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The reception to our recent post on Code Reviews has been strong. Catch up!Amid a maelstrom of discussion on whether or not AI is killing SaaS, one of the top publicly listed SaaS companies in the world has just reported record revenues, clearing well over $1.1B in ARR for the first time with a 28% margin. As we comment on the pod, Aaron Levie is the rare public company CEO equally at home in both worlds of Silicon Valley and Wall Street/Main Street, by day helping 70% of the Fortune 500 with their Enterprise Advanced Suite, and yet by night is often found in the basements of early startups and tweeting viral insights about the future of agents.Now that both Cursor, Cloudflare, Perplexity, Anthropic and more have made Filesystems and Sandboxes and various forms of “Just Give the Agent a Box” cool (not just cool; it is now one of the single hottest areas in AI infrastructure growing 100% MoM), we find it a delightfully appropriate time to do the episode with the OG CEO who has been giving humans and computers Boxes since he was a college dropout pitching VCs at a Michael Arrington house party.Enjoy our special pod, with fan favorite returning guest/guest cohost Jeff Huber!Note: We didn't directly discuss the AI vs SaaS debate - Aaron has done many, many, many other podcasts on that, and you should read his definitive essay on it. Most commentators do not understand SaaS businesses because they have never scaled one themselves, and deeply reflected on what the true value proposition of SaaS is.We also discuss Your Company is a Filesystem:We also shoutout CTO Ben Kus' and the AI team, who talked about the technical architecture and will return for AIE WF 2026.Full Video EpisodeTimestamps* 00:00 Adapting Work for Agents* 01:29 Why Every Agent Needs a Box* 04:38 Agent Governance and Identity* 11:28 Why Coding Agents Took Off First* 21:42 Context Engineering and Search Limits* 31:29 Inside Agent Evals* 33:23 Industries and Datasets* 35:22 Building the Agent Team* 38:50 Read Write Agent Workflows* 41:54 Docs Graphs and Founder Mode* 55:38 Token FOMO Culture* 56:31 Production Function Secrets* 01:01:08 Film Roots to Box* 01:03:38 AI Future of Movies* 01:06:47 Media DevRel and EngineeringTranscriptAdapting Work for AgentsAaron Levie: Like you don't write code, you talk to an agent and it goes and does it for you, and you may be at best review it. That's even probably like, like largely not even what you're doing. What's happening is we are changing our work to make the agents effective. In that model, the agent didn't really adapt to how we work.We basically adapted to how the agent works. All of the economy has to go through that exact same evolution. Right now, it's a huge asset and an advantage for the teams that do it early and that are kinda wired into doing this ‘cause you'll see compounding returns. But that's just gonna take a while for most companies to actually go and get this deployed.swyx: Welcome to the Lane Space Pod. We're back in the chroma studio with uh, chroma, CEO, Jeff Hoover. Welcome returning guest now guest host.Aaron Levie: It's a pleasure. Wow. How'd you get upgraded to, uh, to that?swyx: Because he's like the perfect guy to be guest those for you.Aaron Levie: That makes sense actually, for We love context. We, we both really love context le we really do.We really do.swyx: Uh, and we're here with, uh, Aaron Levy. Welcome.Aaron Levie: Thank you. Good to, uh, good to be [00:01:00] here.swyx: Uh, yeah. So we've all met offline and like chatted a little bit, but like, it's always nice to get these things in person and conversation. Yeah. You just started off with so much energy. You're, you're super excited about agents.I loveAaron Levie: agents.swyx: Yeah. Open claw. Just got by, got bought by OpenAI. No, not bought, but you know, you know what I mean?Aaron Levie: Some, some, you know, acquihire. Executiveswyx: hire.Aaron Levie: Executive hire. Okay. Executive hire. Say,swyx: hey, that's my term. Okay. Um, what are you pounding the table on on agents? You have so many insightful tweets.Why Every Agent Needs a BoxAaron Levie: Well, the thing that, that we get super excited by that I think is probably, you know, should be relatively obvious is we've, we've built a platform to help enterprises manage their files and their, their corporate files and the permissions of who has access to those files and the sharing collaboration of those files.All of those files contain really, really important information for the enterprise. It might have your contracts, it might have your research materials, it might have marketing information, it might have your memos. All that data obviously has, you know, predominantly been used by humans. [00:02:00] But there's been one really interesting problem, which is that, you know, humans only really work with their files during an active engagement with them, and they kind of go away and you don't really see them for a long time.And all of a sudden, uh, with the power of AI and AI agents, all of that data becomes extremely relevant as this ongoing source of, of answers to new questions of data that will transform into, into something else that, that produces value in your organization. It, it contains the answer to the new employee that's onboarding, that needs to ramp up on a project.Um, it contains the answer to the right thing to sell a customer when you're having a conversation to them, with them contains the roadmap information that's gonna produce the next feature. So all that data. That previously we've been just sort of storing and, and you know, occasionally forgetting about, ‘cause we're only working on the new active stuff.All of that information becomes valuable to the enterprise and it's gonna become extremely valuable to end users because now they can have agents go find what they're looking for and produce new, new [00:03:00] value and new data on that information. And it's gonna become incredibly valuable to agents because agents can roam around and do a bunch of work and they're gonna need access to that data as well.And um, and you know, sometimes that will be an agent that is sort of working on behalf of, of, of you and, and effectively as you as and, and they are kind of accessing all of the same information that you have access to and, and operating as you in the system. And then sometimes there's gonna be agents that are just.Effectively autonomous and kind of run on their own and, and you're gonna collaborate and work with them kind of like you did another person. Open Claw being the most recent and maybe first real sort of, you know, kind of, you know, up updating everybody's, you know, views of this landscape version of, of what that could look like, which is, okay, I have an agent.It's on its own system, it's on its own computer, it has access to its own tools. I probably don't give it access to my entire life. I probably communicate with it like I would an assistant or a colleague and then it, it sort of has this sandbox environment. So all of that has massive implications for a platform that manage that [00:04:00] enterprise data.We think it's gonna just transform how we work with all of the enterprise content that we work with, and we just have to make sure we're building the right platform to support that.swyx: The sort of shorthand I put it is as people build agents, everybody's just realizing that every agent needs a box. Yes.And it's nice to be called box and just give everyone a box.Aaron Levie: Hey, I if I, you know, if we can make that go viral, uh, like I, I think that that terminology, I, that's theswyx: tagline. Every agentAaron Levie: needs a box. Every agent needs a box. If we can make that the headline of this, I'm fine with this. And that's the billboard I wanna like Yeah, exactly.Every agent needs a box. Um, I like it. Can we ship this? Like,swyx: okay, let's do it. Yeah.Aaron Levie: Uh, my work here is done and I got the value I needed outta this podcast Drinks.swyx: Yeah.Agent Governance and IdentityAaron Levie: But, but, um, but, but, you know, so the thing that we, we kind of think about is, um, is, you know, whether you think the number 10 x or a hundred x or whatever the number is, we're gonna have some order of magnitude more agents than people.That's inevitable. It has to happen. So then the question is, what is the infrastructure that's needed to make all those agents effective in the enterprise? Make sure that they are well governed. Make sure they're only doing [00:05:00] safe things on your information. Make sure that they're not getting exposed. The data that they shouldn't have access to.There's gonna be just incredibly spectacularly crazy security incidents that will happen with agents because you'll prompt, inject an agent and sort of find your way through the CRM system and pull out data that you shouldn't have access to. Oh, weJeff Huber: have God,Aaron Levie: right? I mean, that's just gonna happen all over the place, right?So, so then the thing is, is how do you make sure you have the right security, the permissions, the access controls, the data governance. Um, we actually don't yet exactly know in many cases how we're gonna regulate some of these agents, right? If you think about an agent in financial services, does it have the exact same financial sort of, uh, requirements that a human did?Or is it, is the risk fully on the human that was interacting or created the agent? All open questions, but no matter what, there's gonna need to be a layer that manages the, the data they have access to, the workflows that they're involved in, pulling up data from multiple systems. This is the new infrastructure opportunity in the era of agents.swyx: You have a piece on agent identities, [00:06:00] which I think was today, um, which I think a lot of breaking news, the security, security people are talking about, right? Like you basically, I, I always think of this as like, well you need the human you and then there you need the agent. YouAaron Levie: Yes.swyx: And uh, well, I don't know if it's that simple, but is box going to have an opinion on that or you're just gonna be like, well we're just the sort of the, the source layer.Yeah. Let's Okta of zero handle that.Aaron Levie: I think we're gonna have an opinion and we will work with generally wherever the contours of the market end up. Um, and the reason that we're gonna have an opinion more than other topics probably is because one of the biggest use cases for why your agent might need it, an identity is for file system access.So thus we have to kind of think about this pretty deeply. And I think, uh, unless you're like in our world thinking about this particular problem all day long, it might be, you know, like, why is this such a big deal? And the reason why it's a really big deal is because sometimes sort of say, well just give the agent an, an account on the system and it just treats, treat it like every other type of user on the system.The [00:07:00] problem is, is that I as Aaron don't really have any responsibility over anybody else's box account in our organization. I can't see the box account of any other employee that I work with. I am not liable for anything that they do. And they have, I have, I have, you know, strict privacy requirements on everything that they're able to, you know, that, that, that they work on.Agents don't have that, you know, don't have those properties. The person who creates the agent probably is gonna, for the foreseeable future, take on a lot of the liability of what that agent does. That agent doesn't deserve any privacy because, because it's, you know, it can't fully be autonomously operated and it doesn't have any legal, you know, kind of, you know, responsibility.So thus you can't just be like, oh, well I'll just create a bunch of accounts and then I'll, I'll kind of work with that agent and I'll talk to it occasionally. Like you need oversight of that. And so then the question is, how do you have a world where the agent, sometimes you have oversight of, but what if that agent goes and works with other people?That person over there is collaborating with the agent on something you shouldn't have [00:08:00] access to what they're doing. So we have all of these new boundaries that we're gonna have to figure out of, of, you know, it's really, really easy. So far we've been in, in easy mode. We've hit the easy button with ai, which is the agent just is you.And when you're in quad code and you're in cursor, and you're in Codex, you're just, the agent is you. You're offing into your services. It can do everything you can do. That's the easy mode. The hard mode is agents are kind of running on their own. People check in with them occasionally, they're doing things autonomously.How do you give them access to resources in the enterprise and not dramatically increased the security risk and the risk that you might expose the wrong thing to somebody. These are all the new problems that we have to get solved. I like the identity layer and, and identity vendors as being a solution to that, but we'll, we'll need some opinions as well because so many of the use cases are these collaborative file system use cases, which is how do I give it an agent, a subset of my data?Give it its own workspace as well. ‘cause it's gonna need to store off its own information that would be relevant for it. And how do I have the right oversight into that? [00:09:00]Jeff Huber: One thing, which, um, I think is kind interesting, think about is that you know, how humans work, right? Like I may not also just like give you access to the whole file.I might like sit next to you and like scroll to this like one part of the file and just show you that like one part and like, you know,swyx: partial file access.Jeff Huber: I'm just saying I think like our, like RA does seem to be dead, right? Like you wanna say something is dead uhhuh probably RA is dead. And uh, like the auth story to me seems like incredibly unsolved and unaddressed by like the existing state of like AI vendors.ButAaron Levie: yeah, I think, um, we're, I mean you're taking obviously really to level limit that we probably need to solve for. Yeah. And we built an access control system that was, was kind of like, you know, its own little world for, for a long time. And um, and the idea was this, it's a many to many collaboration system where I can give you any part of the file system.And it's a waterfall model. So if I give you higher up in the, in the, in the system, you get everything below. And that, that kind of created immense flexibility because I can kind of point you to any layer in the, in the tree, but then you're gonna get access to everything kind of below it. And that [00:10:00] mostly is, is working in this, in this world.But you do have to manage this issue, which is how do I create an agent that has access to some of my stuff and somebody else's stuff as well. Mm-hmm. And which parts do I get to look at as the creator of the agent? And, and these are just brand new problems? Yeah. Crazy. And humans, when there was a human there that was really easy to do.Like, like if the three of us were all sharing, there'd be a Venn diagram where we'd have an overlapping set of things we've shared, but then we'd have our own ways that we shared with each other. In an agent world, somebody needs to take responsibility for what that agent has access to and what they're working on.These are like the, some of the most probably, you know, boring problems for 98% of people on, on the internet, but they will be the problems that are the difference between can you actually have autonomous agents in an enterprise contextswyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: That are not leaking your data constantly.swyx: No. Like, I mean, you know, I run a very, very small company for my conference and like we already have data sensitivity issues.Yes. And some of my team members cannot see Yes. Uh, the others and like, I can't imagine what it's like to run a Fortune 500 and like, you have to [00:11:00] worry about this. I'm just kinda curious, like you, you talked to a lot like, like 70, 80% of your cus uh, of the Fortune 500, your customers.Aaron Levie: Yep. 67%. Just so we're being verySEswyx: precise.So Yeah. I'm notAaron Levie: Okay. Okay.swyx: Something I'm rounding up. Yes. Round up. I'm projecting to, forAaron Levie: the government.swyx: I'm projecting to the end of the year.Aaron Levie: Okay.swyx: There you go.Aaron Levie: You do make it sound like, like we, we, well we've gotta be on this. Like we're, we're taking way too long to get to 80%. Well,swyx: no, I mean, so like. How are they approaching it?Right? Because you're, you don't have a, you don't have a final answer yet.Why Coding Agents Took Off FirstAaron Levie: Well, okay, so, so this is actually, this is the stark reality that like, unfortunately is the kinda like pouring the water on the party a little bit.swyx: Yes.Aaron Levie: We all in Silicon Valley are like, have the absolute best conditions possible for AI ever.And I think we all saw the dke, you know, kind of Dario podcast and this idea of AI coding. Why is that taken off? And, and we're not yet fully seeing it everywhere else. Well, look, if you just like enumerated the list of properties that AI coding has and then compared it to other [00:12:00] knowledge work, let's just, let's just go through a few of them.Generally speaking, you bring on a new engineer, they have access to a large swath of the code base. Like, there's like very, like you, just, like new engineer comes on, they can just go and find the, the, the stuff that they, they need to work with. It's a fully text in text out. Medium. It's only, it's just gonna be text at the end of the day.So it's like really great from a, from just a, uh, you know, kinda what the agent can work with. Obviously the models are super trained on that dataset. The labs themselves have a really strong, kind of self-reinforcing positive flywheel of why they need to do, you know, agent coding deeply. So then you get just better tooling, better services.The actual developers of the AI are daily users of the, of the thing that they're we're working on versus like the, you know, probably there's only like seven Claude Cowork legal plugin users at Anthropic any given day, but there's like a couple thousand Claude code and you know, users every single day.So just like, think about which one are they getting more feedback on. All day long. So you just go through this list. You have a, you know, everybody who's a [00:13:00] developer by definition is technical so they can go install the latest thing. We're all generally online, or at least, you know, kinda the weird ones are, and we're all talking to each other, sharing best practices, like that's like already eight differences.Versus the rest of the economy. Every other part of the economy has like, like six to seven headwinds relative to that list. You go into a company, you're a banker in financial services, you have access to like a, a tiny little subset of the total data that's gonna be relevant to do your job. And you're have to start to go and talk to a bunch of people to get the right data to do your job because Sally didn't add you to that deal room, you know, folder.And that that, you know, the information is actually in a completely different organization that you now have to go in and, and sort of run into. And it's like you have this endless list of access controls and security. As, as you talked about, you have a medium, which is not, it's not just text, right? You have, you have a zoom call that, that you're getting all of the requirements from the customer.You have a lot of in-person conversations and you're doing in-person sales and like how do you ever [00:14:00] digitize all of that information? Um, you know, I think a lot of people got upset with this idea that the code base has all the context, um, that I don't know if you follow, you know, did you follow some of that conversation that that went viral?Is like, you know, it's not that simple that, that the code base doesn't have all the knowledge, but like it's a lot, you're a lot better off than you are with other areas of knowledge work. Like you, we like, we like have documentation practices, you write specifications. Those things don't exist for like 80% of work that happens in the enterprise.That's the divide that we have, which is, which is AI coding has, has just fully, you know, where we've reached escape velocity of how powerful this stuff is, and then we're gonna have to find a way to bring that same energy and momentum, but to all these other areas of knowledge work. Where the tools aren't there, the data's not set up to be there.The access controls don't make it that easy. The context engineering is an incredibly hard problem because again, you have access control challenges, you have different data formats. You have end users that are gonna need to kind of be kind of trained through this as opposed to their adopting [00:15:00] these tools in their free time.That's where the Fortune 500 is. And so we, I think, you know, have to be prepared as an industry where we are gonna be on a multi-year march to, to be able to bring agents to the enterprise for these workflows. And I think probably the, the thing that we've learned most in coding that, that the rest of the world is not yet, I think ready for, I mean, we're, they'll, they'll have to be ready for it because it's just gonna inevitably happen is I think in coding.What, what's interesting is if you think about the practice of coding today versus two years ago. It's probably the most changed workflow in maybe the history of time from the amount of time it's changed, right? Yeah. Like, like has any, has any workflow in the entire economy changed that quickly in terms of the amount of change?I just, you know, at least in any knowledge worker workflow, there's like very rarely been an event where one piece of technology and work practice has so fundamentally, you know, changed, changed what you do. Like you don't write code, you talk to an agent and it goes and [00:16:00] does it for you, and you may be at best review it.And even that's even probably like, like largely not even what you're doing. What's happening is we are changing our work to make the agents effective. In that model, the agent didn't really adapt to how we work. We basically adapted to how the agent works. Mm-hmm. All of the economy has to go through that exact same evolution.The rest of the economy is gonna have to update its workflows to make agents effective. And to give agents the context that they need and to actually figure out what kind of prompting works and to figure out how do you ensure that the agent has the right access to information to be able to execute on its work.I, you know, this is not the panacea that people were hoping for, of the agent drops in, just automates your life. Like you have to basically re-engineer your workflow to get the most out of agents and, uh, and that, that's just gonna take, you know, multiple years across the economy. Right now it's a huge asset and an advantage for the teams that do it early and that are kinda wired into doing this.‘cause [00:17:00] you'll see compounding returns, but that's just gonna take a while for most companies to actually go and get this deployed.swyx: I love, I love pushing back. I think that. That is what a lot of technology consultants love to hear this sort of thing, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. First to, to embrace the ai. Yes. To get to the promised land, you must pay me so much money to a hundred percent to adopt the prescribed way of, uh, conforming to the agents.Yes. And I worry that you will be eclipsed by someone else who says, no, come as you are.Aaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: And we'll meet you where you are.Aaron Levie: And, and, and and what was the thing that went viral a week ago? OpenAI probably, uh, is hiring F Dees. Yeah. Uh, to go into the enterprise. Yeah. Yeah. And then philanthropic is embedded at Goldman Sachs.Yeah. So if the labs are having to do this, if, if the labs have decided that they need to hire FDE and professional services, then I think that's a pretty clear indication that this, there's no easy mode of workflow transformation. Yeah. Yeah. So, so to your point, I think actually this is a market opportunity for, you know, new professional services and consulting [00:18:00] firms that are like Agent Build and they, and they kind of, you know, go into organizations and they figure out how to re-engineer your workflows to make them more agent ready and get your data into the right format and, you know, reconstruct your business process.So you're, you're not doing most of the work. You're telling agents how to do the work and then you're reviewing it. But I haven't seen the thing that can just drop in and, and kinda let you not go through those changes.swyx: I don't know how that kind of sales pitch goes over. Yeah. You know, you're, you're saying things like, well, in my sort of nice beautiful walled garden, here's, there's, uh, because here's this, here's this beautiful box account that has everything.Yes. And I'm like, well, most, most real life is extremely messy. Sure. And like, poorly named and there duplicate this outdated s**tAaron Levie: a hundred percent. And so No, no, a hundred percent. And so this is actually No. So, so this is, I mean, we agree that, that getting to the beautiful garden is gonna be tough.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: There's also the other end of the spectrum where I, I just like, it's a technical impossibility to solve. The agent is, is truly cannot get enough context to make the right decision in, in the, in the incredibly messy land. Like there's [00:19:00] no a GI that will solve that. So, so we're gonna have to kind of land in somewhere in between, which is like we all collectively get better at.Documentation practices and, and having authoritative relatively up-to-date information and putting it in the right place like agents will, will certainly cause us to be much better organized around how we work with our information, simply because the severity of the agent pulling the wrong data will be too high and the productivity gain of that you'll miss out on by not doing this will be too high as well, that you, that your competition will just do it and they'll just have higher velocity.So, uh, and, and we, we see this a lot firsthand. So we, we build a series of agents internally that they can kind of have access to your full box account and go off and you give it a task and it can go find whatever information you're looking for and work with. And, you know, thank God for the model progress, but like, if, if you gave that task to an agent.Nine months ago, you're just gonna get lots of bogus answers because it's gonna, it's gonna say, Hey, here's, here are fi [00:20:00] five, you know, documents that all kind of smell like the right thing. And I'm gonna, but I, but you're, you're putting me on the clock. ‘cause my assistant prompt says like, you know, be pretty smart, but also try and respond to the user and it's gonna respond.And it's like, ah, it got the wrong document. And then you do that once or twice as a knowledge worker and you're just neverswyx: again,Aaron Levie: never again. You're just like done with the system.swyx: Yeah. It doesn't work.Aaron Levie: It doesn't work. And so, you know, Opus four six and Gemini three one Pro and you know, whatever the latest five 3G BT will be, like, those things are getting better and better and it's using better judgment.And this sort of like the, all of these updates to the agentic tool and search systems are, are, we're seeing, we're seeing very real progress where the agent. Kind of can, can almost smell some things a little bit fishy when it's getting, you know, we, we have this process where we, we have it go fan out, do a bunch of searches, pull up a bunch of data, and then it has to sort of do its own ranking of, you know, what are the right documents that, that it should be working with.And again, like, you know, the intelligence level of a model six months ago, [00:21:00] it'd be just throwing a dart at like, I'm just, I'm gonna grab these seven files and I, I pray, I hope that that's the right answer. And something like an opus first four five, and now four six is like, oh, it's like, no, that one doesn't seem right relative to this question because I'm seeing some signal that is making that, you know, that's contradicting the document where it would normally be in the tree and who should have access.Like it's doing all of that kind of work for you. But like, it still doesn't work if you just have a total wasteland of data. Like, it's just not, it's just not possible. Partly ‘cause a human wouldn't even be able to do it. So basically if a, if a really, really smart human. Could not do that task in five or 10 minutes for a search retrieval type task.Look, you know, your agent's not gonna be able to do it any better. You see this all day long. SoContext Engineering and Search Limitsswyx: this touches on a thing that just passionate about it was just context engineering. I, I'm just gonna let you ramble or riff on, on context engineering. If, if, if there's anything like he, he did really good work on context fraud, which has really taken over as like the term that people use and the referenceAaron Levie: a hundred percent.We, we all we think about is, is the context rob problem. [00:22:00]Jeff Huber: Yeah, there's certainly a lot of like ranking considerations. Gentech surgery think is incredibly promising. Um, yeah, I was trying to generate a question though. I think I have a question right now. Swyx.Aaron Levie: Yeah, no, but like, like I think there was this moment, um, you know, like, I don't know, two years ago before, before we knew like where the, the gotchas were gonna be in ai and I think someone was like, was like, well, infinite context windows will just solve all of these problems and ‘cause you'll just, you'll just give the context window like all the data and.It's just like, okay, I mean, maybe in 2035, like this is a viable solution. First of all, it, it would just, it would just simply cost too much. Like we just can't give the model like the 5,000 documents that might be relevant and it's gonna read them all. And I've seen enough to, to start believing in crazy stuff.So like, I'm willing to just say, sure. Like in, in 10 years from now,swyx: never say, never, never.Aaron Levie: In, in 10 years from now, we'll have infinite context windows at, at a thousandth of the price of today. Like, let's just like believe that that's possible, but Right. We're in reality today. So today we have a context engineering [00:23:00] problem, which is, I got, I got, you know, 200,000 tokens that I can work with, or prob, I don't even know what the latest graph is before, like massive degradation.16. Okay. I have 60,000 tokens that I get to work with where I'm gonna get accurate information. That's not a lot of tokens for a corpus of 10 million documents that a knowledge worker might have across all of the teams and all the projects and all the people they work with. I have, I have 10 million documents.Which, you know, maybe is times five pages per document or something like that. I'm at 50 million pages of information and I have 60,000 tokens. Like, holy s**t. Yeah. This is like, how do I bridge the 50 million pages of information with, you know, the couple hundred that I get to work with in that, in that token window.Yeah. This is like, this is like such an interesting problem and that's why actually so much work is actually like, just like search systems and the databases and that layer has to just get so locked in, but models getting better and importantly [00:24:00] knowing when they've done a search, they found the wrong thing, they go back, they check their work, they, they find a way to balance sort of appeasing the user versus double checking.We have this one, we have this one test case where we ask the agent to go find. 10 pieces of information.swyx: Is this the complex work eval?Aaron Levie: Uh, this is actually not in the eval. This is, this is sort of just like we have a bunch of different, we have a bunch of internal benchmark kind of scenarios. Every time we, we update our agent, we have one, which is, I ask it to find all of our office addresses, and I give it the list of 10 offices that we have.And there's not one document that has this, maybe there should be, that would be a great example of the kind of thing that like maybe over time companies start to, you know, have these sort of like, what are the