Podcasts about soviet rule

Intro: Red Army is the Strongest - Alexandrov Red Army Choir Outro: You Fell Victim Further Reading Broué, Pierre. The German Revolution: 1917 - 1923. Haymarket Books, 2005. Carr, Edward Hallett. The Bolshevik Revolution 1917 - 1923. W.W. Norton & Company, 1985. Cohen, Stephen P. Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography 1888 - 1938. Knopf, 1973. Deutscher, Isaac. The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky, The One-Volume Edition. Verso, 2015. ——, Stalin: A Political Biography. Vintage Books, 1960. FitzPatrick, Sheila. The Russian Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2017. Kołakowski, Leszek. Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders, the Golden Age, the Breakdown. W.W. Norton & Company, 2005. Kotkin, Stephen. Stalin: Paradoxes of Power 1878 - 1928. Penguin, 2015. Rabinowitch, Alexander. The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd. Indiana University Press, 2007. Serge, Victor. Memoirs of a Revolutionary. New York Review of Books, 2012. ——., Year One of the Russian Revolution. Haymarket Books, 2015. Smith, S.A.. Russia in Revolution: Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928. Oxford University Press, 2018. Trotsky, Leon. Military Writings. Wellred Books, 2015.

Epp Annus gave a lecture on, “Do you suffer from urbanitis? Gender, cybernetics, and environmental concerns in the 1970s Estonian SSR” on Thursday, February 22, 2024 at 4:00 pm in 206 Ingraham Hall, 1155 Observatory Drive. About the Lecture: On the cover of Aimée Beekman's novel Valikuvõimalus (The Possibility of Choice, 1978) stands the figure of a naked woman with a calculator in place of her womb. Beekman's novel is a difficult fit for the well-digested Russocentric Soviet gender crisis discourse: the main character Regina is an owner of a comfortable house, she proposes to a man of her choice and then conceives three children out of wedlock, all with different men. The novel is remarkable for its proliferative ambiguity: Regina's character is presented both as admirable in her determination and agency, but also as a symptom of a society in crisis. Extramarital relations and broken relationships had become the norm, as people – ‘poisoned with noise' and addicted to constant stimulation – moved along on the ‘conveyer belt' of easy pleasures. People in the cities were figured as suffering from urbanitis, a malady of urban life that made people impatient and fidgety and inclined to fill their days with meaningless quotidian trivialities. In the novel's view, at the outset of the information age, humanity was suffering a deep and multifaceted global crisis: growing commodification, unrestrained urbanization, and polluted air and water were all producing a sense of shared insecurity and uncertainty, impacting the most intimate spheres of everyday life. This talk situates Beekman's novel within the media discussions in the 1970s Estonian SSR concerning gender, cybernetics, and the global environmental crisis. About the Lecturer: Epp Annus is Associate Professor with the Institute of Humanities at Tallinn University, Estonia. She also lectures in the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures at Ohio State University (USA). Her recent books include Soviet Postcolonial Studies: A View from the Western Borderlands (Routledge, 2018), and Coloniality, Nationality, Modernity: A Postcolonial View on Baltic Cultures under Soviet Rule, ed. Epp Annus (Routledge, 2018). She is currently working on a manuscript Environment and Society in Soviet Estonia, 1960-1990 (under contract with Cambridge UP). She is the author of two novels.

1981, Communist PolandAt the peak of the Soviet rule in Poland, the country had run into enormous economic hardships. Food became scarce, and citizens marched on the streets protesting against hunger. Everything became rationed, and even then, sometimes the rationed needs could not be met. But this is not the story of the food shortages of Communist Poland. This is the story of the larger arc of Polish food, and how it came to evolve in surpising ways over 15 centuries. And if you are intrigued about Central Asia, Samosas and Hospitality, check out the episodes on Uzbekistan Beauty of Uzbekistan and the Geometry Box: https://omny.fm/shows/postcards-from-nowhere-with-utsav-mamoria/beauty-of-uzbekistan-the-geometry-boxMelons of Samarkand: https://omny.fm/shows/postcards-from-nowhere-with-utsav-mamoria/melons-of-samarkand Vincent Van Gogh and Uzbekistan: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=I03d1slNCXMla8VCSecrets of Doors: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=InTTDLzqdrZWSvf5 Train Journeys and Humanity: Part 1: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=I2xUGZmKqpNnFmKl Train Journeys and Humanity: Part 2: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=I2fOFK5K0YFNLT3F World's most popular snack: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=ImYiIkxnf8vNTFNn For reflections on walking, check out Walking: An Act of Resistance: https://podcasts.adorilabs.com/show/e?eid=IlhRj0aYOdW8A8Pu You can reach out to our host Utsav on Instagram: @‌whywetravel42(https://www.instagram.com/whywetravel42  ) Do follow IVM Podcasts on social media. We are @IVMPodcasts on Facebook, Twitter, & Instagram.  Do share the word with your folks!    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join us for an enthralling journey through a century of resistance and survival, as we uncover the story of Poland—a nation that stood resilient in the face of occupation, tyranny, and hardship. From the heroic acts of the 'Cursed Soldiers' to the inspiring emergence of the Solidarity movement, this episode delves deep into the struggle for freedom and human dignity.

