PodcastDX

The Public Health Agencies are created to deliver on the Government's commitment to help protect the health and safety of all people and communities in whatever country they live in.  For example: Canada's activities focus on: promoting health, well-being and equity protecting against threats to public health preventing and reducing diseases and injury Health Canada is responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health. It ensures that high-quality health services are accessible, and works to reduce health risks. The UK supports ministers in leading the nation's health and social care to help people live more independent, healthier lives for longer. They are responsible for: supporting and advising their ministers: they help them shape and deliver policy that delivers the government's objectives setting direction: they anticipate the future and lead debate ensuring they protect and improve global and domestic health accountability: they make sure the department and their arm's length bodies deliver on their agreed plans and commitments acting as guardians of the health and care framework: they make sure the legislative, financial, administrative and policy frameworks are fit for purpose and work together troubleshooting: in the last resort, the public and Parliament expect them to take the action needed to resolve crucial and complex issues Although we at PodcastDX reside in the USA, due to recent administration changes we do not feel comfortable listing them as a resource at this time.

Fluoride has been in the news recently with some people questioning the worth of adding this vital mineral to the water supplies in the United States.  Fluoride repairs and prevents damage to teeth caused by bacteria in the mouth. Bacteria in the mouth produce acid when a person eats or drinks. The acid dissolves minerals in a tooth's surface, making the tooth weaker and open to cavities.1 Fluoride replaces the minerals lost from a tooth due to acid breakdown. Some fluoride can replace minerals in the tooth surface, making the outer enamel layer harder to dissolve. Fluoride also may reduce the amount of acid that cavity-causing bacteria produce, as well as making it harder for these bacteria to stick to the teeth.1 Protecting teeth requires consistent, low levels of fluoride in the mouth (in the saliva and on tooth surfaces). Fluoride can also be incorporated into developing dental enamel before a tooth erupts into the mouth, enhancing the tooth's resistance to acid breakdown and preventing cavities later in life. (credits) Some public figures have made false claims that adding fluoride to drinking water poses health risks, such as reduced intelligence in children and cancer. When used at recommended levels, fluoride in drinking water is safe and effective for preventing tooth decay, which also provides benefits for people's overall health. Extensive research has consistently demonstrated that optimal fluoridation does not pose a detectable risk of cancer or other serious health issues.  (credits) The discovery of Fluoride as a preventative for tooth decay. 

Many people assume that ingesting cannabis — whether through edibles, oils, or tinctures — eliminates the cardiovascular risks associated with smoking it. While it's true that edibles avoid the harmful byproducts of combustion (such as carbon monoxide and tar), ingested cannabis still carries significant heart health risks due to the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), its main psychoactive compound. When THC is absorbed through the digestive system, it can cause substantial increases in heart rate and blood pressure — sometimes more dramatically than when cannabis is smoked or vaped. This cardiovascular strain can persist for several hours, making the heart work harder for an extended period. For individuals with existing heart disease, high blood pressure, or other risk factors, this can significantly increase the chances of experiencing arrhythmias, heart attacks, or strokes. Additionally, edible cannabis products often contain higher doses of THC, and because their effects are delayed, people sometimes consume more than intended — compounding the cardiovascular impact. In short: while ingesting cannabis might seem safer than inhaling it, it still triggers systemic effects that can stress the heart and blood vessels — particularly in older adults or anyone with underlying cardiovascular conditions.

This week we have re-posting a brief insight to the fact that stress can play havoc on the immune system and we hope to have a new guest soon to discuss this weighty problem.  If you are a member of the health care community and would like to be a guest on our show to discuss how stress affects the immune system, please drop us a line at PodcastDX@yahoo.com.  Remember chronic stress = excessive cortisol and too much cortisol = a host of medical ailments.      Poor sleep  Cortisol levels are supposed to drop at nighttime, allowing your body to relax and recharge. But if your cortisol levels are too high, you might notice that, even if you've been tired all day, you get a second wind right around bedtime. Then you toss and turn all night – and feel tired again the next day.  Over time, high levels of cortisol deplete the adrenal glands and predispose you to chronic fatigue. So if you feel like your get up and go got up and went, you're probably stressed. ​  You're gaining weight, especially around your abdomen, even when you eat well and exercise.  Cortisol tends to make you thick around the middle, even when you're doing everything “right.”   You catch colds and other infections easily.  Cortisol deactivates your body's natural self-repair mechanisms, which means that your immune system which is perfectly designed by nature to keep you healthy goes caput, leaving you vulnerable to every cootie you encounter.    You crave unhealthy foods.  Cortisol raises your blood sugar, putting you at risk of diabetes. High glucose levels then bump up your insulin levels, which then drop your blood sugar it's a vicious cycle! ​  You experience backaches and headaches.  When your cortisol levels are high over a long period of time, your adrenal glands start to get depleted. This raises prolactin levels, increasing the body's sensitivity to pain, such as backaches and muscle aches. Excessive cortisol also hypersensitizes the brain to pain, such that even the slightest twinge can excite the nerves of the brain, causing headaches. ​  Lo-Libido  Consider cortisol the anti-Viagra.  When stress hormones are high, libido-inducing hormones like testosterone drop. ​  GI Issues.  Your gastrointestinal system is very sensitive to stress hormones like cortisol.  You might experience nausea, heartburn, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, or constipation as a result of too many stress hormones.    Emotional Problems.  Cortisol and epinephrine can lead to jitters, nervous stomach, feelings of panic, even paranoia.  High levels of cortisol suppress production of serotonin, and next thing you know, you're awash in doom and gloom. ​ Chronic High Cortisol=Adrenal Fatigue  When your cortisol levels are bumped up, day after day, your adrenal glands, responsible for the production of cortisol, get worn out. Precursor hormones required for cortisol production get depleted. This could result in full blown adrenal collapse.  (Credits: Dr Lissa Rankin M.D. https://binged.it/3xgOpDc )

This week's episode is very special for all of the veterans out there...  We welcome back three previous guests to discuss receiving healthcare at the Veteran Health Administration (VHA) a component of the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA). ​ Our main guest (from left to right above) is Mark Frerichs, a Navy veteran who was held captive by the Taliban while working as a government contractor in Afghanistan.  His battle didn't end with his eventual release and he was home trying to get the health care services he deserved.  Supporting him are: Kristal Kent, an Army veteran explaining the difficulties she has taken on as a female veteran with what some call "invisible-illness" Fibromyalgia.  And Marine Corps veteran Brain Tally who also had great difficulty within the VA, so much so that he took it upon himself to sponsor a bill and get a new law that will help countless numbers of veterans if they run into problems with their contract doctors in the VA. ​Although two of the three co-hosts here at PodcastDX are also Army veterans, Jean Marie and Lita will not provide their own input on the topic for this episode.  They do however completely agree with the difficulties navigating the largest healthcare system in the United States.    

Nitrous oxide, also sometimes known as “laughing gas,” is used in medicine for its sedative and anesthetic (pain prevention) properties. Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, and multidisciplinary scholar, first synthesized nitrous oxide, which has the chemical formula N2O, in 1772. After Priestley's initial discovery of this substance, fellow chemist Humphry Davy performed various tests on the substance, including breathing the gas alone, with oxygen, and with air. Through this testing, it became clear that nitrous oxide had psychogenic properties, including as a sedative and anesthetic (pain-preventer). At first, nitrous oxide was not used for its medicinal properties; it was sold recreationally as “laughing gas.” However, it was established for use in dentistry in the mid-1860s to relieve discomfort from tooth extractions and other painful dental procedures. By the 1880s, it was used for anesthesia during labor and childbirth. Today, nitrous oxide is still used in dentistry, during labor and childbirth, as well as in emergency medicine. When used medicinally, nitrous oxide is delivered with 30-70% oxygen so a person is never breathing in 100% nitrous oxide. Breathing in 100% nitrous oxide displaces oxygen from the lungs and can result in asphyxiation, damage the body's organs, and even death. Nitrous oxide is sometimes misused recreationally for its euphoric, pleasurable and hallucinogenic effects. However, inhaling nitrous oxide outside of medical settings can be dangerous and even deadly, particularly when used heavily. Although it's not common, repeated use of inhalants like nitrous oxide and whippets can also result in addiction, or substance use disorder. (CREDITS)

Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent diseases. Over the past 50 years, essential vaccines saved at least 154 million lives (1). During the same period, vaccination has reduced infant deaths by 40%. Together with governments, vaccine manufacturers, scientists and medical experts, WHO's vaccine safety program is constantly helping monitor the safety of vaccines. This helps ensure that vaccines are safe for you and your family. ​In the United States, a number of safeguards are required by law to help ensure that the vaccines we receive are safe. Because vaccines are given to millions of healthy people—including children—to prevent serious diseases, they're held to very high safety standards. Every authorized or approved vaccine goes through safety testing, including: Testing and evaluation of the vaccine before it's licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended for use by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Monitoring the vaccine's safety after it is recommended for infants, children, or adults ​ Before a vaccine is ever recommended for use, it's tested in labs. This process can take several years. FDA uses the information from these tests to decide whether to test the vaccine with people. During a clinical trial, a vaccine is tested on people who volunteer to get vaccinated. Clinical trials usually start with 20 to 100 volunteers, but eventually include thousands of volunteers. These tests can take several years and answer important questions like: Is the vaccine safe? What dose (amount) works best? How does the immune system react to it? Throughout the process, FDA works closely with the company producing the vaccine to evaluate the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. All safety concerns must be addressed before FDA licenses or authorizes a vaccine. ​Once a vaccine is approved or authorized, it continues to be tested. The company that makes the vaccine tests batches to make sure the vaccine is: Potent (It works like it's supposed to) Pure (Certain ingredients used during production have been removed) Sterile (It doesn't have any outside germs) FDA reviews the results of these tests and inspects the factories where the vaccine is made. This helps make sure the vaccines meet standards for both quality and safety. ​Once a vaccine is recommended for use, FDA, CDC, and other federal agencies continue to monitor its safety. ​The United States has one of the most advanced systems in the world for tracking vaccine safety. Each of the systems below supplies a different type of data for researchers to analyze. Together, they help provide a full picture of vaccine safety. Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS): VAERS is an early warning system managed by CDC and FDA that is designed to find possible vaccine safety issues. Patients, health care professionals, vaccine companies, and others can use VAERS to report side effects that happen after a patient received a vaccine. Some side effects might be related to vaccination while others might be a coincidence (happen by chance). VAERS helps track unusual or unexpected patterns of reporting that could mean there's a possible vaccine safety issue that needs further evaluation. The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD): VSD is a collaboration between CDC and several health care organizations across the nation. VSD uses databases of medical records to track vaccine safety and do research in large populations. By using medical records instead of self-reports, VSD can quickly study and compare data to find out if reported side effects are linked to a vaccine. Post-licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring System (PRISM), links to an external website, opens in a new tab: PRISM is part of the Sentinel Initiative, which is FDA's national system for monitoring medical products after they're licensed for use. PRISM focuses on vaccine safety—it uses a database of health insurance claims to identify and evaluate possible safety issues for licensed vaccines. Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment Project (CISA): CISA is a collaboration between CDC and a national network of vaccine safety experts from medical research centers. CISA does clinical vaccine safety research and—at the request of providers—evaluates complex cases of possible vaccine side effects in specific patients. Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) System: A system that uses multiple data sources and rapid queries to detect or evaluate adverse events or study specific safety questions. Additional research and testing: The Department of Defense (DoD), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the Indian Health Service (IHS) have systems to monitor vaccine safety and do vaccine safety research. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy (OIDP) also support ongoing research on vaccines and vaccine safety. During emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, additional safety activities are utilized to help evaluate the data in quickly and with special populations. For example, a new smartphone tool called V-safe uses text messaging and surveys to check in with COVID-19 vaccine recipients after vaccination.  (CREDITS)   

Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It's characterized by severe, persistent coughing fits, often ending with a high-pitched "whoop" sound. The disease can be very serious, especially for infants, and is preventable through vaccination. ​​​Whooping cough is an illness that can spread easily. It's also called pertussis. An infection with bacteria causes it. Many people with the illness get a serious hacking cough. Breathing in after coughing often causes a high-pitched noise that sounds like a "whoop." ​Before the vaccine for pertussis came out, whooping cough was thought of as a childhood disease. Today, whooping cough mainly affects children too young to have gotten all their shots of the vaccine. The illness also tends to affect teenagers and adults whose protection from the vaccine has faded. ​Deaths linked with whooping cough are rare. Most often, they occur in infants. But pregnant people can help protect their babies by getting a booster shot of the vaccine during pregnancy. Vaccination also is recommended for other people who will have close contact with an infant. ​Once you become infected with whooping cough, it takes about 5 to 10 days for symptoms to start. Sometimes it takes up to three weeks. The symptoms often are mild at first. They may seem like those of a common cold. They can include: Runny or stuffy nose. Red, watery eyes. Fever. Cough. ​​After a week or two, the symptoms become worse. Thick mucus builds up inside the airways. This causes rapid coughing that can't be controlled. The cough can last for weeks or months, and it may be worse at night. Intense coughing attacks may cause: Vomiting. A red or blue face. Extreme tiredness. A high-pitched "whoop" sound during the next breath of air. ​People with mild illnesses often don't make the whooping sound. Sometimes, an ongoing hacking cough is the only symptom of whooping cough in teens and adults. ​Many babies with the illness don't cough at all. Some babies and young children might. Gag or struggle to breathe. Have skin, lips or nails that turn blue or purple. Have life-threatening pauses in breathing called apnea. (credits)

What's your plan for this summer? Enjoying the water? Going camping? Firing up the grill? Whatever you prefer, we have safety steps to follow. And don't forget your furry friends. There are steps you can take to help keep them safe too. Skin safety Children's skin is more susceptible to sunburns and UV damage from the sun than adults. Before going outside, apply sunscreen and dress your kids in protective clothing like rash guards and hats. Choose a sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 with broad-spectrum protection that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. Sunscreen is only safe for children over 6 months old. For babies under 6 months, keep them shaded and avoid direct sunlight. Children should also wear sunscreen on cloudy days. Even though the sun is hidden behind clouds, UV rays can still penetrate the skin and cause harm. Stay indoors during the peak sun hours. Warm weather can dry out skin. Apply a moisturizing cream or lotion after bath time and before bed to keep skin hydrated. Water safety Babies and small children can drown in just two inches of water. Keep a close eye on children around swimming pools, lakes, rivers, kiddie pools, and bathtubs and small containers of water like toilets, buckets, ice chests, or water tables. Make sure they stay covered, have a safety latch, or are kept out of reach. Children can be quick and slip away in an instant, so keep eyes on them at all times. Children can take swimming lessons as early as their first birthday. Other types of swimming lessons like Infant Swimming Resource (ISR) are an option for babies under 12 months. ISR lessons teach survival and self-rescue skills. Only swim in areas with a certified lifeguard. Never go into the ocean after dark.. Nutrition safety Keep your kids hydrated throughout the day by offering plenty of water to drink. Have water bottles nearby and fill them with ice to keep the water cold. Insulated stainless steel bottles keep water cold for hours. In hot weather, offer hydrating foods like watermelon, cucumbers, berries, homemade fruit pops, and smoothies. If your child doesn't like drinking plain water, try infusing it with citrus fruits or fresh herbs for added flavor. When eating and cooking outdoors, avoid leaving raw meat or prepared foods in the sun to prevent foodborne illnesses. When BBQing, use an internal meat thermometer to ensure meats reach a safe internal temperature before eating. Always supervise open flames or BBQ grills and keep kids' toys and activities away from these areas for safety. Weather safety Avoid outdoor play during peak sun hours to prevent dehydration and heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include dizziness, fatigue, weakness, and nausea. If your child shows any of these signs, get them to a cool place right away, offer water, and use a cool bath or washcloth to help lower their temperature. If symptoms persist after an hour, seek medical attention immediately. Never leave children or pets alone in a car, even for a few minutes, as temperatures can become dangerous quickly. Avoid swimming or entering any body of water during thunderstorms or lightning. Insect safety Apply insect repellent on children before heading outdoors if bugs are around. Use an EPA-registered insect repellent. Eliminate standing water around your home to reduce the number of mosquitoes and other bugs nearby. If you live in an area with a lot of insects, plan indoor activities to avoid bug bites, especially in the evening. When planning an activity in a bug-prone area, dress children in long-sleeve shirts and long pants made from lightweight, breathable fabrics. Keep doors and windows closed whenever possible. If you want to open them, consider installing screens to keep bugs out. (credits)

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. The liver is a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can cause hepatitis. However, hepatitis is often caused by a virus. In the United States, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. ​Hepatitis D, also known as “delta hepatitis,” is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV). Hepatitis D only occurs in people who are also infected with the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis D is spread when blood or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. Hepatitis D can be an acute, short-term infection or become a long-term, chronic infection. Hepatitis D can cause severe symptoms and serious illness that can lead to life-long liver damage and even death. People can become infected with both hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses at the same time (known as “coinfection”) or get hepatitis D after first being infected with the hepatitis B virus (known as “superinfection”). There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis D. However, prevention of hepatitis B with hepatitis B vaccine also protects against future hepatitis D infection. ​Hepatitis E is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). HEV is found in the stool of an infected person. It is spread when someone unknowingly ingests the virus – even in microscopic amounts. In developing countries, people most often get hepatitis E from drinking water contaminated by feces from people who are infected with the virus. In the United States and other developed countries where hepatitis E is not common, people have gotten sick with hepatitis E after eating raw or undercooked pork, venison, wild boar meat, or shellfish. In the past, most cases in developed countries involved people who have recently traveled to countries where hepatitis E is common. Symptoms of hepatitis E can include fatigue, poor appetite, stomach pain, nausea, and jaundice. However, many people with hepatitis E, especially young children, have no symptoms. Except for the rare occurrence of chronic hepatitis E in people with compromised immune systems, most people recover fully from the disease without any complications. No vaccine for hepatitis E is currently available in the United States. (credits CDC)

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of the circumstances. Narcolepsy can cause serious disruptions in your daily routine.  Our guest today is Lindsey who will discuss her life with narcolepsy.   ​ Lindsey grew up in Charlotte NC and is currently residing nearby in Belmont, NC with her husband and dog. She was diagnosed in May of 2019 after dealing with symptoms since childhood. She was previously misdiagnosed and had doctors dismiss her sleepiness for being a normal teenager or college student. She continued to press doctors for answers and finally received a diagnosis and began treatment less than a year ago. She is now trying to speak out an advocate so that others do not have to have the same long path to diagnosis she did. 

On today's show we are speaking once again with Sheila Ames.  As you may recall, Sheila is a Registered Nurse and the founder of "Ames Alchemy Coaching" which can be found on Facebook and Instagram.  Today she joins us to discus her life-long struggles with migraines.    A migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It's often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine attacks can last for hours to days, and the pain can be so severe that it interferes with your daily activities. For some people, a warning symptom known as an aura occurs before or with the headache. An aura can include visual disturbances, such as flashes of light or blind spots, or other disturbances, such as tingling on one side of the face or in an arm or leg and difficulty speaking. Medications can help prevent some migraines and make them less painful. The right medicines, combined with self-help remedies and lifestyle changes, might help. (Credits: Mayo Clinic)

Bacteria called group B Streptococcus (group B strep, GBS) commonly live in people's gastrointestinal and genital tracts. The gastrointestinal tract is the part of the body that digests food and includes the stomach and intestines. The genital tract is the part of the body involved in reproduction and includes the vagina in women. Most of the time the bacteria are not harmful and do not make people feel sick or have any symptoms. Sometimes the bacteria invade the body and cause certain infections, which are known as GBS disease. ​ GBS bacteria can cause many types of infections: Bacteremia (bloodstream infection) and sepsis (the body's extreme response to an infection) Bone and joint infections Meningitis (infection of the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord) Pneumonia (lung infection) Skin and soft-tissue infections GBS most commonly causes bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis in newborns. It is very uncommon for GBS to cause meningitis in adults. (CDC)

Incontinence refers to the involuntary leakage of urine (urinary incontinence) or feces (bowel incontinence), a common problem that can significantly impact quality of life.    Urinary Incontinence: Definition: Urinary incontinence is the accidental loss of urine.    Types: Stress incontinence: Leakage during physical activity or when the bladder is under pressure (coughing, sneezing, laughing).    Urge incontinence: A strong, sudden urge to urinate that you can't control, leading to leakage.    Overflow incontinence: Leakage due to the bladder not emptying completely, leading to frequent leaking.    Mixed incontinence: A combination of stress and urge incontinence    Causes: Weak bladder muscles, overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, and certain medical conditions.    Treatment: Can include lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, medications, and in some cases, surgery.    Bowel Incontinence: Definition: Bowel incontinence, also called fecal incontinence, is the unintentional leakage of stool. Causes: Muscle damage or weakness, nerve damage, diarrhea, constipation, and certain medical conditions. Treatment: Can include dietary changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery. 