canonical, you know, kind of key areas of knowledge that we need to have. We don't seem to have this one document that says, here are all of our offices.We have a bunch of documents that have like, here's the New York office and whatever. So you task this agent and you, you get, you say, I need the addresses for these 10 offices. Okay. And by the way, if you do this on any, you know, [00:25:00] public chat model, the same outcome is gonna happen. But for a different kind of query, you give it, you say, I need these 10 addresses.How many times should the agent go and do its search before it decides whether or not, there's just no answer to this question. Often, and especially the, the, let's say lower tier models, it'll come back and it'll give you six of the 10 addresses. And it'll, and I'll just say I couldn't find the otherswyx: four.It, it doesn't know what It doesn't know. ItAaron Levie: doesn't know what It doesn't know. Yeah. So the model is just like, like when should it stop? When should it stop doing? Like should it, should it do that task for literally an hour and just keep cranking through? Maybe I actually made up an office location and it doesn't know that I made it up and I didn't even know that I made it up.Like, should it just keep, re should it read every single file in your entire box account until it, until it should exhaust every single piece of information.swyx: Expensive.Aaron Levie: These are the new problems that we have. So, you know, something like, let's say a new opus model is sort of like, okay, I'm gonna try these types of queries.I didn't get exactly what I wanted. I'm gonna try again. I'm gonna, at [00:26:00] some point I'm gonna stop searching. ‘cause I've determined that that no amount of searching is gonna solve this problem. I'm just not able to do it. And that judgment is like a really new thing that the model needs to be able to have.It's like, when should it give up on a task? ‘cause, ‘cause you just don't, it's a can't find the thing. That's the real world of knowledge, work problems. And this is the stuff that the coding agents don't have to deal with. Because they, it just doesn't like, like you're not usually asking it about, you're, you're always creating net new information coming right outta the model for the most part.Obviously it has to know about your code base and your specs and your documentation, but, but when you deploy an agent on all of your data that now you have all of these new problems that you're dealing withJeff Huber: our, uh, follow follow-up research to context ride is actually on a genetic search. Ah. Um, and we've like right, sort of stress tested like frontier models and their ability to search.Um, and they're not actually that good at searching. Right. Uh, so you're sort of highlighting this like explore, exploit.swyx: You're just say, Debbie, Donna say everything doesn't work. Like,Aaron Levie: well,Jeff Huber: somebody has to be,Aaron Levie: um, can I just throw out one more thing? Yeah. That is different from coding and, and the rest [00:27:00] of the knowledge work that I, I failed to mention.So one other kind of key point is, is that, you know, at the end of the day. Whether you believe we're in a slop apocalypse or, or whatever. At the end of the day, if you, if you build a working product at the end of, if you, if you've built a working solution that is ultimately what the customer is paying for, like whether I have a lot of slop, a little slop or whatever, I'm sure there's lots of code bases we could go into in enterprise software companies where it's like just crazy slop that humans did over a 20 year period, but the end customer just gets this little interface.They can, they can type into it, it does its thing. Knowledge work, uh, doesn't have that property. If I have an AI model, go generate a contract and I generate a contract 20 times and, you know, all 20 times it's just 3% different and like that I, that, that kind of lop introduces all new kinds of risk for my organization that the code version of that LOP didn't, didn't introduce.These are, and so like, so how do you constrain these models to just the part that you want [00:28:00] them to work on and just do the thing that you want them to do? And, and, you know, in engineering, we don't, you can't be disbarred as an engineer, but you could be disbarred as a lawyer. Like you can do the wrong medical thing In healthcare, you, there's no, there's no equivalent to that of engineering.Like, doswyx: you want there to be, because I've considered softwareJeff Huber: engineer. What's that? Civil engineering there is, right? NotAaron Levie: software civil engineer. Sure. Oh yeah, for sure. But like in any of our companies, you like, you know, you'll be forgiven if you took down the site and, and we, we will do a rollback and you'll, you'll be in a meeting, but you have not been disbarred as an engineer.We don't, we don't change your, you know, your computer science, uh, blameJeff Huber: degree, this postmortem.Aaron Levie: Yeah, exactly. Exactly. So, so, uh, now maybe we collectively as an industry need to figure out like, what are you liable for? Not legally, but like in a, in a management sense, uh, of these agents. All sorts of interesting problems that, that, that, uh, that have to come out.But in knowledge work, that's the real hostile environments that we're operating in. Hmm.swyx: I do think like, uh, a lot of the last year's, 2025 story was the rise of coding agents and I think [00:29:00] 2026 story is definitely knowledge work agents. Yes. A hundredAaron Levie: percent.swyx: Right. Like that would, and I think open claw core work are just the beginning.Yes. Like it's, the next one's gonna just gonna be absolute craziness.Aaron Levie: It it is. And, and, uh, and it's gonna be, I mean, again, like this is gonna be this, this wave where we, we are gonna try and bring as many of the practices from coding because that, that will clearly be the forefront, which is tell an agent to go do something and has an access to a set of resources.You need to be responsible for reviewing it at the end of the process. That to me is the, is the kind of template that I just think goes across knowledge, work and odd. Cowork is a great example. Open Closet's a great example. You can kind of, sort of see what Codex could become over time. These are some, some really interesting kind of platforms that are emerging.swyx: Okay. Um, I wanted to, we touched on evals a little bit. You had, you had the report that you're gonna go bring up and then I was gonna go into like, uh, boxes, evals, but uh, go ahead. Talk about your genetic search thing.Jeff Huber: Yeah. Mostly I think kinda a few of the insights. It's like number one frontier model is not good at search.Humans have this [00:30:00] natural explore, exploit trade off where we kinda understand like when to stop doing something. Also, humans are pretty good at like forgetting actually, and like pruning their own context, whereas agents are not, and actually an agent in their kind of context history, if they knew something was bad and they even, you could see in the trace the reason you trace, Hey, that probably wasn't a good idea.If it's still in the trace, still in the context, they'll still do it again. Uhhuh. Uh, and so like, I think pruning is also gonna be like, really, it's already becoming a thing, right? But like, letting self prune the con windowsswyx: be a big deal. Yeah. So, so don't leave the mistake. Don't leave the mistake in there.Cut out the mistake but tell it that you made a mistake in the past and so it doesn't repeat it.Jeff Huber: Yeah. But like cut it out so it doesn't get like distracted by it again. ‘cause really, you know, what is so, so it will repeat its mistake just because it's been, it's inswyx: theJeff Huber: context. It'sAaron Levie: in the context so much.That's a few shot example. Even if it, yeah.Jeff Huber: It's like oh thisAaron Levie: is a great thing to go try even ifJeff Huber: it didn't work.Aaron Levie: Yeah,Jeff Huber: exactly.Aaron Levie: SoJeff Huber: there's like a bunch of stuff there. JustAaron Levie: Groundhogs Day inside these models. Yeah. I'm gonna go keep doing the same wrongJeff Huber: thing. Covering sense. I feel like, you know, some creator analogy you're trying like fit a manifold in latent space, which kind is doing break program synthesis, which is kinda one we think about we're doing right.Like, you know, certain [00:31:00] facts might be like sort of overly pitting it. There are certain, you know, sec sectors of latent space and so like plug clean space. Yeah. And, uh, andswyx: so we have a bell, our editor as a bell every time you say that. SoJeff Huber: you have, you have to like remove those, likeswyx: you shoulda a gong like TPN or something.IfJeff Huber: we gong, you either remove those links to like kinda give it the freedom, kind of do what you need to do. So, but yeah. We'll, we'll release more soon. That'sAaron Levie: awesome.Jeff Huber: That'll, that'll be cool.swyx: We're a cerebral podcast that people listen to us and, and sort of think really deep. So yeah, we try to keep it subtle.Okay. We try to keep it.Aaron Levie: Okay, fine.Inside Agent Evalsswyx: Um, you, you guys do, you guys do have EVs, you talked about your, your office thing, but, uh, you've been also promoting APEX agents and complex work. Uh, yeah, whatever you, wherever you wanna take this just Yeah. How youAaron Levie: Apex is, is obviously me, core's, uh, uh, kind of, um, agent eval.We, we supported that by sort of. Opening up some data for them around how we kind of see these, um, data workspaces in, in the, you know, kind of regular economy. So how do lawyers have a workspace? How do investment bankers have a workspace? What kind of data goes into those? And so we, [00:32:00] we partner with them on their, their apex eval.Our own, um, eval is, it's actually relatively straightforward. We have a, a set of, of documents in a, in a range of industries. We give the agent previously did this as a one shot test of just purely the model. And then we just realized we, we need to, based on where everything's going, it's just gotta be more agentic.So now it's a bit more of a test of both our harness and the model. And we have a rubric of a set of things that has to get right and we score it. Um, and you're just seeing, you know, these incredible jumps in almost every single model in its own family of, you know, opus four, um, you know, sonnet four six versus sonnet four five.swyx: Yeah. We have this up on screen.Aaron Levie: Okay, cool. So some, you're seeing it somewhere like. I, I forget the to, it was like 15 point jump, I think on the main, on the overall,swyx: yes.Aaron Levie: And it's just like, you know, these incredible leaps that, that are starting to happen. Um,swyx: and OP doesn't know any, like any, it's completely held out from op.Aaron Levie: This is not in any, there's no public data which has, you know, Ben benefits and this is just a private eval that we [00:33:00] do, and then we just happen to show it to, to the world. Hmm. So you can't, you can't train against it. And I think it's just as representative of. It's obviously reasoning capabilities, what it's doing at, at, you know, kind of test time, compute capabilities, thinking levels, all like the context rot issues.So many interesting, you know, kind of, uh, uh, capabilities that are, that are now improvingswyx: one sector that you have. That's interesting.Industries and Datasetsswyx: Uh, people are roughly familiar with healthcare and legal, but you have public sector in there.Aaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: Uh, what's that? Like, what, what, what is that?Aaron Levie: Yeah, and, and we actually test against, I dunno, maybe 10 industries.We, we end up usually just cutting a few that we think have interesting gains. All extras, won a lot of like government type documents. Um,swyx: what is that? What is it? Government type documents?Aaron Levie: Government filings. Like a taxswyx: return, likeAaron Levie: a probably not tax returns. It would be more of what would go the government be using, uh, as data.So, okay. Um, so think about research that, that type of, of, of data sets. And then we have financial services for things like data rooms and what would be in an investment prospectus. Uhhuh,swyx: that one you can dog food.Aaron Levie: Yeah, exactly. Exactly. Yes. Yes. [00:34:00] So, uh, so we, we run the models, um, in now, you know, more of an agent mode, but, but still with, with kinda limited capacity and just try and see like on a, like, for like basis, what are the improvements?And, and again, we just continue to be blown away by. How, how good these models are getting.swyx: Yeah, I mean, I think every serious AI company needs something like that where like, well, this is the work we do. Here's our company eval. Yeah. And if you don't have it, well, you're not a serious AI company.Aaron Levie: There's two dimensions, right?So there's, there's like, how are the models improving? And so which models should you either recommend a customer use, which one should you adopt? But then every single day, we're making changes to our agents. And you need to knowswyx: if you regressed,Aaron Levie: if you know. Yeah. You know, I've been fully convinced that the whole agent observability and eval space is gonna be a massive space.Um, super excited for what Braintrust is doing, excited for, you know, Lang Smith, all the things. And I think what you're going to, I mean, this is like every enter like literally every enterprise right now. It's like the AI companies are the customers of these tools. Every enterprise will have this. Yeah, you'll just [00:35:00] have to have an eval.Of all of your work and like, we'll, you'll have an eval of your RFP generation, you'll have an eval of your sales material creation. You'll have an eval of your, uh, invoice processing. And, and as you, you know, buy or use new agentic systems, you are gonna need to know like, what's the quality of your, of your pipeline.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: Um, so huge, huge market with agent evals.swyx: Yeah.Building the Agent Teamswyx: And, and you know, I'm gonna shout out your, your team a bit, uh, your CTO, Ben, uh, did a great talk with us last year. Awesome. And he's gonna come back again. Oh, cool. For World's Fair.Aaron Levie: Yep.swyx: Just talk about your team, like brag a little bit. I think I, I think people take these eval numbers in pretty charts for granted, but No, there, I mean, there's, there's lots of really smart people at work during all this.Aaron Levie: Biggest shout out, uh, is we have a, we have a couple folks at Dya, uh, Sidarth, uh, that, that kind of run this. They're like a, you know, kind of tag tag team duo on our evals, Ben, our CTO, heavily involved Yasha, head of ai, uh, you know, a bunch of folks. And, um, evals is one part of the story. And then just like the full, you know, kind of AI.An agent team [00:36:00] is, uh, is a, is a pretty, you know, is core to this whole effort. So there's probably, I don't know, like maybe a few dozen people that are like the epicenter. And then you just have like layers and layers of, of kind of concentric circles of okay, then there's a search team that supports them and an infrastructure team that supports them.And it's starting to ripple through the entire company. But there's that kind of core agent team, um, that's a pretty, pretty close, uh, close knit group.swyx: The search team is separate from the infra team.Aaron Levie: I mean, we have like every, every layer of the stack we have to kind of do, except for just pure public cloud.Um, but um, you know, we, we store, I don't even know what our public numbers are in, you know, but like, you can just think about it as like a lot of data is, is stored in box. And so we have, and you have every layer of the, of the stack of, you know, how do you manage the data, the file system, the metadata system, the search system, just all of those components.And then they all are having to understand that now you've got this new customer. Which is the agent, and they've been building for two types of customers in the past. They've been building for users and they've been building for like applications. [00:37:00] And now you've got this new agent user, and it comes in with a difference of it, of property sometimes, like, hey, maybe sometimes we should do embeddings, an embedding based, you know, kind of search versus, you know, your, your typical semantic search.Like, it's just like you have to build the, the capabilities to support all of this. And we're testing stuff, throwing things away, something doesn't work and, and not relevant. It's like just, you know, total chaos. But all of those teams are supporting the agent team that is kind of coming up with its requirements of what, what do we need?swyx: Yeah. No, uh, we just came from, uh, fireside chat where you did, and you, you talked about how you're doing this. It's, it's kind of like an internal startup. Yeah. Within the broader company. The broader company's like 3000 people. Yeah. But you know, there's, there's a, this is a core team of like, well, here's the innovation center.Aaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: And like that every company kind of is run this way.Aaron Levie: Yeah. I wanna be sensitive. I don't call it the innovation center. Yeah. Only because I think everybody has to do innovation. Um, there, there's a part of the, the, the company that is, is sort of do or die for the agent wave.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: And it only happens to be more of my focus simply because it's existential that [00:38:00] we get it right.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: All of the supporting systems are necessary. All of the surrounding adjacent capabilities are necessary. Like the only reason we get to be a platform where you'd run an agent is because we have a security feature or a compliance feature, or a governance feature that, that some team is working on.But that's not gonna be the make or break of, of whether we get agents right. Like that already exists and we need to keep innovating there. I don't know what the right, exact precise number is, but it's not a thousand people and it's not 10 people. There's a number of people that are like the, the kind of like, you know, startup within the company that are the make or break on everything related to AI agents, you know, leveraging our platform and letting you work with your data.And that's where I spend a lot of my time, and Ben and Yosh and Diego and Teri, you know, these are just, you know, people that, that, you know, kind of across the team. Are working.swyx: Yeah. Amazing.Read Write Agent WorkflowsJeff Huber: How do you, how do you think about, I mean, you talked a lot about like kinda read workflows over your box data. Yep.Right. You know, gen search questions, queries, et cetera. But like, what about like, write or like authoring workflows?Aaron Levie: Yes. I've [00:39:00] already probably revealed too much actually now that I think about it. So, um, I've talked about whatever,Jeff Huber: whatever you can.Aaron Levie: Okay. It's just us. It's just us. Yeah. Okay. Of course, of course.So I, I guess I would just, uh, I'll make it a little bit conceptual, uh, because again, I've already, I've already said things that are not even ga but, but we've, we've kinda like danced around it publicly, so I, yeah, yeah. Okay. Just like, hopefully nobody watches this, um, episode. No.swyx: It's tidbits for the Heidi engaged to go figure out like what exactly, um, you know, is, is your sort of line of thinking.Sure. They can connect the dots.Aaron Levie: Yeah. So, so I would say that, that, uh, we, you know, as a, as a place where you have your enterprise content, there's a use case where I want to, you know, have an agent read that data and answer questions for me. And then there's a use case where I want the agent to create something.And use the file system to create something or store off data that it's working on, or be able to have, you know, various files that it's writing to about the work it's doing. So we do see it as a total read write. The harder problem has so far been the read only because, because again, you have that kind of like 10 [00:40:00] million to one ratio problem, whereas rights are a lot of, that's just gonna come from the model and, and we just like, we'll just put it in the file system and kinda use it.So it's a little bit of a technically easier problem, but the only part that's like, not necessarily technically hard, it is just like it's not yet perfected in the state of the ecosystem is, you know, building a beautiful PowerPoint presentation. It's still a hard problem for these models. Like, like we still, you know, like, like these formats are just, we're not built for.They'reswyx: working on it.Aaron Levie: They're, they're working on it. Everybody's working on it.swyx: Every launch is like, well, we do PowerPoint now.Aaron Levie: We're getting, yeah, getting a lot, getting a lot of better each time. But then you'll do this thing where you'll ask the update one slide and all of a sudden, like the fonts will be just like a little bit different, you know, on two of the slides, or it moved, you know, some shape over to the left a little bit.And again, these are the kind of things that, like in code, obviously you could really care about if you really care about, you know, how beautiful is the code, but at the end, user doesn't notice all those problems and file creation, the end user instantly sees it. You're [00:41:00] like, ah, like paragraph three, like, you literally just changed the font on me.Like it's a totally different font and like midway through the document. Mm-hmm. Those are the kind of things that you run into a lot of in the, in the content creation side. So, mm-hmm. We are gonna have native agents. That do all of those things, they'll be powered by the leading kind of models and labs.But the thing that I think is, is probably gonna be a much bigger idea over time is any agent on any system, again, using Box as a file system for its work, and in that kind of scenario, we don't necessarily care what it's putting in the file system. It could put its memory files, it could put its, you know, specification, you know, documents.It could put, you know, whatever its markdown files are, or it could, you know, generate PDFs. It's just like, it's a workspace that is, is sort of sandboxed off for its work. People can collaborate into it, it can share with other people. And, and so we, we were thinking a lot about what's the right, you know, kind of way to, to deliver that at scale.Docs Graphs and Founder Modeswyx: I wanted to come into sort of the sort of AI transformation or AI sort of, uh, operations things. [00:42:00] Um, one of the tweets that you, that you wanted to talk about, this is just me going through your tweets, by the way. Oh, okay. I mean, like, this is, you readAaron Levie: one by one,swyx: you're the, you're the easiest guest to prep for because you, you already have like, this is the, this is what I'm interested in.I'm like, okay, well, areAaron Levie: we gonna get to like, like February, January or something? Where are we in the, in the timelines? How far back are we going?swyx: Can you, can you describe boxes? A set of skills? Right? Like that, that's like, that's like one of the extremes of like, well if you, you just turn everything into a markdown file.Yeah. Then your agent can run your company. Uh, like you just have to write, find the right sequence of words toAaron Levie: Yes.swyx: To do it.Aaron Levie: Sorry, isthatswyx: the question? So I think the question is like, what if we documented everything? Yes. The way that you exactly said like,Aaron Levie: yes.swyx: Um, let's get all the Fortune five hundreds, uh, prepared for agents.Yes. And like, you know, everything's in golden and, and nicely filed away and everything. Yes. What's missing? Like, what's left, right? LikeAaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: You've, you've run your company for a decade. LikeAaron Levie: Yeah. I think the challenge is that, that that information changes a week later. And because something happened in the market for that [00:43:00] customer, or us as a company that now has to go get updated, and so these systems are living and breathing and they have to experience reality and updates to reality, which right now is probably gonna be humans, you know, kinda giving those, giving them the updates.And, you know, there is this piece about context graphs as as, uh, that kinda went very viral. Yeah. And I, I, I was like a, i, I, I thought it was super provocative. I agreed with many parts of it. I disagree with a few parts around. You know, it's not gonna be as easy as as just if we just had the agent traces, then we can finally do that work because there's just like, there's so much more other stuff that that's happening that, that we haven't been able to capture and digitize.And I think they actually represented that in the piece to be clear. But like there's just a lot of work, you know, that that has to, you just can't have only skills files, you know, for your company because it's just gonna be like, there's gonna be a lot of other stuff that happens. Yeah. Change over time.Yeah. Most companies are practically apprenticeships.swyx: Most companies are practically apprenticeships. LikeJeff Huber: every new employee who joins the team, [00:44:00] like you span one to three months. Like ramping them up.Aaron Levie: Yes. AllJeff Huber: that tat knowledgeAaron Levie: isJeff Huber: not written down.Aaron Levie: Yes.Jeff Huber: But like, it would have to be if you wanted to like give it to an Asian.Right. And so like that seems to me like to beAaron Levie: one is I think you're gonna see again a premium on companies that can document this. Mm-hmm. Much. There'll be a huge premium on that because, because you know, can you shorten that three month ramp cycle to a two week ramp cycle? That's an instant productivity gain.Can you re dramatically reduce rework in the organization because you've documented where all the stuff is and where the answers are. Can you make your average employee as good as your 90th percentile employee because you've captured the knowledge that's sort of in the heads of, of those top employees and make that available.So like you can see some very clear productivity benefits. Mm-hmm. If you had a company culture of making sure you know your information was captured, digitized, put in a format that was agent ready and then made available to agents to work with, and then you just, again, have this reality of like add a 10,000 person [00:45:00] company.Mapping that to the, you know, access structure of the company is just a hard problem. Is like, is like, yeah, well, you just, not every piece of information that's digitized can be shared to everybody. And so now you have to organize that in a way that actually works. There was a pretty good piece, um, this, this, uh, this piece called your company as a file is a file system.I, did you see that one?swyx: Nope.Aaron Levie: Uh, yes. You saw it. Yeah. And, and, uh, I actually be curious your thoughts on it. Um, like, like an interesting kind of like, we, we agree with it because, because that's how we see the world and, uh,swyx: okay. We, we have it up on screen. Oh,Aaron Levie: okay. Yeah. But, but it's all about basically like, you know, we've already, we, we, we already organized in this kind of like, you know, permission structure way.Uh, and, and these are the kind of, you know, natural ways that, that agents can now work with data. So it's kind of like this, this, you know, kind of interesting metaphor, but I do think companies will have to start to think about how they start to digitize more, more of that data. What was your take?Jeff Huber: Yeah, I mean, like the company's probably like an acid compliant file system.Aaron Levie: Uh,Jeff Huber: yeah. Which I'm guessing boxes, right? So, yeah. Yes.swyx: Yeah. [00:46:00]Jeff Huber: Which you have a great piece on, but,swyx: uh, yeah. Well, uh, I, I, my, my, my direction is a little bit like, I wanna rewind a little bit to the graph word you said that there, that's a magic trigger word for us. I always ask what's your take on knowledge graphs?Yeah. Uh, ‘cause every, especially at every data database person, I just wanna see what they think. There's been knowledge graphs, hype cycles, and you've seen it all. So.Aaron Levie: Hmm. I actually am not the expert in knowledge graphs, so, so that you might need toswyx: research, you don't need to be an expert. Yeah. I think it's just like, well, how, how seriously do people take it?Yeah. Like, is is, is there a lot of potential in the, in the HOVI?Aaron Levie: Uh, well, can I, can I, uh, understand first if it's, um, is this a loaded question in the sense of are you super pro, super con, super anti medium? Iswyx: see pro, I see pros and cons. Okay. Uh, but I, I think your opinion should be independent of mine.Aaron Levie: Yeah. No, no, totally. Yeah. I just want to see what I'm stepping into.swyx: No, I know. It's a, and it's a huge trigger word for a lot of people out Yeah. In our audience. And they're, they're trying to figure out why is that? Because whyAaron Levie: is this such aswyx: hot item for them? Because a lot of people get graph religion.And they're like, everything's a graph. Of course you have to represent it as a graph. Well, [00:47:00] how do you solve your knowledge? Um, changing over time? Well, it's a graph.Aaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: And, and I think there, there's that line of work and then there's, there's a lot of people who are like, well, you don't need it. And both are right.Aaron Levie: Yeah. And what do the people who say you don't need it, what are theyswyx: arguing for Mark down files. Oh, sure, sure. Simplicity.Aaron Levie: Yeah.swyx: Versus it's, it's structure versus less structure. Right. That's, that's all what it is. I do.Aaron Levie: I think the tricky thing is, um, is, is again, when this gets met with real humans, they're just going to their computer.They're just working with some people on Slack or teams. They're just sharing some data through a collaborative file system and Google Docs or Box or whatever. I certainly like the vision of most, most knowledge graph, you know, kind of futuristic kind of ways of thinking about it. Uh, it's just like, you know, it's 2026.We haven't seen it yet. Kind of play out as as, I mean, I remember. Do you remember the, um, in like, actually I don't, I don't even know how old you guys are, but I'll for, for to show my age. I remember 17 years ago, everybody thought enterprises would just run on [00:48:00] Wikis. Yeah. And, uh, confluence and, and not even, I mean, confluence actually took off for engineering for sure.Like unquestionably. But like, this was like everything would be in the w. And I think based on our, uh, our, uh, general style of, of, of what we were building, like we were just like, I don't know, people just like wanna workspace. They're gonna collaborate with other people.swyx: Exactly. Yeah. So you were, you were anti-knowledge graph.Aaron Levie: Not anti, not anti. Soswyx: not nonAaron Levie: I'm not, I'm not anti. ‘cause I think, I think your search system, I just think these are two systems that probably, but like, I'm, I'm not in any religious war. I don't want to be in anybody's YouTube comments on this. There's not a fight for me.swyx: We, we love YouTube comments. We're, we're, we're get into comments.Aaron Levie: Okay. Uh, but like, but I, I, it's mostly just a virtue of what we built. Yeah. And we just continued down that path. Yeah.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: And, um, and that, that was what we pursued. But I'm not, this is not a, you know, kind of, this is not a, uh, it'sswyx: not existential for you. Great.Aaron Levie: We're happy to plug into somebody else's graph.We're happy to feed data into it. We're happy for [00:49:00] agents to, to talk to multiple systems. Not, not our fight.swyx: Yeah.Aaron Levie: But I need your answer. Yeah. Graphs or nerd Snipes is very effective nerd.swyx: See this is, this is one, one opinion and then I've,Jeff Huber: and I think that the actual graph structure is emergent in the mind of the agent.Ah, in the same way it is in the mind of the human. And that's a more powerful graph ‘cause it actually involved over time.swyx: So don't tell me how to graph. I'll, I'll figure it out myself. Exactly. Okay. All right. AndJeff Huber: what's yours?swyx: I like the, the Wiki approach. Uh, my, I'm actually

