Podcasts about Saxony

EU STRUGGLES WITH RUSSIAN ASSETS AND AID Colleague Judy Dempsey. Judy Dempsey discusses the EU's difficulty in utilizing frozen Russian assets and the "defeat" for Chancellor Merz regarding the funding mechanism for Ukraine. NUMBER 1 1890 SAXONY

Ferdinand wanted to make cars for the people, but the Porsche brand we know is an empire of performance. Dave Young: Welcome to the Empire Builders Podcast, teaching business owners the not-so-secret techniques that took famous businesses from mom and pop to major brands. Stephen Semple is a marketing consultant, story collector, and storyteller. I’m Stephen’s sidekick and business partner, Dave Young. Before we get into today’s episode, a word from our sponsor, which is, well, it’s us, but we’re highlighting ads we’ve written and produced for our clients, so here’s one of those. [ASAP Commercial Doors Ad] Dave Young: Welcome to The Empire Builders Podcast. It’s the podcast where we talk about empires that were built, businesses, business empires. You know what we… If you’ve listened before, you know… Stephen Semple: Something like that. I get it. Businesses that have done pretty well over the years. Dave Young: They started small. Stephen Semple: They started small. Dave Young: They started small and then they got big. They got so big to the point that you could call them an empire. Stephen Semple: That’s it. That’s the idea. Dave Young: It’s a pretty simple premise. Stephen Semple: That’s it. Dave Young: So as we counted down, Steve told me the topic today and it’s Porsche. Stephen Semple: Yes, sir. Dave Young: Porsche. I’m assuming this is the car. Stephen Semple: The car, yes, the car. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: The car. Dave Young: And I’m trying to… I know some Porsche jokes, but I probably shouldn’t tell those on this show. I’m trying to think if I’ve ever actually been in a Porsche. Stephen Semple: Oh, well then you’ve got to come up and see me, Dave. Dave Young: You own one. I know you own one. Stephen Semple: Well, I have one. Bernier’s got two. I don’t know how many Steve has. Dave Young: I see how it is. I see how it is. Maybe I will tell my Porsche joke. So you guys that own them, do you call it Porscha? Because some of us just say Porsche. Stephen Semple: Well, if you actually take a look back, that’s the proper German pronunciation as Porsche. Dave Young: Porsche, okay. Stephen Semple: And it’s supposed to not be… It’s not Italian Porsche, right? So it’s Porsche. Dave Young: Porsche, Porsche. Okay, I’ll accept that. I’ll accept that. I’m guessing we’re- Stephen Semple: Well, look, you got to always call a dealership to double check. They’ll tell you. Dave Young: Now, if I had to guess where we’re headed to start this off sometime around the 40s, maybe earlier. Stephen Semple: A little earlier than that, actually. It was founded by Ferdinand Porsche in 1931 in Stuttgart, Germany. You’re not far off. But the interesting thing is where the growth really happened, even though that’s when it was founded, when things really started to happen, was actually post-World War II. Dave Young: That makes sense. Stephen Semple: You’re correct on that. Dave Young: So, it started in 31 and by the time you hit the late 30s and 40s, you’re part of the war machine. Stephen Semple: Yes. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: So it was founded in 1931, Stuttgart, Germany by Ferdinand. And when we take a look at the history of the business for a very long time, they were a part of the VW group, although they were recently spun off into their own separate business. And there’s a lot of shared history between VW and Porsche. A lot of people make fun of the fact that it’s basically a VW. There’s so much connection. Now here’s the other thing is, there’s a lot of connection in Nazi Germany here as well. And I mean- Dave Young: That’s what I was intimating but trying not to say, but yes, there was definitely. Stephen Semple: And not one of these ones of, “Oh, I’m a business and I got sucked up into the machine.” I mean, very early on. Very early on. Ferdinand was a member of the SS following the war, both he and his son were charged. Dave Young: No kidding. Stephen Semple: He served two years in jail. His son six months. So we’re not talking loose connections here. He was a buddy of Adolf. Let’s just put it out there. And if you remember, going back to episode 21, VW was founded by Nazi Germany. So episode 21 about The Beetle, and Ferdinand was the guy who designed the Beetle. Dave Young: Right, right. I remember you saying that, Ferdinand Porsche. Stephen Semple: And look, Porsche has not always had the success it has today. It’s become pretty big. They do 40 billion EU in sales. They have 40,000 employees. They make 300,000 cars. There was a time that they’re making cars in the hundreds and thousands. It wasn’t that long ago. But let’s go back to Germany to the early 1900s. And if we think about Germany at that time, pre-World War II, pre-World War I, there was lots of history of engineering and science in Germany. More Nobel Prizes in Science was awarded to Germany than anywhere else in the world at that time. Dave Young: Right. Stephen Semple: Germany was a real leader in science and engineering. And the first commercial automobile was made in Germany by Mercedes-Benz. So it’s 1906 and Daimler recruits Ferdinand because Ferdinand had been the winner of the Pottingham [inaudible 00:06:05] Prize, which is the automotive engineer of the year, which is given to new chief engineers and basically allows the person to have this designated doctor engineer honoris causa, Ferdinand Porsche. And he would go around calling himself all of that. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: And this is an honorary doctorate because he never actually finished college, but he had real engineering chops, Ferdinand. So he moves to Stuttgart, which at the time is a center of car making in Germany, including all the suppliers. And he works for Benz for 20 years. Okay. Now, it’s Germany in the 1930s and 2% of the population own a car in Germany as compared to the United States, which is 30%. Dave Young: In that time? Stephen Semple: In that time. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: Ferdinand comes up with this idea of we should make an inexpensive car. We shouldn’t be making car for the wealthy. We should make an inexpensive car. The board rejects the idea. Ferdinand leaves in 1929. And in 1931… Kicks around for a few years, and then 1931 starts a consulting firm. Now, this dude knew how to name things. You’re ready for the name of the company? Dave Young: Of the consulting firm? Stephen Semple: Of the consulting firm. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: I have to read this to get it right. The Doctor Engineer Honoris Causa Ferdinand Porsche Construction and Consulting and Design Services for Motor Vehicles. Dave Young: Now, if I know anything about German, that was all one word that you just said, right? Stephen Semple: Well- Dave Young: No spaces in between any of those words. Stephen Semple: Translated, you’ll see it as Dr. in H period, C period, F period, Porsche, capital G, small M, small B, capital H. Dave Young: It just rolls off the tongue, doesn’t it? Stephen Semple: Now, here’s the crazy thing. Up until 2009, that remained the official name of the company. You actually can find, if you see Porsche’s older than that, that if you look for that, it’ll be stamped somewhere in the car that that’s the manufacturer. Dave Young: They changed it finally because it was just too expensive to- Stephen Semple: It cost too much- Dave Young: Put that many letters in a dye cast. Stephen Semple: Exactly, exactly. Dave Young: Holy cow. Stephen Semple: So it’s 1934 and they land a contract with Germany to design a small affordable car for the people called the Volkswagen. Dave Young: Volkswagen. Stephen Semple: Beetle. Right, there you go. Now, here’s the thing that’s weird. Post World War II, the allies are in trying to rebuild Germany and no one owns VW. VW was owned by the state. So now it’s in the hands of the British and the British and the allies want to create a strong economy in West Germany because it’s now the Cold War. So the big defense to defending against East Germany and the expansion of communism is to really get the economy going in Germany. And so the British government, as we know from episode 21 about the Beetle, approached Porsche who designed it and said, “Help us get this car built.” And this is where it gets just a little bit weird because the son goes in one direction. Ferdinand’s doing his own thing. They both got arrested for war crimes. Son gets out first because he did six months. And his son’s name’s Ferry and his dad is in jail for two years. So between this time where dad’s still in jail and son’s out, here’s one of the things they did towards the end of the war. We don’t know exactly how many, but it was probably about 20 of their best engineers and they moved them out into the farmland of Austria and basically had them working in a barn because they didn’t want to get them arrested or killed, quite frankly. So Ferry gets out and he goes to this barn in Austria and he’s looking around and he goes, “What the heck are we going to do to make some money? Let’s start fixing up cars.” Now, not a huge business fixing up cars. It’s post-war and there weren’t a lot of cars in Germany anyway, but they had to do something. Then the dad gets out of jail and he ends up doing this work with Volkswagen. Now, here’s what’s interesting. And this is where the really tight ties between Porsche and Volkswagen start. The deal that the German government gives Ferdinand, the deal that the allies give Ferdinand is this. Dave Young: Stay tuned. We’re going to wrap up this story and tell you how to apply this lesson to your business right after this. [Using Stories to Sell Ad] Dave Young: Let’s pick up our story where we left off and trust me you haven’t missed a thing. Stephen Semple: The deal that the allies give Ferdinand is this. We want your help designing and distributing this car. We will give you a royalty for every VW Beetle sold worldwide. Dave Young: Wow, that’s pretty generous. Stephen Semple: Well, no one knew it was going to be such a huge success and basically go for 50 years that car was being built. Dave Young: Right, right. Stephen