Podcasts about Bern

Welcome back to the Working Perspectives Podcast! In today's episode, Matt Lavelle, Bern Podcasy, and Liam Reese are tackling the final stretch of the NFL regular season. It's been a wild ride, and the emotions are running high as we head into the last week of play!

Stéphane Bern raconte une drôle de dame, une sculptrice française qui a révolutionné le divertissement en créant un cabinet de curiosités en cire… grâce à la Révolution Française notamment. Ou la véritable histoire de Madame Tussaud, la dame de cire…Comment cette femme originaire d'Alsace a-t-elle bâti un empire outre-Manche ? A quand remonte la tradition des statues de cire ? Pourquoi les musées de cire sont-ils extrêmement populaires ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Pascale Martinez, historienne, spécialiste du rapport entre les arts et la culture populaire, et Eric Saint-Chaffray, sculpteur de cire. (rediffusion) - Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Tony Liégois- Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Dernière duchesse souveraine de Bretagne et reine de France à deux reprises, Anne de Bretagne incarne le destin exceptionnel d'une femme de pouvoir à la croisée des royaumes. Épouse de Charles VIII, puis de Louis XII, elle lutte sans relâche pour préserver l'indépendance bretonne face à la puissance française. Diplomate habile, mécène éclairée et stratège politique, elle impose sa marque dans un monde dominé par les hommes. Entre devoir royal et attachement à ses racines, son règne symbolise l'alliance entre force et résilience, laissant un héritage impérissable. "Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Vanessa Pontet.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marine Boudalier Montage : Camille Legras Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Anne de Bretagne apparaît comme la première reine mécène de l'histoire de France. Elle soutient des écrivains, elle appuie et commande des oeuvres d'art à des artistes pour célébrer sa personne, son lignage et le royaume, ainsi que sa dignité de souveraine. "Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Vanessa Pontet.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy LebourgMontage : Camille Legras Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Après son mariage avec le nouveau roi de France, Anne de Bretagne revient vivre à Amboise avec Louis XII."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Vanessa Pontet.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy LebourgMontage : Camille Legras Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Bern einfach Spezial zur Weltlage: Die Redaktion des Nebelspalters spricht mit ausgewählten Gästen aus Politik, Journalismus und Wissenschaft über die entscheidenden Fragen der internationalen Politik. In dieser Folge spricht Bundeshausredaktor Kaspar Schwarzenbach mit SVP-Nationalrätin Monika Rüegger über ihre aussenpolitischen Schwerpunkte im neuen Jahr: Zollstreit, Neutralität, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Zuwanderung.

Stéphane Bern raconte un château du 18e siècle pas tout à fait comme les autres, un lieu peuplé de rois… du rock ! Ou la véritable histoire de Hérouville, le château rock'n'roll.Comment ce château abandonné du 18e siècle dans le Val d'Oise est-il devenu le plus mythique des studios des années 1970 ? Quels artistes de légende s'y sont succédé ? Quelle époque révolue l'histoire de ce studio nous raconte-t-elle ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Laurent Jaoui, journaliste et auteur de "Hérouville, le château hanté du rock" (Castor Astral) et Joe Hume, animateur et chroniqueur musical sur Europe 1. (rediffusion) - Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Jean-Christophe Piot- Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Als der SP-Politiker Simon Stocker im November 2023 für Schaffhausen in den Ständerat gewählt wurde, war das eine kleine Sensation. Er gewann gegen den parteilosen Thomas Minder, den bekannten Kopf hinter der «Abzocker-Initiative». Seinen Sieg und das neue Amt konnte er aber nicht lange auskosten. Ein halbes Jahr später gab es eine Anzeige gegen ihn. Der Vorwurf: Er habe während des Wahlkampfes nicht in Schaffhausen, sondern in Zürich gewohnt. Ein Jahr lang hat die Schweiz öffentlich über das Privatleben von Simon Stocker und seiner Frau verhandelt. Wer schläft wo? Wo geht der Sohn in den Kindergarten? Und dürfen wir das überhaupt wissen? Das Bundesgericht entschied schliesslich: Ja, wir dürfen. Und nein, er darf nicht. Simon Stocker wurde im Frühling 2025 sein Mandat entzogen. Von einem Tag auf den anderen. Zwar hat er sich im Sommer der Neuwahl gestellt. Er verlor sie aber gegen den Kandidaten der FDP.Wie geht man als Politiker und als Mensch mit so einer Niederlage um? Und wie oft denkt er noch an Bern? Darüber spricht Alt-Ständerat Simon Stocker mit «Apropos»-Host Philipp Loser und Inlandredaktorin Anja Burri. Und er erzählt, welche persönlichen Folgen die politische Niederlage mit sich brachte.Produzentin: Sara SpreiterHier geht es zum schriftlichen Interview: «Unser Familiensystem war schon immer anspruchsvoll – doch dann hinterfragte es noch die halbe Schweiz» Unser Tagi-Spezialangebot für Podcast-Hörer:innen: tagiabo.chHabt ihr Feedback, Ideen oder Kritik zu «Apropos»? Schreibt uns an podcasts@tamedia.ch Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano continues the study of Revelation Chapter 13, moving past the overview of the two beasts—the Antichrist (the first, political beast from the sea) and the False Prophet (the second, religious beast from the earth)—to focus on the identity and ministry of the Antichrist. The Antichrist is a man who achieves political power, then receives a fatal wound that is miraculously healed, which most scholars believe is a counterfeit resurrection where Satan incarnates his dead body. This miracle causes the world, including the Jewish people, to accept him as the long-awaited Messiah. However, at the midpoint of the Tribulation, the now-Satan-incarnated Antichrist changes personality, desecrates the Temple, and begins his reign of terror for 42 months (the final 3 1/2 years). This Beast from the Sea is equated with the Fourth Beast of Danieland its physical characteristics—an amalgam of the previous empires (lion/Babylon, leopard/Greece, bear/Medo-Persia, iron teeth/Rome)—suggest a mixed cultural heritage (Greek/Assyrian/Jewish) that makes him appealing to all groups.Zumpano then explores the Antichrist's various titles from the Old and New Testaments (Little Horn, King of Fierce Countenance, Man of Lawlessness, Son of Perdition, and The Beast). His ministry, drawn from Daniel and 2 Thessalonians 2, is one of deception and lawlessness: he will speak arrogant words, blaspheme God, make war with the saints, and use his shrewdness to succeed. Zumpano dedicates significant discussion to the controversial scholarly theory that the Antichrist might be Judas Iscariot resurrected, citing the fact that both are called the "Son of Perdition" in scripture. This theory is supported by the idea that the Antichrist represents the "mystery of iniquity" (the opposite of Christ, the "mystery of godliness") and that the "beast that comes up out of the abyss" in Revelation 11:7 may be a reference to Judas returning from the place of the dead. Regardless of this specific theory, all these biblical references are meant to clearly identify the Antichrist as one and the same person, whose ultimate purpose is to deceive the world and enforce the mark of the beast (666) for economic control.

Pour finir l'année en beauté, pirates, prophètes, explorateurs, artistes et saints se croisent dans cette semaine spéciale d'Au Cœur de l'Histoire version fêtes.De Zarafa la girafe à Houdini le roi des évasions, de la naissance du Père Noël à l'art de la table de François Vatel, du mystère de l'expédition Lapérouse à la route de la soie, embarquez pour deux semaines spéciales où l'Histoire se pare de magie, de mystères et d'émotions !Stéphane Bern raconte une drôle de dame qui a donné à l'astrologie une visibilité et une popularité jamais vues auparavant, et jamais entendue non plus, sur l'antenne Europe1 entre 1970 et 1993. Ou la véritable histoire de Madame Soleil, la star des arts divinatoires…Pourquoi Madame Soleil était-elle si populaire ? Ses prédictions se sont-elles réalisées ? Comment a-t-elle marqué l'histoire d'Europe 1 ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Christian Morin, animateur de "Allo c'est à vous" avec Madame Soleil sur Europe1, de 1984 à 1987. (rediffusion) - Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteure du récit : Charlotte Chaulin- Journaliste : Armelle ThibergeHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Welcome back to the Working Perspectives Podcast! In tonight's episode, Matt, Bern, and Liam are taking "Current Events" to a whole new level of chaos with our signature Guess The News Challenge. The Rules: Each host brings one bizarre, true news story from around the globe. They read the story aloud but intentionally leave out the most crucial details (age, gender, location, or the "WTF" factor). The other two hosts then have only 4 minutes and 3 strikes to guess the missing pieces before the clock runs out! Tonight's Stories: Story 1: A Christmas Spectacular goes off the rails! One host brings a story about a live nativity scene where a performer gets a holiday surprise they didn't ask for. Can the guys guess which animal did the kicking? Story 2: Bern brings the heat with a story about a major nonprofit company that made a catastrophic blunder. This mistake was so big it will change the course of their future forever. Can Matt and Liam name the organization? Story 3: Liam takes us to the land of "Florida Man." A local legend hit up a Walmart and walked out with four of the most unconventional items you could possibly imagine. It's a race against the clock to see if Matt and Bern can identify the stolen goods. Things get loud, guesses get wild, and the clock is always ticking. Play along in the comments and see if you can solve these mysteries before the hosts do! New episodes of Working Perspectives drop every Tuesday and Friday! #WorkingPerspectives #GuessTheNews

(00:45) Die Ausstellung «Gezeichnet» zeigt die besten Pressezeichnungen des Jahres 2025 im Museum für Kommunikation in Bern. Weitere Themen: (05:11) «Abschied von gestern» von Lili Körber - Ein Roman mit dem man viel über Flüchtlingsschicksale lernen kann. (09:27) «Luft zum Leben – Geschichten vom Übergang» sammelt 40 Texte von Helga Schubert aus 65 Jahren. (13:55) Was wäre wenn? Eine Ausstellung im Berner Kornhausforum stellt sich den Fragen zur Zukunft.