Each year, the Tech Podcasts Network honors the most compelling innovations showcased at CES. The Best of CES Awards highlight companies whose technologies demonstrate exceptional creativity, real‑world impact, and forward‑looking vision. The 2026 awards span energy, health, wellness, wearables, and artificial intelligence, reflecting the diversity and ambition of this year's show. Five winners were selected by the hosts, production team, and the full TPN staff, each representing a different facet of technological progress.Commonwealth Fusion Systems - Scott Ertz's AwardScott Ertz of PLUGHITZ Live selected Commonwealth Fusion Systems for its work in advancing fusion energy. The company develops fusion power plants designed to deliver clean, carbon‑free energy through a fundamentally different process than traditional nuclear fission. Its approach uses compact, high‑field tokamak systems engineered to achieve net energy gain, a milestone long considered out of reach. The company's SPARC demonstration device, currently under assembly in Massachusetts, is expected to validate this capability. The award recognizes the significance of bringing fusion energy from theoretical ambition to practical engineering, marking a potential turning point in global energy development.Coroflo - Production Team AwardThe TPN production team selected Coroflo for its innovation in maternal and infant health. The company developed a smart nipple shield capable of measuring milk transfer during breastfeeding, addressing a long‑standing challenge for new parents and healthcare providers. The device offers real‑time insight into feeding volume, helping families understand whether infants are receiving adequate nutrition. This technology supports breastfeeding success during the critical early months of development and provides data that has historically been unavailable outside clinical environments. The award acknowledges the company's commitment to solving a deeply personal and widely experienced problem through thoughtful engineering.Hydrawav3 - Serge Velazquez's AwardSerge Velazquez of PLUGHITZ Live selected Hydrawav3 for its compact wellness device designed to support hydration and recovery. The system uses a portable form factor and user‑friendly interface to deliver wellness‑focused functionality intended for everyday use. The company's development process, which began as a small‑scale effort in Sedona, reflects a commitment to accessible health technology. The award recognizes the team's dedication to creating a device that blends practicality, portability, and wellness‑driven design, as well as the strong reception it received from attendees and potential partners during the show.Rokid - Don Baine's AwardDon Baine, The Gadget Professor, selected Rokid for its advanced smart glasses platform. The glasses integrate long‑battery‑life performance, real‑time translation, high‑quality audio, and extended video capture capabilities. A micro‑projector embedded in the frame enables heads‑up display functionality, including navigation overlays and contextual information. The glasses also support prescription lens integration, expanding accessibility for everyday use. The award highlights the company's achievement in delivering a wearable device that performs reliably across multiple use cases, demonstrating maturity in a category that has often struggled with durability, battery limitations, and inconsistent functionality.Algorized - TPN Best of CES 2026 Team AwardThe Tech Podcasts Network's collective Best of CES 2026 Award was presented to Algorized for its life‑detection artificial intelligence platform. The company develops models capable of identifying human presence through environmental sensing, enabling applications in rescue operations, autonomous systems, and safety‑critical environments. The technology supports scenarios where visibility is limited or obstructed, allowing machines to recognize human life even when traditional sensors cannot. The award reflects the team's belief that this capability represents a foundational advancement for physical AI, human‑machine interaction, and real‑world safety. The selection acknowledges both the technical achievement and the potential societal impact of deploying life‑sensing AI across industries.ConclusionThe Tech Podcasts Network Best of CES 2026 Awards celebrate companies that push boundaries and address meaningful challenges through innovation. From clean energy and maternal health to wellness, wearables, and AI‑driven safety, this year's winners represent the breadth of creativity shaping the future of technology. Each award honors a distinct contribution to progress, reflecting the diverse and transformative spirit of CES.

