Podcasts about elbe river

In this episode of Battleground, Patrick joins Saul to delve into the historic meeting of American and Red Army Soldiers on the banks of the Elbe near Torgau, Germany on April 25, 1945. As Soviet and American forces converged on the banks of the Elbe River, a handshake across the ruins of Nazi Germany symbolised not just the end of a brutal war, but the dawn of a new, complex global order. Join us as we explore the strategic context, the emotional weight of the moment, and the long shadow this iconic encounter cast on the Cold War that followed. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - battlegroundukraine@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X: @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This Day in Legal History: Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.On April 18, 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its opinion in Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., a significant decision reinforcing the constitutional principle of separation of powers. The case arose after Congress enacted legislation requiring federal courts to reopen certain final judgments in securities fraud cases that had been dismissed under an earlier statute of limitations ruling. The plaintiffs, whose claims had already been dismissed with finality, sought to revive their lawsuits under this new provision.In a 7–2 decision, the Court struck down the law, holding that Congress cannot force Article III courts to reopen final judgments. Writing for the majority, Justice Antonin Scalia stressed the importance of finality in judicial decisions and warned against legislative interference with core judicial functions. He argued that once a case is decided, it becomes law of the case and should not be revisited at Congress's whim.The ruling underscored the judiciary's independence from political pressure and reaffirmed that each branch of government must respect the constitutional boundaries of the others. Scalia noted that permitting Congress to override final court decisions would blur the lines between legislative and judicial authority, threatening the rule of law.This decision was not just a technical interpretation of procedural law; it was a firm statement about institutional integrity. Plaut became a cornerstone case for understanding the limits of congressional power over the courts. It continues to be cited in debates over judicial independence and the sanctity of final judgments.A federal appeals court rejected an emergency attempt by the Trump administration to block a judge's order requiring the government to aid in the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a Maryland man deported to El Salvador despite a 2019 court ruling barring his removal. The court condemned the Justice Department's actions, with Judge Harvie Wilkinson calling them a violation of fundamental liberties and due process. He criticized the administration for acting as though it could abandon individuals in foreign prisons without legal recourse.The Supreme Court previously upheld a similar directive from District Judge Paula Xinis, requiring the administration to work toward bringing Abrego Garcia back from Salvadoran custody. The government claims Garcia is affiliated with the MS-13 gang and lacks the right to remain in the U.S., arguing that Xinis overstepped by involving herself in foreign affairs. However, Wilkinson stressed that due process rights apply regardless of alleged affiliations and warned that ignoring court orders could lead to broader abuses of power, including the potential deportation of U.S. citizens.Abrego Garcia, who has no criminal record in either country, was deported alongside 250 alleged gang members to El Salvador's high-security prison. His 2019 immigration court ruling protected him from deportation due to threats of gang-based extortion.Trump Loses Emergency Appeal to Halt Maryland Deportation CaseThe U.S. Supreme Court will hear arguments on May 15 regarding President Donald Trump's attempt to limit birthright citizenship, a constitutional principle rooted in the 14th Amendment. Although the case won't directly determine the legality of Trump's executive order, it will address whether lower court rulings that blocked the policy nationwide should be scaled back to apply only to specific plaintiffs or jurisdictions.Trump's order, signed in January, seeks to deny citizenship to babies born in the U.S. unless at least one parent is a citizen or permanent resident. It directs federal agencies to withhold documents like Social Security cards and passports from newborns who don't meet that criterion. Critics argue this violates well-established legal interpretations of the 14th Amendment, which affirms citizenship for nearly everyone born on U.S. soil.The Justice Department argues that nationwide injunctions—orders that block policies across the country—exceed judicial authority and should be narrowed. The administration also questions whether the states and groups suing have legal standing. Despite these claims, lower courts have uniformly refused to allow the executive order to take effect.Opponents, including 22 Democratic-led states and immigration advocacy groups, argue that Trump's effort seeks to strip citizenship from thousands of children and overturn long-standing legal precedent. Trump maintains that birthright citizenship was originally intended only for formerly enslaved people, not for the children of non-citizens.US Birthright Citizenship: Supreme Court to Hear Arguments in Case - BloombergUS Supreme Court to hear Trump bid to enforce birthright citizenship order | ReutersFifth Circuit Judge James Ho sharply criticized the power of trial-level judges in a recent opinion, focusing on what he sees as overreach in politically sensitive cases. Ho issued a writ of mandamus instructing a district judge in Louisiana to vacate her order reopening a death penalty case years after it had been dismissed. He was joined by fellow Trump appointee Judge Andrew Oldham, while Judge Catharina Haynes dissented, arguing the appellate process should proceed normally.In his concurring opinion, Ho warned against what he called the misuse of judicial power to obstruct democratic outcomes. He connected the Louisiana case to a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision that reversed a nationwide order from Chief Judge James Boasberg in Washington, D.C., which had blocked the deportation of alleged Venezuelan gang members under the Alien Enemies Act. The Supreme Court said the Venezuelan plaintiffs should have filed their suit in Texas, where they were detained, effectively transferring jurisdiction and narrowing Boasberg's reach.Ho used that ruling to reinforce his argument that appellate courts must intervene swiftly when district judges exceed their authority. He accused some judges of rushing to block policies they oppose politically, calling it a threat to the electorate's choices and governmental efficiency. He argued that deferring to the standard appeals timeline enables what he called “district judge supremacy.”Judge Haynes pushed back in dissent, criticizing the majority's allegation that the district court manipulated legal processes, especially since neither party in the case had challenged the judge's integrity. She maintained the threshold for a mandamus was not met and objected to the majority's tone and assumptions.James Ho Knocks Trial Judge Who Blocked Venezuelan DeportationsThis week's closing theme is The Moldau by Bedřich Smetana, a defining work in Czech Romantic nationalism and one of the most evocative tone poems in classical music. Smetana, born in 1824 in what is now the Czech Republic, was a pioneering composer who sought to express the identity, history, and natural beauty of his homeland through music. A contemporary of Liszt and Wagner, he was deeply influenced by the idea of programmatic music—compositions that tell a story or paint a picture without the use of words.The Moldau (or Vltava, in Czech) is the second and most famous piece from Smetana's larger symphonic cycle Má vlast(My Homeland), composed between 1874 and 1879. The piece traces the course of the Vltava River from its source in the Bohemian forest, through the countryside, past villages and castles, and ultimately to its merger with the Elbe River. Through rich orchestration and shifting textures, Smetana portrays everything from bubbling springs and flowing currents to a peasant wedding and moonlit night dances by water nymphs.Composed while Smetana was going completely deaf, The Moldau is as much a feat of imagination as it is of musical skill. The main theme, introduced by the flutes and then carried through the orchestra, is one of the most recognizable and emotionally stirring in classical music. It serves not just as a musical depiction of a river but as a symbol of Czech identity, resilience, and natural beauty.Closing with The Moldau offers a moment to reflect on continuity, movement, and national spirit—fitting themes for a week shaped by legal currents and constitutional debate.Without further ado, The Moldau, by Bedřich Smetana – enjoy! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

In this episode of Battleground '45, Saul is joined by historian Keith Lowe to discuss their upcoming history tour along the Elbe. The Elbe river runs down from Czechia right through the heart of Germany, together they map out some of the remarkable and sobering tales of history that happened in many of the locations they will be visiting on the tour, including Operation Anthropoid, the bombing of Dresden, and a remarkable escape story from Königstein Castle. To find out more visit www.ww2museumtours.org or email travel@nationalww2museum.org If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - battlegroundukraine@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X: @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

If you've worked in the travel industry for any length of time, you're probably familiar with Kristin Karst. The co-owner and executive vice president of river cruise line AmaWaterways, Karst is a staple at most travel industry conferences, perhaps best known for her bubbly personality, welcoming demeanor and close, personal relationships with travel advisors. However, many travel industry colleagues may not know Karst's unique backstory. She was born and grew up in Dresden, a German town along the Elbe River, in what was formerly Eastern Germany, under a regime that mostly kept Karst and her family isolated from the Western World. In this episode of Humans of Travel, Karst reflects on a childhood spent under the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, and how the limited travel her family was able to do allowed her to gain an appreciation for all that Eastern Europe had to offer and fostered an early love of tourism. Karst will also dive into what it was like when the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, and how she got her start in the travel industry as a leisure manager at American Express Travel, a role that she kept until she moved to Southern California and met Rudi Schreiner, her husband-to-be and the former president of Viking Cruises. Listeners will hear Karst reflect on the early days of AmaWaterways, how she keeps her work-life balance in check and what's behind her unwavering positivity. This episode is sponsored by Apple Leisure Group Vacations.  RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE AmaWaterways' debut in Colombia TravelAge West's 2023 WAVE Awards (AmaWaterways took home wins for River Cruise Line with the Highest Client Satisfaction; Best River Cruise Line for Families; and Best River Cruise Line for Luxury. Get in touch with AmaWaterways: 1-800-626-0126 ABOUT YOUR HOST  Emma Weissmann is the Managing Editor of TravelAge West, a print magazine and website for travel advisors based in the Western U.S. She is also the co-host of Trade Secrets, a podcast created with sister publication Travel Weekly. TravelAge West also produces national trade publications Explorer and Family Getaways, as well as events including the Future Leaders in Travel Retreat, Global Travel Marketplace West, the WAVE Awards gala and the Napa Valley Leadership Forum.  ABOUT THE SHOW  TravelAge West's podcast, “Humans of Travel,” features conversations with exceptional people who have compelling stories to tell. Listeners will hear from the travel industry's notable authorities, high-profile executives, travel advisors and rising stars as they share the highs and lows that make them human.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Trade Secrets is on a holiday break, but in the meantime, we wanted to share some of Travel Weekly and TravelAge West's other podcasts with our listeners. This week's episode is Humans of Travel, hosted by Trade Secrets co-host Emma Weissmann, featuring AmaWaterways' Kristin Karst. If you've worked in the travel industry for any length of time, you're probably familiar with Karst. The co-owner and executive vice president of river cruise line AmaWaterways, Karst is a staple at most travel industry conferences, perhaps best known for her bubbly personality, welcoming demeanor and close, personal relationships with travel advisors. However, many travel industry colleagues may not know Karst's unique backstory. She was born and grew up in Dresden, a German town along the Elbe River, in what was formerly Eastern Germany, under a regime that mostly kept Karst and her family isolated from the Western World. In this episode of Humans of Travel, Karst reflects on a childhood spent under the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, and how the limited travel her family was able to do allowed her to gain an appreciation for all that Eastern Europe had to offer and fostered an early love of tourism. Karst will also dive into what it was like when the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, and how she got her start in the travel industry as a leisure manager at American Express Travel, a role that she kept until she moved to Southern California and met Rudi Schreiner, her husband-to-be and the former president of Viking Cruises. Listeners will hear Karst reflect on the early days of AmaWaterways, how she keeps her work-life balance in check and what's behind her unwavering positivity. Need advice? Call our hotline and leave a message: 201-902-2098 Email us: tradesecrets@travelweekly.com   Theme song: Sock Hop by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4387-sock-hop License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1892, a resident with cholera accidentally transmitted the disease via the Elbe River to Hamburg, Germany’s entire water supply. Within weeks, ten thousand citizens died. Eight years earlier, German microbiologist Robert Koch had made a discovery: cholera was waterborne. Koch’s revelation prodded officials in large European cities to invest in filtration systems to protect their water. Hamburg authorities, however, had done nothing. Citing costs and alleging dubious science, they’d ignored clear warnings while their city careened toward catastrophe. The book of Proverbs has a lot to say about those of us who see trouble yet refuse to act. “A prudent person foresees danger and takes precaution” (27:12 NLT). When God helps us see danger ahead, it’s common sense to take action to address the danger. We wisely change course (v. 11). Or we ready ourselves with appropriate precautions that He provides. But we do something. To do nothing is sheer lunacy. We can all fail to miss the warning signs, however, and careen toward disaster. “The simpleton goes blindly on and suffers the consequences” (v. 12 nlt). In Scripture and in the life of Jesus, God shows us the path to follow and warns us of trouble we’ll surely face. If we’re foolish, we’ll barrel ahead, headlong into danger. Instead, as He leads us by His grace, may we heed His wisdom and change course. Winn Collier

