Podcast appearances and mentions of andrew garner

Spencer Potter, Founder/CEO of ClubGrub joined Rob Thomas on the Club + Resort Talks podcast to discuss the evolution and benefits of ClubGrub, a mobile ordering platform tailored for golf courses. ClubGrub, which integrates with existing POS systems, allows golfers to order from the clubhouse or snack bar via a user-friendly app, enhancing convenience and profitability for clubs. Potter highlighted that more than 95% of orders no longer include hot dogs, with golfers opting for fresher, more elevated menu items. The platform has led to a 30-45% revenue increase for many clubs. Potter emphasized the importance of user-friendly technology and the potential for future advancements like autonomous delivery. Thomas also covered some recent news from across the club and resort industry, including: Starmount Forest Country Club in Greensboro, N.C., enlisted golf course architect Kris Spence to redesign the course in a manner that brings it stylistically closer to a course from 1931. In addition to a new state-of-the-art irrigation system and upgraded drainage, environmental sustainability is a top focus. Winnetka (Ill.) Golf Club earned designation as a Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary, highlighting the club's commitment to wildlife conservation, sustainable maintenance practices, and environmental education. “Our team has worked tirelessly to enhance natural habitats, support pollinators, and implement eco-friendly practices across the course,” says Andrew Garner, Director of Agronomy at Winnetka Golf Club. Desert Dunes Golf Course in Desert Hot Springs, Calif., closed. It struggled with environmental and structural hurdles throughout its history, while the course's infrastructure required significant and costly maintenance.