Semple: So for a long time, the biggest source of revenue for Porsche was royalties on VW Beetle sales. Dave Young: Wow, okay. So it really- Stephen Semple: Isn’t that crazy? Dave Young: It really wouldn’t exist if that deal hadn’t been made. Stephen Semple: May not have, may not have. Now, meanwhile, Ferry, who has design chops of his own and loves cars, started tinkering around with vehicles. And what he started to do was put big engines in small cars. There was all these Beetle parts lying around. He would build a car, this little car, and he’d put a big engine in it. And if you go back in the time, if you go back and take a look in the late 30s, early 40s, and you take a look at Ferraris and things like that, you take a look at the race cars at the time, they were two-thirds engines. They’re these massive engines. So he went the opposite direction. He said, “Well, let’s take a little car and put a big engine in it.” And he’s driving around and he goes, “This is fun.” Because he’s basing it on parts lying around, which is the VW stuff. It’s an engine in the back. This becomes the Porsche 356, which is basically Porsche’s first car. So they start making this car and they wanted to make it somewhat affordable. So the price was $3,750, which would be $42,000 today. And they also wanted to have it as being a daily driver because again, everybody else making performance cars were not daily drivers, had a trunk, bunch of things, daily driver. And this is an important part of Porsche’s DNA. We’re going to come back to this a little bit later, this idea of it being a daily driver. So coming out of World War II, sports cars, industry’s happening and everybody’s got one. MG and Jag in the UK, there’s Ferrari in Italy, you get the idea. Now, one thing I forgot to mention that’s interesting and still today, the government state of Lower Saxony, which is basically would be the state, they still own 20% of Volkswagen. Dave Young: Really? Okay. Stephen Semple: I forgot to mention that. Dave Young: Who are they now? Stephen Semple: Well, Volkswagen’s still around. Volkswagen’s still- Dave Young: No, who is the Saxony? Stephen Semple: Well, it’d be like saying the state of Texas. It’s a state. Dave Young: Okay, it’s just a part of Germany. Stephen Semple: Part of Germany and that government still owns 20% of the company. Dave Young: What a world. Stephen Semple: Now there’s all this stimulus going on in Germany to try to get the economy going. One of the things that they did, there was a really interesting tax rate. There was an interesting tax structure. There was a very high marginal tax rate. Now, ordinary people were taxed at 15%, but the marginal tax rate could go as high as 95%. And the reason why they wanted to do this was create this incentive for reinvestment. So there’s all this… As they’re making money, there’s this heavy reinvestment. And in the early 50s, racing is really exploding. Automobile racing is really exploding, but the lines between professional and amateur is blurry. If you remember, James Dean and Steve McQueen and other actors, Paul Newman, were all racing. Dave Young: Right. Stephen Semple: They’re all racing vehicles. And Jaguar and Porsche were trying to do the same thing in terms of creating this daily driver that you could race. Now in the end, Porsche won, and I think part of it is because quite frankly, they just built a better vehicle. There was a time where the joke with Jaguars was you had to own two because one would always be in the shop and one… And going back to the early DNA, Ferry Porsche was quoted as saying, “We have the only car that can go from an East African safari to race in the Le Mans to take out to theater and then drive on the streets in New York.” Dave Young: Wow, okay. Stephen Semple: And look, today, Porsche still heavily advertises that. They will advertise a Porsche driving through the snow with ski racks on it. And not their SUVs, the 911. This is very much part of it. And if you think about it, this parallels what Rolex did in the early days. You remember from episode 184 with Rolex. Rolex, the Submariner, the Explorer. Dave Young: Target by niche. Stephen Semple: Target by niche and make it tough and something that you could use and wear day to day. So it’s 1954 and Porsche’s selling 588 cars and about 40% of them is in the US. So really what’s making things hum with them is all those Beetle sales. And it’s the ’60s, the Ford Mustang comes out, the Jag E type comes out, the Austin-Healey comes out, and Porsche decides they need a new vehicle. And they were going to do a sedan, a four door sedan. But what they realized was they didn’t really want to compete with Mercedes and BMW. So they looked around at the other German car manufacturers and they said, “You know what? That’s probably not the place to go.” They had designed it up and that project failed. They had also been working on a six cylinder Boxter engine. So Boxter engine, the cylinders are opposed, so they’re like boxing. And the whole idea is that lowers the center of gravity of the weight of the engine. And they had a project that they were working on that that didn’t go ahead. So they stepped back and they went, “Maybe what we should do is just reduce the size of the sedan and put that engine in it.” That’s what they did. And that became the Porsche 901. Except there’s a problem. Peugeot had the copyright for zero in the middle of a bunch of numbers in France. They couldn’t call it the 901 because of that copyright. Dave Young: So they called it- Stephen Semple: So they called it the 911. And that’s now the iconic Porsche car. 1966, they sell 13,000 of these cars. Now, here’s the thing that I think is very interesting. And Porsche, as far as I could figure out, is the only car manufacturer that does this. First of all, they’ve maintained the 911 forever, but even on top of that, Porsche really understands design language. We can all recognize a Porsche. Dave Young: Right. Stephen Semple: We can recognize one from 2020. We can recognize one from 1999. We can recognize one from 1970. Even though they’ve upgraded the technology, they’ve changed the design of the car. They’ve now come out with the Cayman and the Macan and the Cayenne. They’re all recognizable as that vehicle. They’ve done a great job of doing that. I think that was a lost opportunity, frankly, when Tesla came out because they had a clean design slate. Tesla could have done that. But I think that’s really interesting how they’ve managed to maintain, even though they’ll modernize it. In our minds, we still will see one and go, “That’s a Porsche.” Dave Young: Sure. And the great car brands are able to do that. Stephen Semple: Yes. Dave Young: Audi is always going to be an Audi. Volvo is always going to look like a Volvo. And in the Portals class at Wizard Academy, one of the videos that I use to demonstrate that, there’s a language. If you combine specific shapes and specific lines, that all adds up to that brand of car. And so I’ve got an old video that I got when I was in the Motor Press Guild from Audi. It was just a video that was made for journalists with an Audi designer explaining all the lines on the car when they came out with the Q7 and how it still maintained the Audi design language. It was fascinating. Stephen Semple: It is. Dave Young: So Porsche could tell you that and the cool thing is those designers can tell you that. It’s hard for you and I to go, “Well, I can look at it and say, “That’s a Porsche.” But to be able to put it into words that describe it to someone else, is a gift. Stephen Semple: What’s really interesting, my nephew, Jeffrey, he loves Audi’s. That’s what he has. And he’ll even make the comment, he doesn’t like the Porsche’s because you feel like you’re in a bubble. Audis are very square. If you look at the back of an Audi and you look at the rear end of a Porsche, it has hips. But again, he’s even, “They’re great cars, but I like the squareness of the Audi.” So that’s interesting. Dave Young: Audi Audi has a fairly, not perpendicular, but an upright grill more so than a … And that’s part of their design language. Stephen Semple: So the whole DNA of Porsche came from this whole idea of a small car. Dave Young: Big engine. Stephen Semple: Big engine, daily driver, that was the whole idea is, it’s supposed to be a car that you can drive every day. That’s the core, core, core, core principle. That’s why they always have decent sized trunks. I remember when Gary bought his Boxter, one of the things he loved about it is you can actually put two sets of golf clubs in that car. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: Right? Now, here’s what’s fun. There was a time where when they were really wanting to get things going, they did some great print advertisements. So they had ads like bug killer. Another one was calling it transportation is like calling sex reproduction. Dave Young: Okay. Stephen Semple: Now, two of my favorites, one was not perfect. It would list 20 or 30 races that Porsche won. And if you actually read it, there was two that it didn’t. Dave Young: That they didn’t, “We didn’t win all the races.” Stephen Semple: So not perfect. Dave Young: That could have been driver error. Stephen Semple: That could have been. But Dave, you were going to make some jokes. Porsche’s able to laugh at itself. It actually had an ad that said, “Small penis? Have I got a car for you? If you’re going to overcompensate, then by all means, overcompensate.” Dave Young: I love it, I love it. Well, and that’s always the thing, the jokes are not about the car. Stephen Semple: But they actually ran that ad and I believe it ran in Car and Driver Magazine. I cannot imagine getting that ad approved. Dave Young: That’s amazing. Stephen Semple: And look, their own drivers are like, “Yeah, whatever.” Dave Young: Sure, compensating all I want. Absolutely. I love that story. Well, thank you, Stephen. I love the story of Porsche. Stephen Semple: There you go. Dave Young: And get out there and enjoy it or just buy me one and send it here. Thank you. Stephen Semple: All right, thanks, David. Dave Young: Thanks for listening to the podcast. Please share us. Subscribe on your favorite podcast app and leave us a big fat, juicy five-star rating and review at Apple Podcasts. And if you’d like to schedule your own 90-minute Empire Building session, you can do it at empirebuildingprogram.com.

