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Between the 1860s and the early 1920s, more than two million Jews moved from Eastern Europe to the United States while smaller groups moved to other destinations, such as Western Europe, Palestine, and South Africa. During and after the First World War hundreds of thousands of Jews were permanently displaced across Eastern Europe. Migration restrictions that were imposed after 1914, especially in the United States, prevented most from reaching safe havens, and an unknown but substantial number of Jews perished during the Holocaust-as they had been displaced in Eastern Europe years before they were deported to ghettos and killing sites. Even after the Holocaust, tens of thousands of Jewish survivors were stranded in permanent transit for many years.Between Borders: The Great Jewish Migration from Eastern Europe tells and contextualizes the stories of these Jewish migrants and refugees before and after the First World War. It explains how immigration laws in countries such as the United States influenced migration routes around the world. Using memoirs, letters, and accounts by investigative journalists and Jewish aid workers, Tobias Brinkmann sheds light on the experiences of individual migrants, some of whom laid the foundation for migration and refugee studies as a field of scholarship, even coining terms such as "displaced person," and contributing to its legal definition at the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. The stories of these migrants and refugees were used to propose a new future for the United States, reimagining it as a pluralistic society-one comprised of immigrants. Tobias Brinkmann is Malvin and Lea Bank Associate Professor of Jewish Studies and History at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Sundays at Sinai: A Jewish Congregation in Chicago. Geraldine Gudefin is a French-born modern Jewish historian researching Jewish family life, legal pluralism, and the migration experiences of Jews in France and the United States. She is currently a research fellow at the Hebrew University's Avraham Harman Research Institute of Contemporary Jewry, and is completing a book titled An Impossible Divorce? East European Jews and the Limits of Legal Pluralism in France, 1900-1939. https://huji.academia.edu/GeraldineGudefin * Mentioned in the podcast: Mary Antin, From Plotzk to Boston (Boston: W. B. Clarke, 1899). Abraham Cahan, Bleter fun mein Lebn (New York: Forverts, 1926-1931). Todd Endelman, Leaving the Jewish Fold: Conversion and Radical Assimilation in Modern Jewish History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016). Semion Goldin, The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914-17: Libel, Persecution, Reaction (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Bernard Horwich, My First Eighty Years (Chicago: Argus Books, 1939). John D. Klier, Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Eugene Kulischer, Jewish Migrations: Past Experiences and Post- War Prospects (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1943). Eugene Kulischer, Europe on the Move: War and Population Changes, 1917-1947 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1948). Joel Perlmann, America Classifies the Immigrants: From Ellis Island to the 2020 Census (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018). David Rechter, The Jews of Vienna and the First World War (Oxford: Littman, 2001). Mark Wischnitzer, To Dwell in Safety: The Story of Jewish Migration since 1800 (Philadelphia: JPS, 1948). Polly Zavadivker, A Nation of Refugees: Russia's Jews in World War I (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024). 1921 cartoons in YIVO Library collection: “Nowhere Can One Set a Foot Down” and “If the statue of liberty were a living person.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Between the 1860s and the early 1920s, more than two million Jews moved from Eastern Europe to the United States while smaller groups moved to other destinations, such as Western Europe, Palestine, and South Africa. During and after the First World War hundreds of thousands of Jews were permanently displaced across Eastern Europe. Migration restrictions that were imposed after 1914, especially in the United States, prevented most from reaching safe havens, and an unknown but substantial number of Jews perished during the Holocaust-as they had been displaced in Eastern Europe years before they were deported to ghettos and killing sites. Even after the Holocaust, tens of thousands of Jewish survivors were stranded in permanent transit for many years.Between Borders: The Great Jewish Migration from Eastern Europe tells and contextualizes the stories of these Jewish migrants and refugees before and after the First World War. It explains how immigration laws in countries such as the United States influenced migration routes around the world. Using memoirs, letters, and accounts by investigative journalists and Jewish aid workers, Tobias Brinkmann sheds light on the experiences of individual migrants, some of whom laid the foundation for migration and refugee studies as a field of scholarship, even coining terms such as "displaced person," and contributing to its legal definition at the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. The stories of these migrants and refugees were used to propose a new future for the United States, reimagining it as a pluralistic society-one comprised of immigrants. Tobias Brinkmann is Malvin and Lea Bank Associate Professor of Jewish Studies and History at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Sundays at Sinai: A Jewish Congregation in Chicago. Geraldine Gudefin is a French-born modern Jewish historian researching Jewish family life, legal pluralism, and the migration experiences of Jews in France and the United States. She is currently a research fellow at the Hebrew University's Avraham Harman Research Institute of Contemporary Jewry, and is completing a book titled An Impossible Divorce? East European Jews and the Limits of Legal Pluralism in France, 1900-1939. https://huji.academia.edu/GeraldineGudefin * Mentioned in the podcast: Mary Antin, From Plotzk to Boston (Boston: W. B. Clarke, 1899). Abraham Cahan, Bleter fun mein Lebn (New York: Forverts, 1926-1931). Todd Endelman, Leaving the Jewish Fold: Conversion and Radical Assimilation in Modern Jewish History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016). Semion Goldin, The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914-17: Libel, Persecution, Reaction (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Bernard Horwich, My First Eighty Years (Chicago: Argus Books, 1939). John D. Klier, Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Eugene Kulischer, Jewish Migrations: Past Experiences and Post- War Prospects (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1943). Eugene Kulischer, Europe on the Move: War and Population Changes, 1917-1947 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1948). Joel Perlmann, America Classifies the Immigrants: From Ellis Island to the 2020 Census (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018). David Rechter, The Jews of Vienna and the First World War (Oxford: Littman, 2001). Mark Wischnitzer, To Dwell in Safety: The Story of Jewish Migration since 1800 (Philadelphia: JPS, 1948). Polly Zavadivker, A Nation of Refugees: Russia's Jews in World War I (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024). 1921 cartoons in YIVO Library collection: “Nowhere Can One Set a Foot Down” and “If the statue of liberty were a living person.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

Between the 1860s and the early 1920s, more than two million Jews moved from Eastern Europe to the United States while smaller groups moved to other destinations, such as Western Europe, Palestine, and South Africa. During and after the First World War hundreds of thousands of Jews were permanently displaced across Eastern Europe. Migration restrictions that were imposed after 1914, especially in the United States, prevented most from reaching safe havens, and an unknown but substantial number of Jews perished during the Holocaust-as they had been displaced in Eastern Europe years before they were deported to ghettos and killing sites. Even after the Holocaust, tens of thousands of Jewish survivors were stranded in permanent transit for many years.Between Borders: The Great Jewish Migration from Eastern Europe tells and contextualizes the stories of these Jewish migrants and refugees before and after the First World War. It explains how immigration laws in countries such as the United States influenced migration routes around the world. Using memoirs, letters, and accounts by investigative journalists and Jewish aid workers, Tobias Brinkmann sheds light on the experiences of individual migrants, some of whom laid the foundation for migration and refugee studies as a field of scholarship, even coining terms such as "displaced person," and contributing to its legal definition at the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention. The stories of these migrants and refugees were used to propose a new future for the United States, reimagining it as a pluralistic society-one comprised of immigrants. Tobias Brinkmann is Malvin and Lea Bank Associate Professor of Jewish Studies and History at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Sundays at Sinai: A Jewish Congregation in Chicago. Geraldine Gudefin is a French-born modern Jewish historian researching Jewish family life, legal pluralism, and the migration experiences of Jews in France and the United States. She is currently a research fellow at the Hebrew University's Avraham Harman Research Institute of Contemporary Jewry, and is completing a book titled An Impossible Divorce? East European Jews and the Limits of Legal Pluralism in France, 1900-1939. https://huji.academia.edu/GeraldineGudefin * Mentioned in the podcast: Mary Antin, From Plotzk to Boston (Boston: W. B. Clarke, 1899). Abraham Cahan, Bleter fun mein Lebn (New York: Forverts, 1926-1931). Todd Endelman, Leaving the Jewish Fold: Conversion and Radical Assimilation in Modern Jewish History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016). Semion Goldin, The Russian Army and the Jewish Population, 1914-17: Libel, Persecution, Reaction (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022). Bernard Horwich, My First Eighty Years (Chicago: Argus Books, 1939). John D. Klier, Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). Eugene Kulischer, Jewish Migrations: Past Experiences and Post- War Prospects (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1943). Eugene Kulischer, Europe on the Move: War and Population Changes, 1917-1947 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1948). Joel Perlmann, America Classifies the Immigrants: From Ellis Island to the 2020 Census (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018). David Rechter, The Jews of Vienna and the First World War (Oxford: Littman, 2001). Mark Wischnitzer, To Dwell in Safety: The Story of Jewish Migration since 1800 (Philadelphia: JPS, 1948). Polly Zavadivker, A Nation of Refugees: Russia's Jews in World War I (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024). 1921 cartoons in YIVO Library collection: “Nowhere Can One Set a Foot Down” and “If the statue of liberty were a living person.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Bright on Buddhism - Episode 114 - What is the role of visions and dreams in Buddhism? What are some visions and dreams that Buddhists have had? How ought we understand them? (How are they different from imagining a thing?)References: Andrews, Allan A. The Teachings Essential for Rebirth: A study of Genshin's Ōjōyōshū. Monumenta Nipponica, Sophia University, 1973.; Horton, Sarah (2004). The Influence of the Ōjōyōshū in Late Tenth- and Early Eleventh-Century Japan, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 31 (1), 29-54; Rhodes, Robert F. (2007). Ōjōyōshū, Nihon Ōjō Gokuraku-ki, and the Construction of Pure Land Discourse in Heian Japan, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 34 (2), 249-270; Rhodes, Robert F. (2001). Some Problems concerning Genshin's Biographies, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 50 (1), 514-511; Rhodes, Robert F. (2017). Genshin's Ōjōyōshū and the Construction of Pure Land Discourse in Heian Japan (Pure Land Buddhist Studies). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0824872489.; Ishida, Mizumaro (1970). Nihon Shisō Taikei 6: Genshin (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4000700065.; Kubota, Jun (2007). Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten [Iwanami Dictionary of Japanese Classical Literature] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 978-4-00-080310-6. OCLC 122941872.; Muller, A. Charles (1998). "East Asian Apocryphal Scriptures: Their Origin and Role in the Development of Sinitic Buddhism". Bulletin of Toyo Gakuen University. 6: 63–76. Archived from the original on 2013-03-17.; Silk, Jonathan A. (April 1997). "The Composition of the 'Guanwuliangshoufo-jing': Some Buddhist and Jaina Parallels to its Narrative Frame". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 25 (2): 181–256. doi:10.1023/A:1004291223455. JSTOR 23448579. S2CID 169187184.; Buswell, Robert Jr; Lopez, Donald S. Jr., eds. (2013). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691157863.; Hakeda, Yoshito S., trans. (1967), Awakening of Faith—Attributed to Aśvaghoṣa, with commentary by Yoshito S. Hakeda, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08336-X; Jorgensen, John; Lusthaus, Dan; Makeham, John; Strange, Mark, trans. (2019), Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780190297718; King, Sally B. (1991), Buddha nature, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0585068313; Muller, Charles (1998). "East Asian Apocryphal Scriptures: Their Origin and Role in the Development of Sinitic Buddhism". Bulletin of Toyo Gakuen University. 6: 63–76.; Suzuki, Daisetz T. (1900). Açvaghosha's Discourse on the awakening of faith in the Mahâyâna. Chicago: Open Court Pub. Co.; Tarocco, Franceska (2008). "Lost in Translation? The Treatise on the Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith (Dasheng qixin lun) and its modern readings". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 71 (2): 323–343. doi:10.1017/S0041977X08000566. hdl:10278/3684313.Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com.Credits:Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-HostProven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Why does truth no longer seem to matter? In this episode, we explore the philosophical and psychological roots of today's crisis of reality. Drawing on Jean Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality and Carl Gustav Jung's concept of the Shadow, I unravel how modern society's obsession with materialism, the proliferation of simulations, and the repression of symbolic, non-material dimensions of human experience have led to the current breakdown of truth. We will examine how Baudrillard's insights reveal a world where images no longer reflect reality but replace it entirely, and how Jung's warning about the dangers of ignoring the unconscious has manifested in distorted, collective forms. Together, these perspectives illuminate why facts are increasingly dismissed in favour of emotionally compelling narratives. Finally, I propose a path forward: a reintegration of critical thinking and symbolic imagination as essential tools for restoring our relationship with reality and cultivating a culture where truth matters once again. Join me as we delve into the death of the real — and how we might yet reclaim it.CONNECT & SUPPORT

