST EDUCATION & ENTERTAINMENT! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

TODAY'S HEADLINES - JUNE 4MoonPay to offer direct crypto services in all 50 US states after obtaining New York's BitLicense.Pump.Fun, reportedly, is raising $1 billion for a token sale at a $4 billion valuation.MARA hits monthly mining milestone, holds all 950 BTC to grow second-largest public crypto treasury.An unofficial Trump Wallet hits the market, according to Bitcoin Magazine. Don Jr. and Eric Trump have denied any involvement.Finally, 2.1B crypto stolen in 2025 as hackers shift focus from code to users, according to a recent CertiK report.Show SponsorsGear.ExeThis episode is brought to you by Gear.Exe. Supercharge Ethereum. Build on Ethereum but Experience Solana. There is no need for L2s and bridging your assets anymore because Gear.Exe is a bridgeless rollup and execution layer. Imagine a world where Ethereum has Web2-grade UX, less than one-second transaction latency, a 90–99% reduction in gas fee, and up to 1000x more compute capacity. If you want to scale your existing ETH mainnet, Dapp, visit Gear.Exe.C3The C3 team has more than 20 years of experience in journalism, including leading the editorial and content side of a major Web3 news publication. They are also experienced AI and Web3 PR professionals, regularly placing content in leading web3 and AI publications. C3's members previously co-founded the PR department at SCRIB3, and have experience with clients such as EigenLayer, VanEck, Monad, SKALE Network, LEVR Bet, Symmio, Camp Network, Evmos, Avail, Moonbeam, and others.WHERE TO FIND DCNdailycryptonews.nethttps://twitter.com/DCNDailyCryptoEMAIL or FOLLOW the HostsEmail: kyle@dailycryptonews.net——————————————————————***NOT FINANCIAL, LEGAL, OR TAX ADVICE! JUST OPINION! WE ARE NOT EXPERTS! WE DO NOT GUARANTEE A PARTICULAR OUTCOME. WE HAVE NO INSIDE KNOWLEDGE! YOU NEED TO DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH AND MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS! THIS IS JUST EDUCATION & ENTERTAINMENT! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, KooshMoose   Show Discussion - Koosh played a metroidvania new to Game Pass. It stars a Black Panther wannabe, but it seems very enjoyable! Ell played a new JRPG brand new to Xbox and played many hours of it and completed it! What did he think of it? Thanks EastAsiaSoft!   Games Mentioned: Big Ell - Starlight Legacy KooshMoose - Tales of Kenzera: ZAU There may or may not be a hidden phrase this week. Please listen and keep those ears open! ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

A diverse healthcare workforce is critical to improving outcomes for our diverse nation. In order to achieve this, there needs to be both a pipeline and a pathway, says Dr. Valerie Montgomery Rice, President and CEO of Morehouse School of Medicine. “We need students to believe what's possible in first grade and then chart a path,” she says. Montgomery Rice says her own love and science and people led her to chart her career pathway that led her into academic medicine. “What if everybody was given that opportunity. What if everybody was told you can be whatever you want to be?” “Every one of my roles has been about how to develop people to bring their best self to work,” she says. Although health equity work can be polarized and be perceived as political, Montgomery Rice says Morehouse School of Medicine is committed to leading the creation and advancement of health equity — both through new solutions and through complementing existing ones.  The heart of her message on health equity: It's about “giving people what they need, when they need it, to achieve optimal level of health.” Montgomery Rice spoke with Movement Is Life's Dr. Carla Harwell for this episode, which was recorded at Movement Is Life's annual health equity summit. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Exe and Elroy were a little crunched for time this week, so this episode is all killer, no filler! Exe talks about the newest Gamepass darling, Doom: The Dark Ages, while Elroy keeps a similar heavy metal theme with Rock Lobs… Zombie. Add in some baby games, and you've got an odd level episode! Cheers!   Games Mentioned: Exe - Doom: The Dark Ages, Cassette Beasts ElroyOMJ - Rock Zombie, Possum Is Hungry   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, KooshMoose   Show Discussion - wildest08 called in sick so we carried on without him. Ell played a moving game of house(s) with a dark twist. KooshMoose played a AA mascot platformer that draws inspiration from several AAA mascot platformers and does it well. We've got targets (again) and a little Game Pass news. Welcome to Achievement Hunting 101!   Games Mentioned: Big Ell - Moving Houses KooshMoose - Nikoderiko: The Magical World   Year of the Veiner - xNeo21x is back with his first Year of the Veiner update in a long time! (1:00:12)  ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