Join us for an enthralling journey through a century of resistance and survival, as we uncover the story of Poland—a nation that stood resilient in the face of occupation, tyranny, and hardship. From the heroic acts of the 'Cursed Soldiers' to the inspiring emergence of the Solidarity movement, this episode delves deep into the struggle for freedom and human dignity.

Episode 113:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyNew Economic Policy and AgricultureNew Economic Policy and IndustryNew Economic Policy and Labour[Part 25 - This Week]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the EconomyThe Inner Party Struggle - 0:30The Party State - 25:46Instituting Law - 40:20[Part 26?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27 - 30?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 6.1 - 4:33Soviet leaders in 1919. From left, Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, Mikhail Kalinin.[see on www.abnormalmapping.com/leftist-reading-rss/2022/2/15/leftist-reading-russia-in-revolution-part-25]Footnotes:54) 1:33V. P. Vilkova (ed.), VKP(b): vnutripartiinaia bor'ba v dvadtsatye gody: dokumenty i materialy, 1923g. (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2004).55) 2:05.56) 2:53Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 177.57) 5:38Moshe Lewin, Lenin's Last Struggle (London: Faber, 1969).58) 11:05For an interesting interpretation of the inner-party conflict that sees it as rooted in an underlying difference between ‘revivalist' and ‘technicist' types of Bolshevism, see Priestland, Stalinism, ch. 2.59) 12:06Richard B. Day, Leon Trotsky and the Politics of Economic Isolation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).60) 13:07Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938 (New York: Knopf, 1973).61) 14:31David R. Stone, Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union 1926–1933 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2000).62) 15:24G. L. Olekh, Krovnye uzy: RKP(b) i ChK/GPU v pervoi polovine 1920-x godov: mekhanizm vzaimootnoshenii (Novosibirsk: NGAVT 1999), 92–3.63) 18:08Stephen Kotkin, Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 (London: Penguin, 2015), 432.64) 18:31Harris, ‘Stalin as General Secretary, in Davies and Harris (eds), Stalin: A New History, 63–82 (69).65) 20:!2Excellent biographies of Stalin include Robert Service, Stalin: A Biography (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2004); Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).66) 22:14I. V. Stalin, ‘The October Revolution and the Tactics of the Russian Communists', .67) 23:27James Harris, ‘Stalin and Stalinism', The Oxford Handbook of Modern Russian History, Oxford Handbooks Online,1–21 (6).68) 24:18Alfred J. Rieber, ‘Stalin as Georgian: The Formative Years', in Davies and Harris (eds), Stalin: A New History, 18–44.69) 24:34E. A. Rees, Political Thought from Machiavelli to Stalin (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004), 222.70) 25:17 ‘Stalin i krizis proletarskoi diktatury', .71) 27:09R. W. Davies, The Industrialization of Soviet Russia, vol. 3: The Soviet Economy in Turmoil (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1929), xxiii.72) 27:55Heinzen says 70,000 were employed in the Commissariat of Agriculture by the end of the decade. Heinzen, Inventing, 2.73) 29:13Michael Voslenskii, Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class (New York: Doubleday, 1984); Harris, ‘Stalin as General Secretary', 69.74) 31:15Shkaratan, Problemy, 272.75) 32:00Golos Naroda, 199.76) 32:50Graeme Gill, Origins of the Stalinist Political System (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 118.77) 34:28Sheila Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921–1934 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).78) 38:31E. A. Wood, The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).79) 39:10Wendy Z. Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917–1936 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 111.80) 39:35Olekh, Krovnye uzy, 90.81) 40:09Golos naroda, 152.82) 41:19Nikita Petrov, ‘Les Transformations du personnel des organes de sécurité soviétiques, 1922–1953', Cahiers du monde russe, 22:2 (2001), 375–96 (376).83) 41:47S. A. Krasil'nikov, Na izlomakh sotsial'noi struktury: marginaly v poslerevoliutsionnom rossiiskom obshchestve (1917—konets 1930-kh godov) (Novosibirsk: NGU, 1998), table 4.84) 42:33V. K. Vinogradov, ‘Ob osobennostiakh informatsionnykh materialov OGPU kak istochnik po istorii sovetskogo obshchestva', in ‘Sovershenno sekretno': Liubianka- Stalinu o polozhenii v strane (1922–1934), vol. 1, part 1: 1922–23 (Moscow: RAN, 2001), 31–7685) 43:42Roger Pethybridge, One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward: Soviet Society and Politics in the New Economic Policy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).86) 44:44Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice.87) 45:38Neil B. Weissman, ‘Local Power in the 1920s: Police and Administrative Reform', in Theodore Taranovski (ed.), Reform in Modern Russian History (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center and Cambridge University Press, 1995), 265–89.88) 45:59Neil Weissman, ‘Policing the NEP Countryside', in Sheila Fitzpatrick, A. Rabinowitch, and R. Stites (eds), Russia in the Era of NEP (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 174–91 (177); R. S. Mulukaev and N. N. Kartashov, Militsiia Rossii (1917–1993gg.) (Orël: Oka, 1995), 43.89) 46:48Joan Neuberger, Hooliganism: Crime, Culture and Power in St Petersburg, 1900–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).90) 47:09Tracy McDonald, Face to the Village: The Riazan Countryside under Soviet Rule, 1921–1930 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011), 90.91) 47:41David A. Newman, ‘Criminal Strategies and Institutional Concerns in the Soviet Legal System: An Analysis of Criminal Appeals in Moscow Province, 1921–28', Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA (2013), 183.