If you've worked in the travel industry for any length of time, you're probably familiar with Kristin Karst. The co-owner and executive vice president of river cruise line AmaWaterways, Karst is a staple at most travel industry conferences, perhaps best known for her bubbly personality, welcoming demeanor and close, personal relationships with travel advisors. However, many travel industry colleagues may not know Karst's unique backstory. She was born and grew up in Dresden, a German town along the Elbe River, in what was formerly Eastern Germany, under a regime that mostly kept Karst and her family isolated from the Western World. In this episode of Humans of Travel, Karst reflects on a childhood spent under the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, and how the limited travel her family was able to do allowed her to gain an appreciation for all that Eastern Europe had to offer and fostered an early love of tourism. Karst will also dive into what it was like when the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, and how she got her start in the travel industry as a leisure manager at American Express Travel, a role that she kept until she moved to Southern California and met Rudi Schreiner, her husband-to-be and the former president of Viking Cruises. Listeners will hear Karst reflect on the early days of AmaWaterways, how she keeps her work-life balance in check and what's behind her unwavering positivity. This episode is sponsored by Apple Leisure Group Vacations.  RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE AmaWaterways' debut in Colombia TravelAge West's 2023 WAVE Awards (AmaWaterways took home wins for River Cruise Line with the Highest Client Satisfaction; Best River Cruise Line for Families; and Best River Cruise Line for Luxury. Get in touch with AmaWaterways: 1-800-626-0126 ABOUT YOUR HOST  Emma Weissmann is the Managing Editor of TravelAge West, a print magazine and website for travel advisors based in the Western U.S. She is also the co-host of Trade Secrets, a podcast created with sister publication Travel Weekly. TravelAge West also produces national trade publications Explorer and Family Getaways, as well as events including the Future Leaders in Travel Retreat, Global Travel Marketplace West, the WAVE Awards gala and the Napa Valley Leadership Forum.  ABOUT THE SHOW  TravelAge West's podcast, “Humans of Travel,” features conversations with exceptional people who have compelling stories to tell. Listeners will hear from the travel industry's notable authorities, high-profile executives, travel advisors and rising stars as they share the highs and lows that make them human.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mr. Clanton, our previous guest for Episode 5, joins us for Episode 37 to discuss his upcoming trip to Normandy, Belgium, and Germany in June of this year.  This week, we met with Reid and Carolynn Clanton to present their day-by-itinerary.  Also, we surprised Mr. Clanton with Mike Tarr's extensive research, which allowed us to pinpoint several dates and locations for Mr. Clanton's major battles during the war.   Currently a resident of San Antonio, Texas, Mr. Clanton was raised in West Texas, where he grew up on a farm in a very poor household, common during the Great Depression.  Mr. Clanton was asked to leave home at age eleven, as his parents could no longer afford to take care of him.  With only a fourth grade education under his belt, he was hired by a local farmer and was eventually drafted into the U.S. Army.  Mr. Clanton was assigned to the 84th Infantry Division (Railsplitters) and soon deployed to Europe.  Mr. Clanton landed on Omaha Beach, France and fought through Belgium and Germany, before eventually reaching the Elbe River, where General Eisenhower halted the Allied advance to allow the Russians to enter Berlin.  Mr. Clanton fought along the Siegfried Line, where his division punched through the stout defensive line.  When Germany attacked during the Battle of the Bulge, Mr. Clanton's division was forced to travel overnight to Marche, and after brutal fighting, stopped the advancing German forces and kept the Allied lines from totally collapsing.  Following victory in Marche, the 84th Division resumed its' advance crossing the Roer and Rhine rivers, eventually reaching the Elbe.

What is it really like to take a Viking Cruise? This episode is part of a three-part series I created to talk about cruising. I invited friends and colleagues Lina and David Stock of Divergent Travelers to speak with me about cruising in Part One. In this episode, we will discuss my experiences sailing with Viking Cruises. In Part Three of the series, you are going to meet my friends, Ann and Steve Teget,  of Postcard Jar. They are travel writers and global travelers who have taken over 20 cruises. They are experts in the field and share a lot of super valuable information. This was my husband Craig's first cruise ever, and he thoroughly enjoyed it! He told me that one of his favorite aspects of the cruise, besides the delicious food, the impeccable service, the history, the crew, and the itinerary, was the other guests! He made a lot of friends and had a blast meeting new people from around the world. It is fun for me to hear him talk about it and share it with other people. Highlights of this episode: Juicy details of our adventure through Northern France on the cruise Paris and The Heart of Normandy What's it feel like to cruise on a Viking Cruise? Unexpected Delights of a Viking Cruise How to choose your next Viking Cruise Surprising benefits of cruising This episode offers all of the incredible details of this cruise and will also help you decide which Viking Cruise to take next. I cannot wait to go again! Make sure you check out these important links: Viking Cruises Paris & The Heart of Normandy Itinerary My first cruise with Viking Cruises on the Elbe River - Berlin to Prague Information on our cruise to Alaska To find out more about Lina and David of Divergent Travelers AdventuresofEmptyNesters.com Suzanne's Instagram  Suzanne's Amazon Travel Store

William Tyndaleand the English Reformation • Philip Schaff called the Reformation of the sixteenth century “the turning point of modern history.”• He added the Reformation was, “next to the introduction of Christianity, the greatest event in history...thechief propelling force in the history of modern civilization.” PRE-REFORMERS INITIATE1330—John Wycliffe born in England• Oxford professor• Became leading intect in England, Europe1382—Wycliffe Bible translated into English• from Latin into Middle English,• Stiff, wooden translation, handcopied1384—Wycliffe dies, Lutterworth, England1401—"On the Burning of Heretics”• legislation passes by Parliament• Translating, owning English Bible, death• Attempts to suppress the influence of Wycliffe1408—"Constitutions of Oxford”• It's a “dangerous thing” to translate Scripture in English1415—Council of Constance• John Hus burned as martyr• Leader of Bohemian church• Pastored Bethlehem Chapel, Prague Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 2 • Wycliffe condemned, body exhumed• Wycliffe removed from sacred ground in church yard1428—Wycliffe's body dug up, burned• Ashes scattered into Swift River1450—Johannes Gutenberg perfects printing press1455—Gutenberg Bible printedREFORMERS BORN1483—Martin Luther born, Eisleben, Germany1483—Ulrich Zwingli born, Switzerland1494—William Tyndale born, near Gloustershire, England1506—Tyndale enters Magdalen Hall, Oxford• Age 12, normal for that time• Studies here for next ten years1509—John Calvin born, Navon, France• His father, lawyer in the Catholic Church• Raised in Catholic church, to be priest1512—Tyndale earns Bachelor of Arts, Oxford1514—John Knox born, Scotland1515—Tyndale earns Master of Arts, Oxford• Stunningly brilliant, linguistic genius• Would become proficient in eight languagesREFORMATION BEGINS1516—Erasmus compiles Greek New Testament• Leading humanist of his day Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 3 • Cambridge professor• Travels Europe, collects Greek manuscripts1516—Tyndale studies at Cambridge• Continues intellectual pursuit1517—Pope Leo X authorizes indulgences1517—Luther posts 95 Theses• In response to sale of indulgences by Rome1519—Luther converted reading Greek New Testament1520—Tyndale joins White Horse Inn• Small group Bible study• Studying Luther's writings• Called “Little Germany”• Produced leaders of English Reformation• 8 martyrs from this group• Tyndale converted, becomes Reformed1521—Luther, Diet of Worms• Stands heresy trial before authorities• Condemned as heretic, death sentence1521—Tyndale becomes private tutor• Leaves Cambridge to study the Scripture more carefully• Realizes all England is lost• Must translate Bible into English• “plough boy in field know more than pope” Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 4 1522—Luther translates New Testament into German• Produced while he was kidnapped in Wartburg Castle1523—Tyndale denied translation into English• Travels to London to receive permission• Refused, must leave England• Businessman agrees to support himTYNDALE DEPARTS1524—Tyndale leaves England for Europe• Nowhere in England to do the work• Never to return, never to marry1524—Tyndale arrives in Hamburg, Germany1524—Tyndale travels to Wittenberg1525—Tyndale translates English New Testament, Cologne, Germany• Largest city in Germany, easiest to hide• Finished New Testament• Raid on print shop at Matthew 22:131526—Tyndale publishes English New Testament, Worms, Germany• Travels to Worms, Germany on Rhine River into North Sea• Smuggles Bibles into England, Scotland1528—Tyndale writes The Parable of the Wicked Mammon• Teaches justification by faith1528—Tyndale writes The Obedience of a Christian Man• Teaches obedience to the king Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 5 1528—Three agents dispatched, find Tyndale• Returns empty handed without Tyndale1528—John West dispatched, find Tyndale• Returns without Tyndale1529—Tyndale translates Pentateuch into English, Antwerp• Monumental effort1529—Tyndale sails for Elbe River, shipwrecked, translation lost1529—Tyndale retranslates the Pentateuch, Hamburg, Germany• Reunited with Miles Coverdale, Cambridge classmate• Requires ten months to complete the project1529—Tyndale moves to Antwerp, Belgium• Remains elusive, anonymous1529—More, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies• Sir Thomas More unleashed brutal public attack• Called Tyndale captain of English heretics, hell-bound in devil's kennel, new Judas, worse thanSodom and Gomorrah, idolater, devil-worshipper, beast out of whose brutish, beastly mouthcomes filthy foam1530—Tyndale publishes Pentateuch in English, Antwerp• Uses pseudonym Hans Luft, Marburg• Includes glossaries, introductions• Smuggled into England, distributed1530—Tyndale, The Practice of Prelates• Attacks rites, doctrines, corruptions of Rome1530—Stephen Vaughan dispatched, find Tyndale• English merchants, sympathetic to Reformed cause Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 6 • Offered Tyndale safe passage back to England, salary• Tyndale agreed on one condition• If Henry VIII choose another translator1531—Vaughan returns empty handed• “I always find him always singing one note”1531—Sir Thomas Elyot dispatched to Europe• Apprehend Tyndale, return him to the king• Tyndale not to be found1531—Tyndale translates Jonah into English• Desires it be preached to England• “Forty day, London destroyed”1531—Tyndale writes Answer, defends translation1532—More, Confutation of Tyndale's Answer• Massive writing, half million words• Calls Tyndale traitor to England, heretic1534—Henry VIII named Head of Church of England• Denied annulment of his marriage• Pulls England out of Catholic Church• Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, monarch head of church1534—Tyndale moves into house of English merchants, Antwerp• John Rogers joins Tyndale, Coverdale• Rogers converted under Tyndale's witness• Rogers will complete Tyndale's translation Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 7 1534—Tyndale revises Pentateuch, Antwerp1534—Tyndale revises New Testament, Antwerp• 4000 edits to his 1526 printing• Called “the glory of his life's work”1535—Tyndale re-edits New Testament, Antwerp• Makes yet more edits, though fewer1535—Tyndale translates Joshua-2 Chronicles• Completes historical section of Old TestamentTYNDALE MARTYRED1535—Henry Phillips dispatched, find Tyndale• Had gambled away father's estate• Church of England promises to repay1535—Tyndale arrested, Antwerp1535—Tyndale imprisoned, Vilvoorde Castle, Belgium• Held 500 days, 18 months in castle• Miserable conditions1535—Coverdale Bible published• Unknown to Tyndale, Coverdale completes Old Testament• But not from Hebrew1536—Tyndale tried, charged, martyred• Mock trial, charged with heresy• God, open the eyes of the king• Tyndale hung, burned, blown up Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 8 REFORMATION SPREADS1536—Calvin writes Institute of the Christian Religion• Greatest work of Reformation• Explains true Christianity to French King1536—Calvin enters Geneva• Road detour, unintentional destination• Recognized as author, Institutes• Charged to stay or be cursed1537—Rogers publishes Matthew Bible• Edits Old Testament portions translated by Coverdale• Publishes entire Bible, Tyndale's work, his edits1538—Calvin expelled from Geneva• For fencing Lord's Table• Departs for Geneva1541—Calvin returns to Geneva• Geneva begs Calvin to return• Begins with next verse of last exposition• Preaches there for next 23 years 1545—Council of Trent meets• Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders• Launches Counter Reformation• Produces first Catholic doctrinal statement• Declares anathema on Reformers, believers of gospels of grace Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 9 1546—Luther dies in Germany• “I want to be as well known in hell as in heaven”• Preaches last sermon in Eisleben• “God put the power in the Word.”1547—King Henry VIII dies1547—Edward VI, King of England• Boy king, age 9• Protestant king, makes Reformed policies1549—Book of Common Prayer published1549—Act of Uniformity passed1553—Edward VI dies• Dies at age 15• Reformed cause halted1553—Mary I, Queen of England• Bloody Mary assumes throne• Staunch Catholic• Begins martyrdom of Protestants1553—John Knox leaves England for Europe1555—Rogers martyred, Smithfield, London• Charged with heresy• Fist Marian martyr1555—Latimer, Ridley martyred, Oxford• Burned to death at same stake Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 10 • Latimer, “Play the man Master Ridley”1558—Mary I dies, age 42• A mercy of relief to Reformed believers1558—Elizabeth I, Queen of England• Half-sister assumes throne• Chooses halfway house, compromise• Combines Reformed truth, Catholic worship1559—John Knox returns to Scotland• Launches Scottish Reformation1560—Geneva Bible published• Translated into English• First English Bible with chapter divisions• Included study notes1560s—Puritan Age begins• Attempt to purify worship within Church of England1564—Calvin dies in Geneva• Concludes 25 years pastorate1572—St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre1603—Elizabeth I, dies, age 691603—James I becomes King of England1611—King James Version• 90% of New Testament was Tyndale's work1618—Synod of Dort, refutes Arminianism