Bright on Buddhism - Episode 107 - What are some Brahmanical perspectives on Buddhism from the Buddha's lifetime or thereabouts? What are the doctrinal roots of those perspectives? What is the historical relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism like?Resources: Cousins, L.S. (2010), "Buddhism", The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions, Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-195504-9; Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43878-0; Fuller, C. J. (2004), The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-12048-5; Gethin, Rupert (2008), Sayings of the Buddha, Oxford University Press; Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1980), The Scheduled Tribes of India, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-4128-3885-6; Gombrich, Richard F. (1988), Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-07585-5; Gombrich, Richard F. (1996), Theravāda Buddhism. A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-07585-5; Gombrich, Richard (1997). How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 81-215-0812-6.; Gomez, Luis O. (2013), Buddhism in India. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-87590-8; Halbfass, Wilhelm (1991), Tradition and Reflection, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-0361-7; Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-87597-7; Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture". Digital printing 2007, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-87590-8; Hopfe, Lewis M.; Jaini, Padmanabh S. (2001), Collected Paper on Buddhist Studies, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1776-0; Johnson, W.J. (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-861025-0; Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5; Larson, Gerald (1995), India's Agony Over Religion, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-2411-7; Larson, Gerald James (2009), Hinduism. In: "World Religions in America: An Introduction", pp. 179-198, Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-1-61164-047-2; Lockard, Craig A. (2007), Societies, Networks, and Transitions. Volume I: to 1500, Cengage Learning, ISBN 978-0-618-38612-3; Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; Nath, Vijay (2001), "From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition", Social Scientist, 29 (3/4): 19–50, doi:10.2307/3518337, JSTOR 3518337; Queen, Christopher S.; King, Sallie B., eds. (1996). Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2844-3.; Raju, P. T. (1992), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers; Robinson, Richard; Johnson, Willard; Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (Geoffrey DeGraff) (2005). Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction. Belmont, California: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-534-55858-5.; Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press; Shults, Brett (2014), "On the Buddha's Use of Some Brahmanical Motifs in Pali Texts", Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 6: 121–129.Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by finding us on email or social media! https://linktr.ee/brightonbuddhismCredits:Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-HostProven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Jean-Marc Lieberherr examines Jean Monnet's vital role in securing US arms for Britain and France during the Second World War and in driving international cooperation. A committed internationalist, long before becoming one of the founding fathers of the EU, Jean Monnet played a crucial role in enabling cooperation between countries in two world wars. As a member of the Executive Committee of the Allied Maritime Transport Council during the First World War, he helped coordinate shipping between the Allied powers of France, Great Britain, Italy and, from 1918, the US, before becoming the Deputy Secretary General of the League of Nations in 1919. During the subsequent world conflagration, , Monnet, trusted by Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle, coordinated arms procurement from the US through the Anglo-French Co-Ordinating Committee, the British Purchasing Committee and the Combined Production and Resources Board. According to economist John Maynard Keynes, Monnet's work shortened that war by one year. After 1945, Monnet continued seeking internationalist solutions, connecting the French and German markets under the European Coal and Steel Community. Seeing how the principles of cooperation could be applied more broadly, he advocated for a European Defence Community during the Korean War. While this attempt at European defence integration failed, his work inspired the founding treaties of the EU. He became the first ‘Honorary Citizen of Europe' in 1976. Jean-Marc Lieberherr is the founding chairman of the Jean Monnet Institute (JMI), which is devoted to promoting Monnet's historical heritage. Before creating the JMI in 2021, he had a career with large international groups such as LVMH, Unilever and Rio Tinto. Further Reading Jean Monnet, Memoirs (London: Harper Collins, 1978). François Duchêne, Jean Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence (New York, NY: W W Norton, 1994). Robert R Nathan, ‘An Unsung Hero of World War II', in Douglas Brinkley and Clifford Hackett (eds), Jean Monnet: The Path to European Unity (New York, NY: St Martin's Press, 1991). W W Rostow, ‘Jean Monnet: The Innovator As Diplomat' in Gordon A Craig and Francis L Loewenheim (eds), The Diplomats, 1939-1979 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 257–88. Sherrill Brown Wells, Jean Monnet: Unconventional Statesman (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Reinner, 2011). Institut Jean Monnet Website, available at: https://institutjeanmonnet.eu/en/.

In this episode of Platemark, Ann talks with Susan Dackerman, a curator and art historian specializing in Northern European print culture. They discuss Susan's recent book, Dürer's Knots: Early European Print and the Islamic East, which looks at the artist's relationship to the Islamic world, revealing groundbreaking insights about the intersection of early modern printmaking and contemporary history.  Susan's book covers three of Dürer's prints or print series. The first section looks at The Sea Monster (Das Meerwunder), c. 1498, and postulates that it chronicles the return to Venice of Caterina Cornado following her forced abdication as the last queen of Cyprus in 1489. Susan pieces together the narrative, which often claims to be about the abduction of a woman on the fins of Neptune. The second section looks at a series of six woodcuts Dürer made to mimic the designs of silver inlay found in Mamluk brass bowls. Susan has an intriguing theory about the Knots's connection to a set of engravings by none other than Leonardo da Vinci. The final section looks at the iron etching Landscape with a Cannon, 1518, and answers the question why make this image as an etching rather than an engraving. The book challenges traditional narratives and recasts Dürer's prints that reference the Islamic East as much more nuanced and reflective of contemporaneous history. Susan's book is clear, concise, and thoughtful, and well worth the read. Platemark website Sign-up for Platemark emails Leave a 5-star review Support the show Get your Platemark merch Check out Platemark on Instagram Join our Platemark group on Facebook Susan's IG https://www.instagram.com/susanmdackerman/ Susan Dackerman. Dürer's Knots: Early European Print and the Islamic East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2024. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691250441/durers-knots?srsltid=AfmBOoo2o2yjJJeOlkdsXIURAOdx595jWpEKkUllE8jpzXRidPeYLEG8 Susan Dackerman. The Painted Print: The Revelation of Color. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2002. https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-02234-5.html Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Sea Monster (Das Meerwunder), c. 1498. Engraving. Sheet (trimmed to platemark): 24.7 x 18.8 cm. (9 3/4 x 7 3/8 in.). National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). The First Knot (with a heart-shaped shield), probably 1506/1507. Woodcut. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). The Third Knot (with a black circle on a white medallion), probably 1506/1507. Woodcut. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). The Sixth Knot (combining seven small systems of knots with black centers), probably 1506/1507. Woodcut. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (Italian 1452–1519). The Fifth Knot (Interlaced Roundel with Seven Six-pointed Stars), c. 1498. Engraving. Plate: 10 3/8 × 7 13/16 in. (26.4 × 19.8 cm.). Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Landscape with the Cannon, 1518. Etching (iron). Sheet (trimmed to image): 21.9 × 32.2 cm. (8 5/8 × 12 11/16 in.). National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.  

Bright on Buddhism - Episode 103 - What is a Dalai Lama? What is the meaning and significance of that position? Who is the Dalai Lama today? Resources: Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr., eds. (2014). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3.; David-Neel, A. (1965). Magic & Mystery in Tibet. Corgi Books.London. ISBN 0-552-08745-9.; Dhondup, K. (1984). The Water-Horse and Other Years. Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.; Dhondup, K. (1986). The Water-Bird and Other Years. New Delhi: Rangwang Publishers.; Dowman, Keith (1988). The power-places of Central Tibet : the pilgrim's guide. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7102-1370-0.; Kapstein, Matthew (2006). The Tibetans. Malden, MA, USA. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9780631225744.; The Illusive Play: The Autobiography of the Fifth Dalai Lama [aka 'Dukula']. Translated by Karmay, Samten G. Serindia Publications. Chicago. 2014. ISBN 978-1-932476-67-5.; Laird, Thomas (2006). The Story of Tibet : Conversations with the Dalai Lama (1st ed.). New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.; McKay, A. (2003). History of Tibet. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1508-4.; Mullin, Glenn H. (1982). Selected Works of the Dalai Lama VII: Songs of Spiritual Change (2nd ed., 1985). Snow Lion Publications, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-937938-30-0.; Mullin, Glenn H. (1983). Selected Works of the Dalai Lama III: Essence of Refined Gold (2nd ed., 1985). Snow Lion Publications, Inc. New York. ISBN 0-937938-29-7.; Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. ISBN 1-57416-092-3.; Norbu, Thubten Jigme; Turnbull, Colin M. (1968). Tibet. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-20559-5.; Richardson, Hugh E. (1984). Tibet and its history (2nd ed., rev. and updated. ed.). Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 978-0-87773-376-8.; Van Schaik, Sam (2011), Tibet. A History. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.; Schulemann, Günther (1958). Die Geschichte der Dalai Lamas. Leipzig: Veb Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-530-50001-1.; Schwieger, Peter (2014). The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China: A Political History of the Tibetan Institution of Reincarnation. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-53860-2. OCLC 905914446.; Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D. (1967), Tibet: A Political History. New York: Yale University Press, and (1984), Singapore: Potala Publications. ISBN 0961147415.; Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D. (2010). One Hundred Thousand Moons. An Advanced Political History of Tibet (2 vols). Leiden (Netherlands), Boston (USA): Brill's Tibetan Studies Library. ISBN 9789004177321.; Sheel, R N Rahul (1989). "The Institution of the Dalai Lama". The Tibet Journal. 14 (3).; Smith, Warren W. (1997). Tibetan Nation; A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations. New Delhi: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-8133-3155-2.; Snellgrove, David; Richardson, Hugh (1986). A Cultural History of Tibet. Boston & London: Shambala Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-87773-354-6.; Stein, R. A. (1972). Tibetan civilization ([English ed.]. ed.). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-8047-0901-7.; Diki Tsering (2001). Dalai Lama, my son : a mother's story. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-7535-0571-1.; Veraegen, Ardy (2002). The Dalai Lamas : the Institution and its history. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN 978-8124602027.; Ya, Hanzhang (1991). The Biographies of the Dalai Lamas (1st ed.). Beijing: Foreign Language Press. ISBN 978-7119012674. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

This episode is an exploration of the allegations of racism against Jung and looks at some possible defences of Jung. Since Dalal published Jung: A Racist in 1988 there has been something of an open crisis in Jungian circles regarding the extent of the issue and what is to be done about it. This episode is about laying out the issue in as clear a way as possible. To learn more about the schism in the Jungian community see Samuels 2019 in the Further Reading section below. ____________________

As American voters go to the polls, all indications point to a statistical dead-heat between vice president and Democratic Party nominee Kamala Harris and former Republican president Donald Trump. The outcome will likely turn on tens of thousands of voters in a handful of key swing states. According to leading pollsters and polling aggregators, the race in these states is too close to call.In this hotly contested race, one demographic whose political preferences are much discussed, though less studied, is Indian Americans. A new study, the 2024 Indian American Attitudes Survey (IAAS), tries to fill this gap. The IAAS is a nationally representative online survey conducted by the Carnegie Endowment in conjunction with data and analytics firm YouGov. The report is authored by Sumitra Badrinathan of American University, Devesh Kapur of Johns Hopkins-SAIS, and Grand Tamasha host Milan Vaishnav.This week on the show, Milan speaks with Sumitra and Devesh about the main findings of their new report and what they portend for the election as well as future political trends in the United States.Episode notes:1. Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, “Indian Americans at the Ballot Box: Results From the 2024 Indian American Attitudes Survey,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 28, 2024.2. VIDEO: “Deciphering the Indian American Vote,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 31, 2024.3. Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, “How Will Indian Americans Vote? Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 14, 2020.4. Christopher H. Achen and Larry M. Bartels, Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016).5. Sara Sadhwani, “Asian American Mobilization: The Effect of Candidates and Districts on Asian American Voting Behavior,” Political Behavior 44 (2022):105–131.6. Devesh Kapur, Nirvikar Singh, and Sanjoy Chakravorty, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).7. “Sumitra Badrinathan and Devesh Kapur Decode the 2020 Indian American Vote,” Grand Tamasha, October 14, 2020.

What is Qabalah? This is a scholarly exploration of Hermetic Qabalah, an esoteric tradition steeped in history and rich in spiritual practice. This detailed video presentation covers the evolution of Hermetic Qabalah from its origins in ancient Jewish mysticism through its adaptation in Christian and Renaissance thought to its pivotal role in contemporary Western esotericism. We start by defining Hermetic Qabalah and distinguishing it from Jewish Kabbalah and Christian Cabala, highlighting the unique blend of mysticism, philosophy, and theology that characterizes each form. Discover how figures like Giovanni Pico della Mirandola influenced the Christian reinterpretation of Kabbalistic ideas and how these ideas permeated Renaissance thought. The video further delves into the core structure of the Tree of Life, explaining its symbolic representation of the universe's spiritual and material aspects. Learn about the sefirot, the paths that connect them, and their implications for personal and spiritual development. We will also cover primary texts like the Zohar and Sepher Yetzirah, their historical significance, and their roles in the practice of Qabalah. Additionally, we explore the modern application of Hermetic Qabalah in traditions such as Thelema and its integration into practices like modern Witchcraft and the Golden Dawn system. CONNECT & SUPPORT

On this Memorial Day, we are proud to introduce the newest limited series from the Institute for Religion, Media, and Civic Engagement and Axis Mundi Media. Miss Information is a podcast about how conspiracies and misinformation infiltrate wellness communities and religious spaces. Subscribe here: https://redcircle.com/shows/21b4b512-ceef-4289-b9fc-76f302f5bd22/episodes/3532f1b2-5f15-4302-82f6-8a281d676871 Misinformation is big news, but what does it mean and why does it matter? If misinformation is simply incorrect information, can it be solved simply by telling people the right answer?  In this episode, we learn how misinformation can prevent people from voting if they think they aren't eligible or can't vote by mail; how misinformation can convince people to take certain drugs to cure a disease even if it's not proven to be safe; and the ways misinformation can draw people into conspiracies like QAnon. But it's not as simple as dispelling all misinformation from our midst. That seems impossible. Rather, in dialogue with Dr. David Robertson from the Open University, what we will discover points to a different question: Why do people believe misinformation at all and what does it do for them? In other words, instead of focusing on what people believe, perhaps the phenomenon of misinformation directs us to ask what beliefs do - who they favor, who they put in power, who they marginalize, and who they leave vulnerable. And by understanding the mechanics, maybe we can mitigate the damage misinformation does to our public square. For more information about research-based media by Axis Mundi Media visit: www.axismundi.us For more information about public scholarship by the Institute for Religion, Media, and Civic Engagement follow us @irmceorg or go to www.irmce.org Funding for this series has been generously provided by the Henry Luce Foundation.  Creator: Dr. Susannah Crockford Executive Producer: Dr. Bradley Onishi (@bradleyonishi)  Audio Engineer: Scott Okamoto (@rsokamoto) Production Assistance: Kari Onishi  Dr. Susannah Crockford (@suscrockford): Ripples of the Universe: Spirituality in Sedona, Arizona Further Reading Robertson, David G. UFOs, Conspiracy Theories and the New Age: Millennial Conspiracism. London: Bloomsbury, 2016. Robertson, David G., and Amarnath Amarasingam. “How Conspiracy Theorists Argue: Epistemic Capital in the Qanon Social Media Sphere.” Popular Communication 20 (2022): 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2022.2050238. Howard, Philip N. Lie Machines: How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020. Bail, Chris. Breaking the Social Media Prism: How to Make Our Platforms Less Polarizing. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021.  Uscinski, Joseph E., and Joseph M. Parent. American Conspiracy Theories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.  Byford, Jovan. Conspiracy Theories: A Critical Introduction. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Argentino, Marc-Andre. “The Church of QAnon: Will Conspiracy Theories Form the Basis of a New Religious Movement?” The Conversation, May 18, 2020, https://theconversation.com/the-church-of-qanon-will-conspiracy-theories-form-the-basis-of-a-new-religious-movement-137859  Hao, Karen. “How Facebook got addicted to spreading misinformation,” MIT Technology Review, March 11, 2021, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/03/11/1020600/facebook-responsible-ai-misinformation/  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Eric hosts Dale Copeland, Professor of International Relations in the Department of Politics at UVA and faculty senior fellow at the Miller Center. Dale is the author of A World Safe for Commerce: American Foreign Policy from the Revolution to the Rise of China, (Princeton, NJ:  Princeton University Press, 2024). They discuss Dale's dynamic realist theory of international relations which seeks to meld "offensive realism" which sees states as power maximizing entities in an anarchic world and "defensive realism" which sees states as acting to modulate power maximizing in order to avoid a spiral into conflict. Dale contrasts this theory to liberal institutional theories that see foreign policies as driven by internal dynamics including ideology. They discuss his account of American foreign policy which sees US statesmen as successful practitioners of realpolitik in a way that has advanced the U.S. national interest and created what Dale calls the "FDR legacy" or the liberal international order over which the U.S. has presided since the end of World War II. They talk about analysts who are either China "pessimists" who believe a conflict between the U.S. and China is unavoidable and China "optimists" who think it may be possible to avoid conflict. They discuss China's tightening relations with Russia, whether or not the U.S.-China relationship will be a bipolar one, whether or not we have seen "peak China," Xi's recent trip to Europe, how one would know enough to conclude that China was a threat that require containment and much more about the U.S.-China relationship. A World Safe for Commerce: American Foreign Policy from the Revolution to the Rise of China: https://a.co/d/8GWjZVd Shield of the Republic is a Bulwark podcast co-sponsored by the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia.