Episode 101:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - This Week]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power - 0:21The Expansion of Soviets - 18:11[Part 14 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFootnotes:1) 0:46Thomas H. Rigby, Lenin's Government: Sovnarkom 1917–1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Alexander Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007).2) 3:06Lutz Häfner, Die Partei der Linken Sozialrevolutionäre: In der Russischen Revolution von 1917–1918 (Cologne: Böhlau, 1994).3) 4:05.4) 5:18Moskovskii Voenno-Revoliutsionnyi komitet, oktiabr'-noiabr' 1917 goda (Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1968), 182–3.5) 7:24Velikii oktiabr' i zashchita ego zavoevanii: pobeda sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii (Moscow: Nauka, 1987), 197.6) 9:46Protasov, Vserossiiskoe uchreditel'noe sobranie.7) 11:03N. S. Lar'kov, ‘Sibirskii Oktiabr' i marginaly', in Iz istorii revoliutsii v Rossii, vol. 1 (Tomsk: Tomskii gos. Universitet, 1996), 169–75; A. V. Dobrovol'skii, ‘Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov vo vlasti i v oppozitsii, 1917–1923 gody' (avtoreferat dissertatsii) (Novosibirsk, 2004), ch. 2, section 3.8) 11:38S. V. Iarov, Gorozhanin kak politik: revoliutsiia, voennyi kommunizm i NEP glazami petrogradtsev (St Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 1999), 20.9) 13:05Protasov, Vserossiiskoe uchreditel'noe sobranie, 320.10) 16:27Mark von Hagen, War in a European Borderland: Occupations and Occupation Plans in Galicia and Ukraine, 1914–1918 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007).11) 17:58Risto Alapuro, State and Revolution in Finland (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 177.12) 18:09Adam Tooze, The Deluge: The Great War and the Remaking of Global Order (New York: Viking, 2014), xxxix.13) 19:51N. S. Lar'kov, Nachalo grazhdanskoi voiny v Sibiri: armiia i bor'ba za vlast' (Tomsk: Tomskii gos. Universitet, 1995), 36.14) 21:02State Archive of Perm' Oblast', ГАПО ф. Р-359, оп.1, д.2, л.77.15) 22:00E. G. Gimpel'son, Formirovanie sovetskoi politicheskoi systemy, 1917–1923gg. (Moscow: Nauka, 1995), 26.16) 23:24Vladimir N. Brovkin, The Mensheviks after October: Socialist Opposition and the Rise of the Bolshevik Dictatorship (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987), 134.17) 23:49V. A. Koklov, ‘Men'sheviki na vyborakh v gorodskie sovety tsentral'noi Rossii vesnoi 1918g', in Men'sheviki i men'shevizm: sbornik statei (Moscow: Izd-vo Tip. Novosti 1998), 44–68, (51).18) 24:18Koklov, ‘Men'sheviki', in Men'sheviki i men'shevizm, 49.19) 24:47A. F. Zhukov, Ideino-politicheskii krakh eserovskogo maksimalizma (Leningrad: Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1979), 124.20) 26:18Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 42.21) 26:35.

