Podcasts about Figura

Conviértete en un seguidor de este podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/el-mananero-radio--3086101/support.

Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez es un destacado Profesor Titular e investigador de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Palmira, especializado en diversidad biológica, genética de plantas y metodología molecular aplicada a la agricultura, oriundo de Palmira en el año 1951, ingeniero Agrónomo, escritor, estadista y poeta. Posición académica: Profesor titular en la Facultad de Ciencias, coordinador y director del grupo de investigación en Diversidad Biológica (categoría A1), con amplia experiencia en dirección de tesis (unos 28 doctorados, 70 maestrías y 100 pregrados). Posición académica: Profesor titular en la Facultad de Ciencias, coordinador y director del grupo de investigación en Diversidad Biológica (categoría A1), con amplia experiencia en dirección de tesis (unos 28 doctorados, 70 maestrías y 100 pregrados). Doctorado (Ph.D), con trayectoria sólida en genética vegetal, agronomía y biotecnología. Líneas de investigación: Diversidad genética, biología molecular, marcadores moleculares (microsatélites, SSR), aplicada a cultivos como banano, chícharo y plantas medicinales. Publicaciones destacadas (algunas referencias):Diversidad bacteriana, fúngica y micorrícica en Lippia alba y Petiveria alliacea (2023).Marcadores SSR en genotipos de Pisum sativum (2019).Genotipado molecular de banano y componentes del complejo Scapophilus en Colombia (2012). ResearchGate: Perfil con 9 publicaciones, 1.091 lecturas y 11 citas Google Académico: Reconocido por su formación en diversidad genética y biología molecular, con más de 1.400 citas Red institucional: Figura en enlaces de LinkedIn como profesor titular en la Universidad Nacional. Profesor e investigador de renombre en biología molecular y diversidad genética en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Áreas de impacto: Mejora agronómica, genética de cultivos, conservación de diversidad biológica.Reconocimientos: Amplio liderazgo académico, con alto impacto en investigación y formación de nuevos profesionales.

Los escritores Arturo Tendero, Eloy Cebrián, Almudena Sánchez y Javier Lorenzo repasan la figura del escritor rumano y nos recomiendan el libro 'El mundo acabará en viernes' de Manuel Moyano

"Cuando tu me miras", pieza original de Méme Solís a la manera del pianista Samuel Téllez con su combo, nos permite acercarnos a un grupo de grabaciones con las que comenzamos celebrando el cumpleaños 86 de este maestro de la música popular cubana. Figura influyente en la cancionistica como pianista, repertorista, arreglista y compositor, sobresalió al frente de "Los Méme" uno de los cuartetos vocales más populares de los años 60. Farah María, Miguel Ángel Piña, Raúl Acosta y el propio Méme, nos llevan al mismísimo centro de aquellos años. Finalizaban los 50s y, en plena adolescencia (como pianista acompañante y en sintonía con la corriente del "feeling") su manera de "poner" los temas en el teclado despertó la atención de Olga Guillot, una intérprete con una carrera ya bien establecida. Del álbum de la Guillot titulado: "Faltaba yo", editado en el 2001, escogemos su bolero: "Cuando me hablan de amor". En la frontera de los años 50 a los 60 fue notable la presencia de Méme en algunas de las primeras grabaciones para la etiqueta Gema de otra gran cantante: Elena Burke. Colaboración que alcanzó su climax un poco más avanzados los años 60s. Elena canta: "Ese hastío", otra pieza original de Méme. Acompañó a Elena, Froilán con su guitarra. Sin dudas la década del 60, con sus luces y sombras, fue decisiva. El joven talento se fue convirtiendo en uno de los referentes de aquella vibrante vida nocturna habanera, pletórica de clubes y cabarets que, desafortunadamente, poco a poco fue apagando sus luces ante el avance de la política cultural impuesta por el llamado "gobierno revolucionario". Nacido en Mayajigua, la localidad spirituana, el 23 de septiembre de 1939, el incansable espíritu musical de Méme sigue iluminando los escenarios, ofreciendo lo mejor de su arte como auténtica leyenda que es de la canción cubana. En Cubakústica celebramos los 86 del Maestro, deseándole mucha salud, nuevos proyectos y éxitos. "Sin un reproche" es otra de sus creaciones. Alguna vez acompañó con su piano a la vedette de Cuba: Rosa Fornés. El 24 de septiembre de 2025, en su aniversario 79 fue bien recordado por seguidores, músicos y amigos, el pianista de la sonrisa amplia, el baluarte sonero que en agrupaciones como la orquesta Revé, Van Van y su propia banda, desarrolló una formidable labor como arreglista y compositor, contribuyendo a la evolución de la sonoridad y el formato charangueros. El 17 de Julio de 2022 partió a la luz el maestro Pupy Pedroso dejándonos con su obra un legado invaluable. El cauce evolutivo de la música popular cubana no sería lo mismo sin el arte de este importante músico. En Cubakústica lo recordamos muy especialmente con algunos de sus éxitos vanvaneros. La veterana señal de la CMQ RadioCentro nos conducirá a los años 50. Presencia de los cancioneros en la radio independiente cubana. Con una amplísima variedad de acompañamientos, desde los primeros años 40, fueron presencia habitual en las programaciones radiales y televisivas a lo largo y ancho de la isla. Miguel Ángel Ortíz, Fernando Albuerne, Olga Rivero y Bertha Dupuy nos acompañarán durante los proximos minutos. Junto a sus voces y estilos, a cargo de las conducciones orquestales, el recuerdo de los maestros: Osvaldo Estivill, Julio Gutiérrez y Adolfo Guzmán. Un lujo volver a la sólida discografia del maestro Chucho Valdés. Sin dudas sus entregas con el proyecto "The AfroCuban Messengers" contribuyeron a una mayor difusión del jazz cubano contemporáneo más allá de nuestras costas. A nivel artístico y musical el maestro regresaba a uno de los formatos que, durante los primeros años 60, le permitió presentar credenciales. Álbum "Chucho's steps" del año 2010. Acompañaron al virtuoso músico en esa valiosa travesía: Carlos Miyares en saxo tenor; Reynaldo Melián en trompeta; Yaroldi Abreu en las percusiones; Lázaro Rivero en el bajo; Juan Carlos Rojas en drums y Dreyser Durruthy en los tambores batá y el apartado vocal.

O que significa ser uma verdadeira autoridade?Autoridade não é gritar nem impor medo, mas sustentar uma presença firme e confiável que dá segurança às crianças. Neste episódio, exploramos como professores podem unir clareza de limites e vínculo afetivo, ocupando seu lugar de forma saudável para que os alunos possam aprender sem medo.

LA PIZARRA (10:00 a 11:00) - La figura de Busquets y la J6 de La LigaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Elizabeth Figura, a Wine Developer at CodeWeavers, speaks with SE Radio host Jeremy Jung about the Wine compatibility layer and the Proton distribution. They discuss a wide range of details including system calls, what people run with Wine, how games are built differently, conformance and regression testing, native performance, emulating a CPU vs emulating system calls, the role of the Proton downstream distribution, improving Wine compatibility by patching the Linux kernel and other related projects, Wine's history and sustainment, the Crossover commercial distribution, porting games without source code, loading executables and linked libraries, the difference between user space and kernel space, poor Windows API documentation and use of private APIs, debugging compatibility issues, and contributing to the project. This episode is sponsored by Monday Dev