In dieser besonderen Silvesterfolge lade ich dich ein, mit mir auf eine lange, ehrliche und chaotisch-charmante Reise durch mein Podcastjahr zu gehen. Von spontanen Blödeleien und absurden Gedankensprüngen bis hin zu tiefen Einblicken in die Welt der Homöopathie und meiner ganz eigenen Praxis – hier ist alles erlaubt, was sonst keinen Platz findet. Ich teile meine Gedanken zu Statistik, Zuhörerzahlen, KI-Experimenten, meiner persönlichen Entwicklung und dem Wandel in der Podcast-Landschaft. Natürlich gibt es auch wieder Leseecken, nerdige Fallanalysen, einen offenen Blick auf Herausforderungen und Erfolge – und jede Menge Dankbarkeit für alle, die diesen Podcast möglich machen. Mach es dir bequem, lass dich inspirieren (oder einfach unterhalten), und feiere mit mir den Abschluss eines bewegten Jahres. Das ist Podcast, wie ich ihn liebe: ehrlich, ungeskriptet und garantiert nicht zu kurz.

Bern einfach Spezial zur Weltlage: Die Redaktion des Nebelspalters spricht mit ausgewählten Gästen aus Politik, Journalismus und Wissenschaft über die entscheidende Frage der internationalen Politik. In dieser Folge spricht Dominik Feusi mit Georg Häsler. Georg Häsler ist seit 2020 Mitglied der NZZ-Redaktion und betreut dort als Militärexperte das Dossier Sicherheitspolitik und Sicherheit. Häsler ist Oberst der Schweizer Armee.

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano introduces Revelation Chapter 13, focusing exclusively on the rise and ministry of the Antichrist (the first beast) and the False Prophet (the second beast), the two powers that will attempt to control the earth. The chapter opens with the first beast—the Antichrist—coming up out of the sea (arising from a nation, likely the Mediterranean region), having ten horns and seven heads, which is supported by the ten-nation confederacy (the European Union/revived Roman Empire). The beast is an amalgam of previous historical empires (lion/Babylonian, bear/Medo-Persian, leopard/Greek) and is explicitly empowered by the Dragon (Satan), confirming that the end-time European political structure is "satanic." This beast receives a fatal wound that is healed (a counterfeit resurrection), causing the whole world to marvel and worship him as the long-awaited Messiah.The second beast, the False Prophet, arises from the earth and is identified as the religious head of the one-world religion. He appears with two horns like a lamb (false spiritual authority) but speaks as a dragon (his message is not the word of God), deceiving the world through great signs, including making fire come down from heaven. His primary ministry is to coerce the world to worship the first beast and to institute the mark of the beast—a consecration to Antichrist on the right hand or forehead—without which no one can buy or sell. Zumpano correlates the ten horns of Revelation 13 with the ten toes of Nebuchadnezzar's statue in Daniel and the ten kings of Revelation 17, explaining that the succession of world empires shown in Daniel moves from "fine metal" (pure) to "iron mixed with clay" (rubble), symbolizing man's self-idolatry that is destined to crumble when Christ, the Stone, returns.

Gabriela Timar hat Sportgeschichte geschrieben. Die Baslerin kürte sich in Bern zur ersten Schweizer Boxweltmeisterin. Im zweiten Teil unseres Jahresrückblicks widmen wir uns sportlichen Höhepunkten wie der Fussball-EM der Frauen oder dem FCB, der den Schweizer Meistertitel und den Cupsieg holte. Ausserdem: · EHC Basel gewinnt gegen Tabellenführer HC Thurgau mit 3:2

Wenn du dir einige der größten Erfolgsgeschichten der Welt anschaust, wirst du darin auch Kapitel voller Scheitern und Entmutigung finden. Dr. Seuss' erstes Kinderbuch wurde von siebenundzwanzig Verlagen abgelehnt. Der achtundzwanzigste Verlag veröffentlichte es und verkaufte schließlich 600 Millionen Exemplare. Dr. Seuss' Beharrlichkeit hat dazu beigetragen, dass Millionen von Kindern lesen lernten. Coca-Cola verkaufte im ersten Geschäftsjahr im Schnitt nur neun Getränke pro Tag. Das Unternehmen hielt durch und ist heute der weltweit führende Anbieter von Erfrischungsgetränken. Henry Ford ging in den ersten drei Jahren seiner Automobilkarriere zweimal bankrott. Doch er gab nicht auf. ‘Ford' wurde das zweitgrößte US-amerikanische und das fünftgrößte Automobilunternehmen weltweit. Im Jahr 1905 lehnte die Schweizer Universität Bern die Doktorarbeit eines gewissen Albert Einstein ab und nannte diese „unbedeutend und fantastisch“. Gab Einstein auf? Nein. Er machte weiter. Und nun stell dir vor: Als erlöstes Kind Gottes hast du einen entscheidenden Vorteil: Gott ist auf deiner Seite! „Gott steht auf meiner Seite (Ps 56,10 ZB).“ Damit verändert sich die Gleichung, und das Blatt wendet sich zu deinen Gunsten. Der Apostel Paulus schreibt: „Wer wird uns scheiden von der Liebe Christi? Bedrängnis oder Angst oder Verfolgung, Hunger oder Entbehrung, Gefahr oder Schwert? …Doch in alldem tragen wir einen überwältigenden Sieg davon durch den, der uns geliebt hat” (Röm 8,35.37 ZB).

Bern einfach Spezial über die Weihnachtsferien: Die Redaktion des Nebelspalters stellt ihre Film- und Serienempfehlungen vor: In dieser Folge mit den Nebelspalterinnen Stephanie Gartenmann und Camille Lothe.

Pour cette émission spéciale, Stéphane Bern s'installe au musée de la Marine au Palais de Chaillot à Paris, pour raconter un événement marquant de l'histoire de la marine, une expédition commandée par Jean-François de La Pérouse sous l'impulsion du roi de France Louis XVI, qui ne reviendra, hélas, jamais. Ou le mystère de la disparition de l'expédition Lapérouse…Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern interroge Vincent Campredon, directeur du musée de la Marine à Paris. (rediffusion) - Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau et Olivier Duval- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Pierre-Vincent Letourneau- Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Merry Christmas and welcome back to the Working Perspectives Podcast! In this episode, Matt Lavelle, Bern Podcasy, and Liam Reese are feeling the holiday spirit—or in Bern's case, the holiday blues. The guys break down a monumental Week 16 and look ahead to the final stretch of the regular season!

Während 78 Jahren, 3 Monaten und 22 Tagen standen sich in Moutier zwei Lager ziemlich unversöhnlich gegenüber. Auf der einen Seite diejenigen, die sich zum Kanton Jura zugehörig fühlten. Auf der anderen Seite diejenigen, die Teil des Kantons Bern bleiben wollten. Der Jura-Konflikt prägte in Moutier Generationen und zog einen tiefen Graben durch die Kleinstadt im Berner Jura.Doch jetzt wird die grosse Veränderung Tatsache: Ab dem 1. Januar 2026 gehört Moutier nicht mehr zum Kanton Bern. Die Gemeinde wechselt in den Kanton Jura . Mit dem Kantonswechsel soll der jahrzehntelange Konflikt zu Ende gehen – nach Strassenschlachten, unzähligen Verhandlungsrunden, annullierten und wiederholten Volksabstimmungen.Was macht diesen Kantonswechsel so einmalig? Warum wollte Moutier überhaupt zum Kanton Jura wechseln? Was ändert sich ab dem neuen Jahr? Und ist das wirklich das Ende des alten Jurakonflikts?Antworten liefert Romandiekorrespondent Benno Tuchschmid in einer neuen Folge des täglichen Podcasts «Apropos».Host: Alexandra AreggerProduzentin: Jacky WechslerHier geht's zum Text von Benno Tuchschmid Mehr zum Thema:Moutier: Kantonswechsel per 1. JanuarVerhandlungen zum Kantonswechsel von Moutier abgeschlossen Unser Tagi-Spezialangebot für Podcast-Hörer:innen: tagiabo.chHabt ihr Feedback, Ideen oder Kritik zu «Apropos»? Schreibt uns an podcasts@tamedia.ch Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano introduces Revelation Chapter 12, framing it as an overview of events from chapters 6 through 11, focused primarily on Israel's persecution (anti-Semitism) during the Tribulation. The chapter begins with a "great sign" in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, the moon under her feet, and a crown of 12 stars . This woman is Israel, with the 12 stars symbolizing the 12 tribes (Genesis 37). She is "with child," representing the birth of Christ (the Messiah), a male child who "was caught up to God and to his throne" (His ascension), which terminates Daniel's 69th week. A second sign appears: a great red dragon (Satan) with seven heads (wisdom) and ten horns (authority), symbolizing the ten-nation confederacy (the resurrected Roman Empire/European Union) that will back the Antichrist. The dragon attempts to devour the child at birth (Herod's decree) and sweeps a third of the angels (stars) down to earth with him, establishing his kingdom on earth (Pergamum being his throne).The shift to the future occurs between verses 5 and 6, marking the beginning of Daniel's 70th week (the seven-year Tribulation), where the woman (Israel) flees into the wilderness for 1,260 days (three and a half years) for God's protection from the Antichrist (Satan's incarnated man). A war in the heavenlies then occurs where Michael and his angels successfully cast the dragon and his angels down to earth, permanently dispossessing Satan from the atmospheric heaven (heavenlies) and limiting his control, which is the immediate consequence of Christ taking the title deed to the earth. A great voice announces that the "accuser of our brethren has been thrown down." Enraged, the dragon persecutes the woman, but she is protected by "two wings of the great eagle" (God's deliverance, Exodus 19). The serpent then pours a flood (either literal water or slander/propaganda) from his mouth to destroy her, but the earth helps the woman. Finally, the dragon turns to make war with the "rest of her offspring"—the remnant Jews who adhere to the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus, who overcome him by the "blood of the Lamb" and the "word of their testimony."