In this episode, we discuss essays from throughout G.A. Cohen's philosophical career. Cohen is known as one of the founders of Analytical Marxism, so we talk about what this tradition in Marxist thinking is about and how it handles the problems of political let-down and disillusionment that affect us all. We also get into his polemics against the libertarians and John Rawls in his essays on exploitation, freedom, and justice.This is just a short clip from the full episode, which is available to our subscribers on Patreon:patreon.com/leftofphilosophyReferences:G.A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).G.A. Cohen, “The Labor Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation,” Philosophy & Public Affairs 8(4)(1979): 338-360.G.A. Cohen, “The Structure of Proletarian Unfreedom,” Philosophy & Public Affairs 12(1)(1983): 3-33.G.A. Cohen, Rescuing Justice and Equality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).Nicholas Vrousalis, The Political Philosophy of G.A. Cohen (London: Bloomsbury, 2015).Music:“Vintage Memories” by Schematist | schematist.bandcamp.com“My Space” by Overu | https://get.slip.stream/KqmvAN

Bright on Buddhism - Episode 86 -What is "un-knowing" in Buddhism? Is it the same as Agnosticism? What is its relationship to faith? Resources: Robert Buswell; Donald Lopez (2013), Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691157863; Conze, Edward (2013), Buddhist Thought in India: Three Phases of Buddhist Philosophy, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-54231-4; Edelglass, William; et al. (2009), Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Readings, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-532817-2; Gethin, Rupert (1998), Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press; Harvey, Peter (1990), An Introduction to Buddhism, Cambridge University Press; Peter Harvey (2013), The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-78329-6; Keown, Damien (2013). Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966383-5.; Trainor, Kevin (2004), Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517398-7; Williams, Paul; Tribe, Anthony (2000), Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, Routledge, ISBN 0-415207010; Ajahn Sucitto (2010). Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching. Shambhala.; Bhikkhu Bodhi (2003), A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma, Pariyatti Publishing; Chogyam Trungpa (1972). "Karma and Rebirth: The Twelve Nidanas, by Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche." Karma and the Twelve Nidanas, A Sourcebook for the Shambhala School of Buddhist Studies. Vajradhatu Publications.; Dalai Lama (1992). The Meaning of Life, translated and edited by Jeffrey Hopkins, Boston: Wisdom.; Mingyur Rinpoche (2007). The Joy of Living: Unlocking the Secret and Science of Happiness. Harmony. Kindle Edition.; Sonam Rinchen (2006). How Karma Works: The Twelve Links of Dependent Arising, Snow Lion.; Waddell, Norman (ed. & trans.), Hakuin's Precious Mirror Cave: A Zen Miscellany, 2009, p. 83. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha ⁠https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu⁠! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brightonbuddhism/message

What is introversion and extroversion anyway?This week we're drawing on the ideas of Carl Jung, and the Big Five personality traits, to help us understand why some people get their energy from being around other people, and others prefer to recharge their batteries on their own. Emma challenges the idea that it's simply a matter of personality, and wonders whether we develop these behaviours as an adaptation to societal pressures, and Elizabeth explains why, as an introvert, she prefers a voice note to a phone call. We chat about the impact of social media and the pandemic, cross-cultural influences and, most importantly, whether you're a bath or a shower person. --- Carl Jung on psychological types: Jung, C. G. [1921] 1971. Psychological Types, Collected Works of C.G. Jung, vol. 6. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. More on the Big Five personality traits: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits ---Best Friend Therapy is hosted by Elizabeth Day and Emma Reed Turrell, produced by Chris Sharp. --- Social Media:Elizabeth Day @elizabdayEmma Reed Turrell @emmareedturrellBest Friend Therapy @best.friend.therapyEmail: contact@bestfriendtherapy.co.uk

Elite politics shape and constrain democratic leaders in decisions about the use of force and tend to induce a hawkish bias into war-time foreign policy. So says Columbia University professor Elizabeth N. Saunders in her forthcoming book The Insider's Game: How Elites Make War and Peace. She explores how elite politics influenced presidential decisions in U.S. wars including Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, and beyond. She also discusses the problems of the public's rational ignorance of foreign policy and the tensions between an elite-centric foreign policy and democratic values, among other topics. Elizabeth N. Saunders bioElizabeth N. Saunders, The Insider's Game: How Elites Make War and Peace (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2024). Forthcoming. Elizabeth N. Saunders, “Elites in the Making and Breaking of Foreign Policy,” Annual Review of Political Science 25 (May 2022): pp. 219-240.Chaim Kauffman, “Threat Inflation and the Failure of the Marketplace of Ideas: The Selling of the Iraq War,” International Security 29, no. 1 (Summer 2004): pp. 5-48. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In which I talk about the Gothic cathedral as an exercise in the medieval synthesis of faith and reason. Bibliography: Blackwell, Albert L. The Sacred in Music. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 1999. Bork, Robert. The Geometry of Creation. New York: Routledge, 2011. Lewis, C.S. The Discarded Image. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1964. Grant, Edward. God and Reason in the Middle Ages. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Guite, Malcolm. Faith, Hope and Poetry: Theology and the Poetic Imagination. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. Panofsky, Erwin. Introduction to Abbot Suger, by Abbot Suger, 1-37. Edited and translated by Erwin Panofsky. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979. Taylor, Charles. A Secular Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. Von Simson, Otto. The Gothic Cathedral. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Beneath The Willow Tree is a podcast dedicated to the pursuit of Truth through wisdom and imagination. Join host Sophie Burkhardt as she, fuelled by wonder and a quest for the beautiful, explores philosophy, theology, the arts and all things worthy of thought beneath the willow tree. If you might ever be interested in talking about any such things, or a specific book or movie, etc. please reach out to me at sdburkhardt321@gmail.com

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/political-science

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/middle-eastern-studies

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/critical-theory

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

Natasha Roth-Rowland is a writer and researcher at Diaspora Alliance, a former editor at +972 Magazine, and an expert on the Jewish far right. She joins anthropologists Lori Allen and Ajantha Subramanian midway through a three-part RTB series, "Violent Majorities: Indian and Israeli Ethnonationalism." Listen to episode 1 here. The three discuss the transnational formation of the Jewish far right over the 20th and 21st centuries, the gradual movement of far right actors into the heart of the Israeli state, and the shared investment in territorial maximalism, racial supremacy, and natalism across the Zionist ideological spectrum. Coming up next in RTB 120: Lori and Ajantha sit down with John to synthesize what Murli and Natasha had to say about Ethnonationalism in Indian and in Israel. Mentioned in the episode Ben Shitrit, Lihi. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. El-Or, Tamar, and Gideon Aran. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender and Society 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 60-78. Neuman, Tamara. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics' in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 51-70. Neuman, Tamara. Settling Hebron: Jewish Fundamentalism in a Palestinian City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Krampf, Arie. The Israeli Path to Neoliberalism: The State, Continuity, and Change. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. Read and Listen here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/israel-studies

Several years ago, after giving a message on New Age spirituality at a church in Berkeley, California, I was approached by a distraught middle-aged woman. She asked if I was familiar with Jungian therapy. After I said that I was, she spoke briefly of her mental problems, which were being treated by a Jungian analyst. Looking at me intensely, she asked, “As a Christian, should I be treated by someone like this?” I answered that although Jung provided a few helpful psychological insights, his overall world view was Gnostic and anti-Christian. Therefore, a Jungian analyst would not be able to help her work through her difficulties in accord with her own Christian beliefs. In fact, such a view could do much harm to her soul.             Although I am not a trained counselor, psychologist, or psychiatrist, I did not offer this advice lightly. I warned of the dangers of Jungian analysis not because I reject all psychotherapy as unnecessary or dangerous, as do certain incautious and unsophisticated Christian critics. I accept the legitimacy and importance of integrating a thoroughly Christian world view with psychological insights. However, as a student of new religious movements, I have repeatedly found Carl Jung to be a fountainhead of all manner of spiritual aberrations, whether in non-Christian movements or in Christianity itself. More recently, psychologist and best-selling author, Jordan Peterson, has drawn attention to Jung's philosophy, which he draws on and uses as a lens to interpret the Bible. Christian counselors and other Christians, however, may be drawn to the fascinating figure of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) for several reasons. Before summarizing some of the hazards of Jung's thinking, we need to understand something of his strange magnetism… Recommended Reading1. Richard Noll, The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic Movement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). Stanton L. Jones and Richard E Butman, Modern Psychotherapies: A Comprehensive Christian Approach(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1991). Paul Vitz, Psychology as Religion: The Cult of Self-Worship, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995). Douglas Groothuis, Ph.D., is Professor of Philosophy at Denver Seminary and the author of nineteen books, including Fire in the Streets (a critique of critical race theory or wokeness) and Christian Apologetics: A Comprehensive Case for Biblical Faith. Find more from Dr. Groothuis at www.DouglasGroothuis.com. Discover more Christian podcasts at lifeaudio.com and inquire about advertising opportunities at lifeaudio.com/contact-us.

Michael C. Desch, professor of international relations at University of Notre Dame, discusses the disconnect between political science scholarship and policymaking and offers solutions for how to bridge the gap. Show NotesMichael C. Desch bioMichael C. Desch, Cult of the Irrelevant: The Waning Influence of Social Science on National Security (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019).Paul C. Avey, Michael C. Desch, Eric Parajon, Susan Peterson, Ryan Powers, and Michael J. Tierney, “Does Social Science Inform Foreign Policy? Evidence from a Survey of US National Security, Trade, and Development Officials,” International Studies Quarterly 66, no. 1 (March 2022).Benjamin H. Friedman and Justin Logan, “Why Washington Doesn't Debate Grand Strategy,” Strategic Studies Quarterly 10, no. 4 (Winter 2016): pp. 14-45. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bright on Buddhism Episode 56 - What is the Buddhist perspective of the family? How ought laypeople have and maintain a family? How ought monks and nuns have and maintain a family? Resources: Wilson, Liz. Family in Buddhism. Ed. Liz Wilson. Albany: SUNY Press, 2013. Print.; WILLIAMS, DUNCAN RYŪKEN. The Other Side of Zen: A Social History of Sōtō Zen Buddhism in Tokugawa Japan. Vol. 10. Princeton University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fkgd77.; Cabezón, José Ignacio, ed. Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.; Cole, Alan. “Upside Down/Right Side Up: A Revisionist History of Buddhist Funerals in China.” History of Religions 35, no. 4 (1996): 307–338.; Cole, Alan. Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.; Cole, Alan. “Homestyle Vinaya and Docile Boys in Chinese Buddhism.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 7, no. 1 (1999): 5–50.; Faure, Bernard. The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.; Schopen, Gregory. Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks: Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,1997.; Buddhism and The Family, Alan Cole, Robert E Buswell: Encyclopedia of Buddhism; Sammanaphala Sutta Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by finding us on email or social media! https://linktr.ee/brightonbuddhism Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brightonbuddhism/message

Bright on Buddhism Episode 53 - Who is Maudgalyayana? What role does he play in the texts? What are some stories about him? Resources: Berezkin, Rostislav (21 February 2015), "Pictorial Versions of the Mulian Story in East Asia (Tenth–Seventeenth Centuries): On the Connections of Religious Painting and Storytelling", Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 8 (1): 95–120, doi:10.1007/s40647-015-0060-4, S2CID 146215342;Brekke, Torkel (1 September 2007), "Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology", Numen, 54 (3): 270–303, doi:10.1163/156852707X211564;Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. (PDF), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3;Carus, Paul (1905), "Ashvajit's Stanza and Its Signigicance", Open Court, 3 (6);Daulton, J. (1999), "Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda" (PDF), Journal of Burma Studies, 4 (1): 101–128, doi:10.1353/jbs.1999.0002, S2CID 161183926;Ditzler, E.; Pearce, S.; Wheler, C. (May 2015), The Fluidity and Adaptability of Buddhism: A Case Study of Maudgalyāyana and Chinese Buddhist identity;Gethin, Rupert (2011), "Tales of miraculous teachings: miracles in early Indian Buddhism", in Twelftree, Graham H. (ed.), The Cambridge companion to miracles, Cambridge Companions to Religions, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-89986-4;Gifford, Julie (2003), "The Insight Guide to Hell" (PDF), in Holt, John Clifford; Kinnard, Jacob N.; Walters, Jonathan S. (eds.), Constituting communities Theravada Buddhism and the religious cultures of South and Southeast Asia, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-5691-9;Harvey, Peter (2013), An introduction to Buddhism: teachings, history and practices (PDF) (second ed.), New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-85942-4;Huntington, J.C. (1985). "The Origin of the Buddha Image: Early Image Traditions and the Concept of Buddhadarsanapunya". In Narain, A. K. (ed.). Studies in Buddhist Art of South Asia. Delhi: Kanak Publications. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-11-11.;Karaluvinna, M. (2002), "Mahā-Moggallāna", in Malalasekera, G. P.; Weeraratne, W. G. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, vol. 6, Government of Sri Lanka[dead link];Keown, D. (1996), "Karma, character, and consequentialism", The Journal of Religious Ethics (24);Ladwig, Patrice (2012), "Feeding the dead: ghosts, materiality and merit", in Williams, Paul; Ladwig, Patrice (eds.), Buddhist funeral cultures of Southeast Asia and China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-00388-0 Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by finding us on email or social media! https://linktr.ee/brightonbuddhism Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brightonbuddhism/message