Elizabeth Figura is a Wine developer at Code Weavers. We discuss how Wine and Proton make it possible to run Windows applications on other operating systems. Related links WineHQ Proton Crossover Direct3D MoltenVK XAudio2 Mesa 3D Graphics Library Transcript You can help correct transcripts on GitHub. Intro [00:00:00] Jeremy: Today I am talking to Elizabeth Figuera. She's a wine developer at Code Weavers. And today we're gonna talk about what that is and, uh, all the work that goes into it. [00:00:09] Elizabeth: Thank you Jeremy. I'm glad to be here. What's Wine [00:00:13] Jeremy: I think the first thing we should talk about is maybe saying what Wine is because I think a lot of people aren't familiar with the project. [00:00:20] Elizabeth: So wine is a translation layer. in fact, I would say wine is a Windows emulator. That is what the name originally stood for. it re implements the entire windows. Or you say win 32 API. so that programs that make calls into the API, will then transfer that code to wine and and we allow that Windows programs to run on, things that are not windows. So Linux, Mac, os, other operating systems such as Solaris and BSD. it works not by emulating the CPU, but by re-implementing every API, basically from scratch and translating them to their equivalent or writing new code in case there is no, you know, equivalent. System Calls [00:01:06] Jeremy: I believe what you're doing is you're emulating system calls. Could you explain what those are and, and how that relates to the project? [00:01:15] Elizabeth: Yeah. so system call in general can be used, referred to a call into the operating system, to execute some functionality that's built into the operating system. often it's used in the context of talking to the kernel windows applications actually tend to talk at a much higher level, because there's so much, so much high level functionality built into Windows. When you think about, as opposed to other operating systems that we basically, we end up end implementing much higher level behavior than you would on Linux. [00:01:49] Jeremy: And can you give some examples of what some of those system calls would be and, I suppose how they may be higher level than some of the Linux ones. [00:01:57] Elizabeth: Sure. So of course you have like low level calls like interacting with a file system, you know, created file and read and write and such. you also have, uh, high level APIs who interact with a sound driver. [00:02:12] Elizabeth: There's, uh, one I was working on earlier today, called XAudio where you, actually, you know, build this bank of of sounds. It's meant to be, played in a game and then you can position them in various 3D space. And the, and the operating system in a sense will, take care of all of the math that goes into making that work. [00:02:36] Elizabeth: That's all running on your computer and. And then it'll send that audio data to the sound card once it's transformed it. So it sounds like it's coming from a certain space. a lot of other things like, you know, parsing XML is another big one. That there's a lot of things. The, there, the, the, the space is honestly huge [00:02:59] Jeremy: And yeah, I can sort of see how those might be things you might not expect to be done by the operating system. Like you gave the example of 3D audio and XML parsing and I think XML parsing in, in particular, you would've thought that that would be something that would be handled by the, the standard library of whatever language the person was writing their application as. [00:03:22] Jeremy: So that's interesting that it's built into the os. [00:03:25] Elizabeth: Yeah. Well, and languages like, see it's not, it isn't even part of the standard library. It's higher level than that. It's, you have specific libraries that are widespread but not. Codified in a standard, but in Windows you, in Windows, they are part of the operating system. And in fact, there's several different, XML parsers in the operating system. Microsoft likes to deprecate old APIs and make new ones that do the same thing very often. [00:03:53] Jeremy: And something I've heard about Windows is that they're typically very reluctant to break backwards compatibility. So you say they're deprecated, but do they typically keep all of them still in there? [00:04:04] Elizabeth: It all still It all still works. [00:04:07] Jeremy: And that's all things that wine has to implement as well to make sure that the software works as well. [00:04:14] Jeremy: Yeah. [00:04:14] Elizabeth: Yeah. And, and we also, you know, need to make it work. we also need to implement those things to make old, programs work because there is, uh, a lot of demand, at least from, at least from people using wine for making, for getting some really old programs, working from the. Early nineties even. What people run with Wine (Productivity, build systems, servers) [00:04:36] Jeremy: And that's probably a good, thing to talk about in terms of what, what are the types of software that, that people are trying to run with wine, and what operating system are they typically using? [00:04:46] Elizabeth: Oh, in terms of software, literally all kinds, any software you can imagine that runs on Windows, people will try to run it on wine. So we're talking games, office software productivity, software accounting. people will run, build systems on wine, build their, just run, uh, build their programs using, on visual studio, running on wine. people will run wine on servers, for example, like software as a service kind of things where you don't even know that it's running on wine. really super domain specific stuff. Like I've run astronomy, software, and wine. Design, computer assisted design, even hardware drivers can sometimes work unwind. There's a bit of a gray area. How games are different [00:05:29] Jeremy: Yeah, it's um, I think from. Maybe the general public, or at least from what I've seen, I think a lot of people's exposure to it is for playing games. is there something different about games versus all those other types of, productivity software and office software that, that makes supporting those different. [00:05:53] Elizabeth: Um, there's some things about it that are different. Games of course have gotten a lot of publicity lately because there's been a huge push, largely from valve, but also some other companies to get. A lot of huge, wide range of games working well under wine. And that's really panned out in the, in a way, I think, I think we've largely succeeded. [00:06:13] Elizabeth: We've made huge strides in the past several years. 5, 5, 10 years, I think. so when you talk about what makes games different, I think, one thing games tend to do is they have a very limited set of things they're working with and they often want to make things run fast, and so they're working very close to the me They're not, they're not gonna use an XML parser, for example. [00:06:44] Elizabeth: They're just gonna talk directly as, directly to the graphics driver as they can. Right. And, and probably going to do all their own sound design. You know, I did talk about that XAudio library, but a lot of games will just talk directly as, directly to the sound driver as Windows Let some, so this is a often a blessing, honestly, because it means there's less we have to implement to make them work. when you look at a lot of productivity applications, and especially, the other thing that makes some productivity applications harder is, Microsoft makes 'em, and They like to, make a library, for use in this one program like Microsoft Office and then say, well, you know, other programs might use this as well. Let's. Put it in the operating system and expose it and write an API for it and everything. And maybe some other programs use it. mostly it's just office, but it means that office relies on a lot of things from the operating system that we all have to reimplement. [00:07:44] Jeremy: Yeah, that's somewhat counterintuitive because when you think of games, you think of these really high performance things that that seem really complicated. But it sounds like from what you're saying, because they use the lower level primitives, they're actually easier in some ways to support. [00:08:01] Elizabeth: Yeah, certainly in some ways, they, yeah, they'll do things like re-implement the heap allocator because the built-in heap allocator isn't fast enough for them. That's another good example. What makes some applications hard to support (Some are hard, can't debug other people's apps) [00:08:16] Jeremy: You mentioned Microsoft's more modern, uh, office suites. I, I've noticed there's certain applications that, that aren't supported. Like, for example, I think the modern Adobe Creative Suite. What's the difference with software like that and does that also apply to the modern office suite, or is, or is that actually supported? [00:08:39] Elizabeth: Well, in one case you have, things like Microsoft using their own APIs that I mentioned with Adobe. That applies less, I suppose, but I think to some degree, I think to some degree the answer is that some applications are just hard and there's, and, and there's no way around it. And, and we can only spend so much time on a hard application. I. Debugging things. Debugging things can get very hard with wine. Let's, let me like explain that for a minute because, Because normally when you think about debugging an application, you say, oh, I'm gonna open up my debugger, pop it in, uh, break at this point, see what like all the variables are, or they're not what I expect. Or maybe wait for it to crash and then get a back trace and see where it crashed. And why you can't do that with wine, because you don't have the application, you don't have the symbols, you don't have your debugging symbols. You don't know anything about the code you're running unless you take the time to disassemble and decompile and read through it. And that's difficult every time. It's not only difficult, every time I've, I've looked at a program and been like, I really need to just. I'm gonna just try and figure out what the program is doing. [00:10:00] Elizabeth: It takes so much time and it is never worth it. And sometimes you have to, sometimes you have no other choice, but usually you end up, you ask to rely on seeing what calls it makes into the operating system and trying to guess which one of those is going wrong. Now, sometimes you'll get lucky and it'll crash in wine code, or sometimes it'll make a call into, a function that we don't implement yet, and we know, oh, we need to implement that function. But sometimes it does something, more obscure and we have to figure out, well, like all of these millions of calls it made, which one of them is, which one of them are we implementing incorrectly? So it's returning the wrong result or not doing something that it should. And, then you add onto that the. You know, all these sort of harder to debug things like memory errors that we could make. And it's, it can be very difficult and so sometimes some applications just suffer from those hard bugs. and sometimes it's also just a matter of not enough demand for something for us to spend a lot of time on it. [00:11:11] Elizabeth: Right. [00:11:14] Jeremy: Yeah, I can see how that would be really challenging because you're, like you were saying, you don't have the symbols, so you don't have the source code, so you don't know what any of this software you're supporting, how it was actually written. And you were saying that I. A lot of times, you know, there may be some behavior that's wrong or a crash, but it's not because wine crashed or there was an error in wine. [00:11:42] Jeremy: so you just know the system calls it made, but you don't know which of the system calls didn't behave the way that the application expected. [00:11:50] Elizabeth: Exactly. Test suite (Half the code is tests) [00:11:52] Jeremy: I can see how that would be really challenging. and wine runs so many different applications. I'm, I'm kind of curious how do you even track what's working and what's not as you, you change wine because if you support thousands or tens thousands of applications, you know, how do you know when you've got a, a regression or not? [00:12:15] Elizabeth: So, it's a great question. Um, probably over half of wine by like source code volume. I actually actually check what it is, but I think it's, i, I, I think it's probably over half is what we call is tests. And these tests serve two purposes. The one purpose is a regression test. And the other purpose is they're conformance tests that test, that test how, uh, an API behaves on windows and validates that we are behaving the same way. So we write all these tests, we run them on windows and you know, write the tests to check what the windows returns, and then we run 'em on wine and make sure that that matches. and we have just such a huge body of tests to make sure that, you know, we're not breaking anything. And that every, every, all the code that we, that we get into wine that looks like, wow, it's doing that really well. Nope, that's what Windows does. The test says so. So pretty much any code that we, any new code that we get, it has to have tests to validate, to, to demonstrate that it's doing the right thing. [00:13:31] Jeremy: And so rather than testing against a specific application, seeing if it works, you're making a call to a Windows system call, seeing how it responds, and then making the same call within wine and just making sure they match. [00:13:48] Elizabeth: Yes, exactly. And that is obviously, or that is a lot more, automatable, right? Because otherwise you have to manually, you know, there's all, these are all graphical applications. [00:14:02] Elizabeth: You'd have to manually do the things and make sure they work. Um, but if you write automateable tests, you can just run them all and the machine will complain at you if it fails it continuous integration. How compatibility problems appear to users [00:14:13] Jeremy: And because there's all these potential compatibility issues where maybe a certain call doesn't behave the way an application expects. What, what are the types of what that shows when someone's using software? I mean, I, I think you mentioned crashes, but I imagine there could be all sorts of other types of behavior. [00:14:37] Elizabeth: Yes, very much so. basically anything, anything you can imagine again is, is what will happen. You can have, crashes are the easy ones because you know when and where it crashed and you can work backwards from there. but you can also get, it can, it could hang, it could not render, right? Like maybe render a black screen. for, you know, for games you could very frequently have, graphical glitches where maybe some objects won't render right? Or the entire screen will be read. Who knows? in a very bad case, you could even bring down your system and we usually say that's not wine's fault. That's the graphics library's fault. 'cause they're not supposed to do that, uh, no matter what we do. But, you know, sometimes we have to work around that anyway. but yeah, there's, there's been some very strange and idiosyncratic bugs out there too. [00:15:33] Jeremy: Yeah. And like you mentioned that uh, there's so many different things that could have gone wrong that imagine's very difficult to find. Yeah. And when software runs through wine, I think, Performance is comparable to native [00:15:49] Jeremy: A lot of our listeners will probably be familiar with running things in a virtual machine, and they know that there's a big performance impact from doing that. [00:15:57] Jeremy: How does the performance of applications compare to running natively on the original Windows OS versus virtual machines? [00:16:08] Elizabeth: So. In theory. and I, I haven't actually done this recently, so I can't speak too much to that, but in theory, the idea is it's a lot faster. so there, there, is a bit of a joke acronym to wine. wine is not an emulator, even though I started out by saying wine is an emulator, and it was originally called a Windows emulator. but what this basically means is wine is not a CPU emulator. It doesn't, when you think about emulators in a general sense, they're often, they're often emulators for specific CPUs, often older ones like, you know, the Commodore emulator or an Amiga emulator. but in this case, you have software that's written for an x86 CPU. And it's running on an x86 CPU by giving it the same instructions that it's giving on windows. It's just that when it says, now call this Windows function, it calls us instead. So that all should perform exactly the same. The only performance difference at that point is that all should perform exactly the same as opposed to a, virtual machine where you have to interpret the instructions and maybe translate them to a different instruction set. The only performance difference is going to be, in the functions that we are implementing themselves and we try to, we try to implement them to perform. As well, or almost as well as windows. There's always going to be a bit of a theoretical gap because we have to translate from say, one API to another, but we try to make that as little as possible. And in some cases, the operating system we're running on is, is just better than Windows and the libraries we're using are better than Windows. [00:18:01] Elizabeth: And so our games will run faster, for example. sometimes we can, sometimes we can, do a better job than Windows at implementing something that's, that's under our purview. there there are some games that do actually run a little bit faster in wine than they do on Windows. [00:18:22] Jeremy: Yeah, that, that reminds me of how there's these uh, gaming handhelds out now, and some of the same ones, they have a, they either let you install Linux or install windows, or they just come with a pre-installed, and I believe what I've read is that oftentimes running the same game on both operating systems, running the same game on Linux, the battery life is better and sometimes even the performance is better with these handhelds. [00:18:53] Jeremy: So it's, it's really interesting that that can even be the case. [00:18:57] Elizabeth: Yeah, it's really a testament to the huge amount of work that's gone into that, both on the wine side and on the, side of the graphics team and the colonel team. And, and of course, you know, the years of, the years of, work that's gone into Linux, even before these gaming handhelds were, were even under consideration. Proton and Valve Software's role [00:19:21] Jeremy: And something. So for people who are familiar with the handhelds, like the steam deck, they may have heard of proton. Uh, I wonder if you can explain what proton is and how it relates to wine. [00:19:37] Elizabeth: Yeah. So, proton is basically, how do I describe this? So, proton is a sort of a fork, uh, although we try to avoid the term fork. It's a, we say it's a downstream distribution because we contribute back up to wine. so it is a, it is, it is a alternate distribution fork of wine. And it's also some code that basically glues wine into, an embedding application originally intended for steam, and developed for valve. it has also been used in, others, but it has also been used in other software. it, so where proton differs from wine besides the glue part is it has some, it has some extra hacks in it for bugs