Whooping. Spanking. Beating. Whatever you want to call it, corporal punishment was a central part of Lee's upbringing. Growing up, he was made to believe that it was a Black custom but as an adult he began wondering if it ended up doing more harm than good. In this episode, Lee speaks with Dr. Andrew Garner, a pediatrician who has studied the effects of corporal punishment on children, and how the nervous system is altered by it. Later, Lee speaks with Geoff Ward, a Professor of African and African American Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, to discuss how corporal punishment has extended beyond the home, and into schools.TranscriptWe wanted to give a heads up that this episode includes talk of abuse, and acts of violence. You can find resources on our website, WhatHappenedInAlabama.org - listener discretion is advised.Hi - this is Lee Hawkins and we're about to dive into episode seven of What Happened in Alabama. This conversation is about corporal punishment in homes and schools. Beating, spanking, whooping, whatever you call it, that's what we'll be talking about. This is very personal to me because it's how I and so many of my peers were raised. We were taught that it was not only normal, but necessary. Today we're going to get into the short and long-term effects of corporal punishment on the physical, mental, and emotional development and well-being of children, often following them into adulthood. It's a heavy and important topic But you'll get a lot more out of it if you go back and listen to the prologue - that'll give you some context for the series and this episode. Do that, and then join us back here. Thank you so much. In February 2019, I had my final interview with my dad for this project. We talked for over 3 hrs. I had a deadline to hit, and because I had so many interviews already recorded I did one final interview with him, just to get specific questions answered without having to go back through all that tape. He did the final interview – and he answered some extremely difficult questions, with compassion, regret, and especially grace.Lee: And so how did you get into the whooping thing? Like you beating us with your belt? What made.. Like, where did you get that from?Lee Sr: That I can't say. I don't know, man. It was just a, some kind of a stress that I had, evidently. Lee Sr: it's hard to say how this shit went man.Asking my dad directly about this I realized that families often repeat certain patterns and cycles from generation to generation, without understanding why or where they come from. That four year process of interviewing my father about his upbringing in 1950-era Jim Crow Alabama shined a powerful light on why I was raised the way I was. But while I had gained a better understanding of some of the historical factors that shaped my upbringing, I still needed to understand the forces that prevented my father from breaking the cycle of belt whipping when we were kids. Lee: But what were the stresses that you were going through? Lee Sr: Things that I had seen my mom had to go through with people and shit and that was hard to push it. And so when I thought you guys did something, that was when I would, you know, get out of control like I did man, because that is out of control. I don't give a fuck how you put it. It was validating to hear Dad declare that hitting children with belts was wrong, and something that he profoundly regretted, and was genuinely sorry for, because I struggled for my whole life to understand the sentiment that Black children – especially – need to be beaten, even as I accepted it. I didn't need much more than to hear my dad acknowledge that no, we didn't deserve it – Black kids or not. Lee Sr: If it was up to me and the way I feel about things, I would've never done nothing like that. But I don't know how I got out of control like that. Something was back there in my life that did that and I know it.My mom told me that there were nights that my dad came to bed and cried after those interviews. Though I never saw those tears, it doesn't surprise me. Revisiting painful memories that led my father to try to whip us into perfection out of deep love and concern was obviously excruciating for him. Despite my belief in “honor thy mother and father” and occasionally unnecessary guilt, I didn't feel obligated to shield him from the pain he caused my sister Tiffany and me at times. I accepted that the burden of his actions was not mine to carry. Expecting a victim to accept the blame for a perpetrator's actions, fearing that a grown man might cry, just isn't fair.I was determined to lead my dad down the path to finally put these generational demons to rest, for both of us and for future generations of our family. If he cried, he cried. When I heard that dad cried, I saw it as a sign of empathy but not a reason to quit researching. As children, I wept, and Tiffany wept, through the hundreds of belt whippings we received. In fact, our mother would tell us: “Stop crying or I'll give you something to really cry about.” I now realize that perpetrators rarely recognize the extent of a victim's pain because they aren't the ones being beaten.My father's tears didn't change the reality of what they had done to us. His crying may have meant he finally grasped that his childhood impacted mine more profoundly than my parents had ever acknowledged. Our pain stung so much more than the feeling of a belt to the behind.Social justice activists talk so often about how violence impacts Black bodies, but my research, and my memories of my own childhood, have shown me that violence–including within the Black family and community– can also have potentially devastating effects on Black minds—especially the minds of children.With my mental health journalism training, I now understand why I was always on edge, like my parents. They feared the world, and I feared them. Sometimes I'd go to bed fully clothed, with three layers of clothing on for extra padding, preparing for the possibility of being pulled out of bed for a forgotten chore. This made me high-strung and hard to stay calm. Around age eight, I started blinking excessively when nervous. One Sunday in the choir stand, I couldn't stop blinking. After church, one of my Dad's friends mentioned it, "I think Lee Lee's got some kind of nervous tic." Dad dismissed it as teasing, ranting to my mom about it the whole ride home.But his friend was right. My nervous system was firing like crazy. Though I excelled in spelling and reading, I struggled in math that year. My parents thought I was clowning in class and believed more beatings would improve my scores. They'd yell, "You're being the class clown for all those white friends of yours." They didn't realize I needed extra help from a teacher or tutor. Instead of focusing on math, I'd sit at my desk and worry about the belt whipping I could get for writing down a wrong answer, which made me blink even more.Neither my father nor I connected my nervousness to the beatings. We saw the belt as temporary pain. But it hijacked my entire system. As an adult, I've dealt with stress, but nothing compares to the constant stress I carried as a child. I don't know how I never developed an ulcer. Imagine an adult experiencing the unpredictability of being overpowered and whipped several times a month, then having to perform at their best the next day. That's what I went through… as an eight-year-old.What broke my heart as a child was that my mother told me that she gave my teacher permission to hit me if she wanted to. My teacher never did, but she clearly knew I was getting the belt at home. That trend of many schools failing to protect students from violence, or even exacting violence themselves, impacted me in so many ways. One clear way was the reality that my Dad rarely if ever got hit by his parents, but he did get hit plenty of times at school, which, I believed normalized the idea of child beating in his mind at a young age.And today, Alabama is one of seventeen states that still allow corporal punishment in K-12 public schools, with the schools mostly striking Black children and those with disabilities. In 2019, the Southern Poverty Law Center and the UCLA Center for Civil Rights Remedies reported that Black boys are nearly twice as likely to be hit compared to white boys, and Black girls are struck at over three times the rate of white girls. This, all despite the fact that Black students behave similarly to white ones. Today, hitting school children is legal and most prevalent in states where enslavement was legal. Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, and Texas represent over 70% of all corporal punishment in U.S. public schools, according to the SPLC. Children at some schools are hit nearly twice a month. Notably, during the 2015–16 school year, one Mississippi school reported 871 instances affecting 57 students, averaging 15 times per student. Another school in the same state noted 60 instances for just four students, also averaging 15 times per student. A few years back, before my dad died, my Dad and his sister, Aunt Toopie, talked about the beatings they received at school while growing up in Jim Crow AlabamaLee: Did they whoop the kids in school, was it a strict thing?Lee Sr: Yeah, we got our ass kicked every time we were late, I know that. Aunt Toopie: And stand in the corner.Lee Sr: And when you did something in class you got your ass kicked.Aunt Toopie: They had belts in school in them days.Lee Sr: They had that board of education. If I was late for school, you'd go right to the principal's office, and he'd tell your ass up about three times with that paddle, with holes in it. That paddle was a piece of oak wood, and it had varnish on it and it had holes. They had drills holes in it. It was custom made. It said board of education and he'd have you bend over and man, that thing, them holes in that thing, would leave little dots on your ass.” Being hit at school burned a permanent memory in my dad's brain - he normalized it when he became a father, handing down the Alabama-born anxiety to another generation, to me. After the conversation with my dad where he apologized for whipping my sisters and me, I tried to have a similar one with my mom. But it went very differently. "We didn't beat you,” she said. “We spanked you."I was disappointed to hear her deny how severely she and my dad beat my sister Tiffany and me. But I also understood why she would say what she did. There's almost a collective agreement in society that so-called spanking is supposedly lighter than a beating…kinder and gentler and never abusive or harmful. It's much easier to stomach the narrative that there are acceptable forms of violence to use against children; even though that same violence would never be acceptable to use against an adult. Which is why I give my dad so much credit for being honest and not trying to minimize what they did.My dad finally understood the full spectrum of damage the American whip had caused generations of our family. We often think the worst of corporal punishment are the welts and physical pain. But through my own experience and my research, I know the real pain is from the belt's access to the victim's mind. My parents didn't know these beatings and the mental stress of having to constantly look out for danger all around me, made it harder for me to focus, triggering my nervous system into fight or flight, causing bouts of anxiety that followed me into adulthood. This led me to find experts on the effects of corporal punishment on the body and mind.Dr. Garner: The thing that separates kids from adults is they're still under construction. Their brain, their physiology is still under development. And so what happens in childhood doesn't stay in childhood. That's Doctor Andrew Garner. He's a primary care pediatrician in Ohio who has studied the effect of corporal punishment on children. I wanted to talk to Dr. Garner to understand the physiological changes that occur in children when they are hit. Whether you hit them with your hand, a belt, a paddle, regardless of how hard or how often you hit them, it's all corporal punishment. I'm someone who refuses to get nostalgic about the beatings of my childhood. I would never high-five my friends and say I needed it, I loved it, or credit it as the reason I stayed out of trouble or became a productive citizen. It's not funny to me, mainly because it took me years to rewire my system. But I don't want to unfairly judge people either, especially those who don't have the information. Once I delved into history, I gained a deeper and clearer understanding of why so many people I've known—especially Black and white people from the South—have often celebrated and even laughed fondly about the use of corporal punishment. Many have no idea that, when we really look closely at America's historical foundation, hitting children is akin to setting up a system of white supremacy or a mini plantation in their living room. Later in this episode, I speak with Professor Geoff Ward, a Professor of African and African American Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, to discuss how corporal punishment has extended beyond the home into schools across the South, mainly the states and counties where slavery was legal and lynching was most prevalent. We talk about the institutionalized use of corporal punishment and how deeply ingrained it is in our history. But for now, let's get back to Dr. Garner.The conversation mentions violence and abuse against children, sensitive listeners please take care. [break]Lee: I think there are many people who believe, well, if I just hit the kid a few times on the butt with my hand, that's a spanking. If I hit a kid with a belt that's a beating, or if I don't if I hit a kid with a belt, but I don't hit them hard..as hard as the guy up the street who's hitting his kid with the extension cord, then that's not a beating. Dr. Garner: That's all violence. Right. So, you know, corporal punishment is a negative consequence, for unwanted behavior. But that negative consequence is the use of force and is intended to cause pain or discomfort. So that's violence. So, you know, whether or not you're trying to split hairs between, a spanking or a beating, it's still the use of violence to coerce, and control and modify another person's behavior. And we know that in order to continue changing that behavior, the violence needs to escalate over time. So it's a slippery slope. I can recognize this slippery slope in my own life. My parents started out with a few hits when I was little and over the years it escalated to something much more serious, to the point where getting hit with a leather belt for five minutes was normalized. In fact, their punishment increased to slaps across the face and attacks that were even more severe. And this was from two parents, who, like most of the parents we knew, felt like, if they truly loved their children, they needed to kick it into high gear and show us that life wasn't going to be fair and that nobody was coming to save us, especially because we were Black. I can see how this happens. Dr. Garner: You may think that in the short term, you're doing a good service to your child because you're trying to teach them something. But in the long run, we know the outcomes are worse. There's clear data, you know, increased risk of child abuse, because you have to eventually increase the negative stimuli to try and change the behavior. Part of the problem with corporal punishment, it's a double whammy. In addition to the anticipation, like you're saying what bad thing is going to happen to me? There's also the loss of safety, because one of the things that the the one of the ways that we buffer adversity is through relationships. And now there's, there can be a loss of trust, in the, in the relationship. And that to me is really interesting that, it's not just the, the, the fear of the pain as you were talking about. It's also the loss of trust that when is this going to happen. Where when am I safe? When am I safe? Lee: Well, never. I was never really 100% safe in my home or outside in the world. Never. There was never a time that I felt safe. And I also feel like my parents did that by design. I don't think they wanted me to ever feel safe, because I don't think they believed that a Black person in America is ever safe. So I believe that they wanted me to feel the hyper vigilance and the hyper cautiousness that they, in the generations before them, felt because they didn't believe enough in the system of America. Another thing is that when you said you have to increase the punishment if you're going to use this system, that's exactly what happened to me. And I know my dad. I know that he…lost control and did not know what he was doing. And I think at that time he got to a point where he realized, what have I done? What have I become? Dr. Garner: I think where we break down sometimes is trying to decide what's more important, you know, is it the connection or is it the structure? Well, they're both important. You need to have connection. So kids trust the instruction you're giving them. But the way I think about it is it's a lot easier to teach a kid what they should do than to keep from doing something you don't want them to do. Lee: But it's also forcing us to understand that children are multiple times smaller than adults. And so we if we apply some empathy here, we have to understand that even if you're hitting a child once or twice, you're still multiple times larger than the child, and the child may not have a bruise. Or the bruise may go away. But it's really this person who's supposed to be taking care of me, who is the only thing in this world I love, and this person who is providing meals and food and shelter for me is hitting me. Oh, he's going to hit me again. But for some reason, children have a different standing in society. They're the most vulnerable in the society, but they have the least protection. Dr. Garner: Yeah. It's crazy. The thing that separates kids from adults is they're still under construction. We know if there is significant adversity, and there aren't opportunities to turn off the body's stress response that can result in a thing called toxic stress. Right. So toxic stress is this inability to turn off the stress response. And it can literally change who we are at the behavioral, at the cellular, even at the molecular levels. We know that adversity can sort of become biologically embedded and and changing the way our genomes work. Lee: And this is just even with just hitting a child once or twice occasionally. Right? Dr. Garner: Absolutely. I mean, that's the point, is that we have to understand the way brains develop. Brain development is an experience driven event. It's the experiences that happen that drive brain development. And so the question is, what are those experiences in childhood, are they adverse in the sense that they're leading to expectancies of bad things and always being on edge, or are they nurturing to the extent that people get me? I have agency and things are going to be positive in the future. So those early experiences are truly foundational and they can influence the way we see ourselves and the way we see other people and the way we see our future.For me, belt whipping taught me not to ever trust anyone, including and especially my parents. I loved them, but I never fully trusted them and rarely confided in them. And that turned me into an adult who simply refused to trust another human being. Despite the active social life I've always had, my childhood groomed me to be a rugged individualist, putting all my trust in God and myself. I never put even an ounce of faith in the idea that another person would not be capable of betraying or letting me down. And in relationships with girlfriends -– especially if they wronged me in any way – I developed the very unfortunate ability to be able to walk away from them and never look back and never miss them. And I often wanted to be able to be vulnerable and feel some level of paralysis or regret, but I always could just keep going.The beatings also made me perfectionistic. My mantra became, “if you want something done right, do as much as you can by yourself, because most people will almost always fall short and disappoint.”At a very young age, I just adopted the posture that I was on my own, and that I should not count on anyone or expect anyone to come up with a net and try to catch me if I fell. And also I also believed that you should always keep people out of your personal business, because in most cases, they'll take your plans, your confiding in them about your most vulnerable feelings or moments, or the smallest mistakes and weaponize them to try and hurt you. And that's how my father was. And yes, he came from a family of Jim Crow survivors and had family members murdered, but I believe a lot of this view of the world I've seen in my family, especially in my case, came from being beaten as children. These beatings – and yes, I have finally given myself permission to call them abuse – just wreaked havoc on my capacity to receive love without skepticism. Even now, I mean, speaking this, I'm wondering if this revelation will somehow be used against me by somebody down the line. But at least I can recognize it now. My new mantra is, “I'm free and I'm safe.” And to be fair, I'm a lot better than I used to be, and I can't say that the skepticism hasn't helped me a great deal – especially in the media business – but I wouldn't wish that level of steel-heartedness on anyone. I asked Dr. Garner to break down what happens to a child's nervous system when they get hit or know there's a possibility they're about to get hit. He said there are three biological pathways. Dr. Garner: The most simplest and the most evolutionarily, primitive is freeze, right? So you may see that the deer in the headlights type thing. Right. And so the first temptation is to freeze, if I be small and don't move, maybe the threat will go away.The second, which you might recognize, is fight or flight. Dr. Garner: And that's where you have a release of all kinds of biological mediators. Cortisol and epinephrine, that basically make your blood pressure high, make you ready to fight or run away. Those hormones are very useful in the short term. So if you see a bear, you can run away fast. But if that if that stress response isn't turned off through the presence of safe, stable, nurturing relationships and that constant bathing in those physiologic mediators of stress is there that results in changes. Changes at the molecular level, changes at the cellular level changes the behavior that really can change who we are. And we call that toxic stress. The third response is to affiliate, that means our ability to collaborate with others, to seek help when there's a threat. It's part of the reason humans have existed so long as a species. But Tiffany and I didn't have that support. There was no escaping the belt. Dr. Garner: Where are my friends? Who's going to help me through this? The problem is, for a young child, the friend is the person who's beating you. So you've really sort of lost that that ability to turn off the stress response from an affiliate response. You're really stuck in flight or flight, and if you're constantly bed with those hormones, again, that's going to lead to a child who's going to be more defiant, more aggressive. Not be able to think things through, not be able to think about the broad perspective because you're. Constantly in fight or flight mode. You're constantly in survival mode instead of relational mode. Lee: Right? Yeah. And if you can think about this to bring some empathy in here for people to understand, if you were hitting a dog and a dog who depends on you for everything, is experiencing this toxicity in this toxic environment, you can actually see a lot of times when dogs are abused because you'll go to pet them and they kind of squirm. Sometimes they might bark, sometimes they might even try to bite you. And that's because they've been abused. Children are the same, right? I mean, children can have some of the same effects that we see, in dogs, that we empathize with. Children who are treated the same way in their home. Can have that same impact. Dr. Garner: But here's the good news. And this is the really fascinates me, is that the more we learn about the biology of adversity, the more we learn about toxic stress and how adverse experiences become biologically embedded and really affect life course trajectories. That same biology underlies how positive experiences get embedded. Right? And that that is the good news, right? So adversity is not destiny in any way, shape or form. In the last few years, there's been a really interesting thing called biobehavioral synchrony, which is a big phrase, but what it means is in those moments of magical connection that you have with another being in particularly between parent and child, there's literally an alignment of the brain waves of the autonomic functions of hormone levels and behavior. Right. And so we sort of know this intuitively that emotions can be contagious. Right? So, if a child's crying, the sibling mates are crying and specters may join an angry mob so it can go in the negative way, but can also go in a positive way, in a sense that engaged and trusted caregivers, they literally have the ability to hack in remotely and turn off the child stress response. Dr. Garner explained that you can see this in action if you look up the still face experiment on Youtube. It's a famous psychological study that was first conducted in 1975 by the psychologist Edward Tronick. Dr. Garner: Basically they take a young child about a year old, and usually it's a mother, and they bring him into the laboratory and they have three two minute blocks. The first two minute block is engaging, so they're just playing back and forth. It literally they call it serve and return - the baby coos the mom responds. And it's really this biobehavioral synchrony. You can literally see it happening for you. And then they tell the mom to turn away and then turn back and to not engage for two minutes. And if you watch the video it is viscerally painful because the child noticed there's a rupture in the synchrony and does everything they can to try and get back engaged, everything they can to get back engaged. And then they tell their mom to turn back again, and now to start to repair. And it's palpable. The children's relief immediately. Oh, we're back again. You're back again? I'm safe. You got me. The important thing is, is there repair, right? And the most recent evidence suggests that it's the latency to repair that's associated with secure attachments and distress tolerance, that ability to say the goodness is coming. We're going to get back together again. It's really, really important. And so, again, that's great news for parents. We're not going to be perfect. We're all going to make mistakes as parents. We can't always be perfectly engaged. The important thing is it's all about repair. It's the ability to come back and become back engaged and basically be saying that, child, your perspective is important to me. The relationship's important to me. And it's way more important for me to be kind than right. Lee: Yeah. And I think that that's one of the challenges for me as part of people from the African-American community who had my experience. For me, knowing that my parents loved me and knowing that that love could be shown, but then the next minute I could be being beaten with the belt. And then they're loving me again. And then I'm beaten with the bel,t going back and forth. I do wonder…I do believe that there were there were some kind of protection outcomes that came from the love that was shown, but the unpredictability of it was, was very difficult because the relationship to violence was weird. Like it because violence was almost framed as love. Dr. Garner: Yeah. That's one of the one of the big paradoxes, I think, of corporal punishment is that having been a victim of corporal punishment, that increases your risk of being a victim of other physical violence down the line, which is sort of counterintuitive. But I think it gets at what you were saying there is that leads to what those expectations of what love are.And throughout my research, I found disturbing instances where enslavers used Bible verses to justify corporal punishment and enslavement. This deeply troubled me as both a Christian and a Black man. I've often heard the phrase "Spare the rod, spoil the child," which, contrary to widespread belief, isn't even in the Bible. And even still, this metaphorical use emphasizes guidance and care rather than punishment. Dr Garner's wife is a Methodist pastor, and I talked to him about how people have often manipulated and weaponized scriptures and proverbs to justify and advance slavery, whipping, and their own agendas. As a result, generations of people have come to believe that it is moral, righteous, and holy to beat children. Dr. Garner: I think it's very upsetting when, these scriptures are being used in a way to propagate violence, when clearly that is not what Christ's intention was. He said, bring the children to me. Bring the children to me. Right. He didn't say, bring them to me so I can whip them. Right. Said, be like a child. Be be like a child. Be empathic. Be full of wonder. Right. And somehow we sort of lost that. So, discipline, you know, comes from the Latin word to teach. Right? So it doesn't mean to punish. Right. And of course there are multiple types of punishment, which actually runs the spectrum right from, a loss of privileges, right. So, you know, if you, you lose your driver's license, if you speed too much, right, to possible incarceration and then all the way to physical harm and even even death. Right? So punishment is the, are those negative consequences. They're imposed for undesired behavior. But punishment is only one form of discipline. And the more we know about it, the more we know it's actually not as effective in the long term and actually can cause potential harm. Lee: And what I love about this research that you've done in everything that you're sharing with us today, is that you're showing that a child's brain is being wired as we go, right, that we're creating the future adult every day when we're working with that child. What do stress toxins do to the body in terms of health? Dr. Garner: Toxic stress, which can be precipitated by any number of different forms of adversity, is associated with basically all of the leading causes of death. Right? So if you want to look at, asthma, you want to look at cancer, do you want to look at suicide and mental health issues. You want to look at obesity. You want to look at substance abuse. Right. So I mean, there's no doubt that, when we are programmed to expect adversity, that we're going to find ways to try and cope. And so if you think about it, you know, people overeat and abuse substances and, are promiscuous for a reason. In the short term, they turn off the stress response. But in the long term, the worse health outcomes down the line. Right. And so, yeah, I mean, I think your point, though, that the brain is, is being made over time is really important, and so are the relationships. And so one way I think to try and frame all of this is affect regulation, how we handle our emotions. Because if you have an angry parent who's spanking a child, the message to the child is when you get angry, it's okay to hit right. And so, that's not what we really want for our kids in the long run. We actually want them, to learn that it's okay to have strong emotions. It's okay to be angry. It's okay to be frustrated. But when you have those emotions, what can we do with them? How can we channel them? Dr. Garner has worked with parents and treated children as a Primary Care Pediatrician for more than two decades. He co-authored the book "Thinking Developmentally: Nurturing Wellness in Childhood to Promote Lifelong Health" and the American Academy of Pediatrics' Policy Statement on Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress and Promoting Relational Health. As a speaker, he focuses on early brain and child development, preventing childhood toxic stress, and promoting early relational health, and he considers himself to be an advocate for all children and their families. Lee: And what do you tell parents when they bring their children in to be treated about corporal punishment? Dr. Garner: One, to heal any wounds that they've had as a parent? Because we've talked before, parents tend to parent the way they were parented. So, I'm going to want to know, what the stressors are in their life with, what the stressors were when they were kids. What a good question often is, what, did your parents do that you want to make sure you do for your kids? But then also, what are the things your parents did that you want to make sure you never do for your kids? As kids get older, I'm going to help them understand, that it's really not the behavior you want to focus on. That a child's behavior is always telling us there's something they need or something they want. And what we need to do is trying to interpret it and help them figure out a better way to have that behavior met. And so this starts really early, you know, with temper tantrums in 3 or 4 year olds. It's really not about the behavior. It's the emotion that's driving the behavior. And if we can help parents understand that, then we can help parents help their child say, look, you're allowed to be angry. You're allowed to be frustrated, allowed to be disappointed. But when that happens, we're not going to yell and scream. We're going to do the things that bring us joy. We're going to try and, spend some time doing some Legos or some coloring, teach them how to cope instead of just saying stop. The problem with, with corporal punishment and all punishments is it's basically saying, don't do this, don't do this, don't do this. And then the child, then in, in sort of in their own mind, thinks there's something wrong with me. Because I feel this way and the message needs to be, you're allowed to feel that way, but when you feel that way, do this instead. If the parent is able to say, I'm so sorry I lost it, I'm so sorry I used those harsh words. I'm so sorry I was demeaning. I'm going to try better and we're going to work together to build this relationship. Then that's what those kids are going to do someday, right? I mean, I tell kids that empathy is a superpower. It is an absolute superpower. Not everyone has it, but we can teach it. And when you have it that allows you to repair, that allows you to have relationships. After speaking with Dr. Garner I want to believe that if more well-meaning parents knew hitting their children can also harm their brains and emotional health as opposed to just being temporarily painful, fewer would do it. However, in a country where hitting children is part of a centuries-long pattern of violence, and amid a system that offers the smallest people the least protection, I understand why many believe hitting children is beneficial, especially for Black children.But now that I'm out of that situation, I do view it as abuse and a legacy of my country's legal system and culture, and the enslavement and torture of my people. And it's not just in the home - in 17 states across the U.S. corporal punishment is legal in public schools. Most of these states allow educators to hit students three times in the rear with a long wooden board. And in all states except for just a few, corporal punishment is allowed in private schools.To help me understand it more I reached out to Professor Geoff Ward at Washington University in St Louis. He's a historical sociologist and the director of the Washington Slavery Project. Some of his work connects the dots between the history of lynching in southern states with the modern usage of corporal punishment in schools today. I've had a couple conversations with Professor Ward, the first time was about 2020. I spoke to him again more recently to learn more about the logic of racial violence, how it intersects with our judicial system and how we can break the cycles of racial violence. Lee: You know, before when we talked, we talked a lot about racialized social control. Can you give us a definition, to hold on to here? Prof. Ward: I think a good place to start would be is to recognize that we live in a racialized social system, a society where rewards are allocated along racial lines, where meaning is constructed along racial lines, things like, you know, reliability or, beauty, or intelligence, morality, are riddled with racial logic because we live in a society where race has sort of been infused in the way we relate to and understand each other, the way the society has been organized. And in that context, social control becomes racialized. And social control generally describes the definition and enforcement of norms. And social control can be informal, you know, a sideways glance or a disapproving look. But we also have systems of formal control. And that brings in the State. And our regulatory systems, our courts, our criminal legal system and so forth that are part of the system of social control. And, you know, all of that complex is racialized.I remember reading Professor Ward's work and being shocked by his citation of a 1901 Alabama constitutional debate over the legality of whipping prisoners, in which a county official remarked that “everybody knows the character of a Negro and knows that there is no punishment in the world that can take the place of the lash with him.” And he noted, that juvenile court records from 1930s-era North Carolina reveal that court-ordered whippings were reserved almost exclusively for Black boys and girls, given “widespread feelings among white county juvenile court judges that whipping is the most effective way of handling delinquent Negros."Another court official noted a common diversionary practice of “sendingdelinquent Black boys downstairs with a big police officer to have themflogged” prior to release.Prof. Ward: So this was a an example we, we used from the historical record in the article I mentioned where we examined how histories of racist violence, particularly lynching, relate to patterns of corporal punishment in contemporary public schools. Where we found that, that net of other factors, every additional lynching in the history of a county increased significantly the odds that a child would be corporally punished in a school in that county. This was after accounting for things like how, the funding of the school, the racial makeup of the school, whether it's urban or rural, how experienced the teachers are, how religiously conservative the residents of the county are, and so forth. And in that article, we used the story you're referring to to provide some context for how this relationship could come to exist. How is it that contemporary schools, likelihood of using violent strategies of school discipline has anything to do with the history of slavery or lynching in in that county? What is the story there? What are the mechanisms that connect the past to the present? And we cited that example because it speaks to the racial logic of corporal punishment, the idea that African-Americans are not fully human, are not sentient beings, can cannot be, influenced through, you know, appeals to things like morality or decency or logic, you know, white supremacism historically asserted that that Black people could not think deeply about anything. And so you and so this what this judge is saying in this case and we found numerous examples of this, judges, legislators, you know, rationalizing corporal punishment. And was saying that, you have to appeal, you have to reach, you have to address African-Americans through pain. Lee: Yeah. Prof. Ward: Because, because the you can't reach them through the brain. Lee: Yes. And and what I love about your research is that you've really just blown the doors off of this and shown that the public record is full of governmental rationalizations of violence against Blacks, even after emancipation. you show that African-Americans have always been framed as warranting more violent control strategies. And this is deeply rooted in the idea that we are not fully human. Is that something that you just have seen all through your research? Prof. Ward: Well, yeah, it is, I know it has to also be said that that, you know, racialized social systems are contested. You know, this this idea, this attempt to dehumanize African Americans, never actually fully succeeded. It resulted in a tremendous amount of oppression and pain and violence and death and so forth. But, simultaneously, you know, my research is also showing that Black communities and their allies are countering these measures. But even with respect to the juvenile justice system in my book, ‘The Black Child-Savers' is mostly about how generations of Black women organized, beginning in the 1890s, to dismantle this Jim Crow juvenile justice system. And, they were fundamentally motivated by their own recognition that Black children and people were, in fact, fully human and fully capable of realizing the benefits of a more enlightened approach to social control. One that focused on, on child welfare and development. You know, the system that was being developed for white kids, who were not being subject as much to this, yeah, this brutality. And so they did create, you know, other kinds of institutions and practices that also have to be kept in mind as we think about the sort of how this history unfolded. Lee: You talk about the connection between corporal punishment and the history of lynching, which is really an incredible contribution to this body of work. Lee: Are you still seeing the trend in which, historical areas where lynching was the most prevalent tend to correspond to the amount of corporal punishment that's being done in a particular school district? Prof. Ward: There certainly have been study after study showing that that that histories, area histories of lynching and other racialized violence, predict contemporary patterns of of conflict and violence and inequality. Things like, Black victim homicide rates today and, patterns of vote suppression and white supremacist mobilization, you know, and, white political conservativism, things like Black infant mortality or racially disparate infant mortality, differences in heart disease. I mean, all kinds of contemporary outcomes have been shown by social scientists to be associated with histories of racial violence in, in specific areas. So I would I would imagine that, you know, that that the relationships we saw with respect to corporal punishment in schools, have not suddenly gone away. Understanding how governmental institutions have historically ensured that Black children are subjected to corporal punishment, including in schools, helps me see why my parents feared they had to use violence to protect me. They were conditioned by a system of legal white supremacy to equate violence with love. Like agents of the state, they and generations of Black parents saw violence as a necessity, convinced that nonviolent reasoning wouldn't work with a Black boy.As a result, while my parents were opposed to police violence, they turned our living room into a whipping station, becoming indirect agents of the very police brutality our people protested. Each generation in my family had a hypervisible white police officer who symbolized the need to beat Black children. For my father's generation, it was Birmingham's white supremacist "Commissioner of Public Safety" Bull Connor. In my generation, it was the officers who brutalized Rodney King, and epithet using Officer Mark Fuhrman from the O.J. Simpson trial. For Millennials and Gen Z, it's Derek Chauvin, who murdered George Floyd. It felt as if my parents unconsciously partnered with America's most racist police elements to enforce violence and keep their Black son in line.As I delved deeper, I saw similar patterns among some Black educators and religious leaders. Despite the disproportionate use of corporal punishment against Black children, many administrators and school board members advocated for its use. Legendary psychiatry professor Alvin Pouissaint once told me he once traveled to the South to lobby for the repeal of corporal punishment, only to find that Black educators and leaders were some of its most vocal proponents. One of the school board members who once adamantly advocated for corporal punishment in Mississippi was also a prominent pastor in the Black church. He was one of the many people I'd studied who used the Bible to justify their pro corporal punishment stance Prof. Ward: I think one of the issues here, which relates to what we're talking about in terms of Black religious leaders, is there's an issue here of a kind of sovereignty where local community figures in a context of generally diminished power, economic power, political power, are holding on to a form of power that they do have, which is in the home, through the church, and saying, look, don't, let this, you know, social research fool you. And don't listen to these people who aren't from here and don't know our ways and aren't part of our church. We know what works, we've been whipped and we're fine, and listen to me, and I think there is a fair amount of, you know, manipulation on this issue that is about really about power. About holding on to power, holding onto power in community context, but also asserting power, as you mentioned, in the context of the home. In a society where, you know, there is so much humiliation and alienation, and and refusal of influence on things like, policy and practice and so forth. We commemorated Doctor Martin Luther King Junior, and I was part of an event at my university where we specifically focused on his theme - beloved community. And, our conversation is making me think about, you know, some of the basic, you know, fundamental, tenets of this concept of beloved community, which include that we are stuck in a society marked by, you know, a chain of violence, you know, where we're just in this situation where violence is seemingly a constant. It's almost how we communicate. He talked about how our society is organized by fear and resentment and that fear, you know, the politics of fear and resentment... We for good reason often in that in that context, think about, you know, white reactionary politics. But but our conversation today is also about how fear and resentment contribute to other communities and, and their politics and that are, that are part of this larger chain of violence. If we're ever going to realize this idea of a beloved community, you know, that is a community organized by mutual understanding and universal goodwill. And King, King stressed that to get there, we'd have to reckon with these realities of how our politics of difference breed violence, breed fear and resentment. We'd have to get to a place of mutual understanding and goodwill and, and, you know, for example, to see our to see how, we have common interests in an issue like corporal punishment, whether it affects us directly or not, we have interest in creating a society where we aren't, reifying a culture of violence starting in the high chair, or assuming that there is also going to be an electric chair. How do we get to that place where we collectively disavow, violence as a means of social organization? Lee: Geoff Ward, thank you so much. This has been powerful. And we'll keep the dialog going. But thank you for the wonderful work that you're doing. Fabulous. Keep up the good work. Prof. Ward: Thank you. Lee, it's great to talk to you again. Lee: All right, brother.For years, I had an inner voice that told me, "My parents hate me." So much around us in America, from Black comedians who entertain and electrify crowds with their jokes about beating Black kids, tells us that there is often great contempt for Black children – that they hold the lowest standing in society and therefore should be violently punished with impunity. It takes a countercultural, conscious Black parent to see that every Black child deserves life, liberty, happiness, and positive reinforcement every day.These interviews helped me understand that the first step towards breaking this toxic belief—that violence with Black children is a necessity—is recognizing that they possess bodily integrity and innate intelligence and are neither superhuman nor subhuman, even if the broader society doesn't always see them in that light. We must be careful about internalizing the historical belief that Black children are built differently than white children and can endure more pain. The reams of science proving that corporal punishment has harmful long-term effects apply to them too. I believe that my parents and others unconsciously internalized these classically American beliefs about Black children. We have experienced every facet of America, from its deepest injustices to its greatest achievements. Because of that, it is easy to embrace the prevailing philosophies of this country that we played a heavy hand in building—we are deeply interwoven with its history and its belief system. But those who continue to advocate violence against Black children in homes and schools must reject those racist beliefs and instead embrace a new paradigm that sees and nurtures the full potential and worth of our children.There's a gospel song that says, “He saw the best in me when everyone else around could only see the worst in me.” We need more Black parents and communities to take the lead in seeing the best in our children. I hope that, armed with information about the generational and ongoing cycle of governmentally codified violence against our children, combined with the ever-evolving neuroscience showing that even the anticipation of being beaten can trigger the brain in ways that lead to anxiety in adulthood, more parents—Black and of all races—and school administrators will make a conscious decision to retire the hand, tree branch, belt, and wooden boards of the slavery and Jim Crow eras. We need to breathe life and affirmation into all children, ensuring they grow up with the support and validation they need to thrive, both at home and in society.If corporal punishment was designed to protect Black children, did it really help when it came to growing up in a predominantly white neighborhood? Black kids and the American Dream - that's the next episode of What Happened In Alabama…CREDITSWhat Happened In Alabama is a production of American Public Media. It's written, produced and hosted by me, Lee Hawkins.Our executive producer is Erica Kraus. Our senior producer is Kyana Moghadam.Our story editor is Martina Abrahams Ilunga. Our lead writer is Jessica Kariisa.Our producers are Marcel Malekebu and Jessica Kariisa. This episode was sound designed and mixed by Marcel Malekebu. Our technical director is Derek Ramirez. Our soundtrack was composed by Ronen Lando. Our fact checker is Erika Janik.And Nick Ryan is our director of operations.Special thanks to the O'Brien Fellowship for Public Service Journalism at Marquette University; Dave Umhoefer, John Leuzzi, Andrew Amouzou and Ziyang Fu. And also thanks to our producer in Alabama, Cody Short. The executives in charge at APM are Joanne Griffith and Chandra Kavati.You can follow us on our website, whathappenedinalabama.org or on Instagram at APM Studios.Thank you for listening.