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano initiates the study of Revelation Chapter 10, an interlude of events occurring between the Sixth and Seventh Trumpet Judgments. The chapter begins with the appearance of a "strong angel" or "mighty angel," whom Zumpano ultimately identifies as Jesus Christ in the form of the Holy Spirit (the "angel of the Lord") due to the angel's association with a cloud (the Shekinah glory) and his physical description matching that of Jesus in Revelation 1. This angel stands with one foot on the sea and one on the land, proclaiming that there will be "delay no longer" in the revelation of the "mystery of God" (Verse 7) when the Seventh Trumpet sounds. This mystery, subject to scholarly debate, is believed by Zumpano to be the long-unanswered question of why God permitted sin and Satan's entry into the world.The second major event is John's instruction to take an "open little book" from the angel's hand and "eat it," which signifies receiving prophetic knowledge. John experiences sweetness in his mouth (the revelation of the Messiah's coming and Jewish redemption) but bitterness in his stomach (the coming great suffering of the Jews during the Tribulation). The book also instructs John to prophesy again, indicating its relevance to his personal ministry. Following this, Revelation 11introduces the next event: the command to measure the rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem, excluding the outer court which is still under Gentile (Muslim) control (Dome of the Rock) on Mount Mariah. This reconstruction is the final major prophecy needing fulfillment before Christ's return, as it sets the stage for the Antichrist's desecration ("abomination of desolation"). This entire sequence of events signifies that human history is coming to an end, to be replaced by God's history (theocracy). Chapter 11 then introduces the Two Witnesses—Jesus's "my witnesses"—who will prophesy in sackcloth for 1,260 days before being killed by the Beast and resurrected.

Pour finir l'année en beauté, pirates, prophètes, explorateurs, artistes et saints se croisent dans cette semaine spéciale d'Au Cœur de l'Histoire version fêtes. De Zarafa la girafe à Houdini le roi des évasions, de la naissance du Père Noël à l'art de la table de François Vatel, du mystère de l'expédition Lapérouse à la route de la soie, embarquez pour deux semaines spéciales où l'Histoire se pare de magie, de mystères et d'émotions !Stéphane Bern raconte, sans en faire tout un fromage - même s'il a laissé son nom au plus célèbre des triples-crèmes - un épicurien harponné contre son gré par les dures réalités de la Révolution française, un haut-magistrat qui maniait l'art de la table. Ou la véritable histoire de Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, le fin gastronome… Quelle place Brillat-Savarin occupe-t-il dans l'histoire de la gastronomie ? Qu'écrit-il dans Physiologie du goût ? Quelle était la mode culinaire il y a deux cents ans ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Jean-Robert Pitte, président de la Société de géographie et de l'Académie du vin de France et auteur de "Brillat-Savarin, le gastronome transcendant" (Tallandier). (rediffusion)- Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Eloi Audoin-Rouzeau- Journaliste : Armelle ThibergeHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Nicolas II reçoit pour la première fois les députés venus de toute la Russie. Dans la salle, les deux Russie se font face. D'un côté les dignitaires de la Cour et de l'autre les députés ouvriers paysans. Une fois le manifeste lu, un orchestre dans la tribune joue l'hymne impérial afin d'empêcher toute réponse. Les députés rêvent d'un partage des pouvoirs. La Révolution n'a pas dit son dernier mot."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Antoine de Meaux.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Camille Legras et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

L'empereur Nicolas II, tsar de toutes les Russies, dirige son empire d'une main de fer. Tourmenté par la maladie de son fils, le prince héritier, il peine à se montrer à l'écoute de son peuple. Sa mort tragique signe la fin de la Russie impériale et de la dynastie des Romanov, et le début du bolchévisme."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Antoine de Meaux.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Camille Legras et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Nicolas II n'a qu'une ambition, s'inscrire dans les pas d'Alexandre III afin de transmettre intacte à son fils, l'héritage de l'autocratie. La tâche n'est pas facile car sous son règne, la Russie connaît des bouleversements profonds."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Antoine de Meaux.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Camille Legras et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Pour finir l'année en beauté, pirates, prophètes, explorateurs, artistes et saints se croisent dans cette semaine spéciale d'Au Cœur de l'Histoire version fêtes. De Zarafa la girafe à Houdini le roi des évasions, de la naissance du Père Noël à l'art de la table de François Vatel, du mystère de l'expédition Lapérouse à la route de la soie, embarquez pour deux semaines spéciales où l'Histoire se pare de magie, de mystères et d'émotions !Stéphane Bern raconte le triomphe de l'un des opéras les plus célèbres du monde : la Flûte Enchantée de Mozart, joué pour la première fois le 30 septembre 1791 à Vienne. Un opéra qui sera aussi son dernier chef d'oeuvre alors que la maladie va mettre un terme à la courte vie de ce musicien de génie...Quelle place cet opéra a-t-il dans l'œuvre de Mozart ? Comment expliquer son succès immédiat ? Dans quel contexte artistique et culturel La Flûte Enchantée a-t-elle été créée ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Thierry Geffrotin, journaliste et musicien, et auteur de "Mozart en tournée" (Editions Erick Bonnier). (rediffusion)Au Cœur de l'Histoire est un podcast Europe 1. - Présentation : Stéphane Bern - Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Pierre-Vincent Letourneau- Journaliste : Armelle ThibergeHébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Tu aimes Small Talk ? Tu aimes t'hydrater ? Alors les mugs Small Talk sont faits pour toi. Procure-toi le tien ici : https://www.smalltalk-merch.konbini.com/Mika a un cousin exorciste et un dealer de Guignol. Vous n'avez pas besoin de plus d'informations pour cliquer.Joyeux Noël à tous.Small Talk est diffusé le mercredi toutes les deux semaines sur Youtube et sur votre plateforme de podcasts préférée, abonnez vous pour ne rater aucun épisode : ⁠⁠https://audmns.com/gATkzsA⁠⁠Crédits : Animateur : David Castello-Lopes | Producteur, chef de projet et réalisateur : Robin Riccitiello | Direction de création : Raphaël Choyé | Direction de la rédaction : Camille Thebaut | Directeur artistique : Jordan Beline | Programmateur : Alexandre Duarte | Enregistré par Jim Casanova chez Konbini et mixé par Sébastien Cannas et Maxime Vanderbeck chez Capitaine Plouf | Monteurs : Tom Ferrer, Killian Nezet | Journaliste : Barbara Silvera Sonigo Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

In der Schweiz zeigen 22 Prozent der Eltern Tendenzen von Überbehütung. Sie nehmen ihren Schützlingen vieles ab und trauen ihnen wenig zu. Für die Entwicklung der Kinder kann das schwerwiegende Folgen haben. Warum neigen manche Eltern zur Überbehütung – und welche Folgen hat das für ihre Kinder? Auf der Suche nach Antworten treffen wir Andrina und ihre Familie. Auf dem Spielplatz ist sie ständig angespannt, und wenn ihre Söhne (7 und 5 Jahre alt) zu einem Kindergeburtstag eingeladen werden, fällt es ihr schwer, sie loszulassen. Claudia Roebers, Professorin für Entwicklungspsychologie an der Universität Bern, warnt: «Überbehütung kann das Selbstwertgefühl und die Selbstwirksamkeit von Kindern beeinträchtigen.» Wer seinen Kindern wenig zutraut, erschwert ihnen den Umgang mit Herausforderungen. ____________________ Habt ihr Feedback, Fragen oder Wünsche? Wir freuen uns auf eure Nachrichten an input@srf.ch – und wenn ihr euren Freund:innen und Kolleg:innen von uns erzählt. ____________________ 00:00 Intro 01:14 Der Zettel des Anstosses 02:38 Besuch bei Andrina und ihrer Familie 07:57 Wann ist es Überbehütung? 11:03 Was bringt Eltern zum Überbehüten? 18:00 Auch Väter können überbehüten 20:46 Die Folgen von Überbehütung 26:34 Fazit ____________________ In dieser Episode zu hören - Andrina und Gino, Eltern - Claudia Roebers, Entwicklungspsychologin Universität Bern - Joëlle Gut, Psychotherapeutin ____________________ - Autor: Matthias von Wartburg - Publizistische Leitung: Anita Richner ____________________ Das ist «Input»: Dem Leben in der Schweiz auf der Spur – mit all seinen Widersprüchen und Fragen. Der Podcast «Input» liefert jede Woche eine Reportage zu den Themen, die euch bewegen. ____________________ Diese Folge wurde zum ersten Mal am 21.05. 2025 ausgestrahlt.

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano introduces Revelation Chapter 8, which begins with the breaking of the Seventh Seal. This event is marked by a profound silence in heaven for about half an hour, interpreted as a moment of awe and anxiety among the heavenly host, who anticipate the far more severe Seven Trumpet Judgments that the Seventh Seal unleashes. Before the trumpets sound, another angel, identified by Zumpano as Jesus Christ (our High Priest), mediates. This angel takes a golden censer, adds incense (representing the prayers of the Tribulation saints/Jews) to it, and throws the censer's fire onto the earth. This action symbolizes Christ's mediation for the saints and his immediate response to their prayers for deliverance is the initiation of judgment on their enemies—the unbelievers on earth, marked by thunder, lightning, and an earthquake.The subsequent sounding of the first four trumpets brings escalating, literal, and localized judgments. The First Trumpetbrings hail, fire, and blood, burning up a third of the earth's vegetation and causing severe ecological damage, mirroring the seventh Egyptian plague (Exodus 9). The Second Trumpet sends "something like a great mountain burning with fire" (interpreted as a fiery meteor) into the sea, turning a third of the sea into blood and destroying a third of the marine life and ships, recalling the first Egyptian plague (Exodus 7). The Third Trumpet brings another meteor, the star called Wormwood (the Russian word for the plant), which pollutes and makes a third of the fresh waters bitter, causing many deaths and echoing God's previous judgment in Jeremiah 9. Finally, the Fourth Trumpet strikes the heavens, darkening a third of the sun, moon, and stars (Exodus 10; Luke 21), a prophetic sign of Christ's imminent return. After the fourth trumpet, an angel declares "Woe, woe, woe", announcing the three final, and most severe, trumpet judgments (the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh), which bring literal hell to earth, beginning with the Fifth Trumpet that releases a plague of demonic locusts from the Bottomless Pit (Abyss), to torment, but not kill, unbelievers for five months.