that are hard to fix and easy to hack around as some quick hacks for, making games work now that are like in the process of going upstream to wine and getting their code quality improved and going through review. [00:20:54] Elizabeth: But we want the game to work now, when we distribute it. So that'll, that'll go into proton immediately. And then once we have, once the patch makes it upstream, we replace it with the version of the patch from upstream. there's other things to make it interact nicely with steam and so on. And yeah, I think, yeah, I think that's, I got it. [00:21:19] Jeremy: Yeah. And I think for people who aren't familiar, steam is like this, um, I, I don't even know what you call it, like a gaming store and a [00:21:29] Elizabeth: store game distribution service. it's got a huge variety of games on it, and you just publish. And, and it's a great way for publishers to interact with their, you know, with a wider gaming community, uh, after it, just after paying a cut to valve of their profits, they can reach a lot of people that way. And because all these games are on team and, valve wants them to work well on, on their handheld, they contracted us to basically take their entire catalog, which is huge, enormous. And trying and just step by step. Fix every game and make them all work. [00:22:10] Jeremy: So, um, and I guess for people who aren't familiar Valve, uh, softwares the company that runs steam, and so it sounds like they've asked, uh, your company to, to help improve the compatibility of their catalog. [00:22:24] Elizabeth: Yes. valve contracted us and, and again, when you're talking about wine using lower level libraries, they've also contracted a lot of other people outside of wine. Basically, the entire stack has had a tremendous, tremendous investment by valve software to make gaming on Linux work. Well. The entire stack receives changes to improve Wine compatibility [00:22:48] Jeremy: And when you refer to the entire stack, like what are some, some of those pieces, at least at a high level. [00:22:54] Elizabeth: I, I would, let's see, let me think. There is the wine project, the. Mesa Graphics Libraries. that's a, that's another, you know, uh, open source, software project that existed, has existed for a long time. But Valve has put a lot of, uh, funding and effort into it, the Linux kernel in various different ways. [00:23:17] Elizabeth: the, the desktop, uh, environment and Window Manager for, um, are also things they've invested in. [00:23:26] Jeremy: yeah. Everything that the game needs, on any level and, and that the, and that the operating system of the handheld device needs. Wine's history [00:23:37] Jeremy: And wine's been going on for quite a while. I think it's over a decade, right? [00:23:44] Elizabeth: I believe. Oh, more than, oh, far more than a decade. I believe it started in 1990, I wanna say about 1995, mid nineties. I'm, I probably have that date wrong. I believe Wine started about the mid nineties. [00:24:00] Jeremy: Mm. [00:24:00] Elizabeth: it's going on for three decades at this rate. [00:24:03] Jeremy: Wow. Okay. [00:24:06] Jeremy: And so all this time, how has the, the project sort of sustained itself? Like who's been involved and how has it been able to keep going this long? [00:24:18] Elizabeth: Uh, I think as is the case with a lot of free software, it just, it just keeps trudging along. There's been. There's been times where there's a lot of interest in wine. There's been times where there's less, and we are fortunate to be in a time where there's a lot of interest in it. we've had the same maintainer for almost this entire, almost this entire existence. Uh, Alexander Julliard, there was one person starting who started, maintained it before him and, uh, left it maintainer ship to him after a year or two. Uh, Bob Amstat. And there has been a few, there's been a few developers who have been around for a very long time. a lot of developers who have been around for a decent amount of time, but not for the entire duration. And then a very, very large number of people who come and submit a one-off fix for their individual application that they want to make work. [00:25:19] Jeremy: How does crossover relate to the wine project? Like, it sounds like you had mentioned Valve software hired you for subcontract work, but crossover itself has been around for quite a while. So how, how has that been connected to the wine project? [00:25:37] Elizabeth: So I work for, so the, so the company I work for is Code Weavers and, crossover is our flagship software. so Code Weavers is a couple different things. We have a sort of a porting service where companies will come to us and say, can we port my application usually to Mac? And then we also have a retail service where Where we basically have our own, similar to Proton, but you know, older, but the same idea where we will add some hacks into it for very difficult to solve bugs and we have a, a nice graphical interface. And then, the other thing that we're selling with crossover is support. So if you, you know, try to run a certain application and you buy crossover, you can submit a ticket saying this doesn't work and we now have a financial incentive to fix it. You know, we'll try to, we'll try to fix your, we'll spend company resources to fix your bug, right? So that's been so, so code we v has been around since 1996 and crossover, I don't know the date, but it's crossover has been around for probably about two decades, if I'm not mistaken. [00:27:01] Jeremy: And when you mention helping companies port their software to, for example, MacOS. [00:27:07] Jeremy: Is the approach that you would port it natively to MacOS APIs or is it that you would help them get it running using wine on MacOS? [00:27:21] Elizabeth: Right. That's, so that's basically what makes us so unique among porting companies is that instead of rewriting their software, we just, we just basically stick it inside of crossover and, uh, and, and make it run. [00:27:36] Elizabeth: And the idea has always been, you know, the more we implement, the more we get correct, the, the more applications will, you know, work. And sometimes it works out that way. Sometimes not really so much. And there's always work we have to do to get any given application to work, but. Yeah, so it's, it's very unusual because we don't ask companies for any of their code. We don't need it. We just fix the windows API [00:28:07] Jeremy: And, and so in that case, the ports would be let's say someone sells a MacOS version of their software. They would bundle crossover, uh, with their software. [00:28:18] Elizabeth: Right? And usually when you do this, it doesn't look like there's crossover there. Like it just looks like this software is native, but there is soft, there is crossover under the hood. Loading executables and linked libraries [00:28:32] Jeremy: And so earlier we were talking about how you're basically intercepting the system calls that these binaries are making, whether that's the executable or the, the DLLs from Windows. Um, but I think probably a lot of our listeners are not really sure how that's done. Like they, they may have built software, but they don't know, how do I basically hijack, the system calls that this application is making. [00:29:01] Jeremy: So maybe you could talk a little bit about how that works. [00:29:04] Elizabeth: So there, so there's a couple steps to go into it. when you think about a program that's say, that's a big, a big file that's got all the machine code in it, and then it's got stuff at the beginning saying, here's how the program works and here's where in the file the processor should start running. that's, that's your EXE file. And then in your DLL files are libraries that contain shared code and you have like a similar sort of file. It says, here's the entry point. That runs this function, this, you know, this pars XML function or whatever have you. [00:29:42] Elizabeth: And here's this entry point that has the generate XML function and so on and so forth. And, and, then the operating system will basically take the EXE file and see all the bits in it. Say I want to call the pars XML function. It'll load that DLL and hook it up. So it, so the processor ends up just seeing jump directly to this pars XML function and then run that and then return and so on. [00:30:14] Elizabeth: And so what wine does, is it part of wine? That's part of wine is a library, is that, you know, the implementing that parse XML and read XML function, but part of it is the loader, which is the part of the operating system that hooks everything together. And when we load, we. Redirect to our libraries. We don't have Windows libraries. [00:30:38] Elizabeth: We like, we redirect to ours and then we run our code. And then when you jump back to the program and yeah. [00:30:48] Jeremy: So it's the, the loader that's a part of wine. That's actually, I'm not sure if running the executable is the right term. [00:30:58] Elizabeth: no, I think that's, I think that's a good term. It's, it's, it's, it starts in a loader and then we say, okay, now run the, run the machine code and it's executable and then it runs and it jumps between our libraries and back and so on. [00:31:14] Jeremy: And like you were saying before, often times when it's trying to make a system call, it ends up being handled by a function that you've written in wine. And then that in turn will call the, the Linux system calls or the MacOS system calls to try and accomplish the, the same result. [00:31:36] Elizabeth: Right, exactly. [00:31:40] Jeremy: And something that I think maybe not everyone is familiar with is there's this concept of user space versus kernel space. you explain what the difference is? [00:31:51] Elizabeth: So the way I would explain, the way I would describe a kernel is it's the part of the operating system that can do anything, right? So any program, any code that runs on your computer is talking to the processor, and the processor has to be able to do anything the computer can do. [00:32:10] Elizabeth: It has to be able to talk to the hardware, it has to set up the memory space. That, so actually a very complicated task has to be able to switch to another task. and, and, and, and basically talk to another program and. You have to have something there that can do everything, but you don't want any program to be able to do everything. Um, not since the, not since the nineties. It's about when we realized that we can't do that. so the kernel is a part that can do everything. And when you need to do something that requires those, those permissions that you can't give everyone, you have to talk to the colonel and ask it, Hey, can you do this for me please? And in a very restricted way where it's only the safe things you can do. And a degree, it's also like a library, right? It's the kernel. The kernels have always existed, and since they've always just been the core standard library of the computer that does the, that does the things like read and write files, which are very, very complicated tasks under the hood, but look very simple because all you say is write this file. And talk to the hardware and abstract away all the difference between different drivers. So the kernel is doing all of these things. So because the kernel is a part that can do everything and because when you think about the kernel, it is basically one program that is always running on your computer, but it's only one program. So when a user calls the kernel, you are switching from one program to another and you're doing a lot of complicated things as part of this. You're switching to the higher privilege level where you can do anything and you're switching the state from one program to another. And so it's a it. So this is what we mean when we talk about user space, where you're running like a normal program and kernel space where you've suddenly switched into the kernel. [00:34:19] Elizabeth: Now you're executing with increased privileges in a different. idea of the process space and increased responsibility and so on. [00:34:30] Jeremy: And, and so do most applications. When you were talking about the system calls for handling 3D audio or parsing XML. Are those considered, are those system calls considered part of user space and then those things call the kernel space on your behalf, or how, how would you describe that? [00:34:50] Elizabeth: So most, so when you look at Windows, most of most of the Windows library, the vast, vast majority of it is all user space. most of these libraries that we implement never leave user space. They never need to call into the kernel. there's the, there only the core low level stuff. Things like, we need to read a file, that's a kernel call. when you need to sleep and wait for some seconds, that's a kernel. Need to talk to a different process. Things that interact with different processes in general. not just allocate memory, but allocate a page of memory, like a, from the memory manager and then that gets sub allocated by the heap allocator. so things like that. [00:35:31] Jeremy: Yeah, so if I was writing an application and I needed to open a file, for example, does, does that mean that I would have to communicate with the kernel to, to read that file? [00:35:43] Elizabeth: Right, exactly. [00:35:46] Jeremy: And so most applications, it sounds like it's gonna be a mixture. You're gonna have a lot of things that call user space calls. And then a few, you mentioned more low level ones that are gonna require you to communicate with the kernel. [00:36:00] Elizabeth: Yeah, basically. And it's worth noting that in, in all operating systems, you're, you're almost always gonna be calling a user space library. That might just be a thin wrapper over the kernel call. It might, it's gonna do like just a little bit of work in end call the kernel. [00:36:19] Jeremy: [00:36:19] Elizabeth: In fact, in Windows, that's the only way to do it. Uh, in many other operating systems, you can actually say, you can actually tell the processor to make the kernel call. There is a special instruction that does this and just, and it'll go directly to the kernel, and there's a defined interface for this. But in Windows, that interface is not defined. It's not stable. Or backwards compatible like the rest of Windows is. So even if you wanted to use it, you couldn't. and you basically have to call into the high level libraries or low level libraries, as it were, that, that tell you that create a file. And those don't do a lot. [00:37:00] Elizabeth: They just kind of tweak their parameters a little and then pass them right down to the kernel. [00:37:07] Jeremy: And so wine, it sounds like it needs to implement both the user space calls of windows, but then also the, the kernel, calls as well. But, but wine itself does that, is that only in Linux user space or MacOS user space? [00:37:27] Elizabeth: Yes. This is a very tricky thing. but all of wine, basically all of what is wine runs in, in user space and we use. Kernel calls that are already there to talk to the colonel, to talk to the host Colonel. You have to, and you, you get, you get, you get the sort of second nature of thinking about the Windows, user space and kernel. [00:37:50] Elizabeth: And then there's a host user space and Kernel and wine is running all in user, in the user, in the host user space, but it's emulating the Windows kernel. In fact, one of the weirdest, trickiest parts is I mentioned that you can run some drivers in wine. And those drivers actually, they actually are, they think they're running in the Windows kernel. which in a sense works the same way. It has libraries that it can load, and those drivers are basically libraries and they're making, kernel calls and they're, they're making calls into the kernel library that does some very, very low level tasks that. You're normally only supposed to be able to do in a kernel. And, you know, because the kernel requires some privileges, we kind of pretend we have them. And in many cases, you're even the drivers are using abstractions. We can just implement those abstractions kind of over the slightly higher level abstractions that exist in user space. [00:39:00] Jeremy: Yeah, I hadn't even considered the being able to use hardware devices, but I, I suppose if in, in the end, if you're reproducing the kernel, then whether you're running software or you're talking to a hardware device, as long as you implement the calls correctly, then I, I suppose it works. [00:39:18] Elizabeth: Cause you're, you're talking about device, like maybe it's some kind of USB device that has drivers for Windows, but it doesn't for, for Linux. [00:39:28] Elizabeth: no, that's exactly, that's a, that's kind of the, the example I've used. Uh, I think there is, I think I. My, one of my best success stories was, uh, drivers for a graphing calculator. [00:39:41] Jeremy: Oh, wow. [00:39:42] Elizabeth: That connected via USB and I basically just plugged the windows drivers into wine and, and ran it. And I had to implement a lot of things, but it worked. But for example, something like a graphics driver is not something you could implement in wine because you need the graphics driver on the host. We can't talk to the graphics driver while the host is already doing so. [00:40:05] Jeremy: I see. Yeah. And in that case it probably doesn't make sense to do so [00:40:11] Elizabeth: Right? [00:40:12] Elizabeth: Right. It doesn't because, the transition from user into kernel is complicated. You need the graphics driver to be in the kernel and the real kernel. Having it in wine would be a bad idea. Yeah. [00:40:25] Jeremy: I, I think there's, there's enough APIs you have to try and reproduce that. I, I think, uh, doing, doing something where, [00:40:32] Elizabeth: very difficult [00:40:33] Jeremy: right. Poor system call documentation and private APIs [00:40:35] Jeremy: There's so many different, calls both in user space and in kernel space. I imagine the, the user space ones Microsoft must document to some extent, but, oh. Is that, is that a [00:40:51] Elizabeth: well, sometimes, [00:40:54] Jeremy: Sometimes. Okay. [00:40:55] Elizabeth: I think it's actually better now than it used to be. But some, here's where things get fun, because sometimes there will be, you know, regular documented calls. Sometimes those calls are documented, but the documentation isn't very good. Sometimes programs will just sort of look inside Microsoft's DLLs and use calls that they aren't supposed to be using. Sometimes they use calls that they are supposed to be using, but the documentation has disappeared. just because it's that old of an API and Microsoft hasn't kept it around. sometimes some, sometimes Microsoft, Microsoft own software uses, APIs that were never documented because they never wanted anyone else using them, but they still ship them with the operating system. there was actually a kind of a lawsuit about this because it is an antitrust lawsuit, because by shipping things that only they could use, they were kind of creating a trust. and that got some things documented. At least in theory, they kind of haven't stopped doing it, though. [00:42:08] Jeremy: Oh, so even today they're, they're, I guess they would call those private, private APIs, I suppose. [00:42:14] Elizabeth: I suppose. Uh, yeah, you could say private APIs. but if we want to get, you