William Tyndaleand the English Reformation • Philip Schaff called the Reformation of the sixteenth century “the turning point of modern history.”• He added the Reformation was, “next to the introduction of Christianity, the greatest event in history...thechief propelling force in the history of modern civilization.” PRE-REFORMERS INITIATE1330—John Wycliffe born in England• Oxford professor• Became leading intect in England, Europe1382—Wycliffe Bible translated into English• from Latin into Middle English,• Stiff, wooden translation, handcopied1384—Wycliffe dies, Lutterworth, England1401—"On the Burning of Heretics”• legislation passes by Parliament• Translating, owning English Bible, death• Attempts to suppress the influence of Wycliffe1408—"Constitutions of Oxford”• It's a “dangerous thing” to translate Scripture in English1415—Council of Constance• John Hus burned as martyr• Leader of Bohemian church• Pastored Bethlehem Chapel, Prague Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 2 • Wycliffe condemned, body exhumed• Wycliffe removed from sacred ground in church yard1428—Wycliffe's body dug up, burned• Ashes scattered into Swift River1450—Johannes Gutenberg perfects printing press1455—Gutenberg Bible printedREFORMERS BORN1483—Martin Luther born, Eisleben, Germany1483—Ulrich Zwingli born, Switzerland1494—William Tyndale born, near Gloustershire, England1506—Tyndale enters Magdalen Hall, Oxford• Age 12, normal for that time• Studies here for next ten years1509—John Calvin born, Navon, France• His father, lawyer in the Catholic Church• Raised in Catholic church, to be priest1512—Tyndale earns Bachelor of Arts, Oxford1514—John Knox born, Scotland1515—Tyndale earns Master of Arts, Oxford• Stunningly brilliant, linguistic genius• Would become proficient in eight languagesREFORMATION BEGINS1516—Erasmus compiles Greek New Testament• Leading humanist of his day Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 3 • Cambridge professor• Travels Europe, collects Greek manuscripts1516—Tyndale studies at Cambridge• Continues intellectual pursuit1517—Pope Leo X authorizes indulgences1517—Luther posts 95 Theses• In response to sale of indulgences by Rome1519—Luther converted reading Greek New Testament1520—Tyndale joins White Horse Inn• Small group Bible study• Studying Luther's writings• Called “Little Germany”• Produced leaders of English Reformation• 8 martyrs from this group• Tyndale converted, becomes Reformed1521—Luther, Diet of Worms• Stands heresy trial before authorities• Condemned as heretic, death sentence1521—Tyndale becomes private tutor• Leaves Cambridge to study the Scripture more carefully• Realizes all England is lost• Must translate Bible into English• “plough boy in field know more than pope” Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 4 1522—Luther translates New Testament into German• Produced while he was kidnapped in Wartburg Castle1523—Tyndale denied translation into English• Travels to London to receive permission• Refused, must leave England• Businessman agrees to support himTYNDALE DEPARTS1524—Tyndale leaves England for Europe• Nowhere in England to do the work• Never to return, never to marry1524—Tyndale arrives in Hamburg, Germany1524—Tyndale travels to Wittenberg1525—Tyndale translates English New Testament, Cologne, Germany• Largest city in Germany, easiest to hide• Finished New Testament• Raid on print shop at Matthew 22:131526—Tyndale publishes English New Testament, Worms, Germany• Travels to Worms, Germany on Rhine River into North Sea• Smuggles Bibles into England, Scotland1528—Tyndale writes The Parable of the Wicked Mammon• Teaches justification by faith1528—Tyndale writes The Obedience of a Christian Man• Teaches obedience to the king Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 5 1528—Three agents dispatched, find Tyndale• Returns empty handed without Tyndale1528—John West dispatched, find Tyndale• Returns without Tyndale1529—Tyndale translates Pentateuch into English, Antwerp• Monumental effort1529—Tyndale sails for Elbe River, shipwrecked, translation lost1529—Tyndale retranslates the Pentateuch, Hamburg, Germany• Reunited with Miles Coverdale, Cambridge classmate• Requires ten months to complete the project1529—Tyndale moves to Antwerp, Belgium• Remains elusive, anonymous1529—More, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies• Sir Thomas More unleashed brutal public attack• Called Tyndale captain of English heretics, hell-bound in devil's kennel, new Judas, worse thanSodom and Gomorrah, idolater, devil-worshipper, beast out of whose brutish, beastly mouthcomes filthy foam1530—Tyndale publishes Pentateuch in English, Antwerp• Uses pseudonym Hans Luft, Marburg• Includes glossaries, introductions• Smuggled into England, distributed1530—Tyndale, The Practice of Prelates• Attacks rites, doctrines, corruptions of Rome1530—Stephen Vaughan dispatched, find Tyndale• English merchants, sympathetic to Reformed cause Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 6 • Offered Tyndale safe passage back to England, salary• Tyndale agreed on one condition• If Henry VIII choose another translator1531—Vaughan returns empty handed• “I always find him always singing one note”1531—Sir Thomas Elyot dispatched to Europe• Apprehend Tyndale, return him to the king• Tyndale not to be found1531—Tyndale translates Jonah into English• Desires it be preached to England• “Forty day, London destroyed”1531—Tyndale writes Answer, defends translation1532—More, Confutation of Tyndale's Answer• Massive writing, half million words• Calls Tyndale traitor to England, heretic1534—Henry VIII named Head of Church of England• Denied annulment of his marriage• Pulls England out of Catholic Church• Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, monarch head of church1534—Tyndale moves into house of English merchants, Antwerp• John Rogers joins Tyndale, Coverdale• Rogers converted under Tyndale's witness• Rogers will complete Tyndale's translation Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 7 1534—Tyndale revises Pentateuch, Antwerp1534—Tyndale revises New Testament, Antwerp• 4000 edits to his 1526 printing• Called “the glory of his life's work”1535—Tyndale re-edits New Testament, Antwerp• Makes yet more edits, though fewer1535—Tyndale translates Joshua-2 Chronicles• Completes historical section of Old TestamentTYNDALE MARTYRED1535—Henry Phillips dispatched, find Tyndale• Had gambled away father's estate• Church of England promises to repay1535—Tyndale arrested, Antwerp1535—Tyndale imprisoned, Vilvoorde Castle, Belgium• Held 500 days, 18 months in castle• Miserable conditions1535—Coverdale Bible published• Unknown to Tyndale, Coverdale completes Old Testament• But not from Hebrew1536—Tyndale tried, charged, martyred• Mock trial, charged with heresy• God, open the eyes of the king• Tyndale hung, burned, blown up Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 8 REFORMATION SPREADS1536—Calvin writes Institute of the Christian Religion• Greatest work of Reformation• Explains true Christianity to French King1536—Calvin enters Geneva• Road detour, unintentional destination• Recognized as author, Institutes• Charged to stay or be cursed1537—Rogers publishes Matthew Bible• Edits Old Testament portions translated by Coverdale• Publishes entire Bible, Tyndale's work, his edits1538—Calvin expelled from Geneva• For fencing Lord's Table• Departs for Geneva1541—Calvin returns to Geneva• Geneva begs Calvin to return• Begins with next verse of last exposition• Preaches there for next 23 years 1545—Council of Trent meets• Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders• Launches Counter Reformation• Produces first Catholic doctrinal statement• Declares anathema on Reformers, believers of gospels of grace Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 9 1546—Luther dies in Germany• “I want to be as well known in hell as in heaven”• Preaches last sermon in Eisleben• “God put the power in the Word.”1547—King Henry VIII dies1547—Edward VI, King of England• Boy king, age 9• Protestant king, makes Reformed policies1549—Book of Common Prayer published1549—Act of Uniformity passed1553—Edward VI dies• Dies at age 15• Reformed cause halted1553—Mary I, Queen of England• Bloody Mary assumes throne• Staunch Catholic• Begins martyrdom of Protestants1553—John Knox leaves England for Europe1555—Rogers martyred, Smithfield, London• Charged with heresy• Fist Marian martyr1555—Latimer, Ridley martyred, Oxford• Burned to death at same stake Steven J. LawsonMen's Bible StudyEnglish Reformation 10 • Latimer, “Play the man Master Ridley”1558—Mary I dies, age 42• A mercy of relief to Reformed believers1558—Elizabeth I, Queen of England• Half-sister assumes throne• Chooses halfway house, compromise• Combines Reformed truth, Catholic worship1559—John Knox returns to Scotland• Launches Scottish Reformation1560—Geneva Bible published• Translated into English• First English Bible with chapter divisions• Included study notes1560s—Puritan Age begins• Attempt to purify worship within Church of England1564—Calvin dies in Geneva• Concludes 25 years pastorate1572—St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre1603—Elizabeth I, dies, age 691603—James I becomes King of England1611—King James Version• 90% of New Testament was Tyndale's work1618—Synod of Dort, refutes Arminianism