Each year, the Tech Podcasts Network honors the most compelling innovations showcased at CES. The Best of CES Awards highlight companies whose technologies demonstrate exceptional creativity, real‑world impact, and forward‑looking vision. The 2026 awards span energy, health, wellness, wearables, and artificial intelligence, reflecting the diversity and ambition of this year's show. Five winners were selected by the hosts, production team, and the full TPN staff, each representing a different facet of technological progress.Commonwealth Fusion Systems - Scott Ertz's AwardScott Ertz of PLUGHITZ Live selected Commonwealth Fusion Systems for its work in advancing fusion energy. The company develops fusion power plants designed to deliver clean, carbon‑free energy through a fundamentally different process than traditional nuclear fission. Its approach uses compact, high‑field tokamak systems engineered to achieve net energy gain, a milestone long considered out of reach. The company's SPARC demonstration device, currently under assembly in Massachusetts, is expected to validate this capability. The award recognizes the significance of bringing fusion energy from theoretical ambition to practical engineering, marking a potential turning point in global energy development.Coroflo - Production Team AwardThe TPN production team selected Coroflo for its innovation in maternal and infant health. The company developed a smart nipple shield capable of measuring milk transfer during breastfeeding, addressing a long‑standing challenge for new parents and healthcare providers. The device offers real‑time insight into feeding volume, helping families understand whether infants are receiving adequate nutrition. This technology supports breastfeeding success during the critical early months of development and provides data that has historically been unavailable outside clinical environments. The award acknowledges the company's commitment to solving a deeply personal and widely experienced problem through thoughtful engineering.Hydrawav3 - Serge Velazquez's AwardSerge Velazquez of PLUGHITZ Live selected Hydrawav3 for its compact wellness device designed to support hydration and recovery. The system uses a portable form factor and user‑friendly interface to deliver wellness‑focused functionality intended for everyday use. The company's development process, which began as a small‑scale effort in Sedona, reflects a commitment to accessible health technology. The award recognizes the team's dedication to creating a device that blends practicality, portability, and wellness‑driven design, as well as the strong reception it received from attendees and potential partners during the show.Rokid - Don Baine's AwardDon Baine, The Gadget Professor, selected Rokid for its advanced smart glasses platform. The glasses integrate long‑battery‑life performance, real‑time translation, high‑quality audio, and extended video capture capabilities. A micro‑projector embedded in the frame enables heads‑up display functionality, including navigation overlays and contextual information. The glasses also support prescription lens integration, expanding accessibility for everyday use. The award highlights the company's achievement in delivering a wearable device that performs reliably across multiple use cases, demonstrating maturity in a category that has often struggled with durability, battery limitations, and inconsistent functionality.Algorized - TPN Best of CES 2026 Team AwardThe Tech Podcasts Network's collective Best of CES 2026 Award was presented to Algorized for its life‑detection artificial intelligence platform. The company develops models capable of identifying human presence through environmental sensing, enabling applications in rescue operations, autonomous systems, and safety‑critical environments. The technology supports scenarios where visibility is limited or obstructed, allowing machines to recognize human life even when traditional sensors cannot. The award reflects the team's belief that this capability represents a foundational advancement for physical AI, human‑machine interaction, and real‑world safety. The selection acknowledges both the technical achievement and the potential societal impact of deploying life‑sensing AI across industries.ConclusionThe Tech Podcasts Network Best of CES 2026 Awards celebrate companies that push boundaries and address meaningful challenges through innovation. From clean energy and maternal health to wellness, wearables, and AI‑driven safety, this year's winners represent the breadth of creativity shaping the future of technology. Each award honors a distinct contribution to progress, reflecting the diverse and transformative spirit of CES.