know, newer versions of Microsoft Office running, we still have to figure out what they're doing and implement them. [00:42:25] Jeremy: And given that they're either, like you were saying, the documentation is kind of all over the place. If you don't know how it's supposed to behave, how do you even approach implementing them? [00:42:38] Elizabeth: and that's what the conformance tests are for. And I, yeah, I mentioned earlier we have this huge body of conformance tests that double is regression tests. if we see an API, we don't know what to do with or an API, we do know, we, we think we know what to do with because the documentation can just be wrong and often has been. Then we write tests to figure out what it's supposed to behave. We kind of guess until we, and, and we write tests and we pass some things in and see what comes out and see what. The see what the operating system does until we figure out, oh, so this is what it's supposed to do and these are the exact parameters in, and, and then we, and, and then we implement it according to those tests. [00:43:24] Jeremy: Is there any distinction in approach for when you're trying to implement something that's at the user level versus the kernel level? [00:43:33] Elizabeth: No, not really. And like I, and like I mentioned earlier, like, well, I mean, a kernel call is just like a library call. It's just done in a slightly different way, but it's still got, you know, parameters in, it's still got a set of parameters. They're just encoded differently. And, and again, like the, the way kernel calls are done is on a level just above the kernel where you have a library, that just passes things through. Almost verbatim to the kernel and we implement that library instead. [00:44:10] Jeremy: And, and you've been working on i, I think, wine for over, over six years now. [00:44:18] Elizabeth: That sounds about right. Debugging and having broad knowledge of Wine [00:44:20] Jeremy: What does, uh, your, your day to day look like? What parts of the project do you, do you work on? [00:44:27] Elizabeth: It really varies from day to day. and I, I, a lot of people, a lot of, some people will work on the same parts of wine for years. Uh, some people will switch around and work on all sorts of different things. [00:44:42] Elizabeth: And I'm, I definitely belong to that second group. Like if you name an area of wine, I have almost certainly contributed a patch or two to it. there's some areas I work on more than others, like, 3D graphics, multimedia, a, I had, I worked on a compiler that exists, uh, socket. So networking communication is another thing I work a lot on. day to day, I kind of just get, I, I I kind of just get a bug for some program or another. and I take it and I debug it and figure out why the program's broken and then I fix it. And there's so much variety in that. because a bug can take so many different forms like I described, and, and, and the, and then the fix can be simple or complicated or, and it can be in really anywhere to a degree. [00:45:40] Elizabeth: being able to work on any part of wine is sometimes almost a necessity because if a program is just broken, you don't know why. It could be anything. It could be any sort of API. And sometimes you can hand the API to somebody who's got a lot of experience in that, but sometimes you just do whatever. You just fix whatever's broken and you get an experience that way. [00:46:06] Jeremy: Yeah, I mean, I was gonna ask about the specialized skills to, to work on wine, but it sounds like maybe in your case it's all of them. [00:46:15] Elizabeth: It's, there's a bit of that. it's a wine. We, the skills to work on wine are very, it's a very unique set of skills because, and it largely comes down to debugging because you can't use the tools you normally use debug. [00:46:30] Elizabeth: You have to, you have to be creative and think about it different ways. Sometimes you have to be very creative. and programs will try their hardest to avoid being debugged because they don't want anyone breaking their copy protection, for example, or or hacking, or, you know, hacking in sheets. They want to be, they want, they don't want anyone hacking them like that. [00:46:54] Elizabeth: And we have to do it anyway for good and legitimate purposes. We would argue to make them work better on more operating systems. And so we have to fight that every step of the way. [00:47:07] Jeremy: Yeah, it seems like it's a combination of. F being able, like you, you were saying, being able to, to debug. and you're debugging not necessarily your own code, but you're debugging this like behavior of, [00:47:25] Jeremy: And then based on that behavior, you have to figure out, okay, where in all these different systems within wine could this part be not working? [00:47:35] Jeremy: And I, I suppose you probably build up some kind of, mental map in your head of when you get a, a type of bug or a type of crash, you oh, maybe it's this, maybe it's here, or something [00:47:47] Elizabeth: Yeah. That, yeah, there is a lot of that. there's, you notice some patterns, you know, after experience helps, but because any bug could be new, sometimes experience doesn't help and you just, you just kind of have to start from scratch. Finding a bug related to XAudio [00:48:08] Jeremy: At sort of a high level, can you give an example of where you got a specific bug report and then where you had to look to eventually find which parts of the the system were the issue? [00:48:21] Elizabeth: one, one I think good example, that I've done recently. so I mentioned this, this XAudio library that does 3D audio. And if you say you come across a bug, I'm gonna be a little bit generics here and say you come across a bug where some audio isn't playing right, maybe there's, silence where there should be the audio. So you kind of, you look in and see, well, where's that getting lost? So you can basically look in the input calls and say, here's the buffer it's submitting that's got all the audio data in it. And you look at the output, you look at where you think the output should be, like, that library will internally call a different library, which programs can interact with directly. [00:49:03] Elizabeth: And this our high level library interacts with that is the, give this sound to the audio driver, right? So you've got XAudio on top of, um. mdev, API, which is the other library that gives audio to the driver. And you see, well, the ba the buffer is that XAudio is passing into MM Dev, dev API. They're empty, there's nothing in them. So you have to kind of work through the XAudio library to see where is, where's that sound getting lost? Or maybe, or maybe that's not getting lost. Maybe it's coming through all garbled. And I've had to look at the buffer and see why is it garbled. I'll open up it up in Audacity and look at the weight shape of the wave and say, huh, that shape of the wave looks like it's, it looks like we're putting silence every 10 nanoseconds or something, or, or reversing something or interpreting it wrong. things like that. Um, there's a lot of, you'll do a lot of, putting in print fs basically all throughout wine to see where does the state change. Where was, where is it? Where is it? Right? And then where do things start going wrong? [00:50:14] Jeremy: Yeah. And in the audio example, because they're making a call to your XAudio implementation, you can see that Okay, the, the buffer, the audio that's coming in. That part is good. It, it's just that later on when it sends it to what's gonna actually have it be played by the, the hardware, that's when missing. So, [00:50:37] Elizabeth: We did something wrong in a library that destroyed the buffer. And I think on a very, high level a lot of debugging, wine is about finding where things are good and finding where things are bad, and then narrowing that down until we find the one spot where things go wrong. There's a lot of processes that go like that. [00:50:57] Jeremy: like you were saying, the more you see these problems, hopefully the, the easier it gets to, to narrow down where, [00:51:04] Elizabeth: Often. Yeah. Especially if you keep debugging things in the same area. How much code is OS specific?c [00:51:09] Jeremy: And wine supports more than one operating system. I, I saw there was Linux, MacOS I think free BSD. How much of the code is operating system specific versus how much can just be shared across all of them? [00:51:27] Elizabeth: Not that much is operating system specific actually. so when you think about the volume of wine, the, the, the, vast majority of it is the high level code that doesn't need to interact with the operating system on a low level. Right? Because Windows keeps putting, because Microsoft keeps putting lots and lots of different libraries in their operating system. And a lot of these are high level libraries. and even when we do interact with the operating system, we're, we're using cross-platform libraries or we're using, we're using ics. The, uh, so all these operating systems that we are implementing are con, basically conformed to the posix standard. which is basically like Unix, they're all Unix based. Psic is a Unix based standard. Microsoft is, you know, the big exception that never did implement that. And, and so we have to translate its APIs to Unix, APIs. now that said, there is a lot of very operating system, specific code. Apple makes things difficult by try, by diverging almost wherever they can. And so we have a lot of Apple specific code in there. [00:52:46] Jeremy: another example I can think of is, I believe MacOS doesn't support, Vulkan [00:52:53] Elizabeth: yes. Yeah.Yeah, That's a, yeah, that's a great example of Mac not wanting to use, uh, generic libraries that work on every other operating system. and in some cases we, we look at it and are like, alright, we'll implement a wrapper for that too, on top of Yuri, on top of your, uh, operating system. We've done it for Windows, we can do it for Vulkan. and that's, and then you get the Molten VK project. Uh, and to be clear, we didn't invent molten vk. It was around before us. We have contributed a lot to it. Direct3d, Vulkan, and MoltenVK [00:53:28] Jeremy: Yeah, I think maybe just at a high level might be good to explain the relationship between Direct 3D or Direct X and Vulcan and um, yeah. Yeah. Maybe if you could go into that. [00:53:42] Elizabeth: so Direct 3D is Microsoft's 3D API. the 3D APIs, you know, are, are basically a way to, they're way to firstly abstract out the differences between different graphics, graphics cards, which, you know, look very different on a hardware level. [00:54:03] Elizabeth: Especially. They, they used to look very different and they still do look very different. and secondly, a way to deal with them at a high level because actually talking to the graphics card on a low level is very, very complicated. Even talking to it on a high level is complicated, but it gets, it can get a lot worse if you've ever been a, if you've ever done any graphics, driver development. so you have a, a number of different APIs that achieve these two goals of, of, abstraction and, and of, of, of building a common abstraction and of building a, a high level abstraction. so OpenGL is the broadly the free, the free operating system world, the non Microsoft's world's choice, back in the day. [00:54:53] Elizabeth: And then direct 3D was Microsoft's API and they've and Direct 3D. And both of these have evolved over time and come up with new versions and such. And when any, API exists for too long. It gains a lot of croft and needs to be replaced. And eventually, eventually the people who developed OpenGL decided we need to start over, get rid of the Croft to make it cleaner and make it lower level. [00:55:28] Elizabeth: Because to get in a maximum performance games really want low level access. And so they made Vulcan, Microsoft kind of did the same thing, but they still call it Direct 3D. they just, it's, it's their, the newest version of Direct 3D is lower level. It's called Direct 3D 12. and, and, Mac looked at this and they decided we're gonna do the same thing too, but we're not gonna use Vulcan. [00:55:52] Elizabeth: We're gonna define our own. And they call it metal. And so when we want to translate D 3D 12 into something that another operating system understands. That's probably Vulcan. And, and on Mac, we need to translate it to metal somehow. And we decided instead of having a separate layer from D three 12 to metal, we're just gonna translate it to Vulcan and then translate the Vulcan to metal. And it also lets things written for Vulcan on Windows, which is also a thing that exists that lets them work on metal. [00:56:30] Jeremy: And having to do that translation, does that have a performance impact or is that not really felt? [00:56:38] Elizabeth: yes. It's kind of like, it's kind of like anything, when you talk about performance, like I mentioned this earlier, there's always gonna be overhead from translating from one API to another. But we try to, what we, we put in heroic efforts to. And try, try to make sure that doesn't matter, to, to make sure that stuff that needs to be fast is really as fast as it can possibly be. [00:57:06] Elizabeth: And some very clever things have been done along those lines. and, sometimes the, you know, the graphics drivers underneath are so good that it actually does run better, even despite the translation overhead. And then sometimes to make it run fast, we need to say, well, we're gonna implement a new API that behaves more like windows, so we can do less work translating it. And that's, and sometimes that goes into the graphics library and sometimes that goes into other places. Targeting Wine instead of porting applications [00:57:43] Jeremy: Yeah. Something I've found a little bit interesting about the last few years is [00:57:49] Jeremy: Developers in the past, they would generally target Windows and you might be lucky to get a Mac port or a Linux port. And I wonder, like, in your opinion now, now that a lot of developers are just targeting Windows and relying on wine or, or proton to, to run their software, is there any, I suppose, downside to doing that? [00:58:17] Jeremy: Or is it all just upside, like everyone should target Windows as this common platform? [00:58:23] Elizabeth: Yeah. It's an interesting question. I, there's some people who seem to think it's a bad thing that, that we're not getting native ports in the same sense, and then there's some people who. Who See, no, that's a perfectly valid way to do ports just right for this defacto common API it was never intended as a cross platform common API, but we've made it one. [00:58:47] Elizabeth: Right? And so why is that any worse than if it runs on a different API on on Linux or Mac and I? Yeah, I, I, I guess I tend to, I, that that argument tends to make sense to me. I don't, I don't really see, I don't personally see a lot of reason for, to, to, to say that one library is more pure than another. [00:59:12] Elizabeth: Right now, I do think Windows APIs are generally pretty bad. I, I'm, this might be, you know, just some sort of, this might just be an effect of having to work with them for a very long time and see all their flaws and have to deal with the nonsense that they do. But I think that a lot of the. Native Linux APIs are better. But if you like your Windows API better. And if you want to target Windows and that's the only way to do it, then sure why not? What's wrong with that? [00:59:51] Jeremy: Yeah, and I think the, doing it this way, targeting Windows, I mean if you look in the past, even though you had some software that would be ported to other operating systems without this compatibility layer, without people just targeting Windows, all this software that people can now run on these portable gaming handhelds or on Linux, Most of that software was never gonna be ported. So yeah, absolutely. And [01:00:21] Elizabeth: that's [01:00:22] Jeremy: having that as an option. Yeah. [01:00:24] Elizabeth: That's kind of why wine existed, because people wanted to run their software. You know, that was never gonna be ported. They just wanted, and then the community just spent a lot of effort in, you know, making all these individual programs run. Yeah. [01:00:39] Jeremy: I think it's pretty, pretty amazing too that, that now that's become this official way, I suppose, of distributing your software where you say like, Hey, I made a Windows version, but you're on your Linux machine. it's officially supported because, we have this much belief in this compatibility layer. [01:01:02] Elizabeth: it's kind of incredible to see wine having got this far. I mean, I started working on a, you know, six, seven years ago, and even then, I could never have imagined it would be like this. [01:01:16] Elizabeth: So as we, we wrap up, for the developers that are listening or, or people who are just users of wine, um, is there anything you think they should know about the project that we haven't talked about? [01:01:31] Elizabeth: I don't think there's anything I can think of. [01:01:34] Jeremy: And if people wanna learn, uh, more about the wine project or, or see what you're up to, where, where should they, where should they head? Getting support and contributing [01:01:45] Elizabeth: We don't really have any things like news, unfortunately. Um, read the release notes, uh, follow some, there's some, there's some people who, from Code Weavers who do blogs. So if you, so if you go to codeweavers.com/blog, there's some, there's, there's some codeweavers stuff, uh, some marketing stuff. But there's also some developers who will talk about bugs that they are solving and. And how it's easy and, and the experience of working on wine. [01:02:18] Jeremy: And I suppose if, if someone's. Interested in like, like let's say they have a piece of software, it's not working through wine. what's the best place for them to, to either get help or maybe even get involved with, with trying to fix it? [01:02:37] Elizabeth: yeah. Uh, so you can file a bug on, winehq.org,or, or, you know, find, there's a lot of developer resources there and you can get involved with contributing to the software. And, uh, there, there's links to our mailing list and IRC channels and, uh, and, and the GitLab, where all places you can find developers. [01:03:02] Elizabeth: We love to help you. Debug things. We love to help you fix things. We try our very best to be a welcoming community and we have got a long, we've got a lot of experience working with people who want to get their application working. So, we would love to, we'd love to have another. [01:03:24] Jeremy: Very cool. Yeah, I think wine is a really interesting project because I think for, I guess it would've been for decades, it seemed like very niche, like not many people [01:03:37] Jeremy: were aware of it. And now I think maybe in particular because of the, the Linux gaming handhelds, like the steam deck,wine is now something that a bunch of people who would've never heard about it before, and now they're aware of it. [01:03:53] Elizabeth: Absolutely. I've watched that transformation happen in real time and it's been surreal. [01:04:00] Jeremy: Very cool. Well, Elizabeth, thank you so much for, for joining me today. [01:04:05] Elizabeth: Thank you, Jeremy. I've been glad to be here.