  Winter sports are thrilling and enjoyable, but they come with unique risks that require careful preparation and safety measures. Activities such as skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, and sledding expose participants to hazards like icy conditions, extreme cold, and potential collisions. Wearing appropriate protective gear, such as helmets, padded clothing, and eye protection, can significantly reduce the risk of injury. Additionally, dressing in moisture-wicking and layered clothing helps maintain body warmth and prevent frostbite or hypothermia. It is also crucial to stay hydrated, as cold weather can mask dehydration, leading to fatigue and impaired judgment. Beyond proper attire and gear, choosing the right location for winter activities plays a vital role in safety. Skiers and snowboarders should stay on marked trails and follow posted safety signs, while ice skaters should use designated rinks rather than unsafe, natural bodies of water. Supervision is essential, especially for children, as they may not recognize potential dangers. Activities like ice fishing and snow fort building also require special precautions, such as checking ice thickness and avoiding enclosed snow structures that could collapse. By following these guidelines, individuals can enjoy winter sports safely while minimizing the risk of accidents and injuries.

This week we discuss vectors in a hotter world.   Vector-borne diseases, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies, pose a significant burden on global public health. These diseases disproportionately affect populations in tropical and subtropical regions, where environmental conditions favor the survival and proliferation of vectors. Given that vectors are ectothermic organisms, their life cycles, reproduction, survival rates, and geographic distribution are heavily influenced by climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. Consequently, changes in climate patterns can have profound effects on the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases, altering their geographic spread and intensity. Rising global temperatures have led to the expansion of vector habitats into previously unsuitable regions, including temperate zones. Warmer climates accelerate the development of many vectors and pathogens, reducing the extrinsic incubation period of viruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Additionally, increased temperatures can extend the breeding season of mosquitoes like Aedes aegypti and Anopheles species, enhancing their capacity to transmit diseases such as malaria. Conversely, extreme heat events may reduce vector survival in some regions, leading to localized declines in transmission. ​Changes in precipitation patterns also play a crucial role in shaping vector distribution. Heavy rainfall events can create new breeding sites for mosquitoes by increasing the availability of stagnant water, while drought conditions may drive vectors closer to human settlements in search of water sources. In particular, shifts in rainfall patterns have been linked to outbreaks of malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus in various parts of the world. Increased humidity can further facilitate the survival of certain pathogens within vectors, enhancing their ability to transmit infections. Beyond climate variables, other anthropogenic factors contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Land use changes, such as deforestation and urbanization, have disrupted natural ecosystems, bringing vectors and humans into closer contact. For example, deforestation in the Amazon has been associated with increased malaria transmission due to the creation of new breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes. Similarly, expanding urban populations with inadequate water management systems provide ideal conditions for the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, driving the rise in dengue and chikungunya cases. Globalization and human mobility further compound the issue by facilitating the movement of infected individuals and vectors across borders. Increased travel and trade have contributed to the introduction and establishment of vector-borne diseases in regions where they were previously rare. For instance, the spread of Aedes albopictus, a competent vector for dengue and chikungunya, has been linked to international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo plants, which serve as breeding grounds during transport. The multifaceted relationship between climate change and vector-borne diseases presents a challenge for public health interventions. While climate factors influence vector dynamics, their impact is often modulated by socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, and public health responses. To mitigate the growing threat of vector-borne diseases, an integrated approach is necessary—combining climate adaptation strategies, vector control measures, surveillance programs, and community engagement. Recent research underscores the importance of predictive modeling to anticipate outbreaks and inform public health policies. Advances in remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and climate modeling are enabling researchers to identify high-risk areas and implement targeted interventions. Strengthening early warning systems and investing in sustainable vector control strategies, such as genetically modified mosquitoes and Wolbachia-infected mosquito programs, offer promising avenues for reducing disease transmission. In conclusion, while climate change is reshaping the global landscape of vector-borne diseases, its effects are complex and intertwined with other environmental and societal factors. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing proactive strategies to mitigate the risks associated with the redistribution of vectors and the spread of diseases worldwide. By integrating climate science, epidemiology, and public health measures, we can better prepare for emerging threats and protect vulnerable populations from the growing impact of vector-borne diseases.  

This week we discuss the basics about a topic several of our guests have spoken about- Ehlers Danlos Syndrome or EDS.   ​Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. Connective tissue is a complex mixture of proteins and other substances that provide strength and elasticity to the underlying structures in your body. ​The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes received a major overhaul in 2017 and this is what we now know: EDS are heritable connective tissue disorders affecting the quality of collagen in every part of the body. There are now 13 recognized subtypes of EDS, 12 of which are genuinely rare and have the aberrant gene identified. Hypermobile EDS (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) is by far the most common type; these conditions are part of a spectrum and the distinction is hoped to be useful for research, but is otherwise academic. hEDS/HSD is a multi-system disorder which can have a marked impact on health and which may help us to explain apparently mysterious multiple symptoms. Don't let the changing terminology confuse you. 3.4% of the population have generalized joint hypermobility and chronic widespread pain (a proxy for the now obsolete diagnosis of joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS). Patients who in the past received a diagnosis of JHS (or Benign JHS), EDS-Hypermobility Type or EDS Type III would now be categorized as having hEDS or HSD. “If you can't connect the issues, think connective tissues” Non-specific and medically unexplained symptoms are usually real and should not be dismissed It can be easy to make a big difference to the quality of life of some of your most complex patients with a few simple and inexpensive measures, but the journey starts with recognition. The median time from symptom onset to seeking a GP opinion is 2 years and the median time to diagnosis 10 years. If we make an early diagnosis and manage the conditions appropriately, there may be potential to reduce long term disability which can occur from EDS. Enquire about family members; these are hereditary disorders of connective tissue so positive family histories are common. Although no gene has yet been identified, hEDS is primarily of autosomal dominant inheritance. Children can present with symptoms of hEDS/HSD, including abdominal symptoms or growing pains. They may also present with neurodevelopmental disorders such as hyperactivity, inattention, dyspraxia, autistic spectrum disorder, sleep, and food issues, emotional problems, hypersensitivity and anxiety. A low Beighton score does not exclude hEDS/HSD,. Patients stiffen with age so their Beighton score may decrease, although pain may worsen. The extent of multi-system symptoms is not related to the Beighton score. Consider co-existing conditions; In recent years, we have begun to understand more about associated or co-morbid conditions which are frequently found in people with hEDS, including autonomic dysfunction (postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) and symptomatic low blood pressure), mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and gastrointestinal dysfunction. (Credits: GPTOOLKIT)

This week we discuss "Food is Medicine".  The concept of "food is medicine" refers to the idea that certain foods and dietary patterns can play a significant role in promoting health, preventing disease, and managing chronic conditions.   This concept is based on the notion that food is not only a source of energy and nutrients but also a powerful tool for influencing our physiological and biochemical processes.  Access to affordable, nutritious food is crucial for good health, yet many Americans, particularly in under-resourced communities, face barriers. The result? A $1.1 trillion healthcare bill for diet-related diseases — equal to all the money we currently spend on food itself.

Our guest today is Evelyn Gamble.  Evelyn is a dedicated healthcare worker and passionate heart disease advocate. With a deep commitment to improving health outcomes, Evelyn uses her personal and professional experiences to raise awareness about heart health, particularly for young adults. As a strong voice for change, she aims to inspire others to take proactive steps in managing their heart health and to advocate for better care and resources for those affected by heart disease.     Definition: A heart arrhythmia, also known as a cardiac arrhythmia, is an abnormal rhythm of the heart. It occurs when the electrical impulses that control the heart's contractions do not function properly.    Causes:    Heart arrhythmias can be caused by a wide range of factors, including:    Heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart failure) Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., low potassium or magnesium) Certain medications (e.g., stimulants, caffeine) Thyroid disorders Damage to the Vagus Nerve Stress Genetics    Types:    There are many different types of heart arrhythmias, which can be classified based on the rate and rhythm of the heart:    Tachycardia: A rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute)    Bradycardia: A slow heart rate (under 60 beats per minute)    Atrial fibrillation: A quivering or irregular rhythm of the upper chambers of the heart (atria)    Ventricular fibrillation: A life-threatening rhythm where the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) contract irregularly and chaotically    Premature beats: Extra heartbeats that occur early in the rhythm    Symptoms:    Some people with heart arrhythmias may not experience any symptoms. Others may have symptoms such as:    Palpitations (feeling like the heart is racing or fluttering), Chest pain or discomfort, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Fainting, and Shortness of breath.    Diagnosis and Treatment:    To diagnose a heart arrhythmia, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam, ask about your medical history, and take an electrocardiogram (ECG). Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the arrhythmia and may include:    Medications (e.g., beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics) Lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise, stress management) Surgery (e.g., ablation procedure) Implantable devices (e.g., pacemakers, defibrillators)    Outlook: The outlook for people with heart arrhythmias varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

This week's episode we will discuss the resurgence of TB/ Tuberculosis.  TB is a treatable and curable disease. Active, drug-susceptible TB disease is treated with a standard 6-month course of 4 antimicrobial drugs that are provided with information and support to the patient by a health worker or trained volunteer. Without such support, treatment adherence is more difficult. Since 2000, an estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment. (credits: WHO) A total of 1.5 million people died from TB in 2020 (including 214 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 (above HIV/AIDS). In 2020, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. 5.6 million men, 3.3 million women and 1.1 million children. TB is present in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable. In 2020, 1.1 million children fell ill with TB globally. Child and adolescent TB is often overlooked by health providers and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. In 2020, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 86% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about one in three people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2020. Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year and between 2015 and 2020 the cumulative reduction was 11%. This was over half way to the End TB Strategy milestone of 20% reduction between 2015 and 2020. An estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2020. Globally, close to one in two TB-affected households face costs higher than 20% of their household income, according to latest national TB patient cost survey data. The world did not reach the milestone of 0% TB patients and their households facing catastrophic costs as a result of TB disease by 2020. By 2022, US$ 13 billion is needed annually for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care to achieve the global target agreed at the UN high level-meeting on TB in 2018. Funding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that account for 98% of reported TB cases falls far short of what is needed. Spending in 2020 amounted to US$ 5.3 billion less than half (41%) of the global target. There was an 8.7% decline in spending between 2019 and 2020 (from US$ 5.8 billion to US$ 5.3 billion), with TB funding in 2020 back to the level of 2016. Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable. TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected. About one-quarter of the world's population has a TB infection, which means people have been infected by TB bacteria but are not (yet) ill with the disease and cannot transmit it. People infected with TB bacteria have a 5–10% lifetime risk of falling ill with TB. Those with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill. When a person develops active TB disease, the symptoms (such as cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss) may be mild for many months. This can lead to delays in seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others. People with active TB can infect 5–15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without proper treatment, 45% of HIV-negative people with TB on average and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die. Who is most at risk? Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries. People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB (see TB and HIV section below). The risk of active TB is also greater in persons suffering from other conditions that impair the immune system. People with undernutrition are 3 times more at risk. Globally in 2020, there were 1.9 million new TB cases that were attributable to undernutrition. Alcohol use disorder and tobacco smoking increase the risk of TB disease by a factor of 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. In 2020, 0.74 million new TB cases worldwide were attributable to alcohol use disorder and 0.73 million were attributable to smoking. Global impact of TB TB occurs in every part of the world. In 2020, the largest number of new TB cases occurred in the WHO South-East Asian Region, with 43% of new cases, followed by the WHO African Region, with 25% of new cases and the WHO Western Pacific with 18%. In 2020, 86% of new TB cases occurred in the 30 high TB burden countries. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the new TB cases: India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. Symptoms and diagnosis Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. WHO recommends the use of rapid molecular diagnostic tests as the initial diagnostic test in all persons with signs and symptoms of TB as they have high diagnostic accuracy and will lead to major improvements in the early detection of TB and drug-resistant TB. Rapid tests recommended by WHO are the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Truenat assays. Diagnosing multidrug-resistant and other resistant forms of TB (see Multidrug-resistant TB section below) as well as HIV-associated TB can be complex and expensive. Tuberculosis is particularly difficult to diagnose in children.  

