Podcasts about Davies

Every story is shaping us. Movies, television, books, music, and digital media do more than entertain. They work on our imaginations, stir our affections, and quietly influence what we love, admire, fear, and desire. So how can Christian parents help their children engage culture thoughtfully without falling into either fearful rejection or uncritical consumption? Brett McCracken, author and senior editor and director of communications at The Gospel Coalition, joins Davies Owens to explore what wise media consumption looks like for Christian families. Brett shares how his own love of both the church and the arts led him to spend decades thinking about Christianity and culture, and why discernment requires going deeper than simply checking a movie rating or counting objectionable content. Together, Brett and Davies discuss how stories form us, why even seemingly wholesome entertainment can communicate unhealthy ideas, the value of watching media in community, and practical questions parents can use to spark meaningful conversations with their children. They also use Project Hail Mary as a fascinating example of how Christians can identify themes of grace, sacrifice, virtue, and truth in a story that isn't explicitly Christian. The goal isn't to consume everything, nor is it to retreat from culture. It's to become people capable of recognizing what is true, beautiful, and good while also knowing when something simply isn't worth our attention. If you're raising children in a world overflowing with stories and screens, this conversation offers a thoughtful framework for helping them become wise viewers rather than passive consumers. Special Thanks to our partners who make BaseCamp Live possible: Wisdom and EloquenceThe Herzog FoundationLife ArchitectsWisephone by TechlessZipCast Stay tuned for more enlightening discussions on classical Christian education, and join us next time on BaseCamp Live! Remember to subscribe, leave us a review, and reach out to us at info@basecamplive.comDon't forget to visit basecamplive.com for more info and past episodes.

Episode 489 of F-Stop Collaborate and Listen features Mali Davies, a photographer, podcaster, and educator from Northwest England, newly transitioned from a decades-long graphic design career to full-time photography. Host Matt Payne and Mali Davies explore the motivations behind leaving the corporate world, with Mali Davies explaining how his daughter's autism and mental health journey became a catalyst for reevaluating his priorities and embracing a more present, flexible lifestyle. The discussion moves beyond technical aspects, addressing how personal experience, mood, and family relationships deeply inform artistic work, and highlighting the transformative power of nature, especially woodlands, in Mali Davies's creative process. They also discuss the importance of mindset and practice over rigid compositional rules, emphasizing that enthusiasm, attitude, and personal connection drive photographic growth more than gear or formula. Mali Davies shares how his workshops and mentoring programs focus on empowering photographers to build self-belief and find their own voice, often providing what participants truly need rather than what they assume. The episode concludes with a thoughtful exchange about community, vulnerability, and the lifelong process of learning and creative development. Links and Resources: Muench Workshops Giveaway Mali Davies Photography Let's Create Let's Talk Podcast Mali Davies YouTube Channel Support Mali Davies on Patreon Brendan van Son Beth Moon Christina Wilson Photography Mark Adams Support the show on Patreon

Wrapping up action from the race weekend, covering all the scoops, with the normal cast of characters. --- CHAPTERS --- 00:00 Cold open & sponsor rundown 01:18 Ironman overview & Fly Racing ad 03:06 Setting up the Jett/Hunter fix controversy 06:09 Confirmation bias, gambling conspiracy & JT's ankle evidence 12:19 Weege's Jet interview & Moto 2 recap 17:28 Three fix theories, broadcaster speculation & JT's prize-money theory 28:02 Respecting Hunter's talent & will Jett return to form 32:46 Congrats Hunter, HRC celebration & scoop banter 35:27 Honda execs at the track / Toru talk 37:09 Jorge Prado's dominant win & Unadilla re-litigation 43:04 Prado's playoff whoops take & RJ Hampshire's runner-up 45:03 Coop-Harup battle, real Cooper Webb & MXoN prep 49:41 Hayden's start-money denial & Eli Tomac's last national 53:16 Zach Osborne's secret DNF & Cowie bails on Nations 55:15 Team USA Nations drama rant 58:07 Zacho's Brazil race, AP, D16, Barcia & Pipe Suzuki offer 1:02:20 450 class recap: Beaton, Harrison & Justin Hill's look 1:06:51 Gavin Gracek Award debate, Corndog & Canadian legends 1:13:03 Levi Kitchen's crash & the media-criticism debate 1:18:54 Beaumere & Hymus's Nations plans 1:21:10 Track-section rant (GNCC layout) 1:25:42 RyderD's podium, dad-credibility stories & Star's rough year 1:32:48 Landon Gordon, Romano & the points math on Davies' title 1:36:24 Mosman/Thrasher moves, McAdoo & Lux Turner's dog 1:42:14 Dax Bennett, Husqvarna's shutdown & Brody Connelly's mystery dip 1:47:22 Mechanic shuffle & Star's 250 manager guessing game 1:49:22 Brunt ad, Duff's villain arc & SMX preview plug 1:52:26 Clarifying Hunter's contract & final wrap-up 1:55:17 Sign-off

Michael Antonovich interviews the top riders from five motos Saturday at the Ironman Motocross in Indiana. Hunter Lawrence, Lachlan Turner and Cole Davies hoisted the No. 1 trophies in their respective divisions. Antonovich got the chance to speak to the top finishers, including Julien Beaumer, Jorge Prado and others. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hoarding is the accumulation of things and an inability to let go of them. But what if you hoard burdens like worry, regret, or guilt? On our final summer best-of Building Relationships with Dr. Gary Chapman, author and former journalist Laurie Davies believes you can let go of the stuff that has kept you stuck. You can clear out the emotional burdens hindering your freedom. Don’t miss the conversation on Building Relationships with Dr. Gary Chapman. Featured resource: Emotional HoardingDonate to Moody Radio: http://moodyradio.org/donateto/buildingrelationshipsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lyndon and Matt are joined by the Wonder From Down-Under, the King of Shovels himself Cody to discuss the gimmicks and gameplay pillars of the Zelda series.Support the show

Classical Christian education often talks about forming students to love what is true, good, and beautiful. But how does that formation actually happen? In this episode of BaseCamp Live, Davies Owens is joined by author, educator, and podcaster Heidi White to explore the formative power of stories. Heidi shares how literature shaped her own life and explains why great books do far more than communicate ideas or teach moral lessons. They awaken desire, give children models worthy of imitation, and help them wrestle with some of the deepest questions of what it means to be human. Drawing from her book The Divided Soul: Duty and Desire in Literature and Life, Heidi explores the tension between what we want and what we know we ought to do, and how that struggle appears again and again in great literature, Scripture, and our own lives. Davies and Heidi also get practical about reading with children. How much should parents explain? Should we protect children from darker moments in stories? And how can we ask questions that invite genuine thought rather than turning every book into another moral lesson? This conversation is an invitation to see education differently: not simply as the transfer of information, but as the formation of loves, desires, imagination, and ultimately, the human soul. Special Thanks to our partners who make BaseCamp Live possible: Wisdom and EloquenceThe Herzog FoundationLife ArchitectsWisephone by TechlessZipCast Stay tuned for more enlightening discussions on classical Christian education, and join us next time on BaseCamp Live! Remember to subscribe, leave us a review, and reach out to us at info@basecamplive.comDon't forget to visit basecamplive.com for more info and past episodes.

Briton Tony Davies has pretty much seen it all when it comes to television sport broadcasting. With over 20 years' experience in broadcast TV as a director, producer and writer, Davies has made a number of documentaries, including the RTS-nominated A Bat and Ball War, and worked on numerous sports events including the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup, Olympic Games, Paralympics, Asian Games, Wimbledon, Open Championship and Tour de France.His broadcast experience opened the door to event management roles, and Davies has worked as Broadcast Venue Manager on the past three Rugby World Cups. He was also the Broadcast Project Manager for the Special Olympics in 2019. During his early years, he worked on the legendary sports magazine show, Trans World Sport and his interviewed some of the biggest names in world sport, including Mike Tyson, Muhammad Ali, Maradona, Pele, a 13-year-old Tiger Woods, Jack Nicklaus, Wayne Gretzky, Kip Keino and even Whitney Houston and John Candy.In this episode we talk about how commentators are chosen, the economics of sports broadcasting, how modern technology is changing how we watch sports and what the future holds in the digital age for viewers.Davies lives in Nelson, New Zealand, where he lives with his wife and six (yes, it's not a typo !) children. He enjoys a number of sports including cycling, running, boxing, hunting, fishing and paddling. He is a frequent visitor to the UK, where he still has a base, and to Asia, where he does production work for the BBC.Also, for our Real Science of Sport Members, stick around after the show for some bonus content as we continued our chat with Tony and got even more fascinating insights, including his thoughts on social media influencers as broadcast 'partners', why he doesn't buy into the 'all access' documentaries so frequently made about sports events, and his choice of best documentary ever made. If you're not a member, a small monthly donation gets you that bonus content, ad-free listening, exclusive shows and membership of our Discourse community, of which Tony is a member too! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The 757th episode is all about performers. First, Disney's hit about a flying elephant who gets loaded and sees pink elephants is the focus. Dumbo's print on Disney Plus is beautiful. The voicework is also good, plus it's charming, sweet, and (controversial black crows aside) the mother-loves-child story is eternal. Next up was the silent comedy, Show People. Director King Vidor and star Marion Davies were a good team on more than 1 project back then, yet neither has previously been discussed on Have You Ever Seen. Just as in reality, Davies is good at being light and fun in this engrossing comedy, although her character masquerades as a serious actress. There are cameos by many big stars, including Chaplin and 4 actors on my AFI Old-Timey Actors list. So touch trunks with your mom at the circus and also fall for both of your co-stars as I talk about the thrill of performing in this talk about Dumbo and Show People. If you have thoughts you want to share about Jumbo Jr. and/or the People of Show, email me: haveyoueverseenpodcast@gmail.com. Tweets can go to "@moviefiend51", Blueskys to "ryan-ellis" and I also post on Letterboxd (RyanHYES). Subscribe to the channel and also rate and review me.

Roberto De Zerbi previews Spurs' opening match of the Premier League season against Brentford. -TIMESTAMPS- 0:00 intro 0:10 Feels like I've been here ten years. Very intense 3 months. Can't forget what happened last season. 1:34 Want to find the soul of this team and we need to improve our style of football. Style is the key. 2:06 Won't talk about players, we've not finished in the transfer market. You win a game with names. We have to deserve to win. 3:19 The new captain is Van de ven then Porro, then Davies then Maddison then Gray. 4:23 We are working well with Vinai, Nick and Lange. 5:52 Micky and Porro won't play tomorrow. 6:42 We started working last season 7:55 Premier League is a different league. You have to adapt to the league. Teams don't compete at the top without money. 9:32 I think an important part of this season are the medical staff, a lot of them are new. Very good at their jobs. Kudus is almost ready. 11:28 Not just one game a week we have the cups competing on three fronts. 12:17 Van de Ven working with the group, suffered a problem in Australia, not a big problem. 13:15 Really disappointed with Djed, I love him but I have to respect that if he wants to play I can't give him the guarantee. Romero the same. Have to find the soul of the club. 16:22 Kulusevski working with the group. He suffered too much. Tough for him. @HaytersTV – Football Up Close. Visit our website: https://hayters.com/ We go behind the scenes with the biggest names in football to bring you interviews, training, news, live coverage, fans' voices and funniest moments. If you love football, you'll love Hayters TV. Subscribe now! Follow HaytersTV on social media - https://linktr.ee/HaytersTV #tottenham #thfc #dezerbi Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Have you ever noticed a song that seems to follow you through your record collection, appearing in different forms across decades and genres? This episode explores the fascinating journey of "It Ain't Easy", a song that found a home in the repertoire of David Bowie, Three Dog Night, Long John Baldry, Mitch Ryder, Shelby Lynne and more. We trace the song back to its source: Ron Davies, a prolific but often-overlooked songwriter who came out of the Pacific Northwest garage rock scene. Despite never reaching the top of the Billboard charts himself, Davies created a song with musical bones so strong that it transitioned seamlessly from the glam-rock harpsichord of Bowie's sessions to the stripped-back folk of Chris Smither. We take a look at the specific production touches of the most significant versions, including the "all-star" original recording featuring Leon Russell and Jim Keltner. We discuss the tragic "lost" sessions of Bettye LaVette at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, the Rolling Stones-style swagger of Claudia Lennear's version (featuring Ry Cooder), and even modern interpretations by The Raconteurs and Alexis P. Suter. Whether filtered through blues, country, glam, or soul, "It Ain't Easy" remains a masterclass in songwriting consistency. Join us as we explore the lifespan of a track that proved a great song doesn't need to be a commercial smash to become a timeless classic. "It Ain't Easy" Ron Davies Copyright 1970 Irving Music Inc. (BMI) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's the Leatt LVK: More Than Moto show where Start Your Systems' Kellen Brauer and Vital MX's Lewis Phillips debate current SX/MX/MXGP topics as well as general life itself. In this episode, we break down the championship fight in the 450 class after Hunter Lawrence's DNF, discuss what will happen with Team USA, and more. It's all brought to you by Leatt, Alpinestars, ICON Meats, and Partzilla. --- CHAPTERS --- 00:07 Show intro bumper 01:14 Commercial 01:36 Hunter Lawrence's title fight flips upside down (Leatt ad) 07:15 Commercial 07:39 Can Jett's mistakes return? Prado/Deegan wildcard 09:53 Commercial 10:16 Prado's chances to split the Lawrences 12:18 Hunter's reaction & SMX standings tangent 15:24 Partzilla ad + PRMX team update 17:40 Team USA lineup speculation 23:03 France & Latvia Nations rosters 28:14 Commercial 28:41 Nations trivia: name a dominant Nations 35:05 Alpinestars TecAir MX ad + airbag banter 39:06 Commercial 39:31 Prado's KTM extension & Lux Turner to Husqvarna 43:10 Nate Thrasher to Pro Circuit & silly season rumors 47:26 Commercial 47:51 Barsha's future & Ducati's title fight math 50:19 Commercial 50:42 MXGP silly season wrap & Malcolm/Levi Kawasaki plan 54:40 Icon Meats ad + Icon of the Week picks 58:31 250 class title fight: Davies vs Kitchen 1:03:04 Box of Questions: dark sides & rule-breaking 1:06:18 LVK's identity in moto media debate 1:12:18 Commercial 1:12:44 Sign-off & Bud's Creek preview