Episode 99:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-10]3. From February to October 1917Dual PowerLenin and the BolsheviksThe Aspirations of Soldiers and WorkersThe Provisional Government in Crisis[Part 11 - This Week]Revolution in the Village - 0:25The Nationalist Challenge - 10:43Class, Nation and Gender - 26:04[Part 12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFootnotes:55) 0:32Orlando Figes, Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Revolution, 1917–1921 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989); John Channon, ‘The Peasantry in the Revolutions of 1917', in E. R. Frankel et al. (eds), Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 105–30.56) 2:41Graeme J. Gill, Peasants and Government in the Russian Revolution (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1979), 46–63, 75–88.57) 3:29J. L. H. Keep, The Russian Revolution: A Study in Mass Mobilization (New York: Norton, 1976), 179.58) 5:35Keep, Russian Revolution, 160.59) 7:52Channon, ‘The Landowners', in Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 120–46.60) 8:47Aaron B. Retish, Russia's Peasants in Revolution and Civil War: Citizenship, Identity, and the Creation of the Soviet State, 1914–1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008); John Channon, ‘The Bolsheviks and the Peasantry: The Land Question during the First Eight Months of Soviet Rule', Slavonic and East European Review, 66:4 (1988), 593–624.61) 10:20V. V. Kabanov, Krest'ianskaia obshchina i kooperatsiia Rossii XX veka (Moscow: RAN, 1997), 81.62) 10:59Ronald G. Suny, ‘Nationalism and Class in the Russian Revolution: A Comparative Discussion', in Frankel et al. (eds), Revolution in Russia, 219–46; Ronald G. Suny, The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993), ch. 2.63) 11:21Mark von Hagen, ‘The Great War and the Mobilization of Ethnicity in the Russian Empire', in B. R. Rubin and Jack Snyder (eds), Post-Soviet Political Order: Conflict and State Building (London: Routledge, 1998), 34–57.64) 12:58John Reshetar, The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952); Bohdan Krawchenko, Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Ukraine (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985), ch. 1.65) 15:35Steven L. Guthier, ‘The Popular Base of Ukrainian Nationalism in 1917', Slavic Review, 38:1 (1979).66) 16:11David G. Kirby, Finland in the Twentieth Century (London: Hurst, 1979), 46; Anthony F. Upton, The Finnish Revolution, 1917–1918 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980), ch. 6.67) 22:57Ronald G. Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), ch. 9.68) 24:06Tadeusz Świętochowski, Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of National Identity in a Muslim Community (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), ch. 4.69) 29:23Boris I. Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda and Anti-“Burzhui” Consciousness in 1917', Russian Review, 53 (1994), 183–96 (187–8).70) 29:44Donald J. Raleigh, Revolution on the Volga: 1917 in Saratov (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).71) 30:20T. A. Abrosimova, ‘Sotsialisticheskaia ideeia v massovom soznanii 1917g.', in Anatomiia revoliutsii. 1917 god v Rossii: massy, partii, vlast' (St Petersburg: Glagol', 1994), 176–87 (177).72) 30:46Steinberg, Voices, 17.73) 31:22Michael C. Hickey, ‘The Rise and Fall of Smolensk's Moderate Socialists: The Politics of Class and the Rhetoric of Crisis in 1917', in Donald J. Raleigh (ed.), Provincial Landscapes: Local Dimensions of Soviet Power, 1917–53 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001), 14–35.74) 32:57Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda', 190, 191.75) 32:49Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda', 189.76) 33:00Figes and Kolonitskii, Interpreting, 154.77) 34:00A. Ia. Livshin and I. B. Orlov, ‘Revolutsiia i spravedlivost': posleoktiabr'skie “pis'ma vo vlast' ”, in 1917 god v sud'bakh Rossii i mira: Oktiabr'skaia revoliutsiia (Moscow: RAN, 1998), 254, 255, 259.78) 34:12Howard White, ‘The Urban Middle Classes', in Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 64–85.79) 34:35Bor'ba za massy v trekh revoliutsiiakh v Rossii: proletariat i srednie gorodskie sloi (Moscow: Mysl', 1981), 19.80) 35:18O. N. Znamenskii, Intelligentsiia nakanune velikogo oktiabria (fevral'-oktiabr' 1917g.) (Leningrad: Nauka, 1988), 8–9.81) 35:53Bor'ba za massy, 169.82) 36:45Michael C. Hickey, Competing Voices from the Russian Revolution (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 387.83) 38:05Michael Hickey, ‘Discourses of Public Identity and Liberalism in the February Revolution: Smolensk, Spring 1917', Russian Review, 55:4 (1996), 615–37 (620); V. V. Kanishchev, ‘ “Melkoburzhuaznaia kontrrevoliutsiia”: soprotivlenie gorodskikh srednikh sloev stanovleniiu “diktatury proletariata” (oktiab'r 1917–avgust 1918g.)', in 1917 god v sud'bakh Rossii i mira, 174–87.84) 39:14Stockdale, Paul Miliukov, 258.85) 40:53Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v avguste 1917g. (razgrom Kornilovskogo miatezha) (Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959), 407.86) 41:58V. F. Shishkin, Velikii oktiabr' i proletarskii moral' (Moscow: Mysl', 1976), 57.87) 42:18Steinberg, Voices, 113.88) 44:32O. Ryvkin, ‘ “Detskie gody” Komsomola', Molodaia gvardiia, 7–8 (1923), 239–53 (244); Krupskaya, ‘Reminiscences of Lenin'.89) 45:58Ruthchild, Equality and Revolution, 227.90) 46:36Engel, Women in Russiā, 135; Ruthchild, Equality, 231.91) 47:49Jane McDermid and Anna Hillyard, Women and Work in Russia, 1880–1930 (Harlow: Longman, 1998), 167.92) 48:31Engel, Women in Russia, 141.93) 49:01Sarah Badcock, ‘Women, Protest, and Revolution: Soldiers' Wives in Russia during 1917', International Review of Social History, 49 (2004), 47–70.94) 49:19Steinberg, Voices, 98.95) 50:03D. P. Koenker and W. G. Rosenberg, Strikes and Revolution in Russia, 1917 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), 314.96) 50:21Smith, Red Petrograd, 193.97) 51:37Z. Lilina, Soldaty tyla: zhenskii trud vo vremia i posle voiny (Perm': Izd-vo Petrogradskogo Soveta, 1918), 8.98) 51:59L. G. Protasov, Vserossiiskoe uchreditel'noe sobranie: istoriia rozhdeniia i gibeli (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997), 233.99) 52:31Beate Fieseler, ‘The Making of Russian Female Social Democrats, 1890–1917', International Review of Social History, 34 (1989), 193–226.