Cali ganó la final femenina y llega a tres títulos, igualando a Santa Fe equipo que nuevamente perdió contra el Cali una final.

La Casquería IGP Ternasco de Aragón, asegura la denominación, es garantía de origen: los corderos de la que procede pertenecen a solo alguna de las cinco razas autorizadas, y están criados únicamente en ganaderías de Aragón inscritas en la IGP Ternasco de Aragón. La alimentación de los corderos también está controlada, y se basa en leche materna y cereales naturales. El Clúster de Logística de Aragón ha organizado para esta tarde en Binéfar una Jornada de Logística en Agroalimentación.

Piše Muanis Sinanović, bere Bernard Stramič. Kritiška recepcija in interpretacija pisanja Uroša Zupana, enega najpomembnejših slovenskih pesnikov zadnjih desetletij, je v veliki meri zašla v slepo ulico. Generacijski sopotniki, ki so spremljali njegovo pot vse od prvenca do ustoličenja kot modernega klasika, velikokrat ponavljajo že večkrat izrečeno. In nadaljujejo z enakim navdušenjem. Po drugi strani je statičnost njegovega pisanja vir frustracij za del mlajše generacije, katere poezija je bolj politično nabita. Figura velikega pesnika, ki je arbiter vseh zadev, ki se tičejo poezije, jih moti. Ta odpor krepijo tudi Zupanove polemike, v katerih, v skladu s svojo od začetka poti izpričano antiintelektualistično držo, zagovarja larpurlartizem in izključuje alternative. Na drugi strani pa, kot je v literarnih spopadih zgodovine izpričano, ti mladi včasih v celoti zavračajo Zupanovo novejše pisanje in se včasih lotijo že kar objestnih napadov. K obema pristopoma bi veljalo pristopiti dialektično. Res je, da je Zupanov brezpogojni zagovor statičnosti in esteticizma lahko v apokaliptičnih časih, ki še posebej zadevajo mlade, neokusen. Obenem pa je treba poudariti, da se ravno v teh časih Zupanova poezija kaže kot izjema, kot nekaj, kar zanika dani red stvari in je kot taka lahko celo bolj subverzivna in nehote politična kot poezija, ki deklarativno izraža politična prepričanja. Svet Zupanove poezije, ki tipa »skrivnostno podlogo« sveta, kaže na možnost neke druge, izginjajoče eksistence kot nasprotja vulgarni in razpadajoči stvarnosti. Čeprav bi se komu zdelo, da je Zupanova drža povsem arogantna, ni tako. O tem priča že odlična uvodna pesem najnovejše zbirke Skrivnostna podloga – Kraj nesrečnega imena (Slovo od starega sveta). Zupan v njej z mehko prodornostjo svojega toka dolgih, polpripovednih, slutenj polnih verzov izriše tri etape narodove zgodovine. Od buditeljstva 19. stoletja, ki je temeljilo na književnosti, prek utrjevanja identitete skozi književnost 20. stoletja do našega 21. stoletja, ko se zdi, da se dogaja epohalni obrat, ki briše tako književnost kot identiteto in spomin. Zupan se zaveda, da je na nekako relikt prejšnjih časov, in se v novem počuti izgubljenega. Tudi nekatere druge pesmi v zbirki Skrivnostna podloga so vrhunske. To so tiste, v katerih se, kljub zunanjemu videzu omenjene statičnosti, lirski subjekt spopada z lastno minljivostjo, smrtnostjo in krhkostjo telesa. Z osamljenostjo v kozmosu, v svetu znanih krajev in sorodnikov, ki se srečujejo v času pogrebov. In še vedno iščejo odgovore na vprašanje eksistence. In se sprašujejo o »skrivnostni podlogi«. V njegovih verzih je opaziti nekakšno neinstitucionalno, skoraj cankarjansko sled duhovnosti, ki pa je veliko bolj agnostična in sluteča, kot je bila pri Cankarju. Drugi sklop pesmi se vrača v okrilje znanega zajemanja referenc iz življenja prijateljev in kulture, ki jih je oblikovala. Te pesmi se gibljejo med tenkočutnim upesnjevanjem izgube nekega sveta, določenim avtizmom in na nekem mestu tudi neposrečeno provokacijo. Ta bi lahko bila boljša, če bi se Zupanu ljubilo dejansko razumeti pozicije njegovih nasprotnic. Tretje pesmi pa so pesmi čiste statike, meditativnega večnega zdaj. Pesmi opisov svetlobe in teme, domačih prostorov in ulic, listja in letnih časov. Zajemajo neko doživljanje, ki je danes, kot rečeno, dragoceno. Po drugi strani pa lahko vzbujajo odpor zaradi občutka, da, denimo, letni časi pod vplivom podnebnih sprememb izginjajo, da čas zaradi svetovnih katastrof teče vedno hitreje in je tovrstno doživljanje v resnici navaden privilegij. V skladu z močjo vsebine niha tudi moč forme. Pri tem moramo dodati, da je Uroš Zupan izkušen pesnik, od katerega ne moremo pričakovati veliko slabih verzov. Ni pa nezmotljiv, kot se je tu in tam verjelo. Zbirko Skrivnostna podloga je najbolje brati prav v neodločljivosti, v kombinaciji notranjega in zunanjega pogleda, dialektiki minulega in nastalega sveta. Ne eskapistično niti ne angažirano.