KNOTS LANDING: THE COMPLETE SAGA is the culmination of six years' work and the most comprehensive study of this primetime drama in existence. The full 24 hour 33 minute episode and text by myself are now available for Patreon subscribers. The biggest and best TPN yet. With @the_eternal_dillard.s 1/28/26 S8E9

Preparándonos para el show de aniversario en CDMX con Taller Para Niños.

Jane Dutton standing in for Relebogile Mabotja speaks to Waldo Marcus a Marketing Director at TPN Credit Bureau about the TPN residential rental monitor and how tenant vulnerability is on the rise.Tags: 702, 702 afternoons, Talk radio, TPN, Credit bureau, Tenant, Rental monitor, Jane Dutton, Relebogile Mabotja, Rent 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja is broadcast live on Johannesburg based talk radio station 702 every weekday afternoon. Relebogile brings a lighter touch to some of the issues of the day as well as a mix of lifestyle topics and a peak into the worlds of entertainment and leisure. Thank you for listening to a 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja podcast. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 13:00 to 15:00 (SA Time) to Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/2qKsEfu or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/DTykncj Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

One on One Video Call W/George https://tidycal.com/georgepmonty/60-minute-meetingSupport the show:https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_USOn Christmas Eve, George sits down with Trevor Colhoun, founder of TPN.Health, for a candid and powerful conversation about the broken behavioral health system in America—and how one company is quietly rebuilding it from the inside out.What started as a personal journey helping a family member navigate a fragmented and opaque mental health landscape has grown into a verified national network of nearly 100,000 providers across all 50 states. TPN.Health isn't just another directory or referral platform—it's a clinician-led operating system designed to dissolve administrative burdens, deliver free high-quality continuing education, enable human-led care navigation, and ensure providers are paid fairly and quickly.Trevor pulls no punches: he exposes the lack of transparency, the ghost networks sold by insurers, the distrust earned by years of broken promises, and why behavioral health has struggled to demonstrate clear value—to patients, providers, and payers alike.But this isn't a complaint session. It's a blueprint for real change.From paying providers their full cash rate with no cut taken, to tracking outcomes at scale, to building true clinical matches based on expertise, cultural competency, and care alliance—TPN.Health is creating the digital infrastructure the entire behavioral health ecosystem is starting to depend on.If you're a clinician feeling burned out by bureaucracy, a patient frustrated by access, or anyone who believes mental health care should work as well as physical health care—this episode is a must-listen.Join the movement at tpn.health.https://tpn.health/#MentalHealth #BehavioralHealth #HealthcareReform #ClinicianLed #TPNHealth One on One Video call W/George https://tidycal.com/georgepmonty/60-minute-meetingSupport the show:https://www.paypal.me/Truelifepodcast?locale.x=en_US

In this episode, Stanley and Czar continue their conversation with Benjie Paras, this time diving into the realities of being a professional basketball player and how he transitioned from athlete to comedian and actor. Kwentong career shift na puno ng wisdom at katatawanan.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado Motors: @supladomotorsFollow Stanley Chi: @stanleychi | @stanleychifanpage Watch on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley and Czar talk to Benjie Paras about his life as a basketball player — from his early days on the court to the highs and lows of being a PBA superstar. Kwentong hardcourt para sa mga Imortal na may pangarap din maging atleta.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado Motors: @supladomotorsFollow Stanley Chi: @stanleychi | @stanleychifanpage Watch on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley and Czar talk to Joyce Hernandez, an accountant for a multinational company, about the most common sweldo issues and office tsismis she encounters. Para sa mga Imortal na laging may reklamo sa payslip!⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado Motors:FB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: @supladomotorsFollow Stanley Chi:• FB: @stanleychifanpage• TikTok: @_stanleychi• IG & YouTube: @stanleychi Watch on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Wilson Lee Flores share Kwentong Pandesal — mula sa iconic Kamuning Bakery Café hanggang sa lessons on business, passion, and community service. Isang kwentuhang masarap pakinggan — parang pandesal sa umaga!⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Czar de los Reyes sits down with journalist and writer Wilson Lee Flores to talk about his experiences in media, storytelling, and his journey as a multi-awarded columnist. Tunghayan ang inspiring kwento ng isang Imortal sa pagsusulat.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Tiyo Bri talk about the different diskarte of men working in the BPO industry — sa trabaho, sa love life, at sa mga team building na may halong ligawan. Laughs, lessons, and late-shift love stories sa isang kwentuhang pang-Imortal!⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi talks to Tiyo Bri (Brian Babilonia) about his life as a musician and BPO professional. Alamin ang similarities ng rock band life at night shift grind, at kung paano nabuhay ang passion kahit underpaid!⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Czar talk to Edu and Kat Legaspi, the owners of Rainbow Scoops Ice Cream, about their journey from being employees to becoming business owners. Pakinggan kung paano nila sinimulan ang negosyo, nalampasan ang challenges, at natutunang maging Imortal sa entrepreneurship.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley and Czar talk again with Tito Ian and Tito Jeimuzu of The Red Door — this time about their work as movie content creators. At syempre, may isa na namang office horror story na babasahin.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado Motors:FB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: @supladomotorsFollow Stanley Chi:• FB: @stanleychifanpage• TikTok: @_stanleychi• IG & YouTube: @stanleychi Watch on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi talks to young coffee farmers Hilary Estandarte and Klent Gulay about the Kape't Bisig Educational Grant at kung paano sila natulungan ng program bilang mga agripreneurs na nagsusulong ng lokal na kape.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

Send us a textIn this episode, Dr. Katie Huff (Cincinnati Children's) and Dr. Pritha Nayak (Dallas Children's) discuss the work of the CHNC Intestinal Failure Focus Group. They highlight the unique challenges of managing neonates post-NEC, including TPN, nutrition, and long-term outcomes. The group's recent survey revealed significant variability across centers, including the presence of dedicated intestinal rehab teams and approaches to outpatient follow-up. Future efforts will focus on neurodevelopmental support, optimizing feeding practices, and standardizing criteria for discharge on TPN. This work demonstrates how descriptive, collaborative research within CHNC can spark new hypotheses and improve outcomes for this complex neonatal population.Support the showAs always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!

In this episode, Nik welcomes back Adam Uhan, President and CEO of The Pilot Network (TPN), for an inside look at what's ahead for pilots in 2026 and beyond. Adam shares exciting updates about the next TPNx Conference, which is moving to Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW), and reveals a brand-new pilot-focused app: TPN Go — a smart networking tool that helps aviators connect on layovers and stay linked to their flying community wherever they land. This conversation dives deep into what makes TPNx unique: a casual, family-friendly, no-suits-required conference that connects pilots at every stage — from newly licensed flyers to senior captains. Adam and Nik unpack how mentorship, connection, and integrity continue to define the aviation community and how TPN is creating new ways for pilots to grow together.  CONNECT WITH US Are you ready to take your preparation to the next level? Don't wait until it's too late. Use the promo code "R4P2025" and save 10% on all our services. Check us out at www.spitfireelite.com! If you want to recommend someone to guest on the show, email Nik at podcast@spitfireelite.com, and if you need a professional pilot resume, go to www.spitfireelite.com/podcast/ for FREE templates! SPONSOR Are you a pilot just coming out of the military and looking for the perfect second home for your family? Look no further! Reach out to Marty and his team by visiting www.tridenthomeloans.com to get the best VA loans available anywhere in the US. Be ready for takeoff anytime with 3D-stretch, stain-repellent, and wrinkle-free aviation uniforms by Flight Uniforms. Just go to www.flightuniform.com and type the code SPITFIREPOD20 to get a special 20% discount on your first order.  #Aviation #AviationCareers #aviationcrew #AviationJobs #AviationLeadership #AviationEducation #AviationOpportunities #AviationPodcast #AirlinePilot #AirlineJobs #AirlineInterviewPrep #flying #flyingtips #PilotDevelopment #PilotFinance #pilotcareer #pilottips #pilotcareertips #PilotExperience #pilotcaptain #PilotTraining #PilotSuccess #pilotpodcast #PilotPreparation #Pilotrecruitment #flightschool #aviationschool #pilotcareer #pilotlife #pilot

It's the crossover you didn't expect! Stanley and Czar sit down with Tito Ian and Tito Jeimuzu of The Red Door to talk about their past lives in the BPO industry, magic gigs, and — syempre — magbabasa rin tayo ng office horror story.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado Motors:FB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: @supladomotorsFollow Stanley Chi:• FB: @stanleychifanpage• TikTok: @_stanleychi• IG & YouTube: @stanleychi Watch on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainment

In this episode, Stanley Chi joins Doc JB Besa and Doc Ella Masamayor of Kwentong Callroom para pag-usapan kung ano ang mga dapat iwasan ngayong Christmas party season para hindi ka magkasakit pagpasok ng bagong taon. Para sa mga Imortal na gusto ng healthy holiday!⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentEnjoy a good game of BingoPlus! — the first online poker casino in the Philippines. Licensed by Pagcor. Get it at Google Play and App Store, or visit www.bingoplus.com. Gaming is for 21-year-olds and above only. Gambling can be addictive know when to stop.For any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Czar de los Reyes sits down with the founder of Finn Cotton, Paul dela Fuente para pag-usapan kung paano nagsimula ang brand, paano nila nalampasan ang challenges sa business, at kung paano nila naabot ang success sa local sneaker scene.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentJoin the Team Suplado Discord Server!For any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.Enjoy a good game of BingoPlus! — the first online poker casino in the Philippines. Licensed by Pagcor. Get it at Google Play and App Store, or visit www.bingoplus.com. Gaming is for 21-year-olds and above only. Gambling can be addictive know when to stop.

**

In this episode, Stanley Chi and motivational speaker Chinkee Tan share lessons about money, mindset, and collaboration. The Suplado King meets the Pambansang Wealth Coach sa isang kwentuhang puno ng wisdom at katatawanan.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Stanley Chi talks to radio personality DJ Chacha about her career journey, challenges sa industriya, at kung paano niya nabalanse ang trabaho, pamilya, at pagiging content creator.⸻Join the Suplado Community:• Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN• Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi• FB: [@stanleychifanpage]• TikTok: [@_stanleychi]• IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.Enjoy a good game of BingoPlus! — the first online poker casino in the Philippines. Licensed by Pagcor. Get it at Google Play and App Store, or visit www.bingoplus.com. Gaming is for 21-year-olds and above only. Gambling can be addictive know when to stop.

In this episode, Stanley Chi and Czar share the Top 5 tips kapag pinangakuan ka ng salary increase at promotion pero hindi pa rin tinutupad ni boss. Kung lagi ka na lang naka-“next month na lang” at walang nangyayari, ito ang episode para sa 'yo.⸻Join the Suplado Community • Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN • Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi • FB: [@stanleychifanpage] • TikTok: [@_stanleychi] • IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.Enjoy a good game of BingoPlus! — the first online poker casino in the Philippines. Licensed by Pagcor. Get it at Google Play and App Store, or visit www.bingoplus.com. Gaming is for 21-year-olds and above only. Gambling can be addictive know when to stop.

This time, Chef Laudico talks about how he broke into the mainstream through TV appearances and endorsements, and how he built his name outside the kitchen.Join the Suplado Community • Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN • Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi • FB: [@stanleychifanpage] • TikTok: [@_stanleychi] • IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.

In this episode, Chef Laudico shares how he started his career—literally from washing dishes—before becoming a full-fledged rocker chef.Join the Suplado Community • Team Suplado Discord: https://discord.gg/WjhgJSRfAN • Underpaid FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1330205921240849/Follow Suplado MotorsFB, TikTok, IG & YouTube: [@supladomotors]Follow Stanley Chi • FB: [@stanleychifanpage] • TikTok: [@_stanleychi] • IG & YouTube: [@stanleychi] Watch the video podcast on TPN's YouTube:www.youtube.com/ThePodNetworkEntertainmentFor any collaboration, brand partnership, and campaign run inquiries, e-mail us at info@thepodnetwork.com.Enjoy a good game of BingoPlus! — the first online poker casino in the Philippines. Licensed by Pagcor. Get it at Google Play and App Store, or visit www.bingoplus.com. Gaming is for 21-year-olds and above only. Gambling can be addictive know when to stop.

Around 5 o'clock this morning, Scott came in and woke me up suddenly. He was wearing a protective suit that looks like a space suit. He told me to put one on as well. I heard there was an accident in the basement lab. It's no wonder, those researchers never rest, even at night.Write to Bago Matulog x TPN

Sign Up For The TPN Prep Course For Free Here: https://theprofitablenutritionist.com/freeLet's work together in the TPN program:  

Pippa speaks to a Cape Town parent who has been dealing with how private schools deal with unpaid school fees and lawyer, Ashleigh Laurent, who is legal counsel at TPN about what the law says about the issue. Lunch with Pippa Hudson is CapeTalk’s mid-afternoon show. This 2-hour respite from hard news encourages the audience to take the time to explore, taste, read and reflect. The show - presented by former journalist, baker and water sports enthusiast Pippa Hudson - is unashamedly lifestyle driven. Popular features include a daily profile interview #OnTheCouch at 1:10pm. Consumer issues are in the spotlight every Wednesday while the team also unpacks all things related to health, wealth & the environment. Thank you for listening to a podcast from Lunch with Pippa Hudson Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays between 13:00 and 15:00 (SA Time) to Lunch with Pippa Hudson broadcast on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/MdSlWEs or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/fDJWe69 Subscribe to the CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/sbvVZD5 Follow us on social media: CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What is Pooja Tanna of Perpetua Investment Managers's outlook on global inflation and interest rates – including the US 10‑year Treasury yield – as tariffs begin to take effect? Petri Redelinghuys of Herenya Capital Advisors weighs in on AMD's Q2 data centre chip decline – how does it compare to Nvidia's performance? TPN's Waldo Marcus notes that while rental escalations outpace inflation, tenants remain committed to prioritising rent payments.