In this week's Talking Travel, Rory talks to TV Personality and star of shows like Changing Rooms and more recently Outrageous Homes, Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, about his experience and fondness of Saxony, a state in Germany, as a location to spend Christmas.

Each Disney Princess movie is set in a different time and part of the world. For many they are a first glimpse of history and cultures outside of our own. But have you ever wondered what life was really like for your favorite Disney Princess? Let's take a look at each of Disney's 16 animated Princesses, including the latest addition, Asha, to determine where and when they are most likely set. Then I'll match each iconic princess to a real-life royal woman from the same time and place. So we can get a sense of what life without witches, curses and singing animal sidekicks was really like. In some cases there are interesting similarities; Eugénie de Montijo really did go from rags to riches like Cinderella, Catherine of Valois was a sleeping beauty like Aurora and Mihrimah Sultan was a respected leader like Jasmine. So put on your ballgown and tiara, or strap on your armor and let's compare Disney Princesses to real history! Part 1: Snow White - Maria Anna of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria Cinderella - Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French Aurora (Sleeping Beauty) - Catherine of Valois, Queen of England Ariel (The Little Mermaid) - Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark Belle (Beauty and the Beast) - Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France Jasmine (Aladdin) - Mihrimah Sultan, Ottoman Princess Pocahontas - The historic Pocahontas Mulan - Xiao, Empress of the Sui dynasty Part 2: Tiana (The Princess and the Frog) - Ariana Austin Makonnen, Princess of Ethiopia Rapunzel (Tangled) - Louise of Prussia, Princess of the Netherlands Merida (Brave) - Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England Elsa & Anna (Frozen) - Princess Eugénie of Sweden & Norway Moana - Nafanua, Ali'i of Samoa Raya and the Last Dragon - Trưng Sisters of Vietnam Asha (Wish) - Fatima bint al-Ahmar, Princess of the Emirate of Granada Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Dream Of The Ancestor by Asher Fulero #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday Please contact ⁠advertising@airwavemedia.com⁠ if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Christmas in Germany carries a depth and detail that shaped many of the world's most familiar holiday customs. From Advent wreaths glowing on winter evenings to the aroma of spiced markets and the gentle presence of Christkind, German Christmas traditions reflect centuries of Christian devotion, regional identity, and storytelling. Many of the images that Americans and other nations now consider "classic Christmas" took root in German homes long before crossing the Atlantic through immigrant families. For genealogists, these customs are especially revealing. The German-speaking world is not a single cultural block; it is a set of regions with their own rituals, dialects, and gift-bringers. Whether an ancestor came from Bavaria, the Rhineland, Saxony, or one of the historic kingdoms or principalities, their Christmas practices offer clues to where they lived, what they believed, and how they observed the Nativity. Germany's Christmas traditions did not emerge suddenly. They formed through centuries of Christian worship, household customs, artistic craft, and local practice. In this article, we explore these traditions with attention to the Nativity story, the gift-givers who visit German homes, the importance of Advent, and the genealogical hints preserved in these cultural details... Podcast Notes: https://ancestralfindings.com/christmas-traditions-in-germany/ Ancestral Findings Podcast: https://ancestralfindings.com/podcast This Week's Free Genealogy Lookups: https://ancestralfindings.com/lookups Genealogy Giveaway: https://ancestralfindings.com/giveaway Genealogy eBooks: https://ancestralfindings.com/ebooks Follow Along: https://www.facebook.com/AncestralFindings https://www.instagram.com/ancestralfindings https://www.youtube.com/ancestralfindings Support Ancestral Findings: https://ancestralfindings.com/support https://ancestralfindings.com/paypal  #Genealogy #AncestralFindings #GenealogyClips

Each Disney Princess movie is set in a different time and part of the world. For many they are a first glimpse of history and cultures outside of our own. But have you ever wondered what life was really like for your favorite Disney Princess? Let's take a look at each of Disney's 16 animated Princesses, including the latest addition, Asha, to determine where and when they are most likely set. Then I'll match each iconic princess to a real-life royal woman from the same time and place. So we can get a sense of what life without witches, curses and singing animal sidekicks was really like. In some cases there are interesting similarities; Eugénie de Montijo really did go from rags to riches like Cinderella, Catherine of Valois was a sleeping beauty like Aurora and Mihrimah Sultan was a respected leader like Jasmine. So put on your ballgown and tiara, or strap on your armor and let's compare Disney Princesses to real history! Part 1: Snow White - Maria Anna of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria Cinderella - Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French Aurora (Sleeping Beauty) - Catherine of Valois, Queen of England Ariel (The Little Mermaid) - Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark Belle (Beauty and the Beast) - Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France Jasmine (Aladdin) - Mihrimah Sultan, Ottoman Princess Pocahontas - The historic Pocahontas Mulan - Xiao, Empress of the Sui dynasty Part 2: Tiana (The Princess and the Frog) - Ariana Austin Makonnen, Princess of Ethiopia Rapunzel (Tangled) - Louise of Prussia, Princess of the Netherlands Merida (Brave) - Matilda of Scotland, Queen of England Elsa & Anna (Frozen) - Princess Eugénie of Sweden & Norway Moana - Nafanua, Ali'i of Samoa Raya and the Last Dragon - Trưng Sisters of Vietnam Asha (Wish) - Fatima bint al-Ahmar, Princess of the Emirate of Granada Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Dream Of The Ancestor by Asher Fulero #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday Please contact ⁠advertising@airwavemedia.com⁠ if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode we spotlight the calm and beautiful Saxony duck and we're joined by Marc and Katy Metzer as they announce the newest duck breed to be offered by the Metzer Farms. We share our recipe for Easy Black Forest Brownies and find some retail therapy waterfowl-themed Christmas ornaments.Grubbly Farms - click here for our affiliate link.https://www.anrdoezrs.net/click-100963304-15546963Pre and Probiotic and Vitamin and Electrolyte Powders!Bright and Early Coffee - use code CWTCL15 for 15% off of any bagged coffee. K Cups always ship free!https://brightandearlycoffee.com/Chicken Challengers - https://www.chickenchallengers.com/Omlet Coops- Use Our Affiliate Link and COFFEE10 code for 10% off!https://tidd.ly/3Uwt8BfBreed Spotlight is sponsored by Murray McMurray Hatcheryhttps://www.mcmurrayhatchery.com/Metzer Farms Waterfowlhttps://www.metzerfarms.com/Metzer Farms - Golden Cascade Ducks - https://www.metzerfarms.com/golden-cascade-ducks.html?srsltid=AfmBOoqje7vFlpZFhYv8JI52OOex8G1RmjWLf0poCBAo81me7yTzqAsnEaton Pet and Pasture - Use code COFFEE for a discount on first-time purchases.Nestera UShttps://nestera.us/cwtclUse our affiliate link above for 5% off your purchaseEasy Black Forest Brownies - https://coffeewiththechickenladies.com/farm-fresh-egg-recipes/easy-black-forest-brownies/CWTCL Websitehttps://coffeewiththechickenladies.com/CWTCL Etsy Shophttps://www.etsy.com/shop/CoffeeWChickenLadiesAs Amazon Influencers, we may receive a small commission from the sale of some items at no additional cost to consumers.CWTCL Amazon Recommendationshttps://www.amazon.com/shop/coffeewiththechickenladiesSupport the show

