Podcasts about Mafi

Turbopuffer came out of a reading app.In 2022, Simon was helping his friends at Readwise scale their infra for a highly requested feature: article recommendations and semantic search. Readwise was paying ~$5k/month for their relational database and vector search would cost ~$20k/month making the feature too expensive to ship. In 2023 after mulling over the problem from Readwise, Simon decided he wanted to “build a search engine” which became Turbopuffer.We discuss:• Simon's path: Denmark → Shopify infra for nearly a decade → “angel engineering” across startups like Readwise, Replicate, and Causal → turbopuffer almost accidentally becoming a company • The Readwise origin story: building an early recommendation engine right after the ChatGPT moment, seeing it work, then realizing it would cost ~$30k/month for a company spending ~$5k/month total on infra and getting obsessed with fixing that cost structure • Why turbopuffer is “a search engine for unstructured data”: Simon's belief that models can learn to reason, but can't compress the world's knowledge into a few terabytes of weights, so they need to connect to systems that hold truth in full fidelity • The three ingredients for building a great database company: a new workload, a new storage architecture, and the ability to eventually support every query plan customers will want on their data • The architecture bet behind turbopuffer: going all in on object storage and NVMe, avoiding a traditional consensus layer, and building around the cloud primitives that only became possible in the last few years • Why Simon hated operating Elasticsearch at Shopify: years of painful on-call experience shaped his obsession with simplicity, performance, and eliminating state spread across multiple systems • The Cursor story: launching turbopuffer as a scrappy side project, getting an email from Cursor the next day, flying out after a 4am call, and helping cut Cursor's costs by 95% while fixing their per-user economics • The Notion story: buying dark fiber, tuning TCP windows, and eating cross-cloud costs because Simon refused to compromise on architecture just to close a deal faster • Why AI changes the build-vs-buy equation: it's less about whether a company can build search infra internally, and more about whether they have time especially if an external team can feel like an extension of their own • Why RAG isn't dead: coding companies still rely heavily on search, and Simon sees hybrid retrieval semantic, text, regex, SQL-style patterns becoming more important, not less • How agentic workloads are changing search: the old pattern was one retrieval call up front; the new pattern is one agent firing many parallel queries at once, turning search into a highly concurrent tool call • Why turbopuffer is reducing query pricing: agentic systems are dramatically increasing query volume, and Simon expects retrieval infra to adapt to huge bursts of concurrent search rather than a small number of carefully chosen calls • The philosophy of “playing with open cards”: Simon's habit of being radically honest with investors, including telling Lachy Groom he'd return the money if turbopuffer didn't hit PMF by year-end • The “P99 engineer”: Simon's framework for building a talent-dense company, rejecting by default unless someone on the team feels strongly enough to fight for the candidate —Simon Hørup Eskildsen• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sirupsen• X: https://x.com/Sirupsen• https://sirupsen.com/aboutturbopuffer• https://turbopuffer.com/Full Video PodTimestamps00:00:00 The PMF promise to Lachy Groom00:00:25 Intro and Simon's background00:02:19 What turbopuffer actually is00:06:26 Shopify, Elasticsearch, and the pain behind the company00:10:07 The Readwise experiment that sparked turbopuffer00:12:00 The insight Simon couldn't stop thinking about00:17:00 S3 consistency, NVMe, and the architecture bet00:20:12 The Notion story: latency, dark fiber, and conviction00:25:03 Build vs. buy in the age of AI00:26:00 The Cursor story: early launch to breakout customer00:29:00 Why code search still matters00:32:00 Search in the age of agents00:34:22 Pricing turbopuffer in the AI era00:38:17 Why Simon chose Lachy Groom00:41:28 Becoming a founder on purpose00:44:00 The “P99 engineer” philosophy00:49:30 Bending software to your will00:51:13 The future of turbopuffer00:57:05 Simon's tea obsession00:59:03 Tea kits, X Live, and P99 LiveTranscriptSimon Hørup Eskildsen: I don't think I've said this publicly before, but I just called Lockey and was like, local Lockie. Like if this doesn't have PMF by the end of the year, like we'll just like return all the money to you. But it's just like, I don't really, we, Justine and I don't wanna work on this unless it's really working.So we want to give it the best shot this year and like we're really gonna go for it. We're gonna hire a bunch of people. We're just gonna be honest with everyone. Like when I don't know how to play a game, I just play with open cards. Lockey was the only person that didn't, that didn't freak out. He was like, I've never heard anyone say that before.Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Leading Space podcast. This is Celesio Pando, Colonel Laz, and I'm joined by Swix, editor of Leading Space.swyx: Hello. Hello, uh, we're still, uh, recording in the Ker studio for the first time. Very excited. And today we are joined by Simon Eski. Of Turbo Farer welcome.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Thank you so much for having me.swyx: Turbo Farer has like really gone on a huge tear, and I, I do have to mention that like you're one of, you're not my newest member of the Danish AHU Mafia, where like there's a lot of legendary programmers that have come out of it, like, uh, beyond Trotro, Rasmus, lado Berg and the V eight team and, and Google Maps team.Uh, you're mostly a Canadian now, but isn't that interesting? There's so many, so much like strong Danish presence.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, I was writing a post, um, not that long ago about sort of the influences. So I grew up in Denmark, right? I left, I left when, when I was 18 to go to Canada to, to work at Shopify. Um, and so I, like, I've, I would still say that I feel more Danish than, than Canadian.This is also the weird accent. I can't say th because it, this is like, I don't, you know, my wife is also Canadian, um, and I think. I think like one of the things in, in Denmark is just like, there's just such a ruthless pragmatism and there's also a big focus on just aesthetics. Like, they're like very, people really care about like where, what things look like.Um, and like Canada has a lot of attributes, US has, has a lot of attributes, but I think there's been lots of the great things to carry. I don't know what's in the water in Ahu though. Um, and I don't know that I could be considered part of the Mafi mafia quite yet, uh, compared to the phenomenal individuals we just mentioned.Barra OV is also, uh, Danish Canadian. Okay. Yeah. I don't know where he lives now, but, and he's the PHP.swyx: Yeah. And obviously Toby German, but moved to Canada as well. Yes. Like this is like import that, uh, that, that is an interesting, um, talent move.Alessio: I think. I would love to get from you. Definition of Turbo puffer, because I think you could be a Vector db, which is maybe a bad word now in some circles, you could be a search engine.It's like, let, let's just start there and then we'll maybe run through the history of how you got to this point.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: For sure. Yeah. So Turbo Puffer is at this point in time, a search engine, right? We do full text search and we do vector search, and that's really what we're specialized in. If you're trying to do much more than that, like then this might not be the right place yet, but Turbo Buffer is all about search.The other way that I think about it is that we can take all of the world's knowledge, all of the exabytes and exabytes of data that there is, and we can use those tokens to train a model, but we can't compress all of that into a few terabytes of weights, right? Compress into a few terabytes of weights, how to reason with the world, how to make sense of the knowledge.But we have to somehow connect it to something externally that actually holds that like in full fidelity and truth. Um, and that's the thing that we intend to become. Right? That's like a very holier than now kind of phrasing, right? But being the search engine for unstructured, unstructured data is the focus of turbo puffer at this point in time.Alessio: And let's break down. So people might say, well, didn't Elasticsearch already do this? And then some other people might say, is this search on my data, is this like closer to rag than to like a xr, like a public search thing? Like how, how do you segment like the different types of search?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: The way that I generally think about this is like, there's a lot of database companies and I think if you wanna build a really big database company, sort of, you need a couple of ingredients to be in the air.We don't, which only happens roughly every 15 years. You need a new workload. You basically need the ambition that every single company on earth is gonna have data in your database. Multiple times you look at a company like Oracle, right? You will, like, I don't think you can find a company on earth with a digital presence that it not, doesn't somehow have some data in an Oracle database.Right? And I think at this point, that's also true for Snowflake and Databricks, right? 15 years later it's, or even more than that, there's not a company on earth that doesn't, in. Or directly is consuming Snowflake or, or Databricks or any of the big analytics databases. Um, and I think we're in that kind of moment now, right?I don't think you're gonna find a company over the next few years that doesn't directly or indirectly, um, have all their data available for, for search and connect it to ai. So you need that new workload, like you need something to be happening where there's a new workload that causes that to happen, and that new workload is connecting very large amounts of data to ai.The second thing you need. The second condition to build a big database company is that you need some new underlying change in the storage architecture that is not possible from the databases that have come before you. If you look at Snowflake and Databricks, right, commoditized, like massive fleet of HDDs, like that was not possible in it.It just wasn't in the air in the nineties, right? So you just didn't, we just didn't build these systems. S3 and and and so on was not around. And I think the architecture that is now possible that wasn't possible 15 years ago is to go all in on NVME SSDs. It requires a particular type of architecture for the database that.It's difficult to retrofit onto the databases that are already there, including the ones you just mentioned. The second thing is to go all in on OIC storage, more so than we could have done 15 years ago. Like we don't have a consensus layer, we don't really have anything. In fact, you could turn off all the servers that Turbo Buffer has, and we would not lose any data because we have all completely all in on OIC storage.And this means that our architecture is just so simple. So that's the second condition, right? First being a new workload. That means that every company on earth, either indirectly or directly, is using your database. Second being, there's some new storage architecture. That means that the, the companies that have come before you can do what you're doing.I think the third thing you need to do to build a big database company is that over time you have to implement more or less every Cory plan on the data. What that means is that you. You can't just get stuck in, like, this is the one thing that a database does. It has to be ever evolving because when someone has data in the database, they over time expect to be able to ask it more or less every question.So you have to do that to get the storage architecture to the limit of what, what it's capable of. Those are the three conditions.swyx: I just wanted to get a little bit of like the motivation, right? Like, so you left Shopify, you're like principal, engineer, infra guy. Um, you also head of kernel labs, uh, inside of Shopify, right?And then you consulted for read wise and that it kind of gave you that, that idea. I just wanted you to tell that story. Um, maybe I, you've told it before, but, uh, just introduce the, the. People to like the, the new workload, the sort of aha moment for turbo PufferSimon Hørup Eskildsen: For sure. So yeah, I spent almost a decade at Shopify.I was on the infrastructure team, um, from the fairly, fairly early days around 2013. Um, at the time it felt like it was growing so quickly and everything, all the metrics were, you know, doubling year on year compared to the, what companies are contending with today. It's very cute in growth. I feel like lot some companies are seeing that month over month.Um, of course. Shopify compound has been compounding for a very long time now, but I spent a decade doing that and the majority of that was just make sure the site is up today and make sure it's up a year from now. And a lot of that was really just the, um, you know, uh, the Kardashians would drive very, very large amounts of, of data to, to uh, to Shopify as they were rotating through all the merch and building out their businesses.And we just needed to make sure we could handle that. Right. And sometimes these were events, a million requests per second. And so, you know, we, we had our own data centers back in the day and we were moving to the cloud and there was so much sharding work and all of that that we were doing. So I spent a decade just scaling databases ‘cause that's fundamentally what's the most difficult thing to scale about these sites.The database that was the most difficult for me to scale during that time, and that was the most aggravating to be on call for, was elastic search. It was very, very difficult to deal with. And I saw a lot of projects that were just being held back in their ambition by using it.swyx: And I mean, self-hosted.Self-hosted. ‘causeSimon Hørup Eskildsen: it's, yeah, and it commercial, this is like 2015, right? So it's like a very particular vintage. Right. It's probably better at a lot of these things now. Um, it was difficult to contend with and I'm just like, I just think about it. It's an inverted index. It should be good at these kinds of queries and do all of this.And it was, we, we often couldn't get it to do exactly what we needed to do or basically get lucine to do, like expose lucine raw to, to, to what we needed to do. Um, so that was like. Just something that we did on the side and just panic scaled when we needed to, but not a particular focus of mine. So I left, and when I left, I, um, wasn't sure exactly what I wanted to do.I mean, it spent like a decade inside of the same company. I'd like grown up there. I started working there when I was 18.swyx: You only do Rails?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. I mean, yeah. Rails. And he's a Rails guy. Uh, love Rails. So good. Um,Alessio: we all wish we could still work in Rails.swyx: I know know. I know, but some, I tried learning Ruby.It's just too much, like too many options to do the same thing. It's, that's my, I I know there's a, there's a way to do it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I love it. I don't know that I would use it now, like given cloud code and, and, and cursor and everything, but, um, um, but still it, like if I'm just sitting down and writing a teal code, that's how I think.But anyway, I left and I wasn't, I talked to a couple companies and I was like, I don't. I need to see a little bit more of the world here to know what I'm gonna like focus on next. Um, and so what I decided is like I was gonna, I called it like angel engineering, where I just hopped around in my friend's companies in three months increments and just helped them out with something.Right. And, and just vested a bit of equity and solved some interesting infrastructure problem. So I worked with a bunch of companies at the time, um, read Wise was one of them. Replicate was one of them. Um, causal, I dunno if you've tried this, it's like a, it's a spreadsheet engine Yeah. Where you can do distribution.They sold recently. Yeah. Um, we've been, we used that in fp and a at, um, at Turbo Puffer. Um, so a bunch of companies like this and it was super fun. And so we're the Chachi bt moment happened, I was with. With read Wise for a stint, we were preparing for the reader launch, right? Which is where you, you cue articles and read them later.And I was just getting their Postgres up to snuff, like, which basically boils down to tuning, auto vacuum. So I was doing that and then this happened and we were like, oh, maybe we should build a little recommendation engine and some features to try to hook in the lms. They were not that good yet, but it was clear there was something there.And so I built a small recommendation engine just, okay, let's take the articles that you've recently read, right? Like embed all the articles and then do recommendations. It was good enough that when I ran it on one of the co-founders of Rey's, like I found out that I got articles about, about having a child.I'm like, oh my God, I didn't, I, I didn't know that, that they were having a child. I wasn't sure what to do with that information, but the recommendation engine was good enough that it was suggesting articles, um, about that. And so there was, there was recommendations and uh, it actually worked really well.But this was a company that was spending maybe five grand a month in total on all their infrastructure and. When I did the napkin math on running the embeddings of all the articles, putting them into a vector index, putting it in prod, it's gonna be like 30 grand a month. That just wasn't tenable. Right?Like Read Wise is a proudly bootstrapped company and it's paying 30 grand for infrastructure for one feature versus five. It just wasn't tenable. So sort of in the bucket of this is useful, it's pretty good, but let us, let's return to it when the costs come down.swyx: Did you say it grows by feature? So for five to 30 is by the number of, like, what's the, what's the Scaling factor scale?It scales by the number of articles that you embed.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: It does, but what I meant by that is like five grand for like all of the other, like the Heroku, dinos, Postgres, like all the other, and this then storage is 30. Yeah. And then like 30 grand for one feature. Right. Which is like, what other articles are related to this one.Um, so it was just too much right to, to power everything. Their budget would've been maybe a few thousand dollars, which still would've been a lot. And so we put it in a bucket of, okay, we're gonna do that later. We'll wait, we will wait for the cost to come down. And that haunted me. I couldn't stop thinking about it.I was like, okay, there's clearly some latent demand here. If the cost had been a 10th, we would've shipped it and. This was really the only data point that I had. Right. I didn't, I, I didn't, I didn't go out and talk to anyone else. It was just so I started reading Right. I couldn't, I couldn't help myself.Like I didn't know what like a vector index is. I, I generally barely do about how to generate the vectors. There was a lot of hype about, this is a early 2023. There was a lot of hype about vector databases. There were raising a lot of money and it's like, I really didn't know anything about it. It's like, you know, trying these little models, fine tuning them.Like I was just trying to get sort of a lay of the land. So I just sat down. I have this. A GitHub repository called Napkin Math. And on napkin math, there's just, um, rows of like, oh, this is how much bandwidth. Like this is how many, you know, you can do 25 gigabytes per second on average to dram. You can do, you know, five gigabytes per second of rights to an SSD, blah blah.All of these numbers, right? And S3, how many you could do per, how much bandwidth can you drive per connection? I was just sitting down, I was like, why hasn't anyone build a database where you just put everything on O storage and then you puff it into NVME when you use the data and you puff it into dram if you're, if you're querying it alive, it's just like, this seems fairly obvious and you, the only real downside to that is that if you go all in on o storage, every right will take a couple hundred milliseconds of latency, but from there it's really all upside, right?You do the first go, it takes half a second. And it sort of occurred to me as like, well. The architecture is really good for that. It's really good for AB storage, it's really good for nvm ESSD. It's, well, you just couldn't have done that 10 years ago. Back to what we were talking about before. You really have to build a database where you have as few round trips as possible, right?This is how CPUs work today. It's how NVM E SSDs work. It's how as, um, as three works that you want to have a very large amount of outstanding requests, right? Like basically go to S3, do like that thousand requests to ask for data in one round trip. Wait for that. Get that, like, make a new decision. Do it again, and try to do that maybe a maximum of three times.But no databases were designed that way within NVME as is ds. You can drive like within, you know, within a very low multiple of DRAM bandwidth if you use it that way. And same with S3, right? You can fully max out the network card, which generally is not maxed out. You get very, like, very, very good bandwidth.And, but no one had built a database like that. So I was like, okay, well can't you just, you know, take all the vectors right? And plot them in the proverbial coordinate system. Get the clusters, put a file on S3 called clusters, do json, and then put another file for every cluster, you know, cluster one, do js O cluster two, do js ON you know that like it's two round trips, right?So you get the clusters, you find the closest clusters, and then you download the cluster files like the, the closest end. And you could do this in two round trips.swyx: You were nearest neighbors locally.