Exmouth has become the fifth UK council to endorse the call for a global Plant Based Treaty to address food impacts on the climate emergency, joining climate leaders Edinburgh, Norwich, Lambeth and Haywards Heath. In a statement issued by Exmouth Town Council, they said, "Exmouth Town Council has declared its commitment to making Exmouth cleaner, greener and healthier by endorsing the call for the Plant Based Treaty. This endorsement was made as part of their Climate Action Plan, which aims to combat the climate crisis and make the town a thriving, zero-carbon community." Exmouth aims to reduce carbon footprint Exmouth resident and Town Councillor, Louise Venables, expressed her pride in the town's efforts to become a zero-carbon community and the importance of endorsing the Plant Based Treaty at a critical time, "Switching to an increasingly plant-based diet is the simplest and one of the most effective actions we can take to reduce our carbon emissions. Plant-based diets can also improve health, remedy biodiversity, improve animal welfare, and be financially beneficial. Andrew Garner, Plant Based Treaty UK campaigner, said, "2023 was the world's hottest year on record, and Exmouth has rightfully recognised the importance of plant-based food solutions and rewilding to address multiple planetary crises. Their climate leadership in calling for a Plant Based Treaty offers hope that we can address food emissions which account for a third of greenhouse gas emissions. In the Plant Based Treaty motion, which passed at a full council meeting in December, Exmouth committed to a number of plant-based food and rewilding policies: Promote plant-based foods. Include campaigns/activities to encourage a switch to plant-based foods in our Climate Action Plan Design public information campaigns to raise awareness about the climate and the environmental advantages and health benefits of plant-based food, nutrition and cooking Aim to reduce the public's consumption of animal-based food through education in schools, organisations and local businesses Transition to plant-based meal plans when catering for climate-related meetings, events etc. Help to restore key ecosystems and reforest the earth. Support reforestation projects and convene a tree forum to provide transparency and encourage collaboration between stakeholders in Exmouth Focus shift on nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation (in ETC's consultative planning role) Cities: support initiatives to increase trees and wildflowers, increase green community projects, wildlife corridors, green rooftops, local growing schemes, work towards biodiversity increases (in our consultative planning role and in our environment policy) Enhance food justice by supporting projects that provide access to healthy food for all, especially low-income communities (support projects like Mushroom, a food community network in Exmouth) Background The Plant Based Treaty is modelled on the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty and inspired by treaties that have addressed the threats of ozone layer depletion and nuclear weapons. It has been endorsed by 24 municipalities worldwide, including Edinburgh, Norwich, Lambeth, Exmouth, Haywards Heath and Los Angeles. Since its launch in August 2021, the initiative has received support from 130,000 individual endorsers, 5 Nobel laureates, IPCC scientists, and more than 3000 groups and businesses, including Veganuary, Ecotricity, Linda McCartney Foods, Plant Based Health Professionals, UK Health Alliance on Climate Change, and chapters of Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. The Plant Based Treaty has secured high-profile endorsements from celebrities, including Chris Packham and Paul, Mary and Stella McCartney, who issued a written statement calling for politicians to support the Plant-Based Treaty. They said: "We believe in justice for animals, the environment and people. That's why we support the Plant Based Treaty and urge individuals and gove...