En Ivoox puedes encontrar sólo algunos de los audios de Mindalia. Para escuchar las 4 grabaciones diarias que publicamos entra en https://www.mindaliatelevision.com. Si deseas ver el vídeo perteneciente a este audio, pincha aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA6l4TxBjps ¿Por qué no encuentras el amor o repites patrones dolorosos? En esta entrevista, Covadonga Pérez Lozana ‪@Covadongacoach‬ revela cómo la sombra emocional sabotea nuestras relaciones y bloquea el amor consciente. Hablamos de heridas no sanadas, vínculos tóxicos, miedo al abandono y cómo sanar desde dentro para atraer una relación auténtica. Aprende a reconocer las proyecciones, romper ciclos y conectar con un amor real, lejos del autosabotaje emocional. Covadonga Pérez Lozana Conferenciante internacional, coach, escritora de 2 libros, terapeuta y facilitadora. Creadora de su propia formación para capacitar a coaches en relaciones. Figura de referencia en temas de espiritualidad, autoestima, relaciones y perdón. Más información en: https://www.mindalia.com/television/ PARTICIPA CON TUS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE VÍDEO. -----------INFORMACIÓN SOBRE MINDALIA--------- Mindalia.com es una ONG internacional, sin ánimo de lucro, que difunde universalmente contenidos sobre espiritualidad y bienestar para la mejora de la consciencia del mundo. Apóyanos con tu donación en: https://www.mindalia.com/donar/ Suscríbete, comenta positivamente y comparte nuestros vídeos para difundir este conocimiento a miles de personas. Nuestro sitio web: https://www.mindalia.com SÍGUENOS TAMBIÉN EN NUESTRAS PLATAFORMAS Facebook: / mindalia.ayuda Instagram: / mindalia_com Twitch: / mindaliacom Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Mindalia.com *Mindalia.com no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas en este vídeo, ni necesariamente participa de ellas.

En Ivoox puedes encontrar sólo algunos de los audios de Mindalia. Para escuchar las 4 grabaciones diarias que publicamos entra en https://www.mindaliatelevision.com. Si deseas ver el vídeo perteneciente a este audio, pincha aquí: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA6l4TxBjps ¿Por qué no encuentras el amor o repites patrones dolorosos? En esta entrevista, Covadonga Pérez Lozana ‪@Covadongacoach‬ revela cómo la sombra emocional sabotea nuestras relaciones y bloquea el amor consciente. Hablamos de heridas no sanadas, vínculos tóxicos, miedo al abandono y cómo sanar desde dentro para atraer una relación auténtica. Aprende a reconocer las proyecciones, romper ciclos y conectar con un amor real, lejos del autosabotaje emocional. Covadonga Pérez Lozana Conferenciante internacional, coach, escritora de 2 libros, terapeuta y facilitadora. Creadora de su propia formación para capacitar a coaches en relaciones. Figura de referencia en temas de espiritualidad, autoestima, relaciones y perdón. Más información en: https://www.mindalia.com/television/ PARTICIPA CON TUS COMENTARIOS EN ESTE VÍDEO. -----------INFORMACIÓN SOBRE MINDALIA--------- Mindalia.com es una ONG internacional, sin ánimo de lucro, que difunde universalmente contenidos sobre espiritualidad y bienestar para la mejora de la consciencia del mundo. Apóyanos con tu donación en: https://www.mindalia.com/donar/ Suscríbete, comenta positivamente y comparte nuestros vídeos para difundir este conocimiento a miles de personas. Nuestro sitio web: https://www.mindalia.com SÍGUENOS TAMBIÉN EN NUESTRAS PLATAFORMAS Facebook: / mindalia.ayuda Instagram: / mindalia_com Twitch: / mindaliacom Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Mindalia.com *Mindalia.com no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas en este vídeo, ni necesariamente participa de ellas.

Editorial | El munícipe, una figura extinguida

Las noticias más importantes y destacadas del día. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Cada año, en el centro de Santiago de Chile, se rinde homenaje al cantautor Víctor Jara, asesinado en septiembre de 1973 tras el golpe militar de Pinochet. Víctor Jara fue torturado durante días y finalmente asesinado en el Estadio Chile, que hoy lleva su nombre. Se convirtió en un ícono político y un referente fundamental de la música chilena, donde es conocido como el “poeta de la revolución”. Víctor Jara (1932–1973) fue un destacado músico, cantautor, profesor, escritor y director de teatro chileno. Su música lo convirtió en una figura emblemática del gobierno de Salvador Allende. Tras el golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre de 1973, Jara fue detenido, torturado y ejecutado por las fuerzas militares del régimen de Augusto Pinochet. Su muerte lo consolidó como un símbolo de la lucha por los derechos humanos en Chile. Un legado musical fundamental en Chile Amanda Jara, hija de Víctor Jara, ha dedicado su vida a preservar y difundir el legado artístico y político de su padre. A través de la Fundación Víctor Jara, organiza talleres, conciertos y actividades culturales que buscan mantener viva su memoria y promover la reflexión sobre los derechos humanos. Amanda destaca en una entrevista a RFI que su padre era "ante todo un creador y un artista", y explica que "es gracias al arte que se organizan las luchas". Música, memoria y política electoral Las elecciones presidenciales en Chile están programadas para el 16 de noviembre de 2025. Los principales candidatos son José Antonio Kast, del Partido Republicano, y Jeannette Jara, del Partido Comunista. Ambos representan los extremos del espectro político y han protagonizado debates marcados por tensas confrontaciones.  En este contexto de polarización y tensión política, el legado de Víctor Jara cobra especial relevancia. Su música y su mensaje siguen siendo una fuente de inspiración para quienes luchan por la justicia, la memoria y los derechos humanos en Chile. Como señala Amanda Jara, "nunca deja de sorprenderme la cantidad de personas que siguen cantando las canciones de mi padre". Un legado que sigue vivo en el corazón del pueblo chileno.

Le ultime su due accordi trovati in casa #milan tra politica sportiva e stadio #acmilan #milannewsDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/radio-rossonera--2355694/support.

Nella galassia dei racconti UFO, ce n'è davvero per tutti i gusti. Ma se vi dicessi che, a volte, queste presenze misteriose non si limitano ad apparire, ma sembrano addirittura svanire nel nulla? Proprio come le fate, gli gnomi o i folletti delle leggende antiche. Creature elusive, che appaiono e scompaiono in un battito d'occhio, lasciandosi dietro solo un senso di stupore... e, ogni tanto, uno scatto fotografico che sfida ogni spiegazione. Sembra impossibile? Eppure, è ciò che sostiene un tranquillo inglese che, negli anni '60, durante una semplice gita al mare con la figlia, scatta una fotografia destinata a diventare una delle immagini più enigmatiche della storia dell'ufologia. Che cosa è stato davvero immortalato in quella foto? Una figura misteriosa sullo sfondo, un'ombra tra cielo e terra… una creatura proveniente dallo spazio?Una produzione Think about Science: thinkaboutscience.comCon: Massimo Polidoro e Giulio Niccolò Carlone; Video editing: Elena Mascolo, Fotografia: Claudio Sforza; Musiche: Marco Forni; Logo e animazioni: Zampediverse; Social - Comunicazione: Giacomo Vallarino - Grafiche: Roberta Baria; Distribuzione audio: Enrico Zabeo; Titoli: Jean SevillaÈ ARRIVATO IL MIO NUOVO LIBRO: "Una vita ben spesa. Trovare il senso delle cose con Leonardo, Einstein e Darwin": https://amzn.to/4leRDOR LEGGI UN ESTRATTO: https://bit.ly/4jRHXIN LEGGI la mia graphic novel: "Figli delle stelle" (con Riccardo La Bella, per Feltrinelli Comics): https://amzn.to/47YYN3KLEGGI: "Sherlock Holmes e l'arte del ragionamento" (Feltrinelli), il mio ultimo libro: https://amzn.to/3UuEwxSLEGGI: "La meraviglia del tutto" l'ultimo libro di Piero Angela che abbiamo scritto insieme: https://amzn.to/3uBTojAIscriviti alla mia NEWSLETTER: L' "AVVISO AI NAVIGANTI": https://mailchi.mp/massimopolidoro/avvisoainavigantiAderisci alla pagina PATREON, sostieni i miei progetti e accedi a tanti contenuti esclusivi:   /massimopolidoroScopri i miei Corsi online: "L'arte di Ragionare", "Psicologia dell'insolito", "L'arte di parlare in pubblico" e "l'Arte del Mentalismo": https://www.massimopolidorostudio.comPER APPROFONDIRELe musiche sono di Marco Forni e si possono ascoltare qui: https://hyperfollow.com/marcoforniLEGGI i miei libri: "Sherlock Holmes e l'arte del ragionamento": https://amzn.to/3UuEwxS"La meraviglia del tutto" con Piero Angela: https://amzn.to/3uBTojA"La scienza dell'incredibile. Come si formano credenze e convinzioni e perché le peggiori non muoiono mai": https://amzn.to/3Z9GG4W"Geniale. 13 lezioni che ho ricevuto da un mago leggendario sull'arte di vivere e pensare": https://amzn.to/3qTQmCC"Il mondo sottosopra": https://amzn.to/2WTrG0Z"Pensa come uno scienziato": https://amzn.to/3mT3gOiL' "Atlante dei luoghi misteriosi dell'antichità": https://amzn.to/2JvmQ33"La libreria dei misteri": https://amzn.to/3bHBU7E"Grandi misteri della storia": https://amzn.to/2U5hcHe"Leonardo. Genio ribelle": https://amzn.to/3lmDthJE qui l'elenco completo dei miei libri disponibili: https://amzn.to/44feDp4Non perdere i prossimi video, iscriviti al mio canale: https://goo.gl/Xkzh8ARESTIAMO IN CONTATTO:Ricevi l'Avviso ai Naviganti, la mia newsletter settimanale: https://mailchi.mp/massimopolidoro/avvisoainavigantie partecipa alle scelte della mia communitySeguimi:Patreon: massimopolidoroCorsi: massimopolidorostudio.comInstagram: @massimopolidoroPagina FB: Official.Massimo.Polidoro X: @massimopolidoro  Sito: http://www.massimopolidoro.comQuesta descrizione contiene link affiliati, il che significa che in caso di acquisto di qualcuno dei libri segnalati riceverò una piccola commissione (che a te non costerà nulla): un piccolo contributo per sostenere il canale e la realizzazione di questi video. Grazie per il sostegno!

Nella storia di Salvatore Riina e dei Corleonesi siamo giunti al 1986. Durante il Maxiprocesso di Palermo, Michele Greco – detto il “Papa” di Cosa Nostra – prende la parola per difendersi dalle accuse che lo indicano come figura centrale nella Cupola mafiosa. Con il suo tono pacato e apparentemente distaccato, Greco nega i legami con la mafia, cerca di ridimensionare il suo ruolo e dipinge un'immagine di sé lontana dalle accuse dei collaboratori di giustizia come Tommaso Buscetta. Un documento storico che mostra la strategia di difesa di uno degli uomini più influenti della mafia siciliana, e che rivela come gli imputati cercassero di smontare il quadro accusatorio della Procura di Palermo. Un passaggio fondamentale per comprendere la tensione e la portata di quel processo che segnò la storia giudiziaria italiana. ISCRIVITI AL CANALE: https://www.youtube.com/@italiamistero?sub_confirmation=1 #italiamistero #Maxiprocesso #MicheleGreco #CosaNostra #StoriaMafia #buscetta #corleonesi #riina www.italiamistero.it: https://www.italiamistero.it/

Tuvimos un lunes inusualmente relajado, así que vamos con una entrega de breves y puntuales. 