Oles Dmytrenko has lived through a lot. As a child of the last generation of Soviet Rule, once the Iron Curtain collapsed, he discovered freedoms he couldn't have imagined. Years later the Light of the Gospel shattered his preconceptions once again. He was a new man, made over twice in one lifetime. Oles was my […] The post Light of the Church & Rumors of War: Ukraine, Pt. 5 appeared first on Compassionradio.com.

Oles Dmytrenko has lived through a lot. As a child of the last generation of Soviet Rule, once the Iron Curtain collapsed, he discovered freedoms he couldn't have imagined. Years later the Light of the Gospel shattered his preconceptions once again. He was a new man, made over twice in one lifetime. Oles was my […] The post Light of the Church & Rumors of War: Ukraine, Pt. 4 appeared first on Compassionradio.com.

Oles Dmytrenko has lived through a lot. As a child of the last generation of Soviet Rule, once the Iron Curtain collapsed, he discovered freedoms he couldn't have imagined. Years later the Light of the Gospel shattered his preconceptions once again. He was a new man, made over twice in one lifetime. Oles was my […] The post Light of the Church & Rumors of War: Ukraine, Pt. 3 appeared first on Compassionradio.com.

Oles Dmytrenko has lived through a lot. As a child of the last generation of Soviet Rule, once the Iron Curtain collapsed, he discovered freedoms he couldn't have imagined. Years later the Light of the Gospel shattered his preconceptions once again. He was a new man, made over twice in one lifetime. Oles was my […] The post Light of the Church & Rumors of War: Ukraine, Pt. 2 appeared first on Compassionradio.com.

Oles Dmytrenko has lived through a lot. As a child of the last generation of Soviet Rule, once the Iron Curtain collapsed, he discovered freedoms he couldn't have imagined. Years later the Light of the Gospel shattered his preconceptions once again. He was a new man, made over twice in one lifetime. Oles was my […] The post Light of the Church & Rumors of War: Ukraine, Pt. 1 appeared first on Compassionradio.com.

--{ "Vote for......????? "We're on Par with China using Techniques Coercive, Total Surveillance on All in The Great Collective."© Alan Watt}-- Original Broadcast Oct. 20, 2019 - News is Presented with Sides to Choose From - The Dialectic Technique - People are Militarized into a Cause - Given a Fictitious History as Your Nations Rulers or Leaders Go Across the World Pillaging Resources - The Scottish Pipe Band - Culloden; Highland Clearing, Genocide; Forbidden to Wear Clan Tartans or Speak Gaelic - Given the Version of Events You are Supposed to Accept; 9/11 - The Revolutionary Movement; Your Elected Leaders are Not the Bosses - Charles Galton Darwin's book, The Next Million Years; Ruled by Wild Men who haven't Been Indoctrinated - Given So-Called Geniuses to Follow - Christian Culture; No One was Higher Than God - In the Digital Age, You're Watching History Disappear - Everything Run by Science on Behalf of a Very Rich Elite - The Banking Collective of the World Bank, IMF, BIS, and Central Banks - Bring Down Standard of Living Under Various Guises such as Sustainability - Yuri Bezmenov - NATO - Grabbing Oil and Resources for Private Corporations - Dominant Minority - Surveillance by Government and Private Corporations; Orwell's 1984 - Religion Gave Purpose - China's Social Credit System - Long Ago, We had Rights but Now We Get Privileges - Behavioural Insights Teams (BIT) - Free Trade - China was Set Up by Those Who Ruled and Still Rule the West - EU, CFR, RIIA, Cecil Rhodes, Centralized Banking - Bertrand Russell Talked about Those Bright Children Who Might Be Brought into the Agenda - Agenda 21, Off the Land into the City - Bill Clinton and the Origin of Smart Cities - The First Thing Communists Do is Restrict Movement - Fairmount Line Bus Shelter Living Roof Initiative - NGOs, Soviet Rule by Councils - Google Tool for Cities to Measure Emissions - Nearly 100 City Mayors Announce Support of Global Green New Deal at C40 Summit - Car Free Zones in Glasgow - Australia, China, France, U.S., Canada Use of Facial Recognition - Locksley Hall, Alfred, Lord Tennyson - Managed with Left/Right Politics or You'd Have to Have Revolutions. *Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - Oct. 20, 2019 (Exempting Music and Literary Quotes)