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. Yes. And then, and you would build this, this file, right? It's just like ultra simplistic, but it's not a far shot from what the first version of Turbo Buffer was.Why hasn't anyone done thatAlessio: in that moment? From a workload perspective, you're thinking this is gonna be like a read heavy thing because they're doing recommend. Like is the fact that like writes are so expensive now? Oh, with ai you're actually not writing that much.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: At that point I hadn't really thought too much about, well no actually it was always clear to me that there was gonna be a lot of rights because at Shopify, the search clusters were doing, you know, I don't know, tens or hundreds of crew QPS, right?‘cause you just have to have a human sit and type in. But we did, you know, I don't know how many updates there were per second. I'm sure it was in the millions, right into the cluster. So I always knew there was like a 10 to 100 ratio on the read write. In the read wise use case. It's, um, even, even in the read wise use case, there'd probably be a lot fewer reads than writes, right?There's just a lot of churn on the amount of stuff that was going through versus the amount of queries. Um, I wasn't thinking too much about that. I was mostly just thinking about what's the fundamentally cheapest way to build a database in the cloud today using the primitives that you have available.And this is it, right? You just, now you have one machine and you know, let's say you have a terabyte of data in S3, you paid the $200 a month for that, and then maybe five to 10% of that data and needs to be an NV ME SSDs and less than that in dram. Well. You're paying very, very little to inflate the data.swyx: By the way, when you say no one else has done that, uh, would you consider Neon, uh, to be on a similar path in terms of being sort of S3 first and, uh, separating the compute and storage?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, I think what I meant with that is, uh, just build a completely new database. I don't know if we were the first, like it was very much, it was, I mean, I, I hadn't, I just looked at the napkin math and was like, this seems really obvious.So I'm sure like a hundred people came up with it at the same time. Like the light bulb and every invention ever. Right. It was just in the air. I think Neon Neon was, was first to it. And they're trying, they're retrofitted onto Postgres, right? And then they built this whole architecture where you have, you have it in memory and then you sort of.You know, m map back to S3. And I think that was very novel at the time to do it for, for all LTP, but I hadn't seen a database that was truly all in, right. Not retrofitting it. The database felt built purely for this no consensus layer. Even using compare and swap on optic storage to do consensus. I hadn't seen anyone go that all in.And I, I mean, there, there, I'm sure there was someone that did that before us. I don't know. I was just looking at the napkin mathswyx: and, and when you say consensus layer, uh, are you strongly relying on S3 Strong consistency? You are. Okay.SoSimon Hørup Eskildsen: that is your consensus layer. It, it is the consistency layer. And I think also, like, this is something that most people don't realize, but S3 only became consistent in December of 2020.swyx: I remember this coming out during COVID and like people were like, oh, like, it was like, uh, it was just like a free upgrade.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah.swyx: They were just, they just announced it. We saw consistency guys and like, okay, cool.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: And I'm sure that they just, they probably had it in prod for a while and they're just like, it's done right.And people were like, okay, cool. But. That's a big moment, right? Like nv, ME SSDs, were also not in the cloud until around 2017, right? So you just sort of had like 2017 nv, ME SSDs, and people were like, okay, cool. There's like one skew that does this, whatever, right? Takes a few years. And then the second thing is like S3 becomes consistent in 2020.So now it means you don't have to have this like big foundation DB or like zookeeper or whatever sitting there contending with the keys, which is how. You know, that's what Snowflake and others have do so muchswyx: for goneSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Exactly. Just gone. Right? And so just push to the, you know, whatever, how many hundreds of people they have working on S3 solved and then compare and swap was not in S3 at this point in time,swyx: by the way.Uh, I don't know what that is, so maybe you wanna explain. Yes. Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. So, um, what Compare and swap is, is basically, you can imagine that if you have a database, it might be really nice to have a file called metadata json. And metadata JSON could say things like, Hey, these keys are here and this file means that, and there's lots of metadata that you have to operate in the database, right?But that's the simplest way to do it. So now you have might, you might have a lot of servers that wanna change the metadata. They might have written a file and want the metadata to contain that file. But you have a hundred nodes that are trying to contend with this metadata that JSON well, what compare and Swap allows you to do is basically just you download the file, you make the modifications, and then you write it only if it hasn't changed.While you did the modification and if not you retry. Right? Should just have this retry loops. Now you can imagine if you have a hundred nodes doing that, it's gonna be really slow, but it will converge over time. That primitive was not available in S3. It wasn't available in S3 until late 2024, but it was available in GCP.The real story of this is certainly not that I sat down and like bake brained it. I was like, okay, we're gonna start on GCS S3 is gonna get it later. Like it was really not that we started, we got really lucky, like we started on GCP and we started on GCP because tur um, Shopify ran on GCP. And so that was the platform I was most available with.Right. Um, and I knew the Canadian team there ‘cause I'd worked with them at Shopify and so it was natural for us to start there. And so when we started building the database, we're like, oh yeah, we have to build a, we really thought we had to build a consensus layer, like have a zookeeper or something to do this.But then we discovered the compare and swap. It's like, oh, we can kick the can. Like we'll just do metadata r json and just, it's fine. It's probably fine. Um, and we just kept kicking the can until we had very, very strong conviction in the idea. Um, and then we kind of just hinged the company on the fact that S3 probably was gonna get this, it started getting really painful in like mid 2024.‘cause we were closing deals with, um, um, notion actually that was running in AWS and we're like, trust us. You, you really want us to run this in GCP? And they're like, no, I don't know about that. Like, we're running everything in AWS and the latency across the cloud were so big and we had so much conviction that we bought like, you know, dark fiber between the AWS regions in, in Oregon, like in the InterExchange and GCP is like, we've never seen a startup like do like, what's going on here?And we're just like, no, we don't wanna do this. We were tuning like TCP windows, like everything to get the latency down ‘cause we had so high conviction in not doing like a, a metadata layer on S3. So those were the three conditions, right? Compare and swap. To do metadata, which wasn't in S3 until late 2024 S3 being consistent, which didn't happen until December, 2020.Uh, 2020. And then NVMe ssd, which didn't end in the cloud until 2017.swyx: I mean, in some ways, like a very big like cloud success story that like you were able to like, uh, put this all together, but also doing things like doing, uh, bind our favor. That that actually is something I've never heard.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I mean, it's very common when you're a big company, right?You're like connecting your own like data center or whatever. But it's like, it was uniquely just a pain with notion because the, um, the org, like most of the, like if you're buying in Ashburn, Virginia, right? Like US East, the Google, like the GCP and, and AWS data centers are like within a millisecond on, on each other, on the public exchanges.But in Oregon uniquely, the GCP data center sits like a couple hundred kilometers, like east of Portland and the AWS region sits in Portland, but the network exchange they go through is through Seattle. So it's like a full, like 14 milliseconds or something like that. And so anyway, yeah. It's, it's, so we were like, okay, we can't, we have to go through an exchange in Portland.Yeah. Andswyx: you'd rather do this than like run your zookeeper and likeSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes. Way rather. It doesn't have state, I don't want state and two systems. Um, and I think all that is just informed by Justine, my co-founder and I had just been on call for so long. And the worst outages are the ones where you have state in multiple places that's not syncing up.So it really came from, from a a, like just a, a very pure source of pain, of just imagining what we would be Okay. Being woken up at 3:00 AM about and having something in zookeeper was not one of them.swyx: You, you're talking to like a notion or something. Do they care or do they just, theySimon Hørup Eskildsen: just, they care about latency.swyx: They latency cost. That's it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: They just cared about latency. Right. And we just absorbed the cost. We're just like, we have high conviction in this. At some point we can move them to AWS. Right. And so we just, we, we'll buy the fiber, it doesn't matter. Right. Um, and it's like $5,000. Usually when you buy fiber, you buy like multiple lines.And we're like, we can only afford one, but we will just test it that when it goes over the public internet, it's like super smooth. And so we did a lot of, anyway, it's, yeah, it was, that's cool.Alessio: You can imagine talking to the GCP rep and it's like, no, we're gonna buy, because we know we're gonna turn, we're gonna turn from you guys and go to AWS in like six months.But in the meantime we'll do this. It'sSimon Hørup Eskildsen: a, I mean, like they, you know, this workload still runs on GCP for what it's worth. Right? ‘cause it's so, it was just, it was so reliable. So it was never about moving off GCP, it was just about honesty. It was just about giving notion the latency that they deserved.Right. Um, and we didn't want ‘em to have to care about any of this. We also, they were like, oh, egress is gonna be bad. It was like, okay, screw it. Like we're just gonna like vvc, VPC peer with you and AWS we'll eat the cost. Yeah. Whatever needs to be done.Alessio: And what were the actual workloads? Because I think when you think about ai, it's like 14 milliseconds.It's like really doesn't really matter in the scheme of like a model generation.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. We were told the latency, right. That we had to beat. Oh, right. So, so we're just looking at the traces. Right. And then sort of like hand draw, like, you know, kind of like looking at the trace and then thinking what are the other extensions of the trace?Right. And there's a lot more to it because it's also when you have, if you have 14 versus seven milliseconds, right. You can fit in another round trip. So we had to tune TCP to try to send as much data in every round trip, prewarm all the connections. And there was, there's a lot of things that compound from having these kinds of round trips, but in the grand scheme it was just like, well, we have to beat the latency of whatever we're up against.swyx: Which is like they, I mean, notion is a database company. They could have done this themselves. They, they do lots of database engineering themselves. How do you even get in the door? Like Yeah, just like talk through that kind of.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Last time I was in San Francisco, I was talking to one of the engineers actually, who, who was one of our champions, um, at, AT Notion.And they were, they were just trying to make sure that the, you know, per user cost matched the economics that they needed. You know, Uhhuh like, it's like the way I think about, it's like I have to earn a return on whatever the clouds charge me and then my customers have to earn a return on that. And it's like very simple, right?And so there has to be gross margin all the way up and that's how you build the product. And so then our customers have to make the right set of trade off the turbo Puffer makes, and if they're happy with that, that's great.swyx: Do you feel like you're competing with build internally versus buy or buy versus buy?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so, sorry, this was all to build up to your question. So one of the notion engineers told me that they'd sat and probably on a napkin, like drawn out like, why hasn't anyone built this? And then they saw terrible. It was like, well, it literally that. So, and I think AI has also changed the buy versus build equation in terms of, it's not really about can we build it, it's about do we have time to build it?I think they like, I think they felt like, okay, if this is a team that can do that and they, they feel enough like an extension of our team, well then we can go a lot faster, which would be very, very good for them. And I mean, they put us through the, through the test, right? Like we had some very, very long nights to to, to do that POC.And they were really our biggest, our second big customer off the cursor, which also was a lot of late nights. Right.swyx: Yeah. That, I mean, should we go into that story? The, the, the sort of Chris's story, like a lot, um, they credit you a lot for. Working very closely with them. So I just wanna hear, I've heard this, uh, story from Sole's point of view, but like, I'm curious what, what it looks like from your side.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I actually haven't heard it from Sole's point of view, so maybe you can now cross reference it. The way that I remember it was that, um, the day after we launched, which was just, you know, I'd worked the whole summer on, on the first version. Justine wasn't part of it yet. ‘cause I just, I didn't tell anyone that summer that I was working on this.I was just locked in on building it because it's very easy otherwise to confuse talking about something to actually doing it. And so I was just like, I'm not gonna do that. I'm just gonna do the thing. I launched it and at this point turbo puffer is like a rust binary running on a single eight core machine in a T Marks instance.And me deploying it was like looking at the request log and then like command seeing it or like control seeing it to just like, okay, there's no request. Let's upgrade the binary. Like it was like literally the, the, the, the scrappiest thing. You could imagine it was on purpose because just like at Shopify, we did that all the time.Like, we like move, like we ran things in tux all the time to begin with. Before something had like, at least the inkling of PMF, it was like, okay, is anyone gonna hear about this? Um, and one of the cursor co-founders Arvid reached out and he just, you know, the, the cursor team are like all I-O-I-I-M-O like, um, contenders, right?So they just speak in bullet points and, and facts. It was like this amazing email exchange just of, this is how many QPS we have, this is what we're paying, this is where we're going, blah, blah, blah. And so we're just conversing in bullet points. And I tried to get a call with them a few times, but they were, so, they were like really writing the PMF bowl here, just like late 2023.And one time Swally emails me at like five. What was it like 4:00 AM Pacific time saying like, Hey, are you open for a call now? And I'm on the East coast and I, it was like 7:00 AM I was like, yeah, great, sure, whatever. Um, and we just started talking and something. Then I didn't know anything about sales.It was something that just comp compelled me. I have to go see this team. Like, there's something here. So I, I went to San Francisco and I went to their office and the way that I remember it is that Postgres was down when I showed up at the office. Did SW tell you this? No. Okay. So Postgres was down and so it's like they were distracting with that.And I was trying my best to see if I could, if I could help in any way. Like I knew a little bit about databases back to tuning, auto vacuum. It was like, I think you have to tune out a vacuum. Um, and so we, we talked about that and then, um, that evening just talked about like what would it look like, what would it look like to work with us?And I just said. Look like we're all in, like we will just do what we'll do whatever, whatever you tell us, right? They migrated everything over the next like week or two, and we reduced their cost by 95%, which I think like kind of fixed their per user economics. Um, and it solved a lot of other things. And we were just, Justine, this is also when I asked Justine to come on as my co-founder, she was the best engineer, um, that I ever worked with at Shopify.She lived two blocks away and we were just, okay, we're just gonna get this done. Um, and we did, and so we helped them migrate and we just worked like hell over the next like month or two to make sure that we were never an issue. And that was, that was the cursor story. Yeah.swyx: And, and is code a different workload than normal text?I, I don't know. Is is it just text? Is it the same thing?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so cursor's workload is basically, they, um, they will embed the entire code base, right? So they, they will like chunk it up in whatever they would, they do. They have their own embedding model, um, which they've been public about. Um, and they find that on, on, on their evals.It. There's one of their evals where it's like a 25% improvement on a very particular workload. They have a bunch of blog posts about it. Um, I think it works best on larger code basis, but they've trained their own embedding model to do this. Um, and so you'll see it if you use the cursor agent, it will do searches.And they've also been public around, um, how they've, I think they post trained their model to be very good at semantic search as well. Um, and that's, that's how they use it. And so it's very good at, like, can you find me on the code that's similar to this, or code that does this? And just in, in this queries, they also use GR to supplement it.swyx: Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, of courseswyx: it's been a big topic of discussion like, is rag dead because gr you know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: and I mean like, I just, we, we see lots of demand from the coding company to ethicsswyx: search in every part. Yes.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Uh, we, we, we see demand. And so, I mean, I'm. I like case studies. I don't like, like just doing like thought pieces on this is where it's going.And like trying to be all macroeconomic about ai, that's has turned out to be a giant waste of time because no one can really predict any of this. So I just collect case studies and I mean, cursor has done a great job talking about what they're doing and I hope some of the other coding labs that use Turbo Puffer will do the same.Um, but it does seem to make a difference for particular queries. Um, I mean we can also do text, we can also do RegX, but I should also say that cursors like security posture into Tur Puffer is exceptional, right? They have their own embedding model, which makes it very difficult to reverse engineer. They obfuscate the file paths.They like you. It's very difficult to learn anything about a code base by looking at it. And the other thing they do too is that for their customers, they encrypt it with their encryption keys in turbo puffer's bucket. Um, so it's, it's, it's really, really well designed.swyx: And so this is like extra stuff they did to work with you because you are not part of Cursor.Exactly like, and this is just best practice when working in any database, not just you guys. Okay. Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah. I think for me, like the, the, the learning is kind of like you, like all workloads are hybrid. Like, you know, uh, like you, you want the semantic, you want the text, you want the RegX, you want sql.I dunno. Um, but like, it's silly to like be all in on like one particularly query pattern.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think, like I really like the way that, um, um, that swally at cursor talks about it, which is, um, I'm gonna butcher it here. Um, and you know, I'm a, I'm a database scalability person. I'm not a, I, I dunno anything about training models other than, um, what the internet tells me and what.The way he describes is that this is just like cash compute, right? It's like you have a point in time where you're looking at some particular context and focused on some chunk and you say, this is the layer of the neural net at this point in time. That seems fundamentally really useful to do cash compute like that.And, um, how the value of that will change over time. I'm, I'm not sure, but there seems to be a lot of value in that.Alessio: Maybe talk a bit about the evolution of the workload, because even like search, like maybe two years ago it was like one search at the start of like an LLM query to build the context. Now you have a gentech search, however you wanna call it, where like the model is both writing and changing the code and it's searching it again later.Yeah. What are maybe some of the new types of workloads or like changes you've had to make to your architecture for it?