Miguel Ángel González Suárez te presenta el Informativo de Primera Hora en 'El Remate', el programa matinal de La Diez Capital Radio que arranca tu día con: Las noticias más relevantes de Canarias, España y el mundo, analizadas con rigor y claridad.Los titulares de hace un año: El incremento del precio de la vivienda en Canarias durante agosto casi duplica al nacional. Las mayores subidas se han vivido en Santa Cruz de Tenerife donde las expectativas de los vendedores han subido un 18,6%, seguida de Las Palmas (14,3%). Hoy se cumplen 1.302 días del cruel ataque e invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. 3 años y 192 días. Hoy es Jueves 4 de septiembre de 2025. Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual. El 4 de septiembre se celebra el Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual, una jornada promovida por la Asociación Mundial para la Salud Sexual (WAS, por sus siglas en inglés). Este día busca generar conciencia sobre la importancia de la salud sexual y los derechos sexuales como elementos fundamentales para el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas. Cada año, el Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual se centra en un tema específico para promover debates, educación y acciones en torno a la salud sexual a nivel global. La jornada también se enfoca en derribar tabúes y estigmas relacionados con la sexualidad, y en fomentar una visión inclusiva, equitativa y respetuosa de la diversidad sexual. 476: El último emperador del Imperio romano de Occidente, Rómulo Augústulo, es depuesto por el líder germánico Odoacro, marcando tradicionalmente el fin del Imperio Romano de Occidente. 1520: Carlos I de España, quien también sería coronado como Carlos V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, parte desde La Coruña hacia Inglaterra para encontrarse con Enrique VIII. Este viaje formó parte de los esfuerzos diplomáticos del joven emperador para consolidar su poder en Europa. 1870: En Francia, se proclama la Tercera República tras la derrota de Napoleón III en la Guerra Franco-Prusiana y su captura en la batalla de Sedán. 1886: En Estados Unidos, el líder apache Gerónimo se rinde al general Nelson Miles, poniendo fin a las Guerras Apaches. 1936: Durante la Guerra Civil Española, Francisco Franco es nombrado Generalísimo de los Ejércitos y jefe del gobierno del Estado por la Junta de Defensa Nacional, consolidando su poder en el bando sublevado. 1942: Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, un submarino alemán U-83 torpedea y hunde el buque español Castillo de Olite en el Mediterráneo. El incidente generó tensiones diplomáticas entre España y Alemania. 1957: En Arkansas, Estados Unidos, la Guardia Nacional es desplegada por el gobernador Orval Faubus para impedir la integración racial en la escuela secundaria Little Rock Central High School, un evento clave en el movimiento por los derechos civiles. 1970: En Chile, Salvador Allende gana las elecciones presidenciales, convirtiéndose en el primer presidente marxista en llegar al poder a través de elecciones democráticas en América Latina. Santoral del 4 de Septiembre: Santa Rosalía de Palermo: Una eremita siciliana del siglo XII, muy venerada en Palermo, donde se le atribuye la protección de la ciudad durante una epidemia de peste en 1624. San Moisés profeta: Figura central del Antiguo Testamento, considerado uno de los más grandes líderes y profetas de Israel. San Bonifacio I: Papa entre 418 y 422, conocido por defender la autoridad de la Iglesia romana y su independencia frente a los poderes temporales. San Marcelino de Cartago: Mártir en el siglo V durante las persecuciones en África. EE.UU. ataca un "barco con drogas" procedente de Venezuela en el Caribe matando a 11 personas. La Defensa es la principal prioridad de los europeos, según el Eurobarómetro. China muestra fuerza militar en el 80 aniversario del fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El Gobierno aprueba la condonación de parte de la deuda autonómica y asume más de 83.000 millones de euros. El Gobierno acusa a las comunidades del PP de rechazar la quita de deuda por "orden de Génova" y éstas hablan de "treta" La vicepresidenta segunda y ministra de Trabajo, Yolanda Díaz, ha anunciado que convocará a la dirección de Ryanair a una reunión urgente en el Ministerio de Trabajo para analizar la intención de la compañía de recortar la capacidad en varios aeropuertos regionales, y ha advertido de que ninguna empresa, “por muy grande que sea”, puede situarse al margen de la ley laboral”. Ya es oficial: Ryanair recorta 400.000 plazas en Canarias y se va del aeropuerto Tenerife Norte Tenerife Norte se quedará sin vuelos de Ryanair en la temporada de invierno. El récord turístico en Canarias mantiene el paro en cifras previas a la crisis de 2008 Canarias registra 150.215 demandantes, 12.830 menos que en agosto del pasado año, y 934.883 afiliados a la Seguridad Social, situándose a la cabeza del país en ambos indicadores. La ministra Montero 'perdona' a cada canario 385 euros menos de deuda que al resto de españoles. Matilde Asián afirma que el "arbitario y artifical" límite del 50% penaliza a Canarias porque se computa el REF. El jefe de la Policía Local de Tinajo niega que el Ayuntamiento haya hospedado a agresores. El cuerpo de seguridad reitera que, "en todo momento", en Tinajo se ha actuado dentro de la legislación. El 4 de septiembre tiene un significado especial en el mundo de la música gracias a "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" de Beyoncé. Aunque no fue lanzada en esta fecha, Beyoncé, una de las artistas más influyentes de la música pop contemporánea, celebra su cumpleaños el 4 de septiembre. Beyoncé ha dejado una huella indeleble en la música con numerosos éxitos a lo largo de su carrera, y su influencia va más allá de las listas de éxitos, impactando la cultura popular y el empoderamiento femenino. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", lanzada en 2008, es uno de sus temas más emblemáticos, conocido por su coreografía icónica y su mensaje de independencia y empoderamiento. El 4 de septiembre es, por tanto, una fecha significativa en la música por ser el cumpleaños de Beyoncé, una de las figuras más importantes del entretenimiento mundial.

Bienvenidos a La Diez Capital Radio! Están a punto de comenzar un nuevo episodio de nuestro Programa de Actualidad, donde la información, la formación y el entretenimiento se encuentran para ofrecerles lo mejor de las noticias y temas relevantes. Este programa, dirigido y presentado por Miguel Ángel González Suárez, es su ventana directa a los acontecimientos más importantes, así como a las historias que capturan la esencia de nuestro tiempo. A través de un enfoque dinámico y cercano, Miguel Ángel conecta con ustedes para proporcionar una experiencia informativa y envolvente. - Miguel Ángel González Suárez te presenta el Informativo de Primera Hora en 'El Remate', el programa matinal de La Diez Capital Radio que arranca tu día con: Las noticias más relevantes de Canarias, España y el mundo, analizadas con rigor y claridad.Los titulares de hace un año: El incremento del precio de la vivienda en Canarias durante agosto casi duplica al nacional. Las mayores subidas se han vivido en Santa Cruz de Tenerife donde las expectativas de los vendedores han subido un 18,6%, seguida de Las Palmas (14,3%). Hoy se cumplen 1.302 días del cruel ataque e invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. 3 años y 192 días. Hoy es Jueves 4 de septiembre de 2025. Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual. El 4 de septiembre se celebra el Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual, una jornada promovida por la Asociación Mundial para la Salud Sexual (WAS, por sus siglas en inglés). Este día busca generar conciencia sobre la importancia de la salud sexual y los derechos sexuales como elementos fundamentales para el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas. Cada año, el Día Mundial de la Salud Sexual se centra en un tema específico para promover debates, educación y acciones en torno a la salud sexual a nivel global. La jornada también se enfoca en derribar tabúes y estigmas relacionados con la sexualidad, y en fomentar una visión inclusiva, equitativa y respetuosa de la diversidad sexual. 476: El último emperador del Imperio romano de Occidente, Rómulo Augústulo, es depuesto por el líder germánico Odoacro, marcando tradicionalmente el fin del Imperio Romano de Occidente. 1520: Carlos I de España, quien también sería coronado como Carlos V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, parte desde La Coruña hacia Inglaterra para encontrarse con Enrique VIII. Este viaje formó parte de los esfuerzos diplomáticos del joven emperador para consolidar su poder en Europa. 1870: En Francia, se proclama la Tercera República tras la derrota de Napoleón III en la Guerra Franco-Prusiana y su captura en la batalla de Sedán. 1886: En Estados Unidos, el líder apache Gerónimo se rinde al general Nelson Miles, poniendo fin a las Guerras Apaches. 1936: Durante la Guerra Civil Española, Francisco Franco es nombrado Generalísimo de los Ejércitos y jefe del gobierno del Estado por la Junta de Defensa Nacional, consolidando su poder en el bando sublevado. 1942: Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, un submarino alemán U-83 torpedea y hunde el buque español Castillo de Olite en el Mediterráneo. El incidente generó tensiones diplomáticas entre España y Alemania. 1957: En Arkansas, Estados Unidos, la Guardia Nacional es desplegada por el gobernador Orval Faubus para impedir la integración racial en la escuela secundaria Little Rock Central High School, un evento clave en el movimiento por los derechos civiles. 1970: En Chile, Salvador Allende gana las elecciones presidenciales, convirtiéndose en el primer presidente marxista en llegar al poder a través de elecciones democráticas en América Latina. Santoral del 4 de Septiembre: Santa Rosalía de Palermo: Una eremita siciliana del siglo XII, muy venerada en Palermo, donde se le atribuye la protección de la ciudad durante una epidemia de peste en 1624. San Moisés profeta: Figura central del Antiguo Testamento, considerado uno de los más grandes líderes y profetas de Israel. San Bonifacio I: Papa entre 418 y 422, conocido por defender la autoridad de la Iglesia romana y su independencia frente a los poderes temporales. San Marcelino de Cartago: Mártir en el siglo V durante las persecuciones en África. EE.UU. ataca un "barco con drogas" procedente de Venezuela en el Caribe matando a 11 personas. La Defensa es la principal prioridad de los europeos, según el Eurobarómetro. China muestra fuerza militar en el 80 aniversario del fin de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El Gobierno aprueba la condonación de parte de la deuda autonómica y asume más de 83.000 millones de euros. El Gobierno acusa a las comunidades del PP de rechazar la quita de deuda por "orden de Génova" y éstas hablan de "treta" La vicepresidenta segunda y ministra de Trabajo, Yolanda Díaz, ha anunciado que convocará a la dirección de Ryanair a una reunión urgente en el Ministerio de Trabajo para analizar la intención de la compañía de recortar la capacidad en varios aeropuertos regionales, y ha advertido de que ninguna empresa, “por muy grande que sea”, puede situarse al margen de la ley laboral”. Ya es oficial: Ryanair recorta 400.000 plazas en Canarias y se va del aeropuerto Tenerife Norte Tenerife Norte se quedará sin vuelos de Ryanair en la temporada de invierno. El récord turístico en Canarias mantiene el paro en cifras previas a la crisis de 2008 Canarias registra 150.215 demandantes, 12.830 menos que en agosto del pasado año, y 934.883 afiliados a la Seguridad Social, situándose a la cabeza del país en ambos indicadores. La ministra Montero 'perdona' a cada canario 385 euros menos de deuda que al resto de españoles. Matilde Asián afirma que el "arbitario y artifical" límite del 50% penaliza a Canarias porque se computa el REF. El jefe de la Policía Local de Tinajo niega que el Ayuntamiento haya hospedado a agresores. El cuerpo de seguridad reitera que, "en todo momento", en Tinajo se ha actuado dentro de la legislación. El 4 de septiembre tiene un significado especial en el mundo de la música gracias a "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" de Beyoncé. Aunque no fue lanzada en esta fecha, Beyoncé, una de las artistas más influyentes de la música pop contemporánea, celebra su cumpleaños el 4 de septiembre. Beyoncé ha dejado una huella indeleble en la música con numerosos éxitos a lo largo de su carrera, y su influencia va más allá de las listas de éxitos, impactando la cultura popular y el empoderamiento femenino. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", lanzada en 2008, es uno de sus temas más emblemáticos, conocido por su coreografía icónica y su mensaje de independencia y empoderamiento. El 4 de septiembre es, por tanto, una fecha significativa en la música por ser el cumpleaños de Beyoncé, una de las figuras más importantes del entretenimiento mundial. - ¿Cansado de la actualidad políticamente correcta? En "El Número Uno", la sección diaria más esperada de 'El Remate' (La Diez Capital Radio), José Juan Pérez Capote —el periodista más socarrón y palmero de las ondas— - Odalys Padrón, analista y referente de la visión progresista en Canarias, aborda en La Diez Capital Radio los temas sociales, políticos y económicos que definen el presente y futuro de las islas. - Análisis sin concesiones con Pallero y Cristina A. Secas en El Remate" El Contrapunto regresa a El Remate de La Diez Capital Radio con su duelo de titanes: • Francisco Pallero (ex coronel del Ejército español): Análisis geoestratégico y seguridad nacional. • Cristina A. Secas (economista): Claves económicas y impacto social de las decisiones políticas. -"Ranas del Titicaca: Ángel Curros revela los secretos de la nueva exhibición de Poema del Mar" Ángel Curros, director de Biología de Poema del Mar, presenta en exclusiva la nueva exhibición de las ranas del lago Titicaca (Telmatobius culeus), una especie única y en peligro de extinción. -"Juan Pablo de Proyectos Insulares: El futuro del sector inmobiliario en Canarias" Juan Pablo, Director Comercial de Proyectos Insulares, empresa líder en el sector inmobiliario canario, analiza en La Diez Capital Radio los retos, oportunidades y tendencias del mercado de la vivienda y desarrollo urbano en las islas. -"Antonio Rosales, director de Showroom Mag: Tendencia, lujo y lifestyle Hoy en La Diez Capital Radio tenemos el placer de conversar con Antonio Rosales, director y editor de The Showroom Mag, una revista lifestyle que este año celebra nada menos que 17 años de trayectoria.