Aventskalender Tag 24, Homöopathischer Adventskalender Podcast

Stéphane Bern raconte, à l'occasion des 150 ans de sa naissance, un illusionniste qui s'est fait une spécialité qui lui a valu une reconnaissance dans le monde, et pas seulement celui de la magie : se libérer de menottes complètement verrouillées ! Ou la véritable histoire de Harry Houdini, le roi des évasions…Quelle est sa place dans l'histoire de l'illusionnisme ? Comment a-t-il révolutionné la magie ? Houdini a-t-il révélé les secrets de ses tours ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit François Montmirel, directeur de la publication Les Cahiers du Mentalisme, traducteur et éditeur les livres d'Harry Houdini en français (Editions Fantaisium). (rediffusion) - Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Guillaume Vasseau- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteur du récit : Simon Veille- Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Welcome back to the Working Perspectives Podcast! In tonight's episode, Matt, Bern, and Liam are taking "Current Events" to a whole new level of chaos with our signature Guess The News Challenge. The Rules: Each host brings one bizarre, true news story from around the world. They read the story aloud but intentionally leave out the most crucial details (age, gender, location, or the "WTF" factor). The other two hosts then have only 4 minutes and 3 strikes to guess the missing pieces before the clock runs out! Tonight's Stories: Story 1: Kids vs. Robots. We dive into the unsettling world of AI Toys and the shocking things children were able to get these "smart" dolls and bears to reveal. Can the guys guess what the kids actually asked? Story 2: The Leaf Incident. Matt brings a story that proves no good deed goes unpunished. A person was accused of littering after a leaf flew into their mouth and they spat it out. Can Bern and Liam guess the Age, Gender, Location, and the ridiculous Fine Amount? Story 3: The Morgue Macabre. Bern closes the night with a dark turn. A former morgue director was caught selling off body parts of the deceased. The guys have to guess the Age, Gender, Location, and specifically which body parts were on the black market. Things get loud, guesses get wild, and the clock is always ticking. Play along in the comments and see if you can solve these mysteries before the hosts do! New episodes drop every Tuesday and Friday! Video Chapters: 0:00 - Intro: Guess The News Challenge Rules 1:45 - Story 1: What are the AI Toys telling our kids? 11:15 - Story 2: The most expensive "spit" in history 23:30 - Story 3: The Morgue Director's Secret Business 38:00 - Outro & Final Score

Aventskalender Tag 23, Homöopathischer Adventskalender Podcast

Stéphane Bern raconte ni un homme, ni une dame, mais un animal au destin peu ordinaire, celle qui fut le cadeau du vice-roi d'Égypte Méhémet Ali au roi de France Charles X, un drôle de cadeau : le premier spécimen vivant de girafe jamais vu en France, prénommée Zarafa.Comment s'appelait Zarafa avant de s'appeler Zarafa ? Est-ce que le roi Charles X s'est bien entendu avec sa girafe ? Et comment est-elle arrivée jusqu'à lui ?Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit l'écrivain Olivier Lebleu, auteur des "Avatars de Zarafa" (Editions Arléa). (rediffusion)- Présentation : Stéphane Bern- Réalisation : Loic Vimard- Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol- Auteure du récit : Sandrine Brugot- Journaliste : Armelle Thiberge Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

If you would like additional information, books, or if you would like to make a love donation; please visit us at https://www.walkinginpower.orgBern Zumpano frames Revelation 7 as an essential interlude inserted between the Sixth and Seventh Seal Judgments to maintain the prophecy's chronological logic and continuity. Chapters 6 through 19 cover the entire seven-year Tribulation period, with the last three and a half years being the Great Tribulation initiated by the Antichrist's ascent to full power. Zumpano notes that the Tribulation is primarily God's final dealing with Israel, secondarily with Gentile unbelievers, and is a time of God trying to save souls by taking away man's idols (including the earth) and exposing them to the evil (Satan and demons) that they preferred over Him. The sixth seal marks the official beginning of the wrath of God, and the seventh seal will unleash seven Trumpet Judgments, which in turn lead to the seven Bowl Judgments, a "triple whammy" of escalating severity designed to capture man's attention.Revelation 7 begins by introducing four angels restraining the four winds (judgments) of the earth until a separate angel seals 144,000 bond-servants of God on their foreheads—specifically 12,000 from each of the 12 tribes of Israel (Jews). This is an angelic sealing (distinct from the Holy Spirit sealing of the Church) that confirms them as God's people and protects them from harm during the impending judgments, as they are later seen standing with the Lamb in heaven (Revelation 14). Zumpano highlights that this angelic sealing is immediately counterfeited by Satan with the Mark of the Beast (666) on the forehead or hand of unbelievers, sealing them as Satan's forever. The tribes listed in Revelation 7 are not the original 12; Dan and Ephraim are substituted with Levi and Joseph. Zumpano explores the scholarly debate, postulating that Dan and Ephraim may have been excluded from the sealing—and thus left unprotected to endure the Tribulation—due to their severe history of idolatry (e.g., King Jeroboam's golden calves, 1 Kings 12), although he acknowledges that all tribes sinned, noting that Dan and Ephraim are restored and receive a portion in the Millennial Reign (Ezekiel 48).

Aventskalender Tag 22, Homöopathischer Adventskalender Podcast

Welcome to 5 Bern'in Questions..... On each episode Mike "The Bern" Bernier tackles 5 things in the world of sports that are on his mindThis is what's hot this week:• The end of Chiefs' Kingdom• Oklahoma vs Alabama preview • Texas A&M vs Miami preview• Ole Miss vs Tulane preview• Oregon vs James Madison previewEnjoy & talk to you next time!•Stay connected with all things Huddle Up Podcast at https://linktr.ee/huddleuppodcast•Subscribe to the show on ALL podcast platforms & YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/@HuddleUpPodcast)•You can get your Huddle Up Podcast merch on TeePublic at https://www.teepublic.com/user/huddleuppodcast•Follow Huddle Up Podcast on our social channels:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HuddleUpPodcast/IG: https://www.instagram.com/huddleuppodcastinc/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@huddleuppodcastBluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/huddleuppodcast.bsky.socialTwitter: https://twitter.com/HuddleUpPodcastTwitch: https://www.twitch.tv/huddleupinc

Welcome back to the Working Perspectives Podcast! In today's episode, Matt Lavelle, Bern Podcasy, and Liam Reese are back to dissect a wild Week 15 and look ahead to the crucial Week 16 matchups. With the playoffs on the line, the stakes have never been higher—and neither has the volume in the studio!

Have you ever experienced the ‘blindsided' breakup, the ‘soap opera' breakup or the ‘flat soda' breakup? How about the ‘first love' breakup or the ‘legal' breakup? Today on the One Life Radio Podcast Dr. DeWone Bennett joins Bernadette Fiaschetti to wrap-up 2025 and discuss a very hot topic! ”The December Dilemma: Why the Season of Love and Peace Sparks Breakups.” They discussed the book “Break Up on Purpose” by John Kim. Kim makes the case for eight different types of breakups. Dr. Bennett has over eighteen years of extensive training and experience working with children, adolescents, and adults.  He holds two master's degrees and a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology.  Dr. DeWone is a Licensed Professional Counselor and author of the book series “The Playbook Series.” He also lights up the stage as a keynote speaker and corporate mental health and wellness trainer.Dr. Bennett has a diverse range of training and certifications as a Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (TF-CBT) EMDR and Gottman method as a couple's therapist. As well as a National Certified Counselor and Counseling Supervisor and a corporate EAP counselor and trainer.  Over the past 15 years he has focused his interest in personal development, on those struggling with emotional trauma, relationship issues, resiliency, and work-life balance. As the owner of a group private practice in the North Dallas area, Dr. Bennett continues to provide life-altering behavioral health services and consultations. 

Ce jeudi 18 décembre, Laurent Gerra a notamment imité François Bayrou, Stéphane Bern et Jean Lassalle. Tous les jours, retrouvez le meilleur de Laurent Gerra en podcast sur RTL.fr, l'application et toutes vos plateformes.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Genussexperte Helmut Gote war im Käse-Himmel, nämlich bei den World Cheese Awards in Bern. Er hat jede Menge Schweizer Käse mitgebracht, darunter Emmentaler, Hornbacher und Gruyère. Moderator Uwe Schulz darf Preisgekröntes probieren. Von WDR 5.

Hercule Poirot et Miss Marple, les héros des romans d'Agatha Christie, sont célèbres dans le monde entier. Leur autrice, quant à elle, garde sa part de mystère. Experte dans l'art du suspense, elle déroule ses intrigues haletantes jusqu'aux dernières pages. Mais la vie de l'écrivaine vient tutoyer parfois la fiction…"Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Bruno Deltombe.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Mona Delahais et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Après le décès de son père, Agatha décide d'utiliser le carnet qu'il lui avait offert. Elle y couche son chagrin et ses premières histoires, à 11 ans."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Bruno Deltombe.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Mona Delahais et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

À l'automne 1928, l'Orient-Express qui transporte Agatha Christie arrive à son terminus : la gare d'Istanbul. La romancière vient de traverser l'Europe seule, pendant plus de deux jours. Elle découvre enfin pour la première fois à l'aube de ses quarante ans, un pays dont elle ignore toutes les coutumes."Secrets d'Histoire" est un podcast d'Initial Studio, adapté de l'émission de télévision éponyme produite par la Société Européenne de Production ©2024 SEP / France Télévisions. Cet épisode a été écrit et réalisé par Bruno Deltombe.Un podcast présenté par Stéphane Bern. Avec la voix d'Isabelle Benhadj.Vous pouvez retrouver Secrets d'Histoire sur France 3 ou en replay sur France.tv, et suivre l'émission sur Instagram et Facebook.Crédits du podcastProduction exécutive du podcast : Initial StudioProduction éditoriale : Sarah Koskievic et Mandy Lebourg, assistées de Marie AgassantMontage : Mona Delahais et Tim Dornbusch Hébergé par Audion. Visitez https://www.audion.fm/fr/privacy-policy pour plus d'informations.