Played by five side-wheel steamers and one orchestra, this concert could only be the brainchild of the Dresdner Sinfoniker. Performing on the Elbe River, they turn the ships' steam whistles into musical instruments.

Due to Corona, events in Germany are still subject to many conditions and restrictions. For musicians, this often means that a concert can turn into a losing business. That is why artists and musicians are still suffering severely from the consequences of the pandemic. The pianists Andreas Güstel and Julian Eilenberger usually perform together under the name "Be-Flügelt". In the past few weeks, however, the two of them have drawn attention to the plight of artists in the pandemic with a very special campaign. - Veranstaltungen unterliegen in Deutschland wegen Corona noch immer vielen Auflagen und Beschränkungen. Für Musiker bedeutet das nicht selten: Ein Konzert kann zum Verlustgeschäft werden. Darum leiden Künstler und Musiker noch immer stark unter den Folgen der Pandemie. Die Pianisten Andreas Güstel und Julian Eilenberger treten normalerweise unter dem Namen "Be-Flügelt" zusammen auf. In den vergangenen Wochen haben die beiden aber mit einer ganz besonderen Aktion auf die Not von Künstlern in der Pandemie aufmerksam gemacht.

Today on the train we are discussing changelings. Who are they...or maybe what are they? Where do they come from? What is their agenda? Well hopefully today we can clear up some of these questions for you...do you even care?  Changeling, in European folklore, are a deformed or imbecilic offspring of fairies or elves substituted by them secretly for a human infant. According to legend, the abducted human children are given to the devil or used to strengthen fairy stock. How do you make the faerie gene pool stronger? You steal human kids! Duh! The return of the original child may be effected by making the changeling laugh or by torturing it; this latter belief was responsible for numerous cases of actual child abuse. The existence of changelings is believed to stem from the idea that infants are susceptible to demonic possession. In the Medieval Chronicles, by Ralph of Coggeshall, and in other sources, the fairies are said expressly to prey upon unbaptized children.   Most stories about changelings describe them as looking like ugly, little old men. Obviously, this can make distinguishing them from your average baby difficult. I’m sure you love your own kid, but let’s be honest. Most babies are horrifyingly strange looking when they are born. Now imagine if they fail to gain weight because of poverty or a condition the parents aren’t aware of. Other descriptions include babies with abnormally sized body parts or facial features. Basically, any defect could be a sign that a fairy took your baby. Though in other cases, a changeling baby does resemble a human child, but only slightly off. Maybe their eyes contain the wisdom of millennia. Or they seem quieter than they were when firstborn. But if they are alive and getting into mischief, it is still better than the alternative. Sometimes the changeling is said to be a pile of sticks magically made to appear as the mirror-image of the stolen child. The mirage sickens before quickly dying. The parents unknowingly bury the sticks, never knowing their true child was missing. n Irish legend, a fairy child may appear sickly and won't grow in size like a normal child, and may have notable physical characteristics such as a beard or long teeth. They may also display intelligence far beyond their apparent years, as well as possess uncanny insight. A common way that a changeling could identify itself is through displaying unusual behaviour when it thinks it's alone, such as jumping about, dancing or playing an instrument — though this last example is found only within Irish and Scottish legend. So far it kinda looks like we might be changelings… beards and music instruments...also I have uncanny eyesight and Moody likes to dance when he thinks no one is around. "A human child might be taken due to many factors: to act as a servant, the love of a human child, or malice. Most often it was thought that fairies exchanged the children. In rare cases, the very elderly of the fairy people would be exchanged in the place of a human baby, so that the old fairy could live in comfort, being coddled by its human parents. Simple charms such as an inverted coat or open iron scissors left where the child sleeps, were thought to ward them off; other measures included a constant watch over the child." L. Ashliman points out in his essay 'Changelings' that changeling tales illustrate an aspect of family survival in pre-industrial Europe. A peasant family's subsistence frequently depended upon the productive labour of each member, and it was difficult to provide for a person who was a permanent drain on the family's scarce resources. "The fact that the changelings' ravenous appetite is so frequently mentioned indicates that the parents of these unfortunate children saw in their continuing existence a threat to the sustenance of the entire family. Changeling tales support other historical evidence in suggesting that infanticide was frequently the solution selected." Fairies would also take adult humans, especially the newly married and new mothers; young adults were taken to marry fairies instead while new mothers were often taken to nurse fairy babies. Often when an adult was taken instead of a child an object such as a log was left in place of the stolen human, enchanted to look like the person.[5] This object in place of the human would seem to sicken and die, to be buried by the human family, while the living human was among the fairies. Bridget Cleary is one of the most well known cases of an adult thought to be a changeling by her family; her husband killed her attempting to force the fairies to return his 'real' wife.   The interesting thing about changelings is that there are tales of changelings in many different cultures and their folklores. Let's check out some of these different versions of changelings throughout folklore.   First up we have Mên-an-Tol. Mên-an-Tol is a small formation of standing stones in Cornwall UK. In Cornish the name means “the stone of the hole”, why call it that you ask...well the main stone is basically a stone donut. Only one other example of a holed stone exists in the county: the Tolvan Stone near Gweek. The other three stones are more regular granite pillars commonly used in stone circles, with one dressed flat side. There is speculation that these were simply four of the stones of an ancient circle, further large stones having been discovered lying just below the ground nearby. The local moniker the 'Crick Stone' alludes to its alleged ability to aid those with back pain and children suffering from rickets and tuberculosis.  This cute little stone formation is thought to be from the late neolithic to early bronze age. Now you may be asking yourselves what this thing has to do with changelings, well, we are gonna tell ya.  So according to local legend, a woman had a child that was supposedly replaced with a changeling by pixies. The woman did not know what to do. Under the suggestion of some locals, she took the child to the stone and passed him through 9 times. 9 seems to be the magic number here, as for the curing of rickets and tuberculosis, children were passed through the hole naked nine times.  After the woman passed the changeling through the stone it allegedly cured the child of the changeling issues. Ok so its not much but fuck it, its a relatable changeling story.    GERMAN FOLKLORE According to Karl Haupt in the book The Legend Book of Lausitz, A child must always have someone nearby until it is six weeks old. Otherwise, an old woman from the woods or the mountains could come and exchange a physically and mentally retarded, malformed changeling for the infant. At the very least, one must place a hymnbook near the child's head before leaving the room. However, if--through negligence--the misfortune does occur, you should take prompt notice of it. Then you need only make a switch from the branches of a weeping birch tree and beat the changeling severely with it. The old woman will respond to his cries by bringing back the exchanged child and taking the beastly child away. You must allow her to depart unhindered, neither scolding nor cursing her, otherwise you will be left with the changeling hanging on your neck. Wow. This is one of the descriptions that have actually led to cases of child abuse as stated at the beginning of the episode. There are many tales of changelings in german folklore. The belief in changelings was strong and widespread. These beliefs continued to exert influence well into the nineteenth century, and in some areas even later. As late as 1924 it was reported that in sections of rural Germany many people were still taking traditional precautions against the demonic exchange of infants. The Germans had some precautions to help aid in the combating of changelings being swapped out for human children. Here are some according to Jacob Grimm from the book Deutsche Mythologie:    Placing a key next to an infant will prevent him from being exchanged. Women may never be left alone during the first six weeks following childbirth, for the devil then has more power over them. During the first six weeks following childbirth, mothers may not go to sleep until someone has come to watch the child. If mothers are overcome by sleep, changelings are often laid in the cradle. To prevent this one should lay a pair of men's pants over the cradle. Whenever the mother leaves the infant's room she should lay an article of the father's clothing on the child, so that it cannot be exchanged     In the town of Altmark they believe in what are sometimes called dickkopfe or thick heads. In the area itself they are usually referred to as “the underground People”. The underground people are dwarves. They have names like sleepy, grumpy, and dopey. According to J. D. H. Temme in his book Folk Legends from Altmark, to prevent the underground spirits from exchanging a newborn child, it must be continuously watched until it is baptized. For this reason the baptism takes place as soon as possible. Dwarfs are often called "the underground people." They live beneath the earth and would like nothing more than to have beautiful, well-formed human children. They will steal newborns, leaving their own malformed children, called changelings, in their place. Therefore there is always a great rush to have the child baptized, and until this happens the mother and child will not be left alone for even an instant. Furthermore, until then there must always be a burning light near them, even in broad daylight, because the underground people are afraid of light.   A child must carefully and continuously be protected against exchange by the underground people until it is baptized. Therefore the so-called "word of God," a leaf from the Bible from a hymnbook, is either wrapped up with the child in its blanket or laid in its cradle.   Here's a few stories of changelings in different parts of Germany:     The Changeling of Spornitz (Source: Karl Bartsch, Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Meklenburg) A young peasant woman in Spornitz had her child stolen by an underground person or a Mönk, and a changeling put in its place in the cradle. The mother saw it happen, but she could neither move nor call out. The maniken told her that her son would someday become the king of the underground people. From time to time they had to exchange one of their king's children for a human child so that earthly beauty would not entirely die out among them. She was told to take good care of the little dwarf prince, and her house would be blessed with good fortune. With that the Mönk laid the changeling on her breast and disappeared with her child. She took care of the child, and the prosperity of her household increased visibly. However, the changeling remained small and ugly, and died in his twentieth year.   Mecklenburg Changelings Source: Karl Bartsch, Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Meklenburg (Vienna, Wilhelm Braumüller, 1879), vol. 1, p. 62. Bartsch's source for this legend is Pastor Dolberg from Hinrichshagen. In Rövershagen the underground people once exchanged a woman's unbaptized child for one of their own. Following the advice of a wise man, she laid the underground people's child on the chopping block as though she were going to kill it with an ax. The dwarf's child immediately disappeared, and her own child was returned.   The Changeling of Plau Source: Karl Bartsch, Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Meklenburg (Vienna, Wilhelm Braumüller, 1879), vol. 1, p. 42. A married couple in Plau had a child that after two years was still only as long as a shoe. It had an enormously large head and could not learn to talk. They shared their concern with an old man, who said: "For sure the underground people have exchanged your child. If you want to be certain about this, then take an empty eggshell and in the presence of the child pour fresh beer into it, then add yeast to make it ferment. If the child then starts to talk, then my suspicion is right." They followed this advice. The beer had scarcely begun to ferment when the child called out from its cradle: Now I am as old As Bohemian gold, But this is the first I've ever heard tell, Of beer being brewed in an eggshell. The dwarf's actual words, in the original Low German: Ik bün so olt as Böhmer Gold, doch dat seih ik taum irsten Mal, dat man Bier brugt in Eierschal. The parents determined that the very next night they would throw the child into the Elbe River. They arose after midnight and went to the cradle, where they discovered a strong and healthy child. The underground people had taken back their own child.   Up next...the changeling in Irish folklore…   In Ireland, the Faerie folk are always treated with respect, but many accusations are hurled at them as well, from making crops wither to milk turning sour. One of the most common accusations is that they steal humans and spirit them away to live in the Faerie realm, whilst leaving an unwanted faerie in their place, which becomes known as...you fucking know it...a changeling. Humans at risk of being taken are said to include handsome young men as they are taken to become lovers of the female Faeries. One theory why this happens is that the Faeries see humans as a stronger and healthier race and try to enhance their own bloodline by breeding with humans. Midwives and new mothers are also favoured by the Faeries because they can be made servants of the Faerie queens and easily tend to the Faerie children. It is said that Faerie women find childbirth very difficult and if the pregnancy even lasts until birth then the Faerie babies that survive are often deformed and stunted. Very occasionally, some people leave the mortal world to live in the Faerie realm by choice. They don’t usually stay in the Faerie realm for life and will return to their home after several years. Of course, none of them returns the same person after so long in the Faerie realm and often people will recognise that these people have ‘changed’ in some way. Traditionally, the person who returns will possess a ‘gift’ of some type and may be a master of herbal or magical knowledge. Humans most at risk of the Faeries are babies and young children. It is suggested that babies are taken as it is easier to integrate them into the Faerie community and there is less chance of them remembering their real parents. When they are taken, a Faerie child, disguised to look like the human child, is left in their place hence the name, ‘Changeling’. Although most Changelings don’t get to return to the Faerie realm, there have been tales of this happening and the Human child finally returned to its rightful family. The Faeries envy human babies as they tend to be happy, healthy, and sturdy beings. On occasion, they have been known to take a child because they simply believe it is not loved enough by its human parents or even take the child out of malice or spite, especially if someone from that family has disrespected someone from the Faerie Realm. One can never be too sure what a Faerie’s motive is. So how do the Irish recognize a changeling? Well let's find out! It is said that you can tell a Changeling baby by the fact that it is ill-tempered and looks wizened in appearance. Most will have very dark eyes and if you look into them you can see wisdom well beyond their age. A Changeling will also grow and develop a lot quicker than a human baby and within a few weeks the Changeling will have a full set of teeth and their legs and arms will be quite bony and thin. A changeling doesn’t always appear as a baby and occasionally the Faeries will leave a piece of enchanted wood called a ‘stock’ in the cradle instead. This stock will appear to grow sick and die right in front of the ‘parents’ eyes. The changelings’ new family will never have any good luck while the changeling resides in the family home as the changeling will drain the family of any good fortune that will come their way. A warning though to all those people who become parents to a changeling, it must be loved and cared for like it is your own if you ever want to have a chance of seeing your own child again. The unspoken threat is that if the changeling is harmed or abandoned in any way, the Faeries will treat your child just as badly or possibly even worse, a risk any parents would not be willing to take. However, don’t despair! There are certain methods one can use in the event of returning a Changeling from where it came from and ensuring the safe return of the child that has been taken. Below you will find some of the most traditional methods used. Trooping Faeries leave their barrow, (their home) several times a year. A direct swap is possible at this time although to be successful, specific spells and rituals need to be performed. A Faerie changeling is often weak and feeble so they must be nurtured and loved so that he/she becomes healthy and happy. When this occurs the Faerie parents usually decide that they want their natural child back and will switch them, themselves. This is probably the best and safest way to return a changeling to its proper parents as I really wouldn’t recommend the next method myself. In some areas in Ireland, Faeries are seen as demons. So because of this, the stolen person is not seen as kidnapped but possessed and it is believed that Faeries can be exorcised just like demons. The victim is beaten or tortured in the hope that life within the ‘host’ will become so unpleasant the Faerie be cast out. In Ireland, it is widely believed that the Faeries are terrified of fire and some alleged Changelings have been badly burned or even killed by the efforts of others in order to make the Faerie leave. If attempts at returning the changeling fail the unlucky ‘parents’ can expect the Changeling to grow up to be a snivelling, dim-witted person who will no longer be a changeling but will be known as an ‘oaf’. So if the Changeling becomes an oaf, what becomes of the human child living in the Faerie realm? Some are reported to pine and grieve so much for their loved ones in the mortal world that they wither and die. While others can adapt quite well and live happily within the Faerie realm enjoying a long life filled with cheerfulness, Irish music and Irish dancing.   