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think you're right. When I think of rag, I think of, Hey, there's an 8,000 token, uh, context window and you better make it count. Um, and search was a way to do that now. Everything is moving towards the, just let the agent do its thing.Right? And so back to the thing before, right? The LLM is very good at reasoning with the data, and so we're just the tool call, right? And that's increasingly what we see our customers doing. Um, what we're seeing more demand from, from our customers now is to do a lot of concurrency, right? Like Notion does a ridiculous amount of queries in every round trip just because they can't.And I'm also now, when I use the cursor agent, I also see them doing more concurrency than I've ever seen before. So a bit similar to how we designed a database to drive as much concurrency in every round trip as possible. That's also what the agents are doing. So that's new. It means just an enormous amount of queries all at once to the dataset while it's warm in as few turns as possible.swyx: Can I clarify one thing on that?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes.swyx: Is it, are they batching multiple users or one user is driving multiple,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: one user driving multiple, one agent driving.swyx: It's parallel searching a bunch of things.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Exactly.swyx: Yeah. Yeah, exactly. So yeah, the clinician also did, did this for the fast context thing, like eight parallel at once.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yes.swyx: And, and like an interesting problem is, well, how do you make sure you have enough diversity so you're not making the the same request eight times?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: And I think like that's probably also where the hybrid comes in, where. That's another way to diversify. It's a completely different way to, to do the search.That's a big change, right? So before it was really just like one call and then, you know, the LLM took however many seconds to return, but now we just see an enormous amount of queries. So the, um, we just see more queries. So we've like tried to reduce query, we've reduced query pricing. Um, this is probably the first time actually I'm saying that, but the query pricing is being reduced, like five x.Um, and we'll probably try to reduce it even more to accommodate some of these workloads of just doing very large amounts of queries. Um, that's one thing that's changed. I think the right, the right ratio is still very high, right? Like there's still a, an enormous amount of rights per read, but we're starting probably to see that change if people really lean into this pattern.Alessio: Can we talk a little bit about the pricing? I'm curious, uh, because traditionally a database would charge on storage, but now you have the token generation that is so expensive, where like the actual. Value of like a good search query is like much higher because they're like saving inference time down the line.How do you structure that as like, what are people receptive to on the other side too?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. I, the, the turbo puffer pricing in the beginning was just very simple. The pricing on these on for search engines before Turbo Puffer was very server full, right? It was like, here's the vm, here's the per hour cost, right?Great. And I just sat down with like a piece of paper and said like, if Turbo Puffer was like really good, this is probably what it would cost with a little bit of margin. And that was the first pricing of Turbo Puffer. And I just like sat down and I was like, okay, like this is like probably the storage amp, but whenever on a piece of paper I, it was vibe pricing.It was very vibe price, and I got it wrong. Oh. Um, well I didn't get it wrong, but like Turbo Puffer wasn't at the first principle pricing, right? So when Cursor came on Turbo Puffer, it was like. Like, I didn't know any VCs. I didn't know, like I was just like, I don't know, I didn't know anything about raising money or anything like that.I just saw that my GCP bill was, was high, was a lot higher than the cursor bill. So Justine and I was just like, well, we have to optimize it. Um, and I mean, to the chagrin now of, of it, of, of the VCs, it now means that we're profitable because we've had so much pricing pressure in the beginning. Because it was running on my credit card and Justine and I had spent like, like tens of thousands of dollars on like compute bills and like spinning off the company and like very like, like bad Canadian lawyers and like things like to like get all of this done because we just like, we didn't know.Right. If you're like steeped in San Francisco, you're just like, you just know. Okay. Like you go out, raise a pre-seed round. I, I never heard a word pre-seed at this point in time.swyx: When you had Cursor, you had Notion you, you had no funding.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, with Cursor we had no funding. Yeah. Um, by the time we had Notion Locke was, Locke was here.Yeah. So it was really just, we vibe priced it 100% from first Principles, but it wasn't, it, it was not performing at first principles, so we just did everything we could to optimize it in the beginning for that, so that at least we could have like a 5% margin or something. So I wasn't freaking out because Cursor's bill was also going like this as they were growing.And so my liability and my credit limit was like actively like calling my bank. It was like, I need a bigger credit. Like it was, yeah. Anyway, that was the beginning. Yeah. But the pricing was, yeah, like storage rights and query. Right. And the, the pricing we have today is basically just that pricing with duct tape and spit to try to approach like, you know, like a, as a margin on the physical underlying hardware.And we're doing this year, you're gonna see more and more pricing changes from us. Yeah.swyx: And like is how much does stuff like VVC peering matter because you're working in AWS land where egress is charged and all that, you know.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: We probably don't like, we have like an enterprise plan that just has like a base fee because we haven't had time to figure out SKU pricing for all of this.Um, but I mean, yeah, you can run turbo puffer either in SaaS, right? That's what Cursor does. You can run it in a single tenant cluster. So it's just you. That's what Notion does. And then you can run it in, in, in BYOC where everything is inside the customer's VPC, that's what an for example, philanthropic does.swyx: What I'm hearing is that this is probably the best CRO job for somebody who can come in and,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I mean,swyx: help you with this.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, like Turbo Puffer hired, like, I don't know what, what number this was, but we had a full-time CFO as like the 12th hire or something at Turbo Puffer, um, I think I hear are a lot of comp.I don't know how they do it. Like they have a hundred employees and not a CFO. It's like having a CFO is like a runningswyx: business man. Like, you know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: it's so good. Yeah, like money Mike, like he just, you know, just handles the money and a lot of the business stuff and so he came in and just hopped with a lot of the operational side of the business.So like C-O-O-C-F-O, like somewhere in between.swyx: Just as quick mention of Lucky, just ‘cause I'm curious, I've met Lock and like, he's obviously a very good investor and now on physical intelligence, um, I call it generalist super angel, right? He invests in everything. Um, and I always wonder like, you know, is there something appealing about focusing on developer tooling, focusing on databases, going like, I've invested for 10 years in databases versus being like a lock where he can maybe like connect you to all the customers that you need.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: This is an excellent question. No, no one's asked me this. Um, why lockey? Because. There was a couple of people that we were talking to at the time and when we were raising, we were almost a little, we were like a bit distressed because one of our, one of our peers had just launched something that was very similar to Turbo Puffer.And someone just gave me the advice at the time of just choose the person where you just feel like you can just pick up the phone and not prepare anything. And just be completely honest, and I don't think I've said this publicly before, but I just called Lockey and was like local Lockie. Like if this doesn't have PMF by the end of the year, like we'll just like return all the money to you.But it's just like, I don't really, we, Justine and I don't wanna work on this unless it's really working. So we want to give it the best shot this year and like we're really gonna go for it. We're gonna hire a bunch of people and we're just gonna be honest with everyone. Like when I don't know how to play a game, I just play with open cards and.Lockey was the only person that didn't, that didn't freak out. He was like, I've never heard anyone say that before. As I said, I didn't even know what a seed or pre-seed round was like before, probably even at this time. So I was just like very honest with him. And I asked him like, Lockie, have you ever have, have you ever invested in database company?He was just like, no. And at the time I was like, am I dumb? Like, but I think there was something that just like really drew me to Lockie. He is so authentic, so honest, like, and there was something just like, I just felt like I could just play like, just say everything openly. And that was, that was, I think that that was like a perfect match at the time, and, and, and honestly still is.He was just like, okay, that's great. This is like the most honest, ridiculous thing I've ever heard anyone say to me. But like that, like that, whyswyx: is this ridiculous? Say competitor launch, this may not work out. It wasSimon Hørup Eskildsen: more just like. If this doesn't work out, I'm gonna close up shop by the end of the mo the year, right?Like it was, I don't know, maybe it's common. I, I don't know. He told me it was uncommon. I don't know. Um, that's why we chose him and he'd been phenomenal. The other people were talking at the, at the time were database experts. Like they, you know, knew a lot about databases and Locke didn't, this turned out to be a phenomenal asset.Right. I like Justine and I know a lot about databases. The people that we hire know a lot about databases. What we needed was just someone who didn't know a lot about databases, didn't pretend to know a lot about databases, and just wanted to help us with candidates and customers. And he did. Yeah. And I have a list, right, of the investors that I have a relationship with, and Lockey has just performed excellent in the number of sub bullets of what we can attribute back to him.Just absolutely incredible. And when people talk about like no ego and just the best thing for the founder, I like, I don't think that anyone, like even my lawyer is like, yeah, Lockey is like the most friendly person you will find.swyx: Okay. This is my most glow recommendation I've ever heard.Alessio: He deserves it.He's very special.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Amazing.Alessio: Since you mentioned candidates, maybe we can talk about team building, you know, like, especially in sf, it feels like it's just easier to start a company than to join a company. Uh, I'm curious your experience, especially not being n SF full-time and doing something that is maybe, you know, a very low level of detail and technical detail.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah. So joining versus starting, I never thought that I would be a founder. I would start with it, like Turbo Puffer started as a blog post, and then it became a project and then sort of almost accidentally became a company. And now it feels like it's, it's like becoming a bigger company. That was never the intention.The intentions were very pure. It's just like, why hasn't anyone done this? And it's like, I wanna be the, like, I wanna be the first person to do it. I think some founders have this, like, I could never work for anyone else. I, I really don't feel that way. Like, it's just like, I wanna see this happen. And I wanna see it happen with some people that I really enjoy working with and I wanna have fun doing it and this, this, this has all felt very natural on that, on that sense.So it was never a like join versus versus versus found. It was just dis found me at the right moment.Alessio: Well I think there's an argument for, you should have joined Cursor, right? So I'm curious like how you evaluate it. Okay, I should actually go raise money and make this a company versus like, this is like a company that is like growing like crazy.It's like an interesting technical problem. I should just build it within Cursor and then they don't have to encrypt all this stuff. They don't have to obfuscate things. Like was that on your mind at all orSimon Hørup Eskildsen: before taking the, the small check from Lockie, I did have like a hard like look at myself in the mirror of like, okay, do I really want to do this?And because if I take the money, I really have to do it right. And so the way I almost think about it's like you kind of need to ha like you kind of need to be like fucked up enough to want to go all the way. And that was the conversation where I was like, okay, this is gonna be part of my life's journey to build this company and do it in the best way that I possibly can't.Because if I ask people to join me, ask people to get on the cap table, then I have an ultimate responsibility to give it everything. And I don't, I think some people, it doesn't occur to me that everyone takes it that seriously. And maybe I take it too seriously, I don't know. But that was like a very intentional moment.And so then it was very clear like, okay, I'm gonna do this and I'm gonna give it everything.Alessio: A lot of people don't take it this seriously. But,swyx: uh, let's talk about, you have this concept of the P 99 engineer. Uh, people are 10 x saying, everyone's saying, you know, uh, maybe engineers are out of a job. I don't know.But you definitely see a P 99 engineer, and I just want you to talk about it.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Yeah, so the P 99 engineer was just a term that we started using internally to talk about candidates and talk about how we wanted to build the company. And you know, like everyone else is, like we want a talent dense company.And I think that's almost become trite at this point. What I credit the cursor founders a lot with is that they just arrived there from first principles of like, we just need a talent dense, um, talent dense team. And I think I've seen some teams that weren't talent dense and like seemed a counterfactual run, which if you've run in been in a large company, you will just see that like it's just logically will happen at a large company.Um, and so that was super important to me and Justine and it's very difficult to maintain. And so we just needed, we needed wording for it. And so I have a document called Traits of the P 99 Engineer, and it's a bullet point list. And I look at that list after every single interview that I do, and in every single recap that we do and every recap we end with.End with, um, some version of I'm gonna reject this candidate completely regardless of what the discourse was, because I wanna see people fight for this person because the default should not be, we're gonna hire this person. The default should be, we're definitely not hiring this person. And you know, if everyone was like, ah, maybe throw a punch, then this is not the right.swyx: Do, do you operate, like if there's one cha there must have at least one champion who's like, yes, I will put my career on, on, on the line for this. You know,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think career on the line,swyx: maybe a chair, butSimon Hørup Eskildsen: yeah. You know, like, um, I would say so someone needs to like, have both fists up and be like, I'd fight.Right? Yeah. Yeah. And if one person said, then, okay, let's do it. Right?swyx: Yeah.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um. It doesn't have to be absolutely everyone. Right? And like the interviews are always the sign that you're checking for different attributes. And if someone is like knocking it outta the park in every single attribute, that's, that's fairly rare.Um, but that's really important. And so the traits of the P 99 engineer, there's lots of them. There's also the traits of the p like triple nine engineer and the quadruple nine engineer. This is like, it's a long list.swyx: Okay.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, I'll give you some samples, right. Of what we, what we look for. I think that the P 99 engineer has some history of having bent, like their trajectory or something to their will.Right? Some moment where it was just, they just, you know, made the computer do what it needed to do. There's something like that, and it will, it will occur to have them at some point in their career. And, uh. Hopefully multiple times. Right.swyx: Gimme an example of one of your engineers that like,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I'll give an eng.Uh, so we, we, we launched this thing called A and NV three. Um, we could, we're also, we're working on V four and V five right now, but a and NV three can search a hundred billion vectors with a P 50 of around 40 milliseconds and a p 99 of 200 milliseconds. Um, maybe other people have done this, I'm sure Google and others have done this, but, uh, we haven't seen anyone, um, at least not in like a public consumable SaaS that can do this.And that was an engineer, the chief architect of Turbo Puffer, Nathan, um, who more or less just bent this, the software was not capable of this and he just made it capable for a very particular workload in like a, you know, six to eight week period with the help of a lot of the team. Right. It's been, been, there's numerous of examples of that, like at, at turbo puff, but that's like really bending the software and X 86 to your will.It was incredible to watch. Um. You wanna see some moments like that?swyx: Isn't that triple nine?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: Um, I think Nathan, what's calledAlessio: group nine, that was only nine. I feel like this is too high forSimon Hørup Eskildsen: Nathan. Nathan is, uh, Nathan is like, yeah, there's a lot of nines. Okay. After that p So I think that's one trait. I think another trait is that, uh, the P 99 spends a lot of time looking at maps.Generally it's their preferred ux. They just love looking at maps. You ever seen someone who just like, sits on their phone and just like, scrolls around on a map? Or did you not look at maps A lot? You guys don't look atswyx: maps? I guess I'm not feeling there. I don't know, butSimon Hørup Eskildsen: you just dis What about trains?Do you like trains?swyx: Uh, I mean they, not enough. Okay. This is just like weapon nice. Autism is what I call it. Like, like,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: um, I love looking at maps, like, it's like my preferred UX and just like I, you know, I likeswyx: lotsAlessio: of, of like random places, soswyx: like,youswyx: know.Alessio: Yes. Okay. There you go. So instead of like random places, like how do you explore the maps?Simon Hørup Eskildsen: No, it's, it's just a joke.swyx: It's autism laugh. It's like you are just obsessed by something and you like studying a thing.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: The origin of this was that at some point I read an interview with some IOI gold medalistswyx: Uhhuh,Simon Hørup Eskildsen: and it's like, what do you do in your spare time? I was just like, I like looking at maps.I was like, I feel so seen. Like, I just like love, like swirling out. I was like, oh, Canada is so big. Where's Baffin Island? I don't know. I love it. Yeah. Um, anyway, so the traits of P 99, P 99 is obsessive, right? Like, there's just like, you'll, you'll find traits of that we do an interview at, at, at, at turbo puffer or like multiple interviews that just try to screen for some of these things.Um, so. There's lots of others, but these are the kinds of traits that we look for.swyx: I'll tell you, uh, some people listen for like some of my dere stuff. Uh, I do think about derel as maps. Um, you draw a map for people, uh, maps show you the, uh, what is commonly agreed to be the geographical features of what a boundary is.And it shows also shows you what is not doing. And I, I think a lot of like developer tools, companies try to tell you they can do everything, but like, let's, let's be real. Like you, your, your three landmarks are here, everyone comes here, then here, then here, and you draw a map and, and then you draw a journey through the map.And like that. To me, that's what developer relations looks like. So I do think about things that way.Simon Hørup Eskildsen: I think the P 99 thinks in offs, right? The P 99 is very clear about, you know, hey, turbo puffer, you can't run a high transaction workload on turbo puffer, right? It's like the right latency is a hundred milliseconds.That's a clear trade off. I think the P 99 is very good at articulating the trade offs in every decision. Um. Which is exactly what the map is in your case, right?swyx: Uh, yeah, yeah. My, my, my world. My world.Alessio: How, how do you reconcile some of these things when you're saying you bend the will the computer versus like the trade