https://swiy.co/WhatAreYourThoughtsIn a world where pediatricians hold the key to promoting healthy relationships and emotional well-being, this latest episode delves into the transformative power of recognizing and addressing toxic stress in children. Join Dr. Lia Gaggino and renowned pediatrician, Andy Gardner, expertly navigates the terrain of primary prevention and the crucial role pediatricians play in shaping the future of our youth. This episode will uncover the secrets to safeguarding children's mental health and well-being. Lia as she explores Andy's insights on primary prevention, emotional management, and the profound impact of nurturing relationships. Discover how this episode sheds new light on the crucial role pediatricians play in building a foundation for children's long-term resilience and well-being. [00:33 -15:01] The Importance of Primary Prevention in Child DevelopmentHolistic public health must embrace both primary prevention and specific interventions.Preventing toxic stress in kids is achievable with primary preventive measures.Proactive public health advocates for relational health.Preventing toxic stress and promoting relational health in public health are linked.[15:02- 26:34] Building Trust in Pediatric Relationships Trust in pediatric care involves the triad of parent, child, and healthcare professional.Pediatricians must grasp family dynamics to offer thorough care.Pediatricians juggle clinical record-keeping with fostering therapeutic bonds.Trust is essential for effective treatments and a child's positive developmental path.[26:35 - 46:17] Fostering Emotional Resilience in Parent-Child DynamicsEncourage parents to engage with their child's emotions to minimize defensive actions.Use trauma-focused CBT techniques to help children's emotional needs and behaviors.Emphasize empathy and understanding in caregiving before immediate behavior correction.Highlight the lasting advantages of parental emotional presence for a child's development.[46:18 - 59:20] Enhancing Child Growth with Positive ParentingPediatricians champion positive reinforcement to enhance child strengths.'Catching children being good' boosts positive behavior and self-worth.Aiming for ten praises per criticism sustains a positive parent-child bond.Emphasizing children's strengths fosters better development and emotional control.[59:21 - 01:05:17] Closing segment TakeawayLinks to resources mentioned on the showAAP Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress Policy Statement - https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/148/2/e2021052582AAP Trauma Informed Care in Health Systems Policy Statement - https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/148/2/e2021052579Trauma Informed Care Clinical Report - https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/148/2/e2021052580Thinking Developmentally by Andrew Garner and Robert Saul - https://shop.aap.org/Thinking-Developmentally-Paperback-en.aspxACES...