Our guest today is a Physical Therapist that specializes in Sciatica. Dean Volk, MPT, and owner of Sciatica Relief Now, has spent over 33 years revolutionizing sciatica treatment. After owning three successful clinics and a cash concierge practice and working with professional athletes, Volk transitioned to a virtual model in 2018, turning this side hustle into a full-time operation in 2021. Now based in Santa Monica, CA, Dean and his team of coaches provide virtual consultations and coaching to clients worldwide, helping them live their lives to the fullest. The cornerstone of Sciatica Relief Now's success is Volk's unique approach, which operates 180 degrees opposite to traditional physical therapy and chiropractic methods. Unlike many standard treatments that rely on generic exercises, stretching, or painful adjustments, Sciatica Relief Now focuses on finding the right motion for each individual's body. This personalized approach addresses the root causes of their pain. Dean Volk explains, “We believe that the right motion is lotion for the body. Our approach does not involve stretching or digging into the painful side. Instead, we teach our clients to view their sciatica as a wound that needs to heal. By helping them balance out their bodies and reduce compensation, we put their bodies in an optimal position to heal.” Sciatica Relief Now's 8-week programs, offered through both group and one-on-one coaching, have helped clients return to activities they once thought were impossible. From professional rowing and marathon running to everyday tasks like gardening and walking, clients are finding long-lasting relief and regaining their quality of life. One of the key differentiators of Sciatica Relief Now is its 100% virtual model. This allows clients to receive expert guidance and support from the comfort of their own homes, eliminating the need for time-consuming travel and waiting room visits. Dean Volk's team offers both group coaching and personalized one-on-one sessions, complemented by their DWY (Do With You) Online course, which empowers clients to take control of their own healing process. By focusing on common-sense solutions and teaching clients how to heal their bodies naturally, Volk and his team are making a significant impact on the lives of those suffering from sciatica.  Dean Volk's dedication to his craft and his clients is evident in his continuous efforts to refine and perfect his treatment protocols. Over the last 16 years, he has diligently worked on his approach. His commitment to education and empowerment is further demonstrated through his extensive experience before he sold his clinics in 2020. With a focus on simplicity and effectiveness, Sciatica Relief Now's methods are designed to be accessible and understandable for all clients. The virtual nature of the service also means that clients from anywhere in the world can benefit from Volk's expertise and guidance. For those interested in exploring a new, effective approach to sciatica relief, Sciatica Relief Now offers a promising solution. By thinking differently about sciatica treatment and focusing on the right motion for each individual, Dean Volk and his team are helping people reclaim their lives and move forward without the fear of debilitating pain. For more information, visit Sciatica Relief Now, follow @SciaticaReliefNow, and check out the YouTube Channel. Contact Information: Dean Volk Email: info@sciaticareliefnow.net About Sciatica Relief Now: Sciatica Relief Now helps sciatica sufferers who have failed multiple treatment approaches find relief and regain their lives without medications, injections, or surgery. Founded by Dean Volk, MPT, the company offers a unique, 100% virtual approach that teaches clients how to heal their bodies naturally.

In this episode we will discuss Myasthenia Gravis, an Autoimmune Disease affecting the neuromuscular system of the body with Tasha White, Director of a new Non-profit organization called My Walk with MG located in St. Louis, MO. ​ Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles include muscles that connect to a person's bones, muscles in the face, throat, and diaphragm. They contract to move the arms and legs and are essential for breathing, swallowing and facial movements. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body's defense system mistakenly attacks healthy cells or proteins needed for normal functioning. The onset of the disorder may be sudden. Symptoms may not be immediately recognized as myasthenia gravis. The degree of muscle weakness involved varies greatly among individuals.    

This week we discuss blood clots A blood clot is a clump of blood that has changed from a liquid to a gel-like or semisolid state. Clotting is a necessary process that can help prevent excessive blood loss when you have a cut, for example. Thrombosis is when a blood clot forms and reduces blood flow. There are two types: Arterial thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery. Venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein. When a clot forms inside one of your veins, it may dissolve on its own. However, sometimes a clot doesn't dissolve on its own, or part of it breaks off and travels elsewhere in your circulatory system. When this happens, the blood clot may get stuck elsewhere and restrict blood flow, known as embolism. These situations can be very dangerous and even life threatening. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 2 people don't experience any symptoms when they have a deep venous blood clot. When symptoms do appear, it's important to get immediate medical attention. ​ Medical emergency A blood clot may be a medical emergency and life threatening if left untreated. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if you or someone you're with experiences symptoms of a serious blood clot, such as: sudden shortness of breath chest pressure difficulty breathing, seeing, or speaking ​Call a doctor or seek medical attention if you experience throbbing, swelling, and tenderness in one body part.  

This week we discuss hearing loss. A person who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing – hearing thresholds of 20 dB or better in both ears – is said to have hearing loss. Hearing loss may be mild, moderate, severe or profound. It can affect one ear or both ears and leads to difficulty in hearing conversational speech or loud sounds. Hard of hearing refers to people with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe. People who are hard of hearing usually communicate through spoken language and can benefit from hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive devices as well as captioning. ​Hearing loss that comes on little by little as you age, also known as presbycusis, is common. More than half the people in the United States older than age 75 have some age-related hearing loss. There are three types of hearing loss: Conductive, which involves the outer or middle ear. Sensorineural, which involves the inner ear. Mixed, which is a mix of the two. Aging and being around loud noises both can cause hearing loss. Other factors, such as too much earwax, can lower how well ears work for a time.  Deaf people mostly have profound hearing loss, which implies very little or no hearing. They often use sign language for communication.  We will not cover deafness during this episode  

In this episode we will discuss food safety at the holidays.  From prep to serving there are important tips to remember to ensure a toxin free meal for everyone! ​ Parties, family dinners, and other gatherings where food is served are all part of the holiday cheer. But the joy can change to misery if food makes you or others ill. Typical symptoms of foodborne illness, also known as food poisoning, are vomiting, diarrhea, and flu-like symptoms, which can start anywhere from hours to days after contaminated food or drinks are consumed. The symptoms usually are not long-lasting in healthy people — a few hours or a few days — and usually go away without medical treatment. But foodborne illness can be severe and even life-threatening to anyone, especially those most at risk: older adults infants and young children pregnant people people with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, cancer, or any condition that weakens their immune system people who take medicines that suppress the immune system; for example, some medicines for lupus, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis ​​ The good news is that practicing four basic food safety measures can help prevent foodborne illness. ​ 1. Clean: The first rule of safe food preparation in the home is to keep everything clean. Wash hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds before and after handling any food. To help you remember, it takes about 20 seconds to sing "Happy Birthday" two times. Wash food-contact surfaces (cutting boards, dishes, utensils, countertops) with hot, soapy water after preparing each food item and before going on to the next item. Rinse fruits and vegetables thoroughly under cool running water and use a produce brush to remove surface dirt. Do not rinse raw meat and poultry before cooking. Washing these foods makes it more likely for bacteria to spread to areas around the sink and countertops. ​ 2. Separate: Don't give bacteria the opportunity to spread from one food to another (cross-contamination). Keep raw eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from foods that won't be cooked. Take this precaution while shopping in the store, when storing in the refrigerator at home, and while preparing meals. Consider using one cutting board only for foods that will be cooked (such as raw meat, poultry, and seafood) and another one for foods that will not be cooked (such as raw fruits and vegetables). Keep fruits and vegetables that will be eaten raw separate from other foods such as raw meat, poultry or seafood — and from kitchen utensils used for those products. Do not put cooked meat or other food that is ready to eat on an unwashed plate that has held any raw eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, or their juices. ​​ 3. Cook: Food is safely cooked when it reaches a high enough internal temperature to kill harmful bacteria. Color is not a reliable indicator of doneness. Use a food thermometer to make sure meat, poultry, and fish are cooked to a safe internal temperature. To check a turkey for safety, insert a food thermometer into the innermost part of the thigh and wing and the thickest part of the breast. The turkey is safe when the temperature reaches 165ºF. If the turkey is stuffed, the temperature of the stuffing should be 165ºF. (Please read on for more pointers on stuffing.) Bring sauces, soups, and gravies to a rolling boil when reheating. Cook eggs until the yolk and white are firm. When making your own eggnog or other recipe calling for raw eggs, use pasteurized shell eggs, liquid or frozen pasteurized egg products, or powdered egg whites. Don't eat uncooked cookie dough, which may contain raw eggs and raw flour.  ​​ 4. Chill: Refrigerate foods quickly because harmful bacteria grow rapidly at room temperature. Refrigerate leftovers and takeout foods — and any type of food that should be refrigerated — within two hours. That includes pumpkin pie! Set your refrigerator at or below 40ºF and the freezer at 0ºF. Check both periodically with an appliance thermometer. Never defrost food at room temperature. Food can be defrosted safely in the refrigerator, under cold running water, or in the microwave. Food thawed in cold water or in the microwave should be cooked immediately. Allow the correct amount of time to properly thaw food. For example, a 20-pound turkey needs four to five days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator. Don't taste food that looks or smells questionable. A good rule to follow is, when in doubt, throw it out. Leftovers should be used within three to four days.  ​​ Bonus Tip: Use Care with Stuffing! Whether it is cooked inside or outside the bird, all stuffing and dressing must be cooked to a minimum temperature of 165ºF. For optimum safety, cooking your stuffing in a casserole dish is recommended. Stuffing should be prepared and stuffed into the turkey immediately before it's placed in the oven. Mix wet and dry ingredients for the stuffing separately and combine just before using. The turkey should be stuffed loosely, about 3/4 cup stuffing per pound of turkey. Any extra stuffing should be baked in a greased casserole dish. (CREDITS: FDA)  

This week we discuss Abdominal adhesions.  These are bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal tissues and organs. Like the name suggests, the tissue can cause your organs to “adhere,” or stick together. Adhesions commonly form after abdominal surgery. Typically, you don't need treatment unless they cause a complication, like a small bowel obstruction. Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between the organs in your belly and pelvis. Mainly, they form between loops of your small intestine. They can also form between an organ and the wall of your abdominal cavity. Your abdominal cavity contains your: Digestive system, including your stomach and intestines. Female reproductive organs. Kidneys and adrenal glands. Liver. Pancreas. Spleen. Adhesions occur when there's injury or inflammation in your abdomen. They can even form from normal handling during surgery. In fact, they're most common after abdominal surgery. As a natural part of healing, scar tissue forms that can cause tissues to stiffen and stick together (“adhere”). How common are abdominal adhesions? Abdominal adhesions are the most common consequence of having surgery on your abdomen. The majority of people develop adhesions after abdominal surgery. But most people don't need treatment unless they're experiencing symptoms. Adhesions are also the most common cause of a small bowel obstruction. A bowel obstruction is a medical emergency that involves complete or partial blockage in your intestines. (credits Cleveland Clinic)

The first human vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn't cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create a vaccine for humans. Vaccines are made using several different processes. They may contain live viruses that have been attenuated (weakened or altered so as not to cause illness); inactivated or killed organisms or viruses; inactivated toxins (for bacterial diseases where toxins generated by the bacteria, and not the bacteria themselves, cause illness); or merely segments of the pathogen (this includes both subunit and conjugate vaccines).