No 20° episódio do EXE, podcast voltado para os gestores de futebol, recebemos Felipe Ximenes, atual CEO do Joinville Esporte Clube. O profissional compartilhou conosco suas experiências e conhecimento sobre as funções de um coordenador técnico dentro do ambiente dos clubes, a relação do executivo de futebol com o treinador, os fatores que podem gerar a demissão de um técnico, as subdivisões de um departamento de futebol e muito mais. CONHEÇA O FOOTURE • Acesse o Site: https://footure.com.br/ • Footure Club: https://footure.com.br/footure-club/​​ • Loja Futeboleira: http://footure.com.br/loja • Cursos de Análise Tática: https://footure.com.br/footure-lab/​​​​ AS NOSSAS REDES SOCIAIS • Twitter: http://twitter.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​​ • Instagram: http://instagram.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • Facebook: http://facebook.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/company/footurefc

Participating in religious activities appears to benefit cardiovascular health among Black Americans. It's something we explored in an episode on this podcast a few years back. Health systems, professional societies and researchers are increasingly recognizing that “faith-based organizations are trusted institutions within underserved communities and that people not only seek spiritual refuge and salvation in these places of worship, but they are also wonderful, trusted vessels to  distribute reliable health information,” says Dr. LaPrincess Brewer, a faculty member in the division of  Preventive Cardiology, department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic. “Participating in religious activities from church services to private prayer, as well as holding deep spiritual beliefs are  linked to better cardiovascular health among Black Americans," according to researchers of a 2022 study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association. The researchers go on to suggest that recognition by health professionals and researchers of the centrality and influence of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of African American adults may serve as a means to address cardiovascular health disparities. In an episode that was first published in 2023, Movement Is Life's Dr. Mary O'Connor spoke with Dr. Brewer, whose primary research focus is reducing cardiovascular disease health disparities in racial and ethnic minority populations  and in underserved communities, and Clarence Jones, a community engagement specialist and former director of community engagement at a federally qualified health center in Minneapolis who has extensive experience in  collaborating with community and faith-based partners in promoting community wellness and access to health services.  Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.  

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Everybody's favorite prime number podcast is back, baby! As Exe and The Roy have finally gotten their lives and free time back, they've altered their gaming habits to match the occasion. What might those alterations be?! Well, Exe talks about a rad and relatively new game in a totally tubular and relatively unfamiliar genre, while Elroy ventures years back into the backlog for a rad game with a very unique blend of genres. There is also talk of cute animals!   Games Mentioned: Exe - Robocop: Rogue City & Doctor Cat ElroyOMJ - Dungeon Punks & Ducky Dash   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

No 19° episódio do EXE, podcast voltado para os gestores de futebol, recebemos José Carlos Brunoro, ex-dirigente do Palmeiras. O profissional compartilhou conosco suas experiências e conhecimento sobre a importância do processo seletivo durante a contratação de um treinador, a conversa com o técnico Marcelo Bielsa, os primeiros 90 dias de um Executivo de Futebol dentro do clube, as formas de avaliar um departamento médico, o processo de contratação de jogadores, as ideias da Parmalat quando adentrou no contexto do futebol e muito mais. CONHEÇA O FOOTURE • Acesse o Site: https://footure.com.br/ • Footure Club: https://footure.com.br/footure-club/​​ • Loja Futeboleira: http://footure.com.br/loja • Cursos de Análise Tática: https://footure.com.br/footure-lab/​​​​ AS NOSSAS REDES SOCIAIS • Twitter: http://twitter.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​​ • Instagram: http://instagram.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • Facebook: http://facebook.com/footurefc​​​​​​​​ • LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/company/footurefc