Episode 116:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 22]5. War Communism[Part 23 - 26]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 27]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureSocial Order RestoredDesigning a Welfare State[Part 28 - This Week]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and CultureThe Arts and Utopia - 0:22Family and Gender Relations - 29:47[Part 29 - 30]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 31?]ConclusionFigure 7.2 - 9:47Liubov' Popova, ‘Jug on a table'.Figure 7.3 - 11:03Vladimir Tatlin and assistant in front of a model of his Monument to the Third International, 1919.Figure 7.4 - 35:33A demonstration for women's liberation in Baku, Azerbaijan, c.1925.Footnotes:36) 2:48Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, ‘Communist Manifesto' (1848), .37) 3:44Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Catriona Kelly and David Shepherd, Russian Cultural Studies: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).38) 5:13Alexander Bogdanov, Red Star: The First Bolshevik Utopia, trans. Charles Rougle (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984); J. A. E. Curtis, The Englishman from Lebedian: A Life of Evgeny Zamiatin (Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2013).39) 5:54Lenin, State and Revolution.40) 6:05J. Bowlt and O. Matich (eds), Laboratory of Dreams: The Russian Avant-Garde and Cultural Experiment (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).41) 6:33The Great Utopia: The Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde, 1917–1932 (New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1992).42) 8:04Mayakovsky, ‘150 million', in René Fülöp-Miller, The Mind and Face of Bolshevism (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), 159.43) 11:42E. A. Dobrenko and Marina Balina (eds), The Cambridge Companion to 20th-Century Russian Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Robert A. Maguire, Red Virgin Soil: Soviet Literature in the 1920s (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968).44) 14:42Richard Taylor, The Politics of the Soviet Cinema, 1917–1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Peter Kenez, Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917–1953 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).45) 18:45Lesley Chamberlain, Lenin's Private War: The Voyage of the Philosophy Steamer and the Exile of the Intelligentsia (London: St Martin's Press, 2007).46) 19:54Il'ina, Obshchestvennye organizatsii Rossii, 32, 74.47) 20:39T. M. Goriaeva (ed.), Istoriia sovetskoi politicheskoi tsenzury: dokumenty i kommentarii (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997), 444.48) 21:29Goriaeva, Istoriia, 277, 430–2.49) 22:15Michael David-Fox, Revolution of the Mind: Higher Learning among the Bolsheviks, 1918–1929 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997).50) 24:35R. W. Davies and Maureen Perrie, ‘Social Context', in Davies (ed.), From Tsarism, 36.51) 26:04Christopher Read, Culture and Power in Revolutionary Russia (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990); Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front.52) 27:05Sheila Fitzpatrick, Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928–1931 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978).53) 29:58Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution.54) 31:01Barbara A. Engel, Breaking the Ties that Bind: The Politics of Marital Strife in Late Imperial Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011), 6.55) 32:15K. N. Samoilova, Rabotnitsy v Rossiiskoi revoliutsii (Petrograd: Gosizdat, 1920), 3.56) 32:33Chernykh, Stanovlenie Rossii sovetskoi, 179.57) 33:15Beatrice Farnsworth, Aleksandra Kollontai: Socialism, Feminism and the Bolshevik Revolution (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1980); Barbara E. Clements, Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979).58) 36:02Douglas Northrup, Veiled Empire: Gender and Power in Stalinist Central Asia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004); Marianne Kamp, The New Woman of Uzbekistan (Seattle: Washington University Press, 2006), 162–78. Shoshana Keller, To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign against Islam in Central Asia, 1917–1941 (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001).59) 37:13Beatrice Penati, ‘On the Local Origins of the Soviet Attack on the “Religious” Waqf in the Uzbek SSR (1927)', Acta Slavonica Iaponica, 36 (2015), 39–72.60) 37:19Karen Petrone, ‘Masculinity and Heroism in Imperial and Soviet Military-Patriotic Cultures', in B. E. Clements, Rebecca Friedman, and Dan Healey (eds), Russian Masculinities in History and Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), 172–93.61) 39:04Victoria E. Bonnell, ‘The Representation of Women in Early Soviet Political Art', Russian Review, 50 (1991), 267–88.62) 42:10S. G. Strumilin, ‘Biudzhet vremeni rabochikh v 1923–24gg.', in S. G. Strumilin, Problemy ekonomiki truda (Moscow: Nauka, 1982).63) 44:09Golos naroda, 157.64) 47:52Frances Bernstein, The Dictatorship of Sex: Gender, Health, and Enlightenment in Revolutionary Russia, 1918–1931 (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2007).65) 48:57Eric Naiman, Sex in Public: The Incarnation of Early Soviet Ideology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), 92.

Guess the Theme Series, #1 of 4. Tea, it turns out, is a bottomless commodity history. As historian Erika Rappaport notes, at various times over the last two thousands years, “In Asia, the Near East, Europe, and North America, tea was a powerful medicine, a dangerous drug, a religious and artistic practice, a status symbol, an aspect of urban leisure, and a sign of respectability and virtue.” As a product of empire, cultural exchange, medicinal application, immense profitability, social imagination, and agricultural innovation, the history of tea is also the history of millions of intersecting individual lives. Some, like Catherine of Braganza, were elite women who made tea-drinking fashionable in 17th century Britain. Some, like Mary Tuke of England, were entrepreneurs who built a business and reputation on the products of the 18th century imperial markets. And yet others, like Anandaram Dhekial Phukan of Assam, were hopeful subjects of British imperialism who believed the 19th century empire could improve the lives of his people. The British thirst for tea altered economies and ecologies, started wars, underwrote individual fortunes and spectacular falls from grace. The simplicity and ubiquitousness of tea in British culture today belies its deep history. Today we're going to spill a little tea, and see what we find out. Select Bibliography Markman Ellis, Richard Coulton, Matthew Mauger, Empire of Tea : The Asian Leaf That Conquered the World (London : Reaktion Books, 2015) Erika Rappaport, A Thirst for Empire: How Tea Shaped the Modern World (Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press; 2017) Jayeeta Sharma, Empire's Garden: Assam and the Making of India (Duke University press, 2011) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Bright on Buddhism Episode 44 - Who is Sariputra? What role does he play in the texts? How does this role change over time? Resources: Kevin Trainor: Buddhism: An Illustrated Guide; Donald Lopez: Norton Anthology of World Religions: Buddhism; Silk, Jonathan A. (2019), Brill's encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol Two, Hinüber, Oskar von,, Eltschinger, Vincent,, Bowring, Richard, 1947-, Radich, Michael, Leiden, ISBN 978-90-04-29937-5, OCLC 909251257; Robert E Buswell: Encyclopedia of Buddhism: Sariputra; Hecker, Hellmuth; Nyanaponika Thera (2003), Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy (PDF), Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-86171-381-3, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-24; Bodhi, Bhikkhu; Dhamma, Rewata (1993), A comprehensive manual of Abhidhamma : the Abhidhammattha sangaha of Ācariya Anuruddha (1st BPS Pariyatti ed.), BPS Pariyatti Edition, ISBN 978-1-928706-02-1; Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (2004), Encyclopedia of Buddhism (PDF), New York, NY: Macmillan Reference, USA, ISBN 0-02-865718-7, archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-29, retrieved 2020-02-22; Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. (PDF), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3, archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-12, retrieved 2020-02-22; Carus, Paul (1905), "Ashvajit's Stanza and Its Significance", Open Court, 3 (6), archived from the original on 2020-10-27, retrieved 2020-02-22; Irons, Edward (2007), Encyclopedia of Buddhism (PDF), New York: Facts on File, ISBN 978-0-8160-5459-6, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-17, retrieved 2020-02-22; Lopez, Donald S. (2016), The Lotus Sūtra : a biography, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-15220-2; Shaw, Sarah (2013), "Character, Disposition, and the Qualities of the Arahats as a Means of Communicating Buddhist Philosophy in the Suttas" (PDF), in Emmanuel, Steven M. (ed.), A companion to Buddhist philosophy (first ed.), Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-470-65877-2, archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-28, retrieved 2020-02-22; Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2009). Right View. A translation of the Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta. Attributed to Sariputra Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by finding us on email or social media! https://linktr.ee/brightonbuddhism Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Episode 110:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 21]5. War CommunismMobilising IndustryThe Food DictatorshipWar Communism in CrisisSocial Order OverturnedFighting the ChurchWorker Unrest[Part 22 - This Week]5. War CommunismPeasant Wars - 0:27The Kronstadt Rebellion - 13:58Discussion - 28:08[Part 23 - 25?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 26 - 29?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 30?]ConclusionFigure 5.2 - 14:15The Red Army crosses the ice to crush the Kronstadt rebellion, 1921Footnotes:77) 0:44The following draws on Erik Landis, Bandits and Partisans: The Antonov Movement in the Russian Civil War (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008).78) 3:04V. V. Kondrashin, Krest'ianskaia vandeia v Povolzh'e 1918-21gg. (Moscow: Ianus-K, 2001), 40.79) 3:30Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm, 129.80) 3:57I. V. Shvedov and V. S. Kobzov, ‘Revoliutsionnye komitety Urala v gody grazhdanskoi voiny (istoriko-pravovoi aspekt)', Problemy pravy, 5:43 (2013), 199–205 (202).81) 4:59Iarov, Krest'ianin kak politik, 62.82) 8:10Landis, Bandits, 316.83) 8:50.84) 12:02V. V. Moskovkin, ‘Vosstanie krest'ian v Zapadnoi Sibiri v 1921 godu',Voprosy Istorii, 6 (1998), 46–64. For a fierce critique of this, see Vladimir I. Shishkin, ‘Zapadno-Sibirskii miatezh 1921 goda: dostizheniia i iskazheniia rossiiskoi istoriografii', Acta Slavica Iaponica, 17 (2000), 100–29.85) 13:26Pavliuchenkov, Voennyi kommunizm, 136.86) 14:17Paul Avrich, Kronstadt, 1921 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970); Israel Getzler, Kronstadt, 1917–1921: The Fate of Soviet Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).87) 18:20V. P. Naumov and A. A. Kosakovskii (eds), Kronshtadt 1921: Dokumenty (Moscow: Rossiia XX vek, 1997), 60.88) 20:11See Russian Wikipedia entry for Дело Таганцева.89) 23:31Barbara C. Allen, Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1938: Life of an Old Bolshevik (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 245.90) 25:41Gimpel'son, Formirovanie, 193.91) 26:44Gimpel'son, Sovetskie upravlentsy, 171.92) 27:59E. A. Sikorskii, ‘Sovetskaia sistema politicheskogo kontrolia nad naseleniem v 1918–1920 godakh', Voprosy Istorii, 5 (1998), 91–100 (98).

In the opening episode of season three, Alejandra introduces the season's theme "practice" with a refection on her own fieldwork experience, and the ways in which she saw her own practices mirrored in those of her participants. Works Cited:Asad, Talal, ed. 1973. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Castaing-Taylor, Lucian and Ilisa Barbash, directors. 2009. Sweetgrass. Cinema Guild.Clifford, James, and George E. Marcus. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Flaherty, Robert, director. 1922. Nanook of the North. Pathé Exchange.Haraway, Donna. 1984. “Teddy Bear Patriarchy: Taxidermy in the Garden of Eden.” Social Text 11: 20-64.Itano, Nicole, and Paul Harvey. 2020. “Our Planet: Our Impact.” WWF Report. https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2020-09/wwfuk_our%20planet%20impact%20report_final.pdf.MacDougall, David, and Judith MacDougall, directors. 1982. A Wife Among Wives. Berkeley Media. https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/a-wife-among-wives.MacDougall, David. 2005. The Corporeal Image: Film, Ethnography, and the Senses. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Mead, Margaret, and Gregory Bateson. 1951. “Trance and Dance in Bali.” Video. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Accessed October 18, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/item/mbrs02425201/.Mead, Margaret, and Gregory Bateson. 1977. “Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson the Use of the Camera in Anthropology” Studies on the Anthropology of Visual Communication 4(2): 78-80.

EPISODE NOTES:This episode is a follow up to episode 5 where we got into the nitty gritty of the zoot suit's origins. This episode is dedicated to the bloody conflict that surrounded the suit nationally and internationally in the 1940s, including the infamous zoot suit riots of Los Angeles. Support us at :https://www.patreon.com/historyunhemmedhttps://anchor.fm/historyunhemmed/support Follow us on: Instagram: @history_unhemmed Facebook: History Unhemmed Thank you!

In this episode Bethany and Aaron discuss sex. What makes for good sex? Is there a general ethos regarding sex that we should take into our sexual encounters? What would that ethos be? Does internet porn (in particular) foster an undue sense of control over sexual arousal, leaving us less responsive to the uncertainties that come when engaging with another person? How might capitalist conditions hinder the possibility for better sex? Listen to part I of our discussion, and come back next week, when JP will back with us for part II. If you like what you hear, find us on Patreon at patreon.com/therilkeanzoo for more content.  Text: Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling/Repetition: Kierkegaard's Writings, IV, eds. and trans. by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 121-122. P.S. Please forgive some of the background noises (e.g., dogs barking, airplanes flying over head) that were difficult to remove from the recording.