W dzisiejszym odcinku zaglądamy za kulisy pracy Zespołu ds. Zarządzania Danymi Przestrzennymi Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego. Bartek Solik rozmawia z Marcinem Bukowskim, który opowiada o tym, jak nowoczesne technologie – w szczególności drony, fotogrametria i teledetekcja – wspierają ochronę przyrody w Tatrach. Dowiemy się, jak powstają szczegółowe ortofotomapy, do czego służą zdjęcia multispektralne i jak precyzyjne pomiary pomagają ocenić skutki erozji, lawin czy rekultywacji roślinności. Usłyszymy również, z jakimi wyzwaniami wiąże się operowanie dronem w trudnym, górskim terenie – nie tylko ze względu na pogodę, ale także na obecność ludzi. To opowieść o tym, jak nowoczesna technologia staje się sprzymierzeńcem w ochronie jednego z najcenniejszych obszarów przyrodniczych w Polsce. Zapraszamy! Scenariusz, nagrania, montaż: Bartek Solik Na zdjęciu: obraz fragmentu TPN wykonany w zakresie kolorowej podczerwieni, wykorzystywany m.in. w monitoringu środowiskowym i badaniu kondycji roślinności. Źródło: https://tpn.obliview.com/

Send us a textIn this unforgettable episode, we're revisiting a conversation that blew our minds—and helped reframe everything we thought we knew about ADHD, motherhood, and what it means to be “too much.”Tracy Otsuka is the host of the wildly popular ADHD for Smart Ass Women podcast and author of the book by the same name. A former attorney and certified ADHD coach, Tracy has become a global voice for women who are tired of being pathologized—and ready to celebrate what makes them different.In this conversation, we cover:Why ADHD in women is often misunderstood, masked, and misdiagnosedHow “smart girl syndrome” leads to high achievement—and high self-doubtThe difference between the default mode network (DMN) and task positive network (TPN), and why they matter so much to ADHD brainsThe real reason motherhood can feel like Groundhog Day for women with ADHDHow to get out of your head and into aligned actionThe truth about trauma, shame, and learned helplessness in ADHD womenWhy perfectionism and creativity often co-exist in neurodivergent womenHow Tracy's approach brings humor, empowerment, and healing to thousands of womenThis isn't just a conversation—it's a reframe. If you've ever felt like the “too much” girl who couldn't keep up with motherhood, or like you're sitting on a pile of potential you just can't access, this episode is for you.Featured Guest: Tracy Otsuka is a certified ADHD coach, former SEC attorney, and the creator of the ADHD for Smart Ass Women podcast and book. Her podcast has over 5 million downloads and reaches listeners in 160 countries. She's been featured in Forbes, ADDitude Magazine, and The Goal Digger Podcast, and moderates a Facebook group with nearly 100,000 members.Resources & Mentions:Tracy Otsuka's Podcast: ADHD for Smart Ass WomenDr. Sharon SalineDr. Christine Li (The Procrastination Coach)MOTHER PLUS INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/mother_plus_podcast/MOTHER PLUS FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/motherpluspodcastMOTHER PLUS PERMISSION SLIP: https://www.motherplusser.com/Permission-SlipMOTHER PLUS NEWSLETTER: https://www.motherplusser.com/signup-pageMOTHER PLUS BLOG: https://www.motherplusser.com/blog

Episode 44 - ShayLee Raye Hunter, Mrs. Utah Petite 2025, shares how living with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and TPN, Total Parenteral Nutrition, shaped her journey through love, pageantry and advocacy. Disclaimer: Please note that all information and content on the UK Health Radio Network, all its radio broadcasts and podcasts are provided by the authors, producers, presenters and companies themselves and is only intended as additional information to your general knowledge. As a service to our listeners/readers our programs/content are for general information and entertainment only.  The UK Health Radio Network does not recommend, endorse, or object to the views, products or topics expressed or discussed by show hosts or their guests, authors and interviewees.  We suggest you always consult with your own professional – personal, medical, financial or legal advisor. So please do not delay or disregard any professional – personal, medical, financial or legal advice received due to something you have heard or read on the UK Health Radio Network.

Suid-Afrika se ekonomie het skaars gegroei in die eerste kwartaal, maar die landbousektor skitter. Die Agentskap vir Maatskaplike Sekerheid skort die uitbetaling van toelaes aan duisende begunstigdes op. Ons vind uit hoe die onderwysassistent-program werk. Die kredietburo, TPN, sê bykans 3% van skoolpersoneel het 'n misdaadrekord.

Join Tommy Shaughnessy as he hosts Mitch and Mikel, co-founders of Taofu and TPN, to discuss Taofu, a launchpad for Bittensor subnets. Learn about how they're democratizing subnet funding and their first subnet launch.Taofu: https://www.Taofu.xyz/Taofu Funding Form: https://form.typeform.com/to/KmvNfUg5

May is the best time to join The Profitable Nutritionist Program: https://theprofitablenutritionist.com/joinHere's why.In this episode, I'm breaking down the SummerTIME Sprint—an exclusive 30-day implementation challenge for new TPN students that kicks off in June. It's not another course. It's focused, structured action with the goal of bringing in $3K (or more) in your business in 30 days.On this episode you'll hear how why we created the Sprint, how it works, what makes it different from the rest of the program, and why it creates insane momentum fast. If you've been telling yourself “I'll join TPN eventually…” this is your sign to stop waiting and start making money.Let's go.Connect with Andrea Nordling:

From Turning Points Network, Kerry Rochford Hague is here with guest Stefan Chubb from Greensource Fabrication.  Greensource and Whelen are the honorary chairs of this year's Steppin' Up 5K event, held on May 3rd.  We talk about TPN, domestic violence, warning signs, how to get involved with the 5K, getting a team together and lots more.   

In this episode, Adam provides a debrief of TPNx 2025 and announces exciting plans for TPNx 2026. He shares insights into the aviation industry, highlighting American Airlines CJOs and unique opportunities attendees had at TPNx. The discussion includes the exclusivity of tickets, volunteer opportunities, and tips for maintaining proper conference etiquette. Adam offers advice on vendor conduct and effective networking strategies. He also shares a personal update about his upcoming work absence and previews upcoming TPN events, emphasizing the network's robust online presence. The episode concludes with closing remarks and a look ahead.

Send us a textIn this week's Journal Club, Ben and Daphna dissect six critical studies reshaping our understanding of neonatal care. Kicking off with the Canadian Neonatal Network's multicenter cohort on inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), they explore how early pulmonary hypertension responsiveness to iNO may predict survival in preterm infants. They then examine a poignant study on maternal decision regret following extremely preterm births, revealing elevated regret across all pathways—comfort, active care, or otherwise—underscoring the emotional complexity of shared decision-making. The duo dives into data from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network on how even a single dose of antenatal steroids improves outcomes incrementally by the hour, strengthening the case for early administration. Ben highlights an AI-driven TPN algorithm that may outperform clinicians in individualized nutrition planning, while Daphna introduces an unexpected intervention—xylitol chewing gum—to reduce preterm birth in low-resource settings. Rounding out the discussion is a provocative look at intermittent hypoxemia as a predictor of systemic hypertension and the landmark NICHD trial on therapeutic hypothermia for infants 33–35 weeks GA. With a striking 87% probability of harm, this trial challenges the current drift toward “cooling creep.” Essential listening for any neonatologist seeking evidence-based clarity in an ever-evolving field. As always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!