In this episode, we trace how small movements, bold revivals, and ordinary believers shaped the explosive growth of Protestant Christianity from Europe to America—and created the denominational family tree we're part of today.--The PursueGOD Truth podcast is the “easy button” for making disciples – whether you're looking for resources to lead a family devotional, a small group at church, or a one-on-one mentoring relationship. Join us for new episodes every Tuesday and Friday. Find resources to talk about these episodes at pursueGOD.org.Help others go "full circle" as a follower of Jesus through our 12-week Pursuit series.Click here to learn more about how to use these resources at home, with a small group, or in a one-on-one discipleship relationship.Got questions or want to leave a note? Email us at podcast@pursueGOD.org.Donate Now --Episode SummaryIn today's final episode of our Church History series, we trace how Protestantism crossed the Atlantic, sparked massive revival movements, and gave rise to the denominational landscape we see today. From the Moravians and the First Great Awakening to Pentecostalism and the modern church, this episode connects the dots and shows how the global church family took shape.1. The Moravians: The Spark Behind Modern MissionsWhere we left off last time.• Descendants of John Hus (the Hussites / Unity of the Brethren)• Refugees who fled to Count Zinzendorf's estate in Saxony (3–600 people total)Why they mattered:• Experienced a powerful renewal on Aug 13, 1727• Launched a 24/7 prayer chain that lasted 100 years• Sent more missionaries than all Protestants combined by 1760• Known for radical sacrifice—including missionaries willing to sell themselves into slavery• Mission field spread across the West Indies, Africa, Asia, and North AmericaThe John Wesley connection:• Wesley encountered Moravians during a terrifying storm at sea in 1736• Their fearless faith pushed him toward his own conversion• This eventually shaped the Methodist movement—the largest U.S. denomination by the 1850s2. The First Great Awakening (1730s–1740s)A transatlantic revival that birthed the modern evangelical identity—people committed not only to studying Scripture but sharing the gospel.The Big ThreeJohn Wesley – The Organizer• Anglican priest, Oxford “Holy Club” leader• Had his conversion at Aldersgate (“heart strangely warmed”)• Formed Methodist societies and class meetings• Emphasized holiness, discipline, and new birth• By his death: 72k British & 57k American MethodistsGeorge Whitefield – The Preacher• Electrifying communicator; could preach to 20k–30k without amplification• Crossed the Atlantic seven times, preaching across all 13 colonies• Popularized the phrase “born again”• First international Christian “celebrity”• Outdoor, mass evangelism pioneerJonathan Edwards – The Thinker• Pastor, theologian, philosophical genius• Sparked revival in Northampton (1734–35)• Wrote Religious Affections, the defining book of revival theology• Fired for restricting communion to true believers• Later became president of what is now Princeton• Legacy...

In this episode, we trace how small movements, bold revivals, and ordinary believers shaped the explosive growth of Protestant Christianity from Europe to America—and created the denominational family tree we're part of today.--The PursueGOD Truth podcast is the “easy button” for making disciples – whether you're looking for resources to lead a family devotional, a small group at church, or a one-on-one mentoring relationship. Join us for new episodes every Tuesday and Friday. Find resources to talk about these episodes at pursueGOD.org.Help others go "full circle" as a follower of Jesus through our 12-week Pursuit series.Click here to learn more about how to use these resources at home, with a small group, or in a one-on-one discipleship relationship.Got questions or want to leave a note? Email us at podcast@pursueGOD.org.Donate Now --Episode SummaryIn today's final episode of our Church History series, we trace how Protestantism crossed the Atlantic, sparked massive revival movements, and gave rise to the denominational landscape we see today. From the Moravians and the First Great Awakening to Pentecostalism and the modern church, this episode connects the dots and shows how the global church family took shape.1. The Moravians: The Spark Behind Modern MissionsWhere we left off last time.• Descendants of John Hus (the Hussites / Unity of the Brethren)• Refugees who fled to Count Zinzendorf's estate in Saxony (3–600 people total)Why they mattered:• Experienced a powerful renewal on Aug 13, 1727• Launched a 24/7 prayer chain that lasted 100 years• Sent more missionaries than all Protestants combined by 1760• Known for radical sacrifice—including missionaries willing to sell themselves into slavery• Mission field spread across the West Indies, Africa, Asia, and North AmericaThe John Wesley connection:• Wesley encountered Moravians during a terrifying storm at sea in 1736• Their fearless faith pushed him toward his own conversion• This eventually shaped the Methodist movement—the largest U.S. denomination by the 1850s2. The First Great Awakening (1730s–1740s)A transatlantic revival that birthed the modern evangelical identity—people committed not only to studying Scripture but sharing the gospel.The Big ThreeJohn Wesley – The Organizer• Anglican priest, Oxford “Holy Club” leader• Had his conversion at Aldersgate (“heart strangely warmed”)• Formed Methodist societies and class meetings• Emphasized holiness, discipline, and new birth• By his death: 72k British & 57k American MethodistsGeorge Whitefield – The Preacher• Electrifying communicator; could preach to 20k–30k without amplification• Crossed the Atlantic seven times, preaching across all 13 colonies• Popularized the phrase “born again”• First international Christian “celebrity”• Outdoor, mass evangelism pioneerJonathan Edwards – The Thinker• Pastor, theologian, philosophical genius• Sparked revival in Northampton (1734–35)• Wrote Religious Affections, the defining book of revival theology• Fired for restricting communion to true believers• Later became president of what is now Princeton• Legacy...

Who is this King of Glory?In the 17th and 18th centuries, the sport of fox throwing was a big attraction. Augustus II the Strong, the King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, was a champion fox thrower. He threw foxes to show off his strength, not his humanitarianism!David on the other hand, fought a lion and a bear because he was not just a shepherd, but a good shepherd.The King of Glory is our Good Shepherd.Oh, give ear, Shepherd of Israel, Thou who dost lead Joseph like a flock; Thou who art enthroned above the cherubim, shine forth!We will look at the facets of a diamond, who He is as our Shepherd.Psalm 80:1"I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep."John 10:11Our So What?The content of our conversation flows from who He faithfully reveals Himself to be, our Good Shepherd. What praise and confidence we have in our conversation with Him!Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen1 Timothy 1:17Brethren, let's pray for one another. "What a man is on his knees before God, that he is and nothing more." Robert Murray M'Cheynee Donation link:https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=G9JGGR5W97D64Alternatively, visit www.freerangepreacheronprayer.com and use the Donations tab.Assistant Editor: Seven Jefferson Gossard.www.freerangepreacheronprayer.comfreerangeprayer@gmail.comFacebook - Free Range Preacher MinistriesInstagram: freerangeministriesAll our Scripture quotes are drawn from the NASB 1977 edition.For access to the voice-over services of Richard Durrington, please visit RichardDurrington.com or email him at Durringtonr@gmail.comOur podcast art was designed by @sammmmmmmmm23 on InstagramSeason 007Episode 160

You can send a text, include contact info to get a response. The Convention of Plesswitz ends and war begins again August 11.  The focus is on driving Napoleon out of Germany and then the action turns to Scandinavia, to include Danish Holstein, with most of the focus on Norway.Napoleon's desperate attempts to defend Saxony end at the biggest battle in European history to that time.Allied war aims are becoming public, but there seems a disconnect between stated objectives and the reality of how things work out on the ground in Scandinavia, particularly for Norway.  Could there be hypocrisy?  No, never.  Power politics dominating our ideals?  Norway's war of Independence and the 17th of May, with the new constitution signed at Eidsvoll gets a look in the later half of the episode.  Before that we look at Bernadotte, Karl Johan or Charles John, the new crown prince and how Alexander actually wants HIM as the new king of France.  Bernadotte made various efforts to put himself forward and build a following in France, this is just a fascinating what if. 