Wrapping up action from the race weekend, covering all the scoops, with the normal cast of characters. --- CHAPTERS --- 00:00 Show open 01:18 Unadilla review kickoff 05:56 Boot tradition, track talk & Hunter's crash 10:44 Hunter's stunning streak ends 12:12 Risk debate & runner-up history 19:31 Was Prado's ride track-induced? 22:19 Jett's ankle & Prado's setup secrecy 25:36 Prado's rise, Sexton tangent & Euro-track theory 28:43 Renthal/Maxxis ad read & Deegan's day 33:57 Marchbanks, Beaton & Finnis's rides 39:11 Cooper fades, Tomac & Webb's returns 46:03 Zach Osborne's letdown & AP's bike woes 54:58 Ad reads: Racetech, Fly, Motosport, OnX 56:55 250 title fight: Davies vs Kitchen's mistake 1:06:01 Mumford's breakout, Ryder D & McAdoo mystery 1:13:34 250 privateer rundown, Cochran's crash & Phoenix Honda's day 1:21:18 Feeling old, Brunt ad & Larry Fortin shoutout 1:27:22 Show close

Have you ever noticed a song that seems to follow you through your record collection, appearing in different forms across decades and genres? This episode explores the fascinating journey of "It Ain't Easy", a song that found a home in the repertoire of David Bowie, Three Dog Night, Long John Baldry, Mitch Ryder, Shelby Lynne and more. We trace the song back to its source: Ron Davies, a prolific but often-overlooked songwriter who came out of the Pacific Northwest garage rock scene. Despite never reaching the top of the Billboard charts himself, Davies created a song with musical bones so strong that it transitioned seamlessly from the glam-rock harpsichord of Bowie's sessions to the stripped-back folk of Chris Smither. We take a look at the specific production touches of the most significant versions, including the "all-star" original recording featuring Leon Russell and Jim Keltner. We discuss the tragic "lost" sessions of Bettye LaVette at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, the Rolling Stones-style swagger of Claudia Lennear's version (featuring Ry Cooder), and even modern interpretations by The Raconteurs and Alexis P. Suter. Whether filtered through blues, country, glam, or soul, "It Ain't Easy" remains a masterclass in songwriting consistency. Join us as we explore the lifespan of a track that proved a great song doesn't need to be a commercial smash to become a timeless classic. "It Ain't Easy" Ron Davies Copyright 1970 Irving Music Inc. (BMI) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nouveau numéro du jeu du DS au Winamax FC avec au programme aujourd'hui un des favoris de la Ligue des champions : le Bayern Munich. Que faut-il pour que les Bavarois fassent le doublé Bundesliga-LDC ? Les arrivées de Saibari et Brown suffisent-elles ? Qu'apportent ces joueurs ? Pensez vous que garder Olise cette saison est un gros coup ? On fait ensuite le point sur l'effectif du coach Vincent Kompany. Qui garder ? Qui vendre et à quel prix ? Enfin les chroniqueurs du WFC proposent deux recrues pour permettre que le Bayern réalise ses objectifs.Ce podcast est hébergé par Podcastics, la plateforme pour créer et diffuser votre podcast facilement.

Spurs Chat: Discussing all Things Tottenham Hotspur: Hosted by Chris Cowlin: The Daily Tottenham/Spurs Podcast Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It's the Leatt LVK: More Than Moto show where Start Your Systems' Kellen Brauer and Vital MX's Lewis Phillips debate current SX/MX/MXGP topics as well as general life itself. In this episode, we dive very deep into the state of our sport and what could be on the horizon as we move forward. It's all brought to you by Leatt, Alpinestars, ICON Meats, and Partzilla. --- CHAPTERS --- 00:23 Show open & WSX Round 1 / Unadilla preview 02:11 Davies vs Kitchen 250 title fight & heat topic 04:23 Davies heat rumors, Lewis's 2021 MXGP nostalgia & premier-class value debate 11:35 Motocross's "one premier class" structural problem 15:11 Fragmented global championships & MX2 age-out rule debate 19:04 250 vs 450 airtime balance & sport's marketability insecurity 21:34 WSX rider content, accessibility & the riding-in-the-week theory 27:53 SMX glass ceiling & social media channel merger idea 30:57 Feld / MX Sports partnership & asset protection dynamics 33:36 SMX's destiny, stadium venues & international track options 39:55 Atlanta / Mercedes-Benz Stadium venue debate 41:50 Atlanta SMX rename debate & international expansion steps 45:25 Columbus/Carson as stopgaps & calendar saturation argument 52:24 SMX going global: timeline speculation 54:57 NBC TV deal & playoffs marketing rationale 58:37 St. Louis stopgap wrap-up 1:00:08 Justin Hill & Robert Lambert quick hits 1:01:10 WSX Star/Stark elevation horsepower controversy 1:05:28 WSX Round 1 surprises: Dean Wilson & Christian Craig 1:06:43 WSX red/number one plate quirks & rumored changes 1:08:41 WSX international market analogy & optimism debate 1:11:34 WSX Race 3 non-count rule & half-points debate 1:13:11 Partzilla PRMX team recap & ad read 1:14:23 Brian Sue vs Zaragoza career disappointment debate 1:16:48 Icon of the Week: WSX weather, tuff blocks & Icon Meats ad 1:18:20 Loretta Lynn's recap: Landon Gibson's Horizon Award oddity 1:19:49 Malinowski vs Gibson prospects & Triumph 250 rumors 1:22:26 Unadilla predictions: Osborne, Beaton, Malcolm & Eli's 14-14 1:24:01 Zach Osborne fitness debate & Unadilla history trivia 1:25:25 Alpinestars ad read 1:29:59 Sign-off

In this episode, I sit down with Jonny Davies as he prepares for his biggest challenge yet: the Moab 240.We talk about what it takes to prepare for a 240-mile ultra, dealing with the fear and uncertainty of stepping into the unknown, and why Jonny continues to seek out challenges that push him to his limits.We also get into his previous endurance challenges, the lessons he's learned along the way, training, recovery, mindset, and what keeps driving him towards the next big challenge.1-1 Coaching information and consultation booking: https://www.omnia-performance.com/omnia-athlete-coaching/

Send us Fan MailGabrielle's Eclipse Reading SpecialConnect with Felicity HereTaylor Swift has become one of the most influential artists of our generation—but what can her astrology chart and Gene Keys reveal about the inner journey behind the public success?In this episode, we explore Taylor Swift's birth chart through the lenses of astrology and the Gene Keys, looking beyond personality traits to understand the deeper themes of purpose, shadow work, creativity, and personal evolution.Rather than predicting events or making assumptions about her private life, we use her chart as a case study to explore universal patterns that many of us experience on our own healing journey.In this episode, we discuss:• The core themes reflected in Taylor Swift's astrology chart• How the Gene Keys add another layer of self-awareness and transformation• The relationship between our gifts and our shadow patterns• Why our greatest strengths can also become our greatest challenges• The role of reinvention, creativity, and personal evolution• How shadow work supports authentic expression and long-term growth• What Taylor Swift's chart can teach all of us about embracing our own unique pathWhether you're a longtime Swiftie, an astrology enthusiast, or simply curious about how astrology and Gene Keys can deepen self-awareness, this conversation offers practical insights that extend far beyond one celebrity's chart.Please rate and review the podcast on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you listen!Enroll in ARCANA today: https://aguaastrology.teachable.com/p/arcanaSee our faces on YouTube!Want to book a reading with Gabrielle? Please visit her website www.aguaastrology.comFollow us on Instagram @thespirtualsisterspodcast Follow Gabrielle on Instagram @aguaastrology (She will NEVER DM you for readings! Watch out for scammers!)Follow Brianna on Instagram @Brianna_mcferonSubscribe to Gabrielle's YouTube Channel Agua AstrologyJoin Soul Reading MethodMini Tarot Readings with Gabrielle: https://www.etsy.com/shop/IntuitiveGabrielle

Thank you to Meg for joining me today talking abour her origins and her Astrocartograpthy Journey:)  You can find her here: https://theexpatastrologer.com https://www.instagram.com/theexpatastrologer http://www.youtube.com/@theexpatastrologer https://tidycal.com/theexpatastrologer  

In this episode of The Daily T, Tim Stanley and Poppy `coburn discuss the saga surrounding Cambridge's youngest black professor, Jason Arday, in the wake of his resignation following allegations of extensive plagiarism.Tim and Poppy also speak with Baroness Sharron Davies, the former Olympic swimmer and member of the House of Lords, following the enforcement of updated EHRC guidance on single-sex spaces. Davies expresses only “tempered joy” at the move, arguing that clear legal guidance comes far too late after years of institutional cowardice and corporate foot-dragging. Blasting the ongoing burden placed on female campaigners, Davies calls out ministers for forcing women to self-exclude or launch expensive crowdfunded legal challenges just to secure basic dignity, safeguarding, and biological reality in public life.We want to hear from you! Email us at thedailyt@telegraph.co.uk or find @dailytpodcast on TikTok, Instagram and X► Sign up to our most popular newsletter, From the Editor. Look forward to receiving free-thinking comment and the day's biggest stories, every morning. telegraph.co.uk/fromtheeditorThe Telegraph is the Publisher Podcast Awards' Podcast Publisher of the Year 2026Studio Operator: Meghan SearleProducers: Emma Williams and David LeveneVideo Producer: Will WaltersSocial Producer: Nada AggourExecutive Producer: Charlotte SeligmanEditor: Camilla TomineyHighlights:Sharron Davies slams the delay in the guidance for providing single-sex public spacesTim and Poppy discuss the ongoing plagiarism saga surrounding Cambridge's youngest black professor, Dr Jason Arday Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Pop, Smitty and Davies is hyped for Sega bringing back Crazy Taxi! The gang talks about it and more.

Merneptah vs the Libyans. In 1221 BCE, Egypt faced a crisis. Tribal coalitions from the west, and some "Peoples of the Sea" were marching on the Nile Valley. They came in their thousands, armed and ready to settle. Caught by surprise, King Merneptah and his warriors hastened to the defence... Support the show and get early releases, ad-free episodes, bonus video content, and pictures/videos of animals I meet in Egypt and travelling www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast Music by Bettina Joy de Guzman; Luke Chaos; and Keith Zizza. Bibliography Cline, E. H. (2021). 1177 B.C. The Year Civilization Collapsed (Revised edn). Princeton University Press. D'Amato, R., & Salimbeti, Andrea. (2015). Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean c.1400 BC–1000 BC. Osprey. Darnell, J. C., & Manassa, C. M. (2007). Tutankhamun's armies: Battle and conquest during ancient Egypt's late eighteenth dynasty. John Wiley & Sons. Davies, B. G. (1997). Egyptian Historical Inscriptions of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Paul Aströms förlag. Dean, R. (2017). Warfare & Weaponry in Dynastic Egypt. Pen & Sword. Finné, M., Woodbridge, J., Labuhn, I., & Roberts, N. (2019). Holocene hydro-climatic variability in the Mediterranean: A synthetic multi-proxy reconstruction. The Holocene, 29, 847--863. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0959683619826634 Heagren, B. (2010). The Art of War in Pharaonic Egypt [Unpublished PhD. Thesis, The University of Auckland]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49463150_The_art_of_war_in_pharaonic_Egypt_an_analysis_of_the_tactical_logistic_and_operational_capabilities_of_the_Egyptian_army Healy, M. (1992). New Kingdom Egypt. Osprey Publishing. Kaniewski, D., Campo, E. V., Guiot, J., Burel, S. L., Otto, T., & Baeteman, C. (2013). Environmental Roots of the Late Bronze Age Crisis. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e71004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071004 Kaniewski, D., Marriner, N., Bretschneider, J., Jans, G., Morhange, C., Cheddadi, R., Otto, T., Luce, F., & Van Campo, E. (2019). 300-year drought frames Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age transition in the Near East: New palaeoecological data from Cyprus and Syria. Regional Environmental Change, 19, 2287--2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-01460-w Kitchen, K. A. (1975). Ramesside Inscriptions Historical and Biographical (Vols. 1–8). Blackwell. https://archive.org/details/KennethA.KitchenRamessideInscriptionsVol1 Kitchen, K. A. (1993a). Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Notes and Comments (Vols. 1–2). Blackwell. Kitchen, K. A. (1993b). Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations (Vols. 1–7). Blackwell. Kopanias, K. (2017). Mercenaries or refugees? The evidence from the inscriptions of Merenptah on the “Sea Peoples.” Journal of Greek Archaeology, 2, 119--133. https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/AUTHORS/SeaPeoples/SeaPeoples-Kopanias2017.pdf Manassa, C. (2003). The Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah: Grand Strategy in the 13th Century BC. The Yale Egyptological Seminar. Pollastrini, A. M. (2024). Helmets and Body Armour in New Kingdom Egypt. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350323520 Sabbahy, L. (2013). Depictional Study of Chariot Use in New Kingdom Egypt. In A. Veldmeijer & S. Ikram (Eds.), Chasing Chariots: Proceedings of the First International Chariot Conference (Cairo 2012) (pp. 191--202). Sidestone Press. Shaw, G. J. (2017). War and Trade with the Pharaohs: An Archaeological Study of Ancient Egypt's Foreign Relations. Pen & Sword. Shaw, I. (2019). Ancient Egyptian Warfare. Casemate. Snape, S. (2003a). The Emergence of Libya on the Horizon of Egypt. In D. O'Connor & S. Quirke (Eds.), Mysterious Lands (pp. 93--106). UCL Press. Snape, S. (2003b). Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham and Egyptian Foreign Trade in the Thirteenth Century BC. Sea Routes: Interconnections in the Mediterranean 16th-6th c. BC. https://www.academia.edu/107251529/Snape_ZUR_and_Egyptian_Foreign_Trade_Zawiyet_Umm_el_Rakham_and_Egyptian_foreign_trade_in_the_thirteenth_century_BC_ Snape, S. (2023). What was Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham for? Early Ramesside Strategy in the Libyan West. In F. Hoffmann & M. R. Abbas (Eds.), Perspectives on the Ramesside Military System (pp. 143--155). Zaphon. Spalinger, A. J. (2004). Review: Manassa, Colleen 2003. The Great Karnak inscription of Merneptah: Grand strategy in the 13th century BC. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 90(reviews supplement), 45--47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822286 Zutterman, C. (2003). The bow in the Ancient Near East, a re-evaluation of archery from the late 2nd millennium to the end of the Achaemenid empire. IrAnt, 38, 119--165. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Trump administration's top IT official, Federal CIO Greg Barbaccia, is headed back to Palantir after he leaves government later this month, a White House official confirmed Friday. The news was first shared offhand by General Services Administration leader Edward Forst during a Thursday graduation ceremony for the U.S. Digital Corps. FedScoop verified the move with a White House official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to be more candid. Barbaccia previously announced his departure in an email to the CIO Council earlier this month. In that email, obtained by FedScoop, Barbaccia said it was a “difficult decision to leave government” and that he planned to depart at the end of August. It did not, however, share where he planned to go. Prior to joining the Trump administration, Barbaccia spent roughly a decade at Palantir in roles such as head of intelligence and investigations. Department of Defense CIO Kirsten Davies recently approved a far-reaching directive laying out policy, responsibilities and procedures for information technology category management and digital modernization investments. The new guidance follows in the footsteps of other Trump administration tech-buying initiatives meant to streamline enterprise IT procurement and leverage economies of scale across the government's massive footprint, like the General Services Administration's OneGov initiative for federal civilian agencies. DoW Instruction 8000.02, which was approved by Davies on July 23 and became effective July 29, applies to all components of the department. It covers “all IT assets, including IT services, hardware, software, licenses, and associated components, in all IT categories (including national security systems (NSS) within DoW authorities and defense business systems) relevant to DoW mission and operations,” the directive states. The Daily Scoop Podcast is available every Monday-Friday afternoon. If you want to hear more of the latest from Washington, subscribe to The Daily Scoop Podcast  on Apple Podcasts, Soundcloud, Spotify and YouTube.