Bobby and Katie sit down with Fr. Jacek Dada, their former pastor, whose simple invitation started them on their exciting  journey of faith.  Topics range in this episode from what it was like to live under Soviet rule, discernment, Pope John Paul II, Divine Mercy, the powerful Sacrament of Confession, demonic activity, and more!Show notes:Nowa HutaAlphaAmazing Parish ConferenceFather Garbiele Amorth (exorcist) p.s. Bob was right, it was over 50,000!!Follow us on Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube and don't forget to follow, subscribe, like and share!

--{ "Vote for......????? We're on Par with China using Techniques Coercive, Total Surveillance on All in The Great Collective." © Alan Watt }-- News is Presented with Sides to Choose From - Given a Left and Right Wing; The Dialectic Technique - People are Militarized into a Cause - Given a Fictitious History as Your Nations Rulers or Leaders Going Across the World Pillaging Resources - The Scottish Pipe Band - Culloden; Highland Clearing, Genocide; Forbidden to Wear Clan Tartans or Speak Gaelic - Given the Version of Events You are Supposed to Accept; 9/11 - Syria Scheduled for Demolishing back in the 1980s by the CIA - The Revolutionary Movement; Your Elected Leaders are Not the Bosses - Reece Commission - Charles Galton Darwin's book, The Next Million Years; Ruled by Wild Men who haven't Been Indoctrinated, Who Can Do What They Want, Unhampered by Conventional Norms - Given So-Called Geniuses to Follow - Christian Culture; No One was Higher Than God, The Message was Don't Go Worshipping People - Cultural War; Media, Internet - In the Digital Age, You're Watching History Disappear - Now into a Socialist Type of Governmental System; Everything Run by Science on Behalf of a Very Rich Elite - Socialism is Part of a Revolutionary Strategy - Communism - Carroll Quigley - The Banking Collective of the World Bank, IMF, BIS, and Central Banks; Privately-Owned, Not Owned by Government or The People - Bring Down Standard of Living Under Various Guises such as Sustainability - Yuri Bezmenov - NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Grabbing Oil and Resources for Private Corporations - Tony Blair - C.G. Darwin, Slavery has Always Existed on Earth in One Form or Another; Aldous Huxley Made Similar Statements about Slavery and a Dominant Minority - Surveillance by Government and Private Corporations; Photographed and Filmed Everywhere, Emails Kept Forever - Orwell's 1984, O'Brien to Winston, It's Not Good Enough to Say It, You Must Believe It - Religion Gave Purpose - Facial Recognition Being Introduced Everywhere; Nowhere to Point to as an Example of Freedom - China's Social Credit System - Long Ago, We had Rights but Now We Get Privileges - Watching the Chipmunks and Their Struggle to Survive Scarred and Rag-Tag, Reminds Me of How Humans have Been Flayed by Perfected Psychological Attacks - Behavioural Insights Teams (BIT) - Free Trade - China was Set Up by Those Who Ruled and Still Rule the West - EU, CFR, RIIA, Cecil Rhodes, Centralized Banking - Canada's Elections - Obama Weighs in on Canada's Federal Election, backs Trudeau - Moving the Patriot Radio Shows Away from Politics - Bertrand Russell Talked about Those Bright Children Who Might Be Brought into the Agenda, but Those who won't Go Along Will Be Eliminated - Agenda 21, Off the Land into the City - No Private Vehicles - Bill Clinton and the Origin of Smart Cities - The First Thing Communists Do is Restrict Movement - Sadiq Khan, New 'Green' Energy Company - Austria, New Lab for Smart City Development - Fairmount Line Bus Shelter Living Roof Initiative; Bezmenov Talked about Throwing Money at Silly, Useless Projects - NGOs, Soviet Rule by Councils - Google Offers Tool for Cities to Measure Emissions - Los Angeles has a New urban Forest Officer - UK's First Purpose-Built Smart City - Nearly 100 City Mayors Announce Support of Global Green New Deal at C40 summit - Car Free Oslo - Car Free Zones in Glasgow - San Francisco to Ban Cars on Part of Market Street - American Summer Camps Using Facial Recognition Technology to Send Updates to Parents - Apple, Amazon, Google and the Race for Your Face - France to Use Nationwide Facial Recognition ID App - The First Public Schools In The US Will Start Using Facial Recognition - Toronto Police have been Using Facial Recognition Technology for More than a Year - Australian Governments Continue Expanding Use of Facial Recognition - Chinese Citizens will Soon Need to Scan their Face Before They can Access Internet Services - Please Remember to Visit my Website, www.cuttingthroughthematrix.com and Donate and Order - Locksley Hall, Alfred, Lord Tennyson - Words, Spelling, a Spell - Managed with Left/Right Politics or You'd Have to Have Revolutions. *Title and Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - Oct. 20, 2019 (Exempting Music and Literary Quotes)