Michal Ferenc je slovenský podnikateľ a influencer, ktorý ako prvý pred rokmi prepojil komunity športovcov a autičkárov. Vybudoval si imidž self-made-mana, muža, ktorý si svojou šikovnosťou vybudoval úspešné podnikanie a dosiahol životnú úroveň, ktorá býva pre iných len snom. Dnes, po rokoch úspechu na internete paradoxne prerušenom pandémiou covidu, sa na svoje alterego pozerá s nadhľadom.Značka Don Boss Bossov pomáha Ferencovi predávať prevažne drahé luxusné autá cez Instagram, zatiaľ čo na internetovom portáli Autobazar.EU vystupuje so svojím spoločníkom Jurajom Rybárskym ako predajca RF Motors z Rovinky pri Bratislave.Moderátor podcastu Erik Stríž sa Ferenca pýta nielen na jeho začiatky, ale aj vplyv influcerskej postavy na reálne podnikanie, či je práve podnikanie s automobilmi tým ideálnym priestorom na zbohatnutie, aké problémy obnáša táto činnosť a kam smeruje budúcnosť slovenského influencera. Ten podľa vlastných slov tvrdí, že aj keď to navonok vyzerá ako dosiahnutie „slovenského sna“, realita je často odlišná a ľudia by nemali podľahnúť nálepkovaniu ľudí len preto, ako pôsobia na internete.Okrem obchodu s autami sa v rozhovore zmieňuje aj organizácia podujatia Boss Race a nové podnikateľské aktivity v oblasti poľnohospodárskej techniky.V rozhovore Michal Ferenc povedal viac aj tom, ako kupoval starý VW Passat od Albáncov za peniaze, ktoré si priniesol z Írska v ponožke, prečo je pre predaj dôležité ukazovať luxusný životný štýl, aký má názor na moderné elektromobily a či je v poriadku, keď si mladí dospelí kupujú ako prvé auto staré luxusné vozidlá namiesto nudných, ale novších a ekonomicky bezpečnejších.