Safety is not a bad thing, but when safety becomes unbalanced it can keep us from stepping into everything God has called us to do. In this message we discover that faith requires trusting God beyond our need for security, certainty, and the approval of others. God is not calling us to live safe lives, but faithful lives — lives that require His power, His direction, and the courage to follow wherever He leads.

In this episode, I sit down with Brady Davies, who went from teaching zero instruments himself to building nine music schools and eventually merging his company with Ensemble Performing Arts. We talk about the moment his wife brought 80 piano students into their living room, the pricing mistake that cost him money for years without him realizing it, and the churn numbers he now watches like a hawk to keep his schools healthy. This one is for any school owner who feels maxed out, unsure if it's time to expand, raise prices, or bring in more help. Brady doesn't sugarcoat the hard parts. He talks openly about the fear of signing his first lease, the friction he and his wife worked through as business partners, and the belief he had to unlearn about what a music school could actually be worth. A few of the big ideas we cover: Why being at full capacity is a sign you're underpriced, not a problem to solve with more square footage The smarter way to test a new location before sinking money into a full buildout How tracking churn, school-wide and teacher-by-teacher, reveals exactly where you're losing students Why the strongest loyalty a family can have isn't to a teacher, it's to your school's culture In this episode, you'll learn: How to test a price increase without scaring off your current families A simple way to open a second or third location without betting the farm on it What churn rate actually signals about your teachers, and how to fix it before it costs you students Why credentials don't always predict which teachers keep kids enrolled How to build the kind of loyalty that makes it hard for a teacher to poach your families What it really takes to step back from the day-to-day and let your school run without you davesimonsmusic.com

10th Anniversary Special: Interview with Linda Garber The Lesbian Historic Motif Podcast - Episode 348 with Heather Rose Jones An interview with Professor Linda Garber about her research into lesbian historical fiction. Books and Media Mentioned Garber, Linda. 2022. Novel Approaches to Lesbian History. Palgrave. ISBN 978-3030854164 Cruikshank, M. (ed) 1982. Lesbian Studies: Present and Future. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-0935312072 Garber, Linda. 2001. Identity Poetics: Race, Class and the Lesbian-Feminist Roots of Queer Theory. Columbia University Press. Schwartz, Selby Wynn. After Sappho. (novel) Keen, Suzanne. 2003 Romances of the Archive in Contemporary British Fiction. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0802086846 (credit for the phrase “romance of the archives” which I've been misattributing) Martinac, Paula. Out of Time. (novel) Davies, Stevie. Impassioned Clay. (novel) Friend, Catherine. The Spanish Pearl. (novel) Dickinson (tv series) Gentleman Jack (tv series) Arnold, June Davis. The Cook and the Carpenter. (novel) Faderman, Lillian. 1981. Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present. William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-688-00396-6 Hall, Radclyffe. The Well of Loneliness. (novel) Portrait of a Lady on Fire (movie) The Favourite (movie) Ammonite (movie) Saturday Night Live “Lesbian Period Drama” (sketch on YouTube) Desert of the Heart (movie) based on Jane Rule's Desert Hearts A Knight's Tale (movie) Giffney, Noreen, Michelle M. Sauer & Diane Watt (eds). 2011. The Lesbian Premodern. Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-61676-9 The Belle of Amherst (movie) Gomez, Jewelle. The Gilda Stories. (novel) Giddings, Megan. The Women Could Fly (novel) Korn, Gabrielle. Yours for the Taking (novel) Pérez, Emma. Forgetting the Alamo, or, Blood Memory (novel McCollum, Hilary. As a Lover (novel) McCollum, Hilary. Golddigger (novel) Gagehabib, LaVerne. The Blacksmith and the Doctor (novel) Winterson, Jeanette. The Passion (novel) A transcript of this podcast is available here. (Interview transcripts added when available.) Links to the Lesbian Historic Motif Project Online Website: http://alpennia.com/lhmp Blog: http://alpennia.com/blog RSS: http://alpennia.com/blog/feed/ Twitter: @LesbianMotif Discord: Contact Heather for an invitation to the Alpennia/LHMP Discord server The Lesbian Historic Motif Project Patreon Links to Heather Online Website: http://alpennia.com Email: Heather Rose Jones Mastodon: @heatherrosejones@Wandering.Shop Bluesky: @heatherrosejones Facebook: Heather Rose Jones (author page) Links to Linda Garber Online Website: academic website

Send us Fan MailBefore you blame the market, look at how your homes show up online. Chad Davies - founder of Davies Imaging Group (DIG), serving builders doing 500+ units a year across 28 markets - joins Anya Chrisanthon fresh off the Jeff Shore Sales and Marketing Leadership Summit, where his team captured the entire event from behind the camera.The view from the Summit Every conversation - on stage and at the bar - came back to the same theme: stop negotiating. Selling homes is no longer a price battle. Builders have cut as much as they can, and the differentiator now is how you capture buyer attention.The DIG story Chad photographed his first $2 million home at 17. Sixteen years later, DIG is a specialized team - photographers who only photograph, dedicated editors in Guadalajara ripping through post-production, virtual staging artists, and a separate video production discipline. Why? Because one person can't carry the whole weight, and the friction in builder photography lives at the front and back end: scheduling, communication, and turnaround time.What 28 markets reveal Some regions are ripping, others are slow - and the trends are shifting. California, which invented the twilight photography craze, now wants daytime shots. Lifestyle and amenity video is surging while standalone model video fades. And in competitive markets like Texas, builders are suddenly finding photography budget - because when you can't compete on price, location, or product, presentation is the only lever left.The spec home rant If your home exists, it needs real professional photos - not a rendering, not construction team phone pics. And if it's not selling within a month, stage the pictures. Chad's team is seeing homes that sat for a year sell in weeks after virtual staging. Buyers aren't buying a shell - they're buying a new lifestyle, and you can't show them that with an empty room. Your job as a marketer is to remove the imagination, not demand it.The virtual staging surprise The biggest fans of virtual staging aren't marketing teams - they're sales teams. When a stale listing gets staged, it renews the sales team's excitement to sell it. If you want to empower your salespeople, stage the sitting inventory.Where AI fits AI-generated video is a variation of a photo, not a replacement for video production. Use it to fill social channels and supplement your media strategy - but it's an "and," not an "or."The biggest untapped opportunity in builder content Mic up your construction team. The first big builder that embraces behind-the-scenes content from their superintendents - showing culture and quality instead of talking about it - is going to have a great year. As Chad puts it: you're not telling people your culture, you're showing them.Connect with Chad on LinkedIn or on Instagram (Chad Davies), and learn more at daviesimaging.com.About Anewgo Anewgo is an all-in-one new home sales and marketing platform. We equip builders with AI-ready homebuilder websites, interactive design tools, floorplans, sitemaps, AI Sales Assistants, and data analytics to create personalized buyer journeys. Learn more at anewgo.com or find every episode at anewgo.com/podcast.Listen on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/anewgo-of-new-home-sales/id1602564768

Discover how the miraculous connection between your mind and brain can transform your mental, emotional, and spiritual life. In this powerful follow-up conversation, Julie Davies returns to unpack the practical side of renewing your mind — and how scripture and neuroscience work hand in hand to bring real, lasting healing. If you've ever wondered how simply changing your thoughts could actually change your brain, this episode will show you it's not just possible — it's biblical, and now science is catching up. You'll discover: How neuroplasticity allows your brain to form new pathways when you consistently practice healthy, truth-filled thinking Why the "fork in the road" between dwelling on what's good versus what's negative literally shapes the neural trenches your mind travels down The difference between coping in a season of true mental illness versus practicing daily mind-renewal once healing has begun A treasury of practical "mind exercises" — from taking thoughts captive and scripture affirmations to gratitude, savoring, deep breathing, and training your eyes to look for good A glimpse into Julie's own daily rhythms of prayer, worship, journaling, and rest that keep her mind anchored in peace For anyone who feels like "renew your mind" is a vague, overwhelming idea, this episode breaks it down into simple, doable exercises you can start today. You'll walk away with concrete tools to quiet anxious thoughts, replace shame with truth, and build a mind that reflects the peace, hope, and freedom God designed for you. Perfect for women who want practical, faith-filled strategies for their mental health journey, and anyone ready to move from surviving to truly renewing their mind day by day. Guest: Julie Davies is a licensed counselor and Wonderfully Made team member with years of experience integrating neuroscience and faith to help women find freedom from anxiety and depression. This episode is part two of a two-part conversation — be sure to listen to Part 1 first for the foundation on brain health and mental health. Get ready to walk away equipped with simple, powerful tools to renew your mind, heal your brain, and step into the flourishing life God has for you.     Show Notes Connect with Us Free guide: "5 Keys to Walking In Your Worth." wonderfullymade.org Allie's Books Social Media Reset: A 30-Day Guided Journey to Unplug, Reconnect with God, and Reclaim Your JoyWonderfully Made: Discover the Identity, Love, and Worth You Were Created For Social Media @wonderfullymade_org @alliemariesmithTikTok Resources Life Coaching for Teen GirlsSocial Media Reset CourseWonderfully Made Young Women's Course  

Can the universe have purpose without a purposive mind? Dr. William Lane Craig responds to physicist Paul Davies and philosopher Emily Qureshi-Hurst as they wrestle with whether purpose is something real or merely something we invent. Along the way he discusses intentionality ("aboutness"), the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics, and why subjective meaning ultimately fails to account for objective purpose. Craig argues that wherever genuine purpose exists, it points beyond the universe to a personal mind.