Episode 104:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 15]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerThe Expansion of SovietsNational Self-Determination and the Reconstitution of Empire[Part 16 - This Week]4. Civil War and Bolshevik PowerViolence and Terror - 0:19The Suppression of the Socialist Opposition - 19:56[Part 17]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 18 - 20?]5. War Communism[Part 21 - 23?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 24 - 27?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 28?]ConclusionFootnotes:57) 0:36James Ryan, Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence (London: Routledge, 2012).58) 3:26Latsis, ‘Pravda of krasnom terrore', Izvestiia, 26, 6 Feb. 1920, 1.59) 3:57Michael Melancon, ‘Revolutionary Culture in the Early Soviet Republic: Communist Executive Committees versus the Cheka', Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 57:1 (2009), 1–22 (9).60) 6:14George Leggett, The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police: The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combatting Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, 1917–1922 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), 467.61) 7:06The use of torture by the Cheka was hinted at in the press. See the complaint by a party member who had fallen into the clutches of the Cheka in Moscow. Izvestiia, 18, 26 Jan. 1919, 2.62) 8:45I. N. Kamardin, ‘Rabochii protest v Povolzh'e v 1919–1920gg'. .63) 9:41; .64) 11:55A. G. Tepliakov, ‘Chekisty Kryma v nachale 1920-kh gg', Voprosy istorii, 11, Nov. 2015, 139–45.65) 14:06.66) 15:36Dietrich Beyrau, ‘Brutalization Revisited: The Case of Russia', Journal of Contemporary History, 50:1 (2015), 15–37.67) 16:32Martin Conway and Robert Gerwarth, ‘Revolution and Counter-Revolution', in Donald Bloxham and Robert Gerwarth (eds), Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 140–76 (141). Stathis Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2006), 365–87.68) 16:59Hoffmann and Kotsonis (eds), Russian Modernity; Peter Holquist, ‘Violent Russia, Deadly Marxism? Russia in the Epoch of Violence, 1905–21', Kritika, 4:3 (2003), 627–52.69) 17:18Holquist, Making War, ch. 6.70) 17:59Cited in Mawdsley, Russian Civil War, 67.71) 19:26Smele, Historical Dictionary, 138–41, 1142–3, 92. I am grateful to Erik Landis for drawing my attention to Marat Khairulin, ‘Boi za Kazan' (avgust–sentiabr' 1918g.). Khronika deistvii aviatsii', .72) 20:07Vladimir N. Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918–1922 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).73) 20:49Scott B. Smith, Captives of Revolution: The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Bolshevik Dictatorship, 1918–1923 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011).74) 22:55Z. Galili and A. Nenarokov (eds), Men'sheviki v 1918 godu (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1999).75) 24:12D. B. Pavlov, Bol'shevistskaia diktatura protiv sotsialistov i anarkhistov 1917—seredina 1950-kh godov (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1999), 63.76) 30:08Brovkin, Behind the Front Lines, 268.

Episode 99:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9-10]3. From February to October 1917Dual PowerLenin and the BolsheviksThe Aspirations of Soldiers and WorkersThe Provisional Government in Crisis[Part 11 - This Week]Revolution in the Village - 0:25The Nationalist Challenge - 10:43Class, Nation and Gender - 26:04[Part 12]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFootnotes:55) 0:32Orlando Figes, Peasant Russia, Civil War: The Volga Countryside in Revolution, 1917–1921 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989); John Channon, ‘The Peasantry in the Revolutions of 1917', in E. R. Frankel et al. (eds), Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 105–30.56) 2:41Graeme J. Gill, Peasants and Government in the Russian Revolution (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1979), 46–63, 75–88.57) 3:29J. L. H. Keep, The Russian Revolution: A Study in Mass Mobilization (New York: Norton, 1976), 179.58) 5:35Keep, Russian Revolution, 160.59) 7:52Channon, ‘The Landowners', in Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 120–46.60) 8:47Aaron B. Retish, Russia's Peasants in Revolution and Civil War: Citizenship, Identity, and the Creation of the Soviet State, 1914–1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008); John Channon, ‘The Bolsheviks and the Peasantry: The Land Question during the First Eight Months of Soviet Rule', Slavonic and East European Review, 66:4 (1988), 593–624.61) 10:20V. V. Kabanov, Krest'ianskaia obshchina i kooperatsiia Rossii XX veka (Moscow: RAN, 1997), 81.62) 10:59Ronald G. Suny, ‘Nationalism and Class in the Russian Revolution: A Comparative Discussion', in Frankel et al. (eds), Revolution in Russia, 219–46; Ronald G. Suny, The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993), ch. 2.63) 11:21Mark von Hagen, ‘The Great War and the Mobilization of Ethnicity in the Russian Empire', in B. R. Rubin and Jack Snyder (eds), Post-Soviet Political Order: Conflict and State Building (London: Routledge, 1998), 34–57.64) 12:58John Reshetar, The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1920 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952); Bohdan Krawchenko, Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Ukraine (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985), ch. 1.65) 15:35Steven L. Guthier, ‘The Popular Base of Ukrainian Nationalism in 1917', Slavic Review, 38:1 (1979).66) 16:11David G. Kirby, Finland in the Twentieth Century (London: Hurst, 1979), 46; Anthony F. Upton, The Finnish Revolution, 1917–1918 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980), ch. 6.67) 22:57Ronald G. Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), ch. 9.68) 24:06Tadeusz Świętochowski, Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of National Identity in a Muslim Community (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), ch. 4.69) 29:23Boris I. Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda and Anti-“Burzhui” Consciousness in 1917', Russian Review, 53 (1994), 183–96 (187–8).70) 29:44Donald J. Raleigh, Revolution on the Volga: 1917 in Saratov (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).71) 30:20T. A. Abrosimova, ‘Sotsialisticheskaia ideeia v massovom soznanii 1917g.', in Anatomiia revoliutsii. 1917 god v Rossii: massy, partii, vlast' (St Petersburg: Glagol', 1994), 176–87 (177).72) 30:46Steinberg, Voices, 17.73) 31:22Michael C. Hickey, ‘The Rise and Fall of Smolensk's Moderate Socialists: The Politics of Class and the Rhetoric of Crisis in 1917', in Donald J. Raleigh (ed.), Provincial Landscapes: Local Dimensions of Soviet Power, 1917–53 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001), 14–35.74) 32:57Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda', 190, 191.75) 32:49Kolonitskii, ‘Antibourgeois Propaganda', 189.76) 33:00Figes and Kolonitskii, Interpreting, 154.77) 34:00A. Ia. Livshin and I. B. Orlov, ‘Revolutsiia i spravedlivost': posleoktiabr'skie “pis'ma vo vlast' ”, in 1917 god v sud'bakh Rossii i mira: Oktiabr'skaia revoliutsiia (Moscow: RAN, 1998), 254, 255, 259.78) 34:12Howard White, ‘The Urban Middle Classes', in Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, 64–85.79) 34:35Bor'ba za massy v trekh revoliutsiiakh v Rossii: proletariat i srednie gorodskie sloi (Moscow: Mysl', 1981), 19.80) 35:18O. N. Znamenskii, Intelligentsiia nakanune velikogo oktiabria (fevral'-oktiabr' 1917g.) (Leningrad: Nauka, 1988), 8–9.81) 35:53Bor'ba za massy, 169.82) 36:45Michael C. Hickey, Competing Voices from the Russian Revolution (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011), 387.83) 38:05Michael Hickey, ‘Discourses of Public Identity and Liberalism in the February Revolution: Smolensk, Spring 1917', Russian Review, 55:4 (1996), 615–37 (620); V. V. Kanishchev, ‘ “Melkoburzhuaznaia kontrrevoliutsiia”: soprotivlenie gorodskikh srednikh sloev stanovleniiu “diktatury proletariata” (oktiab'r 1917–avgust 1918g.)', in 1917 god v sud'bakh Rossii i mira, 174–87.84) 39:14Stockdale, Paul Miliukov, 258.85) 40:53Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie v avguste 1917g. (razgrom Kornilovskogo miatezha) (Moscow: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959), 407.86) 41:58V. F. Shishkin, Velikii oktiabr' i proletarskii moral' (Moscow: Mysl', 1976), 57.87) 42:18Steinberg, Voices, 113.88) 44:32O. Ryvkin, ‘ “Detskie gody” Komsomola', Molodaia gvardiia, 7–8 (1923), 239–53 (244); Krupskaya, ‘Reminiscences of Lenin'.89) 45:58Ruthchild, Equality and Revolution, 227.90) 46:36Engel, Women in Russiā, 135; Ruthchild, Equality, 231.91) 47:49Jane McDermid and Anna Hillyard, Women and Work in Russia, 1880–1930 (Harlow: Longman, 1998), 167.92) 48:31Engel, Women in Russia, 141.93) 49:01Sarah Badcock, ‘Women, Protest, and Revolution: Soldiers' Wives in Russia during 1917', International Review of Social History, 49 (2004), 47–70.94) 49:19Steinberg, Voices, 98.95) 50:03D. P. Koenker and W. G. Rosenberg, Strikes and Revolution in Russia, 1917 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), 314.96) 50:21Smith, Red Petrograd, 193.97) 51:37Z. Lilina, Soldaty tyla: zhenskii trud vo vremia i posle voiny (Perm': Izd-vo Petrogradskogo Soveta, 1918), 8.98) 51:59L. G. Protasov, Vserossiiskoe uchreditel'noe sobranie: istoriia rozhdeniia i gibeli (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 1997), 233.99) 52:31Beate Fieseler, ‘The Making of Russian Female Social Democrats, 1890–1917', International Review of Social History, 34 (1989), 193–226.

Episode 98:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9]3. From February to October 1917Dual Power[Part 10 - This Week]Lenin and the Bolsheviks - 0:31The Aspirations of Soldiers and Workers - 13:31The Provisional Government in Crisis - 25:42[Part 11 -12?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 13 - 16?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 17 - 19?]5. War Communism[Part 20 - 22?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 23 - 26?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 27?]ConclusionFigure 3.2 - 23:54A factory meeting on May Day 1917. The banners read: ‘Long live the holiday of the world proletariat' and ‘If we repair a single steam engine it means we bring the end of hunger and poverty nearer and thereby bring an end to capitalism'.Figure 3.3 - 29:00Kerensky tours the front June 1917. He here is greeting the Czech Legion.[see figures on AbnormalMapping.com here]Footnotes:26) 0:41Christopher Read, Lenin: A Revolutionary Life (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005).27) 2:35N. N. Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution 1917: A Personal Record, ed. Joel Carmichael (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 272–3.28) 3:05Angelica Balabanoff, Impressions of Lenin (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964), 2.29) 3:36A. N. Potresov, Izbrannoe (Moscow: Mosgosarkhiv, 2002), 284.30) 5:28Robert Service, Lenin: A Political Life (3 vols), vol. 2: Worlds in Collision (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991).31) 5:37Neil Harding, Lenin's Political Thought: Theory and Practice in the Democratic and Socialist Revolutions (Chicago: Haymarket, 2009), 59–70.32) 7:40V. I. Lenin, ‘The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution', .33) 7:52Robert Service, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution: A Study in Organizational Change (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1979).34) 8:27V. I. Miller, ‘K voprosu o sravnitel'noi chislennosti partii bol'shevikov i men'shevikov v 1917g.', Voprosy istorii KPSS, 12 (1988), 109–18.35) 9:10There are no biographies in English of Zinoviev and Kamenev. However, the following entries are good: ; . See, too, Catherine Merridale, ‘The Making of a Moderate Bolshevik: An Introduction to L. B. Kamenev's Political Biography', in Julian Cooper, Maureen Perrie, and E. A. Rees (eds), Soviet History, 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R. W. Davies (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995), 22–41.36) 9:37Ian D. Thatcher, Trotsky (London: Routledge, 2003); Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879–1921 (London: Oxford University Press, 1954).37) 10:29Ian D. Thatcher, ‘The St Petersburg/Petrograd Mezhraionka, 1913–1917: The Rise and Fall of a Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party Unity Faction', Slavonic and East European Review, 87: 2 (2009), 284–321.38) 12:35Shestoi s''ezd RSDRP (bol'shevikov) avgust 1917 goda: Protokoly, 20, 23.39) 13:43Christopher Read, From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and their Revolution, 1917–21 (London: UCL Press, 1996), chs 4–6; Allan Wildman, The End of the Russian Imperial Army, vol. 1 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980).40) 14:17Evan Mawdsley, The Russian Revolution and the Baltic Fleet: War and Politics, February 1917–April 1918 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1978).41) 15:19.42) 16:08Pravda, 21, 30 Mar. 1917.43) 17:09Startsev, Vnutrenniaia politika.44) 18:08‘Vserossiiskaia konferentsiia frontovykh i tylovykh voennykh organizatsii RSDRP(b)', Politicheskie deiateli Rossii 1917. Biograficheskii slovar' (Moscow: Bol'shaia rossiiskaia entsiklopediia, 1993).45) 18:21K. A. Tarasov, ‘Chislennost' voennoi organizatsii bol'shevikov nakanune oktiabria 1917 goda', Trudy Karel'skoi nauchnogo tsentra RAN, 3 (2014), 146–8.46) 18:36David Mandel, The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Regime (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1983); David Mandel, The Petrograd Workers and the Soviet Seizure of Power (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1984); Diane Koenker, Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981).47) 20:23Smith, Red Petrograd.48) 25:49Figes, People's Tragedy, ch. 10.49) 29:57Izvestiia, 96, 20 June 1917.50) 30:46Wildman, End of the Russian Imperial Army.51) 31:44Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution: 1899–1919 (New York: Knopf, 1990), 770; Alexander Rabinowitch, Prelude to Revolution: The Petrograd Bolsheviks and the July 1917 Uprising (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968).52) 33:05Rabinowitch, Prelude, 173.53) 34:25Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution, 446.54) 35:51O. N. Znamenskii, Iiul'skii krizis 1917 goda (Moscow: Nauka, 1964), 124.