Friedrich Merz reist nach Dresden – und erlebt einen Empfang voller sächsischer Tradition: Bergleute, Chorgesang, Brot und Salz. Dabei geht es beim Amtsantritt in Sachsen mit Ministerpräsident Michael Kretschmer vor allem über die großen Themen wie marode Infrastruktur, schwächelnde Autoindustrie und Zukunftsversprechen für „Silicon Saxony“. Tom Schmidtgen begleitet die Reise vor Ort und berichtet, warum der Kanzler zwar viel Nähe suchte, aber wenige Zusagen machte. Am Abend dann ein Hoffnungsschimmer: Der US-Chiphersteller GlobalFoundries kündigt Investitionen von über einer Milliarde Euro in Dresden an.Mehr dazu im Pro-Newsletter: „Industrie & Handel am Morgen“.  Das Berlin Playbook als Podcast gibt es jeden Morgen ab 5 Uhr. Gordon Repinski und das POLITICO-Team liefern Politik zum Hören – kompakt, international, hintergründig. Für alle Hauptstadt-Profis: Der Berlin Playbook-Newsletter bietet jeden Morgen die wichtigsten Themen und Einordnungen. Jetzt kostenlos abonnieren. Mehr von Host und POLITICO Executive Editor Gordon Repinski: Instagram: @gordon.repinski | X: @GordonRepinski. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

rWotD Episode 3077: Der Kongreß tanzt Welcome to random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 6 October 2025, is Der Kongreß tanzt.Der Kongress tanzt (English: The Congress Dances) is a German musical comedy film produced in 1931 by Ufa, directed by Erik Charell, starring Lilian Harvey as Christel Weinzinger, the glove seller, Willy Fritsch as Tsar Alexander I of Russia and his doppelgänger, Uralsky, Otto Wallburg as Bibikoff, his Adjutant, Conrad Veidt as Prince Metternich, Carl-Heinz Schroth as his Secretary, Pepi, Lil Dagover as the Countess and Alfred Abel as the King of Saxony.Der Kongress tanzt is a particularly well achieved move in Ufa's attempt to challenge US supremacy in the European film arena, taking advantage of the introduction of sound. As such, the studio released the movie in three different language versions (MLV): in German, in French as Le congrès s'amuse, and English as Congress Dances. Lilian Harvey played in all three versions, as she spoke all languages; Henri Garat replaced Willy Fritsch for the French and English versions.Ufa spared no efforts: the cast reads like a who's who of German film, from the top billers of the day to heavy-weight comedians - even the supporting cast is made out of stars. The sets were lavish and top talent made up the entire technical cast.Despite the ambition and the auspicious beginning, Ufa's challenge to US supremacy never materialized, both due to the strength of the Hollywood majors and to the constraints Germany's creative film and performers would suffer from 1933 onwards."This truffle of cinema unfolds its flavours like a heavenly feast for the anonymous millions it is dedicated to." Lichtbild-Bühne.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:22 UTC on Monday, 6 October 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Der Kongreß tanzt on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Bluesky at @wikioftheday.com.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Ayanda.

Prost! Fall is in the air, Oktoberfest is right around the corner, and certified Friend of the Pod® Stephen Kounas (President of Glashütte Original, North America) is back to drop even more knowledge – this time, he's schooling us on the sleepy Saxony town of Glashütte, as well as the brand's new dial manufactory which is now up and running. Catch yourself up from Stephen's last appearance on episode 39, and we'll see you out there. As always, you can reach the boys for questions and comments at podcast@topperjewelers.com. Thanks for your support, and thanks for listening! ⁠⁠Topper's Fall Event Calendar⁠⁠Follow the boys on Instagram: • Rob: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@robcaplan_topper⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠• Russ: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@russcaplan⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠• Zach: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@zachxryj⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠• Stephen: ⁠⁠@stephen_kounas⁠Mentions, wrist checks, and other notes from this week's episode: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠- Russ: neo-vintage ⁠⁠Glashütte Original Senator Navigator Panorama Date⁠- Rob: neo-vintage Glashütte Original Diver- Zach: ⁠Chopard LUC GMT One Black⁠- Stephen: ⁠Glashütte Original Seventies 'X' Chronograph⁠- ⁠Glashütte Original PanoMaticLunar Aventurine 180th Anniversary Edition⁠- Glashütte Original PanoMatic Calendar Skeleton- a ship's ⁠physical marine chronometer clock⁠, which inspired the modern Glashütte Original Senator collection- ⁠a visit to Glashütte Original's new dial manufactory⁠ (Troy Barmore, Hodinkee)Oh, and by the way: • Russ: ⁠Endurance (2024) National Geographic Documentary⁠• Rob: ⁠⁠⁠Watch ⁠One Battle After Another⁠ (2025)• Zach: ⁠⁠"The French Laundry of Sausages" at Gestalt Haus, Fairfax CA⁠⁠• Stephen: Loafers of Spanish leather (⁠Meermin⁠ or ⁠TLB Mallorca⁠) 

When You Feel Misunderstood: Creating Depth in RelationshipsIn this raw and heartfelt coaching session, Rhi works with Saxony, who is struggling with the deep desire to be seen and understood. Despite her efforts to share her inner world, she often feels invalidated by surface-level responses from family, friends, and even in her romantic relationship.Together, they unpack what it really means to create depth in life and relationships—and why the key isn't always about others changing, but about how we choose to engage.This episode explores:What to do when you feel unseen or misunderstood by the people closest to youHow to balance expectations with acceptance in relationshipsWays to intentionally create more depth in everyday conversationsNavigating the need for depth in a new romantic relationshipEmbodying feminine energy without trying to control the outcomeIf you've ever craved deeper connections but felt like no one “gets you,” this conversation will give you powerful insights into shifting your perspective, creating intimacy, and feeling truly seen.✨ Tune in to learn how to stop chasing depth and start embodying it.Perfect for listeners interested in self-discovery, relationships, feminine energy, emotional intimacy, and authentic connection.Rhi's InstagramWant to have a free coaching session for the podcast? Message me on InstagramJoin my free 22 day experience on self belief [here]

Berlin: Welfare vs Security. Judy Dempsey, Senior Scholar, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Berlin https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/welfare-state-not-sustainable-says-154228672.html 1890 SAXONY

fWotD Episode 3009: Battle of Warsaw (1705) Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia's finest articles.The featured article for Thursday, 31 July 2025, is Battle of Warsaw (1705).The Battle of Warsaw (also known as the Battle of Rakowitz or Rakowiec) was fought on 31 July 1705 (Gregorian calendar) near Warsaw in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, during the Great Northern War and the 1701–1706 Swedish invasion of Poland. The battle was part of a power struggle for the Polish–Lithuanian throne, and was fought between Augustus II the Strong and Stanisław Leszczyński and their allies. Augustus entered the Great Northern War as Elector of Saxony and King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and had formed an alliance with Denmark–Norway and Russia. Stanisław Leszczyński had seized the Polish throne in 1704, with the support of the Swedish army of King Charles XII. The struggle for the throne forced the Polish nobility to pick sides; the Warsaw Confederation supported Leszczyński and Sweden, and the Sandomierz Confederation supported Augustus and his allies. The conflict resulted in the Polish civil war of 1704–1706.In 1705, two events were planned to take place in Warsaw: a session of the Polish parliament to negotiate a formal peace between Poland and Sweden, and the coronation of Stanisław Leszczyński as the new king of Poland. Meanwhile, Augustus and his allies developed a grand strategy that envisioned a combined assault to crush the Swedish forces and restore Augustus to the Polish throne. Accordingly, an allied army of up to 10,000 cavalry under the command of Otto Arnold von Paykull was sent towards Warsaw to interrupt the Polish parliament. The Swedes sent a 2,000-strong cavalry contingent of their own, under the command of Carl Nieroth, to protect it. Encouraged by the fact that he heavily outnumbered the Swedes, Paykull took the initiative and attacked. He managed to cross the Vistula River with his army on 30 July, after a stubborn defence by a few Swedish squadrons, and reached the plains next to Rakowiec, directly west of Warsaw, on 31 July, where the two forces engaged in open battle.Augustus's allied left wing quickly collapsed; after a short but fierce fight, so did the right and centre. Paykull managed to rally some of his troops a few kilometres away, at the village of Odolany, where the fight was renewed. The Swedes again gained the upper hand and, this time, won the battle. They captured Paykull along with letters and other documents which informed the Swedes of the strategic intentions of Augustus's allies. The coronation of Stanisław Leszczyński occurred in early October. Peace between Poland and Sweden in November 1705 allowed Charles to focus his attention on the Russian threat near Grodno. The subsequent campaign resulted in the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), by which Augustus renounced both his claim to the Polish throne and his alliance with Peter I of Russia.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 18:43 UTC on Thursday, 31 July 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Battle of Warsaw (1705) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Emma.