Hunter Lawrence (00:21)Haiden Deegan (03:34)Cole Davies (05:36)Ryder DiFrancesco (06:47)Dylan Ferrandis (09:58)RJ Hampshire (13:40)Justin Barcia (17:23)Jordon Smith (19:59)Benny Bloss (22:02)Carson Mumford (24:48)Julien Beaumer (29:02)Mitchell Oldenburg (31:30)Dilan Schwartz (33:24)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsCore Sleep Paralysis ScienceSharpless, Brian A., and Jacques P. Barber. “Lifetime Prevalence Rates of Sleep Paralysis: A Systematic Review.” Sleep Medicine Reviews 15, no. 5 (2011): 311–315.Sharpless, Brian A. “A Clinician's Guide to Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis.” Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 12 (2016): 1761–1767.Cheyne, J. Allan, Steve D. Rueffer, and Ian R. Newby-Clark. “Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare.” Consciousness and Cognition 8, no. 3 (1999): 319–337.Cheyne, J. Allan. “Sleep Paralysis and the Structure of Waking-Nightmare Hallucinations.” Dreaming 13, no. 3 (2003): 163–179.Cheyne, J. Allan. “Situational Factors Affecting Sleep Paralysis and Associated Hallucinations: Position and Timing Effects.” Journal of Sleep Research 11, no. 2 (2002): 169–177.Solomonova, Elizaveta. “Sleep Paralysis: Phenomenology, Neurophysiology and Treatment.” In The Oxford Handbook of Spontaneous Thought: Mind-Wandering, Creativity, and Dreaming, edited by Kieran C. R. Fox and Kalina Christoff. Oxford University Press, 2018.Baland Jalal / Panic-Hallucination / TreatmentJalal, Baland. “How to Make the Ghosts in My Bedroom Disappear? Focused-Attention Meditation Combined with Muscle Relaxation (MR Therapy): A Direct Treatment Intervention for Sleep Paralysis.” Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016): 28. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00028.Jalal, Baland, and V. S. Ramachandran. “Sleep Paralysis and ‘The Bedroom Intruder': The Role of the Right Superior Parietal, Phantom Pain and Body Image Projection.” Medical Hypotheses 83, no. 6 (2014): 755–757.Jalal, Baland. “The Neuropharmacology of Sleep Paralysis Hallucinations: Serotonin 2A Activation and a Novel Therapeutic Drug.” Psychopharmacology 235, no. 11 (2018): 3083–3091.Jalal, Baland, Lucia Moruzzi, Andrea Zangrandi, Matteo Filardi, Claudio Franceschini, Fabio Pizza, et al. “Meditation-Relaxation (MR Therapy) for Sleep Paralysis: A Pilot Study in Patients with Narcolepsy.” Frontiers in Neurology 11 (2020): 922. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00922.Folklore, Myth, and the Old HagHufford, David J. The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-Centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.Hufford, David J. “Sleep Paralysis as Spiritual Experience.” Transcultural Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (2005): 11–45.Adler, Shelley R. Sleep Paralysis: Night-mares, Nocebos, and the Mind-Body Connection. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2011.Davies, Owen. “The Nightmare Experience, Sleep Paralysis, and Witchcraft Accusations.” Folklore 114, no. 2 (2003): 181–203.Bond, John. An Essay on the Incubus, or Nightmare. London: Printed for D. Wilson and T. Durham, 1753.Golzari, Samad E. J., et al. “Sleep Paralysis in Medieval Persia — The Hidayat of Akhawayni (?–983 AD).” Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 8 (2012): 229–234.Cross-Cultural Sleep ParalysisHinton, Devon E., Vuth Pich, Dara Chhean, and Mark H. Pollack. “‘The Ghost Pushes You Down': Sleep Paralysis-Type Panic Attacks in a Khmer Refugee Population.” Transcultural Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (2005): 46–77.Hinton, Devon E., Vuth Pich, Dara Chhean, Mark H. Pollack, and Richard J. McNally. “Sleep Paralysis among Cambodian Refugees: Association with PTSD Diagnosis and Severity.” Depression and Anxiety 22, no. 2 (2005): 47–51.Jalal, Baland, and Devon E. Hinton. “Rates and Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis in the General Population of Denmark and Egypt.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (2013): 534–548.Jalal, Baland, Joseph Simons-Rudolph, Bamo Jalal, and Devon E. Hinton. “Explanations of Sleep Paralysis among Egyptian College Students and the General Population in Egypt and Denmark.” Transcultural Psychiatry 51, no. 2 (2014): 158–175.Jalal, Baland, Andrea Romanelli, and Devon E. Hinton. “Cultural Explanations of Sleep Paralysis in Italy: The Pandafeche Attack and Associated Supernatural Beliefs.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 39, no. 4 (2015): 651–664.Olunu, Esther, Ruth Kimo, Esther Olufunmbi Onigbinde, Mary-Amadeus Uduak Akpanobong, and Inyene Ezekiel Enang. “Sleep Paralysis, a Medical Condition with a Diverse Cultural Interpretation.” International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 8, no. 3 (2018): 137–142.Sensed Presence / Body Map / Shadow Person NeuroscienceArzy, Shahar, Margitta Seeck, Stephanie Ortigue, Laurent Spinelli, and Olaf Blanke. “Induction of an Illusory Shadow Person.” Nature 443 (2006): 287.Blanke, Olaf, Stephanie Ortigue, Theodor Landis, and Margitta Seeck. “Stimulating Illusory Own-Body Perceptions.” Nature 419 (2002): 269–270.Blanke, Olaf, Theodor Landis, Laurent Spinelli, and Margitta Seeck. “Out-of-Body Experience and Autoscopy of Neurological Origin.” Brain 127, no. 2 (2004): 243–258.Ionta, Silvio, Lukas Heydrich, Bigna Lenggenhager, Michael Mouthon, Eleonora Fornari, Dominique Chapuis, Roger Gassert, and Olaf Blanke. “Multisensory Mechanisms in Temporo-Parietal Cortex Support Self-Location and First-Person Perspective.” Neuron 70, no. 2 (2011): 363–374.Blanke, Olaf, Polona Pozeg, Masayuki Hara, Lukas Heydrich, Andrea Serino, Akio Yamamoto, Toshiro Higuchi, et al. “Neurological and Robot-Controlled Induction of an Apparition.” Current Biology 24, no. 22 (2014): 2681–2686.Alien Abduction / Modern Mythic MaskMcNally, Richard J., and Susan A. Clancy. “Sleep Paralysis, Sexual Abuse, and Space Alien Abduction.” Transcultural Psychiatry 42, no. 1 (2005): 113–122.Clancy, Susan A. Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.Blackmore, Susan. “Abduction by Aliens or Sleep Paralysis?” Skeptical Inquirer 22, no. 3 (1998): 23–28.Clinical Sleep / Narcolepsy / REM BackgroundAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 3rd ed., text revision. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2023.Scammell, Thomas E. “Narcolepsy.” New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 27 (2015): 2654–2662.Saper, Clifford B., Patrick M. Fuller, Nigel P. Pedersen, Jun Lu, and Thomas E. Scammell. “Sleep State Switching.” Neuron 68, no. 6 (2010): 1023–1042.Brooks, Patricia L., and John H. Peever. “Identification of the Transmitter and Receptor Mechanisms Responsible for REM Sleep Paralysis.” Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 29 (2012): 9785–9795.Avidan, Alon Y., and Phyllis C. Zee, eds. Handbook of Sleep Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.Visual / Art HistoryFuseli, Henry. The Nightmare. 1781. Oil on canvas. Detroit Institute of Arts.Myrone, Martin. Gothic Nightmares: Fuseli, Blake and the Romantic Imagination. London: Tate Publishing, 2006.Powell, Nicolas. Fuseli: The Nightmare. London: Allen Lane, 1973.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Unlock the truth behind mental health struggles and discover how your brain's health directly influences your well-being — and how God can dramatically heal and restore it. If anxiety, depression, or trauma feel like insurmountable barriers, this episode offers hope grounded in neuroscience and biblical truth. Learn how understanding brain injuries, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle factors can change everything you thought you knew about mental health. You'll discover: The surprising role head injuries and trauma play in mental health conditions How neuroplasticity rewires your brain and creates room for healing The difference between mental health and mental illnesses — and what that means for you Practical steps to restore your brain through simple lifestyle changes The power of aligning neuroscience with faith for lasting renewal For anyone feeling trapped in shame or hopelessness, this episode sheds light on the physical roots of mental struggles and offers tangible ways to bring healing, hope, and freedom. Whether you're navigating your own mental health journey or supporting someone you love, you'll gain tools to take action today. It's an inspiring reminder that your brain, like your faith, can heal and flourish through God's incredible design and the renewal of your mind.   Perfect for women seeking mental clarity, believers longing for hope, or anyone ready to understand the science behind healing. If you're tired of feeling stuck and want to restore your mind and life, this episode will equip you to embrace God's plan for your brain's healing and renewal.   Show Notes Get our New Globally Respected Mental Health Course! Course: Finding Freedom from Anxiety and Depression Connect with Us Free guide: "5 Keys to Walking In Your Worth." wonderfullymade.org Allie's Books Social Media Reset: A 30-Day Guided Journey to Unplug, Reconnect with God, and Reclaim Your JoyWonderfully Made: Discover the Identity, Love, and Worth You Were Created For Social Media @wonderfullymade_org @alliemariesmithTikTok Resources Life Coaching for Teen GirlsSocial Media Reset CourseWonderfully Made Young Women's Course  