Episode 97:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6-8]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917[Part 9 - This Week]3. From February to October 1917 - 0:30Dual Power - 8:48[Part 9 - 11?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 12 - 15?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 16 - 18?]5. War Communism[Part 19 - 21?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 22 - 25?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 26?]ConclusionFigure 3.1 - 6:12[see the image here]Caption: Soldiers' wives demonstrate for an increased ration. Their banners read: ‘An increased ration to the families of soldiers, the defenders of freedom and of a people's peace'; and ‘Feed the children of the defenders of the motherland'.Footnotes:1) 0:50Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, The February Revolution: Petrograd 1917 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981).2) 3:06Cited Figes, People's Tragedy, 323.3) 4:27A. B. Nikolaev, Revoliutsiia i vlast': IV Gosudarstvennaia duma 27 fevralia–3 marta 1917 goda (St Petersburg: Izd-vo RGPU, 2005).4) 6:05Pethybridge, Witnesses, 76, 78, 119–20.5) 6:41Orlando Figes and Boris Kolonitskii, Interpreting the Russian Revolution: The Language and Symbols of 1917 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), ch. 1; Pavel G. Rogoznyi, ‘The Russian Orthodox Church during the First World War and Revolutionary Turmoil, 1914–1921', in Murray Frame et al. (eds), Russian Culture in War and Revolution, 1914–22, 1 (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2014), 349–76.6) 7:16Nadezhda Krupskaya, Reminiscences of Lenin, .7) 7:41I. L. Arkhipov, ‘Obshchestvennaia psikhologiia petrogradskikh obyvatelei v 1917 godu', Voprosy istorii, 7 (1994), 49–58 (52).8) 9:05Rex Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 3.9) 9:48V. I. Startsev, Vnutrenniaia politika vremennogo pravitel'stva pervogo sostava (Leningrad: Nauka, 1980), 116.10) 11:21William G. Rosenberg, Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974).11) 11:50Starstev, Vnutrenniaia politika, 208–45. I am indebted to Ian Thatcher for this point.12) 13:19Ziva Galili y Garcia, The Menshevik Leaders in the Russian Revolution: Social Realities and Political Strategies (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989).13) 14:47William G. Rosenberg, ‘Social Mediation and State Construction(s) in Revolutionary Russia', Social History, 19:2 (1994), 168–88.14) 15:37For the Soviet proclamation see Alfred Golder (ed.), Documents of Russian History, 1914–1917 (New York: The Century Co., 1927), 325–6.15) 16:31Rex A. Wade, The Russian Search for Peace: February to October 1917 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1969).16) 16:37Starstev, Vnutrenniaia politika, 204.17) 17:18G. A. Gerasimenko, Pervy akt narodovlastiia v Rossii: obshchestvennye ispolnitel'nye komitety 1917g. (Moscow: Nika, 1992), 82.18) 17:34Gerasimenko, Pervy akt, 106.19) 18:31William G. Rosenberg, ‘The Russian Municipal Duma Elections of 1917', Soviet Studies, 21:2 (1969), 131–63, 157.20) 19:07Nikolai N. Smirnov, ‘The Soviets', in Edward Acton et al. (eds), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921 (London: Arnold, 1997), 429–37 (432).21) 20:50Smirnov, ‘Soviets', 434.22) 21:16V. I. Lenin, State and Revolution, .23) 22:14A. F. Zhukov, Ideino-politicheskii krakh eserovskogo maksimalizma (Leningrad: Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1979), 49.24) 23:05Leopold H. Haimson et al. (eds), Men'sheviki v 1917 godu (3 vols), vol. 2 (Moscow: Progress-Akademiia, 1995), 48–9.25) 24:25Michael Melancon, ‘The Socialist Revolutionary Party, 1917–1920', in Acton et al. (eds), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 281–90; Kh. M. Astrakhan, Bol'sheviki i ikh politicheskie protivniki v 1917g. (Leningrad: Leninizdat, 1973), 233.

Episode 95:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917Prospects for Reform[Part 7 - This Week]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917On the Eve of War - 0:32First World War - 12:47[Part 8]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917[Part 9 - 11?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 12 - 15?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 16 - 18?]5. War Communism[Part 19 - 21?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 22 - 25?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 26?]ConclusionFootnotes:45) 1:23Michael Melancon, The Lena Goldfields Massacre and the Crisis of the Late Tsarist State (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2006), 116.46) 2:34Haimson and Petrusha, ‘Two Strike Waves in Imperial Russia', 107.47) 3:07Hogan, Forging Revolution, 161.48) 3:29F. A. Gaida, ‘Politicheskaia obstanovka v Rossii nakanune Pervoi mirovoi voiny v otsenke gosudarstvennykh deiatelei i liderov partii', Rossiiskaia istoriia, 6 (2011), 123–35; Jonathan W. Daly, The Watchful State: Security Police and Opposition in Russia, 1906–1917 (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004), 147.49) 4:29Victoria E. Bonnell, Roots of Rebellion: Workers' Politics and Organizations in St Petersburg and Moscow, 1900–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).50) 5:24Shestoi s”ezd RSDLP (bol'shevikov): Avgust 1917 goda. Protokoly (Moscow, 1958), 47.51) 5:37D. A. Loeber (ed.), Ruling Communist Parties and their Status under Law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986), 63. Not all historians are persuaded that the Bolsheviks were taking over leadership of the labour movement: see R. B. McKean, St Petersburg Between the Revolutions: Workers and Revolutionaries, June, 1907–February 1917 (London: Yale University Press, 1990).52) 6:20Postnikov, Territorial'noe razmeshchenie, 56.53) 6:44Patricia Herlihy, The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 145.54) 8:34V. B. Aksenov, ‘ “Sukhoi zakon” 1914 goda: ot pridvornoi intrigi do revoliutsii', Rossiiskaia istoriia, 4 (2011), 126–39.55) 8:44For a view that individual and collective actors recoiled from taking decisive action in the political and social crisis on the eve of the war, for fear that they would be overwhelmed by an accelerating process of social polarization, see Leopold H. Haimson, ‘ “The Problem of Political and Social Stability in Urban Russia on the Eve of War” Revisited', Slavic Review, 59:4 (2000), 848–75.56) 8:58Dowler, Russia in 1913, 279.57) 9:24Gilbert, Radical Right, ch. 6.58) 9:29Rossiia 1913 god: statistiko-dokumental'nyi spravochnik (St Petersburg: BLITs, 1995), 413–14.59) 9:58William C. Fuller, Civil–Military Conflict in Imperial Russia, 1881–1914 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), 257.60) 10:50Mark D. Steinberg, Petersburg: Fin de Siècle (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), 244.61) 11:40Gatrell, Government, Industry, and Rearmament.62) 12:17.63) 13:02Norman Stone, The Eastern Front, 1914–1917 (London: Penguin, 1998).64) 15:43Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century (London: Allen Lane, 1998), ix; David Stevenson, 1914–1918: The History of the First World War (London: Penguin, 2005), xix.65) 16:10G. F. Krivosheev (ed.), Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: poteri vooruzhyennykh sil. Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Moscow: OLMA, 2001).66) 17:34Boris Kolonitskii, Tragicheskaia erotika: obrazy, imperatorskoi sem'i v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny (Moscow: NLO, 2010), 73.67) 18:25Joshua Sanborn, Imperial Apocalypse: The Great War and the Destruction of the Russian Empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 29.68) 19:26Cited in Peter Gatrell, ‘Tsarist Russia at War: The View from Above, 1914–February 1917', Journal of Modern History, 87:3 (2015), 668–700 (689).69) 19:54David R. Stone, The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2015), 48; Eric Lohr, Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens during the First World War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 136.70) 21:17Peter Gatrell, A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War One (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 3.71) 21:29Tomas Balkelis, ‘Demobilization and Remobilization of German and Lithuanian Paramilitaries after the First World War', Journal of Contemporary History, 50:1 (2015), 38–57 (38).72) 23:22Donald Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).73) 24:04Edward J. Erickson, Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War One (London: Routledge, 2007), 1.74) 24:04A. B. Astashov, Russkii front v 1914-nachale 1917 goda: voennyi opyt i sovremennost' (Moscow: Novyi Khronograf, 2014), 19, 23.75) 25:54P. P. Shcherbinin, ‘Women's Mobilization for War (Russian Empire)', International Encyclopedia of the First World War, .76) 27:34Stone, Russian Army, 4.77) 29:05Stone, Russian Army, ch. 7.78) 30:33Edward D. Sokol, The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1954). Gene Huskey refers to an ‘unknown genocide', in which 100,000 to 120,000 out of 780,000 Kyrghyz were slaughtered: Gene Huskey, ‘Kyrgyzstan: The Politics of Demographic and Economic Frustration', in Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras (eds), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 400.79) 31:01Astashov, Russkii front, 116, 160.80) 31:10William G. Rosenberg, ‘Reading Soldiers' Moods: Russian Military Censorship and the Configuration of Feeling in World War I', American Historical Review, 119:3 (2014), 714–40 (716).81) 32:54A. B. Astashov and P. A. Simmons, Pis'ma s voiny 1914–1917 (Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2015), 128.82) 33:25Joshua Sanborn, ‘The Mobilization of 1914 and the Question of the Russian Nation', Slavic Review, 59:2 (2000), 267–89; S. A. Smith, ‘Citizenship and the Russian Nation during World War I: A Comment', Slavic Review, 59:2 (2000), 316–29.83) 33:38Astashov, Russkii front, 133–4, 179–87.84) 34:24Quoted in A. B. Astashov, ‘Russkii krest'ianin na frontakh Pervoi mirovoi voiny', Otechestvennaia istoriia, 2 (2003), 72–86 (75); Karen Petrone, The Great War in Russian Memory (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011), 91.85) 34:44Mark von Hagen, ‘The Entangled Front in the First World War', in Eric Lohr et al. (eds), The Empire and Nationalism at War (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2014), 9–48 (36); Sanborn, Imperial Apocalypse, 130.86) 35:28Igor V. Narskii, ‘The Frontline Experience of Russian Soldiers in 1914–16', Russian Studies in History, 51:4 (2013), 31–49.87) 36:21Astashov, Russkii front, 224, 279–300.88) 36:45Krivosheev (ed.), Rossiia, table 52.89) 37:02Dietrich Beyrau, ‘Brutalization Revisited: The Case of Russia', Journal of Contemporary History, 50:1 (2015), 15–37 (18).90) 37:29Krivosheev (ed.), Rossiia, table 56.

On this Juneteenth Weekend, Dr. Stephanie Krusemark, co-host of the AdmitIt podcast, sits down with Dr. Marybeth Gasman to discuss the history of race and culture embedded within the minority serving institutions in the United States. We discuss the positive impact these institutions have on student success, the realistic challenges of their survival and ability to thrive, and why it's important to advocate for their sustainability within the larger higher education ecosystem of colleges and universities in the United States and globally. Dr. Marybeth Gasman is the Samuel DeWitt Proctor Endowed Chair in Education, the Executive Director of the Samuel DeWitt Proctor Institute for Leadership, Equity & Justice, and the Executive Director of the Rutgers Center for Minority Serving Institutions at Rutgers University. RESOURCESPublications by Dr. GasmanDoing the Right Thing: How Colleges and Universities Can Undo Systemic Racism in Faculty Hiring (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2022). Educating a Diverse Nation: Lessons from Minority Serving Institutions. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015). Relevant Context MaterialConsider a College With a Focus on Minority Students, U. S. News and World Report Minority Serving Institutions, American Council on Education  Education Dept. Delivers $1.4 Billion in Stimulus Funds to Minority-Serving Institutions, AACRAOBiden Unveils FY 2023 Budget Blueprint, AACRAO

Episode 94:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-5]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6 - This Week]2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917 - 0:22Prospects for Reform - 07:36[Part 7 - 8?]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917[Part 9 - 11?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 12 - 15?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 16 - 18?]5. War Communism[Part 19 - 21?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 22 - 25?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 26?]ConclusionFootnotes:1) 2:01Abraham Ascher, P. A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001).2) 3:53Terence Emmons, The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983).3) 4:53Geoffrey A. Hosking, The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).4) 5:23George Gilbert, The Radical Right in Imperial Russia (London: Routledge, 2015).5) 6:29More than 26,000 people were executed, exiled, or imprisoned for political offences between 1907 and 1909: Peter Waldron, Between Two Revolutions: Stolypin and the Politics of Renewal in Russia (London: UCL Press, 1998), 63.6) 7:25Anna Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894–1917 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995).7) 8:34Linda H. Edmondson, Feminism in Russia, 1900–17 (London: Heinemann, 1984); Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, Equality and Revolution: Women's Rights in the Russian Empire, 1905–1917 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010).8) 9:16Susan Morrissey, ‘Subjects and Citizens, 1905–1917', in Simon Dixon (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Modern Russian History (Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online, 2013).9) 9:53Eric Lohr, ‘The Ideal Citizen and Real Subject in Late Imperial Russia', Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7:2 (2006), 173–94.10) 11:28Joseph Bradley, Voluntary Associations in Tsarist Russia: Science, Patriotism, and Civil Society (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009).11) 12:42There are two excellent introductions to the debate on where Russia was going after 1905: R. B. McKean, Between the Revolutions: Russia, 1905 to 1917 (London: The Historical Association, 1998); Ian D. Thatcher, Late Imperial Russia: Problems and Prospects: Essays in Honour of R. B. McKean (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005).12) 15:46Hosking, Constitutional Experiment; Waldron, Between Two Revolutions.13) 16:31Joshua A. Sanborn, Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905–1925 (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003).14) 17:54D. C. B. Lieven, Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia (London: Allen Lane, 2015), 176, 180.15) 18:46Peter Gatrell, Government, Industry, and Rearmament in Russia, 1900–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 152–5.16) 18:57David Stevenson, Armaments and the Coming of War: Europe, 1904–1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 7. ‘Only Russia could keep up with [Germany] and that inefficiently.' Alan J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848–1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1954), xxviii.17) 19:17Melissa K. Stockdale, Paul Miliukov and the Quest for a Liberal Russia, 1889–1918 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996), 186–8.18) 20:26Waldron, Between Two Revolutions, 171–3.19) 21:00Hosking, Constitutional Experiment, 106.20) 22:11Laura Engelstein, The Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle Russia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992).21) 22:58Clowes, Kassow, and, West (eds), Between Tsar and People.22) 23:18McClelland, Autocrats, 52.23) 24:02Jeffrey Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985).24) 24:25Louise McReynolds, News under Russia's Old Regime: The Development of a Mass-Circulation Press (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 225.25) 24:53McReynolds, News, 237, 234.26) 25:53James von Geldern and Louise McReynolds, Entertaining Tsarist Russia: Tales, Songs, Plays, Movies, Jokes, Ads, and Images from Russian Urban Life, 1779–1917 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), xx.27) 28:05Cited in Engel, Between the Fields and the City, 155.28) 29:24Wayne Dowler, Russia in 1913 (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010), 112.29) 30:19R. E. Zelnik (trans. and ed.), A Radical Worker in Tsarist Russia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1986), 71.30) 30:57D. N. Zhbankov, Bab'ia storona: statistiko-etnograficheskii ocherk (Kostroma, 1891), 27.31) 31:24See the photographs in Christine Ruane, The Empire's New Clothes: A History of the Russian Fashion Industry, 1700–1917 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), 197, 202.32) 32:28Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 2, 134.33) 33:35O. S. Porshneva, Mentalitet i sotsial'noe povedenie rabochikh, krest'ian i soldat Rossii v period pervoi mirovoi voiny (1914-mart 1918g) (Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN, 2000), 146.34) 33:57Heather Hogan, Forging Revolution: Metalworkers, Managers, and the State in St Petersburg, 1890–1914 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), 161–74.35) 35:21Tim McDaniel, Autocracy, Capitalism, and Revolution in Russia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).36) 36:53Leopold H. Haimson and Ronald Petrusha, ‘Two Strike Waves in Imperial Russia, 1905–1907, 1912–1914', in Leopold H. Haimson and Charles Tilly, Strikes, Wars and Revolutions in an International Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge Uuniversity Press, 1989), 101–66 (125).37) 39:57A. P. Korelin and S. V. Tiutukin, Pervaia revoliutisiia v Rossii: vzgliad cherez stoletie (Moscow: Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli, 2005), 536.38) 40:19N. D. Postnikov, Territorial'noe razmeshchenie i chislennost' politicheskikh partii Rossii (1907–fevral' 1917) (Moscow: IIU MGOU, 2015).39) 42:03Postnikov, Territorial'noe razmeshchenie, 56.40) 42:26Postnikov, Territorial'noe razmeshchenie, 56; Michael S. Melancon, Stormy Petrels: The Socialist Revolutionaries in Russia's Labor Organizations, 1905–1914 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Centre for Russian and East European Studies, 1988).41) 44:43Konstantin N. Morozov, ‘Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionnerov vo vremia i posle revoliutsii 1905–1907 gg.', Cahiers du monde russe, 48:2 (2007), 301–30.42) 45:08Postnikov, Territorial'noe razmeshchenie, 56.43) 46:48Reginald E. Zelnik (ed.), Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections (Berkeley: International and Area Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1999).44) 47:16A. Buzinov, Za Nevskoi Zastavoi (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Iz-vo, 1930), 29.