1. Fico zachránil Brhela pred väzením. 2. Kuruc by mal skončiť. 3. Za Hlas nechce kandidovať prvý politik.

Zločin v 90. letech v České republice (tzv. „divoká devadesátá“) byl po pádu komunismu charakteristický prudkým nárůstem organizovaného zločinu, vražd a podvodů. Jen v roce 1990 stoupl počet vražd na více než dvojnásobek. Éru definovaly orličtí vrazi, nájemné vraždy, tunelování a propojení podsvětí s policií.

Zločin v 90. letech v České republice (tzv. „divoká devadesátá“) byl po pádu komunismu charakteristický prudkým nárůstem organizovaného zločinu, vražd a podvodů. Jen v roce 1990 stoupl počet vražd na více než dvojnásobek. Éru definovaly orličtí vrazi, nájemné vraždy, tunelování a propojení podsvětí s policií.Všechny díly podcastu Historie Plus můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Andrej Anastasov. Psal o videohrách, pak přičichl k byznysu s weby, které inzerují poskytování sexu za úplatu. Co všechno má podle policie na svědomí? A jak se hájí? Téma pro investigativního reportéra serveru SeznamZprávy Jakuba Mikela. Ptá se Matěj Skalický.Všechny díly podcastu Vinohradská 12 můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Andrej Anastasov. Psal o videohrách, pak přičichl k byznysu s weby, které inzerují poskytování sexu za úplatu. Co všechno má podle policie na svědomí? A jak se hájí? Téma pro investigativního reportéra serveru SeznamZprávy Jakuba Mikela. Ptá se Matěj Skalický.

Yau shirin ya mayar da hankali ne dangane gagarumar yarjejeniyar cinikayya mafi girma da ba'a taba ganin irinta ba, da aka cimma tsakanin ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turain ƙasar India. Yarjejeniyar da aka cimma yayin ziyarar da shugabannin Turai suka kai New Delhi na ƙasar India, za ta bada damar kasuwanci mara shinge tsakanin ƙasashe mambobin EU 27 da kuma ƙasar da ta fi yawan jama'a a duniya, waɗanda suka kaɗai suka mamaye kusan kashi 25% na jimillar hada-hadar kasuwancin cikin gida na duniya da kuma cinkayyar mutane biliyan biyu. Domin ko a shekarar 2024 kaɗai, an yi cinikin sama da Euro biliyan 120 a tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu. Masu sharhi na ganin cewa kalaman wannan yarjejeniya da ɓangarorin biyu suka cimma, alaƙa da manufofin Shugaban Amurka, Donald Trump, musamman duba da yadda Tarayyar Turai ke ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa abokan hulɗar kasuwancinta, ba tare da dogaro da Amurka kaɗai ba. Yarjejeniyar dai na nufin cewa daga yanzu, India za ta soke ko kuma zaftare haraji kan hajoji da dama da take shigarwa yankin Turai, da suka haɗa da motoci daga kaso 110% zuwa 10% kachal, matakin da zai shafi kayan abinci da barasa da tufafi da kayan ado da dai sauransu. An dai ƙulla yarjejeniyar ce a daidai lokacin da mafi yawan ƙasashen duniya ke takun-saka da Amurka sakamakon haraji babu ƙaƙƙautawa da Donald Trump ke amfani da shi don tursasawa abokan hulɗa. Shiga alamar sauti, domin sauraron cikakken shirin.