  Episode: 140 RAISING PPA assessment and treatment from the Ground Up: In Conversation with Jeanne Gallée     In this episode you will discover: · Assessment and Intervention Aren't Separate — Conversation itself can double as both. By listening closely and responding to what a client offers, in a "more art than science" way, clinicians gather meaningful data and provide support at the same time, rather than treating these as two distinct phases of care. · Rigid Testing Can Erase the Person Behind the Diagnosis — Traditional standardized assessments often serve the goals of an institution or research protocol more than the person being assessed. Frameworks like RAISE and the PACT scale shift the focus toward strengths, natural conversation, and what someone can still do, rather than repeatedly measuring decline. · PPA Needs Its Own Identity and Training Path — Because primary progressive aphasia sits uneasily between post-stroke aphasia care and traditional dementia care, clinicians often receive little formal training in it. A global survey found major gaps in education and confidence, underscoring the need for dedicated resources, like Dr. Gallée's PPA roadmap, built specifically for this population. Do you ever wish you could step back in time and undo the missteps and errors of the past? What if you had the opportunity to build something from the ground up? Certainly, knowing what you know now, you could begin in a better place. But of course, there's always pitfalls with new beginnings, even with the knowledge of lessons from the past. You could, however, make a positive impact on that new beginning. Welcome to the Aphasia Access Conversations podcast. I'm Jerry Hoepner, a professor from the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, and co-facilitator of the Chippewa Valley Aphasia Camp, Blue Gold Brain Injury Group, Mayo Brain Injury Group, Young Persons Brain Injury Group, Brain In-Cog, and Thursday Night Poets. I'm also a member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. Aphasia Access strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas about their aphasia care through a variety of educational resources. I'm privileged to introduce today's guest, Dr. Jeanne Gallée, who is a clinical scientist in the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington. Dr. Gallée is a licensed speech language pathologist practicing in the greater Washington state area. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences at Wellesley College in 2016 and Doctor of Philosophy at Harvard University in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology in 2021. She has been recognized as a Distinguished Early Career Professional by ASHA and a Distinguished Scholar by the Tavistock Trust for Aphasia. Her work is dedicated to improving assessment practices and functional outcomes for individuals living with aphasia and neurodegenerative conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Jeanne, it's really nice to see you again today, and to have this opportunity to have a conversation with you as a recent recipient of the Tavistock Scholar Program, and to talk about your work with individuals with primary progressive aphasia. So, thanks for being "on" today for the conversation. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you so much for having me, Jerry. I'm really honored to be here. Jerry Hoepner: Likewise, I'm really excited for this conversation, and as I just alluded to, I wanted to congratulate you on being awarded the first Tavistock Scholar with an emphasis doing work in primary progressive aphasia, and I thought maybe I could get your thoughts on being selected as a Tavistock Scholar. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you. It feels honestly incredibly remarkable in the sense that I think it represents a shift in how we're thinking about the separate diagnoses of progressive aphasia versus an aphasia that's due to an acute injury. And I'm really honored to be a part of that. I think there have been many discussions growing over the years, and I think we're seeing that shift in how we do think about addressing assessment and intervention and general care for people across the aphasia continuum. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed, I think there's been so much growth in the last five years in that area. I can remember at the outset of the pandemic, having discussions about "What do we do with people with primary progressive aphasia who were a part of our aphasia group? Should they be a part of our aphasia group? How do we pivot to that in an online context?" and it feels like we've come so far in our conversation about where primary progressive aphasia fits in in all of those different contexts. Jeanne Gallée: Right, I entirely agree, and I think the journey of my own work has already evolved in so many ways that I couldn't have imagined, like you say, five years ago I completed my doctoral work March 2021 and just seeing the phenomenal amounts of change that have really taken place since then has been incredible, and I feel very lucky to be part of that momentum right now. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, it's exciting to see these things move forward. And one of the differences that I see is primary progressive aphasia started out within the Life Participation Approach, just soundly from day one, as opposed to a lot of aphasia care, which has kind of evolved from this medical model, and how refreshing it is to see something built from the ground up. Done right, so to speak. I don't know if you have thoughts on that piece… Jeanne Gallée: No, I do. I think that's a really interesting point. I think I might be part of the camp that at times feels like progressive conditions get a little bit lost in the rehabilitation space, but I think you're absolutely right. I think the absence of pharmacological treatment, or a cure that has long standing effects for these progressive conditions has made rehabilitation specialists much more attuned to focusing on quality of life, life participation, maintaining autonomy, and so forth. So, I think I forget that perspective sometimes. Perhaps from the space that I work in, I tend to be in a more interdisciplinary environment where I feel on the opposite end. I'm often asked for justification for providing these types of services, and that fits in nicely with our previous discussion on how we do see that differentiation and how people with aphasia due to a progressive condition may be siloed from people who have the more quote unquote traditional aphasia symptoms. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that's a really good point. And you know, referring to those previous conversations we discussed that need for primary progressive aphasia to have a space of its own. It's tricky because it doesn't fit into post-stroke aphasia quite right, and it doesn't fit into the Alzheimer's and dementia world quite right. So, yeah, it's nice to see this developing in the Life Participation kind of context, really excited about Anna Volkmer's conference dedicated to primary progressive aphasia. Yeah, what an excellent point, that even though we feel like it's great to build it from the ground up, there's still people in that interdisciplinary context, who are very much looking at this, like,"Justify this. How is having conversations and doing activities with someone justifiable, as a, you know, as a skilled intervention?" Jeanne Gallée: Right. I think a lot of it comes back to misunderstandings about the scope of our profession. So, coming from the speech language pathology standpoint, we may have a perspective that other providers may not. And it's interesting, particularly when that confusion or disconnect happens in conditions that are communication led, where we see the symptoms primarily touching upon our ability to interact verbally or non-verbally to communicate. And it's fascinating, and I think speaking to that silo, we see PPA having been a relatively new and still considered very rare condition, but there's so much overlap with other conditions, right, in the kinds of symptoms that we see and there's so much where, as any speech pathologist with experience in acquired neurogenic communication disorders, we can see that we can apply our skill set, but again, likely due to the terminal nature of the condition, we end up seeing providers taking it a different route, or saying either there's only the pharmacological route, or we just let it lie or let it be as is, which we wouldn't do with any other condition. We wouldn't say that for someone with ALS. We would want to provide them the supports, even if they're temporary, to improve quality of life. So, it is an interesting, almost cultural phenomenon as well. I think. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that I think it's really fascinating, and I'm so glad you brought that up. It reminds me of kind of the phrase, the company we keep, right? It's easy to be amongst, you know, people who are in the [Life Participation Approach to Aphasia] LPPA world, who think the way that we think, and who do the way that we do. And I do a lot of work in the area of cognitive communication disorders with acquired brain injuries, and so forth, and there's been a remarkable shift in the last five years there as well towards a more Life Participation bio psychosocial approach, and some of the work that I've been passionate about for years has been more and more accepted. So you feel like when you're in that company of all of your people that everything's all good, but it also reminds me of something that my friend Natalie Douglas always says, which is that "We need to be out there amongst others who need to understand the importance of this kind of a perspective, and sharing that." And when you talked about those other professionals, I really didn't think about that until you said that. Right, really important to get them on the same page, and to help them understand why this is so important. Jeanne Gallée: Right? And I think that's where the conference that you mentioned, the first PPA only conference that's taking place this summer in London, is so special because one of the reasons why we were so motivated to have this type of a conference is that there wasn't really the space at the typical aphasiology conferences, and then the larger neurology-based conferences, or more broadly dementia-based conferences, also didn't quite feel like a home. I think, especially their studies of quality of life, in particular, we're really not seen as rigorous in those contexts. So, this conference, what's nice is that we have that uniting force of everyone being focused on PPA, but it's super interdisciplinary, and that I think will really promote some fantastic conversations. Jerry Hoepner: Wow, that's really encouraging and exciting to see that move forward. I'm not in the primary progressive aphasia world, although when we're at aphasia camp and things like that, certainly that's a part of my role. But as soon as I saw the call for papers come out, I'm, you know, texting and messaging all of my PPA folks to say, "Did you see this? This is great. Are you doing something?" It's very exciting. So, I'm excited to see where that moves in the future and to hear how things go this time around. That's great. Jeanne Gallée: Likewise, I'm really excited, and I do really believe it will lead to a whole future cascade of collaboration. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, amazing. Well, before we delve into your amazing work, I've been reading your articles, and it's been just a pleasure to read it. I'm always impressed with how certain themes of importance can come across in different areas of our field, and it's been fun to see that. I wonder, because I'm looking at the list of collaborators, just some incredible collaborators on that list, in those papers, I'd love to hear a little bit about your mentorship, both in primary progressive aphasia and kind of thinking about the Life Participation quality of life kind of context as well. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think in hindsight my mentorship experience seems more linear than it did in the moment. And I think it goes back to my original journey in my doctoral program. The program I was in, the Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology program at Harvard was a little bit different from others, where we didn't apply to work with a specific mentor, but truly just to get into the program. And they encouraged a pretty extensive shopping period to work with a variety of mentors to get a feel for topic area, mentorship style, and so traditionally first year students didn't even have any experiences, they just focused on the very time-intensive and rigorous coursework. I came in and started my first experience with Evelina Fedorenko at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who had worked with an undergrad. And that I think from the get-go gave me a very holistic view. I think, of the ways in which we could think about language, and in particular, the language network. So, there I was working on MRI studies of what activations do we see in the language network. In response to linguistic stimuli. And we were working with undergrads at MIT who were all healthy between the ages of 18 through 30, and I just felt at a certain point that I had this growing interest towards thinking about what happens when something goes wrong. So when it's atypical processing of language. I first thought I might be interested in pediatric population, so I was all over the place, but through the partnership that my program had with the MGH Institute of Health Professionals, I ended up having this amazing opportunity to be mentored by Evelina Federenko, as well as Sophia Vallila Rohter at the Institute of Health Professions, as well as the Frontotemporal Disorders Unit at Mass General Hospital, through my actual clinical training. So I had this quite hefty consortium of mentors, and I think that has its own set of challenges, right? It's a little bit less mentor-directed and more on the student to say, "This is exactly what I want to work on." But I think that allowed me to build a network of experiences and mentors, and that just has bled into every experience I've had since then. I also think the pandemic, you brought that up before, had a huge role in this, and all of a sudden people were very, very open to virtual meetings and connections and wanted connection. I think everyone felt very stuck at home and wanted to find more people and to find meaning and Anna Volkmer and I had the opportunity to meet at the Academy of Aphasia in Macau in 2019. And honestly meeting her in our connection has been also one of those launching pads for me to really jump out into the world of international collaboration. So all that to say, I think a lot of chance encounters and just a lot of plunging into possible conversations head first has led to this phenomenal mentorship team. And a lot of people who I collaborate with now I see as my inadvertent mentors, and that includes Anna, that includes Maya Henry at UT Austin, Amy Mooney in Oregon, just people who have consistently volunteered their time to mentor me in ways in which I can only say I would have never expected. Jade Cartwright and I have had such a phenomenal collaboration over the past few years as well, where we just had the same interests, and Zoom allowing, we were able to build on those. Jerry Hoepner: That's really an amazing answer to that question. I love the term inadvertent mentors, because I just think that those are the best mentors, where you're as much a mentor to them as they are to you. And it's just this really reciprocal relationship, but it's also built on this organic, like passion and interest for the same kinds of topics. Where it's not forced and that's a really nice kind of look back on your entire process. I was also struck by the term "mentor shopping", or "mentor shopping period", whatever. And I think that's really great that you had an opportunity for that not to be so mentor-led, and I mean it clearly shows through when you talk about your clinical experience and how that was connected to your research experience, and kind of all used to create this amalgamation of who you are. I mean, it's clear in talking with you, it's clear in reading your work that you have that strong, multi prong kind of basis. It's not just research, it's not just this specific area of research, it's really broad and the clinical connection is there, so that makes a lot of sense when I hear you talk about that, for sure. Jeanne Gallée: Oh, thank you. Yeah, I think in hindsight, again, it seems more linear, and in the moment it sometimes felt a little wild, I will say, in terms of just wrangling what do I actually want to pursue, and how. And I'm still figuring that out. But I think this community of collaborators and mentors is truly what has kept me in the field and as well. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, I think when you can connect with other people who are passionate about the work that you're doing. I can't imagine sitting at alone in my office doing a project, and I mean it's just so much more fun when you're doing it with other people. And other people who can expand the way that you think, which I'm sure everyone that you've mentioned on that list really does, when you can say, "Well, I think we should do it this way" and someone says, "Have you thought about…" and it just completely wrecks your world in a good way, "Like, oh my gosh, I didn't think about that, that's so exciting!" and then you just get into this back and forth. Yeah, very fun to hear about that. And again, it clearly shows through in the work that you do. In our previous conversations, you also mentioned this idea, and this again built on those clinical foundations that your initial mission was really to help develop interventions for people with primary progressive aphasia, and then you kind of got not off track, but inadvertently focused on working on assessments. You mentioned that there's just such a need, and this is so common in a lot of areas, but there's a need for more person-centered, ecologically valid strength-based assessment, and that the traditional measures just don't tell us enough. So, I'm really excited to talk about the work that you're doing on assessment, and how that brings us closer to what we need from an intervention standpoint, too. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so that really is at the heart of what has been my experience. Also, right from the get-go, we started talking about the differences, or the possible differentiation that the field has historically taken in thinking about post-stroke aphasia versus primary progressive aphasia. One of my first real PPA projects in my doctoral work was meant to be a naming treatment study for people living with PPA, and one of the roadblocks I kept hitting was also my mentors and reviewers telling me that I was trying to add too many things. And in that process I realized I don't think just using something that exists for post-stroke aphasia is going to be the best way to address the patients I'm seeing right now. And it's not because there's something wrong with that treatment. That treatment was not designed for these individuals. And that led to many more rabbit holes, and you know me really just feeling this existential crisis of "Well, why are we working on the stimuli that we are, and why are we asking questions about these ones?" And I have so much respect for the assessments that exist, and the individuals behind them, and the time they invested in making them. I am also of the belief that we can move forward and improve our processes. There are certain assessments that may be widely used and have so much again power behind them. You know, we have best associated certain assessments with characterizing a diagnosis, but what I ended up seeing in my placements and throughout my clinical work is that many assessments serve more of a mission of an institution or a research protocol than the person being assessed. And in the face of a person with a terminal condition who is using their precious time to serve you in that space, I just think it's so much more important, or that much more important, to really consider what is most functional for them. What will serve them? And how we, how can we give back to that person? And again, part of that emotion, I think, comes from having worked in many research-centered spaces, where someone might not get intervention afterwards, or they might not understand why they are participating in up to five hours of assessment, and I think that's where that passion for focusing on reprioritizing the patient or the client really came from. Jerry Hoepner: I think that attention to "what's in it for them", is really important and clearly based in kind of where your heart is at and where your clinical mindset is at. Because it's easy to go in and say, "Well, we need this data. We need all the data that we get." but to what end, right? Like, how is it going to help? And how is that going to give us any more information about how to help this person, then what they can't do, right? So, I appreciate that mindset a lot, you know. It makes me think, and this is a little off track, and we didn't talk about this question earlier, but what a shift it will be clinicians working with people with primary progressive aphasia, and how they'll be able to shift from using kind of the existing tools that were out there for other purposes to moving towards tools that are designed specifically for people with PPA, and maybe just a snapshot of your thoughts about that piece. Jeanne Gallée: So I think it's really important to know where the field comes from, the work in which it was grounded in. So, I think it, it makes sense to talk about standardized assessment scores. It makes sense to talk about, you know, the specific assessments that can help us quickly differentiate presentations or needs, right? So, using the symptom-led approach, can we identify specific behaviors really quickly in a standardized way? I think the issue comes in when we stop being dynamic in how we use them. It's very easy to use an assessment in a way that feels rote. It feels just like a test, and it's like you said, "just collecting data for the purpose of collecting data." And lose that aspect of humanity. And maybe I'm putting words in other clinicians' mouths, but especially when a certain condition is rare, like PPA is. You may not have very much experience with seeing someone with PPA, or any type of progressive condition, and feel really stuck and needing to be in the motivation of being really professional, sticking to a certain set of tests. "This feels right." Right, this is what someone told me to do. I can fill this out, and there's something very potentially vulnerable or scary about just going with your gut in those moments. And what Anna Volkmer and I have spoken about so often is just the power of having a conversation with someone, and seeing what you can learn from that conversation, not only about the person themselves, but their communication behaviors. And how you can get so much from that conversation, including the trust and comfort of the client in front of you. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah. One of the things that I think about when you're talking about that is, in working with people with acquired brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries one of the things I've learned is they will tell you, or they will ask, right? They'll say, "What is this? "What kind of information is this giving you?" "Why do we have to do this stupid test?" And I think that's good. I think that's a mindset that we should have when we're thinking about all of the assessments that we do. Why are we doing this? Is this really necessary? And they're very willing to say, "If it's necessary, that's fine, I'll do it, but are you getting something from this that I'm not seeing?" Right, I love that question, and I think it speaks to what you just said, right? Like, there's so much information that we can gather from conversations, from our interactions with people, we should be thinking about getting that, and if we're doing something else, we should have a why directly following, yeah. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, the why is so important, and you're right. Sometimes we do just need to get certain information. I think for me, one of the most striking moments early on in my training was having small talk. You know, just conversation with a person with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and thinking, "Wow, this all feels quite typical. I'm curious about why they're here? What their testing will look like…" and then moving on to the Boston Naming Test and immediately seeing the challenges that came. That dichotomy is really helpful to have in those moments, but again, there's the argument of why are we asking about the name abacus, right? Why are we using that right now, and how does that represent how someone is performing functionally in their everyday life? Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, totally. I agree. Can you share a little bit about the RAISE framework, which I really love, because it relates to the way that I think about assessment from the standpoint of counseling, like you build on relationships and connections. William Miller is famous for saying, "The last thing you should ever do at the beginning of a session is assessment." You're beginning of a relationship with someone, don't assess first thing. So, I love that piece, and then thinking about the pact, and I'll let you kind of expand those, but I'll let you unpack them – ha ha- but how that starts to move us towards intervention. Jeanne Gallée: Right. So the RAISE assessment framework was really built out of those conversations, and I guess realizations on my own part about that discomfort with the really rigid end that assessment can…I'll restate that. The rigidity that assessment can have, so again speaking to really, really standardized sets and rigid protocols of specific measures that someone uses, and like you said, having the experience of multiple research participants, as well as patients, asking "Why are we doing this? I know I'm not good at this. Why are we doing it again and again?" And in those moments, not feeling like I had the power to really justify exactly why we were doing everything, apart from, "Oh, this is important for the research study." Which it was, but just feeling like there was that aspect of humanity that was missing, and coming up with my own toolkit in those moments to fill in those blanks. So right after the completion of my PhD, Anna Volkmar and I started speaking a lot more about the power of conversational assessment. And then that led into conversations where we worked with Anne Whitworth, Deborah Hersh, and Jade Cartwright, where again, through the power of Zoom across all times. I was pregnant with my first, and meeting everyone usually at midnight my time. I already was nocturnal at that point!  Where we would just be discussing all of these issues, and what was amazing about this is that, particularly Anne and Deb come from more of the post-stroke aphasia world, and had these amazing principles grounded in those populations where Deborah Hersh had also really come forward with the concept of therapeutic assessment. So as you had said assessment and intervention shouldn't be separate, they belong together and coexist at all times if we're smart about it. And what we ended up doing, first informally and then formally through the more official Delphi process is coming up with a set of principles as a framework for assessment. So, to take a step away from, "Oh, it's just Lucy Goosey, we're having a conversation and chit chat." What we're actually promoting is a pretty structured set of principles to guide the ways in which we can cultivate assessment for individuals with PPA and their loved ones. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, absolutely. I was kind of scanning on my computer, I was trying to think of the name. I love this name of the article, where it says, 'Please don't assess me to death, or something like that. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, yeah. Jerry Hoepner:  Yeah, and, and thinking about that whole entire process from beginning to end as a relationship, as you know, not discreetly assessment, not discreetly intervention, I think it's just really important. Can you talk a little bit about the PACT and kind of where that has moved things in terms of the assessment piece, but also kind of set a set up for intervention and what that looks like? Jeanne Gallée: Great, so the PACT the Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit kit builds off of what we put forth with the RAISE assessment framework. So with RAISE we promote that the relationship might be temporary, it might be a single interaction, or it might be long term, and we cultivate that through conversation and then the PACT is a set of scales that leverages that conversation, we take that natural or as natural as can be interaction and use it to come up with a concrete framework of communication strengths. So that might all sound very esoteric. To make that more concrete, there are four scales to the PACT. They're all clinician ratings, where the clinician is asked to look at a pre-recorded conversation that would occur naturally in a clinical or research context, and then on a scale from four to zero, rate the person speaking's strengths. So within the domains of speech and voice, as well as language and social pragmatics, as well as discourse, and the point or the purpose of that was to really anchor a person's communicative ability in one of these more natural environments with a provider. We collect so much phenomenal qualitative data, but at times it can feel challenging to quantify it and the hope with the PACT is that we can quantify our very real, possibly subjective evaluation of a person's communication at a certain moment in time. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, and what I love about that, and you might have a slightly different thought about this, because you're deeper into it, but from an assessment standpoint, you can then do that all the way through. You can say, "Here's where they are this year, here's where they are next year, here's where they are the year after that, or you know, two years ago, or whatever your lens is at that point." You can do that without kind of this constant repeating of, "Okay, let's see how bad you are today compared to a year ago, or compared to two years ago." Just a very different mindset. And I love the focus on "What can you still do? What what's working? And how can we leverage what's working to really help you to actually communicate today?" As opposed to saying, "Oh boy, the ship is sinking." which is kind of the typical approach. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, that exactly what you're saying. The tendency tends to focus on what's no longer there. And while that might be helpful in clinical trials to characterize a person's performance diagnostically and the trajectory of a diagnosis over time. It really does not serve the person who goes home after the assessment, nor their loved ones to help them maintain that autonomy and quality of life, and also caregiver burden. And that is actually one of the points I really love about the PACT, is it builds on that RAISE aspect, that final tenant of evolution or adaptation over time. There's no repeat measure conflict here, where you know something might seem familiar. One of the unique parts of the PACT is that the clinician doesn't fill out the scale while they're talking to the person, they're really just recording them talking, so it is on the clinician side where, as often as they'd like to, they could implement the structured prompts of the PACT and then fill out the scale and see how performance might vary over time. They might see effects of context of the conversation, or the environment, or maybe the time of day, you know, phase of life, but it remains a way to use that really important information you gather through these conversations without recreating a testing environment frequently. Jerry Hoepner: I really love that framework. I think there's a lot of room for that to be used in other contexts as well. I just think it's really a wise way of thinking about it. I also, you just mentioned caregivers and caregiver burden in this context, and how does that fit into this entire RAISE framework, the PACT, and so forth. Jeanne Gallée: I think for both the RAISE assessment framework as well as the PACT the carers play an essential role in the sense that if they are available and present in the patient's life, then they are involved in the process. And so within the RAISE framework, the care partner is involved to provide feedback or to be given feedback, and in the PACT the same occurs, where if they are present at the time of the conversation, they are involved in the conversation. What I tend to do in the people I have piloted the PACT, I say come in as you would naturally, but then also take a step back. Let the person that with PPA that we're talking to take the lead, but I want you to interact as you would naturally. And then they're separately also asked to comment on the strengths that the person with PPA has. Their feedback is so integral because if they are present in a person's life, they play an essential role in promoting anything that we do work on in speech therapy. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, really well said. And I wanted to dig in, partly because I have envy of this figure, the roadmap figure for PPA, and I think it really sets up well for as we think about professionals out there too, like what's the roadmap, not just for the person and their partner, but what's the roadmap for clinicians, future clinicians, all of that. Maybe you can talk a little bit about that figure. Jeanne Gallée: I'd be delighted to. So, this was one of those, I would say classic for me moments where I had an idea and went to PowerPoint and started playing around with a visual of what I was thinking. The roadmap paper in no way is meant to be the only guide for how we can work with a person with PPA, but was really born out of discussions with Amy Mooney, as well as Zoe Ezzes, and Kristin Schafferr Mendez through the National Aphasia Association about the possible gaps in education or preparation a person might experience when first working with people living with PPA.  There are so many ways in which we could say, "Oh, just work on this exact task. Work on these.." and that can feel so lost and unanchored, unmoored moreover. And I wanted to provide the clinical toolkit that I've been using to help me think about my broader approach. So to not get lost in the weeds, but just generally think about what's my purpose here, what's my journey, and so at the center of this road that I created is the tenant of providing that person-centered care, like we aim to with the RAISE assessment framework, so really bringing it back to establishing that honest and holistic and person-centered relationship with your client and their care partners. And focusing on creating a journey that's unique to the client that I think can feel hard when there are so many unknowns with a condition like PPA, where you're always working with an interdisciplinary team. Which you may or may not have contact with. So the first part of this roadmap is really defining your role. Who are you as a professional, and what kinds of support can you provide, and part of defining your own role includes defining your role relative to the rest of the interdisciplinary team. How can you provide a different approach from the neurologist or the neuropsychologist who play vital but very different roles in a person's care journey? Part of that definition also includes advocating across professions, so a classic conundrum that people with communication-led disorders face is that they may not have certain challenges in other domains, but their communication results in a domino effect of difficulties. And so, as the speech language pathologist, coming up with ways in which you can provide supports to other providers or your client to improve their communication can be essential for that comprehensive care. That might include coming up with a communication notebook that has a single page related to specific questions or common topics when talking to the neurologist or the physical therapist or other providers. And then part of this roadmap includes referring out. So having the humility and confidence to say I can't help with this in the ways that you may need. I will either refer you to a specialist within our field or outside of our field to help with these specific aspects, and I think that's just responsible care. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely. Really well described, and such a perfect. A segway to my next question. I always tell my students, assessment isn't just the first and last session that you're working with someone, and the same goes for intervention, right? It's not excluded from the beginning and the end, right? Like, you can't do intervention on day one, you can't do it on the last day, right? I think we kind of silo those things as well, you know, we assess and we intervene every day side by side. Can you share a little bit of your perspectives on this? And, and how that relates to kind of what we just talked about in terms of that roadmap? Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think part of the challenge with some of these concepts is that it's very helpful to have experience in working with individuals, whether it is through formal speech therapy or elsewhere, to feel comfort with the unknown. Because a lot of it relies on your ability to listen and to respond to what you notice. You may inadvertently put in assessment by asking follow-up questions to a point a person made when you were talking about their commute. Ad you may offer different technological supports or just visual supports to your client in that conversation in a way to build up supports to see, "Oh, do we see a difference in how they're responding to what I'm saying? And how I provide support? Or when I dial it back, do we see a completely different direction?" So, it is this beautiful, possibly more art than science approach of responding to what a person is giving you. And there are so many individual differences in all of us.  I always joke about how when I used to collect data on the picture description using both age match controls and people with PPA, I would almost burst out laughing when some of the controls provided responses, because I would get one to two sentences sometimes because see the difference in motivation. A person who does not have a communication concern, does not see the need to show exactly what they can do. And would benefit from some encouragement to show exactly how much they can say, whereas a person with PPA, who might have an Aphasia Quotient that recognizes their aphasia, might speak for five to 10 minutes to show exactly everything that they can accomplish. And so I think having that in your back pocket is really important when it comes to thinking about coming up with your recipe of all the ingredients of your assessment and intervention approach and counseling approach. So, I think that's where most of my work comes from, is that there is no one size fits all, but there are certain ingredients or components that we need to apply, and the exact ratios depend on the person you're working with. Jerry Hoepner: That is such a good description of dynamic assessment and intervention and how that I agree, probably more art than science. And that's hard for people who want a black and white answer, like "Step one…" but it's so true, and, and being effective in working in this context, that really moves us nicely into a recent paper that you did, those global perspectives on the management of PPA, and I was struck by the numbers here. Only 40% of respondents said that they had received training in primary progressive aphasia at their university, and they identified all of these needs, right, like online instruction, sample tools, and activity dealing with end of life care and trainings for end of life care. When you mentioned counseling, that totally relates to what we're up against in terms of counseling, right? No one feels confident or has very good self efficacy. Tey don't know if what you know the lines are, what part is theirs and what part is someone else. And I think just really important to like I said, lay out a roadmap and help people to understand what we were just talking about in terms of that art and science of how do you navigate this space when it has to be individualized for every person, and that can feel uncomfortable for a lot of people. So, I'd love to hear more of your thoughts on that, and kind of what you learned from that context. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so this research study. Was really an amazing endeavor on part of everyone who was involved. It felt like a grassroots effort to find the speech language pathologists around the world who aren't associated with a particular institution who do work with primary progressive aphasia. So of course it will never be a fully representative sample of every clinician who does so, but I do think we worked very hard to cast a wide net. So we used a snowball method. I contacted almost 40 institutions and governing bodies to find speech language pathologists who do have experience with PPA, because while more and more non-specialist providers will be seeing this patient population, we wanted to hear from the people who currently are in the field and creating their own expertise and toolkits to work with these individuals. So, what we found is that a lot of people are out on their own creating their own wheels, so to speak. And it just really led to that beautiful conclusion of now with the power of our globalization of education and sharing of resources, we can come up with a resource that's shared worldwide. Of course, there will be adaptations to fit different contexts, cultures, languages, but one of the issues has been that the systems of care for PPA have often relied upon very specific individuals. And that's reflected in the educational level. Even I was in the master's program between 2017 and 2019, I didn't hear about PPA formally in my coursework, and if it was mentioned we did not go into any of these aspects of specialized care. Part of that might have been because I didn't take very specific courses that then you know were optional or precluded, so I might have missed it, but I really didn't receive that education in the classroom. I received it through my clinical training, which I would argue is possibly even more valuable, right? You have that experiential training. But I think for clinicians who might want to transition in their careers, or you know, inadvertently in their place of work, are transitioning based on who shows up, that is a huge disservice. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, agreed. And it's a complex issue, right, because I can remember actually teaching about this back before Tom [Sather] was in my department. I taught the aphasia class and the acquired cog class, and I was thinking, like, where do I talk about primary progressive aphasia? Do I talk about that in acquired com? Do I talk about that in aphasia? Do I do it in both? Where do I talk about end of life care, and like, how does that fit in, because that's, you know, at that point I was teaching dysphasia, too. Believe it or not, and I'm like, it's kind of there, it's kind of here, it's kind of, it's kind of in counseling, it's all right. So that makes it tricky to have kind of a uniform message when it's all over the place. And love to just get your thoughts on that too. Like, where do you put that stuff? Like, it's it's PPA, it's end of life care, it's aphasia, it's right, it's counseling, it's so many things at once. Jeanne Gallée: It is so many things at once, and I do think that speaks to the fact that it may well need its own class as part of progressive conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah. Jeanne Gallée: But I do think a large part of what we share there is that understanding of we may also need to shift the identity of who we think about when we think about life care. And when we think about a progressive condition. Since a huge flavor, so to speak, of PPA is the fact that it is early onset, and especially with our cultural shifts, and you know, people starting families later in life. The face of a person with PPA looks very different from, at least in my childhood, of what looked like typical Alzheimer's disease dementia. And it's a younger, possibly more dynamic working person, possibly with little kids at home. And I think that's where that symptom-led approach has been most beneficial for my practice. Where we think about "What are you experiencing and how is it impacting your life?", rather than saying "This is the diagnosis, let's put you over here in this box." Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, the idea of putting it in a box and siloing things really resonates in this context, and I love what you said about identity, right? The identity - what we all have in our mind's eye when we think about end of life care is not the typical person with primary progressive aphasia. Like I can remember as an elementary school student visiting the nursing homes and singing to the residents and things like that, and this was not, this was not the group of people that we were thinking about in that context. Very, very different, and I just think that's a really good mindset shift to recognize how actually broad that is. I'm sure there's people listening to this who work in, you know, end of life pediatric care who want to slap me in the face right now, but right, we have such a different mindset when we're thinking about end of life care, and that reset that you just made super important. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, yeah, and easier said than done, I think, As well as just seeing who shows up to the University of Washington support groups, and just the own perspectives that individuals bring there. But I think we can do it. I think, as a field, that will be the way in which we can become the best generalist provider, so to speak, where we take general principles of addressing symptoms or situations, and then apply those to diagnoses across the spectrum. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, really well said, and a great place to kind of wrap up our questions, but I want to give you the opportunity, are there points that you want to share before we kind of close our conversation? Things that we missed. Jeanne Gallée: I think the general thread throughout our conversation has just spoken to the power we do have as providers or researchers working with patients with primary progressive aphasia or related conditions, I think when we feel that our expertise in the newest theories or approaches might be lacking, we can always rely upon our empathy and full body listening, just to bring in elements that go across the lifespan, and that in of itself can lead to so many honest and transparent choices in our clinical care that can best serve our communities. I think we are much more empowered than we think we are. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, that's a really important thread through many places where clinicians feel uncomfortable. They've got it there and they just have to gain that confidence, and being empowered to step into those moments. Well said. Well, Jeanne it's been just a really fun conversation. I'm sure we could talk all afternoon, but I look forward to catching up to you at future conferences and things like that. It's been my pleasure to have this conversation. So, thank you for being a part of it. Jeanne Gallée: Right back at you, Jerry. Thank you so much. This has been a really fun conversation, and like you said, I hope to meet in person in the near future. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed. On behalf of Aphasia Access, thank you for listening to this episode of the Aphasia Access Conversations Podcast. For more information on Aphasia Access, and to access our growing library of materials, please go to www.aphasiaaccess.org. If you have an idea for a future podcast series or topic, email us at info at aphasia access.org Thanks again for your ongoing support of Aphasia Access.   Resources and Readings 1) The RAISE Assessment Framework: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., & Hersh, D. (2023). "Please Don't Assess Him to Destruction": The R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework for Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 32(2), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00122  Gallée, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., Hersh, D., & Cartwright, J. (2024). Applications of the R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework to Support the Process of Assessment in Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 33(5), 2280–2290. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00085 2) A roadmap for clinicians just starting to work with PPA: Gallée, J. (2023). A Roadmap to enhance care for people living with primary progressive Aphasia: What Can Be Done Now?. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 8(5), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_PERSP-23-0002  3) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705 4) The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (in production at Alzheimer's & Dementia, but here is the preprint): Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Henry, M. L., Mooney, A. R., Stark, B. C., Volkmer, A., Dietz, A., Nakano, C., Battista, P., Beales, A., Beber, B. C., Cadório, I., Caldwell, M., Davies, K., Ezzes, Z., Gauch, M., Graney, T., Grobler, S., Haley, K. L., Hausmann, A., … Crane, P. K. (2025). The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (PACT): A Strengths-Based Approach to Multidomain Evaluation for Intervention. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025.11.25.25340904. https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.11.25.25340904 5) A global survey on SLP perspectives on the management of PPA: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Grasso, S., Jokel, R., Lavoie, M., McGowan, E., Pozzebon, M., Beber, B. C., Duboisdindien, G., Montagut, N., Norvik, M., Sugimoto, T., Townsend, R., Unger, N., Winsnes, I. E., & Volkmer, A. (2024). Global perspectives on the management of primary progressive aphasia. Scientific reports, 14(1), 19712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70156-5 6) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705