With special guest: pediatrician and developmental neuroscientist, Dr. Andrew Garner.

Ever wonder what sort of biology drives so much of what we experience while parenting our children?  In this episode of ParentTalk, we pull back the curtain on how it all really works with one of the world's experts on the subject, developmental neuroscientist and practicing pediatrician, Dr. Andrew Garner.

September 3, 2023 | Our church planting resident Andrew Garner finishes our sermon series "Jesus:____."

About or guest today , Dr. Garner earned his bachelor's degree in psychobiology from Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pa. He earned a PhD in Neuroscience in 1996 followed by a Doctor of Medicine with distinction in neuroscience from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1997. He completed a residency in pediatrics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. A national expert on early brain development and the factors affecting it, Dr. Garner has been an invited lecturer at numerous national and international pediatric professional meetings and conferences, speaking on topics such as the impact of stress and trauma on the developing brain. He also has published extensively on early brain development in pediatric medical journals and neuroscience journals. With grants from the Woodruff Foundation, a Cleveland-based foundation that supports quality mental health care services in Cuyahoga County, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, Dr. Garner has worked to improve access to mental health services.Please subscribe to our podcast on apple or amazon and give us a great review. You can make suggestions for guest and topics on our web site below. Thanks for listening. Follow us on social media YouTube, Instagram, Web PageThe Pediatric Lounge - A Podcast taking you behind the door of the Physician's Lounge to get a deeper insight into just what docs are talking about today, from the clinically profound to the wonderfully routine...and everything in between.The conversations are not intended as medical advice and the opinions expressed are solely those of the host and guest.

Employers spend $1000s to replace and rehire an employee so it's critical that business leaders respond to the demands and needs of their hourly workforce with new resources and tools that keep them engaged and happy. In this HRchat episode, we consider why offering things like same-day digital access to tips and early access to earned wages can help organizations retain their staff. Bill Banham's guest this time is Andrew Garner SVP and General Manager of Business Partnerships at Netspend, provider of payments and financial solutions for consumers and businesses. As the trusted partner to many of the world's most recognized brands, Netspend connects people, brands and payment products to deliver helpful financial solutions.Questions for Andy Include: You're quoted in benefitnews.com as saying “People are looking for different experiences [at work] — and it goes back to employees reflecting on their career and their life... They're looking for certain things like higher wages, or immediate access to their tips or earned wages every single day.” What's changed in the past couple of years to cause this reflection and how much has better tech contributed to expectations around getting paid faster? The idea of earned wage access is quickly becoming a key tool for recruitment and retention. Please explain the process and offer stats around how many employees in the US and elsewhere could benefit. How can financial insecurity impact employee mental wellbeing? Considering that the loss of a single hourly worker can cost an average of $4k to replace and rehire for the position, why do you believe there's a pressing need for business leaders to get creative with new resources and tools for better financial management and earned wage access for their employees?More About NetspendA pioneer in providing financial services to traditionally underserved consumers, Netspend is continuing to make payments accessible to more markets in more ways. Netspend's open technology platform enables businesses to quickly and securely embed payments solutions into their ecosystems and seamlessly brings innovation to market. Netspend products can be acquired online, through its mobile apps, and at more than 100,000 locations nationwide including retail outlets, tax preparation offices, and financial service providers, and through corporate pay card and tips partners. Based in Austin, Texas, Netspend is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Global Payments Inc.We do our best to ensure editorial objectivity. The views and ideas shared by our guests and sponsors are entirely independent of The HR Gazette, HRchat Podcast, and Iceni Media Inc.  