The National Angus Bull Sale was Jan. 9, 2026, in Oklahoma City, Okla., held during Cattlemen's Congress. A total of 28 bulls were sold, grossing $623,750 and averaging $22,276. Those numbers don't just mark a historic national sale; they signal an exciting season for cattlemen.Visit AngusJournal.net for more and to subscribe.

A Najeriya, an koma makaranta bayan kammala hutun ƙarshen shekara, to sai dai yanzu haka akwai ɗimbin yara da ba sa zuwa makaranta saboda matsalar tsaro Mafi yawansu a jihohin Katsina, Neja, Sokoto, Zamfara da dai sauransu. Shin ko meye makomar yaran da ba sa samun damar zuwa makaranta sakamakon wannan matsala ta tsaro? Shin waɗannan matakai suku kamata a ɗauka don tunkarar wannan matsala da ke hana ɗimbin yara damar samun ilimi a wasu sassan Najeriya? Ku danna alamar saurare domin jin cikakken shirin tare da Faruk Yabo.

O fenoménu ubytoven jsme v Plzni hovořili s terénním specialistou pro výzkum Viktorem Davídkem a antropologem a terénním pracovníkem Viktorem Rumpíkem. Podpořte vznik dalších epizod v naší aktuální kampani https://komunita.denikalarm.cz/

Černohorský narkobaron Darko Šarič vydělával miliardu dolarů ročně dovozem kokainu z Jižní Ameriky. Co přesně vynášelo další miliony dolarů Sergeji Michajlovovi, ruskému „podnikateli“, který souvislost s organizovaným zločinem popírá, se neví dodnes. Příběh obou bossů přibližuje v Portrétech historik Jan Adamec. (Pořad vysíláme v repríze, premiéru jste mohli slyšet v září 2025.)

Shirin Duniyar Wasanni tare da Khamis Saleh a wannan lokaci zayyi duba ne kan yadda aka kammala gasar kokuwar gargajiya ta ƙasa a Jamhuriyar Nijar. Jiya Lahadi ne aka kammala gasar kokowar gargajiya ta ƙasa a Jamhuriyar Nijar da aka gudanar a garin Tawa, wacce ita ce karo ta 46, inda mai masaukin baki ta lashe takobin bayan ƴan kokowarta biyu sun kai wasan ƙarshe a wannan gasa. Bayan karawa ta mintuna 11 da daƙiƙu 6, Nura Hassan ne ya yi nasara kan Zakiru Zakari. Ku latsa alamar sauti don sauraron cikakken shirin.

Když se mluví o slovenské mafii, nejde jmenovat pár jednotlivců. Slovensko ovládaly celé gangy pojmenované po svých šéfech. Sýkorovci, Černákovci, Papayovci.. zapletli se do obchodu s drogami, vydírání, korupce, pašování a dokonce i do únosu syna tehdejšího slovenského prezidenta.O únosu Michala Kováče mladšího mluvím za paywallem, celou epizodu najdete zde:herohero.co/podcastpribehyforendors.cz/pandikralovna

1. Hľadá sa sudca, ktorý Pellegrinimu povie, že to môže podpísať 2. Maďari sú nahnevaní a zvažujú neposlušnosť 3. Gašpar útočí na študentov

Před Vánoci nadělili slovenští poslanci občanům své země několik dárků. Na poslední letošní schůzi schválili dlouho očekávanou novelu trestního zákona. Ta obsahuje změny, které se týkají drobných krádeží, tzv. horalkového paragrafu.

Před Vánoci nadělili slovenští poslanci občanům své země několik dárků. Na poslední letošní schůzi schválili dlouho očekávanou novelu trestního zákona. Ta obsahuje změny, které se týkají drobných krádeží, tzv. horalkového paragrafu.Všechny díly podcastu Názory a argumenty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Černákovské vraždy sa netýkali len mafiánskych bossov, ale postihli aj celkom obyčajných ľudí. Dnes vám v podcaste Mafiánsky štát prinášame tri príbehy obetí, ktoré sú menej známe. Tibor Kohulák, Imrich Oláh a Marián Karcel všetci zomreli z rozhodnutia Mikuláša Černáka, aj keď každý inak.Biely kôň, ktorý si užíval spoluprácu s mafiou, no nevel držať jazyk za zubami. Spolupracovník košickej mafie, o ktorom sa černákovci dopočuli, že chce zabiť bystrického bossa. Okradnutý podnikateľ, ktorý sa nebál svedčiť. Tieto tri príbehy si môžete vypočuť v dnešnej epizóde Mafiánskeho štátu.Nahrával Peter Hanák.

In this Meatspad episode, we welcome Dr. Gretchen Mafi to discuss the world of meat judging. She explains what meat judging is, and we explore how it supports quality, better decision-making, and effectively communicating that information. Dr. Mafi also shares the key skills students gain through meat judging programs. Finally, she announced the celebration of 100 years of meat judging, 1926–2026.

Prvostupňový súd Mikuláša Černáka neprepustil, lebo mu neuveril. Bývalý bystrický boss je totiž usvedčený klamár a manipulátor. Niektorí znalci tvrdili, že je nenapraviteľný psychopat. Aké argumenty o tom svedčia? Vypočujte si ďalšiu epizódu podcastu Mafiánsky štát.Prečo iní mafiáni sú už na slobode, alebo sa niekedy dostanú z výkonu trestu von, ale Mikulášovi Černákovi sa to zatiaľ nepodarilo? A vedeli ste, že Černák si už spoza mreží objednal minimálne jednu, a možno až dve vraždy?Podľa najnovších informácií so žiadosťou o podmienečné prepustenie dlhodobo kalkuloval. Priznal sa a oľutoval teda len preto, aby mal šancu dostať sa na slobodu? A ako pri posudzovaní na súde zavážilo, že žiadosť o prepustenie nepodal sám, ale iba sa pridal k žiadosti pochybného občianskeho združenia?V tejto epizóde Mafiánskeho štátu budete počuť experta na mafiu Jána Petroviča a Petra Suržina mladšieho, pozostalého po zavraždenom, ktorému jeden z černákovcov odrezal hlavu.Autorom scenára a moderátorom je Peter Hanák.

Podnikatel s image mafiána, který pokryl Česko nelegálními billboardy. Je to jen lokální obchodník s černou reklamou, nebo má na svědomí i lidské životy? Únosy podnikatelů, vydírání, sledování na objednávku, vraždy mafiánských bossů – reportér Vojtěch Gavriněv rozkrývá příběh podnikatele s mafiánskou minulostí.

Prezident nepodpísal novelu zákon o hazarde. Vyslúžil si za to pochvalu opozičných strán a kritiku ministra Huliaka. Podľa Petra Kotlára novelu ministra nepodporujú voliči žiadnej strany a návrh mal byť stiahnutý z rokovania parlamentu.Nájde sa teda pre návrh o hazarde, ktorý Andrej Danko označil za motorovú pílu Rudolfa Huliaka, riešenie? Prelomí koalícia veto prezidenta a ako sa zachová klubu SNS? Prečo kritici a opozícia ministrovi Huliakovi vyčíta, že len pomáha biznisu z hazardom a prečo si to myslí aj minister Taraba, ktorý hazard označil za špinavý a asociálny biznis? A čo je nové na ministerstve športu? Prečo sa minister dostal do sporu s našimi najväčšími športovými zväzmi a ako z toho von?

Jeho pseudonym Neuer je dnes názvom úspešného kriminálneho seriálu, ktorý vznikol na motívy jeho bestsellerov. Nie každý vie, že autor Václav Neuer, vlastným menom Kincl, nie je len spisovateľom s bujnou fantáziou. Príbehy, ktoré dnes s napätím čítajú tisíce ľudí, kedysi sám vyšetroval ako elitný kriminalista na oddelení vrážd. Autentické skúsenosti z divokých 90. rokov sú základom úspechu jeho kníh. O drsnej realite boja s mafiou, ktorá bola vtedy na vrchole moci, prehovoril otvorene v relácii Ide o nás. Psychický nápor a hrôzy, ktoré videl na miestach činu, sa naučil zvládať absolútnym sústredením na prácu. Dnes tieto zážitky premieňa na napínavé príbehy, v ktorých však, na rozdiel od reality, vždy zvíťazí spravodlivosť. „Moje knihy sú tak trochu rozprávky pre dospelých. V nich je zlo vždy potrestané. V skutočnosti to tak, žiaľ, nebolo,“ dodáva s tým, že jeho cieľom je predovšetkým baviť čitateľa. Cesta od policajta k spisovateľovi bola pre neho prirodzeným naplnením snov. „Mal som obrovské šťastie, že som celý život robil to, čo ma baví, a že sa mi sny plnili tak nejako postupne a nenásilne. Som za to nesmierne vďačný,“ pokračoval autor, ktorého predlohu vzali aj tvorcovia jojkárskeho seriálu Neuer. Prvé oslovanie prišlo už pred troma rokmi a reakcia Václava Neuera bola prekvapivá. Myslel si, že si z neho robia žarty. Nerobili. Na obrazovkách je aktuálne miniséria, v ktorej hrá hlavnú rolu Marián Miezga a sekundujú mu herci ako Marko Igonda, Jana Kvantíková či Ladislav Bédi. Aj o nakrúcaní či rozhovoroch s hercami prehovoril Václav Neuer v našom štúdiu. Dozviete sa tiež, či si spomína ešte na prvú vraždu, ktorú vyšetroval, či má vo vlastnom zozname nevyriešený prípad alebo ako bojoval s pohľadom na krutosť a čo bolo pre neho najdôležitejšie pri práci vyšetrovateľa. Viac si pozrite v relácii Ide o nás.

Mafiánska kariéra môže byť rýchla, brutálna, intenzívna ako akčný film. Ale obvykle býva veľmi krátka. Máloktorý príbeh o tom svedčí lepšie ako ten, ktorého hlavným hrdinom je - alebo skôr bol - Michal Csémy.Tento chlapec z južného Slovenska sa stal mafiánskym katom, známym svojou brutalitou - a jeho príbeh obsahuje nielen vraždy, ale aj útek, záchranu, 2 zrady, 2 pomsty, dve mafiánske skupiny a 2 odrezané hlavy. A to všetko v priebehu šiestich mesiacov v roku 1997. Jeho skutok rozpútal vojnu v dunajskostredskom podsvetí, a prípad Csémy mal síce nepriamy, ale zásadný vplyv aj na jej koniec. Keď ľudia spomínajú, aký bol, väčšinou zaznieva slovo psychopat.V dnešnom podcaste Mafiánsky štát nám o tom viac povie znalec mafie z Dunajskej Stredy David Barak z webu Parameter. Doplní ho černákov vodič Slavomír Surový.Autorom scenára a moderátorom podcastu je Peter Hanák.

Černohorský narkobaron Darko Šarič vydělával miliardu dolarů ročně dovozem kokainu z Jižní Ameriky. Co přesně vynášelo další miliony dolarů Sergeji Michajlovovi, ruskému „podnikateli“, který souvislost s organizovaným zločinem popírá, se neví dodnes. Příběh obou bossů přibližuje v Portrétech historik Jan Adamec.Všechny díly podcastu Portréty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

1. Mafián na ruke, plagiátor v srdci. 2. Týchto protestov sa Fico zatiaľ nemusí báť, z tohto generálny štrajk nebude. 3. Vláda je bezpečnostným rizikom pre štát, ktorý riadi.