Ricky Carmichael and Ryan Villopoto dive into last weekend's race at Spring Creek including Julien Beaumer's first Moto win and what he nearly lost, Jett Lawrence's true opponent, the wild wrecks to start the Motos, Levi Kitchen taking control of the 250 class, Haiden big comeback run, a look ahead at Washougal and coming back from an ACL injury. Follow us on Instagram TitleTwoFourWatch us on the Motorsports on NBC YouTube Episode Notes(0:00) Welcome to Title 24(0:57) The Villos in Mississippi.(2:08) Great Changes in Millville.(5:21) Julien Beaumer's 1st career win.(7:40) Beaumer's Bowels.(9:44) Beaumer at Baker's.(10:55) Coming Up: the Wild 250 Class.(11:04) 250 Wild Starts Continue Consistency.(14:44) Who you gonna call: Mumford, Minear, Kitchen, Davies, Beaumer?(19:54) Kitchen's strategy changing?(21:02) Coming Up: What did Haiden just say?(21:22) Deegan: From Wild Crash and Dead Last, to Podium and Words.(23:48) Okay to help Haiden?(25:37) Haiden needs to keep the toe.(28:19) A couple notables...(29:29) Prado: Supercross better than Motocross.(32:56) RJ Hampshire or Garrett Marchbanks?(36:17) Jett Lawrence vs. Hunter, Haiden, or Himself?(44:10) Coming Up: Washougal is Next!(44:22) Levi and RV are on the same plane.(51:47) ACL recovery and how the pros do it.(58:56) Thanks for joining us! See you next week.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Seth Davies talks to Remko about the wild swings in super high rollers and the skills needed to win in them.Follow Remko on Twitter: @RemkoRinkemaFollow PokerGO on Twitter: @PokerGO Subscribe to PokerGO today to receive 24/7 access to the world's largest poker content library, including High Stakes Poker, No Gamble, No Future, and more. Use the promo code PODCAST to receive $20 off your first year of a new annual subscription. Join today at PokerGO.com.Play free poker against real players anytime, anywhere on PlayPokerGO. Build your path to poker mastery for free with Octopi Poker. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/pokergo-podcast--5877082/support.

Welcome to Star Wars Reactions!This week, we are excited to continue our Reactions Chat series as co-host David Modders sits down with long time friend of the show Daz Davies and explores his journey through fandom. From how his fandom started to becoming Rey's #1 fan, Daz shares an unique perspective and journey through the Saga. Make sure you stay til the end as David takes a shot at not one but two Star Wars Dad Jokes of the Week!Show Outline:Episode 252 IntroA Chat With DazSpeed RoundStar Wars Dad Joke of the WeekClosingStar Wars Reactions: Elegant discussions for a more civilized age!Join the discussion! Click on any of the show links and send us your thoughts about this or any Star Wars topic!Visit our Reactions Outpost here!Click here to leave us a voicemail via SpeakPipe!Email us here!Follow us on X!Follow us on Facebook!Follow us on Instagram!Follow us on  TikTok!Follow us on Threads!Follow us on Bluesky!Follow us on Pinterest!Subscribe on YouTube!Follow Aaron and David on X!Follow Aaron and David on Instagram!Check out Aaron's new podcast, Mic'd Up Bros!