In the last episode of the first season of the ART Informant, Isabelle Imbert welcomes Patricia Blessing, Assistant Professor of Islamic Art and Architecture. Patricia specialises in the history of architecture in medieval Turkey. She published her first book in 2014, titled Rebuilding Anatolia after the Mongol Conquest: Islamic Architecture in the Lands of Rūm, 1240–1330, and is presenting today her second book, forthcoming in July 2022, Architecture and Material Politics in the Fifteenth-century Ottoman Empire (Cambridge University Press). Through the book, Isabelle and Patricia discuss multisensory architecture, artistic networks, the evolution of Turkish Ottoman architecture and the process of publishing a scientific book. If you've liked this episode and want to support, please consider donating.  Mentioned in the Episode and Further Links  Follow the Art Informant on Instagram and TwitterPatricia Blessing, Architecture and Material Politics in the Fifteenth-century Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, Forthcoming July 2022. Patricia Blessing, Rebuilding Anatolia after the Mongol Conquest: Islamic Architecture in the Lands of Rūm, 1240–1330, Ashgate, 2014.Olga Bush, Reframing the Alhambra, Architecture, Poetry, Textiles and Court Ceremonial, Edinburgh University Press, 2018.Sensory Reflections, Traces of Experience in Medieval Artifacts, in Sense, Matter, and Medium, vol. 1, Fiona Griffiths, Kathryn Starkey (eds.), De Gruyter, 2019.Deborah Howard and Laura Moretti, Sound and Space in Renaissance Venice: Architecture, Music, Acoustics, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009 (unavailable on the publisher's website but can be purchased second hand on other specialised websites). Bissera V. Pentcheva, Hagia Sophia: Sound, Space, and Spirit in Byzantium, University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.Michael Meinecke, Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture, Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, New York University Press, 1996.Sara Nur Yıldız, “From Cairo to Ayasuluk: Hacı Paşa and the Transmission of Islamic Learning to Western Anatolia in the Late Fourteenth Century,” Journal of Islamic Studies 25, no. 3 (2014): 263–97.Gülru Necipoğlu, The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005 (unavailable on the publisher's website but can be purchased second hand on other specialised websites).Gülru Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power – The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.

Episode 93:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2-4]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905Autocracy and OrthodoxyPopular ReligionAgriculture and PeasantryIndustrial Capitalism[Part 5 - This Week]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905Political Challenges to the Old Order - 0:28The 1905 Revolution - 17:43[Part 6 - 8?]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917[Part 9 - 11?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 12 - 15?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 16 - 18?]5. War Communism[Part 19 - 21?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 22 - 25?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 26?]ConclusionFigures (see on website): 1.3) 20:01Troops fire on demonstrators, Bloody Sunday 1905.1.4) 33:13The armed uprising in Moscow, DecemberFootnotes:106) 0:47Joseph Conrad, Under Western Eyes (New York: Harper, 1911), 292.107) 3:03Edith W. Clowes, Samuel D. Kassow, and James L. West (eds), Between Tsar and People: Educated Society and the Quest for Public Identity in Late Imperial Russia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991).108) 5:13Franco Venturi, Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in 19th Century Russia (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960).109) 6:19Samuel H. Baron, Plekhanov: The Father of Russian Marxism (London: Routledge, 1963).110) 7:03Robert J. Service, Lenin a Political Life, (3 vols), vol. 1: The Strengths of Contradiction (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985), 138–40.111) 8:16Quoted in Robert J. Service, Lenin: A Biography (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000), 98.112) 8:31Lenin gave no less weight to theoretical reflection than Marx. His fifty-five volumes of Collected Works contain 24,000 documents.113) 9:04Israel Getzler, Martov: A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967), 21.114) 11:25V. I. Lenin, ‘To the Rural Poor' (1903), .115) 12:06Allan K. Wildman, The Making of a Workers' Revolution: Russian Social Democracy, 1891–1903 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967).116) 15:18Oliver Radkey, The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958); Maureen Perrie, The Agrarian Policy of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party from its Origins through the Revolution of 1905–07 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).117) 17:10Shmuel Galai, The Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900–1905 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973).118) 18:08Abraham Ascher; The Revolution of 1905, vol. 1: Russia in Disarray (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988).119) 19:59Gerald D. Surh, 1905 in St Petersburg: Labor, Society and Revolution (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989).120) 21:19Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 1, 136–42.121) 22:32.122) 23:21Mark Steinberg, Moral Communities: The Culture of Class Relations in the Russian Printing Industry, 1867–1907 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 174–6.123) 23:37A. P. Korelin and S. V. Tiutukin, Pervaia revoliutisiia v Rossii: vzgliad cherez stoletie (Moscow: Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli, 2005), 544; Rosa Luxemburg, ‘The Mass Strike' (1906), .124) 28:24.125) 31:00Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 1, ch. 8; Beryl Williams, ‘1905: The View from the Provinces', in Jonathan D. Smele and Anthony Haywood (eds), The Russian Revolution of 1905: Centenary Perspectives (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005), 34–54.126) 33:11Laura Engelstein, Moscow 1905: Working-Class Organization and Political Conflict (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982), 220.127) 33:38Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 2, 22.128) 35:05John Bushnell, Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905–1906 (Bloomington: Indian a University Press, 1985), 76.129) 35:41Shane O'Rourke, ‘The Don Cossacks during the 1905 Revolution: The Revolt of Ust-Medvedevskaia Stanitsa', Russian Review, 57 (Oct. 1998), 583–98 (594).130) 36:33Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 1, 267.131) 36:58Elvira M. Wilbur, ‘Peasant Poverty in Theory and Practice: A View from Russia's “Impoverished Center” at the End of the Nineteenth Century', in Kingston-Mann and Mixter (eds), Peasant Economy, Culture and Politics of European Russiā, 101–27.132) 37:30Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 1, 162; James D. White, ‘The 1905 Revolution in Russia's Baltic Provinces', in Smele and Haywood (eds), The Russian Revolution of 1905, 55–78.133) 37:51Maureen Perrie, ‘The Russian Peasant Movement of 1905–1907: Its Social Composition and Revolutionary Significance', Past and Present, 57 (1972).134) 38:05Robert Edelman, Proletarian Peasants: The Revolution of 1905 in Russia's Southwest (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987).135) 38:14Barbara Alpern Engel, ‘Men, Women and the Languages of Russian Peasant Resistance', in Stephen Frank and Mark Steinberg (eds), Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 41–5.136) 39:24Scott J. Seregny, ‘A Different Type of Peasant Movement: The Peasant Unions in the Russian Revolution of 1905', Slavic Review, 47:1 (Spring 1988), 51–67 (53).137) 39:49O. G. Bukovets, Sotsial'nye konflikty i krest'ianskaia mental'nost' v rossiiskoi imperii nachala XX veka: novye materially, metody, rezul'taty (Moscow: Mosgorarkhiv, 1996), 141, 147.138) 40:41Andrew Verner, ‘Discursive Strategies in the 1905 Revolution: Peasant Petitions from Vladimir Province', Russian Review, 54:1 (1995), 65–90 (75).139) 41:17Ascher, Revolution of 1905, vol. 2, 121.140) 42:07Carter Ellwood, Russian Social Democracy in the Underground: A Study of the RSDRP in the Ukraine, 1907–1914 (Amsterdam: International Institute for Social History, 1974).141) 42:32Stephen F. Jones, Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883–1917 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), ch. 7.142) 43:21Toivo U. Ruan, ‘The Revolution of 1905 in the Baltic Provinces and Finland', Slavic Review, 43:3 (1984), 453–67.143) 44:04Crews, For Prophet and Tsar, 1.144) 45:22Adeeb Khalid, The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).145) 47:28Jeff Sahadeo, Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent, 1865–1923 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007).

Episode 91:This week we're continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1]Introduction[Part 2]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905Autocracy and OrthodoxyPopular Religion[Part 3 - This Week]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905Agriculture and Peasantry - 00:25[Part 4 - 5?]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 6 - 8?]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917[Part 9 - 11?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 12 - 15?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 16 - 18?]5. War Communism[Part 19 - 21?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 22 - 25?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 26?]ConclusionFigures:2) Bringing in the harvest c.1910. - 00:38Footnotes:40) 00:40David Moon, The Russian Peasantry, 1600–1930 (London: Longman, 1999).41) 02:06Richard G. Robbins, Famine in Russia, 1891–1892: The Imperial Government Responds to a Crisis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1975).42) 02:25R. W. Davies, Mark Harrison, and S. G. Wheatcroft (eds), The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 59.43) 02:42Stephan Merl, ‘Socio-economic Differentiation of the Peasantry', in R. W. Davies (ed.), From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990), 52.44) 03:29A. G. Rashin, Naselenie Rossii za sto let (Moscow: Gos. Statisticheskoe Izd-vo, 1956), 198–9.45) 03:59Davies et al. (eds), Economic Transformation, 59; David L. Ransel, ‘Mothering, Medicine, and Infant Mortality in Russia: Some Comparisons', Kennan Institute Occasional Papers, 1990, .46) 04:31Christine D. Worobec, Family and Community in the Post-Emancipation Period (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 175.47) 05:57P. N. Zyrianov, ‘Pozemel'nye otnosheniia v russkoi krest'ianskoi obshchine vo vtoroi polovine XIX—nachale XX veka', in D. F. Aiatskov (ed.), Sobstvennost' na zemliu v Rossii: istoriia i sovremennost' (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2002), 154. Some sources put the number of peasant households in European Russia at 9.2 million.48) 06:26Worobec, Family, 25.49) 07:01Moon, Russian Peasantry, 172.50) 07:19Barbara Alpern Engel, Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work and Family in Russia, 1861–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994); E. Kingston-Mann and T. Mixter, ‘Introduction', in Esther Kingston-Mann and Timothy R. Mixter (eds), Peasant Economy, Culture and Politics in European Russia, 1800–1921 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 14–15.51) 07:51Naselenie Rossii v XX veke: istoricheskie ocherki, vol. 1: 1900–1939gg. (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2000), 57.52) 08:39Worobec, Family, 64; Barbara A. Engel, Women in Russia, 1700–2000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 90; B. M. Firsov and I. G. Kiseleva (eds), Byt velikorusskikh krest'ian-zemlepashtsev: opisanie materialov Etnograficheskogo biuro Kniazia V. N. Tenisheva: na primere Vladimirskoi gubernii (St Petersburg: Izd-vo Evropeiskogo doma, 1993), 262.53) 09:04Worobec, Family, 177.54) 09:38Mandakina Arora, ‘Boundaries, Transgressions, Limits: Peasant Women and Gender Roles in Tver' Province, 1861–1914', PhD Duke University, 1995, 44–50.55) 09:55Naselenie Rossii, 48.56) 10:31Stephen G. Wheatcroft, ‘Crises and the Condition of the Peasantry in Late Imperial Russia', in Kingston-Mann and Mixter (eds), Peasant Economy, Culture and Politics of European Russiā.57) 11:14David Moon, ‘Russia's Rural Economy, 1800–1930', Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 1:4 (2000), 679–90.58) 12:50Paul R. Gregory, Before Command: An Economic History of Russia from Emancipation to the First Five-Year Plan (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Boris Mironov, Blagosostoianie naseleniia i revoliutsii v imperskoi Rossii, XVII—nachalo XX veka (Moscow: Novyi Khronograf, 2010).59) 12:58Boris Mironov and Brian A'Hearn, ‘Russian Living Standards under the Tsars: Anthropometric Evidence from the Volga', Journal of Economic History, 68:3 (2008), 900–29.60) 13:12J. Y. Simms, ‘The Crisis of Russian Agriculture at the End of the Nineteenth Century: A Different View', Slavic Review, 36:3 (1977), 377–98; Eberhard Müller, ‘Der Beitrag der Bauern zur Industrialisierung Russlands, 1885–1930', Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 27:2 (1979), 199–204.61) 14:07Wheatcroft, ‘Crises and the Condition of the Peasantry', 138, 141, 151.62) 15:33Judith Pallot, Land Reform in Russia, 1906–1917: Peasant Responses to Stolypin's Project of Rural Transformation (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), 95.63) 15:49Pallot, Land Reform, 97.64) 16:39Yanni Kotsonis, Making Peasants Backward: Agricultural Cooperatives and the Agrarian Question in Russia, 1861–1914 (London: Macmillan, 1999), 57.65) 17:52Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernisation, 81. Zhurov suggests that nationally between one-fifth and one-quarter of households were wealthy at the beginning of the twentieth century. Iu. V. Zhurov, ‘Zazhitovchnoe krest'ianstvo Rossii v gody revoliutsii, grazhdanskoi voiny i interventsii (1917–1920 gody)', in Zazhitochnoe krest'ianstvo Rossii v istoricheskoi retrospektive (zemlevladenie, zemlepol'zovanie, proizvodstvo, mentalitet), XXVII sessiia simpoziuma po agrarnoi istorii Vostochnoi Evropy (Moscow: RAN, 2000), 147–54.66) 18:48Teodor Shanin, The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, 1910–1925 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972).67) 19:51I. L. Koval'chenko, ‘Stolypinskaia agrarnaia reforma (mify i real'nost)', Istoriia SSR, 2 (1991), 68–9.68) 20:26L. V. Razumov, Rassloenie krest'ianstva Tsentral'no-Promyshlennogo Raiona v kontse XIX–nachale XX veka (Moscow: RAN, 1996).69) 22:31‘Letter from Semyon Martynov, a peasant from Orël, August 1917', in Mark Steinberg, Voices of Revolution (translations by Marian Schwartz) (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), 242.70) 22:52John Channon, ‘The Landowners', in Robert Service (ed.), Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992), 120.71) 23:08Rogger, Russia in the Age of Modernisation, 89 (85).72) 23:49Worobec, Family, 31.73) 24:54Arcadius Kahan, Russian Economic History: The Nineteenth Century (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1989), 190.74) 25:27Gregory Guroff and S. Frederick Starr, ‘A Note on Urban Literacy in Russia, 1890–1914', Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 19:4 (1971), 520–31 (523–4).75) 25:34V. P. Leikina-Svirskaia, Russkaia intelligentsiia v 1900–1917 godakh (Moscow: Mysl', 1981), 7.76) 25:56Barbara E. Clements, History of Women in Russia: From the Earliest Times to the Present (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012), 130.77) 26:12Engel, Women in Russiā, 92; A. G. Rashin, Formirovanie rabochego klassa Rossii (Moscow, 1958), 595.78) 26:20Patrick L. Alston, Education and the State in Tsarist Russia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1969), 248.79) 26:29Ben Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools: Officialdom, Village Culture, and Popular Pedagogy, 1861–1914 (Berkeley: University of California, 1986), 90.80) 26:47James C. McClelland, Autocrats and Academics: Education, Culture and Society in Tsarist Russia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), 44.81) 27:05Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools, 89.82) 27:40E. M. Balashov, Shkola v rossiiskom obshchestve 1917–1927gg. Stanovlenie ‘novogo cheloveka' (St Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2003), 42; Scott J. Seregny, ‘Teachers, Politics and the Peasant Community in Russia, 1895–1918', in Stephen White et al. (eds), School and Society in Tsarist and Soviet Russia (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993), 121–48.83) 28:06Balashov, Shkola, 12.