Os convidados do programa Pânico dessa quarta-feira (03) são Coronel Fernanda e Tomé Abduch.Coronel FernandaCoronel Fernanda é oficial da Polícia Militar de Mato Grosso há 25 anos. Já aposentada, foi convidada por Jair Bolsonaro a disputar o Senado em 2020, conquistando 266 mil votos e ficando em segundo lugar, atrás do atual ministro da Agricultura, Carlos Fávaro.Na carreira policial, enfrentou situações de alto risco e violência. Mãe de quatro filhos, chegou a ter a barriga de grávida chutada por um criminoso durante uma ocorrência.Figura de destaque no cenário político mato-grossense, Coronel Fernanda se tornou um símbolo da direita no estado e, em 2022, foi eleita deputada federal.Redes Sociais:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/coronelfernandamt/Tomé AbduchA notoriedade de Tomé Abduch começou com sua participação e, posteriormente, cofundação do movimento “Nas Ruas”. O grupo, criado em 2011, tem como principal objetivo o combate à corrupção e à impunidade no Brasil. Por meio de manifestações e mobilizações, Abduch ganhou visibilidade como uma voz ativa na defesa de ideais liberais e na crítica a temas como a corrupção e o inchaço do Estado.Antes de sua eleição, Tomé Abduch tornou-se um rosto familiar em importantes veículos de comunicação. Atuou como comentarista político em emissoras como CNN, Gazeta e Jovem Pan, onde se posicionava nos principais debates da cena política nacional. Sua presença na mídia contribuiu para a disseminação de suas ideias e para a consolidação de sua imagem como defensor de uma agenda econômica liberal e de pautas conservadoras nos costumes.Eleito para a Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo (Alesp), Abduch ocupa o cargo desde março de 2023. Em sua atuação parlamentar, tem se destacado como vice-líder do governo Tarcísio de Freitas e como voz ativa em debates sobre segurança pública, economia e pautas sociais. Sua plataforma política concentra-se na defesa da liberdade de expressão, na crítica a políticas de esquerda e na promoção de um Estado mais enxuto e eficiente.Redes Sociais:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tome_abduch/

Alors que la rentrée bat son plein et que l'été touche à sa fin, il sera bientôt l'heure de passer un peu plus de temps dans nos intérieurs. Aujourd'hui je vous invite à écouter Caroline, qui après s'être interrogée sur la façon dont nous nous habillons à la maison. Et le constat qu'elle a identifié nous sommes nombreuses à l'avoir expérimenté : legging / jogging et pulls XXL, c'est l'élégance qui file au placard. Alors pour y remédier Caroline a créé Maison Figura. Dans cette conversation, on parle bien évidemment d'entrepreneuriat, de comment se lancer dans un secteur en plein basculement, de l'importance de s'écouter et de se mettre au "diapason des saisons".

This week Mal and John check out the most recent Figura Obscura drop, The Jersey Devil. Then we conclude the Horror of Einsamall lore with a reading of stories 5-8. Does the mysterious conclusion set us up nicely for G-Con 2025?https://www.patreon.com/TheEuroLegionsPodcasthttps://linktr.ee/theeurolegionspodcastmythic legions toy collecting fantasy cosmic legions

En este episodio de *Sin Llorar* nos pusimos serios… bueno, no tanto. Analizamos la victoria del América sobre Atlas en el Apertura 2025, preguntándonos con sarcasmo fino: ¿la figura del partido fue Alan Saint-Maximin o el árbitro, el famosísimo Gato Ortiz?

Jornalista especializada em entretenimento, Keila construiu uma carreira sólida na imprensa escrita e na TV. Hoje, é consolidada na Record com quadros fixos trazendo sempre as melhores notícias e bastidores da televisão brasileira.Por trás do apelido Chico Barney está Lucas de Barros, jornalista e colunista do UOL conhecido por seu humor ácido e olhar irônico sobre a TV e a cultura pop. Figura marcante na cobertura de reality shows, ele conquistou o público com comentários sagazes que transitam entre a crítica e a piada..

Nuestra compañera Paz Rodríguez Niell entrevistó a Pablo Touzón, politólogo de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, editor de "Panamá Revista" y codirector de la consultora Escenarios

El salvadoreño Kilmar Ábrego representa a miles de migrantes que temen ser objetivo de la Administración de Donald Trump. Ábrego ha sido víctima de separación familiar tras ser arrestado por las autoridades, deportado por error a El Salvador, retornado a EE. UU., liberado y nuevamente detenido por el Servicio de Inmigración. Ahora enfrenta otra amenaza: ser enviado a Uganda. Migrantes revisa el caso en esta edición.

This week is basically brought to you by @tiny_by_tidy on Instagram, we're talking test shots, seeing the original Kickstarter figures age, and the latest Figura Obscura drop.Send us an email and ask us a question: mythicenablerspodcast@gmail.comCome join us and hangout in our Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/mythicenablerspodcastAnd follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mythicenablerspod/RSS Feed link: https://feeds.acast.com/public/shows/mythic-enablers-podcast Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Eduardo Serra, o mais internacional dos diretores portugueses de fotografia, morreu a 18 de agosto. A Academia Portuguesa de Cinema lembra figura que dialogava com cineastas de várias geografias. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Bienvenidos a UNIVERSO WARREN. En estos especiales, os narraremos casos inéditos escalofriantes que fueron investigamos por estos investigadores paranormales. Ed fue un demonólogo especializado en encantamientos y Lorraine, una medium clarividente, ambos fueron testigos de historias terroríficas que programa a programa os iremos contando. Acompáñanos en este espeluznante pasaje a los infiernos. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Bienvenidos a NOCHES DE TERROR, programa dedicado al espiritismo, casas encantadas, fantasmas, ouijas y demás misterios... ¿Qué se esconde detrás de lo que nos asusta? Dirige y presenta: Salva Valero. Las opiniones vertidas en este programa son de exclusiva responsabilidad de quienes las emiten y no representan, necesariamente, el pensamiento del programa. Twitter: @NdeTerror Mail: ndeterror@gmail.com Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Calciomercato e Ritiri con Marco Piccari e Lucio Marinucci. Ospiti: Orlando:" Darei il pallone d'oro a Donnarumma. Milan Hojlund scelta giusta." Bonanni:" Vlahovic ideale per Gasperini. Lookman brutta figura."

L'immagine della donna nella letteratura del '500, nell'Umanesimo e nel Rinascimento. Ecco come cambia la posizione della donna in questo periodo storico, non più solo oggetto passivo ma protagonista della Storia.

A ONG norte-americana “Projeto Global Contra o Ódio e o Extremismo”, na sequência dos confrontos em Múrcia no mês passado, produziu um relatório onde dá a conhecer os diversos grupos de extrema-direita espanhola. A um desses grupos está ligada uma dirigente da Juventude do Chega que estuda em Madrid. Hugo Franco leu o relatório e é com ele que falamos neste episódio.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Etimologia, storia e significato dell'allegoria, figura retorica utilizzata spesso nell'arte e in letteratura. Caratteristiche ed esempi.

El colombiano tuvo sus primeros minutos en Inglaterra y anotó tremendo golazo al demostrar toda su calidad en la zona de ataque, la misma que lo destacó en Brasil.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

El pleno extraordinario en el Congreso sobre la corrupción ha comenzado con la intervención del presidente del Gobierno, Pedro Sánchez, quien ha trasladado su pésame a la vicepresidenta segunda, Yolanda Díaz, por el reciente fallecimiento de su padre, el histórico sindicalista de Comisiones Obreras, Suso Díaz. En el 24 Horas de RNE hablamos sobre la figura de este gallego con el secretario general de Comisiones Obreras, Unai Sordo.Sobre Suso Díaz, Sordo ha destacado lo siguiente de su trayectoria: "Una persona muy afable, con mucho conocimiento, una gran persona, un sindicalista y un gran luchador por las libertades".Respecto a lo ocurrido esta mañana en la sesión del Congreso, el líder de CC.OO ha insistido en que hay que "limpiar cualquier foco de corrupción y, sobre todo, pelear por la mejora de las condiciones de vida de las mayorías sociales, no de aquellas en las que circulen las circunstancias más difíciles, como Suso nos enseñó a pelear. Y no, no tenemos derecho las nuevas generaciones a flaquear."Escuchar audio

Reunimos al Sanedrín para comentar las reformas en el CTA y la última hora de la batalla entre Real Madrid y Liga por la fecha de la primera jornada de LaLiga. 

El canterano del Real Madrid metió el único gol contra la Juventus de Turín, escuchamos reacciones y protagonistas del partido. Además, repasamos con el Sanedrín todos los temas de actualidad entre los que se encuentran el futuro a corto plazo de Gonzalo García en el equipo blanco y hablamos con Irene Paredes, capitana de la selección española antes de jugar la Eurocopa. 

Por estadísticas cada vez son más las madres de familia que sacan adelante a sus hijos solas y su actuar es admirable y heroico, sin embargo el ideal para cada uno que nace, es tener papá y mamá contando con su amor, por lo que una figura paterna es necesaria en todo ser humano. Aprendamos más sobre este importante tema sólo aquí en Enamórate con Lupita Venegas.

Jesus' teaching in Matthew's Greek utilizes figures of speech that can be impossible to translate into English but which lend force and memorability to his words. Dr. Alexander Loney is Associate Professor of Classical Languages and the Coordinator of the Classical Languages program at Wheaton College. His publications include The Ethics of Revenge and the Meanings of the Odyssey and (co-editor) The Oxford Handbook of Hesiod. He has contributed several episodes to our podcast. Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/4npvVsB  M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/4eJpHjz 

Dieter y su equipo resumen toda la actualidad.

Programas producidos por Cine en línea y retransmitidos en homenaje a la memoria de El Testigo. Redes sociales: facebook.com/bajolascapuchas

Steve Bannon, exasesor principal de Donald Trump y figura destacada del movimiento populista de derecha en Estados Unidos, solicitó la deportación de Elon Musk basándose en la "firme creencia" de que el empresario sudafricano es un "extranjero ilegal".See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.