This week we will discuss possible treatment methods for AFIB.   Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common type of irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically and out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles). This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including: Palpitations (a feeling of a racing or irregular heartbeat) Fatigue Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest discomfort ​ AFib can increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications. ​ Treatment Options for AFib Management of AFib focuses on controlling the heart rate and rhythm, preventing blood clots, and addressing underlying conditions contributing to the arrhythmia. The choice of treatment depends on the individual's symptoms, overall health, and risk factors. 1. Medications Medications are often the first line of treatment for AFib. These include: Rate-Control Medications Aim to slow the heart rate to a normal range. Common drugs: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil), and digoxin. Rhythm-Control Medications Help restore and maintain a normal heart rhythm. Common drugs: Antiarrhythmics like amiodarone, flecainide, or sotalol. Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners) Reduce the risk of stroke by preventing blood clots. Examples: Warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like apixaban (Eliquis) or rivaroxaban (Xarelto). 2. Ablation Therapy Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at correcting the electrical signals causing AFib. It is typically recommended for individuals who: Do not respond to or cannot tolerate medications. Have recurrent or persistent AFib that significantly impacts quality of life. Types of ablation: Catheter Ablation Uses thin tubes (catheters) inserted into blood vessels to deliver energy (radiofrequency or cryotherapy) to destroy small areas of heart tissue causing abnormal electrical signals. Surgical Ablation (Maze Procedure) Often performed during open-heart surgery for other conditions, creating scar tissue to block abnormal signals. Both options have high success rates, but catheter ablation is more commonly performed due to its minimally invasive nature. Choosing the Right Treatment Deciding between medications or ablation depends on factors such as: The severity and frequency of symptoms. The presence of other medical conditions. Patient preference and lifestyle. Consultation with a cardiologist or electrophysiologist is crucial to tailor treatment to the individual's needs.

This week we are talking about the Vagus Nerve.  The vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) is a critical part of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for regulating vital functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration. It extends from the brainstem (medulla oblongata) through the neck and chest to the abdomen, with motor and sensory fibers allowing communication between the brain and organs. The vagus nerve has two branches—left and right—which overlap in regulating autonomic functions. Functions and Importance Cardiac and Pulmonary Regulation: The left vagus nerve primarily innervates the heart, while the right focuses on the lungs, though both contribute to overall regulation. Digestive System Support: It promotes digestion by increasing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and stimulating enzyme release. Mental Health and Inflammation: The vagus nerve influences mood, anxiety, and stress by connecting to brain areas that regulate emotions. It also modulates inflammation, reducing pro-inflammatory molecules. Enteric Nervous System Connection: Acting as a bridge between the brain and the "second brain" in the gut, the vagus nerve ensures coordination of digestive processes. Vulnerability to Injury Due to its extensive pathway, the vagus nerve is prone to injury from trauma, surgery, infections, tumors, or certain medical conditions. Common causes include: Trauma: Accidents, falls, or sports injuries affecting the neck or chest. Surgical Complications: Procedures in the neck, chest, or abdomen can unintentionally damage the nerve. Medical Conditions: Disorders such as gastric ulcers, reflux, or tumors may affect the nerve. Infections like Lyme disease or meningitis are also potential causes. Idiopathic Cases: Sometimes, the cause of vagus nerve injury remains unknown, requiring further investigation. Symptoms of Vagus Nerve Injury Injury symptoms depend on the severity and location of damage and may include: Cardiovascular: Rapid or irregular heartbeat, blood pressure changes. Digestive: Bloating, constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty swallowing. Voice and Throat: Hoarseness, voice changes. General: Anxiety, depression, or excessive sweating. Diagnosis and Management Diagnosing vagus nerve damage involves imaging, nerve conduction studies, and blood tests to assess functionality. Early detection is crucial for effective management and preventing complications. Prompt medical intervention can improve symptoms and enhance quality of life. Understanding the vagus nerve's anatomy and functions underscores its significance in maintaining overall health, aiding healthcare professionals in diagnosing and addressing related dysfunctions.

Our guest this week is Christine James.  Christine is a mother to two daughters, 19 and 23, a nurse of 8 ½ years and now a chronic pain patient.  She was happy to take the time to speak with us in order to bring awareness to a rare and largely unknown disease: CRPS or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. As a nurse she worked in the fields of home health, acute medical, psych, long term care, dialysis; and has floated to many other units within hospitals. She has worked at the bedside and have also held supervisory positions. Passionate about her career as a nurse, she hopes to get well enough to work again. In her 20's she was diagnosed with degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis of the spine. Over the course of many years she went through many procedures and treatments due to lumbar disc herniations to include six back surgeries- one of which resulted in permanent damage to her L-5/S-1 nerve root resulting in permanent right foot drop, and one of which was a fusion of L-5/S-1 using four screws and two rods. After walking 10 years with foot drop and working as a nurse the instability and condition in her right ankle caused constant swelling and pain which led her to seek further treatment. It was found that her joint was arthritic and the bones were collapsing out of position. Her Achilles tendon was also found to be too tight. On March 11, 2024 she underwent a right Achilles tendon release, tendon transfer to improve foot drop.  Three weeks later the symptoms of CRPS were recognized by her surgeon and she was diagnosed on April 8, 2024. Due to her foundation of knowledge as a nurse and due to her drive to get better, she joined multiple social media platforms in search of how to find the treatment she needed and through that process she also began helping others learn about this disease. When she is feeling healthy, she enjoys many creative hobbies, gardening, and is an avid concertgoer. She has two cats, & lives with her boyfriend in Michigan.  They are currently struggling to make it through this difficult time with her health. Financial issues have become bad enough that she sold personal items, used food pantries, and started a gofundme. She is currently active in Facebook groups and has a TikTok account that she uses to network with others that have CRPS, chronic pain, and chronic illness. ​She is grateful to participate in the online community in any way to bring awareness and understanding to CRPS sufferers.

  This week we discuss the field of Functional Neurology with Dr. Alexander Zubkov.  Stroke care is complex and does not stop when a patient is discharged from the hospital.  As a Functional Neurologist, Dr. Zubkov offers comprehensive follow-up for Stroke care, and focus on prevention through health and wellness.  According to his online presence, these are the benefits of such tailored medical care: Benefits of Integrative Neurology and Functional Medicine Identify the root cause of your illness Decrease excessive inflammation Balance your brain Reversal of cognitive decline Improve your overall health State of the art laboratory testing Nutritionist evaluation Short and long-term health planning Physician-grade supplement   Dr. Zubkov believes that we are facing an epidemic of unhealthy lifestyles and environments, but there is hope for change. You have the power to make positive changes in your life, and it doesn't have to be a sacrifice of joy and fun. With one voice and one mind, we can learn to eat real food, exercise, and rest to achieve radiant health. While crisis care is excellent in acute cases, the current model of healthcare fails in preventing and treating chronic diseases. However, since the early 90s, there has been a wealth of rock-solid studies proving that many chronic illnesses are preventable. The problem is that the abundance of information can lead to confusion, without the specific context for each individual. Core Beliefs: Dr. Zubkov knows that each person is unique, and it's not enough to simply tell them what not to eat. By understanding their personal story and history, teaching them, and backing up strategies with proper laboratory assessments, we can make meaningful changes towards a healthier life. So don't lose hope - you have the power to improve your health and wellbeing. Dr. Zubkov founded Mind Body Neurology, PLLC to help patients to recover from neurological diseases through holistic approach.

The winter season brings cold temperatures and severe weather conditions that create many hazards for individuals working in areas that experience these conditions. Even if you work indoors, winter weather still poses many hazards for you, such as driving into work in bad weather or walking through an icy parking lot to get to your building. It is important to recognize and address the hazards the winter season brings with it. ​ During extremely cold weather or winter storms, staying warm and safe can be a challenge. Winter storms can bring cold temperatures, power failures, loss of communication services, and icy roads. To keep yourself and your loved ones safe, you should know how to prepare your home and your car before a winter storm hits.

This week we are talking once again with Dan "Dry Dock" Shockley on "Staying Healthy as a Veteran"  For Veteran's Day this year we are featuring Dan because even though he has been dealt a hard blow with a hereditary colon cancer gene he is not letting that slow him down one bit!  As a matter of fact he is thriving and advocating for others around the globe as a hereditary colon cancer ambassador!  Here is some more about Dan:   ​Dan Dry Dock Shockley, retired U.S. Navy veteran; Operation Desert Storm; Enduring and Iraqi Freedom veteran and a hereditary colon cancer WARRIOR.  The U.S. based Colon Cancer Alliance featured his journey for their Veterans Day blog. The below url provided for your reading pleasure: https://www.ccalliance.org/blog/prevention/dan-drydock-shockley-colon-cancer-warrior-forges-on Also, in honor of Rare Cancer Day, 30 September, the NORDpod featured him as a special guest. The below url provided for your listening pleasure: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6cJJwWXEp34wD8ulFBXNQu?si=m6_V8YwJRwqEAWxXzTp3Cw&utm_source=native-share-menu&dl_branch=1  Additionally, he has been a regular contributor to the UK based Rare Revolution team. They recently invited me to be part of their National Patient Advocate Day campaign. My input can be viewed on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tv/CSwmNDwjuLQ/?utm_medium=copy_link In closing, here's his latest article which was featured by the Montreal based, RareDIG Organization. https://www.raredigmcgill.com/HORD/Season-Four

In this episode we will discuss Halloween Safety during COVID   ​ Fall celebrations like Halloween and Harvest Day are fun times for children, who at one time could dress up in costumes, enjoy parties, and eat yummy treats.   These celebrations also provide a chance to give out healthy snacks, get physical activity, and focus on safety. ​ Check out these tips to help make the festivities fun and safe for trick-or-treaters and some ideas to replace typical parties during these uncommonly scary times.

Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling tiny crystalline particles of silica, or silicon dioxide, often linked to work environments like mining, construction, stonework, and sandblasting. The disease leads to symptoms such as coughing, inflammation, and fibrosis (scarring) and is classified under pneumoconioses, a group of lung conditions caused by inhaling dust. Silicosis can be chronic, developing over more than 10 years of exposure; subacute, occurring in two to five years with heavier exposure; or acute, which can happen within months of intense exposure. Although silicosis is irreversible and has no cure, treatments are available to manage symptoms.

Jamie Holmes-Ward was born with a rare condition known as V.A.T.E.R Syndrome.  The Cleveland Clinic says: VATER syndrome, also known as VACTERL association, is a complex condition that affects several parts of the body. VATER (VACTERL) is an acronym that stands for the affected parts of the body including the vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidney and limbs. Treatment is symptomatic and unique for each person diagnosed with the condition.  Jamie is here to tell her story of overcoming obstacles with grace and creating a nonprofit to help children lift their spirits as they deal serious medical conditions.  Jamie is a dynamo of energy and strength turning an otherwise bleak world into one with rainbows, fairy princesses and smiles.  We hope you will help her reach even more children through donations to her 501(c)(3)  

  This week we discuss bullying with our guest Chelsey Peat.  Chelsey is an advocate for those with facial differences due to Sturge Weber Syndrome.   A person that looks different is a prime target for bullies.  Bullying is often seen as a schoolyard issue, but its impact on mental health extends into adulthood. Bullied children face increased risks of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, with effects that can last a lifetime. Impact of Bullying Bullying occurs when a child uses physical or social power to hurt another. In the short term, it can cause anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, sleep issues, and suicidal thoughts. Long-term, bullying victims are at higher risk for anxiety disorders, depression, loneliness, and school avoidance. Bullies themselves may develop antisocial behaviors, and those who both bully and are bullied are at the highest risk for mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Responding to Bullying Bullying can be physical, verbal, social, or virtual. Adults may not always witness it, but they can often see its effects, like a child avoiding school or friends. If you suspect bullying, don't wait—talk to the child. Ask about their experiences and explore ways to help them feel safe. Encourage positive coping strategies, whether it's standing up for themselves or finding a trusted friend. Bullying Prevention Strategies Schools are required to have anti-bullying programs, yet many children still experience bullying. Punishment-based approaches are ineffective. Instead, fostering positive school environments and teaching social-emotional skills can help reduce bullying. Open communication at home is key; children need to know they can talk to trusted adults when they need help. Conclusion By supporting children emotionally, adults can help prevent bullying and its long-lasting effects on mental health.

This week we will discuss the most common type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – the hypermobile type (hEDS, formerly also described as EDS type III or joint hypermobility syndrome), this is the type that most commonly presents to gastroenterology services.   ​ As connective tissue is present throughout the body, many different structures around the body including the digestive tract can be affected by EDS. Connective tissue is present in the digestive tract and is essential to the passive mechanical movements needed to complete digestion. It has been suggested that any abnormalities in the connective tissues in the digestive tract are likely to alter the way in which it moves, which could contribute to the range of symptoms experienced by people with hEDS. Connective tissue is also present around the nerves of the digestive tract and abnormalities of this can potentially make the gut more sensitive. It is important to remember that whilst differences in the digestive tract function are likely to be present in hEDS, as yet diagnostic biomarkers have not been identified and more research is needed to better understand the nature and impact of connective tissue within the digestive system, particularly in the other subtypes of EDS. ​ The digestive tract starts at the mouth, and ends at the anus. Many aspects of the digestive tract can potentially be affected, including both the upper digestive tract (oesophagus, stomach and duodenum) as well as the lower digestive tract (small intestine, large intestine, colon and rectum). We frequently see patients who mainly have symptoms related to either the upper or the lower digestive tract only, and some research studies have found that a significant proportion of people with hEDS experience some kind of gastrointestinal symptoms. ​ What sort of gut problems can occur? ​ The type, frequency and severity of digestive symptoms can vary greatly from person to person as everyone with hEDS is different. The most frequently reported problems affecting the upper digestive tract are acid reflux and chronic/recurrent indigestion with pain or discomfort and early fullness after meals. The lower digestive tract can present problems such as constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea and a feeling of general abdominal discomfort.  Nausea and vomiting can occur alongside any of the symptoms described above.   Delayed gastric emptying / dysmotility The term dysmotility is often used to describe abnormal movements (e.g. sluggish movements or spasm) of the gut. Some hEDS sufferers can have a sluggish stomach, which means that there is a delay in the emptying of stomach contents into the small bowel, and this is often referred to as delayed gastric emptying. Delayed gastric emptying can range in severity from mild to severe, with the most severe form called gastroparesis (paresis = paralysis). A portion of hEDS sufferers do have delayed gastric emptying, however only a few will be severe enough to be diagnosed with gastroparesis. Patients with a lot of bloating and/or fullness after meals or nausea and vomiting can be tested for delayed gastric emptying, but it is important to note that so far a link between hEDS and gastroparesis has not been categorically established. ​ In other patients increased sensitivity of the stomach may be a more common problem. Both dysmotility and increased sensitivity of the stomach can be associated with symptoms such as acid or bile reflux, bloating, early fullness during meals/extended fullness after meals and nausea.   Heartburn / reflux There is some preliminary research that suggests that people with hEDS are slightly more likely to have a small hiatus hernia at the lower end of the oesophagus. This means that the upper end of the stomach slips into the chest cavity through a small hole (hiatus) in the diaphragm (the large muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity). This is quite a common finding and is usually not dangerous, but it can mean that the muscle that closes to stop food or liquid contents of the stomach from escaping back up into the oesophagus is somewhat inefficient, resulting in the acid reflux and/or heartburn symptoms, and this is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD or GORD). However, it is also possible to experience reflux and/or heartburn symptoms without having a hiatus hernia. These symptoms can be associated with dysmotility, increased sensitivity of the oesophagus, or be experienced in isolation with none of these underlying causes.   Bloating Abdominal bloating is a common symptom in people with hEDS, and although the underlying causes are not fully understood, it is thought that dysmotility may be a contributing factor. Overgrowth of bacteria of the small bowel can occur if there is stagnation within the bowel (i.e. constipation) and this can lead to excessive fermentation of food leading to production of gas, which can also be associated with bloating. A link between hEDS and bacterial overgrowth has not been categorically established and further research is required.   Constipation Chronic constipation in adults is a common and debilitating problem and it is estimated that around 12 to 19% of the general population experience this, with females and the older population being more prone. Constipation is also common in patients with EDS and it is thought that a sluggish colon and difficulty with evacuation of the bowel are key causes. However there are often many factors inter-linked which can contribute to constipation such as diet, metabolic (hormone) or neurological (nerve) conditions, side effects of prescription medications, particularly opioid-based painkillers, or physical disorders such as prolapse of the bowel. ​ Rectal and genital prolapse are recognised as potential problems for some people with hEDS, and can be a factor contributing to constipation. Prolapse of the rectum means that the lining (mucosa) of the rectum (called a partial prolapse) or the entire rectal wall (called a complete prolapse) protrudes into the rectum, which interferes with the ability for a stool to be passed. Prolapses of the rectum usually occur during bowel movements, and then recede, but more advanced rectal prolapses can occur upon standing as well. However, in most cases prolapses tend to be small and do not require any active interventions. If a significant prolapse is diagnosed upon testing, and it is thought to be contributing to your gastrointestinal problems, your physician will refer you to a surgeon.   Functional gastrointestinal disorders Sometimes people with hEDS who have symptoms such as reflux, heartburn, constipation or nausea may not have an identifiable cause of their symptoms on any medical testing and these patients are then given a diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). Patients who have symptoms with no underlying cause found account for more than a third of new referrals to gastrointestinal specialists, and so this is a common occurrence. A preliminary study amongst patients who were referred to a specialist because no cause of their symptoms could be found, demonstrated that over a third of those patients met the criteria for joint hypermobility and many of them had previously received a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia. IBS is the most common example of a FGID, and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and frequent changes in bowel habits. Functional dyspepsia is another type of FGID and relates to symptoms of upper abdominal pain, fullness, nausea and bloating, frequently following meals. (Credits: Ehlers Danlos . Org)