Have you ever heard of emotional hoarding? It's when we not only carry the emotional baggage that weighs us down—we stockpile it, nurture it, and refuse to let it go. So, today on the 4:13, author Laurie Davies explains how unresolved emotions can quietly affect our relationships, our spiritual lives, and even our physical health. She unpacks the hidden dangers of holding on to emotions like worry, regret, dread, and bitterness—and why they can become so familiar that we don't even recognize their hold on us. But Laurie doesn't just help you identify the clutter. She'll show you how to clear it! You'll learn how to uncover the root of what's keeping you stuck, process those harmful emotions instead of possessing them, and get on the path to freedom.  It's time to toss out the emotional weight that adds no value to your life and move from hoarding to healing. SHOW NOTES: 413Podcast.com/410  Read the episode TRANSCRIPT in the show notes. Get my weekly email, Java with Jennifer, to be notified when a new podcast episode releases. Subscribe HERE.

After years of encouraging families through counseling, conferences, and conversations on BaseCamp Live, Keith McCurdy's long-awaited book, Raising Sturdy Kids, has finally arrived. In this episode, Davies and Keith celebrate the book's release while exploring the foundational principles behind it. Rather than focusing on quick parenting fixes, Keith explains why healthy struggle, responsibility, and service are essential for helping children grow into capable, resilient adults. Together they discuss why modern parenting often prioritizes comfort over character, how children move from consumers to contributors, and why it's never too late to strengthen the foundations of your family. Tune in to hear: Why healthy struggle is one of the greatest gifts parents can give their children The importance of moving kids from consumers to contributors How responsibility and service build maturity and resilience Why parenting is about raising future adults - not simply happy children Encouragement for parents who feel they've already made mistakes The story behind Keith's new book and why he finally decided to write it Whether you're parenting toddlers, teenagers, or adult children, this conversation offers practical encouragement and timeless wisdom for raising children who are prepared not just for school, but for life. Special Thanks to our partners who make BaseCamp Live possible: Wisdom and EloquenceThe Herzog FoundationLife ArchitectsWisephone by TechlessZipCastWilson Hill Academy Stay tuned for more enlightening discussions on classical Christian education, and join us next time on BaseCamp Live! Remember to subscribe, leave us a review, and reach out to us at info@basecamplive.comDon't forget to visit basecamplive.com for more info and past episodes.

Ramessid Daily Life (Part 2). Why did a tomb-builder skip work for “drinking with Khonsu”? Why was Parahotep never invited to parties? And what did it mean if you dreamed about drinking wine? Records from Deir el-Medina, in the reign of Ramesses II, illuminate aspects of daily life and the concerns of ordinary folks. In this episode, we explore the Absentee List (Ostracon EA 5634) and the Dream Book of Qen-her-khopeshef (Papyrus Chester Beatty III). Support the show at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast to get extended episodes, bonus video content, and much more. Follow our YouTube channel @historyegyptpodcast Episode References Černý, J. (2001). A Community of Workmen at Thebes in the Ramesside Period (2nd edn). Davies, B. G. (1999). Who's Who at Deir el-Medina: A Prosopographic Study of the Royal Workmen's Community. https://www.nino-leiden.nl/publication/whos-who-at-deir-el-medina Davies, B. G. (2018). Life Within the Five Walls: A Handbook to Deir el-Medina. Donker van Heel, K. (2016). Mrs. Naunakhte & Family: The Women of Ramesside Deir el-Medina. Edwards, I. E. S. (1968). Ḳenḥikhopshef's Prophylactic Charm. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 54, 155--160. https://doi.org/10.2307/3855919 Gardiner, A. H. (1935). Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum, Third Series: Chester Beatty Gift (Vols. 1–2). Janssen, Jac. J. (1980). Absence from work by the necropolis workmen of Thebes. Studien Zur Altägyptischen Kultur, 8, 127--152. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25150069.pdf Szpakowska, K. M. (2003). Behind Closed Eyes: Dreams and Nightmares in Ancient Egypt. Wente, E. F. (1990). Letters from Ancient Egypt. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

TSN Host James Duthie joined OverDrive to discuss Canada and Morocco's match in the Round of 16 in the FIFA World Cup, the excitement for the nation for the game, how Canada will match up against Morocco, Alphonso Davies' status, the atmosphere for the squad and more.

Misha Glenny and guests discuss the earliest evidence we have of the existence of trees and how even plants we might have on windowsills or as vegetables in gardens can and do, in the right conditions, evolve into trees. Since their emergence around 400 million years ago after low lying plants started to develop stronger stems and grow taller and more upright, trees have transformed our planet, so creating ecosystems, altering the atmosphere and setting the stage for the world as we know it today. With Jenny McElwain 1711 Chair of Botany at Trinity College Dublin and Director of Trinity Botanic GardensChristopher Berry Senior Lecturer in Earth and Environmental Sciences at Cardiff UniversityAndBill Baker Senior Researcher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, KewProduced by Conor GarrettReading list:David Beerling: The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History (Oxford University Press, 2008)C.M. Berry, ‘Palaeobotany: The Rise of the Earth's Early Forests' (Current Biology 29, 2019)Christopher M. Berry and John E.A. Marshall, ‘Lycopsid forests in the early Late Devonian paleoequatorial zone of Svalbard' (Geology 43:12, 2015)N.S. Davies, W.J. McMahon and C.M. Berry, ‘Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England' (J. Geol. Soc. 181, 2024)P. Geisen and C.M. Berry, ‘Reconstruction and Growth of the Early Tree Calamophyton (Pseudosporochnales, Cladoxylopsida) Based on Exceptionally Complete Specimens from Lindlar, Germany (Mid-Devonian): Organic Connection of Calamophyton Branches and Duisbergia Trunks' (International Journal of Plant Sciences 174 (4), 2013) A. Groover and Q. Cronk (eds), Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees: Plant Genetics and Genomics (Crops and Models, vol 21. Springer, 2017), especially ‘The Evolution of Angiosperm Trees: From Palaeobotany to Genomics' by Q.C.B. Cronk and F. ForestJennifer McElwain, Marlene Hill Donnelly, and Ian Glasspool, Tropical Arctic: Lost Plants, Future Climates, and the Discovery of Ancient Greenland (University of Chicago Press, 2021)Harriet Rix, The Genius of Trees: How Trees Mastered the Elements and Shaped the World (Vintage, 2026)W.E. Stein et al., ‘Mid-Devonian Archaeopteris roots signal revolutionary change in earliest fossil forests' (Current biology, 30:3, 2020) pp.421-431William E. Stein, Christopher Mark Berry, Linda VanAller Hernick and Frank Mannolini ‘Surprisingly complex community discovered in the mid-Devonian fossil forest at Gilboa' (Nature 483, 7387, 2012) Max Telford, The Tree of Life: Solving Science's Greatest Puzzle (John Murray, 2026)K.J. Willis, J.C. McElwain, The Evolution of Plants (Oxford University Press, 2014)James Woodford, The Wollemi Pine: The Incredible Discovery of a Living Fossil from the Age of the Dinosaurs (The Text Publishing Company, 2005)Alexandre R. Zuntini et al, ‘Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms' (Nature vol. 629, April 2024) Spanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.

What if the emotions you've been carrying for years are keeping you from living fully? In this episode, host Ginny Yurich sits down with author Laurie Davies to explore the powerful concept of emotional hoarding - the tendency to stuff away worry, regret, guilt, anger, bitterness, shame, and other difficult emotions until they begin to shape how we live. Laurie shares deeply personal stories from her own life, including childhood trauma, career mistakes, and painful family relationships, to illustrate how emotional clutter accumulates and, more importantly, how we can begin clearing it away. Together, they discuss why most of our worries never come true, how to distinguish real guilt from false guilt, why forgiveness is one of the hardest, and most freeing, choices we can make - and how grace has the power to transform regret. Throughout the conversation, they weave together practical wisdom, neuroscience, personal experience, and biblical truth to offer hope for anyone feeling weighed down by life's emotional burdens. Whether you're wrestling with anxiety, carrying old wounds, struggling with anger, or simply longing for more emotional freedom, this conversation offers encouragement and practical steps toward living lighter. Get a copy of Laurie's book here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brian and Dr. Hogan Sherrow return to The Bigfoot Inquiry after some time away, opening the conversation with a more personal tone as Hogan reflects on the recent loss of his brother and Brian catches listeners up on travel, book signings, and community events. Brian shares stories from a successful two-day appearance at the Expedition Bigfoot Museum in Blue Ridge, Georgia, along with a free Bigfoot town hall in Lenoir, North Carolina that drew a crowd of fifty people and sparked bigger ideas for future gatherings, including the possibility of more public events and even a festival. Hogan also points listeners toward the Southern Oregon Bigfoot Experience in Cave Junction as another example of the community continuing to grow beyond the usual online debates.From there, the episode moves into stranger territory as Brian and Hogan revisit Brian's recent interview with explorer Adam Davies, including Davies's account of a portal and red-eyed entities. That discussion opens the door to a broader debate over habituation claims, extraordinary encounters, and how researchers should respond when stories include cloaking, telepathy, shapeshifting, and other claims that push far beyond ordinary Bigfoot reports.Brian reads through a message from “Kevin,” who invites him to a property in Morganton and describes a series of experiences that raise both curiosity and concern. Hogan urges caution, grounding the conversation in the idea that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, especially when an invitation involves unknown people, private property, and claims that cannot be easily tested.The most personal part of the episode comes when Hogan shares a story from his own family. His brother believed he had seen something Dogman-like in the woods on the family farm late at night, describing glowing eyes and a presence that left a lasting impression on him.Hogan approaches the account with care, balancing respect for his brother's experience with the fact that no physical evidence was ever recovered. It becomes a conversation not just about Dogman, Bigfoot, and the unexplained, but about grief, memory, family stories, and the challenge of taking strange claims seriously without abandoning critical thinking.Brian also talks about Backwoods Bigfoot Stories, his audiobook-style narration work, and what listeners can expect from upcoming episodes, including a future discussion on cherry-picked facts, Missing 411, and the way selective storytelling can shape belief. Listen To Backwoods Bigfoot Stories Email BrianJoin Our FREE NewsletterGet Brian's Books Leave Us A VoicemailVisit Our WebsiteBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/sasquatch-odyssey--4839697/support.Have you had a Bigfoot encounter, Sasquatch sighting, Dogman experience, or other cryptid or paranormal encounter? We'd love to hear your story. Email brian@paranormalworldproductions.com to be featured on a future episode of Sasquatch Odyssey.Sasquatch Odyssey is a leading Bigfoot and cryptid podcast exploring real encounters, field research, and scientific analysis of the Sasquatch phenomenon.Follow the show and turn on automatic downloads so you never miss an episode.

What exactly is Classical Christian Education? Ask ten people, and you might get ten different answers. Is it about Latin? The Great Books? The Trivium? Character formation? Academic excellence? In this foundational episode of our series, What is Classical Christian Education?, Davies Owens sits down with one of the pioneers of the modern classical movement, Dr. Robert Littlejohn, to answer that very question. Drawing from more than three decades of experience founding schools, training educators, and shaping the movement itself, Dr. Littlejohn explains why Classical Christian Education is far more than an educational method. It's a timeless approach to forming wise, articulate, faithful young men and women who are prepared not just for college or careers—but for life. Together, Davies and Robert explore why this centuries-old model may be exactly what families need in today's rapidly changing world. Tune in to hear: Why Classical Christian Education continues to grow around the world The surprising story that convinced Robert Littlejohn to start a classical school Why challenge—not ease—often produces joy in learning What makes a classical education different from simply adding Bible classes to a modern curriculum Why subjects like Latin and logic still matter today How classical schools cultivate "sticky faith" that endures into adulthood Why the Great Books remain relevant in every generation How timeless wisdom prepares students for a rapidly changing technological world To receive a free copy of Robert's book Wisdom and Eloquence for Parents for a limited time go to www.WisdomAndEloquence.org, and click on “Contact” to fill out your information for the free book. Whether you're exploring Classical Christian Education for the first time or have been part of the movement for years, this conversation offers a compelling vision for educating children with both wisdom and hope. Special Thanks to our partners who make BaseCamp Live possible: Wisdom and EloquenceThe Herzog FoundationLife ArchitectsWisephone by TechlessZipCastWilson Hill Academy Stay tuned for more enlightening discussions on classical Christian education, and join us next time on BaseCamp Live! Remember to subscribe, leave us a review, and reach out to us at info@basecamplive.comDon't forget to visit basecamplive.com for more info and past episodes.

In this episode of Sasquatch Odyssey, Brian welcomes author, explorer, and cryptozoology researcher Adam Davies for a wide-ranging conversation about Bigfoot, strange creatures, and the deeper mysteries that may surround unexplained encounters in the wilderness. Adam shares how childhood loss, a serious leg injury, and a lifelong drive to explore the unknown pushed him toward cryptozoology and into some of the most remote and dangerous places on earth in search of creatures that science has yet to fully explain.Adam traces the beginning of his North American Bigfoot research to his work with Dr. Jeffrey Meldrum and discusses the investigations that followed across the United States, including powerful experiences in Washington State involving wood knocks, roars, unexplained laughter in the woods, and the controversial campfire photo that continues to spark debate. He also reflects on time spent in the field with researchers including Brian Sykes, Russell Acord, and Thomas Stewart, while offering a candid look at the strengths, weaknesses, and frustrations within modern Bigfoot research.The conversation takes a much stranger turn as Adam recounts a disturbing multi-night experience at Matthew Johnson's habituation site, where he says he witnessed a beam of light, a red mist, and small black red-eyed entities that appeared to move through or emerge from something he could only interpret as interdimensional. Brian and Adam dig into the uneasy overlap between Bigfoot reports, portal claims, strange lights, red-eyed creatures, and the limits of what witnesses are willing to say publicly.Adam also challenges parts of the habituation community, especially claims that rely on extraordinary stories without hard evidence, while discussing cognitive priming, witness underreporting, and why many people stay silent after seeing something they cannot easily explain. He also shares updates on his work with Relic Films, including a dramatic Land Between the Lakes encounter, along with projects like The Vanished and The Awakened. The episode closes with a look at Adam's books and his upcoming nonfiction release, Ghosts and Beasts, which explores the unsettling territory where cryptids, folklore, and paranormal experiences collide.This is a must-listen conversation for anyone interested in Bigfoot, cryptozoology, red-eyed entities, wilderness mysteries, portals, strange mist, and the cases that sit just beyond the edge of conventional explanation.Relic Films YouTube Channel Get Adam's Books Email BrianJoin Our FREE NewsletterGet Brian's Books Leave Us A VoicemailVisit Our WebsiteBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/sasquatch-odyssey--4839697/support.Have you had a Bigfoot encounter, Sasquatch sighting, Dogman experience, or other cryptid or paranormal encounter? We'd love to hear your story. Email brian@paranormalworldproductions.com to be featured on a future episode of Sasquatch Odyssey.Sasquatch Odyssey is a leading Bigfoot and cryptid podcast exploring real encounters, field research, and scientific analysis of the Sasquatch phenomenon.Follow the show and turn on automatic downloads so you never miss an episode.