You want stories? Here's a couple for ya. This is the story of Bridget Cleary. On March 15, 1895, Bridget Cleary, the 28-year-old wife of a copper, went missing from her cottage near Clonmel in County Tipperary. Days later her body was found in a shallow grave, burned to death by her husband and family members who suspected her of being possessed by a fairy. Cleary, believed to be 'the last witch burned in Ireland,' was the victim of dangerous superstitious beliefs. Her story has become part of Irish folklore, and her tragic tale has been immortalized in the children’s rhyme “Are you a witch or are you a fairy, Or are you the wife of Michael Cleary?” Books have been written about her and filmmakers are currently trying to raise funds to make a movie loosely based on her story. Cleary and her husband Michael were a well-off but childless couple. Bridget was a dressmaker who made additional independent income from keeping hens. According to accounts, she caught a cold that possibly developed into pneumonia, or she may have had tuberculosis. As her condition worsened, her husband and her uncle, Jack Dunne, began to circulate the story that Bridget had been taken by fairies and the woman in the bed was a changeling. According to Irishidentity.com, herbal cures were forced down her throat and she was held over the fire while being asked repeatedly if she was a changeling. Several family members assisted and neighbors were present the evening before her death as more tests were conducted on her. On March 15, 1895, her husband set fire to her nightgown and threw lamp-oil on her. “She’s not my wife,” he said. “You’ll soon see her go up the chimney.” Jack Dunne forced one of Bridget's brothers to carry her to a shallow grave. Some time afterward, it was reported to the local priest that Bridget had been burned to death by her husband and other family members. The priest went to the police who found her charred body and arrested nine people, including Bridget’s family members, neighbors, and friends, in connection with the murder. Michael Cleary served 15 years for the crime, after which he emigrated to Canada. According to the New York Times, the case was used as a weapon against Irish Home Rule, asking how could a people who still believed in fairies and spirits be trusted to govern themselves in the modern world? A REAL CHANGELING In a little village on the Cavan/Leitrim border, there lived a man who had disappeared and was said to have been taken by faeries. Miraculously he returned 10 years later out of the blue. While this story is said to be retold all the time even up to this, we could not find the details of this story anywhere, no names, no dates, no nothing. That being said … get your shit together people out there. POLISH/SLAVIC How do you get a one armed polish guy out of a tree? How many pollocks does it take to screw in a light bulb? Screen door on a submarine...you've heard them all, but have you heard about the changeling in Polish folklore? Doubt it, but that is why we are here. To inform you on the coolest shit around...like the Dziwozona. Also known as the Mamuna or Boginka,  they were thought to be the spirits of a girl who died in childhood or women who killed their child (oddly connected), but they could also be women who died during pregnancy or women who had a child out of wedlock. Basically, the demon was often meant to represent things that were considered bad for women and represented an unnatural life or death. Depictions vary, but the most common description is that she’s an old hag with breasts so large she washes her clothes with them. Damn thats hot...anyway… Dziwożona was thought to appear during foul weather among the trees and swamps. Unlike many demons who would attack directly (though depictions of the boginka did include attacks), Dziwożona waited and observed mothers with their children. During this time she could make the children ill and would often come up with elaborate schemes to draw the mother away. She would then strike when the mother was gone, replacing the child with a changeling – the hag’s own child. Changelings were creatures that appear throughout Slavic myth. Demons would use them to replace the children they stole, but the changelings did not grow like normal humans. They had massive abdomens and small, disfigured heads. Which is different from the German myths if you remember from earlier as theirs had the big heads. They rarely slept, screaming into the night, and sometimes they even grew claws and jagged teeth. Almost all changelings died in childhood, but if they survived, they were little more than spiteful, mumbling loners. It’s likely that changelings and the connection with Dziwożona were simply the early Slavs’ ways of understanding disabilities among children. Beyond it being a warning for mothers not to abandon their children, it was easier to explain away that a demon stole the child than to accept disabilities are a part of human life. It’s brutal but unfortunately was common among early cultures. There were ways to protect your child against the Dziwożona, though. Parents would tie a red ribbon around the baby’s hand (a tradition still continued today in some Slavic countries) and also give the child a red cap to wear, protecting their face from the moon.   SCANDINAVIAN The folk belief regarding the interchanging of children by the subterraneans is prevalent and old – in Norse times, the changeling was called vixlingr and skiptingr – and was most likely founded on the physical fact that a seemingly healthy and normal child could change drastically over a short period of time, and develop abnormal features. The portrayals often include the child having a big head, yellow and sallow complexion, "old man's face", bulging eyes, long hands and short feet and pointy teeth. Being "hungry as a watchdog," crying day and night, the changeling was described as a obstinate and imbecile being, and a slow learner, whether it came to walking, reading or talking. Contemporary medicine would most likely recognize symptoms of jaundice, rickets, atrophy (muscle wasting) and other defects caused by heredity and malnutrition. But for people without this medical knowledge, the "healing" simply consisted in getting rid of the changeling as soon as possible, in order to get the “rightful'' child in return. The treatment performed to attain such, was nothing less than horrible; among the many tricks in the book were to pretend to throw the child in the oven, pinch his nose with red-hot irons, and whipping him naked on a pile of garbage three Thursday evenings in a row. The idea was of course to frighten and abuse the poor creature to such a degree that the child’s “real” mother would feel sorry for him and reverse the switch.   The legends recounting stories about elderly changelings prove however that this procedure was far from effective. At worst, they could be hundreds of years old, it was said. But it was never too late to get them out of the house. You could just lure them to talk and reluctantly divulge their age, they were exposed and made ready to die. The more outrageous the attempts were, the greater was the chance to fool them.   A legend from Southern Norway, tells the story of an elderly changeling; the household put forward for him a huge pot of just a tiny bit of porridge in it, yet as many spoons as they could muster.   Then he said: "I'm older than the mountains, and as gray as a scythe, but never have I seen so great a barrel and so little food and so many spoons before!" Then they knew that he was a changeling.   On a farm in Eastern Norway they pretended to brew ale in an eggshell. But when the old man awoke and saw this, he burst out laughing:   "No, now I have been around for so long that I've seen the old forest burn down and grow up again seven times, but never have I seen anyone brew beer in an eggshell."   Then, someone asked. "Are you finished?"   "Yes, "replied the old man. At the blink of an eye he was gone, and there was only a crumbling bone remaining. " Norwegian poet Haldis Moren Vesaas (1907-1995) wrote a poem about the changeling that might be easier to relate to than the old legends. This poem however, speaks of loving your child no matter how tired you are. For the changeling and the sweet, gentle child is the same, but sometimes it feels as if your little angel has been replaced with a nasty, vicious troll that nobody likes. Wanna hear it? Well you’re gonna anyways cus its out fucking show! Rockabye rockabye big, ugly child, troll is your surname, no doubt. The hugest boiler is in use as we speak, no less, to silence your trout   The cradle you lie in will soon be too small, this hardship sure takes its toll You are heavy, so heavy, and the night is so long, for she who must cradle a troll   All that see you, give me advice, that I should torment you, kick and toss. Then they will come for you, and I can get back the long lost child I’ve lost   Rockabye changeling, big and foul Please, keep the fear at bay I will not hit you, trust me on that, and no one shall take you away   The other, the cutie, can stay where she is While you, who is hated so deep, needs me to love and care for you And look! Now you’ve fallen asleep   The tales vary from country to country and region to region in Scandinavian folklore. Scandinavian parents would often place an iron tool such as a pair of scissors or a knife on top of the cradle of an unbaptised infant to prevent its being abducted by the trolls. It was believed that if a human child were still taken, in spite of such measures, the parents could force the return of the child by treating the changeling cruelly, using methods such as whipping or even inserting it in a heated oven. In at least one case, a woman was taken to court for having killed her child in an oven. In Sweden, it is believed that a fire must be kept lit in the room housing a child before it is christened, and ,furthermore, that the water used to bathe the child should not be thrown out, since both of these precautions will prevent the child from being taken by trolls. In one Swedish tale, the human mother is advised to brutalize the changeling (bortbyting) so that the trolls will return her son, but she refuses, unable to mistreat an innocent child despite knowing its nature. When her husband demands she abandon the changeling, she refuses, and he leaves her – whereupon he meets their son in the forest, wandering free. The son explains that since his mother had never been cruel to the changeling, the troll mother had never been cruel to him, and when she sacrificed what was dearest to her, her husband, they had realized they had no power over her and released him.  SPAIN The next legend comes from Spain, more specifically Asturias. Asturias is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Their mythology contains tales of the Xana. The Xana is a beautiful fairy said to dwell wherever pure bodies of water flow, combing her long curly hair with a comb made of sun or moonbeams, using the water as a mirror. This bad fairy may also live in a cave, safeguarding her immense collection of ill-gained treasure. The Xana reminds us of sea nymphs and nixies, who also spend time near water using their beauty to lure humans. One of the key defining characteristics of the Xana is their thievery.  Many tales describe the Xana acquiring a plethora of earthly treasures, and many myths talk of young adventurers who unsuccessfully attempt to gain the treasure of the Xana. Tales of Xanas also often involve the kidnapping of a human child, replacing it with their own offspring (called Xaninos). The Xana will make this swap by entering a human home through a keyhole. They cannot care for the children themselves. They find themselves ill-equipped to feed their children, due to their lack of lactation. So instead of dooming their own child to the fate of starvation, they take a human child from their cradle and replace it with their own fairy child. This behavior is reminiscent of changelings in other cultures. Eventually, the human mother will realize that their child has been replaced.  WALES “Tylwyth Teg,” (Welsh fairies) or “Fair folk” were thought to have sought-after human babies and would steal them whenever they could, swapping them with a poor weak substitute of fairy descent. The new fairy baby displayed crabbiness and ugliness which would be visible. The distraught families, upon suspecting their child to have been “swapped” would seek the most horrific solutions to the problem, often employing a “fairy doctor” to diagnose the child as a fairy using various torturous methods which would lead to the death of the poor child. Some practices involved burning the child with hot coals, holding them over a fire or boiling water, leaving them exposed to the elements, or drowning them in the belief that the fairies would rush to save their own and give back the “real” child. Such was superstition and so intense was the fear of the fair folk, this practice was sadly common and widespread. Unchristened children were thought to be most at risk as were girls and twins. In all households, there were routine precautions aimed to prevent child theft. A prevalent one involved putting fire tongs over a cradle, because of the fairies’ well-known antipathy to iron. In the parish of Trefeglwys, near Llanidloes, Montgomery, a little shepherd’s cottage dubbed the Place of Strife, on account of the trouble recorded there. A couple that once resided there had twins, when they were a few months old the wife went to the house of neighbors, leaving both babies alone. When she returned, she saw the “blue petticoats of the old elves'' fleeing from her home. Hurrying indoors, she found her house as she had left it and was relieved. However, as the weeks rolled by, she noticed her twins' growth seems stunted. Her husband accused them of not being his, and it caused a huge rift between them. A local wise man gave this advice. He told her that when she was preparing dinner for the harvesters, in sight of the twins she was to empty the shell of an egg and fill it with pottage. Then carry it out to the workers as if meant to feed them all. But he told her to listen to what the twins say to each other about this strange behavior. If they discuss it in ways that children should not understand, then she should take them both to the river Llyn Ebyr and throw them both in. She did as she was told and heard the twins say; ACORNS BEFORE OAK I KNEW; AN EGG BEFORE A HEN; NEVER ONE HEN’S EGG-SHELL STEW ENOUGH FOR HARVESTMEN! On hearing this, the mother took the two children and threw them into the Llyn, and sure enough, saw goblins in their blue trousers come to save their dwarfs. The mother had her own children back again, and all was well once more. In Wirt Sykes book British Goblins, Welsh Folklore, he writes that a Dazzy Walter, the wife of Abel Walter, of Ebwy Fawr, one night in her husband’s absence awoke in her bed and found her baby had gone. Terrified, she searched around her bed for it and grabbed it with her hand above the bed, which was as far as the fairies had managed to carry it. And a woman called Jennet Francis, of that same valley of Ebwy Fawr, said that one night in bed she felt her infant son being taken from her arms; after that, she screamed and hung on, and, as she phrased it, ‘God and me were too hard for them.’ This son later grew up and became a famous preacher of the gospel. The Llanover estate when run by Lady Llanover in the 19th century was rife with rumours of the fairies amongst the gardeners who worked there. Several accounts were recorded, and it was said that Twlyth Teg would change children in the area. One family who would regularly leave out offerings of bread and milk for the Fae had a son who decided it was funny to replace the bowl of milk with urine. On finding it, the angry fairies threw the contents around the room and placed a curse as punishment that there would always be a fool – an idiot who would never prosper in his family. Sure enough one of his own children in later years turned out to be one and this continued in every generation since. A woman by the name of Nani Fach was also said to be the offspring of the fairies as she was presumably “different.” House staff of Lady Llanover would throw crumbs of bread on the floor before going to bed at night as offerings to the fairies such was their fear of them. Well… Wales seems to have a bit of a changeling problem...and a lot of funny names of places.  So those are some of the myths of changelings from various cultures. While there are some differences most seem to have the same basic principles. You see many of the same stories repeated through the various myths. They may have different wording or phrasing due to the region or culture but they are the same. There were a couple  recorded stories of deaths due to people thinking that someone was a changeling. We discussed the story of Bridget Cleary earlier but there was another tragic incident that involved a child. Michael Laehy was only four when he died. Anne Roche, an old woman of very advanced age, was indicted for the murder of Michael Leahy, a young child, by drowning him in the Flesk. This case, which at first assumed a very serious aspect, from the meaning imputed to the words spoken by the prisoner, that the sin of the child’s death was on the grand-mother, and not on the prisoner, turned out to be a homicide, committed under the delusion of the grossest superstition. The child, though four years old, could neither stand, walk, or speak – it was thought to be fairy struck – and the grandmother ordered the prisoner and one of the witnesses, Mary Clifford, to bathe the child every morning in the pool of the river Flesk, where the boundaries of three farms meet; they had so bathed it for three mornings running, and on the last morning the prisoner kept the child longer under the water than usual, when her companion (the witness, Mary Clifford) said to the prisoner, ‘how can you hope ever to see God after this?’ to which the prisoner replied, that ‘the sin was on the grand-mother, and not on her.’ Upon cross-examination, the witness said it was not done with intent to kill the child, but to cure it – to put the Fairy out of it. On her being charged by the policeman who apprehended here with drowning the child, she said it did not matter if it had died four years ago. Baron Pennefather said, thought it was a case of suspicion, and required to be thoroughly examined into, yet the jury would not be safe in convicting the prisoner of murder, however strong their suspicions might be. Verdict: not guilty. Author Robert Curran says that the verdict is suggestive of the depth of belief in changelings in the community. There were several similar cases in rural Ireland in the 19th century. The reality behind many changeling legends was often the birth of deformed or developmentally disabled children. Among the diseases or disabilities with symptoms that match the description of changelings in various legends are spina bifida, cystic fibrosis, PKU, progeria, Down syndrome, homocystinuria, Williams syndrome, Hurler syndrome, Hunter syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, Prader-Willi Syndrome, and cerebral palsy. The greater incidence of birth defects in boys correlates to the belief that male infants were more likely to be taken. Psychologist Stuart Vyse writes that modern parents have higher expectations of childbirth and when "children don't meet these expectations, parents sometimes find a different demon to blame." A condition known as regressive autism, where children appear to develop normally in their early years and then start to show symptoms of autism, can also be compared to marks of a changeling child. As noted, it has been hypothesized that the changeling legend may have developed, or at least been used, to explain the peculiarities of children who did not develop normally, probably including all sorts of developmental delays and abnormalities. In particular, it has been suggested that autistic children would be likely to be labeled as changelings or elf-children due to their strange, sometimes inexplicable behavior. For example, this association might explain why fairies are often described as having an obsessive impulse to count things like handfuls of spilled seeds. This has found a place in autistic culture. Some autistic adults have come to identify with changelings (or other replacements, such as aliens) for this reason, as well as their own feelings of being in a world where they do not belong and of practically not being the same species as the other people around them. (Compare the pseudoscientific New Age concept of indigo children.)   So like a lot of things the changeling myth may be chalked up to nothing more than people just not understanding and knowing about deformities, birth defects, and mental illness. Interesting nonetheless!    Top movies involving changelings...there's one that doesn't make sense...but here we go https://www.imdb.com/search/keyword/?keywords=changeling&ref_=kw_ref_typ&sort=user_rating,desc&mode=detail&page=1&title_type=movie   Ace’s Depot http://www.aces-depot.com   BECOME A PRODUCER! http://www.patreon.com/themidnighttrainpodcast   Find The Midnight Train Podcast: www.themidnighttrainpodcast.com www.facebook.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.twitter.com/themidnighttrainpc www.instagram.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.discord.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.tiktok.com/themidnighttrainp   And wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts.   Subscribe to our official YouTube channel: OUR YOUTUBE                                              