This week we will discuss the most common type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – the hypermobile type (hEDS, formerly also described as EDS type III or joint hypermobility syndrome), this is the type that most commonly presents to gastroenterology services.   ​ As connective tissue is present throughout the body, many different structures around the body including the digestive tract can be affected by EDS. Connective tissue is present in the digestive tract and is essential to the passive mechanical movements needed to complete digestion. It has been suggested that any abnormalities in the connective tissues in the digestive tract are likely to alter the way in which it moves, which could contribute to the range of symptoms experienced by people with hEDS. Connective tissue is also present around the nerves of the digestive tract and abnormalities of this can potentially make the gut more sensitive. It is important to remember that whilst differences in the digestive tract function are likely to be present in hEDS, as yet diagnostic biomarkers have not been identified and more research is needed to better understand the nature and impact of connective tissue within the digestive system, particularly in the other subtypes of EDS. ​ The digestive tract starts at the mouth, and ends at the anus. Many aspects of the digestive tract can potentially be affected, including both the upper digestive tract (oesophagus, stomach and duodenum) as well as the lower digestive tract (small intestine, large intestine, colon and rectum). We frequently see patients who mainly have symptoms related to either the upper or the lower digestive tract only, and some research studies have found that a significant proportion of people with hEDS experience some kind of gastrointestinal symptoms. ​ What sort of gut problems can occur? ​ The type, frequency and severity of digestive symptoms can vary greatly from person to person as everyone with hEDS is different. The most frequently reported problems affecting the upper digestive tract are acid reflux and chronic/recurrent indigestion with pain or discomfort and early fullness after meals. The lower digestive tract can present problems such as constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea and a feeling of general abdominal discomfort.  Nausea and vomiting can occur alongside any of the symptoms described above.   Delayed gastric emptying / dysmotility The term dysmotility is often used to describe abnormal movements (e.g. sluggish movements or spasm) of the gut. Some hEDS sufferers can have a sluggish stomach, which means that there is a delay in the emptying of stomach contents into the small bowel, and this is often referred to as delayed gastric emptying. Delayed gastric emptying can range in severity from mild to severe, with the most severe form called gastroparesis (paresis = paralysis). A portion of hEDS sufferers do have delayed gastric emptying, however only a few will be severe enough to be diagnosed with gastroparesis. Patients with a lot of bloating and/or fullness after meals or nausea and vomiting can be tested for delayed gastric emptying, but it is important to note that so far a link between hEDS and gastroparesis has not been categorically established. ​ In other patients increased sensitivity of the stomach may be a more common problem. Both dysmotility and increased sensitivity of the stomach can be associated with symptoms such as acid or bile reflux, bloating, early fullness during meals/extended fullness after meals and nausea.   Heartburn / reflux There is some preliminary research that suggests that people with hEDS are slightly more likely to have a small hiatus hernia at the lower end of the oesophagus. This means that the upper end of the stomach slips into the chest cavity through a small hole (hiatus) in the diaphragm (the large muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity). This is quite a common finding and is usually not dangerous, but it can mean that the muscle that closes to stop food or liquid contents of the stomach from escaping back up into the oesophagus is somewhat inefficient, resulting in the acid reflux and/or heartburn symptoms, and this is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD or GORD). However, it is also possible to experience reflux and/or heartburn symptoms without having a hiatus hernia. These symptoms can be associated with dysmotility, increased sensitivity of the oesophagus, or be experienced in isolation with none of these underlying causes.   Bloating Abdominal bloating is a common symptom in people with hEDS, and although the underlying causes are not fully understood, it is thought that dysmotility may be a contributing factor. Overgrowth of bacteria of the small bowel can occur if there is stagnation within the bowel (i.e. constipation) and this can lead to excessive fermentation of food leading to production of gas, which can also be associated with bloating. A link between hEDS and bacterial overgrowth has not been categorically established and further research is required.   Constipation Chronic constipation in adults is a common and debilitating problem and it is estimated that around 12 to 19% of the general population experience this, with females and the older population being more prone. Constipation is also common in patients with EDS and it is thought that a sluggish colon and difficulty with evacuation of the bowel are key causes. However there are often many factors inter-linked which can contribute to constipation such as diet, metabolic (hormone) or neurological (nerve) conditions, side effects of prescription medications, particularly opioid-based painkillers, or physical disorders such as prolapse of the bowel. ​ Rectal and genital prolapse are recognised as potential problems for some people with hEDS, and can be a factor contributing to constipation. Prolapse of the rectum means that the lining (mucosa) of the rectum (called a partial prolapse) or the entire rectal wall (called a complete prolapse) protrudes into the rectum, which interferes with the ability for a stool to be passed. Prolapses of the rectum usually occur during bowel movements, and then recede, but more advanced rectal prolapses can occur upon standing as well. However, in most cases prolapses tend to be small and do not require any active interventions. If a significant prolapse is diagnosed upon testing, and it is thought to be contributing to your gastrointestinal problems, your physician will refer you to a surgeon.   Functional gastrointestinal disorders Sometimes people with hEDS who have symptoms such as reflux, heartburn, constipation or nausea may not have an identifiable cause of their symptoms on any medical testing and these patients are then given a diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). Patients who have symptoms with no underlying cause found account for more than a third of new referrals to gastrointestinal specialists, and so this is a common occurrence. A preliminary study amongst patients who were referred to a specialist because no cause of their symptoms could be found, demonstrated that over a third of those patients met the criteria for joint hypermobility and many of them had previously received a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia. IBS is the most common example of a FGID, and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and frequent changes in bowel habits. Functional dyspepsia is another type of FGID and relates to symptoms of upper abdominal pain, fullness, nausea and bloating, frequently following meals. (Credits: Ehlers Danlos . Org)

This week we will discuss the use of Ketamine for treating Depression.  Our guest for this week's show is Karen DeCocker, DNP, PMHNP, CNM Karen DeCocker is the Director of Advanced Practice Providers at Stella overseeing the assessment team. She helps to identify which innovative biological medical treatments & virtual therapies can help relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD & traumatic brain injury.  After completing a virtual assessment of each patient, Dr. DeCocker and her team analyze the medical, biological, psychological & social factors to provide personalized treatment recommendations across Stella's advanced protocols such as Dual Sympathetic Reset (advanced stellate ganglion block), Ketamine Infusion Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Spravato, integration therapy, and more. Dr. DeCocker's priority is the patient's outcome. She became a nurse practitioner in 2007 after 10 years of hospital nursing experience. As rates of depression and anxiety have increased dramatically, people have sought therapies outside the standard regimen of oral antidepressants and talk therapy. Beginning in the mid-2010s, more and more doctors started offering ketamine as a treatment for depression. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved esketamine as a treatment for forms of depression that haven't improved with standard antidepressants (like citalopram/Celexa or bupropion/Wellbutrin).   (Source: Psychology Today) 

On this week's show we are speaking once again with Kristine Hoestermann, the founder of "FindYourRare" and she will be explaining how difficult it has been to get a diagnosis for Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and where that diagnosis took her (Brittle Cornea Syndrome & the BRCA Gene for Breast Cancer are the latest two)  During our discussion I mentioned how I picture complex diagnoses as being like an over-spooled fishing reel, you don't know where to start to unravel the different aspects of the condition, but you know it's all connected! ​ ​ ​Heeeeere's Kristine! Allow me to introduce myself

Your gut microbiome is like a microscopic ecosystem within your body, housing trillions of microorganisms that interact with each other and their environment in various ways. These microbes also have a significant impact on your overall health, influencing both your digestive system and other bodily functions. ​ A biome is a distinct ecosystem defined by its environment and inhabitants. Your gut, specifically within your intestines, is a miniature biome teeming with trillions of microscopic organisms. This diverse community includes over a thousand species of bacteria, along with viruses, fungi, and parasites. ​ Your gut microbiome is uniquely yours. Initially, infants acquire their first gut microbes through vaginal delivery or breastfeeding (chestfeeding). As you grow, your diet and other environmental factors introduce new microbes to your biome, though some exposures may also harm and reduce your gut microbiota. ​ Most of the microorganisms in your gut have a symbiotic relationship with you, meaning you both benefit from the interaction. You provide them with food and shelter, while they offer essential services for your body, including keeping potentially harmful microbes in check. ​Think of your gut microbiome as a thriving, diverse garden that you rely on for nutrients and natural medicine. When this garden is healthy and flourishing, so are you. But if the soil becomes depleted, polluted, or overrun by pests or weeds, your entire ecosystem can become unbalanced. ​Your gut microbiome interacts with many of your body systems, playing such an active role that some healthcare providers consider it almost like an organ. While some of these interactions are well understood, others are still being explored. ​Digestive System Bacteria in your gut help break down complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers that your body can't digest on its own. They produce short-chain fatty acids as byproducts, which are essential nutrients that help maintain a healthy gut environment. These bacteria also synthesize important vitamins like B1, B9, B12, and K, which are vital for your overall health. ​Gut bacteria also assist in metabolizing bile in your intestines. After your liver sends bile to your small intestine to help digest fats, bacteria break it down so that bile acids can be reabsorbed and recycled by your liver. This process, known as enterohepatic circulation, is crucial for efficient digestion and cholesterol management.   Immune System Beneficial gut microbes help train your immune system to distinguish between helpful and harmful microorganisms. Your gut, which contains up to 80% of your body's immune cells, plays a key role in clearing out pathogens that pass through daily. Helpful gut bacteria also compete with harmful types for space and nutrients, preventing infections like C. difficile and H. pylori that can result from a weakened gut microbiome. Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria are beneficial for your immune system, helping maintain the gut barrier and preventing harmful bacteria and toxins from entering your bloodstream. They also possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are crucial for preventing chronic inflammation and related conditions like autoimmune diseases and cancer. ​Nervous System Gut microbes influence your nervous system through the gut-brain axis—a network of nerves, neurons, and neurotransmitters that connects your gut and brain. Certain bacteria produce or stimulate the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin, which send chemical signals to your brain. Researchers are studying how these interactions might impact neurological, behavioral, pain, and mood disorders. Endocrine System Gut microbes also interact with endocrine cells in your gut lining, making your gut the largest endocrine system organ in your body. These cells secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, including blood sugar, hunger, and satiety. Researchers are investigating the role of gut microbiota in metabolic conditions like obesity, insulin resistance, and Type 2 diabetes. ​Your "gut" typically refers to your gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with most people associating it with the intestines. While some gut microbiota are present in your stomach and small intestine, the majority reside in your large intestine (colon). These anaerobic bacteria thrive in the low-oxygen environment of the colon, performing essential functions like breaking down indigestible fibers and producing nutrients. ​However, if these bacteria stray beyond the colon, they can be harmful. For example, colon bacteria that enter the small intestine can disrupt digestion, and those that invade the colon wall or escape through a wound can cause infections in your body. ​ ​  

This week we will discuss Sturge-Weber syndrome with a wonderful woman we had the pleasure of meeting previously in Season 8 E 20. Chelsey Peat was born with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a rare condition that led to multiple surgeries, including a life-saving brain surgery as an infant. Despite doctors predicting significant limitations, Chelsey has defied these expectations throughout her life. She graduated from high school and college, and she is currently pursuing a degree in sociology alongside a certificate in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. With nearly 40 years of personal experience living with a facial difference, Chelsey has faced and overcome numerous challenges, including discrimination and stigmatization. Her deep understanding of these issues is reflected in her work with various organizations where she educates and advocates for individuals with facial disfigurements, differences, and disabilities. ​Chelsey's debut publication, "Two Sides of a Face," offers an inspirational narrative of her life. This memoir details her journey from childhood, marked by curiosity and challenges due to her condition, to her current achievements and advocacy work within the facial differences community. The book explores themes of self-acceptance, self-love, and resilience, highlighting pivotal moments that shaped her identity and empowered her to embrace her imperfections. Through personal anecdotes and her role as a mentor and public speaker, Chelsey's story in "Two Sides of a Face" is not just about overcoming a facial difference, but about transforming adversity into advocacy. Her journey serves as a beacon of hope, encouraging deeper understanding and acceptance for all who feel marginalized due to their physical appearance. Chelsey Peat  Sturge Weber Syndrome Advocate | Author | Mentor   

Paris Scobie is a Mental Health Speaker, Host of the top 1% globally ranked podcast, Live Well Bipolar, & Best-Selling Author of her memoir, Crooked Illness: Lessons From Inside & Outside Hospital Walls. Paris launched Live Well Bipolar to use her lived experience to help others overcome the shame, fear and isolation that can so often accompany living with bipolar. She shares how she went from being a patient struggling from inside the walls of a psychiatric hospital newly diagnosed with bipolar to returning to work at this same hospital years later. This unique perspective has allowed Paris to share her experiences on what truly made a difference for her to help others. Paris works to illustrate how everything she told herself she could never have or be is everything she has become today.    Stay connected with Paris and learn more about her work here: parisscobie.com