Episode 89:This week we're starting Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith[Part 1 - This Week]Introduction - 1:01[Part 2 - 4?]1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905[Part 5 - 7?]2. From Reform to War, 1906–1917[Part 8 - 10?]3. From February to October 1917[Part 11 - 14?]4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power[Part 15 - 17?]5. War Communism[Part 18 - 20?]6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy[Part 21 - 24?]7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture[Part 25?]ConclusionFootnotes:1) 3:23François Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 1.2) 16:51Arno Mayer, The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 3.3) 16:40Compare Simon Schama on the French Revolution: ‘In some depressing unavoidable sense, violence was the revolution.' Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (London: Viking, 1989), xv.

References Jeffrey Bale, The Darkest Sides of Politics: Postwar Fascism, Covert Operations, and Terrorism (London: Routledge 2018). Anna Cento Bull, Italian neofascism: The strategy of tension and the politics of nonreconciliation (New York: Berghahn Books, 2008). Brendan Leonard Connors. The US Foreign Service in Italy and the Byington Family Consular Dynasty in Naples (1897-1973). DISSERTATION. (Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2018). Jack Greene and Alessandro Massignani. The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The story of Valerio Borghese and the elite units of the Decima Mas. Da Capo Press, 2004. Franco Ferraresi, Threats to Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012). Vincent P. O'Hara, and Enrico Cernuschi. "Frogmen against a fleet: the Italian attack on Alexandria 18/19 December 1941." Naval War College Review 68, no. 3 (2015): 119-137. Senti le rani che cantano, https://sites.google.com/site/sentileranechecantano/cronologia Aaron A. Taylor. Strike from the Sea: SOF Underwater Operations in Great Power Competition. MASTER'S THESIS. (Naval Postgraduate School, 2020).

Guest host, Shane Burley is an author and filmmaker based in Portland, Oregon. He is the author of Fascism Today: What It Is and How to End It (AK Press, 2017) and Why We Fight: Essays on Fascism, Resistance, and Surviving the Apocalypse and the editor of the forthcoming anthology ¡No pasarán!: Antifascist Dispatches from a World in Crisis. His work is featured in places such as NBC News, Al Jazeera, Jewish Currents, The Daily Beast, The Baffler, Haaretz, Full Stop, Religion Dispatches, Political Research Associates, and Bandcamp Daily. Follow him on Twitter at @shane_burley1 and on Instagram at @shaneburley. Check him out on Patreon. References Jeffrey Bale, The Darkest Sides of Politics: Postwar Fascism, Covert Operations, and Terrorism (London: Routledge 2018). Anna Cento Bull, Italian neofascism: The strategy of tension and the politics of nonreconciliation (New York: Berghahn Books, 2008). Stuart Christie, Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a Black Terrorist (London: Anarchy Mag, 1984). Kevin Coogan, Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey & The Postwar Fascist International (New York: Autonomedia, 1999). Matteo Dendena, 50 years since the Piazza Fontana bombing. Now that I can still remember (English version): Francesca Dendena: history and legacy of a civilian hero (Rome: The Skill Press, 2020). Franco Ferraresi, Threats to Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012). Luciano Lanza, Secrets and Bombs: Piazza Fontana, 1969 (Christiebooks.com, 2003). Luciano Lanza, Secrets and Bombs [blog], 2012, https://secretsandbombs.wordpress.com. Giacomo Pacini, La spia intoccabile. Federico Umberto D'Amato e l'Ufficio Affari Riservati (Turin: Einaudi, 2021). Senti le rani che cantano, https://sites.google.com/site/sentileranechecantano/cronologia Leonard Weinberg and William Lee Eubank, The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987).

1938. Psychology and Religion The Terry Lectures. New Haven: Yale University Press. (contained in Psychology and Religion: West and East Collected Works Vol. 11 ISBN 0-691-09772-0). 1940. The Integration of the Personality, with S. M. Dell. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1944. Psychology and Alchemy (2nd ed. 1968 Collected Works Vol. 12 ISBN 0-691-01831-6). London: Routledge. 1947. Essays on Contemporary Events. London: Kegan Paul. 1947. On the Nature of the Psyche (revised in 1954). London: Ark Paperbacks. (1988 ed. contained in Collected Works Vol. 8). 1949. "Foreword." Pp. xxi-xxxix (19 pages) In The I Ching or Book of Changes, Wilhelm/Baynes translation, Bollingen Edition 19. Princeton University Press.(contained in CW 11). 1951. Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self, Collected Works Vol. 9 Part 2. Princeton, N.J.: Bollingen. ISBN 0-691-01826-X 1952. Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle (1st ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01794-8 (contained in CW 8) 1952. Symbols of Transformation, Collected Works Vol. 5. (A revision of Psychology of the Unconscious, 1912.) ISBN 0-691-01815-4. 1952. Answer to Job. 1958 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (contained in Collected Works Vol. 11) 1956. Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy (1st ed.). London: Routledge. This was Jung's last book length work, completed when he was eighty. 1957. "The Undiscovered Self (Present and Future)". 50-page essay, also contained in CW 10. New York: American Library, 1959. New York: Bollingen, 1990: ISBN 0-691-01894-4.

As observers in Washington look back at the Biden administration's first year and prepare for its forthcoming national security and defense strategies, the Net Assessment crew debates the virtues of muddling through. Does the Biden team have a grand plan? Does it need one? And are errors of omission worse than those of commission? Chris, Melanie, and Zack debate recent articles on muddling through by Josh Rovner, Richard Fontaine, and Anne-Marie Slaughter. Chris gives an attaboy to Tom Brady, since he hasn't won enough already. Melanie issues both a grievance and an attaboy to Newt Gingrich. And Zack hails the wonders of easily available satellite imagery. Links:  Joshua Rovner, “How Long can Biden Muddle Through on China?” War on the Rocks, Jan. 26, 2022, https://warontherocks.com/2022/01/how-long-can-biden-muddle-through-on-china/.  Richard Fontaine, “The Case Against Foreign Policy Solutionism,” Foreign Affairs, Feb. 8, 2021, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-02-08/case-against-foreign-policy-solutionism.  Richard Fontaine, “Washington's Missing China Strategy,” Foreign Affairs, Jan. 14, 2022, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2022-01-14/washingtons-missing-china-strategy.  Anne-Marie Slaughter, “It's Time to Get Honest About the Biden Doctrine,” New York Times, Nov. 12, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/12/opinion/biden-foreign-policy.html.  Amy B. Zegart, Spies, Lies, and Algorithms (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2022), https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691147130/spies-lies-and-algorithms. Stacie L. Pettyjohn, "Spiking the Problem: Developing a Resilient Posture in the Indo-Pacific with Passive Defenses," War on the Rocks, Jan. 10, 2022.   Dustin Walker, “The Pentagon is in Desperate Need of an Intervention from the Top,” War on the Rocks, Jan. 27, 2022.  Joe DiPaolo, " Newt Gingrich Says January 6 Committee Members 'Face a Real Risk of Jail' if Republicans Win the House," Mediaite, Jan. 23, 2022.  Liz Harrington, Tweet, Jan. 30, 2022.  Newt Gingrich, Tweet, Jan. 26, 2022.  The Hill, Tweet, Jan. 26, 2022.  Stephen Breyer, "Why Regulation Rarely Achieves the Goals It Is Designed to Serve," PBS Commanding Heights (no date). Jeff Darlington and Adam Schefter, “Tom Brady retiring after 22 seasons, seven Super Bowl wins with New England Patriots, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, sources say,” ESPN, Jan. 29, 2022, https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/33173652/tom-brady-retiring-22-seasons-seven-super-bowl-wins-new-england-patriots-tampa-bay-buccaneers-sources-say.  Dustin Volz, “Vast Troves of Classified Info Undermine National Security, Spy Chief Says,” Wall Street Journal, Jan. 27, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/vast-troves-of-classified-info-undermine-national-security-spy-chief-says-11643286602.  Oona Hathaway, “Keeping the Wrong Secrets: How Washington Misses the Real Security Threat,” Foreign Affairs (January-February 2022), https://reader.foreignaffairs.com/2021/12/14/keeping-the-wrong-secrets/content.html.  Patrick G. Eddington and Christopher A. Preble, “Bad Idea: Overclassification,” Defense360, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Dec. 6, 2019, https://defense360.csis.org/bad-idea-overclassification/.  Mathew Burrows and Evan Cooper, “Engagement Reframed #1: Vaccinate the world,” New American Engagement Initiative, Feb. 1, 2022, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/engagement-reframed/vaccinate-the-world/.

Bright on Buddhism Episode 8 - What is Dharma? What are the different meanings of the word Dharma? How do these meanings change over time? Resources - Kevin Trainor: Buddhism: An Illustrated Guide; Donald Lopez: Norton Anthology of World Religions: Buddhism; Gethin: He who sees dhamma sees dhammas: dhamma in early buddhism (2004); Chan Master Sheng Yen: Orthodox Chinese Buddhism; Robert E Buswell: Encyclopedia of Buddhism: Dharma; Nagarjuna: Verses of The Middle Way (The Madhyamakarika); Conze, Edward, trans. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines and Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, CA: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973.; Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.; Stearns, Cyrus. The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.; Streng, Frederick. Emptiness: A Study in Religious Meaning. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1967.; Gethin, Rupert (1998): Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press; Hakeda, Yoshito S., trans. (1967): Awakening of Faith Attributed to Aśvaghoṣa, New York: Columbia University Press, archived from the original on September 11, 2013 Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Bright on Buddhism Episode 5 - What is the Middle Way? What is non-attachment? How does it differ from detachment? Kevin Trainor: Buddhism: An Illustrated Guide; Donald Lopez: Norton Anthology of World Religions: Buddhism; Chan Master Sheng Yen: Orthodox Chinese Buddhism; Buddhaghosa, Bhadantācariya & Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli (trans.) (1999). The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga. Seattle, WA: BPS Pariyatti Editions. ISBN 1-928706-00-2.; Nagarjuna: Verses of The Middle Way (The Madhyamakarika); Conze, Edward, trans. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines and Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, CA: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973.; Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.; Stearns, Cyrus. The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.; Streng, Frederick. Emptiness: A Study in Religious Meaning. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1967.; Robert E Buswell: Encyclopedia of Buddhism: The Madhyamaka School, Karen Lang Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host

Bright on Buddhism Episode 4 - Does Buddhism believe in the existence of a soul? What is karma? What are the moral tenets of Buddhism? Resources: Kevin Trainor: Buddhism: An Illustrated Guide; Donald Lopez: Norton Anthology of World Religions: Buddhism; Gethin: He who sees dhamma sees dhammas: dhamma in early buddhism (2004); Chan Master Sheng Yen: Orthodox Chinese Buddhism; Nagarjuna: Verses of The Middle Way (The Madhyamakarika); Conze, Edward, trans. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines and Its Verse Summary. Bolinas, CA: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973.; Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Elaborations on Emptiness: Uses of the Heart Sutra. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.; Stearns, Cyrus. The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.; Streng, Frederick. Emptiness: A Study in Religious Meaning. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1967.; Robert E Buswell: Encyclopedia of Buddhism: Karma, Johannes Bronkhorst. Do you have a question about Buddhism that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by tweeting to us @BrightBuddhism, emailing us at Bright.On.Buddhism@gmail.com, or joining us on our discord server, Hidden Sangha https://discord.gg/tEwcVpu! Credits: Nick Bright: Script, Cover Art, Music, Voice of Hearer, Co-Host Proven Paradox: Editing, mixing and mastering, social media, Voice of Hermit, Co-Host