Full disclosure, we do get to the Dresden sprints, we swear, but it takes a few minutes in this episode.On a day when Devon's began his 39th trip around the sun -  it was his birthday on December 20th - the discourse shimmied to a full spectrum of topics - most of which directly tie into sliding on snow. (For the most part.) There's the chat about backcountry skiing and the lovely video edits from Norwegian big-mountain ski phenom Nikolai Schirmer. Devon has lost some time to the wormhole that is Schirmer's video series documenting his ascents and descents in Norway's Lyngen Alps. (Honestly, if you are looking for an escape, this could be a good indoor choice.)In this episode, we also devaite and talk spicy food in Norway, and, by his own admission, Devon's relative intolerance for serious spiciness. And yes, there is talk of the weekend's sprinting in Dresden, Germany. The World Cup appears to have pulled it off, a no-fans city-sprint affair along the Elbe River in what was a sunny and spring-like Dresden. The U.S. men placed four skiers in the top-15 with Simi Hamilton in  fifth, Kevin Bolger in sixth, Logan Hanneman in 12th, and JC Schoonmaker in 14th. A very good day at the sprint office. Caldwell Hamilton and Jessie Diggins went second and fourth, respectively, for the U.S. women, with Julia Kern in 12th, and Hannah Halvorsen earning her first World Cup points in 23rd. Have a good holiday season.  