Welcome back to The Working Perspectives Podcast! Get ready for the most bizarre, laugh-out-loud news challenge yet, hosted by Matt, Bern, and Liam. In our weekly "Pop-in" segment, the guys each bring a wild, current news story from around the globe—but with a major twist: they intentionally leave out the most crucial, jaw-dropping details! The other two hosts have three minutes on the clock to put their detective skills (and wild guesses) to the test to figure out the missing pieces of the story. Tonight's Unbelievable True Stories:

Hey before I begin I just want to thank all of you who have joined the patreon, you guys are awesome. Please let me know what other figures, events or other things you want to hear about in the future and I will try to make it happen.   If you are a long time listener to the Pacific War week by week podcast over at KNG or viewer of my youtube channel you have probably heard me talk about Tomoyuki Yamashita, the Tiger of Malaya quite often. It goes without saying when it comes to Japanese generals of WW2 he stands out. Not just to me, from the offset of the war he made a large impression on westerners, he achieved incredible feats early on in the war. Now if you look up books about him, you will pretty much only find information in regards to his infamous war crimes trial. Hell it was so infamous the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes, whereby a commanding officer is legally responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by his subordinates, was created. This is known as the command responsibility or “the Yamashita standard”. His court case was very controversial, he remains a controversial figure, certainly to the people of territories he campaigned in, but I think what can be said of him the most is he was special amongst the Japanese generals. Anyways lets get the show on the road as they say.   So who was Yamashita? When he was 59 years old commanding forces in the Philippines against General Douglas MacArthur, he weighed 220 ls and stood 5 feet 9 inches. His girth pressed out against his green army uniform. He had an egg shaped head, balding, wide spaced eyes and a flat nose. He wore a short mustache, sort of like Hitlers, until it grayed then he shaved it off. He was not a very attractive man, Filipinos referred to him as “old potato face” while Americans called him “a florid, pig faced man”.   Tomobumi Yamashita was born in 1885, he was the second son of Dr. Sakichi Yamashita and Yuu Yamashita in Osugi village, on Shikoku island. Like most males of his day he was indoctrinated into military preparatory school from a young age. Yamashita had no chosen the army as a career, in his words ‘my father suggested the idea, because I was big and healthy, and my mother did not seriously object because she believed, bless her soul, that I would never pass the highly competitive entrance examination. If I had only been cleverer or had worked harder, I would have been a doctor like my brother”Yamashita would graduate from the 18th class of the IJA academy in november of 1905, ranked 16th out of 920 cadets.    In 1908 he was promoted to the rank of Lt and during WW1 he fought against Imperial German and Austro-Hungarian forces in the famous siege of Qingdao, which if you are interested I did an episode over on my Youtube channel about this battle. Its a very overlooked battle, but many histories firsts occurred at it like the first carrier attack. In 1916 he was promoted to captain and attended the 28th class of the Army War college to graduate sixth in his class that year. He also married Hisako Nagayama in 1916, she was the daughter of the retired General Nagayama.    It seems Yamashita's brush against the Germans in 1914 had a huge influence on him, because he became fascinated with Germany and would serve as assistant military attache at Bern and Berlin from 1919-1922. He spent his time in Germany alongside Captain Hideki Tojo, both men would run into each other countless times and become bitter rivals. Both men toured the western front, visiting Hamburg and witnessed first hand the crippling inflation and food prices that came from Germany's defeat. Yamashita said to Tojo then “If Japan ever has to fight any nation, she must never surrender and get herself in a state like this.” He returned to Japan in 1922, was promoted to major and served a few different posts in the Imperial Headquarters and Staff College. Yamashita became a leading member of the Kodoha faction, while Tojo became a leading member of the rival Toseiha faction. In 1927 Yamashita was sent again to Europe, this time to Vienna as a military attache. Just prior to departing he had invested in a business selling thermometers starting by one of his wife's relatives, the business failed horribly and Yamashita was tossed into debt, bailiffs literally came to seize his house. As told to us by his biographer “For a regular officer to have contracted such a debt, however innocently, was a disgrace. He felt he should resign his commission.” Yamashita's brother refused to allow him to quit, instructing him to leave for Vienna, while he resolved his debts. His days in Vienna were the best of his life, professed Yamashita. He studied economics at Vienna university and made friends with a Japanese widow, who introduced him to a German woman named Kitty and they had an affair. This would spring forward his reputation as an eccentric officer. Yamashita was obsessed over hygiene,and refused to eat fruit unless it was thoroughly washed. He avoided ice water, hated dancing and never learnt how to drive a car. One of his most notable quirks was his habit of falling asleep often during meetings where he legendarily would snore. Like I may have said in previous podcast and youtube episodes, this guy was quite a character, often described as a big bear.    Now this is not a full biography on Yamashita so I cant devolve to far into things, such as his first fall from grace. During the February 26th coup incident of 1936, Yamashita was a leading member of the Kodoha faction and helped mediate a peaceful end to the standoff, however in truth he was backing the coup. He simply managed to not get caught red handed at the time doing too much for the mutineers, regardless he lost favor with the outraged Emperor and many young captains whom he loved like sons killed themselves in disgrace. If you want to know more about the February coup of 1936, check out my series on Emperor Hirohito or General Ishawara, they both talk about it in depth and touch upon Yamashita's role a bit.    The coup led to the dissolvement of the Kodoha faction and the dominance of the Toseiha, led by Tojo. Yamashita tried to resign from the IJA, but his superiors dissuade him. He was relegated to a post in Korea, which honestly was a punishment. Yamashita would say “When I was posted to Korea, I felt I had been given a tactful promotion but that in fact my career was over. Even when I was given my first fighting company in North China, I still felt I had no future in the Army, so I was always on the front line, where the bullets flew the thickest. I sought only a place to die.”  He had some time to reflect upon his conduct while in Korea, he began to study Zen Buddhism. He was promoted to Lt General in November of 1937 and when the China war broke out he was one of those speaking out that the incident needed to end swiftly and that peaceful relations must be made with the UK and US. He received a unimportant post in the Kwantung army and in 1938 was assigned command of the IJA 4th division. He led the forces during in northern china against insurgents until he returned to Tokyo in July of 1940. His fellow officers lauded him as Japan's finest general. Meanwhile Tojo had ascended to war minister and one of his first moves was to send a delegation to Germany. Tojo considered Yamashita a ruthless and forceful commander and feared he would become a powerful rival against him one day. Yamashita would go on the record to say then “I have nothing against Tojo, but he apparently has something against me.” You see, Yamashita had no political ambitions, unlike Tojo who was by nature a political monster. “My life, is that of a soldier; I do not seek any other life unless our Emperor calls me.” In late 1940, Tojo asked Yamashita to lead a team of 40 experts on a 6 month train tour of Germany and Italy, a move that kept him out of Tokyo, because Tojo was trying to solidify his political ambitions. This is going to become a looming theme between the two men.   He was presented to Adolf Hitler in January of 1941, passing along messages from Tojo and publicly praising the Fuhrer, though privately he was very unimpressed by the man  “He may be a great orator on a platform, with his gestures and flamboyant way of speaking. But standing behind his desk listening he seems much more like a clerk.” Hitler pressed upon him to push Japan to declare war on Britain and the US. At the time of course Japan was facing China and had two major conflicts with the USSR, thus this was absolutely not in her interest. “My country is still fighting in China, and we must finish that war as soon as possible. We are also afraid that Russia may attack us in Manchuria. This is no time for us to declare war on other countries.” Yamashita hoped to inspect Germany's military techniques and technology to help Japan. Hitler promised open exchanges of information stating “All our secrets are open to you,”, but this would prove to be a lie. “There were several pieces of equipment the Germans did not want us to see. Whenever I tried to persuade the German General Staff to show us things like radar—about which we had a rudimentary knowledge—the conversation always turned to something else.”   Yamashita met with field Marshal Hermann Goring who gave him an overview of the war in europe. Goring would complain about Yamashita falling asleep during lectures and meetings and he believed the man was drunk often. Yamashita met Benito Mussolini in June of 1941 receiving a similar rundown to what he got in Germany. Yamashita visited Kitty in Vienna for a quick fling, but overall the trip deeply impacted Yamashita's resolve that Japan should stay out of the Europeans war and that Germany made a grievous error invading the USSR in June of 1941. This is what he said the members of the commission “You know the results of our inspection as well as I do. I must ask you not to express opinion in favor of expanding the alliance between Japan, Germany and Italy. Never suggest in your report that Japan should declare war on Great Britain and the United States. We must not and cannot rely upon the power of other nations. Japan needs more time, particularly as there may be aggression against us from Russia. We must have time to rebuild our defense system and adjust the whole Japanese war machine. I cannot repeat this to you often enough.” His report was similar, and it really pissed off Tojo who was trying to develop plans for a war against America. Yamashita would then get exiled to Manchuria in July of 1941, but Tojo's resentment towards him could only go so far, because Yamashita was one of their best generals and in his planned war against Britain and America, he would need such a man.   Yamashita's time in Europe reshaped his views on how to conduct war. He saw first hand blitzkrieg warfare, it seems it fascinated him. He consistently urged the implementation of new proposals calling for the streamlining of air arms; to mechanize the Army; to integrate control of the armed forces in a defense ministry coordinated by a chairman of Joint Chiefs of staff; to create a paratroop corps and to employ effective propaganda. Basically he saw what was working for the Germans against the allies and wanted Japan to replicate it. Tojo did not like many of the proposal, hated the fact they were coming from Yamashita, so he obviously was not keen on making them happen. Luckily for Yamashita he would be given a chance to implement some of his ideas in a big way.   