Andrew Garner, MD, PhD, FAAP, is a Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine and a Primary Care Pediatrician with University Hospitals Medical Practices in Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Garner is a product of the Medical Scientist Training (MD, PhD) Program at CWRU and the Pediatric Residency Training Program at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.  Dr. Garner is the co-author of the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) original (2012) and recently revised (2021) Policy Statements on Childhood Toxic Stress. He has also co-authored an AAP-published book entitled “Thinking Developmentally.” Dr. Garner is a past-president of the Ohio Chapter of the AAP, and he has served on several AAP Leadership Workgroups, including Early Brain and Child Development, Epigenetics, and Poverty.  Dr. Garner is passionate about promoting the safe, stable and nurturing relationships that buffer toxic stress and build the rudiments of resilience [00:01] Dr. Andrew Garner Shares His Story With Us I introduce and welcome Dr. Andrew Garner Why pursue pediatrics?  Andy shares his reasons [06:00] Safe, Stable, and Nurturing Relationships Andy talks about the effects of adverse experiences to children He shares some interesting insights about biological changes due to toxic stress Adversity is not destiny and here's why The role of relational health in resolving toxic stress and adverse children experiences Why relationships should only be built, but nurtured as well Andy explains [17:40] Public Health Approach and Positive Experiences Is there a connection between adversity and positive experiences? The role of pediatricians in promoting positive experiences among children  How to apply public health approach in addressing adverse experiences Don't miss our exchange about the “universal prevention” How pediatricians think in a multi-generational manner [29:01] Strong Emotions Are Superpowers Pediatricians can also support the parents, and here's how Our only lever for change Andy breaks down the concept of bio-behavioral synchrony What the society can improve on in terms of handling and showing emotions He talks about how children can channel strong emotions into worthwhile endeavors [39:35] Transform Pain, Not Transmit It How people really deal with stress Pain not transformed is transmitted to others Listen to our exchange about anti-vaccine movements How can healthcare providers simplify the benefits of vaccines  [48:20] Closing Segment   Don't miss Andy's message for his resident self Final takeaways: AAP's policy statements on toxic stress and trauma The relation between adverse childhood experiences and behavioral outcomes Adversity is not destiny Safe, stable, and nurturing relationships buffer and create positive experiences Building partnerships and systems to lift kids up The role of public health approach in promoting positive experiences among kids What to understand about relational health The social circles around the children Building solid therapeutic relationships with parents and patients How pediatricians can build their own resilience Key Quotes: “All kids need positive experiences to thrive.” - Dr. Andrew Garner “What we all strive for as human beings is to be in sync with others.” - Dr. Andrew Garner Email andrew.garner@uhhospitals.org to reach out to Andy or follow him on http://twitter.com/DocAndGar (Twitter). Check out https://www.uhhospitals.org/ to know more about his work. Resources Mentioned: https://bit.ly/3i5fT7l (AAP Policy Statement: Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress) https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/148/2/e2021052579 (AAP Policy Statement: Trauma-Informed Care in Child Health Systems) https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/148/2/e2021052580 (AAP Policy Statement: Trauma Informed Care Clinical Report) Book:...

“Toxic stress defines the problem.  Relational health defines the solution.”  This is the core of the recent revision to the American Academy's policy statement on toxic stress, and co-author Dr. Andrew Garner joins us to explain how we need to move beyond adverse childhood experiences to discuss and support positive childhood experiences.  The number one element?  The presence of safe, stable, and nurturing relationships, which proactively build the resilience needed to cope with future adversity.

This episode starts with the August edition of First Up. Rachel Moon, MD, FAAP, associate editor of Digital Media for Pediatrics, joins hosts David Hill, MD, FAAP, and Joanna Parga-Belinkie, MD, FAAP, for a bird's-eye view of what's in the journal. The hosts also interview Andrew Garner, MD, PhD, FAAP, about using “relational health” to prevent and mitigate toxic stress. For resources go to aap.org/podcast.

With so much uncertainty in the pandemic… The last thing anyone wants to worry about is getting paid. Luckily, like everything else digital, the pandemic is accelerating existing trends. And that’s making it easier for everyone to get paid when they need it. My guest today is Andrew Garner, Senior Vice President/General Manager, Business Partnerships at Netspend, where he’s helping solve payroll problems for the pandemic and beyond. In this episode, we discuss: How the pandemic is affecting payroll Existing trends that are being accelerated by the crisis The future of payrollTo ensure that you never miss an episode of Payments Innovation, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or here and don’t forget to check out our YouTube! Until next time!

Thanks for checking this one out! Andrew and I have known each other for over 20 years. Some of my earliest experiences playing music as a kid were with Andrew so it was a lot of fun catching up and chatting about his musical journey. Here are links to Andrew's tunes... https://www.facebook.com/andrewslegendpage https://www.reverbnation.com/andrewslegend --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/soivebeentold/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/soivebeentold/support

You asked, and we delivered! As we collected questions from YOU, our WeSTAT community about what you wanted to ask Dr. Rachel about regarding The Corona and your kids-the most popular query centered around the social and emotional health of our kiddos and back to school. In this episode, the Ohio chapter Pediatrician of the Year (2019) for the American Academy of Pediatrics, Dr. Andrew Garner, answers our plethora of questions on how all this COVID stress is impacting our kids. Whether it is in person-school, virtual learning, socialization, or the lack thereof, and the stress that hangs over us all like the heavy cloud of 2020, Dr. Garner, who co-authored the AAP's technical report and policy statement on childhood toxic stress, gives us many tangible takeaways and ideas on how to best manage this historic time, even if they can't be black and white.Show Notes:Meet Dr. Andrew! Andrew Garner, MD, PhD, FAAP, is a pediatrician, author and child advocate. He is a graduate of Swarthmore College, the medical scientist (MD, PhD) training program at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), and the pediatric residency training program at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Garner has practiced primary care pediatrics with University Hospitals of Cleveland for twenty years. A Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the CWRU School of Medicine, Dr. Garner co-authored the American Academy of Pediatrics’ policy statement and technical report on childhood toxic stress and a book entitled “Thinking Developmentally: Nurturing Wellness in Childhood to Promote Lifelong Health.” When not practicing pediatrics, writing about toxic stress, or advocating for children and their families, Dr. Garner enjoys hiking, fishing, watching baseball, and spending some quality time with his wife, two adult children, and the family dog, Bear.Thinking Developmentally: Nurturing Wellness in Children to Develop Life Long Health https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Developmentally-Nurturing-Wellness-Childhood-ebook/dp/B07F6W4PJGSupport the show (http://www.paypal.com)

Sentencing of Jihad Jamie, Abu Hamza reveals his extensive collaboration with MI5 & the police, Al-Baghdadi announces IS caliphate, Andrew Garner killed by NYPD after complaining of not being able to breathe.

In the eighth episode of “From the Panther Pit” of the 2019-2020 school year, Sports Editor Ben Barkley and Staff Writer Daniel Stackhouse recap the first few weeks of winter sports actions of the second semester. The two recap the recent performances of the wrestling, swimming, and boys' and girls' basketball teams. Included are interviews wrestling coach Andrew Garner, girls' basketball coach Emily Sweeney, boys' basketball head coach Josh Reeves, sophomore basketball player Malachi Townsend, and senior basketball player Alice Anne Hudson.

Marco Canora and Andrew Garner are the force behind Brodo – the fresh bone broth that jumpstarted the broth trend in 2014. That winter, Marco opened a little window next to his award-winning restaurant Hearth, in the East Village. Soon after, Andrew came to Brodo as its CEO. On this episode of ITS, Ali speaks with Marco and Andrew about how the relationship came to be, how it works now, and what Brodo is up to in 2020.The holiday season is all about food and community. There’s no better time to show your support for food radio by becoming a member! Lend your voice and help HRN continue to spreading the message of equitable, sustainable, and delicious food – together, we can change minds and build a better food system. Go to heritageradionetwork.org/donate today to become a crucial part of the HRN community.In the Sauce is powered by Simplecast. 

Get $25 off any wildlife feeder from Outdoor Addiction Products with code feedbandit through July 31st, 2019! In this episode we talk with Matt Autenrieth & Andrew Garner, founders of Outdoor Addiction Products (https://oahunting.com/). We had a great time discussing their amazing feeders built right here in Texas. They’ve really thought through their feeder design […]

Mild-mannered reporters by day, Greg Phillips and Nick Duke share an intense love of comic books that has made them the Hard-Traveling Fanboys. In this special year-end edition of Countdown, the boys are joined in person at an undisclosed location by peers and luminaries Todd Weber, Russell Sellers, Jennifer Smith and Andrew Garner to count down the best comic book movies of the year! From Wonder Woman to Logan, there are laughs and fights a-plenty in this one!