Shawn Howarth, President and CEO of Excellon Resources (TSXV:EXN) (OTC:EXNRF)(FRA:E4X2), joins me to overview their 4 precious metals projects, with an emphasis on the recent closing in May of the acquisition of the past-producing Mallay Silver Mine, with plans to move this mine back into production by Q2 of 2026.  We then review the large exploration potential across their other 3 projects:  Tres Cerros, Kilgore, and Silver City.    We kick things off having Shawn highlight why the company updated their project profile to focus on the jurisdiction of the Cerro de Pasco area of Peru, when acquiring both the Mallay Silver Mine and Tres Cerros exploration projects in the transaction announced in October of 2024, and closed on in May of this year.  Excellon has been a producing silver company in the past, and the management team and board had solid in-county experience in Peru, this transaction seemed like a perfect fit for taking the company to the next level.    Mallay was built and operated by Buenaventura from 2012 to 2018, with US$115 million of historical investment.  The mine went into care and maintenance in 2018 due to low silver prices (~US$16.00 per ounce) and a change in strategic priorities at Buenaventura.  Annual production by Buenaventura (2013 to 2017) averaged 1.3 million ounces of silver, 9,100 tonnes of zinc and 6,500 tonnes of lead.    Excellon announced a few months back that it has secured off-take agreements with Glencore for their concentrates, and is working to put a NI 43-101 economic study in place this year, to outline specific metrics for the move back into production. Shawn outlined that their internal studies project a run-rate of 600 tonnes per day of production, producing approximately 2-2.5 million silver equivalent ounces per year, and with a target All-In Sustaining Cost (AISC) of US$17 per AgEq ounce.   Shawn points out that they will also be engaging in an aggressive exploration program to demonstrate the resources can be grown and the mine life extended in a substantial way.    The Tres Cerros Project is a highly prospective gold-silver exploration project approximately five kilometers northwest of the Mallay Mine. The project's prime area of interest is a 2.5 kilometer by 500 meter corridor of gold-silver mineralization and coincident IP/resistivity anomalies, indicative of a bulk tonnage, high sulfidation epithermal system.  Numerous historical grab samples were taken across the 2.5 kilometer fault, which are being analyzed to determine further follow-up exploration work.   Kilgore, is an advanced gold project in Idaho with over 1 million ounces of gold delineated in all categories, and the Company is considering bringing in a JV partner to assist with moving this project forward in exploration and further derisking. Silver City, a high-grade epithermal silver district in Saxony, Germany, with a long history of almost 800 years of silver production.  Shawn has stated publicly that they are looking at various options, but are entertaining the idea of spinning out this asset into a new European-focused exploration vehicle.    Wrapping up we reviewed the industry experience the Excellon management team and board has in both moving projects into production as well as a pedigree of exploration success.  We discussed that the company is cashed up after their financing and off-take agreement, to conduct the key work and studies on tap over the next 6-9 months as the company moves toward a production decision.   If you have questions for Shawn regarding Excellon Resources, then please email those in to me at Shad@kereport.com.   Click here to follow the latest news from Excellon Resources

When two brothers, Ernst and Albrecht of Saxony divided up their enormous inheritance that comprised Thuringia, Meissen and the electorate of Sachsen-Wittenberg, they not only undermined their power base as the de facto #2 amongst the imperial principalities and planted the seed for a conflict that would play a key role in the Reformation but they also laid the foundations for the modern Länder of Thuringia and Saxony. And this division was not driven by the usual family feud but came after 20 years of largely harmonious government and a shared childhood trauma. Why they took, or had to take this fateful step, is what we will discuss today.The music for the show is Flute Sonata in E-flat major, H.545 by Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach (or some claim it as BWV 1031 Johann Sebastian Bach) performed and arranged by Michel Rondeau under Common Creative Licence 3.0.As always:Homepage with maps, photos, transcripts and blog: www.historyofthegermans.comIf you wish to support the show go to: Support • History of the Germans PodcastFacebook: @HOTGPod Threads: @history_of_the_germans_podcastBluesky: @hotgpod.bsky.socialInstagram: history_of_the_germansTwitter: @germanshistoryTo make it easier for you to share the podcast, I have created separate playlists for some of the seasons that are set up as individual podcasts. they have the exact same episodes as in the History of the Germans, but they may be a helpful device for those who want to concentrate on only one season. So far I have:The OttoniansSalian Emperors and Investiture ControversyFredrick Barbarossa and Early HohenstaufenFrederick II Stupor MundiSaxony and Eastward ExpansionThe Hanseatic LeagueThe Teutonic KnightsThe Holy Roman Empire 1250-1356The Reformation before the Reformation

After adding the Duchies of Brabant and Limburg and the Counties of Hainault, Holland, Zeeland, and Namur to his domains, Philip the Good set his sights on the Duchy of Luxembourg. But the Duke of Burgundy wasn't the only with designs on the Duchy.Time Period Covered: 1436-1443Notable People: Philip the Good, Elizabeth of Gorlitz, Ladislaus the Posthumous, William III of Saxony, Rupert of Virneburg, Ernst of Gliechen, Frederick III, Jacob von Sierck, John of Nevers, Cornille of Burgundy, Anthony of BurgundyNotable Events/Developments: Burgundian Acquisition of Luxembourg

#BERLIN: SAXONY AND GROWTH. JUDY DEMPSEY, SENIOR SCHOLAR, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE IN BERLIN. 1890 SAXONY

Support Midgard Musings By Clicking Here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/MidgardMusings⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Click here to visit Fjallvaettir Workshop: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://fjallvaettir.com/⁠⁠⁠Bear in mind this is just the scratching of the surface. In Germanic culture the Earth was considered especially sacred, exemplified by the fact that most sacred sites were found in groves, and specific trees were particularly designated as holy sites such as with the Donor Oak dedicated to Thor in Saxony, and the Irminsul - sacred pillars made from trees used at sites of worship.In Norse Heathen views, Jörð is synonymous with the Earth, translated her name literally means Earth. Throughout skaldic poetry she is also called Fjörgyn, Hlóðynn, Fold, and Grund, all of which also mean Earth. Beyond this she is seldom mentioned in the surviving sources thus we know very little about her aside from the fact that she was said to be the mother of Thor.

We Found Love Right Where We Are: Arranged Love Blossoming On this episode we're looking at the Royal Couples, who were brought together by an arranged marriage. Despite this, they found love and comfort in the union. We have great historians with us today. Darren Baker, Sharon Bennett Connolly and Heather R Darsie.The couples in question saluted today will include:Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence (Darren Baker)Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun (Sharon Bennett Connolly)John II of Castile or Juan de Castilla the Second & Isabel of Portugal (Heather R Darsie)Johann Friedrich I Elector of Saxony & Sybilla von der MarckDarren's Books:Henry III, his brother, his sister and his wifehttps://thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/henry-iii/https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Two-Eleanors-of-Henry-III-Hardback/p/16782/aid/1238https://www.amberley-books.com/richard-of-cornwall.htmlEdward Ihttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Confessions-Chronicle-Lord-Edward-Longshanks-ebook/dp/B0DTZ17MSQ/The House of de Montfordhttps://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Crusaders-and-Revolutionaries-of-the-Thirteenth-Century-Hardback/p/18631/aid/1238https://www.amberley-books.com/simon-de-montfort-and-the-rise-of-the-english-nation.htmlFind Sharon here:@sharonbennettconnolly on Instagramhttps://historytheinterestingbits.com/Sharon's Books:https://www.amberley-books.com/silk-and-the-sword.htmlhttps://www.amberley-books.com/discover-books/women-of-the-anarchy.htmlhttps://www.amberley-books.com/heroines-of-the-tudor-world.htmlhttps://www.amberley-books.com/heroines-of-the-medieval-world-9781445689449.htmlhttps://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Sharon-Bennett-Connolly/a/3883Sharon's Scotland's Medieval Queens:https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Scotlands-Medieval-Queens-Hardback/p/51759/aid/1238Pre-Order Heather's New Book on Katharine of Aragon and Her Spanish Family:https://www.amberley-books.com/author-community-main-page/d/community-heather-r-darsie/katherine-of-aragon-spanish-princess.htmlHeather's book on Stuart Spouses:https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Stuart-Spouses-A-Compendium-of-Consorts-from-James-I-of-Scotland-to-Queen-Anne-of-Great-Britain-Hardback/p/51167/aid/1238Heather's The House of Cleves Books:https://www.amberley-books.com/anna-duchess-of-cleves-9781398103269.htmlhttps://www.amberley-books.com/children-of-the-house-of-cleves.htmlHeather's Website:https://maidensandmanuscripts.com/Join Natalie on her London walking tours:Monarchy Anglo-Saxons to Stuarts: https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/london-the-royal-british-kings-and-queens-walking-tour-t426011/Monarchy Stuarts to Windsors: https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/royal-london-georgian-and-windsor-monarchs-walking-tour-t481355Naughty London: https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/london-unsavory-history-guided-walking-tour-t428452/and a new one on British Monarchy:https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/british-monarchy-walking-tour-saxons-to-windsors-t481358/https://www.ifitaintbaroquepodcast.art/ Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Preview: Colleague Judy Dempsey in Berlin observes that Germany needs a new plan on trade and competitiveness. More later. 1890 SAXONY

After defeating Denmark and Poland, Karl XII only needed to crush the Russians in order to declare victory in the Great Northern War. So as soon as he was done with his side quest in Saxony, he marched on Moscow to face the Final Boss, Peter the Great.