On November 6th of 1941, Lt General Yamashita was appointed commander of the 25th Japanese army. His orders were to seize the Malay Peninsula and then the British naval base at Singapore. The Malaya Peninsula snakes 700 miles south of Thailand, a rugged sliver of land that constricts at its narrowest point to about 60 miles wide. It hold mountains that split the peninsula in half, some going as high as 7000 feet. During this time Malaya produced around 40% of the worlds rubber, 60% of its tin, two resources vital for war. At its very southern tip lies Singapore, a diamond shaped island connected to the mainland by a 1115 stone causeway. Singapore's largest asset was its naval base guarding the passage from the Pacific and Indian oceans. Together Malay and Singapore represented the key to controlling what Japan called the Southern Resource Area.   Singapore was known as the gibraltar of the east for good reason. It was a massively fortified naval base. The base had been developed between 1923-1938 and cost 60 million pounds, around 2 billion pounds today. It was 21 square miles, had the largest dry dock in the world, the 3rd largest floating dock and enough fuel tanks to support the entire royal navy for 6 months. She was defended by 15 inch naval guns stationed at the Johre battery, Changi and Buona vista battery. And despite the infamous myth some of you may have heard, these guns were fully capable of turning in all directions including the mainland. For those unaware a myth perpetuated after the fall of Singapore that her large 15 inch guns could not turn to the mainland and that this spelt her doom, no it was not that, it was the fact they mostly had armor piercing shells which are using to hit ships and not land targets. Basically if you fire an armor piercing shell at land it imbeds itself then explodes, while HE shells would have torn any Japanese army to pieces. Alongside the 15 inch monsters, there were countless other artillery pieces such as 9.2 inch guns. By December of 1941 Malaya and Singapore held 164 first line aircraft out of a total of 253 aircraft, but many of the fighters were the obsolete Brewster F2A Buffalo, a pretty slow, fat little beast that could take a licking as it was armored, but against the Zero fighter it was unbelievably outmatched in speed and maneuverability.    The Japanese acquired a major gift prior to the outbreak of war. On november 11th, 1940, the SS Automedon, a German raider attacked the HMS Atlantis which was carrying documents intended for the British far east command. The documents indicated the British fleet was not going to help Singapore; that Britain would not declare war if Thailand was invaded and that Hong Kong was expendable. The Germans gave the documents to the Japanese who were very excited by the information.    Starting in January of 1941, Colonel Masanobu Tsuji led the Taiwan Army Research section based on Formosa to investigate how a campaign could be waged in Malay and Singapore. His findings on the defenses of Malay and Singapore were summed up in these 3 points: 1. Singapore Fortress was solid and strong facing the sea, but vulnerable on the peninsular side facing the Johore Strait;  Newspaper reports of a strong Royal Air Force (RAF) presence were propaganda;  Although British forces in Malaya numbered from five to six divisions (well over 80,000 men), less than half were Europeans.    Now just a little bit about Tsuji as he was to become the chief of staff operations and planning under Yamashita. Tsuji was extremely insubordinate and a political schemer. He was a Toseiha faction fanatic, loyal to Tojo and thus definitely an enemy to Yamashita. Yamashita wrote of Tsuji in his war diary “is egotistical and wily. He is a sly dog and unworthy to serve the country. He is a manipulator to be carefully watched.” Tsuji would go on to have a infamous reputation for ordering atrocities in the name of his superiors, often without them knowing and this would be very much the case under Yamashita. Now using Tsuji's intelligence Yamashita began plans at his HQ at Samah, a port on Hainan island, starting in November of 1941 on how to launch the campaign. He was initially offered 5 divisions for the invasion, but he felt he could accomplish the objective with only three. There are a few reasons why he believed this; first, Tsuji's research suggested the peninsula roads would be the center of the battlefront and that the flanks would extend no more than a km or so to the left or right due to the dense jungle terrain (in fact Yamashita was planning to assault from the jungle specifically); 2nd intelligence indicated the defending troops were not of the highest caliber (the British were busy in Europe thus many of the troops in southeast asia were poorly trained, half were british regulars the rest were Australian, Indian and Malayan); 3rd Yamashita was aware “the Japanese army were in the habit of flinging more troops into the battle than could possibly be maintained” boy oh boy tell that one to the future boys on Guadalcanal. Thus he calculated 3 divisions was the maximum to be fed, equipped and supplied. Based on his recommendations the 25th army was created with 3 divisions; the 5th under Lt General Takuma Matsui; 18th under Lt General Renya Mutaguchi and the Imperial guards division of Lt General Takuma Nishimura. Supporting these would be two regiment of heavy field artillery and the 3rd tank brigade. Something that made Yamashita's campaign quite interesting was the usage and amount of tanks. He was invading with around 200 or so tanks consisting of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, type 97 Chi-Ha and Type 89 I-Go medium tanks and Type 97 Te-Ke tankettes. For aircraft he had the 3rd Air division, 459 aircraft strong with an additional 159 aircraft from the IJN to support them. The 3rd air division had a variety of aircraft such as Nakajima Ki-27 Nate's, Nakajima ki-43 Oscars, Kitsubishi ki-51 Sonia's, Kawasaki ki-48 Lily's, Mitsubishi ki-21 sally's, Mitsubishi ki-30 Ann's, Mitsubishi ki-15 babs and Mitsubishi ki-46 dinahs. For the IJN it was the 22nd air flotilla using Mitsubishi G3M1 Nell's, Mitsubishi A5M4 Claudes and some A6M Zeros. To say it was a lot of firepower at his disposal is an understatement, Yamashita was packing heat, heat he could use in a blitzkrieg fashion.   His staff at Samah identified 5 operational objectives: 1 Simultaneous capture of Singora and Patani, Thailand and Kota Bharu, Malaya.  2 Capture of all enemy airfields in southern Thailand and Malaya.  3 Occupation of Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.  4 Occupation of Johore Bahru, and control of Johore Strait.  5 Conquest of Singapore.    Colonel Tsuji, appointed Chief of Operations and Planning for the 25th Army, proposed the following plan which was readily approved:  Land the main strength of the 5th Division simultaneously and without warning at Singora and Patani, and at the same time land a powerful section of the 18th Division to attack Kota Bharu.  The troops disembarked at Singora and Patani to press forward immediately to attack the line of the Perak River Hand capture its bridge and the Alor Star aerodrome.  The troops landed at Kota Bharu to press forward along the eastern coast as far as Kuantan.    The landing at Kota Bharu, the only one in Malaya was expected to be opposed and quite risky. But if it was successful, it would create a useful diversion away from the main force landings in Thailand.   The landings took place around 2:15am local time on December 8th, about an hour and 20 minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The landings went largely unopposed, except at Kota Bahru where the Japanese saw heavy resistance. The British had anticipated this landing point and created operation Matador, a plan to pre-emptively invade southern thailand to secure defensive lines against the Japanese, however this plan was never accepted by British high command for obvious political reasons. But on December 5th, with a Japanese invasion looking certain, suddenly London gave permission to the Far east commanders to decide if Operation matador should be activated or not. The commander in Malaya, General Arthur Percival recommended forestalling it, fearing to violate Thai sovereignty, which ultimately would be the doom of a defense for Malaya.   At the battle of Kota Bharu, the 9th infantry division of Major General Barstow attempted holding off the Japanese from taking the important Kota Bharu airfield. The 8th brigade of Billy Key had fortified the beaches with pillboxes, barbed wire and land mines. The Japanese took heavy losses, but they were able to find gaps and fill them up until Brigadier Key had to ask permission to pull out. The royal air force at Kota Bharu tossed Hudson bombers to hit the troop transports, but it was a suicide mission to do so. Meanwhile the IJA 5th division landed at Pattani and Songkhla in Thailand while the Imperial guards division marched over the border from French Indochina. The Japanese encountered very little resistance, the leader of Thailand Plaek Pibulsonggram had been trying to get assurances from the allies and Japanese all the way up until the invasion, once the Japanese landed he knew his best option was to play nice and sign an armistice. This basically spelt doom for malaya as the Japanese were given access to Thailand's airfields which they used to smash the forward airfields in Malaya.   The first day of aerial encounters were a catastrophe for the British. General Percival would comment “The rapidity with which the Japanese got their air attacks going against our aerodromes was quite remarkable. Practically all the aerodromes in Kelantan, Kedah, Province Wellesley, and Penang, were attacked, and in most cases fighters escorted the bombers. The performance of Japanese aircraft of all types, and the accuracy of their bombing, came as an unpleasant surprise. By the evening our own air force had already been seriously weakened.” Brigadier Key withdrew after causing an estimated 800 casualties upon the Japanese while taking roughly 465. While Kota Bharu was being fought over, Percival unleashed Operation Krohcol, a 2.0 of Matador seeing British forces cross into Thailand to intercept the incoming enemy. It was an absolute disaster, the British attackers were defeated not only by the Japanese 5th division, but some Royal Thai police also defended their territory. The operation had basically become a race to who could seize the important focal point first and the Japanese took it first thus winning decisively. To add to that misery, force Z, consisting of the battleship HMS Prince of Wales,, battlecruiser Repulse and 4 destroyers tried to intercept the Japanese invasion fleet only to be utterly destroyed by overwhelming Japanese airforces.   