At the Hay Festival, Misha Glenny and guests discuss the impact of the Norman invasion on the people and land of Wales and across the modern border with England in what became known as The Welsh Marches, march being a term for a militarized borderland. Hay was one of the first Marcher lordships. Even before 1066, William the Conqueror knew that he would have to subdue the Welsh if he were to control the English and he allowed more and more Norman warlords to establish virtually their own private kingdoms in these Marches. Later some of the Lords were to use these bases to invade Ireland rather than conquer the rest of Wales. Marcher Lords built numerous castles such as the one at Hay and many new towns would then grow up alongside these where there was one law for the English and another for the Welsh and, though the Acts of Union under the Tudors brought an end to much of the Marcher Lords' powers, the distinct identity of these Welsh Marches continued.With Rhun Emlyn Lecturer in the Department of History and Welsh History at Aberystwyth UniversityHelen Fulton Professor of Medieval Literature at the University of BristolAnd Huw Pryce Emeritus Professor of Welsh History at Bangor UniversityProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063-1415 (Oxford University Press, 2001)R.R. Davies, Lordship and Society in the March of Wales 1282-1400 (Oxford University Press, 1978)John Fleming, The Welsh Marcher Lordships II: South-West (Logaston Press, 2023)Ben Giles, The Welsh Marches: 40 Town and Country Walks (Pocket Mountains, 2012)Philip Hume, The Welsh Marcher Lordships I: Central & North (Logaston Press, 2021)Max Lieberman, The March of Wales, 1067–1300: A Borderland of Medieval Britain (University of Wales Press, 2018)Max Lieberman, The Medieval March of Wales: The Creation and Perception of a Frontier, 1066-1283 (Cambridge University Press, 2010)D. Huw Owen, The Lordship of Denbigh 1282-1543 (University of Wales Press, 2024)Mike Parker, All the Wide Border: Wales, England and the Places Between (HarperNorth, 2024)Dewi Roberts, Both Sides of the Border: An Anthology of Writing on the Welsh Border Region (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch/Eagle Rock Press, 1998)Christopher Somerville, The Welsh Borders (Philips, 1991)David Stephenson, Patronage and Power in the Medieval Welsh March: One Family's Story (University of Wales Press, 2021)David Walker, Medieval Wales (Cambridge University Press, 2008)In Our Time is a BBC Studios ProductionSpanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.

At the Hay Festival, Misha Glenny and guests discuss the impact of the Norman invasion on the people and land of Wales and across the modern border with England in what became known as The Welsh Marches, march being a term for a militarized borderland. Hay was one of the first Marcher lordships. Even before 1066, William the Conqueror knew that he would have to subdue the Welsh if he were to control the English and he allowed more and more Norman warlords to establish virtually their own private kingdoms in these Marches. Later some of the Lords were to use these bases to invade Ireland rather than conquer the rest of Wales. Marcher Lords built numerous castles such as the one at Hay and many new towns would then grow up alongside these where there was one law for the English and another for the Welsh and, though the Acts of Union under the Tudors brought an end to much of the Marcher Lords' powers, the distinct identity of these Welsh Marches continued.With Rhun Emlyn Lecturer in the Department of History and Welsh History at Aberystwyth UniversityHelen Fulton Professor of Medieval Literature at the University of BristolAnd Huw Pryce Emeritus Professor of Welsh History at Bangor UniversityProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063-1415 (Oxford University Press, 2001)R.R. Davies, Lordship and Society in the March of Wales 1282-1400 (Oxford University Press, 1978)John Fleming, The Welsh Marcher Lordships II: South-West (Logaston Press, 2023)Ben Giles, The Welsh Marches: 40 Town and Country Walks (Pocket Mountains, 2012)Philip Hume, The Welsh Marcher Lordships I: Central & North (Logaston Press, 2021)Max Lieberman, The March of Wales, 1067–1300: A Borderland of Medieval Britain (University of Wales Press, 2018)Max Lieberman, The Medieval March of Wales: The Creation and Perception of a Frontier, 1066-1283 (Cambridge University Press, 2010)D. Huw Owen, The Lordship of Denbigh 1282-1543 (University of Wales Press, 2024)Mike Parker, All the Wide Border: Wales, England and the Places Between (HarperNorth, 2024)Dewi Roberts, Both Sides of the Border: An Anthology of Writing on the Welsh Border Region (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch/Eagle Rock Press, 1998)Christopher Somerville, The Welsh Borders (Philips, 1991)David Stephenson, Patronage and Power in the Medieval Welsh March: One Family's Story (University of Wales Press, 2021)David Walker, Medieval Wales (Cambridge University Press, 2008)In Our Time is a BBC Studios ProductionSpanning history, religion, culture, science and philosophy, In Our Time from BBC Radio 4 is essential listening for the intellectually curious. In each episode, host Misha Glenny and expert guests explore the characters, events and discoveries that have shaped our world.

How does Ramesses II stack up to his predecessors? Why did ancient writers connect him with the Trojan War? In this episode we explore tales of Ramesses, told in antiquity, and consider his legacy in the modern world. Music: Keith Zizza and Luke Chaos. Bibliography Brand, P. (2010a). Reuse and Restoration. In W. Wendrich (Ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6065d Brand, P. (2010b). Usurpation of Monuments. In W. Wendrich (Ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gj996k5 Brand, P. J. (2023). Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh. Breasted, J. H. (1912). A History of Egypt. Bunsen, C. C. J. von. (1848). Egypt's place in universal history: An historical investigation in five books (C. H. Cottrell, Trans.; Vols. 1–5). https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015050932519 Cooney, K. M. (2022). The New Kingdom of Egypt Under the Ramesside Dynasty. In D. T. Potts, N. Moeller, & K. Radner (Eds.), The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, Volume III: From the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC (pp. 251--366). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687601.003.0027 Davies, B. G. (1997). Egyptian Historical Inscriptions of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Edwards, A. B. (1899). A Thousand Miles up the Nile (2nd edn). https://archive.org/details/thousandmilesupn0000edwa_e0y7/page/n9/mode/2up Kelly, B. (2010). Tacitus, Germanicus and the Kings of Egypt (tac. Ann. 2.59–61). The Classical Quarterly, 60(1), 221–237. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40984750 Kitchen, K. A. (1982). Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt. Lietzelman, H. (2014). Pharaonism: Decolonizing Historical Identity. Prized Writing 2014-2015, 46–51. Neville, J. W. (1977). Herodotus on the Trojan War. Greece & Rome, 24(1), 3–12. https://www.jstor.org/stable/642683 Said, S. (2012). 2 Herodotus and the ‘Myth' of the Trojan War. In E. Baragwanath & M. de Bakker (Eds.), Myth, Truth, and Narrative in Herodotus (pp. 87--106). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693979.003.0003 Sourouzian, H. (1988). Standing Royal Colossi of the Middle Kingdom Reused by Ramesses II. Mitteilungen Des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, 44, 229--254. Sourouzian, H. (2019a). Catalogue de la statuaire royale de la XIXe dynastie [Database]. https://www.ifao.egnet.net/bases/publications/bietud177/ Sourouzian, H. (2019b). Catalogue de la statuaire royale de la XIXe dynastie. https://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/catalogue/9782724707571/ Tyldesley, J. (2001). Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh. Wilkinson, T. (2023). Ramesses the Great: Egypt's King of Kings. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1977, a calm, otherworldly voice broke into the British evening news across five transmitters at once, identified itself as an alien envoy, and warned humanity to abandon nuclear weapons before time ran out. Was it a hoax, or first contact?EPISODE BLOG PAGE (includes sources): https://weirddarkness.com/AlienVoicesOnTVAndRadioREAD or DOWNLOAD the full transcript of this episode: https://weirddarkness.tiny.us/mrxcfak4FEATURED STORIES IN THIS EPISODE: While scientists at SETI are continually monitoring for extraterrestrial contact from the cosmos, ordinary people are already hearing from them – via radio and television. (Aliens Voices Over Radio and Television) *** 
The death of a Hollywood movie producer is still unsolved – and his spirit on the lot is still at unrest. (The Mysterious Death of Thomas Ince) *** A family moves into a new home, and it's not long before they begin hearing strange sounds coming from the home bar in their living room. (Something In That Part of the House) *** In years past, baby boys were dressed in pink. So why the change to the color blue for boys? The answer is a dark one. (Baby Blues) *** In just 30 seconds, 30 rounds were fired when the tension between a crew of thieving cowboys and vigilante lawmen came to an explosive head in the frontier town of Tombstone, Arizona. (The True Story Behind the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral)CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate)…00:00:00.000 = Klaatu's speech from “The Day The Earth Stood Still” (1951)00:02:45.959 = Show Open00:04:39.005 = Alien Voices Over Radio And Television00:16:13.874 = The Mysterious Death of Thomas Ince and the Haunting of Culver Studios00:33:04.222 = Something in That Part of the House ***00:39:31.873 = Baby Blues00:45:22.653 = The True Story Behind the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral ***00:54:32.710 = Show Close*** = Begins immediately after inserted ad breakLISTEN ON PODCAST APPS: Look for this podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeart Radio, Amazon Music, Pandora, TuneIn Radio, and other podcast apps. Get a list of free listening apps here: https://weirddarkness.com/wdapps*No AI Voices Are Used In The Narration Of This Podcast*SOURCES and RESOURCES:“The True Story Behind the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral” by Mark Oliver: http://ow.ly/RmAm30oaHWt“The Mysterious Death of Thomas Ince” by Troy Taylor: http://ow.ly/WVUu30oaHvS“Something In That Part of the House” by Haven: http://ow.ly/qMeU30oaHxn“Baby Blues” by Conny Waters: http://ow.ly/zcGj30oaI32“Alien Voices Over Radio and Television” posted at the Conspiracy Journal: https://tinyurl.com/y2ht47pt“Klaatu's Speech From ‘The Day The Earth Stood Still'”: (link no longer available)(Over time links may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2026, Weird Darkness.Originally aired: November, 2021Weird Darkness moves across five unsettling true tales — alleged alien voices breaking into broadcast signals, the unexplained death of a Hollywood pioneer, a possessed home bar in Mexico, the superstitious roots of dressing infant boys in blue, and the bloody thirty seconds behind the O.K. Corral.It opens with the alleged extraterrestrial transmissions that have arrived through ordinary radios and televisions rather than from deep space. On November 26, 1977, at 5:12 PM, a deep, water-logged voice overrode five Southern Television transmitters across southern England, speaking over news reader Ivor Mills for five and a half minutes; the voice named itself Gramaha — also transcribed as Vrillon, Gillon, or Glon — a representative of the Ashtar Galactic Command, and warned humanity to abandon nuclear energy before the dawning New Age of Aquarius. The Independent Broadcasting Authority never logged the interruption and could not explain how its instant switch-off monitoring was bypassed. Years earlier, in July 1961, an eighteen-year-old ham radio operator named Robert P. Renaud had picked up a soft feminine voice high in the 25-meter band claiming to broadcast from a planet called Korendor, eventually trading images on his television's vidicon tube with a contact named Lin-Erri, an episode investigator Allen Griese found oddly free of showmanship or profit. A decade after Renaud, in January 1971, British UFO researcher Rex Dutta took a call on a radio talk show from a voice that registered no echo, no feedback, and no movement on the station's VU meter.From there the episode crosses to November 1924 and the death of Thomas Ince, the producer who founded Culver Studios in 1918 and earned the title Father of the Western. Ince died days after celebrating his birthday aboard William Randolph Hearst's yacht, the Oneida, on a weekend cruise to San Diego that also carried actress Marion Davies and, by rumor, Charlie Chaplin. The official account blamed acute indigestion, but Hollywood whispered that Hearst, jealous over Davies, fired a diamond-studded revolver in the dark and put a bullet meant for Chaplin into Ince's head instead. The body was cremated, no inquest was held, San Diego district attorney Chester Kemply closed the case after a single session, and gossip columnist Louella Parsons soon received a lifetime Hearst contract. Decades later, workers at Culver Studios reported a man in a bowler-type hat watching them from the catwalks during 1988 renovations, frowning, declaring that he disliked what they were doing to his studio, and walking through a wall.Next comes a listener's account of a house in Mexico, bought by the family about twenty years earlier, where a heavy tavern-style wooden bar in the living room became the source of growling, clinking glassware, and slamming cabinet doors that sounded like two animals fighting inside an empty cupboard. The housekeeper, Letty, threw the cabinet open to find nothing disturbed. Weeks later the mother and Letty dug up jars in the front yard containing rag dolls pierced with pins, buried directly on the other side of the wall behind the bar. A framed mirror reading BAR shattered at three in the morning during a housewarming party, a barred window slid open on its own after being latched, and a photograph of a single bar stool showed a clear horned, devil-like face the family begged to have deleted. Letty, it turned out, was a bruja — a witch.Color superstition drives the next story: infant boys, dressed in blue today, were once dressed in pink, and a June 1918 article in the trade journal Earnshaw's Infants' Department called pink the stronger, more decided color suited to boys and blue the daintier choice for girls. The return to blue revived a far older practice, since the ancient Egyptians and Greeks regarded blue as divine and used it to repel evil spirits, dressing pharaohs in it and, as author Douglas B. Smith recounts, painting nurseries to keep satanic spirits from slipping into young children's bodies. Boys received that protection because they were valued above girls, who were thought too unimportant for evil spirits to trouble. The same fear survives in the Evil Eye and in protective amulets like the Hamsa and the Turkish Nazar, hung in homes and cars and worked into jewelry across the Balkans and the Middle East.The episode closes behind the O.K. Corral on October 26, 1881, where thirty rounds were fired in roughly thirty seconds. Tombstone, Arizona had been founded in 1877 by prospector Ed Schieffelin, who struck a silver vein worth more than thirty-seven million dollars after being warned that all he would find out there was his own tombstone. Wyatt, Virgil, Morgan, and James Earp, joined by the gun-slinging ex-dentist Doc Holliday, clashed with the Cochise County Cowboys, a feud that hardened after Curly Bill Brocius accidentally killed city marshal Fred White in 1880 and Virgil took the post. The gunfight left Frank McLaury, Tom McLaury, and nineteen-year-old Billy Clanton dead while Ike Clanton and Billy Claiborne fled, and Judge Wells Spicer afterward released the Earps as having committed an unwise but not criminal act. The reckoning continued past the verdict, with Virgil shotgunned in the back, Morgan assassinated over a game of pool in a plot tied to Ike Clanton, and Wyatt Earp drifting west until his death in California in 1929 at the age of eighty.