Always be cautious when "Among Us Hide…" some dangerous people and secrets. After rescuing Andrew Garner from the explosion that we believed left him dead, May and Bobbi track down Strucker to find the secret hiding place of Grant Ward. But they discover a much more shocking secret instead. And Daisy, Mack, and Hunter discover that the ATCU is really keeping Inhumans in stasis and Coulson seems to be OK with it! Send in the drones! Don't bother, they're here along with Jay and Josh who will break it all down on this week's Case Files. Download now, and so you can decrypt the data-stream directly to your MP3 player!

Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. enjoys the week's Marvel's Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. episode One Of Us! The hosts also take time to discuss the week in Marvel news and review down all the awesome Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. feedback.   New places to listen to Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Podcast [1:50]   Windows 8: Podcast Source App Spreaker (From the start of the Agent Carter Event On) Mixcloud Soundcloud (last 1-2 episodes)   Also you can still find us on: Stitcher iTunes gonnageek.com legendsofshield.com legendsofshield.libsyn.com   PlanetCon ComicCon Mar 13-15, 2015 Kansas City Report [3:13]   Our very own Agent Haley went to Kansas City's Planet Comic and she gives her report from the awesome weekend including her time with Ming-Na Wen and she teases returning with great Con audio to be shared int eh future    Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. One Of Us [4:21]   Welcome to the Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. discussion of the Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 2 episode 13 One Of Us! Which "quarter" of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. so far is your favorite? What's up with the two S.H.I.E.L.D. organizations? Just where are Raina, Ward, Agent 33, and the Koenigs and which S.H.I.E.L.D. owns the Koenig's? We enjoy getting all the backstories with Gordon, Cal, Agent May and her husband Dr. Andrew Garner. How secrets were supposed to gone forever and they are back in a BIG way including Coulson's secret grilled cheese ingredient. What's the picture of on Dr. Garner's desk? Why didn't Gordon take Skye instead of Cal in the football stadium? What is the comic background of Cal's Screaming Talon team? Lauren fills us in! Lauren also fills us in with skin growing into ... stuff. Did May make a mistake? Nooooo! Skye can vibrate HERSELF apart?  We're all excited for Edward James Olmos Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. debut and Lucy Lawless' return next week! Is it Tuesday yet? - Episode Transcript:   http://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewtopic.php?f=140&t=17305   - Episode Director:   Directed By: Kevin Tancharoen . 11 episodes. Mortal Kombat: Legacy http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1160495/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1   - Episode Writer(s):   Written By: Monica Owusu-Breen. EXTENSIVE background. Co-Exec Producer for ALL AoS. 12 Revolution. 43 Fringe. 8 Episodes of Lost, 22 Episodes of Alias. 12 Episodes of Charmed. Writer, and editing credits galore too http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1044428/?ref_=fn_nm_nm_1   - EXTRAS:   Escape to Witch Mountain http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072951/   L.A. Law http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090466/   The B Team - Robot Chicken on Adult Swim Video http://www.adultswim.com/videos/robot-chicken/the-b-team/   Microsoft Band http://www.pcworld.com/article/2840978/microsoft-enters-smartwatch-market-with-200-microsoft-band.html   NEWS [35:23]   - RATINGS   4.29 million   Agent Carter Time Shifted (Live+7)   Episode Number Episode Title Live+SD Live+7 % Increase 1 Now Is Not The End 6.91 10.16 47% 2 Bridge And Tunnel 6.91 10.16 47% 3 Time And Tide 5.1 7.66 50% 4 The Blitzkrieg Button 4.63 7.16 55% 5 The Iron Ceiling 4.2 N/A N/A 6 A Sin To Err 4.25 N/A 64%* 7 SNAFU 4.15 6.24 50% 8 Valediction 4.02 N/A 69%**   * Adult 18-49 Live + 7 rating increase ** Adult 18-49 Live +7 rating increase Information current as of 14 March 2015   - NEWS ITEMS   "AGENTS OF SHIELD'S" PALICKI & BLOOD ON MOCKINGBIRD & HUNTER'S ROCKY RELATIONSHIP http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/agents-of-shields-palicki-blood-on-mockingbird-hunters-rocky-relationship   EDWARD JAMES OLMOS ARRIVES, LUCY LAWLESS RETURNS IN NEW "AGENTS OF SHIELD" SYNOPSIS http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/edward-james-olmos-arrives-lucy-lawless-returns-in-new-agents-of-shield-synopsis http://comicbook.com/2015/03/14/agents-of-s-h-i-e-l-d-one-door-closes-synopsis-released-featurin/   UNSHIELDED: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INDEX, "CAPTAIN AMERICA: CIVIL WAR" & MORE http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/unshielded-the-significance-of-the-index-captain-america-civil-war-more   Clark Gregg Teases Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. And Avengers: Age Of Ultron Tie-In http://comicbook.com/2015/03/12/clark-gregg-teases-agents-of-s-h-i-e-l-d-and-avengers-age-of-ult/ Audio: https://soundcloud.com/ewradio/avengers-age-of-ultron-tie-in-on-marvels-agents-of-shield   Joss Whedon on Ultron for Marvel's Avengers: Age of Ultron https://youtu.be/tKa7gnk_-4E   THE TWINS TAKE OVER THE AGE OF ULTRON IN NEW POSTERS http://marvel.com/images/gallery/gallery/347/the_twins_take_over_the_age_of_ultron_in_new_posters#0-994582 http://www.themarysue.com/ultron-butt-pose/   Marvel's Captain America: Civil War Seeking New Extras http://comicbook.com/2015/03/14/marvels-captain-america-civil-war-seeking-new-extras/   Robert Downey, Jr. & Limbitless Solutions Deliver Iron Man-Inspired Bionic Arm http://marvel.com/news/movies/24248/robert_downey_jr_limbitless_solutions_deliver_iron_man-inspired_bionic_arm  --- The Light works   Iron Man Sneakers Coming From Reebok http://comicbook.com/2015/03/16/avengers-sneakers-coming-from-reebok/   Guardians Of The Galaxy Cut Scene Reveals Why Baby Groot Hid His Dancing From Drax http://comicbook.com/2015/02/22/guardians-of-the-galaxy-cut-scene-reveals-why-baby-groot-hid-his/   Marvel's Daredevil - Transformation Motion Poster https://youtu.be/jDjq1m9-jWU   'Marvel's Daredevil' For Netflix Reveals 6 Supporting Cast Members http://marvel.com/news/tv/24243/marvels_daredevil_for_netflix_reveals_6_supporting_cast_members#ixzz3Ul24TSTK   AKA Jessica Jones Star David Tennant On Visiting Marvel & Joining Their Universe http://comicbook.com/2015/03/17/aka-jessica-jones-star-david-tennant-on-visiting-marvel-joining-/   STUART IMMONEN JOINS STAR WARS http://marvel.com/news/comics/24274/stuart_immonen_joins_star_wars   Ruth Negga cast as Tulip in Preacher http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/preacher-casts-agents-of-shield-veteran-as-female-lead   Jason Momoa starting some stuff:   http://www.eonline.com/news/636804/did-aquaman-s-jason-momoa-write-fuck-marvel-on-a-fan-s-autograph-get-the-scoop-on-the-comic-book-feud     Feedback [61:16]   - Twitter   Christy ‏@adanagirl  16h16 hours ago @LegendsofSHIELD @MingNa has just been added to @dallascomiccon!   Richard ‏@KodiakGWC  24h24 hours ago @LegendsofSHIELD Here is a new twist on #GuardiansoftheGalaxy https://twitter.com/io9/status/577711035630649344 …   Dr. Gnome to you ‏@MrParacletes  Mar 16 @LegendsofSHIELD @AgentsofSHIELD @Marvel Warehouse 13 Pete & Kree-Pete are on a boat. Pete fell off, who's left? Kree-Pete! #JokeRemix   Caryl ‏@IlyanaRVS  Mar 14 @LegendsofSHIELD I just bought my first Funko last night and it's all your fault - he's on my desk and he's awesome! Note from Andiminga: Enjoying 2nd Season overall. Inhumans element sth new compared to Hydra and now how factions appear in the team. Plus Crazy Cal having fun.   Haley: general twittering with Caryl and Christy about funko figures   - Voicemail   Adam - Gordon with Skye’s Dad. Didn't like Supervillain teams. Another Shield   Operator - Real Shield - BSG Willie - Thor 2, Sitwell, Hartley   Outro [71:45] Haley, Lauren and Stargate Pioneer love to hear back from you about your top 5 Marvel character lists, your science of Marvel questions, why Wing is wrong at any time, who would you pick in an all-female Avenger team, or who’s Marvel abs you would like to see. Call the voicemail line at 1-844-THE-BUS1 or 844-843-2871. Join Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. next time as the hosts discuss the fourteenth episode of Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D., Love In The Time Of Hydra. You can listen in live when we record Wednesday nights at 8:00 PM Central time at live.legendsofshield.com. Contact Info: Please see www.legendsofshield.com for all of our contact information or call our voicemail line at 1-844-THE-BUS1 or 844-843-2871 Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Is a Proud Member Of The Gonna Geek Network (gonnageek.com). Standby for your S.H.I.E.L.D. debriefing ---