Within 4 days of the landings, the 5th division advanced from Singora through the town of Jitra to capture the RAF airfield at Alor star, around 100 miles away. Yamashita managed this using flanking techniques that saw his army take town after town and airfield after airfield. There were numerous natural obstacles to the advance such as dense jungles, very long supply lines, torrential rain and heat, but he had a secret weapon, bicycles. At Jitra Percival made his first major stand. Holding Jitra would safeguard the northern airfields of Malaya, but it was a folly to do so as the airfields in question were not provided adequate aircraft and the British lacked something extremely important to be able to defend themselves, tanks. Colonel Tsuji saw the fighting at Jitra first hand and reported “Our tanks were ready on the road, and the twenty or so enemy armored cars ahead were literally trampled underfoot … The enemy armored cars could not escape by running away, and were sandwiched between our medium tanks … It was speed and weight of armor that decided the issue.” The British had spread themselves far too thinly across a 14 mile front with jungle on their right flank and rubber plantations and mangrove swamps to their left. Yamashita used a innovative blitzkrieg like tactic, he combined his air, artillery, tanks and bicycle infantry to punch holes in concentrated attacks forcing allied defenders to withdraw. As Percival would write later in his memoirs “This withdrawal would have been difficult under the most favorable conditions. With the troops tired, units mixed as the result of the fighting, communications broken and the night dark, it was inevitable that orders should be delayed and that in some cases they should never reach the addressees. This is what in fact occurred … the withdrawal, necessary as it may have been, was too fast and too complicated for disorganized and exhausted troops, whose disorganization and exhaustion it only increased”    Yamashita had ingeniously thought of employing large numbers of bicycles for his infantry so they could keep up momentum and speed with his mechanized forces. Oh and he didn't bring thousands of bicycles over to Malaya, the real genius was that they were there ready for him. His intelligence prior to the invasion indicated nearly all civilians in malaya had bicycles, so when the Japanese came over they simply stole them. Half of Yamashitas troops moved in motor vehicles while the rest road on 18,000 bicycles. As noted by Tsuji “With the infantry on bicycles, there was no traffic congestion or delay. Wherever bridges were destroyed the infantry continued their advance, wading across the rivers carrying their bicycles on their shoulders, or crossing on log bridges held up on the shoulders of engineers standing in the stream.” They Japanese overwhelmed the defenders who were forced to fight, flee into the jungles or flee along the roads where they were simply outsped by the faster Japanese. The defenders left numerous stores of food, abandoned vehicles, and supplies that Yamashita's men would dub “churchill's allowance”. British Lt Colonel Spencer Chapmanwas forced to hide on the sides of roads watching Japanese pedal past remarking “The majority were on bicycles in parties of forty or fifty, riding three or four abreast and talking and laughing just as if they were going to a football match.” The Japanese had the ability to carry their gear on the bicycles, giving them an enormous advantage over the allies fleeing on foot. The Japanese could travel faster, further and less fatigued. When the British destroyed 250 bridges during their flight, “the Japanese infantry (to continue) their advance, wading across the rivers carrying their bicycles on their shoulders, or crossing on log bridges held up on the shoulders of engineers standing in the stream”. The British could not escape the bicycle blitzkrieg as it became known, countless were forced to surrender under constant pressure and relentless pursuit.    Alongside the bicycle warfare, whenever Yamashita faced terrain unsuitable for his tanks, he ordered amphibious landings further south to outflank the enemy's  rear.   Meanwhile the war in the air went equally terrible for the allies. The RAF had pulled back its best pilots and aircraft to deal with the war for Britain against the Luftwaffe. 21 airfields were in Malaya and Singapore, few of them had modern facilities, only 15 concrete runways. The heavy rain made the grass airstrips unusable. All the airfields were allocated around 8 heavy and 8 light anti aircraft guns. Quality radar units were completely inadequate. The Super Spitfires and Hyper Hurricanes were mostly in Britain fighting the Germans, while Buffaloes were allocated to Malaya. The Japanese airforces easily overcame the allied opposition and established air superiority quickly. Launching from airfields in Vietnam, they bombed all the airfields into submission and continuously applied pressure to Singapore. . The aerial dominance of the Zero and ‘Oscar' fighters served to undermine the morale of the British infantryman on the ground. As historian H. P. Wilmot has observed, “in the opening phase of the war the Zero-sen was just what the Japanese needed, and the Allies were devastated by the appearance of a ‘super fighter.' To add insult to injury, every airfield taken starting at the most northern going further and further south towards Singapore offered the Japanese new launching points to make for faster attack.   Yamashita's forces reached the southern tip of the peninsula in just 8 weeks, his men had covered some 700 miles, about 12 miles a day on average. They fought 95 large and smaller battles doing so. Multiple lines of defense were erected one after another to try and halt the Japanese advance, to kill their momentum. Starting at the beach landings, to Jitra, then to Kampar, over the Slim river, then Johor. The British failed to employ “leave behind forces” to provide guerilla warfare in lost territories leading not only the Japanese to easily consolidate their gains, the Thai's also came down and grabbed some territory. At the battle of Muar Major General Gordon Bennet deployed the allied defenders south of the Muar River and it was widely believed here they would finally halt the Japanese. Then the Imperial Guards division outflanked them performing an amphibious landing and advancing down the coastal route. The 5th Japanese division followed a parallel route through the center and the 18th division landed near Endau. The allies were thus surrounded and took heavy casualties, countless were forced to flee through swamps and thick jungle abandoned their stuff. Gordons 45th brigade were absolutely shattered, effectively disbanded and left north of the Muar river as the rest of the allies fled south. The defeat at Muar broke the British belief they could hold even a toehold on Malay. Percivals strategy to fight delaying actions until the arrival of reinforcements to Singapore had fatally undermined his troops ability to hold onto defensive positions. As the British governor of the Johore straits settlement, Sir Shenton Thomas would say on January 6th ‘“We … have gone in for mechanized transport to the nth degree. It is a fearsomely cumbersome method. We have pinned our faith to the few roads but the enemy used tracks and paths, and gets round to our rear very much as he likes.”” Yet alongside the conquest came a series of atrocities.    At the Parit Sulong Bridge south of the Muar, Captain Rewi Snelling was left behind with 150 wounded Australian and Indian soldiers not able to trek south. The Imperial guards division herded them into buildings, denied them medical treatment, many of the Indians were beheaded, others shot. This become known as the parit sulong massacre. Its hard to saw what Yamashita would have known about this incident, it technically was under the command of Takuma nishimura. On January 22nd, Nishimura gave the orders for prisoners to be forced outside, doused with petrol and set on fire. Nishimura would be sentenced to life in prison by a Singapore court, but on a flight back to Japan he was hijacked by Australian military police in Hong Kong who grabbed him and held a trial for the Parit Sulong massacre, finding him guilty and hanging him on june 11th of 1951.    When the Japanese reached the straits of Johore, Yamashita took several days to perform reconnaissance, allowing his forces to regroup and prepare to attack the massive fortress. His plan for the invasion would see the Imperial guards perform a feint attack on the northeast side of Singapore, landing on the nearby Palau Ubin island on february 7th. The 5th and 18th division would remain concealed in the jungle until the night of the night of the 8th when they would cross the Johore and hit the northwest side of Singapore. The causeway to Singapore had been blown up by the retreating British, but the ability for Singapore to defend itself from a northern attack was lackluster. When Churchill was told by Wavell the Japanese sat on the other side of the Johore strait ready to attack the fortress he said ““I must confess to being staggered by Wavell's telegram. It never occurred to me for a moment that … Singapore … was not entirely fortified against an attack from the Northwards …””   With barely enough supplies or logistical support for his campaign, Yamashita's rapid advance down the Malay peninsula walked a tightrope of what was possible. His 70,000 men of which 30,000 were frontline troops had overcome a British force double their number. In Japan he garnered the epithet “Tiger of Malaya”, which ironically he was not too happy about. Later on in the war he would bark at a German attache “I am not a tiger. The tiger attacks its prey in stealth but I attack the enemy in a fair play”.   By this point Singapore had swollen from a population of 550,000to nearly a million. Percival had a total of 70,000 infantry of mixed experience plus 15,000 clerks and support staff to man lines if necessary. 38 battalions, 17 Indian, 13 British, 6 Australian and 2 Malayan. He placed his weakest troops west of the causeway, near the abandoned naval base rather than nearby the airfield which he considered was going to be Yamashita's thrust. He placed his best forces over there, which would prove fatally wrong as Yamashita hit west of the causeway. Yamashita meanwhile could only muster 30,000 troops, he was outnumbered 2:1 and amphibious assaults called for the attacker to hold a 2:1 advantage for success. Yamashita's men were exhausted, they had suffered 4565 casualties, roughly 1793 deaths in their 55 day advance south. Worse yet, Yamashita had a critical supply issue. He had greatly exceeded his supply lines and had been surviving on the abandoned churchill stores along the way. His ammunition was critical low, it is said he was down to 18 functional tanks, allowing his men to fire 100 rounds per day, the fuel ran out, and as Yamashita put it “My attack on Singapore was a bluff—a bluff that worked. I had 30,000 men and was outnumbered more than three to one. I knew that if I had to fight for long for Singapore, I would be beaten. That is why the surrender had to be at once. I was very frightened all the time that the British would discover our numerical weakness and lack of supplies and force me into disastrous street fighting.” He told his men of the 5th and 18th division not to build any cooking fires so they could conceal their positions in the jungle as he gathered hundreds of collapsible boats and other crafts to ford the strait. He gathered 40 divisional commanders and senior officers to a rubber plantation and with a flushed red face read out his attack orders while pouring them Kikumasamune (ceremonial wine). He made a traditional toast and said “It is a good place to die; surely we shall conquer”. He had to get the British to surrender quickly, he had to essentially ‘bluff” his enemy. He had to make the British think he was fully armed and supplied for a prolonged siege, how could he do so? He fired his artillery like a mad man, knowing full well they would run out of shells.   Starting on February 3rd,  Yamashita's artillery supported by aerial bombings hit Singapore for 5 days. On the night of the 7th, 400 Imperial Guards crossed to the Ibin island performing their feint attack. Percivals attention was grabbed to the east successfully, while on the night of the 8th the 5th and 18th divisions assembled carefully at the water's edge. At 8:30pm the first wave of 4000 Japanese troops crossed the Johore strait aboard 150 small vessels. The noise of their engines was drowned out by artillery. The thinly spread Australian lines, 3000 or so men led by Major General Bennet were breached fast leading to pockets of surrounded australian troops. As Lewis Gunner cliff olsen recalled “We were horribly spread out and it was pitch black and they [Japanese troops] were very hard to see. They walked through us half the time.” A beachhead was formed, a soon 14,000 Japanese had crossed by dawn.    