Vo vydavateľstve Denníka N vyšiel komiksový román o dunajskostredskej mafii deväťdesiatych rokov s názvom 113 rán. S jeho autorom Gáborom Gyenesom a Jaroslavom Spišiakom, ktorý v pozícii policajta zažil mnohé z udalostí z knihy na vlastnej koži, sa rozprával Braňo Bezák.

Pentito. Obyčejné italské označení pro kajícníka. Od 80. let má ale další význam: označuje mafiány, kteří se – z mnoha různých důvodů – rozhodli porušit přísný zákon mafiánské mlčenlivosti omertà a promluvili před policií. Speciál Portrétů představí tři takové kajícníky: Tommasa Buscettu, Giovanniho Bruscu a Salvatore Contorna.

Pentito. Obyčejné italské označení pro kajícníka. Od 80. let má ale další význam: označuje mafiány, kteří se – z mnoha různých důvodů – rozhodli porušit přísný zákon mafiánské mlčenlivosti omertà a promluvili před policií. Speciál Portrétů představí tři takové kajícníky: Tommasa Buscettu, Giovanniho Bruscu a Salvatore Contorna.Všechny díly podcastu Portréty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Šéfredaktor Denníka N Matúš Kostolný sa rozpráva s Mariánom Leškom a Monikou Tódovou o knihe Ficokracia, ktorá vyjde v októbri. Knihu si je možné objednať na webe Denníka N. 

Salvatore Riina (1930–2017) byl už v devatenácti letech odsouzen za vraždu a na svobodu se v roce 1956 dostal, když vrcholila první válka o post šéfa sicilské mafie. Riina se v ní stal jedním ze tří nejmocnějších mužů. V čele sicilské mafie stál v 70. a 80. letech a na vrchol Cosa Nostry doslova provraždil. Jenže brutální násilí se mu stalo osudným: sami jeho lidé řekli dost. Jak se podařilo Riinu dopadnout? Nejen o tom hovoří v Portrétech historik Jan Adamec.

Salvatore Riina (1930–2017) byl už v devatenácti letech odsouzen za vraždu a na svobodu se v roce 1956 dostal, když vrcholila první válka o post šéfa sicilské mafie. Riina se v ní stal jedním ze tří nejmocnějších mužů. V čele sicilské mafie stál v 70. a 80. letech a na vrchol Cosa Nostry doslova provraždil. Jenže brutální násilí se mu stalo osudným: sami jeho lidé řekli dost. Jak se podařilo Riinu dopadnout? Nejen o tom hovoří v Portrétech historik Jan Adamec.Všechny díly podcastu Portréty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Před padesáti lety, 30. července 1975, se doslova propadl do země americký odborový předák Jimmy Hoffa. Zmizení muže, který byl napojen na mafiánské podsvětí, je jeden z nejznámějších nevyřešených případů v historii. Že by za Hoffovým zmizením byla mafie, vyšetřování FBI to ale nepotvrdilo. Více si poslechněte v Portrétech.Všechny díly podcastu Portréty můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Keď sa Mikuláš Černák dostal koncom roka 1997 do väzby, jeho skupina sa začala postupne rozpadať. Ešte chvíľu však fungovala, čo a prejavilo napríklad tým, že si boss z väzby dokázal objednať vraždu svedka. Marián Karcel, ktorý proti černákovcom svedčil, že mu zobrali jeho penzión, skončil rozstrieľaný pred vlastným domom. Záhadné úmrtia ale postihli aj členov černákovského klanu. Kolegovia mafiáni boli totiž tiež potenciálni svedkovia.V dnešnej epizóde podcastu Mafiánsky štát nám o týchto udalostiach hovoria Ján Petrovič, expert Aktualít na mafiu, a Slavomír Surový, bývalý černákovec. Druhú sériu Mafiánskeho štátu si môžete vypočuť po prihlásení do služby Aktuality Navyše – aktuálne aj zadarmo. Autorom scenára a moderátorom je Peter Hanák. Podcast sa zakladá aj na knihe Jána Petroviča Slovenská mafia: Príbehy písané krvou.

On today's episode of the Two Mikes Colonel Mike and Dr. Mike had the pleasure of discussing the U.S. economy and politics with renowned Libertarian and financial expert Murray Sabrin. Dr. Sabrin started by explaining that the idea of non-intervention applies to the domestic economy as well as the nation's foreign policy. Both are better off when the federal government does not align itself with interventionism. On the domestic economic front, he reminded us that we live in a profit-and-loss economy, success and bankruptcy are both common occurrences, and that is a natural outcome in a capitalist economy where the consumer is ultimately the proper judge of success or failure for all companies. If a company is going to fail, it is because the consumers' have decided that its products are over-priced or inferior in quality. In that circumstance, the business must choose for itself between improving their product quality and moderating prices, or simply closing shop. The wrench is the system, naturally enough, is the federal government which far too often interferes and subsidizes failing businesses thereby making matters worse with economic costs increasing and taxpayer dollars wasted. In a profit-and-loss economy, like America's, a national government policy of non-intervention in the national economy invariably produces a decline in poverty, improved products, additional jobs, and the success of better run companies and reasonably priced products. On foreign policy, the fruits of non-intervention in problems that are of no security concern to the United States are self-evident. International intervention by the United States causes wars –currently in Ukraine, Israel-vs-Iran and, this week, in Syria. As important, war for the United States is always a losing endeavor. Notwithstanding the obscene amounts of taxpayer money spent on the U.S. military since 1945, U.S. general officers have been dominated by men and women who have – over the past 80 years – decisively proven that they are unable to win against always weaker enemies. Having lost every war Washington has chosen to fight since 1945, there is no doubt that money is not the answer to end our binge of defeats, but rather it's a prolonged and glaringly apparent failure of leadership, strategy, courage, and – enormously so – commonsense at nearly every level of the U.S. military Dr. Sabrin also delivered a surprise during our discussion. He announced that he is forming a committee to help him determine if he should attempt a run for the U.S. presidency in 2028. He said that he also is building a soon to be ready app called “Make Americans Financially Independent” or MAFI. Via that App he intends to elicit opinions about what people thing about the country's economy, quality of life, and foreign policy, as well as to get their response to some of his plans he has if he becomes president, such as ending the income tax and ending the U.S. government's interventionism at home and abroad. He also said that one of the main factors contributing to the federal government's ever increasing authoritarianism is the stripping the states of the powers assigned to them by the Constitution. A process of returning powers that belong to the states would, naturally, strip the federal government of the powers that have been systematically stolen from the states since the end of the Civil War. At the present moment, almost all domestic matters the Congress and the President are involved in are rightly the sole responsibility of the states under the Constitution.SPONSORS Triangle Fragrance: https://trianglefragrance.com/?sca_ref=4171318.dUndUHDKz3 Cambridge Credit: https://www.cambridge-credit.org/twomikes EMP Shield: https://www.empshield.com/?coupon=twomikes Our Gold Guy: https://www.ourgoldguy.com www.TwoMikes.us

Každý týždeň nový útok, alebo aj dva. Tak by sa dala opísať kampaň predsedu SNS Andreja Danka voči jeho koaličnému spojencovi, strane Hlas-SD, a jej zakladateľovi a čestnému predsedovi Petrovi Pellegrinimu. Danko chce šetriť v rezorte Hlasu, na dnešnej koaličnej rade chce riešiť osud ministra Kamila Šaška. Navrhuje zoštáňovať záchranky, čím by Hlasu vzal možnosť prerozdeliť veľké peniaze súkromníkom. Najnovšie tvrdí, že prezident Pellegrini sa má sťahovať do luxusnej štátnej vily. Prezidentský palác Dankove tvrdenia popiera a posmešný komentár na jeho adresu vydala aj hovorkyňa Smeru. Nejde pritom o prvý útok. Predseda SNS útočil na prezidenta aj pre jeho vojenský výcvik. O čo presne Andrejovi Dankovi ide? Sú v hre peniaze, moc, preferencie či iba osobný problém? Nahrávali Peter Hanák a Tomáš Kyseľ. Pustite si aj spoplatnený podcast Mafiánsky štát. Jeho dnešná nová epizóda je o tom, že Mikuláš Černák sa zrejme do väzby dostal aj z politických dôvodov, a preto mu nepomohol ani údajný veľký úplatok.

Každý týždeň nový útok, alebo aj dva. Tak by sa dala opísať kampaň predsedu SNS Andreja Danka voči jeho koaličnému spojencovi, strane Hlas-SD, a jej zakladateľovi a čestnému predsedovi Petrovi Pellegrinimu. Danko chce šetriť v rezorte Hlasu, na dnešnej koaličnej rade chce riešiť osud ministra Kamila Šaška. Navrhuje zoštáňovať záchranky, čím by Hlasu vzal možnosť prerozdeliť veľké peniaze súkromníkom. Najnovšie tvrdí, že prezident Pellegrini sa má sťahovať do luxusnej štátnej vily. Prezidentský palác Dankove tvrdenia popiera a posmešný komentár na jeho adresu vydala aj hovorkyňa Smeru. Nejde pritom o prvý útok. Predseda SNS útočil na prezidenta aj pre jeho vojenský výcvik. O čo presne Andrejovi Dankovi ide? Sú v hre peniaze, moc, preferencie či iba osobný problém? Nahrávali Peter Hanák a Tomáš Kyseľ. Pustite si aj spoplatnený podcast Mafiánsky štát. Jeho dnešná nová epizóda je o tom, že Mikuláš Černák sa zrejme do väzby dostal aj z politických dôvodov, a preto mu nepomohol ani údajný veľký úplatok.

Keď sa bystrický boss prišiel koncom roka 1997 dobrovoľne prihlásiť na políciu, myslel si, že ho na druhý deň pustia. Namiesto toho je (s krátkou prestávkou) za mrežami doteraz. A to napriek ovplyvňovaniu svedkov, či dokonca podozreniam z uplácania funkcionárov, policajtov a sudcov. Dnes to vyzerá tak, že išlo o politické rozhodnutie vládneho hnutia HZDS Vladimíra Mečiara, ktorý si myslel, že mu mafiánske vraždenie v uliciach prehrá voľby.Údajné úplatky a kontakty už černákovcom nepomohli, pretože vláda musela aspoň predstierať boj s mafiou. Ako to vyzeralo v praxi? Prečo sa boss mafie prišiel dobrovoľne vydať policajtom, a ako fungovala jeho skupina potom? Ako to, že odsúdenie za vraždy prišlo až oveľa neskôr, keď sa konečne našli svedkovia? O tom všetkom sa dozviete viac v novej epizóde podcastu Mafiánsky štát, pod systémom predplatného Aktuality Navyše.Nahrávali Peter Hanák a Ján Petrovič.