Friday of the First Week of Lent Saint of the Day: St. Matilda; Tenth Century daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark; married Henry the Fowler, son of Duke Otto of Saxony, in the year 909; he succeeded his father as Duke in the year 912 and in 919 succeeded King Conrad I to the German throne; she was noted for her piety and charitable works; she was widowed in 936; she was severely criticized by her sons Otto and Henry for what they considered her extravagant charities, so she resigned her inheritance to them, and retired to her country home; in 955, she built three convents and a monastery; she was left in charge of the kingdom when Otto went to Rome in 962 to be crowned Emperor (often regarded as the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire); she spent most of the declining years at the convent at Nordhausen she had built; she died at the monastery at Quedlinburg on March 14, 968 Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 3/14/25 Gospel: Matthew 5:20-26

#EU: GALVANIZED. JUDY DEMPSEY, SENIOR SCHOLAR, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE IN BERLIN. 1890 SAXONY

In Saxony, our correspondent hears why young voters are increasingly supporting the AfD. The party is polling consistently in second place ahead of a snap election next SundayLONG: Kate Adie presents stories from Germany, the US, Afghanistan, Spain and Morocco.Germany goes to the polls on 23rd February, with the conservative CDU party showing a strong lead. But the far right AfD is consistently polling in second place. The biggest rise in support for the party has been among young voters, and Jessica Parker has spoken to some of them in Saxony to hear why.Mahjooba Nowrouzi returns to Afghanistan, for the first time in nearly 30 years, having fled the oppressive Taliban regime as a young student. She describes how despite initial first impressions, not much had changed with the Taliban back in control once more.This week, Jordan's King Abdullah visited Washington, where he made clear to President Trump that he and other regional leaders were unanimous in rejecting plans to take over Gaza and transfer Palestinians to Jordan and Egypt. Tom Bateman followed the encounter between King Abdullah and the President.In Southern Spain, the olive yield has risen substantially after several years of punishing drought. But apart from the challenges of climate change and on-going desertification in Spain, farmers have another worry – crime. Last year in Andalucía over 500 tonnes of olives were stolen. It's a headache for local law enforcement, as Linda Pressly found out on a visit to the olive groves there.Morocco has long been the film location of choice for many a Hollywood director, with its array of studios and versatile backdrops. But now, as John Kampfner discovered on a recent visit, a combination of tight budgets and technology, suggest that the good times might be running out in the ‘Hollywood of Africa.'Series Producer: Serena Tarling Editor: Bridget Harney Production coordinators: Katie Morrison & Sophie Hill

On this week's Gegenpressing Bundesliga preview podcast, Manu and Stefan are back to discuss the major talking points ahead of matchday 21. They begin by discussing Borussia Dortmund's home clash with Stuttgart and whether new head coach Niko Kovac will be able to take advantage of a Swabian side that have had to contend with a difficult fixture list in recent weeks and don't look at their best on the road. They then preview Eintracht Frankfurt's trip to Borussia Park, where the Foals will be hoping to put a serious dent in their opponents Champions League aspiration, while continuing their own impressive march up the table. The duo then wrap up the show by taking a look at St Pauli's trip to RB Leipzig on Sunday and why the Hamburg minnows may be capable of an almighty upset in Saxony, despite losing their main striker to injury. Enjoy!

On this week's preview show Manu and Stefan threw tradition to the wind and instead revelled in the transfer window chaos that is engulfing the Bundesliga. They begun the show by discussing Bayern Munich's decision to sell Mathys Tel, with the club accepting a €60m offer from Tottenham for the young striker. They then moved on to discuss whether Niko Kovac is the right man to pull Borussia Dortmund out of their mess. Then, to wrap things up, they then broke down Xavi Simons' permanent transfer to RB Leipzig and why the Saxony club were more than happy to spend €55m plus potentially much more on the young playmaker. Enjoy!

#BERLIN: CDU entertain a coalition with AFD. Judy Dempsey, Senior Scholar, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Berlin. 1890 SAXONY

#BERLIN. Many in the CDU supports Ukraine. Judy Dempsey, Senior Scholar, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

#BERLIN: The government falls. Judy Dempsey, Senior Scholar, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Berlin. 1890 SAXONY

PREVIEW: GERMANY: Carnegie Europe Scholar Judy Dempsey reports from Berlin on the CDU leader's stark economic proposals for Germany. More tonight. 2890 Saxony

On May 14th, 1907, Heinrich Pressler, Chief Engineer was found dead in the room he rented in Chemnitz, Germany. It was at first ruled as a suicide, but the case was soon re-opened and suspicion fell on his fiance, Grete Beier. Unpeel the layers of this disturbing case by diving into a murderer's mind with us. Tea of the Day: Kiki's Spiced Bread Tea Theme Music by Brad Frank Sources: “Girl Presents Bullet to Man.” The Oregon Daily Journal (UP), Wed, Oct 30, 1907, Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1090698684/“A Beautiful Girl's Confession.” The Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser, Tue, Aug 25, 1908, Page 3, https://www.newspapers.com/image/964685070/“1908: Grete Beier, who wanted the fairy tale.” Executed Today. Posted on 23 July, 2015 by Headsman, https://www.executedtoday.com/2015/07/23/1908-grete-beier-who-wanted-the-fairy-tale/“Sensational German Murder Case.” The Guardian, Tue, Jun 30, 1908, Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/258542940/“Remarkable Murder Story. An Extraordinary Story.” Grimsby Evening Telegraph, Tue, Jun 30, 1908, Page 3, https://www.newspapers.com/image/918755939/“Woman Guillotined in Public.” The Cornishman, Thu, Jul 30, 1908, Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/786684255/“Shot While Blindfolded.” Long Eaton Advertiser, Fri, Jul 03, 1908, Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/853905293/“Beheads Young Girl.” Idaville Observer, Fri, Jul 31, 1908, Page 7, https://www.newspapers.com/image/881953778/“Extraordinary Murder Charge.” Liverpool Daily Post, Tue, Jun 30, 1908, Page 10, https://www.newspapers.com/image/797545615/“Girl Commits Terrible Crime.” Billings Evening Journal, Wed, Oct 30, 1907, Page 2, https://www.newspapers.com/image/953445310/“Girl Revolting Crime.” Grimsby Evening Telegraph, Mon, Oct 07, 1907, Page 4, https://www.newspapers.com/image/918752787/Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/230802378/marie_margarethe-beier) accessed October 27, 2024), memorial page for Marie Margarethe “Grete” Beier (15 Sep 1885–23 Jul 1908), Find a Grave Memorial ID 230802378, citing Johannisfriedhof Tolkewitz, Dresden, Stadtkreis Dresden, Saxony, Germany; Maintained by Malita (contributor 50493639).“Marie Margarethe Beier.” Murderpedia, (Capital Punishment UK) https://murderpedia.org/female.B/b/beier-grete.htm“Grete Beier, German Serial Killer, Murdered Her Three Babies in Succession and Later Murdered Her Husband - 1908.” Unknown Gender History, September 22, 2011, https://unknownmisandry.blogspot.com/search?q=grete“Beheads Girl Who Killed Her Lover.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, Thu, Jul 23, 1908, Page 5, https://www.newspapers.com/image/1074675524/The Cincinnati Enquirer, Sun, Mar 08, 1908, Page 13, https://www.newspapers.com/image/33373453/“‘Surprise' Was Death.” St. Joseph News-Press, Mon, Nov 25, 1907, Page 8, https://www.newspapers.com/image/559246100/“Acts in Jail.” The Kingston Whig-Standard, Sat, Oct 26, 1907, Page 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/783821093/Walters, Guy, “How the Nazis slaughtered 16,000 people by guillotine: Found in a Munich cellar, the death machine that reveals a forgotten horror.” Daily Mail, Published: 20:27 EDT, 13 January 2014 | Updated: 20:40 EDT, 13 January 2014, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2538973/How-Nazis-slaughtered-16-000-people-guillotine-Found-Munich-cellar-death-machine-reveals-forgotten-horror.html 

Full Text of ReadingsThursday of the Thirty-second Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 494The Saint of the day is Saint Gertrude the GreatSaint Gertrude the Great's Story Gertrude, a Benedictine nun in Helfta, Saxony, was one of the great mystics of the 13th century. Together with her friend and teacher Saint Mechtild, she practiced a spirituality called “nuptial mysticism,” that is, she came to see herself as the bride of Christ. Her spiritual life was a deeply personal union with Jesus and his Sacred Heart, leading her into the very life of the Trinity. But this was no individualistic piety. Gertrude lived the rhythm of the liturgy, where she found Christ. In the liturgy and in Scripture she found the themes and images to enrich and express her piety. There was no clash between her personal prayer life and the liturgy. The Liturgical Feast of Saint Gertrude the Great is November 16. Reflection Saint Gertrude's life is another reminder that the heart of the Christian life is prayer: private and liturgical, ordinary or mystical, but always personal. Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