Communications broke down for the allies, Percival unwilling to believe the Japanese's main thrust was in the west declined to send reinforcements there. When he did finally realize the main thrust was in the west he began to withdraw troops from quiet sectors and built up a reserve. The Japanese held air supremacy and their artillery was fierce. The big 15 inch guns of singapore held mostly armor piercing shells designed to hit ships, there were few HE shells available. When they fired upon the Japanese the shells would hit the ground they would embed deeply before exploding doing little damage. The defenders had no tanks, basically no more aircraft. The last departing ships fled the scene as everything was burning chaos around them. Morale was breaking for the defenders. By the 9th, Japanese bombers were raining bombs on allied positions unopposed. Bennet was forced to pull men back to a new line of defense from the east of the Tengah airfield to the north of Jurong. Poor communications hampered the northern sector of Brigadier Duncan Maxwell whose troops actually battered the hell out of the Imperial Guards who had landed at 10pm on the 9th. The Imperial guards gradually managed a foothold on a beach, but Maxwell feared encirclement and withdrew his men against direct orders of Bennet. The retreat opened up the flank of the 11th indian division who were overrun. All of the beaches west of the causeway fell to the enemy, when they did Yamashita brought over his tanks to smash the new Jurong line. The Japanese could have potentially stormed the city center at this point, but they held back, because in reality, Percival had created a formidable reserve in the middle. The Australian 22nd brigade took the brunt of the fighting.    Yamashita was running out of reserves and his attacks were reaching their limit, but he needed the battle to end swiftly. Yamashita was shocked and shaken when he received a report that the British troop strength within the city was twice what they believed. With covert desperation, Yamashita ordered his artillery to fire until their last rounds and sent Percival a demand for surrender. “In the spirit of chivalry we have the honour of advising your surrender. Your army, founded on the traditional spirit of Great Britain, is defending Singapore, which is completely isolated, and raising the fame of Great Britain by the ut¬ most exertions and heroic feelings. . . . From now on resistance is futile and merely increases the danger to the million civilian inhabitants without good reason, exposing them to infliction of pain by fire and sword. But the development of the general war situation has already sealed the fate of Singapore, and the continuation of futile resistance would only serve to inflict direct harm and in¬ juries to thousands of non-combatants living in the city, throwing them into further miseries and horrors of war. Furthermore we do not feel you will in¬ crease the fame of the British Army by further resistance.”   Singapore had received another order prior to this from Churchill “It is certain that our troops on Singapore Island greatly outnumber any Japanese that have crossed the Straits. We must defeat them. Our whole fighting reputation is at stake and the honour of the British Empire. The Americans have held out on the Bataan Peninsula against far greater odds, the Russians are turning back the picked strength of the Germans, the Chinese with almost complete lack of mod¬ ern equipment have held the Japanese for AVi years. It will be disgraceful if we yield our boasted fortress of Singapore to inferior enemy forces. There must be no thought ofsparing troops or the civil population and no mercy must be shown to weakness in any shape or form. Commanders and senior officers must lead their troops and if necessary die with them. There must be no question or thought of surrender. Every unit must fight it out to the end and in close contact with the enemy. ... I look to you and your men to fight to the end to prove that the fighting spirit that won our Empire still exists to enable us to defend it.”   What was Percival to do? The Japanese had seized control over Singapore water reservoirs, the population would die of thirst within 2-3 days. Japanese shells were causing fires and death everywhere. People were panicking, trying to get on the very last boats leaving the port, even though that surely meant death to the IJN. An American sailor recalled “There was a lot of chaos and people killed on the docks during these bombardments. Everywhere you looked there was death. Even in the water there were dead sharks and people floating all around.” Defeatism was endemic. Australian troops were overheard saying “Chum, to hell with Malaya and Singapore. Navy let us down, air force let us down. If the bungs [natives] won't fight for their bloody country, why pick on me?” Sensing a complete collapse Percival formed a tight defense arc in front of the city, and by the 13th his commanders were telling him they believed Singapore was already doomed. Wavell was asked for approval for surrender, but he replied  “to continue to inflict maximum damage on enemy for as long as possible by house-to-house fighting if necessary.” Percival then told him the water reservoirs were taken, so Wavell sent back “YOUR GALLANT STAND IS SERVING A PURPOSE AND MUST BE CONTINUED TO THE LIMIT OF ENDURANCE”   On the 15th, Percival held a morning conference reported there was no more fuel, field gun nor bofor ammunition. In 24 hours their water would be done. He told them he would ask for a ceasefire at 4pm, by the end of the day Wavell gave him permission to surrender. Over at his HQ on the Bukit Timah heights, Yamashita was staring at a Union Jack fluttering over Fort Canning. Then a field phone rang, and a frontline commander reported the British were sending out a flag of truce.   Meanwhile back on February the 14th, Japanese forces reached the Alexandra Barracks hospital at 1pm. At 1:40pm a British Lt greeting them waving a white flag and was bayoneted on the spot. The Japanese stormed the hospital and murdered the staff and patients. 200 male staff and patients, badly wounded were bound over night and marched to an industrial estate half a mile away. Anyone who collapsed was bayoneted. The survivors of the march were formed into small groups and hacked to death or bayoneted. For a few days over 320 men and women were massacred. Only 5 survivors would give recounts of the event. It is suspected by historians that Tsuji was the architect of the Alexandra hospital massacre. This is because he was the instigator of countless atrocities he ordered unbeknownst to his superior commanders such as Yamashita.    Percival was ordered to go to the Ford motor factory to where he met with Yamashita. Yamashita was hiding his surprise that the surrender party came and as he glanced at the surrender terms he said through his interpreter “The Japanese Army will consider nothing but surrender,” Yamashita knew his forces were on the verge of running out of ammunition and he still held half troops Percival did, he was anxious Percival would figure it out. Percival replied “I fear that we shall not be able to submit our final reply before ten-thirty p.m.,” Percival had no intention of fighting on he simply wanted to work out specific details before signing the surrender. Yamashita was sure Percival was stalling. “Reply to us only whether our terms are acceptable or not. Things must be settled swiftly. We are prepared to resume firing.Unless you do surrender, we will have to carry out our night attack as scheduled.”” Percival replied ““Cannot the Japanese Army remain in its present position? We can resume negotiations again tomorrow at five-thirty A.M”. Yamashita screamed “Nani! I want the hostilities to cease tonight and I want to remind you there can be no arguments.” Percival replied ““We shall discontinue firing by eight-thirty p.m. Had we better remain in our present positions tonight?” Yamashita said yes and that firing would cease at 8:30pm and that 1000 allied men could keep arms to maintain order within the city. Yamashita stated “You have agreed to the terms but you have not yet made yourself clear as to whether you agree to surrender or not.” Percival cleared his throat and gave a simple nod. Yamashita looked at his interpreter “There's no need for all this talk. It is a simple question and I want a simple answer.” He turned to Percival and shouted, “We want to hear ‘Yes' or ‘No' from you! Surrender or fight!” Percival finally blurted out  “Yes, I agree. I have a request to make. Will the Imperial Army protect the women and children and British civilians?”Yamashita replied  “We shall see to it. Please sign this truce agreement”. At 7:50 the surrender was signed off, 40 minutes later Singapore was in the hands of the Japanese. In 70 days Yamashita took at the cost of 9824 casualties, had seized Malaya and Singapore, nearly 120,000 British surrendered. It was the greatest land victory in Japanese history.   Churchill called the fall of Singapore to the Japanese "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history" Churchills physician Lord Moran wrote The fall of Singapore on February 15 stupefied the Prime Minister. How came 100,000 men (half of them of our own race) to hold up their hands to inferior numbers of Japanese? Though his mind had been gradually prepared for its fall, the surrender of the fortress stunned him. He felt it was a disgrace. It left a scar on his mind. One evening, months later, when he was sitting in his bathroom enveloped in a towel, he stopped drying himself and gloomily surveyed the floor: 'I cannot get over Singapore', he said sadly   With the fall of singapore came another atrocity, the Sook Ching massacre. After February 18th, the Japanese military began mass killings of what they deemed undesirables, mostly ethnic Chinese. It was overseen by the Kempeitai and did not stop in Singapore, but spread to Malaya. It seems the aim of the purge was to intimidate the Chinese community from performing any resistance. According to postwar testimony taken from a war correspondent embedded with the 25th army, Colonel Hishakari Takafumi, he stated an order went out to kill 50,000 Chinese, of which 20 percent of the total was issued by senior officials on Yamashita's operations staff, most likely Tsuji. It is certain at the behest of Tsuji the orders were extended to Malay. The death toll is a tricky one, the Japanese went on the record to admit to 6000 murders, the Singaporean Chinese community and the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew allege 70,000-100,000. Historians analyzing the scale of discovered mass graves after some decades think around 25,000-50,000. How much Yamashita knew of the massacre is debatable, the orders came from his office after all, but it seems Tsuji had orchestrated it. Many of Japan's generals wanted Yamashita to be appointed war minister, a move that obviously threatened then Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, who feared his rival. Tojo retaliated, ordering Japan's new war hero back to Manchuria. On the surface, the assignment appeared worthy as Yamashita would serve as the first line of defense against a possible Soviet invasion. But since the two nations had signed a neutrality pact in April 1941, and Soviets were bogged down fighting the Germans, immediate war appeared unlikely. In reality, Tojo had parked Yamashita on the war's sidelines. Tojo went even further, he barred Yamashita any leave in Tokyo, preventing him from visiting his wife as well as from delivering a speech he had written for the emperor. No worries though, an aide of Yamashita's sent him three geishas. Allegedly he said this “I know they want to please me with these girls. But send them back—and don't forget to tip them.” The Tiger of Malaya would maintain a low profile in Manchuria where he received a promotion to full General. As months fell to years Yamashita sat on the sidelines helpless to aid the Japanese forces. His exile would come to an end in 1944 when Tojo was outed and the Tiger was required to try and save the Philippines from General Douglas MacArthur.

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