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, wildwest08   Question of the Week - What are games or genres that you liked as a kid that you don't like as much now? Conversely, are there any games or genres you DIDN'T like as a kid that you grew to like as you got older?   Show Discussion - Ell played yet another Eastasiasoft game that involves LOTS and LOTS of JUMPING! He also enjoyed another secret game that he will divulge. He may even have a potty mouth this episode. Oops! Wildwest played a secret game. If you don't read the show notes. And nobody does. So it's still a secret. We've got targets, RTDL, and Game Pass news. Welcome to Achievement Hunting 101!   Games Mentioned: Big Ell - Go Go Jump!!! wildwest08 - Sid Meier's Civilization VII   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

In today's episode, we explore some big questions about community health — and how hospitals and health care workers can help promote equitable health outcomes in their communities. The Community Health Needs Assessment, or CHNA, is a  powerful tool for promoting health equity, says Leslie Marshburn, Vice President of Strategy & Population Health at Grady Health System. “We want to be hearing directly from the individuals that we serve — what they believe their community health needs are,” Marshburn says. The information is coupled with public data, “ideally at the most granular level, like the census track or zip code. And so those national data sets can help inform what the needs are, and then layering that with the community voice through your primary data collection and synthesizing all of that helps you identify your priorities.” When it comes to improving health outcomes in communities, it's also critical that health care providers understand health disparities, says Dr. Maura George, an associate professor in the Department of Medicine and an internist at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, where she also serves as Medical Director of Ethics.  “I think clinicians who don't know how to recognize disparities are going to perpetuate them, and we can all do that unintentionally,” George says. “I think knowing our own internalized bias, implicit bias is important, because you have to realize how that can interact in the patient care space.” Marshburn and George joined Movement Is Life's summit as workshop panelists, and spoke with steering committee member Dr. Zachary Lum for this podcast episode. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Despite both of them being in their busy season, Exe and The Roy wouldn't dare deprive you of your odd week listening habit! So, what's on deck?! Exe discusses a unique and very accessible fighting game and shares a story of a time he let the intrusive achievement hunter thoughts win, while Elroy shares his thoughts on a bizarre sports title and dishes out the deets on a new remaster. As a bonus, Exe reminisces over a very Mental (Knight 5) story about when guides go bad.   Games Mentioned: Exe - BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle Special Edition & Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Burning Earth ElroyOMJ - Metaball & Phantom Breaker: Battle Grounds Ultimate   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

This Week's Panel - Big Ell, wildwest08, KooshMoose   Show Discussion - Your regularly scheduled host's social calendars didn't align so Big Ell exited stage left for broadway and KooshMoose entered stage right in order to finish talking about South of Midnight. wildwest08 talks about his time with the Cyberpunk 2077 DLC, Phantom Liberty. There's also so much GamePass news.   Games Mentioned: KooshMoose - South of Midnight wildwest08 - Cyberpunk 2077: Phantom Liberty (DLC)   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube

Across the globe and in the U.S., environmental crises loom large and threaten our most vulnerable populations.  “There's a lot of dying that's happening now, and it's primarily among poor, Black and Brown people,” says Dr. Cherly Holder, who's on a personal mission to inspire clinicians to act on climate change.  Holder explains that a person's health and well-being is directly impacted by the environment they're surrounded by. “In celebrating and recognizing the environment, we recognize that this is how we define humanity, and how we create the environment for us to grow and thrive,” she says. In honor of Earth Day, which is coming up this month, we're dipping into our archives to bring you a conversation with Dr. Cheryl Holder. She's now retired, but at the time this conversation was recorded and produced for the Health Disparities podcast in 2021, Dr. Holder was serving as the Interim Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusivity and Community Initiatives, and associate professor at the Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University.  This episode was originally published in 2021 with host Elise Tolbert. Never miss an episode – be sure to subscribe to The Health Disparities podcast from Movement Is Life on Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts.

This Week's Panel - ElroyOMJ, Exe the Hero   Show Discussion - Exe and Elroy are back with an A-B/1-2 punch of games! Exe sneaks in a sneaky review of a sneaky game, and Elroy talks his big head off about some big heads! More importantly, never trust a ninja in the shadows and always wear a helmet!   Games Mentioned: Exe - Assassin's Creed Shadows & The Jackbox Naughty Pack ElroyOMJ - Big Helmet Heroes, Feudal Bros - Tonosama #1, & Justice Ninja Casey   ----- AH101 Podcast Show Links - https://tinyurl.com/AH101Links Intro music provided by Exe the Hero. Check out his band Window of Opportunity on Facebook and YouTube