Philip Gambone, a gay man, never told his father the reason why he was rejected from the draft during the Vietnam War. In turn, his father never talked about his participation in World War II. Father and son were enigmas to each other. Gambone, an award-winning novelist and non-fiction writer, spent seven years uncovering who the man his quiet, taciturn father had been, by retracing his father's journey through WW II. As Far As I Can Tell not only reconstructs what Gambone’s father endured, it also chronicles his own emotional odyssey as he followed his father’s route from Liverpool to the Elbe River. A journey that challenged the author’s thinking about war, about European history, and about “civilization." Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/houseofmysteryradio. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Philip Gambone, a gay man, never told his father the reason why he was rejected from the draft during the Vietnam War. In turn, his father never talked about his participation in World War II. Father and son were enigmas to each other. Gambone, an award-winning novelist and non-fiction writer, spent seven years uncovering who the man his quiet, taciturn father had been, by retracing his father's journey through WW II. As Far As I Can Tell not only reconstructs what Gambone’s father endured, it also chronicles his own emotional odyssey as he followed his father’s route from Liverpool to the Elbe River. A journey that challenged the author’s thinking about war, about European history, and about “civilization." Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/houseofmysteryradio. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Don't miss the conclusion of our three-part conversation with our guest for Episode 14, D-Day Veteran Bill Parker. Part of the 116th Regiment, 29th Division, Mr. Parker landed with the first wave on Omaha Beach, D-Day, June 6, 1944. He was possibly the first Allied soldier to set foot on Omaha Beach. Although there is no way to historically verify who took the first step on Omaha Beach, Mr. Parker was definitely among the earliest men to land on that fateful day. Part of a wire-breaching team, he was the first man to step into the water when the ramp dropped on his Higgins boat. When asked why he believes he could be the first man to land on Omaha Beach, he says very candidly, ‘because there were no other people or bodies on the beach in front of us.’ As Mr. Parker and four other men (his wire breaching team) stepped off the Higgins Boat, an artillery round struck the boat, killing the remaining 33 men onboard. Mr. Parker takes us through his harrowing ordeal on Omaha Beach that day, as his team breached wire obstacles using Bangalore torpedoes, then eventually assaulted a pill box along the bluff, expending all of their ammunition as a result. Within a matter of days, Mr. Parker was promoted from private to staff sergeant, due to heavy losses sustained in his company. He led a squad through the hedgerows, conducting attack-after-attack. Following the breakout, Mr. Parker continued fighting throughout Europe, liberating town-after-town, and eventually reaching the Elbe River. He actually crossed the Elbe to retrieve one of his soldiers, and spent some time with the Russians as a result. Today, Mr. Parker resides in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he has lived for the majority of his life. Episode 14 will consist of three parts. 14A focuses on Mr. Parker’s upbringing, Army training, and travel to Europe. 14B focuses on D-Day, Normandy, and his incredible journey through Europe to the Elbe River. 14C concludes Mr. Parkers military service, then discusses his life after the military, as well as several life lessons that he details for all of us.Thank you, Shreyas Ganesh, for donating your time as sound engineer for this podcast.

Walk Among Heroes is honored to welcome Mr. Bill Parker as our guest for Episode 14. Part of the 116th Regiment, 29th Division, Mr. Parker landed with the first wave on Omaha Beach, D-Day, June 6, 1944. He was possibly the first Allied soldier to set foot on Omaha Beach. Although there is no way to historically verify who took the first step on Omaha Beach, Mr. Parker was definitely among the earliest men to land on that fateful day. Part of a wire-breaching team, he was the first man to step into the water when the ramp dropped on his Higgins boat. When asked why he believes he could be the first man to land on Omaha Beach, he says very candidly, ‘because there were no other people or bodies on the beach in front of us.’ As Mr. Parker and four other men (his wire breaching team) stepped off the Higgins Boat, an artillery round struck the boat, killing the remaining 33 men onboard. Mr. Parker takes us through his harrowing ordeal on Omaha Beach that day, as his team breached wire obstacles using Bangalore torpedoes, then eventually assaulted a pill box along the bluff, expending all of their ammunition as a result. Within a matter of days, Mr. Parker was promoted from private to staff sergeant, due to heavy losses sustained in his company. He led a squad through the hedgerows, conducting attack-after-attack. Following the breakout, Mr. Parker continued fighting throughout Europe, liberating town-after-town, and eventually reaching the Elbe River. He actually crossed the Elbe to retrieve one of his soldiers, and spent some time with the Russians as a result. Today, Mr. Parker resides in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he has lived for the majority of his life. Episode 14 will consist of three parts. 14A focuses on Mr. Parker’s upbringing, Army training, and travel to Europe. 14B focuses on D-Day, Normandy, and his incredible journey through Europe to the Elbe River. 14C concludes Mr. Parkers military service, then discusses his life after the military, as well as several life lessons that he details for all of us.Thank you, Shreyas Ganesh, for donating your time as sound engineer for this podcast.

Walk Among Heroes is honored to welcome Mr. Bill Parker as our guest for Episode 14. Part of the 116th Regiment, 29th Division, Mr. Parker landed with the first wave on Omaha Beach, D-Day, June 6, 1944. He was possibly the first Allied soldier to set foot on Omaha Beach. Although there is no way to historically verify who took the first step on Omaha Beach, Mr. Parker was definitely among the earliest men to land on that fateful day. Part of a wire-breaching team, he was the first man to step into the water when the ramp dropped on his Higgins boat. When asked why he believes he could be the first man to land on Omaha Beach, he says very candidly, ‘because there were no other people or bodies on the beach in front of us.’ As Mr. Parker and four other men (his wire breaching team) stepped off the Higgins Boat, an artillery round struck the boat, killing the remaining 33 men onboard. Mr. Parker takes us through his harrowing ordeal on Omaha Beach that day, as his team breached wire obstacles using Bangalore torpedoes, then eventually assaulted a pill box along the bluff, expending all of their ammunition as a result. Within a matter of days, Mr. Parker was promoted from private to staff sergeant, due to heavy losses sustained in his company. He led a squad through the hedgerows, conducting attack-after-attack. Following the breakout, Mr. Parker continued fighting throughout Europe, liberating town-after-town, and eventually reaching the Elbe River. He actually crossed the Elbe to retrieve one of his soldiers, and spent some time with the Russians as a result. Today, Mr. Parker resides in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he has lived for the majority of his life. Episode 14 will consist of three parts. 14A focuses on Mr. Parker’s upbringing, Army training and travel to Europe. 14B focuses on D-Day, Normandy, and his incredible journey of fighting through Europe, all the way to the Elbe River. 14C concludes Mr. Parkers military service, then discusses his life after the military, as well as several life lessons that he details for all of us. Thank you, Shreyas Ganesh, for donating your time as sound engineer for this podcast.

Today we visit an underrated spot in the south side of the Elbe, the Niedersachsen side! Come for a full description of the river and all the animals that live around

We are proud to welcome Reid Clanton as our guest for episode five. Currently a resident of San Antonio, Texas, Mr. Clanton was raised in West Texas, where he grew up on a farm in a very poor household, common during the Great Depression. Mr. Clanton was asked to leave home at age eleven, as his parents could no longer afford to take care of him. With only a fourth grade education under his belt, he was hired by a local farmer and was eventually drafted into the U.S. Army. Mr. Clanton was assigned to the 84th Infantry Division (Railsplitters) and soon deployed to Europe. Mr. Clanton landed on Omaha Beach, France and fought through Belgium and Germany, before eventually reaching the Elbe River, where General Eisenhower halted the Allied advance to allow the Russians to enter Berlin. Mr. Clanton fought along the Siegfried Line, where his division punched through the stout defensive line. When Germany attacked during the Battle of the Bulge, Mr. Clanton’s division was forced to travel overnight to Marche, and after brutal fighting, stopped the advancing German forces and kept the Allied lines from totally collapsing. Following victory in Marche, the 84th Division resumed its’ advance crossing the Roer and Rhine rivers, eventually reaching the Elbe.Episode five will consist of two parts. Part two will focus on Mr. Clanton’s journey across Europe, fighting from Omaha Beach to the Elbe River in Germany. Thank you, Shreyas Ganesh, for volunteering your time as sound engineer to make this podcast happen!