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Botakoz Kassymbekova’s Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) is a terrific study of early Soviet rule in Tajikistan based on extensive archival research. Her work explores technologies of governance used in early Soviet Tajikistan in order to implement Soviet plans for industrialization and collectivization. The study highlights the importance of individual leaders who used such technologies to try and adhere to the commands coming from the Politburo. This is essential reading for anyone interested in how the early Soviet government sought to overcome ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity across a vast space. In a field often bogged down with unsatisfying comparisons to Western-style colonialism, Kassymbekova’s work shows new directions that historians of Central Asia and the Soviet Union can take in order to problematize the application of terms such as “empire,” “imperialism,” and “colonialism” in the Soviet context. She shows that the nature of rule in the Soviet Tajikistan, as elsewhere in the Soviet Union was ever-changing and often could not be easily defined purely by these theoretical concepts. Nicholas Seay is a PhD candidate at The Ohio State University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Design and Video Production by creative agency extraordinaire: Thrillhouse Studios https://thrillhousestudios.com Dr. McDonald is a specialist in Russian and Soviet History. Her areas of interest include social and cultural history, micro-history, film, agrarian studies, violence, and animal studies. Her articles on peasant rebellion and on banditry in Riazan have appeared in the Journal of Social History and Canadian-American Slavic Studies as well as the edited volume, Contending with Stalinism: Soviet Power and Popular Resistance in the 1930s. She is the author of Face to the Village: The Riazan Countryside under Soviet Rule, 1921-1930 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011). Instagram: https://instagram.com/vladmotorykin Facebook: https://facebook.com/likbezshow

Moscow has had a major make-over in the decades since Soviet Rule ended, but many modern visitors come to appreciate the remaining and magnificent relics of the old order.

Guest: Botakoz Kassymbekova on Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan. The post Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan appeared first on The Eurasian Knot.

Guest: Botakoz Kassymbekova on Despite Cultures: Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan. The post Early Soviet Rule in Tajikistan appeared first on SRB Podcast.

--{ Logic Estranged for the Deranged: "Soya, Veggies and Beans, the Farce is Starting, We'll Soon, by Law, Each Pay for Farting, A Collective Punishment on the Masses For Expelling Legume Greenhouse Gases, A Whole Lot of Nothing to be Traded for Money, Two Cons Together, Now ain't that Funny, No Jobs, and Services Given the Axe As We're Ordered to Pay Existence Tax, We're Bankrupt, Soon to Ration Food, Sending Billions to Third World for 'Common Good' " © Alan Watt }-- Media Spins - Legal Declarations, Agreement by Silence - "Voluntary" becomes Mandatory, Driving Licences, Auto Insurance - Personal Carbon Tax, Carbon Offset for Air Travel - Chicago Climate Exchange (Casino); Contracts, Permits and Penalties for Energy Consumption - Al Gore Socialized (Factory) Medicine, Cutting Costs - Obama, "Burden of Elderly", Euthanasia - Flu Shots for U.S. - Mix of Common Flu and Avian Flu, Viral Mutations from Hosts' DNA, Breeding Viruses - Contagious Diseases - Creation of Killer Virus (Spanish Flu Mix) - Swine Flu Diagnosis and Hype. Svalbard, Norway's Global Seed Storage Bank. PBSG Polar Bear Conference, Dr. Taylor's "Contrary Belief" on Global Warming, More Bears (They Can Swim), Thickening Arctic Ice. WWF wants Vegetarian World, Meat and Dairy Warning Labels - War Scenario to Unite Planet - Food Rationing - Foundation-Funded NGOs, Soviet Rule by Councils - Gordon Brown's Call for New Bretton Woods. Creation of Communism by Bankers - World Population Reduction and Management. (Articles: ["Zerofootprint" [Voluntary Personal Carbon Offset Tax] (zerofootprint.net).] ["Your Personal Climate Exchange" by Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff (forbes.com) - Nov. 24, 2008.] ["Listening Session of the Federal Coordinating Council for Comparative Effectiveness Research" (hhs.gov) - June 10, 2009.] ["Comparative Effectiveness Research Funding" (hhs.gov).] ["Federal Coordinating Council for Comparative Effectiveness Research" [PDF File] (hhs.gov) - June 30, 2009.] [Video: "Obama Depopulation Policy Exposed!" [See Obama's Top Man Emanuel Leave Quickly When His Pro-Euthanasia Policy is Exposed] (youtube.com).] [Video: "Obama Admin to Depopulate This Fall 2009" [US to get 3 flu Shots by Law] (youtube.com).] ["US VIPs to visit Svalbard's Global Seed Bank" by A. Rienstra (icenews.is) - July 20, 2008.] ["Polar bear expert barred by global warmists" by Christopher Booker (telegraph.co.uk) - June 27, 2009.] ["Brown facing revolt over plans to raid health, transport and education budgets to pay for latest round of spending" by James Chapman (dailymail.co.uk) - July 1, 2009.] ["Eat red meat just three times a week, says World Wildlife Fund" by Sean Poulter (dailymail.co.uk) - June 29, 2009.] ["Commonwealth say IMF, UN 'inadequate' on crises" Reuters (polity.org.za) - June 10, 2008.]) *Title/Poem and Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - June 30, 2009 (Exempting Music, Literary Quotes, and Callers' Comments)