By Walt HickeyWelcome to the Numlock Sunday edition.This week, I spoke to Olivia Walch, author of the brand-new book Sleep Groove: Why Your Body's Clock Is So Messed Up and What To Do About It.Olivia's a good friend of mine and I've been hearing about her research and her work for years, and now she's finally got a whole book diving into why ideal sleep is more than just the eight hours number we hear so much about. It's a delightful book with all sorts of cool insights that can have major impacts on your life and health. We spoke about the human body's numerous circadian rhythms, why sleep regularity is more important than sleep duration, and why permanent daylight saving time is a bad idea. Walch can be found at oliviawalch.com and the book can be found wherever books are sold.This interview has been condensed and edited. Olivia, thank you so much for coming on.I'm so delighted to be here.You are the author of the brand-new book Sleep Groove: Why Your Body's Clock Is So Messed Up and What To Do About It. It's a really, really fun book. It covers a lot of the science behind sleep and actually has some pretty surprising stuff in there for folks who are interested in their own sleep health.You have a really interesting story about how you even fell into being interested in the science behind sleep. You did a sleep study at some point in grad school that changed your life, it sounds like.Well, you knew me before then. We were in college together.Each diabolically bad at sleeping.I would give each of us a failing grade — you maybe a lower grade than me. I was bad, but you were exploring new horizons of bad, like with polyphasic sleep.I tried it once. It was such a bad idea.Maybe a D, D-minus. I knew when I went to grad school something had to change. I was not sleeping; I was not making new memories; I was getting sick. I got MRSA in college and I wonder all the time, was it because my immune system was like a frail Cheeto trying to hold the door closed to the germs? But at the time, I thought at college, you have to do everything. You have to be in every club and miss no opportunity for an experience. And I now remember no experiences from that time period.In grad school, I decided I was going to sleep more. I did, but I didn't actually notice that huge of a difference with fewer things filling my schedule, even though I was sleeping more. It was better, but it wasn't that much better. It took a sleep study in which I had to keep a really regular bedtime and researchers were spying on me. They would know if I didn't, because I was wearing a device, ye olde Jawbone, which is not even a thing anymore. For months, I went to bed at 11:30 every single night.The changes were so profound. I didn't just instantly fall asleep at 11:30, though that did happen. I got faster, I lost weight, skin conditions cleared up. In every dimension, my life was better. And the thing that had shifted was not really sleep duration, but sleep regularity.You get at this idea early in the book. There's this very common number that everybody associates with the right thing to do about sleep, which is that you should sleep for eight hours. The book goes the next level deeper, looks at some of the other dimensions of sleep, and it turns out that eight hours is good, that's a good thought to keep in your mind, but it's really the rhythm. What is the conceit here? Why are rhythms important when it comes to this stuff?Our understanding of sleep health is so fixated on duration that there's a creepypasta on Reddit that goes, "Oh, these Russians were kept awake and they went crazy." The creepypasta has always been funny to me because it's like, "Yeah, and after five days of no sleep, they started eating their own organs." (Spoilers for the Russian sleep experiment creepypasta.) Yet we've kept lots of people up for five days and they don't start eating their organs. We have this conception in our minds that losing sleep duration is going to be really bad. It's not good, but it also doesn't make you self-cannibalize after five days of no sleep.That definition of sleep health is woefully inadequate. The movement in the sleep field is higher dimensional. There are more things that matter to sleep health. There's this big, long list of things. People say you should think about how many times you wake up in the middle of the night, and you should think about how alert you feel during the day.All of those are great, but they're not memorable. People don't keep two things in their head, let alone five. I'm trying to get people to keep two, which is duration and regularity, as the latitude and longitude of sleep health. You don't say Madrid and New York are close together just because they have the same latitude; longitude also matters. You shouldn't say somebody who sleeps eight hours a night is healthy if they have horrible regularity. That's a case where they are probably pretty far from health, just like New York and Madrid are pretty far from each other.A lot of this comes down to circadian rhythms. What are they in your view? What kind of bodily processes are governed by them?The whole shebang. The problem with circadian rhythms is that their UI is terrible. People talk about the circadian rhythm, but that's not really right because circadian rhythms are plural. Sleep is under the subhead of circadian rhythms, but so is everything else in your body: when you're strongest, when you metabolize food, when your immune system peaks, when you repair DNA. There's this real problem. I think that because circadian rhythms are kind of everything, people just say, "You know, the rhythms." This leads to everyone who doesn't study this all day, every day, walking around having no idea what they are and just thinking it's probably the same thing as sleep.Your body has an internal clock, and it schedules things according to when it thinks you need to do more or less of them. That clock is set by your light exposure, and in modern life, we get light whenever we want it, which is not particularly traditional or natural.Circadian rhythms developed as a process because we live on Earth, right? We know there's a certain amount of daylight and when certain things should happen, and we evolved specifically to have a circadian rhythm.Yes. The circadian rhythm is so tuned to Earth that if you put us on a planet with 28-hour days, we probably wouldn't be able to adjust. We would basically continue to have close to a 24-hour period in our rhythms that would continue, even though the sun on this planet would be up and down at different times. It's baked into us, and it's the case that there's just stuff in your body at some times that isn't there at other times. The hormone melatonin, for example. If I made you spit into a tube right now, you would not have melatonin in your spit.We're speaking in the middle of the afternoon. It's very, very bright outside.No melatonin. But 10 hours from now? Different story. The thing to imagine is just a bunch of switches in your body getting flipped on and off depending on the time of day, which has massive implications for health, drug efficacy, how you feel, and people have lost their connection to that. Number one, we can have light whenever we want it, so our rhythms are squished relative to where they otherwise would be. But number two, I think we don't have a great way of talking about rhythmic health, which my book tries to address. I'm sure there's much better I can do and other people can do in the future, but this is my first stab at it.You get at this inflection point where so much of these functions are the result of, if not tens of thousands, then millions of years of evolutionary processes really locking us into a day/night process. Then you have the emergence of electricity, and a lot of your book reflects on how that's actually changed the way our bodies work, in ways we wouldn't ordinarily expect. What are some of those ways?I would say signs of rhythms having different effects on your body in the winter versus summer. Any study that reports on those, I'm always very cautious about, because I was involved in a study where we looked at Twitter patterns over the course of the year. We wanted to know if people tweeted differently at different times of the year in a way that reflected the sun and circadian rhythms, and we saw this pretty incredible trend where things seemed to really shift around the spring. Daylight saving time is happening then, the sun is changing, so you think, okay, maybe it's related to the sun.Then we dug a little more closely into the data and saw that the entire effect was just driven by people going on spring break. You would see that people tweeted later when they were on break because they were sleeping in. The fact that we have light available to us whenever we want it and we're not just sitting around in the dark at 6 p.m. in December with nothing to do means that we're in a sort of perpetual summer. We have light as late as we want, as long as we want, and that's stepping on these natural rhythms that would be emerging in the absence of that light.The title of the book is Sleep Groove, and sleep groove is actually a thing you talk about quite a bit in the book. It's getting locked into a really strong, robust, resilient rhythm, and there are lots of advantages to having that. What are some of the advantages that you have by having that rhythm, and what are some things that can go wrong if you don't?I would say you die sooner. This is a brand-new result, that sleep regularity predicts dying better than sleep duration, but it does. Again, this definition of sleep health being how long you sleep would say, okay, shoot for eight hours on average, it doesn't matter when, and you're good.But if you actually look to see what predicts whether you die, the people who have the worst sleep regularity are highly correlated with dying younger, and it keeps coming out. This is in the last 18 months that connections are coming out between sleep regularity and hypertension, diabetes, mood disorders. The data was all there, but people weren't really looking at sleep regularity. We also didn't have as textured tools for defining sleep regularity as we do now, so that's another reason why it's coming out. But things that can go wrong without sleep regularity are all those bad things I listed.I should say that those are all correlations. You could say, well, maybe stressed people die earlier, and they're also sleeping irregularly as a sign of their stress. Except we also have studies where you put people on weird light schedules and you can watch a melatonin rhythm that's really robust just go away. They go 24 hours without making melatonin, which is weird. You've basically flattened their rhythm altogether.The mental image I always have in my mind for modern life is that we've taken rhythms that would be really high and pronounced — like, hey, now's the time to fix your DNA so you don't get cancer. Let's fix all our DNA right now. It's really clear period for fixing DNA — and you've stepped on it. Now it's like, well, I don't know. I guess it's the time to fix DNA? Maybe I'll do a little bit of that.The science is emerging. I don't want to overstate it, but I think there's a strong theoretical case for why the quashing of circadian amplitude is tied to a lot of bad things. The good thing is that more melatonin means you sleep better, feel better — basically my life after doing that one study.What's a situation where you have a strong circadian amplitude? A lot of light during the day? How do you get there?You do the same exact thing every day. I should say, I'm going to speak from a theoretical perspective because a lot of the experiments haven't been run yet. It's my collaborators and me who are calling for amplitude to be the new thing we go after, because sleep regularity is just circadian amplitude wearing glasses and a mustache. They pick up the same thing.What the theory says will get you the maximum circadian amplitude is to have a super bright day and get tons of daylight during the day, and then have a really, really dark night, and copy and paste that over and over again. That's basically it. I'm always think I should add other things for people to do, but it boils down to that.One of the challenges why people haven't discovered this on their own is that that's actually really hard to do in practice. Light at night is super fun, and we also have to work, and often work is indoors where there's just not as much sunlight.It really does seem like a problem of modernity. We've always had a way to illuminate the night, for all intents and purposes, but there's a vast gulf of difference between a candle and an incandescent light bulb, and then there's an even bigger difference between an incandescent light bulb and a full room of fluorescent light. There's been this subtle shift that we didn't notice over time, but our bodies did.You're speaking my language. This is exactly it: the creeping of light into every aspect of our life. Also, because it literally doesn't have mass, it feels immaterial, right? What, the photons are going to get you?And I don't think they will on a short time span. You can absolutely have a bad night of sleep. You can absolutely have disrupted sleep. People cross time zones. But it does add up over a lifespan, which is why we see sleep regularity being a better predictor of mortality than sleep duration. If you're highly irregular over your whole life, all these rhythms that would otherwise have been high metabolism, high DNA repair, robust ability to sleep, become flat and crappy and you get an accumulation of risk.So, a lot of what we've talked about is that there are lots of negative things when you're out of that appropriately phased kind of sleep. There are actually some really good things about being very attuned to that, too. You write in the book about athletics, about medicine. What are some of the ways we can actually gain quite a bit through knowing about this?By having a better sense of what our circadian time is. Conflict of interest disclosure, I do have a startup that tries to do this, but we'll be able to time drugs so that they're maximally effective and as least toxic as they can be.People sometimes go, okay, timing drugs as in you take sleep medication before you go to sleep. Sure, okay. But what if there were a drug that sometimes made your tumor shrink and at other times made it grow faster? That's a paper that came out in the last year. People aren't thinking about this. They're thinking about a 10% variation over the course of the day. They're not thinking about how this person's glioblastoma treatment didn't work because they took dexamethasone at the wrong time, and they died months earlier.I think the simplicity of the idea has started to act as a reason for people to not do it. They think, well, if timing actually mattered, somebody would have figured it out already. I won't be the one who wastes a bunch of time rediscovering what everyone else has. My stance is that we're just beginning to scratch the surface of all the things that can be controlled by timing, and the magnitude of the effects we can see.Imagine the drug I mentioned that accelerated tumor growth sometimes and squished it at others is standard of care. Everybody gets it with this particular type of brain tumor that it was studied in. Imagine you're testing a new drug and oh, it seems to work in these patients but it doesn't work in these other patients. Must not be a very good drug, so it gets ditched. It could be that that entire efficacy difference was driven by when they were taking this standard-of-care drug that everybody takes according to the clock, according to their body's clock. If you could just control for that, you could get more drugs making it through clinical trials.You even made a point that there's a good shift happening between notes saying you should take this pill in the morning, you should take the pill at night, and changing that to say you should take this pill after waking up or take this pill before you go to sleep. It's getting better at adequately describing the bodily conditions you should take pharmaceuticals under.Right. If you're a shift worker, you could be waking up at 3 p.m., for instance, and morning could be the worst time for you. You should take it when you wake up. Then again, if you're a shift worker, your rhythms are so funky that — I might be biased here — you should be using Olivia's cool app to track your circadian rhythms and know when to take all these different things.But yes, circadian medicine is all about timing your pills before you go to bed or after you wake up. It's also this idea of introducing grooves where we've removed the groove. An example would be that you have a sick kid and you can't feed them, so you put them on total parenteral nutrition, or TPN. They're getting fed through an IV, and the standard for that is to either do it overnight or do it just continuously, 24 hours a day. But if you think about it, if our whole bodies are rhythmic and we expect some things at some times and not at other times, and you're feeding them constantly, that's like being in the light all the time, which we would consider to be torture. If you put somebody in constant light, they are miserable.These researchers just changed it so they gave TPN only during the day, when the kids are awake and their metabolism is up and running. They were able to leave the hospital on average four days earlier because they weren't being force fed like a foie gras goose overnight. So, it's not just sleep grooves: it's food grooves, it's activity grooves, it's mood grooves, it's all these things. Acknowledging that they're rhythmic will lead to people being healthier.The medical stuff can get a bit in the weeds, but I thought it was really informative when you talked about U.S. Olympians going to Japan. You reflected on when folks went to Japan and how they trained there. There's actually a lot of performance that was hypothetically not being unlocked because people weren't being attuned to their circadian peaks. Do you want to talk a little about that?I was reading what people who are Olympians posted on their Instagram, imagining that we were friends. I saw somebody in the weight lifting category be like, "Can't wait to go to Tokyo in two days to compete!" They were fully adjusted or entrained to U.S. time, and they were going to do this trip to Tokyo that was going to massively disrupt their circadian rhythms. Then they were going to compete shortly after landing.Probably the reason for that is because it's really expensive to go and leave your life for a long period of time, and weight lifting isn't the moneybags, the dollar sign, of Olympic sports. But that probably wasn't the best for optimizing performance, to wait until right before you're supposed to go on and then try and lift something really hugely heavy — though it could have been.The thing is, when you travel, you get tired and you undergo jet lag because your light exposure is changing, but you also have a circadian rhythm in performance where people tend to do best in the evening. Around 5 or 6 p.m., you're strong and fast and can run far and lift heavy things. If in Japan, you were supposed to compete at 10 a.m., maybe what you want to do is not adjust and be really careful about staying on your old time zone for the first day you're there, so that your body is at 6 p.m. during Japan's local time of 10 a.m.When it's most suited to compete.Exactly, to lift a big, heavy thing.Exciting. You wrote a little about how there are two big peaks for performance over the course of a given day. What are those?People tend to be alert in the morning, and then they have a second wave of alertness as the day winds down. The way we think about that is that there are two forces that combine to make you feel sleepy: There's how much hunger for sleep you've built up, and then there's your circadian clock basically shaping the gravity. How heavy is gravity for you right now?In the morning, after you get over this initial wave of grogginess, you have the first wave of alertness and that's because you don't have any hunger for sleep. Imagine you're biking, and you just started biking so you're feeling fresh, you're okay. You haven't accumulated feeling tired from biking. In the middle of the day, though, you have accumulated some fatigue. You've been doing stuff with your brain and the circadian clock is not saying it's a great time to be alert. People often get sleepy in the middle of the day, like you would be sleepy if you'd been biking for four hours.Then later in the day, the circadian clock comes in and says it's time for you to be awake. You need to get your act together before the sun goes down or you might die. That's like the road you're biking on sloping downward. It becomes easier. It doesn't take as much effort to stay awake; it doesn't take as much effort to pedal. Your circadian clock is like, great, be alert. Do stuff in the latter part of your day up until close to your habitual bedtime, when the road starts to swoop up again.Then you basically hit the wall of, it's 3 a.m. I want to die. Why am I staying up super late in the year 2009 next to my good friend Walter? What are we doing? You push through that and you get on the other side, and the road starts to slant down again.It was really cool to see, because this speaks to my experience of being sleep deprived and going over the swing set. It's really cool that circadian rhythm still holds, and that's why you get that second wind in the morning and sleep deprivation madness or whatever you want to call it. You do still see that swing hold even if you get more and more sleep weight accumulating.Exactly.I want to talk about some of the studies that you covered, because they're very, very interesting, but I also want to talk about some policy implications. Two things stuck out to me. One was the conversation about daylight saving time and potentially going either permanent DST or permanent standard time. The other one that was super interesting was basically how teenagers react to light and how we set school schedules. What are your insights on those two potential policy questions?Let's do DST first. This also has horrible UI. Nobody can figure out what they're saying when they talk about DST. So, standard time is brighter mornings, darker evenings. Standard time is what we're on in the winter when everyone's depressed and they're like, "It's 5 p.m. and it's dark. Stupid, stupid DST." That's actually standard time that's causing that. DST is darker mornings, lighter at night. DST is what we're on in the summer when we have lots of light even at 9 p.m. It's really bright at night.The thing most circadian scientists are going to tell you is that permanent standard time is best, then the current system where we switch, and then the last and least preferable is permanent DST. You might think, okay, but why isn't it just better to not switch? There's this penalty of everyone jet lagging themselves when we wake up an hour earlier or have to stay up an hour later when we do these transitions in the spring and the fall. The reason is because having the light late into the day in the summer, and especially having light in the afternoons and evenings in the winter and really, really dark mornings in the winter, is worse than the jet lag from transitioning. If we did permanent DST, where we have really dark mornings in the winter, it wouldn't just be a couple days of us all feeling jet lagged. It would be this chronic buildup of a messed up groove.One of the reasons why it's hard for people to concisely say why permanent DST is bad is because it's about rhythmic health. It's been argued, hey, if you want to maximize the amount of hours that we have really bright light during the daytime periods where people are normally awake, DST is really good for that, because you have light until super late. Think about the summer.But do we want to maximize that?Exactly, because imagine the case that I alluded to when we were talking about the meal timing thing. If you're in bright light 20 hours a day like people are up in the Arctic, you have bad sleep. It's not because you don't know about blackout curtains; it's because you're not able to adjust to a rhythm that's all bright light, little bit of darkness. What permanent DST does is basically, in the wintertime, it forces a bunch of people to wake up in darkness, or dim light. They then stay in the dark for a really long time, and they get their bright light weighted way on the latter half of their day.I'm going to go into a long analogy, but I promise I'll bring it back down. Imagine a sidewalk with alternating yellow and black squares, and I give you a yellow shoe and a black shoe. I say, yellow shoe steps on the yellow square, black shoe steps on the black square. If it's well sized to your legs, you could just do that. You're like, awesome, this is great. But then I do something where I basically take the yellow squares and scoot them up into the black squares. Then I have this brownish, crappy blurring of light and dark: yellow, black, and the blur. If I go, "Okay, walk on this," what you have to do is take one big step with one foot and a little step with your other, and you have to repeat that over and over again.That's basically what DST is doing to you in the winter. If we were to go to that in the winter, you'd wake up in the darkness, but then you'd get light later in the day. It makes it so that your rhythms are thrown off. You wake up with a bunch of melatonin in your body. It's like everybody's popping melatonin pills first thing, if you were to do permanent DST.If you're sitting here thinking, "I'm not convinced by her arguments around stepping on yellow tiles with yellow shoes and black tiles with black shoes," the most compelling reason is the fact that we literally tried this. We tried DST in the winter. We didn't even make a year. Russia tried it in the last decade — they made it three years and they bailed. People have tried DST in the winter and we all think it sucks. Meanwhile, Arizona has been on standard time all year since the 1960s and they're going strong.They seem really thrilled with their situation in Arizona.They're pretty happy. So, moral of the story, the current system would be better than having super dark mornings in the winter, which is what permanent DST would be. But I don't really care that much because I'm so convinced that if we try this again, we'll be like Russia in 2014 and bail. We'll be like us in the '70s and bail. We just need to, as a generation, collectively experience it and realize, oh yeah, this is why DST sucks.The old knowledge has been lost. We must relearn it.We'll relearn it and we'll say, no, we're never going to make this mistake again. And then in 50 years, we'll make it again.People always want the optimization of, I want more sleep. I want eight hours of sleep. I want the most sleep I can possibly get, or I want the most light I can possibly get. It seems like that's a trap. I completely understand why people get into that position, because I like light and I like sleep, but just realistically, if you're seeing how much of this governs the rhythm of lots of different processes that are more sophisticated than just enjoying seeing bright things, it's a real shock to the system.Human brains are just not wired to think rhythmically. It's like if you're in a math class and you're learning about Fourier series, to go extremely niche, really fast. It's not intuitive. People are wired to think, "More of thing good," and we're just less wired to think, well, it's good at some times and bad at other times.Very briefly, then, should kids be going to school as early as they currently go to school?No. At the same time, we also shouldn't make it so late, because what would happen if we made it really late is kids would just stay up later. There are diminishing returns, but now you have kids who are waking up at 5:30. That's absolutely what it would feel like for me to wake up at 3:30. It's cruel to them. There's this idea that, oh, we'll do DST. We'll do permanent DST so we don't have to switch, and then we'll also make school times an hour later.You've basically just got us back to where we started. You've made it so that they're going to be functionally popping a melatonin pill in the morning, just based on how much more melatonin is in their body when they wake up, and then you're letting them sleep in another hour. You cannot make both of those changes and act like you've changed anything. You at best maintain the status quo. My personal vote is we should do permanent standard time or keep the current system and make it so that schools for kids start later.The book is full of really, really interesting studies. Some of them are fascinating, recent, breaking studies that, like you mentioned earlier, reveal incredible things about the link between these biorhythms as well as pharmaceuticals and things like that. Some of them, however, are from a more swashbuckling age of discovery, and you cover a lot of really interesting sleep studies from the earliest days of sleep research. Do you have any favorites?In the book it probably comes across that I am so enamored with these old sleep studies, in part because they really underscore this point that if our definition of sleep health is only duration, it's insufficient. There are a bunch of peer-reviewed papers that went, yeah, this guy said he didn't want to sleep anymore, so he just didn't sleep for a week and we watched him. Actually, that's maybe my favorite. There's this guy who comes into a lab and is like, humans don't need to sleep and I can prove it. And then he just doesn't.They went, whoa, let him cook?Yeah, he might be on to something. In the paper, they're like, we tried to stop him but he said he was going to do it anyway, so we gave him a typewriter to see how bad he got at typing. The answer is, he got so bad at typing so fast that he just went, I can't do this. They didn't make him type anymore because it was too hard for his eyes. He got really snippy. People tend to hallucinate when you keep them up all night. They get paranoid for days and days. But at the same time, he was functioning. He was able to, on the last day of the study, write a vaguely sexist acrostic poem. I have tried to understand this thing. It's confusing, but you get the sense that it's not positive toward women.The original no-sleep creepypasta.Seriously. Obviously, I'm glad we don't do studies like this now. We have human subject protections. Why would you need to run the study? They did that in the '30s and '60s, and it was weird. But the data's been out there for so long. The creepypasta levels of sleep deprivation, people can survive. You should not do it. You should absolutely not do it. It's a bad idea. But it's not an instantly fatal thing, like you pulled an all-nighter so watch out.The punchline is, unfortunately for human brains, which want very rapid feedback and instant gratification, the way to have sleep health is not something acute, like the absence of these all-nighters that are terrible for you, but rather the constant maintenance of healthy rhythms that are on the time scale of weeks, months and years, as opposed to hacks that you can do in one hour of your day.The book is called Sleep Groove: Why Your Body's Clock Is So Messed Up and What To Do About It. There are so many fascinating things in here, Olivia. Why don't you tell readers a little about where they can find the book and you.Sleep Groove is a book about the emerging science of sleep regularity and how it matters so much to your overall health, well-being, and how you feel at 3 a.m. in the morning. You probably feel pretty bad; my book will explain why. You can find it where books are sold, including Amazon and your local independent bookseller. There's also an audiobook coming out next month.Oh, fun. That's great. Thanks so much for coming on, Olivia.Thanks for having me.Edited by Susie Stark.If you have anything you'd like to see in this Sunday special, shoot me an email. Comment below! Thanks for reading, and thanks so much for supporting Numlock.Thank you so much for becoming a paid subscriber! Send links to me on Twitter at @WaltHickey or email me with numbers, tips or feedback at walt@numlock.news. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.numlock.com/subscribe