Konkurzný právnik Zoroslav Kollár, právoplatne odsúdený za uplácanie šéfa SIS, a figurujúci aj v ďalších kauzách, zakladá politickú stranu. Ide pritom o človeka z mafiánskych zoznamov, ktorý je aj v komunikácii Mariána Kočnera, podnikal s Bödörovcami, sídli v luxusnom kaštieli a spája sa s ním množstvo podozrivých alebo kontroverzných okolností. Aká bude jeho nová strana?Ak má byť nová strana konkurenciou Smeru, prečo ho pozval smerácky poslanec Ján Podmanický na oslavy do Starej Bystrice a prečo v jeho prospech podal dovolanie minister spravodlivosti za Smer Boris Susko?Čo všetko vieme o Zoroslavovi Kollárovi, v dnešnom podcaste Aktuality Nahlas vysvetlí Xénia Makarová z Nadácie Zastavme korupciu.Moderuje Peter Hanák. Zistenia Aktualít pochádzajú z článku Tomáša Kyseľa.Všetky naše podcasty nájdete na jednej stránke tu. Na odber všetkých nových dielov sa môžete prihlásiť cez iTunes alebo Spotify. Sledujte nás aj na facebookovej stránke Podcasty Aktuality.sk.

Co se stane, když stát přestane rozlišovat mezi politikou a organizovaným zločinem? V Srbsku to není hypotéza, ale každodenní realita. Stevan Dojčinović, investigativní novinář z redakce KRIK.rs v rozhovoru s Pavlou Holcovou otevřeně mluví o propojení mafiánských klanů s vládními strukturami, o brutalitě, která nemá v Evropě obdoby, i o systému, kde ti, kdo zabíjejí, jsou hrdiny večerní talkshow. Protagonista je podcast s Pavlou Holcovou. České znění Petr Gojda a Jiří Slavičínský.Stevan vyrostl v chaotickém období po balkánských válkách a s punkovým zápalem se pustil do boje proti beztrestnosti. Popisuje případy kdy těla obětí vražd mizela v průmyslové drtičce, i roky investigací, během nichž byl neustále sledován, dehonestován a označován za „nepřítele státu“. I přesto dál odhaluje, kdo stojí za násilím, které zasahuje nejen Srbsko, ale celou Evropu.Jak vypadá „dům na zabíjení“ na okraji Bělehradu? Jakou roli při vydírání a náboru zločineckých kumpánů hrály šifrované telefony Sky ECC? A proč se v Srbsku zločinci stali popkulturními ikonami? A také o tom, jaké to je, když vaše investigace míří vysoko – a místo vděku přichází štvavé kampaně, soudy a pokusy o profesní likvidaci.⁠Přihlaste se k odběru newsletteru Protagonista zde (https://investigace.ecomailapp.cz/public/form/135-944c4287a69f4094fc099a7cf7add962)  a buďte mezi prvními, kdo se dozví o nových epizodách a spuštění anglické verze.⁠Podcastová série Protagonista vznikla v roce 2025 v koprodukci české redakce investigace.cz, mezinárodní sítě investigativních novinářů OCCRP, dánské společnosti Dark Riviera a francouzské filmové produkční a distribuční společnosti Sciapode. Série Protagonista je součást projektu War Room Content podpořeného Evropskou unií.Rozhovory s předními evropskými investigativními novináři a novinářkami byly natočeny anglicky v pražském studiu investigace.cz. Ve světové předpremiéře uvádíme sérii v podcastovém kanálu Odposlech.

Štátna hymna od skladateľa Oskara Rózsu sa používa len minimálne a za svoj symbol si ju vybrala len konšpiračná a krajne pravicová scéna. Teraz však má nový problém. Heraldická komisia ministerstva vnútra, ktorá má na starosti štátne symboly, tvrdí, že Rózsova skladba má iný notový zápis ako ten, ktorý hymne predpisuje zákon.Znamená to teda, že verzia hymny od Oskara Rózsu podľa zákona nie je predpísanou štátnou hymnou? A je možné, že sa bude meniť zákon o štátnych symboloch, aby sa ňou mohla stať? Alebo bude znieť naďalej na väčšine podujatí stará hymna?Viac sa dozviete v dnešnom podcaste Aktuality Nahlas.Nahrávali Peter Hanák a Kristína Braxatorová.Naše podcasty nájdete na webe Aktuality.sk v sekcii Podcasty, na Spotify, Apple Podcastoch, na Youtube a aj v iných podcastových aplikáciách. Odporúčame aj naše spoplatnené podcasty Mafiánsky štát a TELO, ktoré sú dostupné len na webe Aktualít po prihlásení sa do služby predplatného Aktuality Navyše.

Robert Fico obvinil Britániu zo zasahovania do slovenských volieb na základe článku, ktorý v skutočnosti hovorí niečo úplne iné ako slovenský premiér. Nikde sa nepíše o pomoci konkrétnej strane, ani o platení novinárov. Aktuality zistili, kto presne zo Slovenska pred voľbami v roku 2023 dostal peniaze na aký projekt. Skutočnosť je oveľa prozaickejšia ako tlačovka premiéra. Strana Smer navyše sama vyhrala voľby s pomocou ovplyvňovania volieb zo zahraničia, na čo už v minulosti upozornilo Investigatívne centrum Jána Kuciaka. Maďarský premiér Viktor Orbán platil tesne pred voľbami reklamu na Slovensku, v ktorej strašil migráciou. Na hranice so Slovenskom vtedy Maďarsko pustilo migrantov, ktorých Smer využil v predvolebnom boji. Robert Fico navyše dostal priestor v maďarskej štátnej televízii. Politológ Radoslav Štefančík pripomína aj ruský vplyv.V dnešnom podcaste budete počuť aj reportéra Aktualít Mareka Bíra, ktorý sa rozprával so šéfom organizácie Memo 98. Práve tá mala dostať spomenuté britské peniaze. Na čo konkrétne ich použili? Na podporu žiadnej politickej strany to nebolo. Peniaze išli na nástroj, ktorý ste pred voľbami možno využili aj vy.Podcast Aktuality Nahlas moderuje Peter Hanák.Naše podcasty nájdete na webe Aktuality.sk v sekcii Podcasty, na Spotify, Apple Podcastoch, na Youtube a aj v iných podcastových aplikáciách. Odporúčame aj naše spoplatnené podcasty Mafiánsky štát a TELO, ktoré sú dostupné len na webe Aktualít po prihlásení sa do služby predplatného Aktuality Navyše.

Prečo Európa súhlasila so zvýšením ciel aj výdavkov na americký plyn či zbrane, a nezavádza žiadne protiopatrenia? Posilní colná dohoda spojenectvo USA a EÚ? A najmä - budú sa mať slovenskí zamestnanci automobiliek horšie ako doteraz?V dnešnom podcaste Aktuality Nahlas odpovedajú Pavol Prepiak zo Zväzu automobilového priemyslu SR a analytik portálu Euractiv Radovan Geist.Nahrával Peter Hanák.Naše podcasty nájdete na webe Aktuality.sk v sekcii Podcasty, na Spotify, Apple Podcastoch, na Youtube a aj v iných podcastových aplikáciách. Odporúčame aj naše spoplatnené podcasty Mafiánsky štát a TELO, ktoré sú dostupné len na webe Aktualít po prihlásení sa do služby predplatného Aktuality Navyše.

Welcome Mafi D. onto The Mark Howley Show for this episode that dives into reinvention, breaking generational cycles, and moving from selling drugs to becoming an artist. Raised with a father who was incarcerated his whole life, taught to aspire towards drugs, street life and eventually, jail...this man broke the chain and turned his life the other direction. A father, a rapper, a salesman, an entrepreneur, a social media influencer, Mafi D. talks about how he reinvented himself to grow beyond the pressure of his environment. His music has been featured on Seattle times and FOX13. Check out his Spotify and IG here!

The National Security Hour with Col. Mike and Dr. Mike – We explore why non-intervention is essential for America's economy and foreign policy with Libertarian expert Murray Sabrin. We discuss how government interference leads to failures at home and abroad, the loss of states' constitutional powers, and why empowering consumers and states—not Washington—can restore prosperity. Plus, I announce my new MAFI app and...

The National Security Hour with Col. Mike and Dr. Mike – We explore why non-intervention is essential for America's economy and foreign policy with Libertarian expert Murray Sabrin. We discuss how government interference leads to failures at home and abroad, the loss of states' constitutional powers, and why empowering consumers and states—not Washington—can restore prosperity. Plus, I announce my new MAFI app and...

Part 1 Ignite Me by Tahereh Mafi Summary"Ignite Me" is the third and final book in the "Shatter Me" series by Tahereh Mafi. The novel continues to follow the story of Juliette Ferrars, a young woman with the ability to kill with her touch. Having spent much of her life isolated and without love, Juliette now finds herself in a position of power and responsibility.In the beginning, Juliette struggles with her identity and the consequences of her powers. She has recently united with the rebels against the repressive regime known as The Reestablishment, led by the cruel Supreme Commander Anderson. Juliette is determined to take control of her own life and not be defined solely by her abilities or the people around her. As she grapples with her emotions and relationships, particularly with Adam Kent and Warner, she begins to understand the depths of her powers and her own potential. Juliette's romantic tension with Warner, who is revealed to have a complex past and motivations of his own, brings substantial conflict to the story. Adam, who has been a source of comfort for Juliette, is now a point of contention as she questions her feelings and loyalty.Throughout the novel, there are intense confrontations with the forces of The Reestablishment, as Juliette and her allies strategize to overthrow the oppressive regime. Themes of self-acceptance, love, betrayal, and the fight for freedom are intricately woven into the narrative.By the end of the book, Juliette comes into her own, embracing her abilities and making critical decisions about her future. The story culminates in a powerful climax that emphasizes the importance of choice, love, and fighting for what is right.Ultimately, "Ignite Me" serves as a transformative journey for Juliette as she learns to wield her power and become a leader in her own right, closing the series with a sense of hope and new beginnings.Part 2 Ignite Me AuthorTahereh Mafi is a contemporary author known primarily for her young adult fantasy novels. She was born on November 2, 1988, in Connecticut, USA, to Iranian parents. Mafi is well recognized for her lyrical writing style and intricate world-building in her books. Ignite Me Release Date: Ignite Me, the third book in the "Shatter Me" series, was released on March 25, 2014. The series centers around a young girl named Juliette, who has a lethal touch and struggles with her powers while navigating a dystopian world. Other Works by Tahereh Mafi:"Shatter Me" (2011) The first book of the series that introduces Juliette and sets the stage for her journey."Unravel Me" (2013) The second installment of the "Shatter Me" series."Defy Me" (2019) The fourth book in the series."Reveal Me" (2019) A novella that takes place between Defy Me, and the next installment."Imagine Me" (2020) The fifth installment in the "Shatter Me" series."A Very Large Expanse of Sea" (2018) A standalone contemporary novel that deals with themes of identity and prejudice post-9/11."Furthermore" (2016) A middle-grade fantasy novel about a girl named Alice who embarks on a quest in a magical land."Whichwood" (2017) A companion novel to "Furthermore" that continues the story in that magical realm. Best Editions:In terms of editions, the "Shatter Me" series received a prominent special edition release known as the "Shatter Me box set," which includes the first three books along with exclusive content like illustrations and author notes. Readers often praise this series for its stunning cover designs and the depth of the characters. Additionally, the newer editions of the series feature updated cover art that resonates well with fans and collectors.In summary, while Ignite Me is a significant milestone in Mafi's career, her entire "Shatter Me" series is widely regarded as her best work, appealing significantly to the young...

1. Černákova obhajoba si urobila hanbu. 2. Najvyšší súd vrátil Kočnera do prípadu vraždy Kuciaka a Kušnírovej. 3. Fico si pandemickú zmluvu užíva.