The @LegendsOfShield (Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D.) Agents Haley, Stargate Pioneer, Lauren and Consultant Wing take a week before the holidays to have some fun and watch the 2003 Ben Affleck Daredeveil film (Director's Cut). They also run down the week in Marvel news, run down all the awesome Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. feedback, and take a second for special holiday messages to listeners.   Daredevil (2003) Director’s Cut [1:56]   Ahmed BEst‏@ahmedbest JAR JAR WALKED SO GOLLUM COULD RUN, GOLLUM RAN SO THE NA'VI COULD FLY.  YOU'RE WELCOME JAMES CAMERON (saw Avatar Today on blu-ray) https://twitter.com/ahmedbest/status/12988184294   A Trip to the Moon / Le Voyage dans la lune - 1902 http://youtu.be/7JDaOOw0MEE   Favorite pre MCU Marvel movies: [27:28] -X-Men 2 -Blade -Spider-man 2 (2004)   News [57:23]   Haley - Blair Underwood cast as May’s ex Dr. Andrew Garner http://marvel.com/news/tv/23805/blair_underwood_joins_marvels_agents_of_shield   Lauren - Ancient One casting rumors http://www.slashfilm.com/doctor-strange-ancient-one/#more-269699   Wing - More Spidey/Marvel news http://www.latino-review.com/news/marvelous-da7e-75-the-spider-manmarvel-deal-is-very-much-alive http://badassdigest.com/2014/12/16/could-spider-man-still-appear-in-captain-america-civil-war?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+badassdigest+%28Badass+Digest+ALL%29o http://www.latino-review.com/news/marvel-wants-a-fresh-start-with-spider-man-without-andrew-garfield#u1gXLHFfjJhXIQ88.01   Haley - Russo brothers directing Avengers 3/4 http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Avengers-2-Last-Avengers-Directed-By-Joss-Whedon-68640.html   Lauren - Joss Whedon interview - “Something terrible is coming” http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/12/17/joss-whedon-on-avengers-age-of-ultron-something-terrible-is-coming-that-youll-love?utm_campaign=ign+main+twitter&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social   Haley - Benedict Cumberbatch cameo rumors http://www.inquisitr.com/1663905/avengers-age-of-ultron-reshoots-to-include-benedict-cumberbatch-cameo/   Lauren - GotG and Avengers won’t cross over “for now” http://www.avclub.com/article/guardians-galaxy-and-avengers-wont-overlap-now-212955?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=SocialMarketing&utm_campaign=Default:1:Default   Wing- Iron Man mark XLII suit pics http://www.latino-review.com/news/get-a-load-of-iron-mans-new-mark-xliii-suit-from-avengers-age-of-ultron   Lauren - Hot Toys finally selling Baby Groot! http://www.hottoys.com.hk/productDetail.php?productID=275   Haley - Agent Carter clip http://www.marvel.com/videos/watch/4896/marvels_agent_carter_season_1_ep_1_-_clip_1   Lauren- Agent Carter premiere episode names & episode descriptions http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=57708   Haley - Marvel Experience behind the scenes http://content.nerdist.com/previews/DSOkygM7-Y8zICmdy http://themarvelexperiencetour.com/   Lauren- Marvel 2014 holiday card   https://twitter.com/AgentM/status/545238557930295296   Feedback [79:24]   TWITTER   andiminga ‏@andiminga  Dec 11 @LegendsofSHIELD Your current engineer expert can surely explain if a normal San Juan roof can support the weight of a Quinjet.   andiminga ‏@andiminga  Dec 11 @LegendsofSHIELD I'm interested to see into what Reina has transformed.   Op ‏@The_Operator01  Dec 11 @andiminga @LegendsofSHIELD I think it;d be cool if she didn't at all. The one thing she always wanted..and she'll never have it.   Op ‏@The_Operator01  Dec 11 @andiminga @LegendsofSHIELD or maybe her power is minor..like she can only grow her fingernails or her farts smell like cherry blossoms   andiminga ‏@andiminga  Dec 11 @The_Operator01 @LegendsofSHIELD indeed in some glimpses her fingertips look bigger and some stings coming out of her face   Op ‏@The_Operator01  Dec 11 @LegendsofSHIELD @andiminga EXACTLY   andiminga ‏@andiminga  Dec 11 @LegendsofSHIELD @The_Operator01 Can she also turn into the Sarlacc?   Dr. Gnome to you ‏@MrParacletes  Dec 15 @LegendsofSHIELD What about Mephisto for Al Pacino? Does Marvel have the rights for him back?   Neil ‏@Neilisntwitty  Dec 16 @LegendsofSHIELD thx for the shout out guys! BTW, what about Pacino as Marvel's Mephisto (in Dr. Strange) or High Evolutionary (GotG2)   Op ‏@The_Operator01  5h5 hours ago @LegendsofSHIELD we know you're fancy...but are ypu in the fast lane? LA to Tokyo?   Richard ‏@KodiakGWC  2h2 hours ago http://www.sideshowtoy.com/collectibles/marvel-little-groot-hot-toys-902300/?utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Marketing&utm_content=902300_littlegroot_solicitation&utm_campaign=social_121714 … @sithwitch @LegendsofSHIELD @StargatePioneer  I think that I may have to get this one. FACEBOOK   Mary Kirk‎Legends Of SHIELD Podcast December 11 at 9:15am · So - do you think that the whole reason Raina got into wearing Flower dresses was because she was trying to get Dr. Cal to like her more - to feel closer to her - to make him feel more like she was his "Daisy"?   Willie Nelson‎Legends Of SHIELD Podcast   Just watched Guardians of the Galaxy again, Katherine Marie Thames-Nelson was holding on to her groot pop the whole time.   Guardians of the Shelf Legends Of SHIELD Podcast Like ·  · Share · December 15 · Edited FORUM NeilIsntWitty Post subject: Re: Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. #53 What They Become Posted: Tue Dec 16, 2014 9:09 pm     Joined: Sun Jun 22, 2014 2:59 pm Posts: 25 Location: Storybrooke & Starling City Hey guys, first up, just to follow up on my vm, truly awesome cast. The analysis on the Mid-Season Finale was epic and I can't wait to see how Team-Ward develops, or what Rayna becomes! I wanted to give a bit of background on Dane Whitman (AKA, the Black Knight) in case I can win any converts and move him up into the top-five of any other listeners…   Lauren, you’ve probably seen Dane Whitman in a recent issue of Original Sin, where Marvel explored the long term impact of the blood lust linked to the Ebony Blade. Either there or as a recurring character in the current run of Avengers: World as the current leader of Euroforce. Check out Original Sin #2 of 5, as well as Avengers World #12.   http://www.comicvine.com/original-sins- ... 00-457648/ http://www.comicvine.com/avengers-world-12/4000-463980/   Haley, you'll probably run into a great run of Black Knight pretty soon! One of my favourite appearances of both the Black Knight and Valkyrie (see my all-female avengers line-up) was in Defenders #4 from 1973. Its one of the first comics that I ever remember coveting back in the late 70s or very early 80s, probably from my Dad’s stash (I was too young to have picked it up myself when it came out). The heavy mystical/fantasy leanings of the early Defenders (including Dr. Strange, Black Knight, Valkyrie, Hawkeye) made a big impact on a fledgling D&D geek.   http://www.comicvine.com/the-defenders- ... 000-12921/   Dane Whitman first appeared with the Avengers in 1967 in Avengers #48, then moved around the Marvel universe for a while, including the Defenders as I mentioned. He later shows up again in the 1982s in Avengers #225 (in the middle of the epic Hank Pym & Janet Van Dyne - Trial of Hank Pym saga). As a side note, Avengers #227 debuts Monica Rambeau as Captain Marvel (who would later go on to lead the Avengers).   http://www.comicvine.com/the-avengers-4 ... 4000-9877/ http://marvel.wikia.com/Avengers_Vol_1_225 http://marvel.wikia.com/Avengers_Vol_1_227   While a lot of people poke fun at the Jim Shooter era of the early 80s, it's a good stretch of Avengers to really get into and understand how some the characters we know today were shaped. And after all, this is when Janet Van Dyne is leading the Avengers even as you have Cap, Iron Man, Hawkeye and Thor on the active roster. A couple years later Monica Rambeau went on to lead it when you had Hercules on the team, so it was a pretty progressive line-up and approach to leadership at the time!   A final note on Black Knight; Dane is a complex character, who could actually bridge the gap between different aspects of the MCU. He’s in essence a normal guy (like most of Coulson’s crew) who has access to mystical weapons (ties to Dr. Strange), who in the past has ties to Eternals and Wungadore (Cosmic, Inhumans etc.). Translation: I haven’t given up hope that we might one day see him in AoS. A guy can dream can’t he…   Outro [90:22]   Haley, Lauren and Stargate Pioneer love to hear back from you about your top 5 Marvel character lists, your science of Marvel questions, why Wing is wrong at any time, what your favorite pre-Iron Man 2008 film based on Marvel comics, or any general Marvel feedback. Call the voicemail line  at 1-844-THE-BUS1 or 844-843-2871.  Join Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. next time as the hosts discuss Agent Carter special event premiere episode. You can listen in live when we record Wednesday nights at 8:00 PM Central time at live.legendsofshield.com. Contact Info: Please see www.legendsofshield.com for all of our contact information or call our voicemail line at 1-844-THE-BUS1 or 844-843-2871. Legends Of S.H.I.E.L.D. Is a Proud Member Of The Gonna Geek Network (gonnageek.com).  Standby for your S.H.I.E.L.D. debriefing--- 

Hey everyone! Melissa John and Frankie had a chance to see the movie and sit down together to talk about what they loved and what they loved to nit pick about here on Episode 229! Enjoy! This episode was edited by Andrew Garner, Thanks Andrew!   Episode 229 — Deathly Hallows Part 1 Review Find the latest episode and explore PotterCast interviews, discussions and more at PotterCast.com Visit the-leaky-cauldron.org for the latest and greatest from Harry Potter's Wizard World.

Long promised, awaited and much missed! Andrew Garner returns in a second explosive episode!

The pod-cast that introduced the LEGEND that is Andrew Garner to the world!