The CPG Guys are joined in this episode by Jacquelyn Baker, CEO of Omnicom Commerce, a Flywheel Commerce company. Omnicom Commerce consists of Tracy Locke, Hagarth & TPN agencies.Specializing in designing compelling brand experiences for both owned andthird- party (3P) retail environments, Omnicom Commerce blends brand building with commerce, driving discovery, loyalty, and conversion to help brands scale effectively.Follow Jacquelyn Baker on LinkedIn at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacquelyn-baker-a5b6811b/Follow Omnicom Commerce online at: https://omnicomcommercegroup.com/To see Curt Monk on LinkedIn go here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/curt-munk/Read Jacquelyn's White Paper " Is Private Label the Enforcer of the Retail Mafia?" https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vq6Cy6sNSVMNWg8bQ1rFafHk7Zq1UhKu/view?usp=sharingJB answers these questions:Up to this point, the debates and discussions between brands & retailers around retail media investment have centered around the levels of platform sophistication, the questions surrounding measurement standards and reliability, and of course cost. Are we at a point that we have reached a new echelon, where in the world of retail media we should be discussing a major existential threat to brands…private label?Over the past three years, retailer private label consumer packaged goods (CPG) have seen significant growth, accelerated by changing consumer behavior and economic pressures.What has happened to the share of wallet/stomach that private label commands in the US market?Has private label been changing its game of late in terms of being a credible national brand alternative and if so, how?With this as the backdrop and as retail media networks continue to push to unlock more brand spend, does the industry need to  evolve to bring the retail merchants and the media sellers closer together?What must the brand manufacturers do in collaboration or negotiation with their retail customers to realign that balance of power with private label and the value proposition that each player in the shopper ecosystem delivers? What are the levers at the disposal of brands?Looking forward, what trends in CPG national brands and private label are you most interested in following that will transform everything we have covered in our discussion today?Please contribute to the Red Cross Disaster Relief Fund here: https://americanredcross.donordrive.com/campaign/CPG-Retail-FiresCPG Guys Website: http://CPGguys.comFMCG Guys Website: http://FMCGguys.comCPG Scoop Website: http://CPGscoop.comRhea Raj's Website: http://rhearaj.comLara Raj in Katseye: https://www.katseye.world/DISCLAIMER: The content in this podcast episode is provided for general informational purposes only. By listening to our episode, you understand that no information contained in this episode should be construed as advice from CPGGUYS, LLC or the individual author, hosts, or guests, nor is it intended to be a substitute for research on any subject matter. Reference to any specific product oCPGGUYS LLC expressly disclaims any and all liability or responsibility for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or other damages arising out of any individual's use of, reference to, or inability to use this podcast or the information we presented in this podcast.

SUMMARY How can a simple idea transform the aviation industry? In this episode, Adam Uhan, founder of The Pilot Network (TPN), www.thepilotnetwork.com, shares how his journey to find answers about airline hiring sparked a platform that helps pilots succeed. From its humble beginnings to hosting impactful TPNX conferences with major airlines, Adam reveals how TPN empowers pilots through networking, education, and preparation. Then, learn about the upcoming TPNX conference in Minneapolis, which will include a special memorial fund to honor the legacy of aviation legend Jason Depew. Known for his passion for advancing aviation knowledge, Jason authored Pilot Math Treasure Bath, a must-read for pilots aiming to achieve financial stability for themselves and their families.  WHAT YOU'LL LEARN FROM THIS EPISODE The story behind TPN: why Adam Uhan started it and how it has evolved into a trusted resource for pilots. How networking is crucial for career success in aviation and how TPN connects pilots with top companies. The challenges and successes of TPNX conferences, from small beginnings to partnerships with industry giants. Insights into TPN's collaboration with Spitfire Aviation to further support pilot career development. Details about the next TPNX conference in Minneapolis (April 16-17) and what attendees can expect. Honoring the legacy of Jason Depew, a legend in aviation education, and the impact of his book, Pilot Math Treasure Bath, on financial literacy for pilots.  QUOTES "The what's next dilemma, it's always what's next, you're going to do that after you have a cup of coffee in the morning... even if you have a great plan you are going to ask yourself what's next." 11:26 "How can we reach the most people and benefit them." 12:30 "Spitfire.. this is not the standard interview prep consultation firm, there is more here." 34:16 On interview prep "If you wing it, and you don't get to where you want to be you are going to look back and wonder... and by the way you will lose 6 months of seniority... would it have been different?" 35:38 "I'm trying to find the open your apperature, the new jobs that are out there that people aren't thinking about." 44:52 "Bring that squadron bar mentality from the military out to everybody." 47:14 #Aviation #AviationCareers #pilotcareer #pilottips #pilotcareertips #aviationcrew #AviationJobs #AviationLeadership #flying #PilotSuccess #pilotpodcast #PilotPreparation #Pilotrecruitment #AviationEducation #AviationOpportunities #AviationPodcast #flyingtips #AirlineInterviewPrep

Send us a textIn this engaging Journal Club episode, Ben and Daphna return to explore the latest research in neonatology. They begin with a pivotal clinical report from Pediatrics on updated algorithms for newborn screening of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD), highlighting simplified protocols and their significant impact on infant mortality. The discussion delves into screening challenges in the NICU, high-altitude settings, and for out-of-hospital births.Next, they discuss the CordSafe study from Australia, a phase 1 trial on the safety of autologous cord blood-derived cell administration for extremely preterm infants, aimed at reducing brain injuries like IVH. Daphna explains the rigorous methodology and promising early findings.Ben then reviews the STAT trial, which evaluates whether primary anastomosis offers better outcomes than stoma formation in NEC surgery. The results show significant reductions in TPN duration and intestinal complications with primary anastomosis.The hosts also discuss trends in PDA management and their surprising association with increased rates of BPD over the past decade, along with insights into evolving diagnostic and therapeutic practices.Finally, they analyze a Spanish study on elective extubation during skin-to-skin care, finding it to be a feasible and safe practice, potentially enhancing neonatal and parental outcomes.Don't miss next week's exciting interview with Dr. Keith Barrington! As always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!

In this episode, artificial intelligence Adam introduces the first AI-powered TPN news brief, providing insights into the latest developments in the aviation industry. The episode covers the expansion of US long-haul routes and emerging market trends, highlighting the evolving dynamics of air travel. AI Adam discusses recent FAA policy changes that impact infrastructure and sustainability efforts within US airlines. Additionally, the shift of Icon Aircraft's manufacturing to the US and updates on FAA safety protocols are examined. Concluding with an invitation for listener feedback, AI Adam encourages the community to share their thoughts and suggestions.

Send us a textIn this episode of the Incubator, hosts Betsy Crouch and David McCulley welcome Dr. Judy Aschner, a prominent neonatologist and physician scientist. Dr. Aschner shares her journey building a research career and emphasizes the importance of mentorship, determination, and collaboration across disciplines. She discusses her personal experiences that shaped her research focus, particularly in pulmonary hypertension and environmental health in neonatology. The conversation highlights the challenges and triumphs of a career in medical research, underscoring the significance of intellectual curiosity and the impact of personal experiences on professional paths. Dr. Judy Aschner discusses her groundbreaking research on manganese levels in parenteral nutrition and its uptake into the brain of infants with prolonged exposure to TPN. She highlights the importance of understanding metal environmental exposures in the NICU and the collaborative efforts that led to successful grant writing for research projects. Dr. Aschner emphasizes the need for inclusivity in research, particularly for children with disabilities, and the significance of longitudinal studies in assessing long-term health outcomes. Additionally, she shares her passion for rock climbing as a means of maintaining mental and physical health amidst her demanding career.As always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!

Send us a textCha-cha-cha-changes

Did you know that Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) can result from both infectious and non-infectious causes? In our latest episode, we delve deep into the pathophysiology of MODS, exploring how different organs interact and fail in sequence. We discuss key concepts like organ functional reserve and the kinetics of organ injury, which aren't as straightforward as they seem. Tune in to learn about the non-linear progression of organ damage and how it impacts management strategies in pediatric critical care.We break down the case into key elements:Patient Background: A 15-year-old girl with chronic TPN dependence and a PICC line presented with septic shock and respiratory failure.Initial Presentation: Blood cultures confirmed Gram-negative rod bacteremia. She developed multi-system complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), thrombocytopenia, and cardiac dysfunction.Management: Broad-spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, and supportive care for MODS.Key Case Highlights:Clinical case of a 15-year-old girl with sepsis from a gram-negative rodDependence on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and prolonged PICC line useDiscussion of septic shock, acute respiratory failure, and acute kidney injuryOverview of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and its definitionsPathophysiology of MODS, including organ functional reserve and kinetics of organ injuryMolecular mechanisms involved in MODS, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and immune responsesSpecific phenotypes of sepsis-induced MODS, including TAMOF and IPMOFManagement strategies for MODS, emphasizing multidisciplinary approachesRole and complications of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in treating MODSImportance of recognizing signs of MODS and timely intervention in pediatric patientsSegment 1: MODS Definitions and PhenotypesKey Definition: MODS is the progressive failure of two or more organ systems due to systemic insults (infectious or non-infectious).Phenotypes:TAMOF (Thrombocytopenia-Associated Multi-Organ Failure): Characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and decreased ADAMTS13 activity.Immunoparalysis: Persistent immunosuppression and risk of secondary infections.Sequential Liver Failure: Often associated with viral triggers.Segment 2: Pathophysiology of MODSMolecular Insights:Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)Innate and adaptive immune dysregulationMicrocirculatory dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injuryOrgan Interactions: MODS evolves through complex multi-organ interdependenciesSegment 3: Diagnosis and Evidence-Based ManagementKey Diagnostic Pearls:MODS is not solely infection-driven; it requires a shared mechanism and predictable outcomes.Use biomarkers like ADAMTS13 and TNF-α response for phenotypic classification.Management Highlights:Supportive Care: Multisystem approach including lung-protective ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and hemodynamic support.Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE): Especially effective in TAMOF by restoring ADAMTS13 and removing inflammatory mediators.Segment 4: Practical Tips for IntensivistsEarly recognition of MODS phenotypes for targeted therapyImportance of multidisciplinary teamwork in critical care settingsMonitoring for complications like TMA and immunoparalysis during prolonged ICU staysFollow Us:Twitter: @PICUDocOnCallEmail:

Why does our ADHD brain get stuck on those annoying negative thoughts? It's all about two parts of our brain: the Task Positive Network (TPN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN). The TPN is our "get stuff done" network - it lights up when we're in the zone, laser-focused on a task. The DMN, on the other hand, is our "daydream/worry" network. It's where creativity flows, but also where negative thoughts creep in. For us ADHD folks, switching between these networks can be tricky. We might get stuck in worry-mode (thanks, DMN) or hyperfocus so hard we forget to eat (hello, TPN).But here's the secret: when you're caught in a loop of negative thoughts, the key is to get into action! Go for a walk, call a friend, or dive into a project. By doing something, you're jumpstarting your TPN and quieting that pesky DMN. It's like changing the channel in your brain. Remember, it's never too late to rewire things upstairs. By understanding how our ADHD brains work and playing to our strengths, we can handle the tough stuff better. It's all about working with our quirky brains, not against them. So next time you're in a funk, remember: your brain has superpowers - you just have to learn how to use them!Resources:https://adhdforsmartwomen.com/aokLearn more by connecting with Tracy through Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, or visit adhdforsmartwomen.com.Are You Ready to Discover Your Brilliance? Order Now: https://adhdforsmartwomen.com/bookJoin Your ADHD Brain is A-OK: https://adhdforsmartwomen.com/aokVisit our website: https://adhdforsmartwomen.comJoin our community of ADHD For Smart Ass Women: https://www.facebook.com/groups/tracyotsukaJoin What Do I Do With My Life Masterclass: spyhappy.me/classUnlock your best days with Blends:,https://adhdforsmartwomen.com/blendsSend a Message: Your Name | Email | Message Understand your ADHD brain with Tracy Otsuka's AOK Academy—personalized strategies, community, and coaching. Learn more at spyhappy.me/earlybird.