Today, we have the honor of speaking once again with Sheila Ames, a registered nurse in Northern California who has been diagnosed with a rare type of a primary immunodeficiency known as common variable immunodeficiency or CVID for short. How did she fare during the recent Pandemic?  Tune in now to find out! At the time of her diagnosis she was working as an ICU nurse and her first doctors order was: no more exposure to infectious patients.  This diagnosis not only changed her career dramatically, it led her to following her life's purpose in opening her own health & wellness online coaching business to help others continue to find and work towards their life's purpose despite the hurdles that life gives us. ​Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune deficiency disease characterized by low levels of protective antibodies and an increased risk of infections. Although the disease usually is diagnosed in adults, it also can occur in children. CVID also is known as hypogammaglobulinemia, adult-onset agammaglobulinemia, late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, and acquired agammaglobulinemia. NIAID supports research to determine genetic causes of CVID that may lead to therapeutic approaches to address the disease. Researchers also are exploring how antibody-based drugs may lessen the severity of the condition. ​Causes CVID is caused by a variety of different genetic abnormalities that result in a defect in the capability of immune cells to produce normal amounts of all types of antibodies. Only a few of these defects have been identified, and the cause of most cases of CVID is unknown. Many people with CVID carry a DNA variation called a polymorphism in a gene known as TACI. However, while this genetic abnormality confers increased risk of developing CVID, it alone is not capable of causing CVID. CVID is also linked to IgA deficiency, a related condition in which only the level of the antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) is low, while levels of other antibody types are usually normal or near normal. IgA deficiency typically occurs alone, but in some cases it may precede the development of CVID or occur in family members of CVID patients. ​Symptoms & Diagnosis People with CVID may experience frequent bacterial and viral infections of the upper airway, sinuses, and lungs. Acute lung infections can cause pneumonia, and long-term lung infections may cause a chronic form of bronchitis known as bronchiectasis, which is characterized by thickened airway walls colonized by bacteria.   People with CVID also may have diarrhea, problems absorbing food nutrients, reduced liver function, and impaired blood flow to the liver. Autoimmune problems that cause reduced levels of blood cells or platelets also may occur. People with CVID may develop an enlarged spleen and swollen glands or lymph nodes, as well as painful swollen joints in the knee, ankle, elbow, or wrist. In addition, people with CVID may have an increased risk of developing some cancers. Doctors can diagnose CVID by weighing factors including infection history, digestive symptoms, lab tests showing very low immunoglobulin levels, and low antibody responses to immunization. ​Treatment CVID is treated with intravenous immunoglobulin infusions or subcutaneous (under the skin) immunoglobulin injection to partially restore immunoglobulin levels. The immunoglobulin given by either method provides antibodies from the blood of healthy donors. The frequent bacterial infections experienced by people with CVID are treated with antibiotics. Other problems caused by CVID may require additional, tailored treatments. To learn more about CVID, visit the National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference CVID site  (Credits to NIH) ​ If you would like to reach out to our guest: Sheila Ames BSN, RN, PHN Holistic Health Coach Business FB page:  https://www.facebook.com/JourneyIntoWellness1 ​PID (primary immunodeficiency) group:  https://www.facebook.com/groups/journeyintowellnesspid ​Instagram:  @journeyintowellnesscoaching My website:  journeyintowellness.net

Ticks & Lyme Disease is the topic of the week!  Our guest is Dr. Myriah Hinchey, a Naturopathic physician and Fellow of the Medical Academy of Pediatric Special Needs (MAPS), is a recognized expert in the field of Lyme disease and other complex chronic inflammatory conditions, with over 17 years of specialized experience. As a physician and the Medical Director at TAO, an integrative center for healing, she has successfully guided thousands of patients towards recovery from their complex chronic inflammatory conditions. Additionally, she is the founder and owner of LymeCore Botanicals, a herbal medicine company focused on providing effective solutions for healing vector-borne diseases. Dr. Hinchey is dedicated to treating patients of all ages, with a specialty in pediatrics, and is also a sought-after speaker, passionately educating healthcare professionals on the pathophysiology of vector-borne diseases and how to successfully integrate functional, herbal, and lifestyle medicine into their practices. 

Squeeze a world of passion, goal driven problem solver and an adventurous triathlete into 5 feet of fun and you get Faith Louise Cooper. Faith Louise grew up in a family of 5 with 2 younger sisters.  At the 12 she was diagnosed with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, now known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.  In 2017 she was diagnosed with hypermobility syndrome and was recently changed to Hypermobility Ehlers Danlos Syndrome abbreviated as hEDS.  Her younger sister also battles with hEDS on a daily basis.   Faith Louise joined the swim team in middle school to help manage the arthritis.  She lives an enriching life and despite what the medical research says she has gone from being in excreting pain when standing for 15 mins to completing a half Ironman a few years back.  Faith Louise has great joy and strength in life because of challenges she has faced. Faith Louise, wanting to have all the tools in her tool box to live an enriching life has decided to study nutrition and is completing her certified holistic nutrition.  She has passion for equipping, educating and inspiring other families going through the same thing as well as raising awareness. ​​In this episode she discusses the difficulties during COVID with hEDS.​ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cooperfa/. Faith Louise Cooper Instrgram: https://www.instagram.com/speakingoftri/. Speakingoftri LinkIn:  www.linkedin.com/in/faith-cooper Faith Louise Cooper  

This week we are discussing bullying amongst young children.   CDC defines bullying as any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths, who are not siblings, that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance, and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated. Bullying may inflict harm or distress on the targeted youth including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm. Common types of bullying include: Physical such as hitting, kicking, and tripping. Verbal including name-calling and teasing. Relational or social such as spreading rumors and leaving out of the group. Damage to victim's property. Bullying can also occur through technology, which is called electronic bullying or cyberbullying. A young person can be a perpetrator, a victim, or both (also known as "bully/victim"). (credits: CDC)   We would like to take a moment to thank the judges at The National Health Information Awards Organization for granting us the Bronze Medal for Media/Publishing for 2024!

Heavy metal poisoning (toxicity) is the result of exposure to heavy metals like lead, mercury and arsenic. Heavy metals bind to parts of your cells that prevent your organs from doing their job. Symptoms of heavy metal poisoning can be life threatening and they can cause irreversible damage. ​Heavy metal poisoning occurs when microscopic molecules of metals accumulate within your body after exposure. Heavy metals attach to your cells and prevent them from performing their functions, which causes symptoms that could be life threatening without treatment. ​ What metals cause heavy metal poisoning (toxicity)? Several metals can be toxic to your body. The most common toxic metals are: Lead. Contaminated water from lead pipes, batteries, paint, gasoline, construction materials. Mercury. Liquid in thermometers, lightbulbs, dental amalgam (“silver”) fillings, batteries, seafood, topical antiseptics. Arsenic. Topical creams, herbicides, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides, paints, enamels, glass, contaminated water, seafood, algae. Cadmium. Cigarette smoke, metal plating, batteries. Thallium. Rodenticides, pesticides, fireworks. ​ How does someone get heavy metal poisoning? You can get heavy metal poisoning by exposing yourself to heavy metals. Heavy metals form naturally within the Earth's crust. We interact with small amounts of heavy metals every day, like when you check the temperature of your thermometer, which uses mercury. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when metals get into your body. This can happen if you're exposed to a large amount of metal including: Eating a lot of food that contains metals (fish). Drinking water from older water supply systems. Working with metals on the job. Taking medications or supplements with high amounts of metallic elements. Handling metals or products made with a large amount of metal (like paint or pesticides) without using personal protective equipment. Most metals that cause poisoning are in a microscopic (molecular) form when they enter your body. They are so small, you won't be able to see them. Heavy metals can enter your body by: Absorbing into your skin. Breathing in or inhaling tiny metal molecules. Eating or drinking (ingesting) the metal from food or water. ​ Who does heavy metal poisoning affect? Heavy metal poisoning can affect anyone who has exposure to heavy metals. This most often affects people who: Drink water from pipes made of older metals (lead). Work with metals. Take more than the prescribed dosage of medicine or supplements that contain metal. Live in an environment with high air or water pollution. Eat a lot of foods that contain metal. Consume a non-edible product made with metal (paint). Children are at a higher risk of heavy metal poisoning because their bodies are still developing and they are more sensitive to the harmful effects of heavy metals. ​ How common is heavy metal poisoning? The exact rate of occurrence is unknown, but in the United States, heavy metal poisoning is rare since it only affects people who have exposure to heavy metals. The number of people diagnosed with heavy metal poisoning decreased significantly over the last 20 years because of awareness and preventative measures to remove heavy metals from homes. ​ What does heavy metal poisoning do to my body? Exposure to heavy metals can be dangerous to your health. While we use and interact with metals every day, certain heavy metals are toxic because the molecules that make up the metal damage or negatively interact with the cells in your body that are essential to keep your organs functioning. Your body has small amounts of metals in it already, like iron, copper and zinc. These metals are important to keep your organs functioning. If you have too much metal accumulated within your body, it can damage your vital organs like your brain and liver. (credits: Cleveland Clinic)

Your immune system is your body's main defense against germs and illnesses. When you have lupus, you're more prone to infections because your immune system works differently than most people's. It becomes overactive and attacks your body itself. ​ Our guest on today's show is another repeat guest, Amber Blackburn. Amber is a Registered Nurse turned blogger and patient advocate for those with chronic illnesses.  She deals with Hemiplegic Migraines and Lupus and unfortunately she caught COVID at the very start of the Pandemic. 

This week we will discuss kidney dialysis with Christina & Michael.  Christina and Michael Gilchrist have quickly become known as "BLIND CHICK LIVING" & "THE CARETAKER" but who could forget Christina's service dog MOOSE!    Christina story: early teens kidney disease diagnosed, early 20's pregnant, doctor missed toxemia, seizures which caused retina and optic nerve imploded causing blindness in total kidney failure, oldest brother donated kidney, unfortunately rejected, asked if she could do home dialysis "NO!! YOU ARE BLIND", in center dialysis 5+yrs plus a young single mother, cadaveric kidney donated, start LIVING and having fun that is where Michael slid into Christina's DM's!!, started rejecting again, INSISTED on doing Peritoneal Dialysis and would not take no for an answer, kept LIVING on PD doing dialysis all over from dry camping with solar panels even got married and did PD on honeymoon and YES! on the back of a motorcycle!!, PD stopped working started home hemo with Michaels help, Michael felt he needed support and not being able to find a support group that fit his needs he started his own.  That was the start of LIVING on dialysis!!  We have traveled all over the country advocating for dialysis and sharing how we are LIVING!!