#BERLIN: The coalition collapses. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Editor-in-Chief: Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

#BERLIN:  Not ready for Trump. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Editor-in-Chief: Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

"Preview: EU: TRUMP: Colleague Judy Dempsey of Carnegie, in Berlin, describes a European Union that is not prepared to challenge a new Trump administration and must look to the US for leadership. More tonight." 1890 Magdeburg, Saxony

#EU: Struggling Volkswagen /struggling German. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Editor-in-Chief: Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

#: Georgia frozen, Moldova fragile. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Editor-in-Chief: Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

PREVIEW: GERMANY/VOLKSWAGEN: Colleague Judy Dempsey of Carnegie Endowment in Berlin explains that the closing of VW plants and laying off of thousands is a political blow to zsaxony, to the country and to Olaf Scholz. More tonight. 1890 Saxony 

#BERLIN: Scholz's Germany falls behind China. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 Saxony

PREVIEW: MIGRATION: Conversation with colleague Judy Dempsey of the Carnegie Endowment in Berlin regarding the helter-skelter adjustments that the 27 EU states are making with regard to uncontrolled migration from the Global South and the Middle East over the last decade that now undermines the credibility of the states. More later. 1890 Dresden, Saxony, Germany 

PREVIEW: GERMANY: BRANDENBURG: SCHOLZ: AFD Conversation with colleague Judy Dempsey in Berlin for the Carnegie Endowment regarding the surprising rise of the anti-EU, anti-NATO (and anti-war) AfD and BSW (Sahra Wagenknecht) - and the connection between the populist disruption and the troubled economy. More tonight. 1890 Saxony

At the beginning of September, the far-right party Alternative for Germany or AfD, won an election in the eastern state of Thuringia. The result marked the far right's first win, in a state parliament election, since World War Two. In the more populous neighbouring state of Saxony the party came in a close second. Whilst in both states the party has been officially classed as ‘right-wing extremist', the results nonetheless, signify a sharp rebuke from the voting public towards Germany's established political forces, including the ruling coalition. The Afd was founded in 2013 as an anti-euro party to challenge the government. It entered the German parliament for the first time in 2017 and now it's focus has shifted to immigration and Islam. As the country faces federal elections next year, Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz has urged mainstream parties to block the AfD from governing in Thuringia by maintaining a so-called firewall against it. But in terms of the voting public, the polls currently suggest the party could also take the most votes in Brandenburg state's election coming up. So, on this week's Inquiry we're asking, Can Germany's far right win the country?Contributors: Thomas König, Professor Dr. of Political Science, European Politics, University of Mannheim, Germany Dr. Michelle Lynn Kahn, Associate Professor, Modern European History, University of Richmond, VA, USA Christina Zuber, Professor Dr. of German Politics, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz, Germany Jörn Fleck, Senior Director of the Europe Centre, The Atlantic Council, Washington DC, USA Presenter: Tanya Beckett Producer: Jill Collins Researcher: Matt Toulson Editor: Tara McDermott Technical Producer: Nicky Edwards Broadcast Co-ordinator: Jacqui JohnsonImage Credit: CLEMENS BILAN/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock

#StateThinking:Dissent deepens in Europe.   @MaryKissel Former Senior Adviser to the Secretary of State. Executive VP Stephens Inc. 1890 Saxony

#BERLIN: Alternative for Deutschland and East Germany. Judy Dempsey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Editor-in-Chief: Strategic Europe, in Berlin. 1890 SAXONY

Exit polls suggest the far right Alternative for Germany is on course to win a state election for the first time. The party is predicted to win around 33% percent of the votes in Thuringia and in the neighbouring state of Saxony, exit polls put the AfD in second place.Also in the programme: Protests have erupted in Israel after six hostages were killed in Gaza, increasing the pressure on Binyamin Netanyahu's government; and an opera version of the famous UK fictional detective Sherlock Holmes goes on stage. (Picture: Right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) top candidate Bjoern Hoecke gives thumbs up on the day of the Thuringia state election in Erfurt, Germany, September 1. Credit: Reuters).

This episode covers three examples of historically important roads. One is quite ancient, one is an important part of the development of the U.S., and the third is a more modern road that's been lauded for its design. Research: “The Ancient Ridgeway.” Friends of the Ridgeway. https://ridgewayfriends.org.uk/the-trail/the-ancient-ridgeway/· Atkins, Harry. “The Best Historic Sites in Oxfordshire.” History Hit. May 24, 2022. https://www historyhit.com/guides/the-best-historic-sites-in-oxfordshire/· “Avebury.” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/avebury/ Benetti, Alessandro. “The bridge-type autogrill, infrastructure and icon of the Italian highways.” Domus. July 27, 2020. https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2020/07/27/infrastructures-and-icons-the-bridge-type-autogrill-by-angelo-bianchetti-and-mario-pavesi.html Benetti, Alessandro. “Italy's ‘Sun Motorway,' the story of an exceptional infrastructure.” Domus. Aug. 5, 2023. https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/gallery/2021/07/16/the-sun-motorway-is-65-years-old-a-short-story-of-an-extraordinary-infrastructure.html Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "macadam". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Aug. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/technology/macadam-road-construction Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Saxony". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jun. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/place/Saxony-historical-region-duchy-and-kingdom-Europe Calvano, Angela & Canducci, Andrea & Rufini, Andrea. (2023). Urban regeneration of public housing settlements, in Rome: the case study of San Basilio district. Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability. 8. 10.1051/rees/2023012 Cleaver, Emily. “Against All Odds, England's Massive Chalk Horse Has Survived 3,000 Years.” Smithsonian. July 6, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/3000-year-old-uffington-horse-looms-over-english-countryside-180963968/ Ellis, Sian. “Just follow the Ridgeway, Britain's oldest highway.” British Heritage. April 30, 2024. https://britishheritage.com/travel/the-ridgeway-britains-oldest-highway Haughton, Brian. “The White Horse of Uffington.” March 30, 2011. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/229/the-white-horse-of-uffington/ Johnson, Ben. “Ancient Standing Stones.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Ancient-Standing-Stones/ “Lane Width.” U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/geometric/pubs/mitigationstrategies/chapter3/3_lanewidth.cfm Lenarduzzi, Thea. “The Motorway That Built Italy: Piero Puricelli's masterpiece is the focus of an unlikely pilgrimage.” Independent UK. Jan. 30, 2016. https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-world-s-first-motorway-piero-puricelli-s-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html Longfellow, Rickie. “The National Road.” U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/general-highway-history/back-time/national-road Mclaughlan, Scott, PhD. “What were the enclosure acts?” The Collector. Nov. 12, 2023. https://www.thecollector.com/what-were-the-enclosure-acts/ McNamara, Robert. "The National Road, America's First Major Highway." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/the-national-road-177405 “The National Road.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/national-road.htm “National Road Heritage Corridor.” https://nationalroadpa.org/ "The Nation's First Mega-Project: A Legislative History of the Cumberland Road" United States Department of transportation. 2021. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/68561 Nifosi, Giuseppe. “Michelucci's Highway Church.” Art Unveiled.  https://www.artesvelata.it/chiesa-autostrada-michelucci/ “RESEARCH AND SOURCES FOR WAYLAND'S SMITHY.” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/waylands-smithy/history/research-and-sources/ “The Ridgeway.” National Trails. https://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/en_GB/trails/the-ridgeway/ “The Ridgeway Information.” National Trails. https://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/en_GB/trails/the-ridgeway/trail-information/ Stenton, F. M. “The Road System of Medieval England.” The Economic History Review, vol. 7, no. 1, 1936, pp. 1–21. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2590730 “WAYLAND'S SMITHY.” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/waylands-smithy/ “Wayland's Smithy chambered long barrow, including an early barrow and Rion Age and Roman boundary ditches.” Historic England. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1008409?section=official-list-entry Whittle, Alasdair & Brothwell, Don & Cullen, Rachel & Gardner, Neville & Kerney, M.. (2014). Wayland's Smithy, Oxfordshire: Excavations at the Neolithic Tomb in 1962–63 by R. J. C. Atkinson and S. Piggott. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 57. 61-101. 10.1017/S0079497X00004515. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.