We are proud to welcome Reid Clanton as our guest for episode five. Currently a resident of San Antonio, Texas, Mr. Clanton was raised in West Texas, where he grew up on a farm in a very poor household, common during the Great Depression. Mr. Clanton was asked to leave home at age eleven, as his parents could no longer afford to take care of him. With only a fourth grade education under his belt, he was hired by a local farmer and was eventually drafted into the U.S. Army. Mr. Clanton was assigned to the 84th Infantry Division (Railsplitters) and soon deployed to Europe. Mr. Clanton landed on Omaha Beach, France and fought through Belgium and Germany, before eventually reaching the Elbe River, where General Eisenhower halted the Allied advance to allow the Russians to enter Berlin. Mr. Clanton fought along the Siegfried Line, where his division punched through the stout defensive line. When Germany attacked during the Battle of the Bulge, Mr. Clanton’s division was forced to travel overnight to Marche, and after brutal fighting, stopped the advancing German forces and kept the Allied lines from totally collapsing. Following victory in Marche, the 84th Division resumed its’ advance crossing the Roer and Rhine rivers, eventually reaching the Elbe.Episode five will consist of two parts. Part one will include Mr. Clanton’s childhood, growing up during the Great Depression, leaving home at age eleven, joining the Army, training, and several combat stories. Part two will focus on Mr. Clanton’s journey across Europe, fighting from Omaha Beach to the Elbe River in Germany. Thank you, Shreyas Ganesh, for volunteering your time as sound engineer to make this podcast happen!

Max Planck was in a bad way. The German physicist was the leader in the field of quantum theory – understanding the universe on the tiniest of scales. As World War II in Europe ground to its end, though, the 87-year-old scientist and his wife were hiding in a one-room farmhouse. Germany had surrendered, and desperate soldiers were scavenging through the countryside. At the same time, the Soviet army was approaching from the east, killing or mistreating its prisoners. On the other side of the Elbe River from the farmhouse, an American soldier heard rumors that Planck was close by. Gerard Kuiper was a researcher with the McDonald and Yerkes observatories. As part of his wartime duties, he’d taught celestial navigation and worked on radar. Posted to Europe, he was part of a team that assessed the progress of Germany’s atom-bomb effort. 75 years ago today, Kuiper commandeered a Jeep and a couple of troops and headed across the Elbe, where the American advance had stopped. Kuiper found Planck and his wife at the farmhouse. They hopped in the Jeep and dodged Russian patrols – an excruciating journey for Planck, who suffered severe back pain. They returned to the American lines safely. Planck was taken to a hospital, where he recovered enough to resume his research. Kuiper returned to the U.S., and spent 10 years as director of McDonald and Yerkes – after his rescue of one of the giants of 20th-century science.   Script by Damond Benningfield

On the last weeks of April, 1945 American forces had reached the Elbe River which lied only miles outside of Berlin. Alongside the river Americans ran into the Soviets Red Army who proceeded into the city of Berlin. General Eisenhower held the American Army back and allowed the Soviets to fight the battle of Berlin because he didn't want to suffer thousands of more casualties.

On the last weeks of April, 1945 American forces had reached the Elbe River which lied only miles outside of Berlin. Alongside the river Americans ran into the Soviets Red Army who proceeded into the city of Berlin. General Eisenhower held the American Army back and allowed the Soviets to fight the battle of Berlin because he didn't want to suffer thousands of more casualties.

Bill Collins is President of Cascadia Seaweed. He has lived in four countries and been on most continents. He has been involved in scientific expeditions in oceans around the world and sold products into more than 40 countries, including 17 navies. Bill has authored more than 60 publications and given presentations on topics ranging from Grand Banks sediments to dredging in the Elbe River, Germany to Big Data. As part of a trio of owners in a high-tech manufacturing firm, he has products in 18 of the major passenger rail authorities in North America, taking an award-winning business from $3M net worth to over $30M.

Carolan Carey has been called “The Psychic Medium of Sarasota” or “SRQ” to all you jet-setters! After doing phone readings from New York to Vietnam – Carolan’s clients refer to her as “that psychic from Sarasota”. Carolan is a platform medium demonstrating her spirit connection at many area venues. She will be giving short readings to her listeners as well as inviting exciting professionals from all over the world to have a candid conversation about medium-ship, the psychic arts, the paranormal and your well-being.http://www.carolancarey.com“In honor of June 6th, the 75th Anniversary of D-Day, I want to acknowledge a Spirit Special Guest! This young man, Charles Roberts Braithwaite, was an RAF flight sergeant who was lost during WWII over the Elbe River. I would like to tell his story. Charles came to me in spirit more than once to let me know his remains and that of the whole crew and plane were never found. To honor their service I would like to tell their story.” ~ CarolanAfter the ‘Spirit Interview’ Carolan will answer the callers’ psychic medium questions.

Suzanne Stavert is redefining what it means to be an “empty nester.” Five years ago, after her children had graduated into their adult lives, Suzanne began exploring rather than settling into a quiet mid-life. She created her travel and lifestyle blog AdventuresofEmptyNesters.com to share stories, inspiration, eclectic food and to showcase hidden gems around the world. With curiosity and a desire to connect with other adventurous spirits, she has said “Yes!” to ideas that many people think are impossible – and it has brought her to places beyond her own imagination. Today she collaborates with cutting edge travel and tourism brands, sharing her signature enthusiasm and eye-catching photography to inspire others to plan their own adventures. Last year, Suzanne partnered with Collette Travel on the Cultural Treasures of Japan Tour, China Southern Airlines and Tourism Authority of Thailand, and last summer she took an unusual & fantastic journey to Italy and Spain, finishing with a hosted Viking Cruise down the Elbe River from Berlin to Prague. Suzanne and her husband Craig live in sunny Southern California with their rescue pup Rocco. In this interview, Kim asks Suzanne: What have been some memorable trips and why? What do you get out of traveling? How important is one's health when it comes to travel? What have you learned about yourself through traveling? Any tips for women who want to travel more but don't have the time or means? To learn more about Suzanne, visit her website: https://www.adventuresofemptynesters.com/

Saxony, the third-smallest German wine region, is primarily located along the banks of the Elbe River. It is also one of only two German wine regions located within the boundaries of the former East Germany. Officially located within the German federal state of Saxony, this wine region is sometimes referred to as “the Elbe Valley.” ***Subscribe to our Channels for more: *** ► YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/BEVERAGETRADENETWORK ► iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bevcast/ ► Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=233919&refid=stpr

Download MP3 今回の「異文化ディスカッション」は特別編として、日本人学生から見たヨーロッパ留学について話してもらいます。ゲストに招いたのは、ドイツに留学経験のあるユリコと、フィンランドに留学経験のあるタクヤです。第１回目の話題は「ドイツとフィンランド」。 聞き手：Joe Lauer（広島大学外国語教育研究センタ―） ＊エントリーの「スクリプトを見る」をクリックすると、番組内で使われている表現を見ることができます（スクリプトは表示されません）。Germany and Finland: In the eyes of two Japanese citizens academic = 学術的な master’s = 修士の a junior = a third-year student innovative = 革新的な Finnish = related to the culture and language of Finland. (Note: The spelling is different from “to finish”) to integrate = to combine a subject = 科目 to eliminate = to get rid of a border = 国境 Hamburg = The second largest city in Germany, famous for industry and other things. (Note: the spelling and pronunciation are different from “a hamburger”) depressing = makes a person sad reserved = quiet, not outgoing, 控えめな to figure out = to think about and finally understand refreshing = 爽やかな to pay a deposit = 補償金を払う rye bread = ライ麦（製の黒）パン to get frostbite = 凍傷にかかる skeptical = doubting, 懐疑的な Helsinki = the capital of Finland, with a population similar to that of Hiroshima a cathedral = a large church Marimekko = a brand of Finnish clothing and home furnishings Lapland = the northern part of Finland and Sweden a harbor = a port HafenCity = a part of Hamburg, near the Elbe River. Part of HafenCity is a World Heritage Site. a brick = レンガ Jyväskylä = a city with one of the largest colleges in Finland. The University of Jyväskylä has about 15,000 students, and it is especially known for teacher training. We hope to all see you there = We hope to see all of you there (Note: This expression is common in conversation)

Download MP3 今回の「異文化ディスカッション」は特別編として、日本人学生から見たヨーロッパ留学について話してもらいます。ゲストに招いたのは、ドイツに留学経験のあるユリコと、フィンランドに留学経験のあるタクヤです。第１回目の話題は「ドイツとフィンランド」。 聞き手：Joe Lauer（広島大学外国語教育研究センタ―） ＊エントリーの「スクリプトを見る」をクリックすると、番組内で使われている表現を見ることができます（スクリプトは表示されません）。Germany and Finland: In the eyes of two Japanese citizens academic = 学術的な master’s = 修士の a junior = a third-year student innovative = 革新的な Finnish = related to the culture and language of Finland. (Note: The spelling is different from “to finish”) to integrate = to combine a subject = 科目 to eliminate = to get rid of a border = 国境 Hamburg = The second largest city in Germany, famous for industry and other things. (Note: the spelling and pronunciation are different from “a hamburger”) depressing = makes a person sad reserved = quiet, not outgoing, 控えめな to figure out = to think about and finally understand refreshing = 爽やかな to pay a deposit = 補償金を払う rye bread = ライ麦（製の黒）パン to get frostbite = 凍傷にかかる skeptical = doubting, 懐疑的な Helsinki = the capital of Finland, with a population similar to that of Hiroshima a cathedral = a large church Marimekko = a brand of Finnish clothing and home furnishings Lapland = the northern part of Finland and Sweden a harbor = a port HafenCity = a part of Hamburg, near the Elbe River. Part of HafenCity is a World Heritage Site. a brick = レンガ Jyväskylä = a city with one of the largest colleges in Finland. The University of Jyväskylä has about 15,000 students, and it is especially known for teacher training. We hope to all see you there = We hope to see all of you there (Note: This expression is common in conversation)

Join Travel Brigade in Dresden, Germany, where we’ll witness the remarkable way this beautiful city has been rebuilt since World War II and the German reunification. We’ll walk through the Royal Palace and Zwinger, attend a concert in Frauenkirche and try traditional food and drinks at Sophienkeller. Enjoy the trip! Follow us on Twitter @TravelBrigade.

Travel expert Chris Owen returns to share his experience with Viking River Cruises on the Elbe River through Germany. However, the sailing was disrupted by low water levels and European river cruise was actually experienced between two different river ships and motor coaches. Chris shares this one of a kind river cruise experience.  Find the show notes to this episode and others at RiverCruiseRadio.net, and please continue to share River Cruise Radio with your friends and clients.