It’s hard to know what to think about the Russian Revolution of 1917. Was it a military coup led by a band of ideological fanatics bent on the seizure of power? Was it a popular uprising led by an iron-willed party against a bankrupt political order? Or something else? The debate began immediately after the October Revolution and continues to this day. No one is in a better position to answer these and related questions about early Soviet power than Alex Rabinowitch. For over forty years he has been at the forefront of scholars trying to figure out just what happened in 1917 and the years that followed. His Prelude to Revolution. The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising (Indiana UP, 1968) was “revisionist” before Revisionism and remains a classic of Soviet history today. The same might be said of his follow up book, The Bolsheviks Come to Power. The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd (Norton, 1976; Haymarket, 2004). Now Professor Rabinowitch has treated us with yet a third installment in what is destined to become the standard work on the Bolsheviks in the Revolutionary period: The Bolsheviks in Power. The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd (Indiana UP, 2008). The book, as we might well expect, is terribly impressive. It does all the things critical history should: debunks myths, establishes facts, and sets the story in a framework that makes what happened understandable. Thanks to Professor Rabinowitch’s work, it’s now much easier to know what to think about the Russian Revolution. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s hard to know what to think about the Russian Revolution of 1917. Was it a military coup led by a band of ideological fanatics bent on the seizure of power? Was it a popular uprising led by an iron-willed party against a bankrupt political order? Or something else? The debate began immediately after the October Revolution and continues to this day. No one is in a better position to answer these and related questions about early Soviet power than Alex Rabinowitch. For over forty years he has been at the forefront of scholars trying to figure out just what happened in 1917 and the years that followed. His Prelude to Revolution. The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising (Indiana UP, 1968) was “revisionist” before Revisionism and remains a classic of Soviet history today. The same might be said of his follow up book, The Bolsheviks Come to Power. The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd (Norton, 1976; Haymarket, 2004). Now Professor Rabinowitch has treated us with yet a third installment in what is destined to become the standard work on the Bolsheviks in the Revolutionary period: The Bolsheviks in Power. The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd (Indiana UP, 2008). The book, as we might well expect, is terribly impressive. It does all the things critical history should: debunks myths, establishes facts, and sets the story in a framework that makes what happened understandable. Thanks to Professor Rabinowitch’s work, it’s now much easier to know what to think about the Russian Revolution. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

--{ "Western World's Economy to go Down the Drain, Says Chancellor Darling, More Misery and Pain, Urban Warfare Drills Seem to be Soaring, Unemployment and Riots, We Know Where it's Going, Don't Believe for a Moment Darling Botched His Sums, The Future is Planned by Much Bigger Bums" © Alan Watt }-- New Book Available: "Waiting for the Miracle....." by Alan Watt (at www.cuttingthroughthematrix.com). Soviet Rule, NGOs, Foundations - Parallel Government - Factories Moved to China - Service Economy. Britain, Treasury, Chancellor of Exchequer - Economic Depression - United States, Emigration for Work Abroad - 100 Years War - Inoculations. 9-11, Martial Law Bills - Curfews - State and Media Give Morals - Wartime Scenario - Urban Military Training. Trick of the Elect, Electricity. War Against Islam - UNESCO in Middle East. Pantheism, Nature Worship, New Priesthood - Voluntary Sterilization, Euthanasia - New Age Religion - Hinduism, India, Caste System - "Nature" and Science, Creations of Man. Palestine, Ancient History - Temple Mount, Animal Sacrifice - Crossroads, Jerusalem - Britain, Setting Up of Israel, Sir Ronald Storrs, New Ulster - Dubai, City Pyramid (Perfected Mountain). (Articles: ["Economy at 60-year low, says Darling. And it will get worse" by Nicholas Watt (guardian.co.uk) - Aug. 29, 2008.] ["Cornwall police hail voluntary curfew in Redruth" by Craig Kenny (communitycare.co.uk) - Aug. 28, 2008.] ["Military chopper buzz returns to Oregon skies" by Kyle Iboshi and kgw.com Staff (kgw.com) - Aug. 27, 2008.]) *Dialogue Copyrighted Alan Watt - Aug. 29, 2008 (Exempting Music, Literary Quotes, and Callers' Comments)