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  Episode: 140 RAISING PPA assessment and treatment from the Ground Up: In Conversation with Jeanne Gallée     In this episode you will discover: · Assessment and Intervention Aren't Separate — Conversation itself can double as both. By listening closely and responding to what a client offers, in a "more art than science" way, clinicians gather meaningful data and provide support at the same time, rather than treating these as two distinct phases of care. · Rigid Testing Can Erase the Person Behind the Diagnosis — Traditional standardized assessments often serve the goals of an institution or research protocol more than the person being assessed. Frameworks like RAISE and the PACT scale shift the focus toward strengths, natural conversation, and what someone can still do, rather than repeatedly measuring decline. · PPA Needs Its Own Identity and Training Path — Because primary progressive aphasia sits uneasily between post-stroke aphasia care and traditional dementia care, clinicians often receive little formal training in it. A global survey found major gaps in education and confidence, underscoring the need for dedicated resources, like Dr. Gallée's PPA roadmap, built specifically for this population. Do you ever wish you could step back in time and undo the missteps and errors of the past? What if you had the opportunity to build something from the ground up? Certainly, knowing what you know now, you could begin in a better place. But of course, there's always pitfalls with new beginnings, even with the knowledge of lessons from the past. You could, however, make a positive impact on that new beginning. Welcome to the Aphasia Access Conversations podcast. I'm Jerry Hoepner, a professor from the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, and co-facilitator of the Chippewa Valley Aphasia Camp, Blue Gold Brain Injury Group, Mayo Brain Injury Group, Young Persons Brain Injury Group, Brain In-Cog, and Thursday Night Poets. I'm also a member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. Aphasia Access strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas about their aphasia care through a variety of educational resources. I'm privileged to introduce today's guest, Dr. Jeanne Gallée, who is a clinical scientist in the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington. Dr. Gallée is a licensed speech language pathologist practicing in the greater Washington state area. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences at Wellesley College in 2016 and Doctor of Philosophy at Harvard University in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology in 2021. She has been recognized as a Distinguished Early Career Professional by ASHA and a Distinguished Scholar by the Tavistock Trust for Aphasia. Her work is dedicated to improving assessment practices and functional outcomes for individuals living with aphasia and neurodegenerative conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Jeanne, it's really nice to see you again today, and to have this opportunity to have a conversation with you as a recent recipient of the Tavistock Scholar Program, and to talk about your work with individuals with primary progressive aphasia. So, thanks for being "on" today for the conversation. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you so much for having me, Jerry. I'm really honored to be here. Jerry Hoepner: Likewise, I'm really excited for this conversation, and as I just alluded to, I wanted to congratulate you on being awarded the first Tavistock Scholar with an emphasis doing work in primary progressive aphasia, and I thought maybe I could get your thoughts on being selected as a Tavistock Scholar. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you. It feels honestly incredibly remarkable in the sense that I think it represents a shift in how we're thinking about the separate diagnoses of progressive aphasia versus an aphasia that's due to an acute injury. And I'm really honored to be a part of that. I think there have been many discussions growing over the years, and I think we're seeing that shift in how we do think about addressing assessment and intervention and general care for people across the aphasia continuum. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed, I think there's been so much growth in the last five years in that area. I can remember at the outset of the pandemic, having discussions about "What do we do with people with primary progressive aphasia who were a part of our aphasia group? Should they be a part of our aphasia group? How do we pivot to that in an online context?" and it feels like we've come so far in our conversation about where primary progressive aphasia fits in in all of those different contexts. Jeanne Gallée: Right, I entirely agree, and I think the journey of my own work has already evolved in so many ways that I couldn't have imagined, like you say, five years ago I completed my doctoral work March 2021 and just seeing the phenomenal amounts of change that have really taken place since then has been incredible, and I feel very lucky to be part of that momentum right now. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, it's exciting to see these things move forward. And one of the differences that I see is primary progressive aphasia started out within the Life Participation Approach, just soundly from day one, as opposed to a lot of aphasia care, which has kind of evolved from this medical model, and how refreshing it is to see something built from the ground up. Done right, so to speak. I don't know if you have thoughts on that piece… Jeanne Gallée: No, I do. I think that's a really interesting point. I think I might be part of the camp that at times feels like progressive conditions get a little bit lost in the rehabilitation space, but I think you're absolutely right. I think the absence of pharmacological treatment, or a cure that has long standing effects for these progressive conditions has made rehabilitation specialists much more attuned to focusing on quality of life, life participation, maintaining autonomy, and so forth. So, I think I forget that perspective sometimes. Perhaps from the space that I work in, I tend to be in a more interdisciplinary environment where I feel on the opposite end. I'm often asked for justification for providing these types of services, and that fits in nicely with our previous discussion on how we do see that differentiation and how people with aphasia due to a progressive condition may be siloed from people who have the more quote unquote traditional aphasia symptoms. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that's a really good point. And you know, referring to those previous conversations we discussed that need for primary progressive aphasia to have a space of its own. It's tricky because it doesn't fit into post-stroke aphasia quite right, and it doesn't fit into the Alzheimer's and dementia world quite right. So, yeah, it's nice to see this developing in the Life Participation kind of context, really excited about Anna Volkmer's conference dedicated to primary progressive aphasia. Yeah, what an excellent point, that even though we feel like it's great to build it from the ground up, there's still people in that interdisciplinary context, who are very much looking at this, like,"Justify this. How is having conversations and doing activities with someone justifiable, as a, you know, as a skilled intervention?" Jeanne Gallée: Right. I think a lot of it comes back to misunderstandings about the scope of our profession. So, coming from the speech language pathology standpoint, we may have a perspective that other providers may not. And it's interesting, particularly when that confusion or disconnect happens in conditions that are communication led, where we see the symptoms primarily touching upon our ability to interact verbally or non-verbally to communicate. And it's fascinating, and I think speaking to that silo, we see PPA having been a relatively new and still considered very rare condition, but there's so much overlap with other conditions, right, in the kinds of symptoms that we see and there's so much where, as any speech pathologist with experience in acquired neurogenic communication disorders, we can see that we can apply our skill set, but again, likely due to the terminal nature of the condition, we end up seeing providers taking it a different route, or saying either there's only the pharmacological route, or we just let it lie or let it be as is, which we wouldn't do with any other condition. We wouldn't say that for someone with ALS. We would want to provide them the supports, even if they're temporary, to improve quality of life. So, it is an interesting, almost cultural phenomenon as well. I think. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that I think it's really fascinating, and I'm so glad you brought that up. It reminds me of kind of the phrase, the company we keep, right? It's easy to be amongst, you know, people who are in the [Life Participation Approach to Aphasia] LPPA world, who think the way that we think, and who do the way that we do. And I do a lot of work in the area of cognitive communication disorders with acquired brain injuries, and so forth, and there's been a remarkable shift in the last five years there as well towards a more Life Participation bio psychosocial approach, and some of the work that I've been passionate about for years has been more and more accepted. So you feel like when you're in that company of all of your people that everything's all good, but it also reminds me of something that my friend Natalie Douglas always says, which is that "We need to be out there amongst others who need to understand the importance of this kind of a perspective, and sharing that." And when you talked about those other professionals, I really didn't think about that until you said that. Right, really important to get them on the same page, and to help them understand why this is so important. Jeanne Gallée: Right? And I think that's where the conference that you mentioned, the first PPA only conference that's taking place this summer in London, is so special because one of the reasons why we were so motivated to have this type of a conference is that there wasn't really the space at the typical aphasiology conferences, and then the larger neurology-based conferences, or more broadly dementia-based conferences, also didn't quite feel like a home. I think, especially their studies of quality of life, in particular, we're really not seen as rigorous in those contexts. So, this conference, what's nice is that we have that uniting force of everyone being focused on PPA, but it's super interdisciplinary, and that I think will really promote some fantastic conversations. Jerry Hoepner: Wow, that's really encouraging and exciting to see that move forward. I'm not in the primary progressive aphasia world, although when we're at aphasia camp and things like that, certainly that's a part of my role. But as soon as I saw the call for papers come out, I'm, you know, texting and messaging all of my PPA folks to say, "Did you see this? This is great. Are you doing something?" It's very exciting. So, I'm excited to see where that moves in the future and to hear how things go this time around. That's great. Jeanne Gallée: Likewise, I'm really excited, and I do really believe it will lead to a whole future cascade of collaboration. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, amazing. Well, before we delve into your amazing work, I've been reading your articles, and it's been just a pleasure to read it. I'm always impressed with how certain themes of importance can come across in different areas of our field, and it's been fun to see that. I wonder, because I'm looking at the list of collaborators, just some incredible collaborators on that list, in those papers, I'd love to hear a little bit about your mentorship, both in primary progressive aphasia and kind of thinking about the Life Participation quality of life kind of context as well. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think in hindsight my mentorship experience seems more linear than it did in the moment. And I think it goes back to my original journey in my doctoral program. The program I was in, the Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology program at Harvard was a little bit different from others, where we didn't apply to work with a specific mentor, but truly just to get into the program. And they encouraged a pretty extensive shopping period to work with a variety of mentors to get a feel for topic area, mentorship style, and so traditionally first year students didn't even have any experiences, they just focused on the very time-intensive and rigorous coursework. I came in and started my first experience with Evelina Fedorenko at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who had worked with an undergrad. And that I think from the get-go gave me a very holistic view. I think, of the ways in which we could think about language, and in particular, the language network. So, there I was working on MRI studies of what activations do we see in the language network. In response to linguistic stimuli. And we were working with undergrads at MIT who were all healthy between the ages of 18 through 30, and I just felt at a certain point that I had this growing interest towards thinking about what happens when something goes wrong. So when it's atypical processing of language. I first thought I might be interested in pediatric population, so I was all over the place, but through the partnership that my program had with the MGH Institute of Health Professionals, I ended up having this amazing opportunity to be mentored by Evelina Federenko, as well as Sophia Vallila Rohter at the Institute of Health Professions, as well as the Frontotemporal Disorders Unit at Mass General Hospital, through my actual clinical training. So I had this quite hefty consortium of mentors, and I think that has its own set of challenges, right? It's a little bit less mentor-directed and more on the student to say, "This is exactly what I want to work on." But I think that allowed me to build a network of experiences and mentors, and that just has bled into every experience I've had since then. I also think the pandemic, you brought that up before, had a huge role in this, and all of a sudden people were very, very open to virtual meetings and connections and wanted connection. I think everyone felt very stuck at home and wanted to find more people and to find meaning and Anna Volkmer and I had the opportunity to meet at the Academy of Aphasia in Macau in 2019. And honestly meeting her in our connection has been also one of those launching pads for me to really jump out into the world of international collaboration. So all that to say, I think a lot of chance encounters and just a lot of plunging into possible conversations head first has led to this phenomenal mentorship team. And a lot of people who I collaborate with now I see as my inadvertent mentors, and that includes Anna, that includes Maya Henry at UT Austin, Amy Mooney in Oregon, just people who have consistently volunteered their time to mentor me in ways in which I can only say I would have never expected. Jade Cartwright and I have had such a phenomenal collaboration over the past few years as well, where we just had the same interests, and Zoom allowing, we were able to build on those. Jerry Hoepner: That's really an amazing answer to that question. I love the term inadvertent mentors, because I just think that those are the best mentors, where you're as much a mentor to them as they are to you. And it's just this really reciprocal relationship, but it's also built on this organic, like passion and interest for the same kinds of topics. Where it's not forced and that's a really nice kind of look back on your entire process. I was also struck by the term "mentor shopping", or "mentor shopping period", whatever. And I think that's really great that you had an opportunity for that not to be so mentor-led, and I mean it clearly shows through when you talk about your clinical experience and how that was connected to your research experience, and kind of all used to create this amalgamation of who you are. I mean, it's clear in talking with you, it's clear in reading your work that you have that strong, multi prong kind of basis. It's not just research, it's not just this specific area of research, it's really broad and the clinical connection is there, so that makes a lot of sense when I hear you talk about that, for sure. Jeanne Gallée: Oh, thank you. Yeah, I think in hindsight, again, it seems more linear, and in the moment it sometimes felt a little wild, I will say, in terms of just wrangling what do I actually want to pursue, and how. And I'm still figuring that out. But I think this community of collaborators and mentors is truly what has kept me in the field and as well. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, I think when you can connect with other people who are passionate about the work that you're doing. I can't imagine sitting at alone in my office doing a project, and I mean it's just so much more fun when you're doing it with other people. And other people who can expand the way that you think, which I'm sure everyone that you've mentioned on that list really does, when you can say, "Well, I think we should do it this way" and someone says, "Have you thought about…" and it just completely wrecks your world in a good way, "Like, oh my gosh, I didn't think about that, that's so exciting!" and then you just get into this back and forth. Yeah, very fun to hear about that. And again, it clearly shows through in the work that you do. In our previous conversations, you also mentioned this idea, and this again built on those clinical foundations that your initial mission was really to help develop interventions for people with primary progressive aphasia, and then you kind of got not off track, but inadvertently focused on working on assessments. You mentioned that there's just such a need, and this is so common in a lot of areas, but there's a need for more person-centered, ecologically valid strength-based assessment, and that the traditional measures just don't tell us enough. So, I'm really excited to talk about the work that you're doing on assessment, and how that brings us closer to what we need from an intervention standpoint, too. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so that really is at the heart of what has been my experience. Also, right from the get-go, we started talking about the differences, or the possible differentiation that the field has historically taken in thinking about post-stroke aphasia versus primary progressive aphasia. One of my first real PPA projects in my doctoral work was meant to be a naming treatment study for people living with PPA, and one of the roadblocks I kept hitting was also my mentors and reviewers telling me that I was trying to add too many things. And in that process I realized I don't think just using something that exists for post-stroke aphasia is going to be the best way to address the patients I'm seeing right now. And it's not because there's something wrong with that treatment. That treatment was not designed for these individuals. And that led to many more rabbit holes, and you know me really just feeling this existential crisis of "Well, why are we working on the stimuli that we are, and why are we asking questions about these ones?" And I have so much respect for the assessments that exist, and the individuals behind them, and the time they invested in making them. I am also of the belief that we can move forward and improve our processes. There are certain assessments that may be widely used and have so much again power behind them. You know, we have best associated certain assessments with characterizing a diagnosis, but what I ended up seeing in my placements and throughout my clinical work is that many assessments serve more of a mission of an institution or a research protocol than the person being assessed. And in the face of a person with a terminal condition who is using their precious time to serve you in that space, I just think it's so much more important, or that much more important, to really consider what is most functional for them. What will serve them? And how we, how can we give back to that person? And again, part of that emotion, I think, comes from having worked in many research-centered spaces, where someone might not get intervention afterwards, or they might not understand why they are participating in up to five hours of assessment, and I think that's where that passion for focusing on reprioritizing the patient or the client really came from. Jerry Hoepner: I think that attention to "what's in it for them", is really important and clearly based in kind of where your heart is at and where your clinical mindset is at. Because it's easy to go in and say, "Well, we need this data. We need all the data that we get." but to what end, right? Like, how is it going to help? And how is that going to give us any more information about how to help this person, then what they can't do, right? So, I appreciate that mindset a lot, you know. It makes me think, and this is a little off track, and we didn't talk about this question earlier, but what a shift it will be clinicians working with people with primary progressive aphasia, and how they'll be able to shift from using kind of the existing tools that were out there for other purposes to moving towards tools that are designed specifically for people with PPA, and maybe just a snapshot of your thoughts about that piece. Jeanne Gallée: So I think it's really important to know where the field comes from, the work in which it was grounded in. So, I think it, it makes sense to talk about standardized assessment scores. It makes sense to talk about, you know, the specific assessments that can help us quickly differentiate presentations or needs, right? So, using the symptom-led approach, can we identify specific behaviors really quickly in a standardized way? I think the issue comes in when we stop being dynamic in how we use them. It's very easy to use an assessment in a way that feels rote. It feels just like a test, and it's like you said, "just collecting data for the purpose of collecting data." And lose that aspect of humanity. And maybe I'm putting words in other clinicians' mouths, but especially when a certain condition is rare, like PPA is. You may not have very much experience with seeing someone with PPA, or any type of progressive condition, and feel really stuck and needing to be in the motivation of being really professional, sticking to a certain set of tests. "This feels right." Right, this is what someone told me to do. I can fill this out, and there's something very potentially vulnerable or scary about just going with your gut in those moments. And what Anna Volkmer and I have spoken about so often is just the power of having a conversation with someone, and seeing what you can learn from that conversation, not only about the person themselves, but their communication behaviors. And how you can get so much from that conversation, including the trust and comfort of the client in front of you. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah. One of the things that I think about when you're talking about that is, in working with people with acquired brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries one of the things I've learned is they will tell you, or they will ask, right? They'll say, "What is this? "What kind of information is this giving you?" "Why do we have to do this stupid test?" And I think that's good. I think that's a mindset that we should have when we're thinking about all of the assessments that we do. Why are we doing this? Is this really necessary? And they're very willing to say, "If it's necessary, that's fine, I'll do it, but are you getting something from this that I'm not seeing?" Right, I love that question, and I think it speaks to what you just said, right? Like, there's so much information that we can gather from conversations, from our interactions with people, we should be thinking about getting that, and if we're doing something else, we should have a why directly following, yeah. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, the why is so important, and you're right. Sometimes we do just need to get certain information. I think for me, one of the most striking moments early on in my training was having small talk. You know, just conversation with a person with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and thinking, "Wow, this all feels quite typical. I'm curious about why they're here? What their testing will look like…" and then moving on to the Boston Naming Test and immediately seeing the challenges that came. That dichotomy is really helpful to have in those moments, but again, there's the argument of why are we asking about the name abacus, right? Why are we using that right now, and how does that represent how someone is performing functionally in their everyday life? Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, totally. I agree. Can you share a little bit about the RAISE framework, which I really love, because it relates to the way that I think about assessment from the standpoint of counseling, like you build on relationships and connections. William Miller is famous for saying, "The last thing you should ever do at the beginning of a session is assessment." You're beginning of a relationship with someone, don't assess first thing. So, I love that piece, and then thinking about the pact, and I'll let you kind of expand those, but I'll let you unpack them – ha ha- but how that starts to move us towards intervention. Jeanne Gallée: Right. So the RAISE assessment framework was really built out of those conversations, and I guess realizations on my own part about that discomfort with the really rigid end that assessment can…I'll restate that. The rigidity that assessment can have, so again speaking to really, really standardized sets and rigid protocols of specific measures that someone uses, and like you said, having the experience of multiple research participants, as well as patients, asking "Why are we doing this? I know I'm not good at this. Why are we doing it again and again?" And in those moments, not feeling like I had the power to really justify exactly why we were doing everything, apart from, "Oh, this is important for the research study." Which it was, but just feeling like there was that aspect of humanity that was missing, and coming up with my own toolkit in those moments to fill in those blanks. So right after the completion of my PhD, Anna Volkmar and I started speaking a lot more about the power of conversational assessment. And then that led into conversations where we worked with Anne Whitworth, Deborah Hersh, and Jade Cartwright, where again, through the power of Zoom across all times. I was pregnant with my first, and meeting everyone usually at midnight my time. I already was nocturnal at that point!  Where we would just be discussing all of these issues, and what was amazing about this is that, particularly Anne and Deb come from more of the post-stroke aphasia world, and had these amazing principles grounded in those populations where Deborah Hersh had also really come forward with the concept of therapeutic assessment. So as you had said assessment and intervention shouldn't be separate, they belong together and coexist at all times if we're smart about it. And what we ended up doing, first informally and then formally through the more official Delphi process is coming up with a set of principles as a framework for assessment. So, to take a step away from, "Oh, it's just Lucy Goosey, we're having a conversation and chit chat." What we're actually promoting is a pretty structured set of principles to guide the ways in which we can cultivate assessment for individuals with PPA and their loved ones. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, absolutely. I was kind of scanning on my computer, I was trying to think of the name. I love this name of the article, where it says, 'Please don't assess me to death, or something like that. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, yeah. Jerry Hoepner:  Yeah, and, and thinking about that whole entire process from beginning to end as a relationship, as you know, not discreetly assessment, not discreetly intervention, I think it's just really important. Can you talk a little bit about the PACT and kind of where that has moved things in terms of the assessment piece, but also kind of set a set up for intervention and what that looks like? Jeanne Gallée: Great, so the PACT the Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit kit builds off of what we put forth with the RAISE assessment framework. So with RAISE we promote that the relationship might be temporary, it might be a single interaction, or it might be long term, and we cultivate that through conversation and then the PACT is a set of scales that leverages that conversation, we take that natural or as natural as can be interaction and use it to come up with a concrete framework of communication strengths. So that might all sound very esoteric. To make that more concrete, there are four scales to the PACT. They're all clinician ratings, where the clinician is asked to look at a pre-recorded conversation that would occur naturally in a clinical or research context, and then on a scale from four to zero, rate the person speaking's strengths. So within the domains of speech and voice, as well as language and social pragmatics, as well as discourse, and the point or the purpose of that was to really anchor a person's communicative ability in one of these more natural environments with a provider. We collect so much phenomenal qualitative data, but at times it can feel challenging to quantify it and the hope with the PACT is that we can quantify our very real, possibly subjective evaluation of a person's communication at a certain moment in time. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, and what I love about that, and you might have a slightly different thought about this, because you're deeper into it, but from an assessment standpoint, you can then do that all the way through. You can say, "Here's where they are this year, here's where they are next year, here's where they are the year after that, or you know, two years ago, or whatever your lens is at that point." You can do that without kind of this constant repeating of, "Okay, let's see how bad you are today compared to a year ago, or compared to two years ago." Just a very different mindset. And I love the focus on "What can you still do? What what's working? And how can we leverage what's working to really help you to actually communicate today?" As opposed to saying, "Oh boy, the ship is sinking." which is kind of the typical approach. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, that exactly what you're saying. The tendency tends to focus on what's no longer there. And while that might be helpful in clinical trials to characterize a person's performance diagnostically and the trajectory of a diagnosis over time. It really does not serve the person who goes home after the assessment, nor their loved ones to help them maintain that autonomy and quality of life, and also caregiver burden. And that is actually one of the points I really love about the PACT, is it builds on that RAISE aspect, that final tenant of evolution or adaptation over time. There's no repeat measure conflict here, where you know something might seem familiar. One of the unique parts of the PACT is that the clinician doesn't fill out the scale while they're talking to the person, they're really just recording them talking, so it is on the clinician side where, as often as they'd like to, they could implement the structured prompts of the PACT and then fill out the scale and see how performance might vary over time. They might see effects of context of the conversation, or the environment, or maybe the time of day, you know, phase of life, but it remains a way to use that really important information you gather through these conversations without recreating a testing environment frequently. Jerry Hoepner: I really love that framework. I think there's a lot of room for that to be used in other contexts as well. I just think it's really a wise way of thinking about it. I also, you just mentioned caregivers and caregiver burden in this context, and how does that fit into this entire RAISE framework, the PACT, and so forth. Jeanne Gallée: I think for both the RAISE assessment framework as well as the PACT the carers play an essential role in the sense that if they are available and present in the patient's life, then they are involved in the process. And so within the RAISE framework, the care partner is involved to provide feedback or to be given feedback, and in the PACT the same occurs, where if they are present at the time of the conversation, they are involved in the conversation. What I tend to do in the people I have piloted the PACT, I say come in as you would naturally, but then also take a step back. Let the person that with PPA that we're talking to take the lead, but I want you to interact as you would naturally. And then they're separately also asked to comment on the strengths that the person with PPA has. Their feedback is so integral because if they are present in a person's life, they play an essential role in promoting anything that we do work on in speech therapy. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, really well said. And I wanted to dig in, partly because I have envy of this figure, the roadmap figure for PPA, and I think it really sets up well for as we think about professionals out there too, like what's the roadmap, not just for the person and their partner, but what's the roadmap for clinicians, future clinicians, all of that. Maybe you can talk a little bit about that figure. Jeanne Gallée: I'd be delighted to. So, this was one of those, I would say classic for me moments where I had an idea and went to PowerPoint and started playing around with a visual of what I was thinking. The roadmap paper in no way is meant to be the only guide for how we can work with a person with PPA, but was really born out of discussions with Amy Mooney, as well as Zoe Ezzes, and Kristin Schafferr Mendez through the National Aphasia Association about the possible gaps in education or preparation a person might experience when first working with people living with PPA.  There are so many ways in which we could say, "Oh, just work on this exact task. Work on these.." and that can feel so lost and unanchored, unmoored moreover. And I wanted to provide the clinical toolkit that I've been using to help me think about my broader approach. So to not get lost in the weeds, but just generally think about what's my purpose here, what's my journey, and so at the center of this road that I created is the tenant of providing that person-centered care, like we aim to with the RAISE assessment framework, so really bringing it back to establishing that honest and holistic and person-centered relationship with your client and their care partners. And focusing on creating a journey that's unique to the client that I think can feel hard when there are so many unknowns with a condition like PPA, where you're always working with an interdisciplinary team. Which you may or may not have contact with. So the first part of this roadmap is really defining your role. Who are you as a professional, and what kinds of support can you provide, and part of defining your own role includes defining your role relative to the rest of the interdisciplinary team. How can you provide a different approach from the neurologist or the neuropsychologist who play vital but very different roles in a person's care journey? Part of that definition also includes advocating across professions, so a classic conundrum that people with communication-led disorders face is that they may not have certain challenges in other domains, but their communication results in a domino effect of difficulties. And so, as the speech language pathologist, coming up with ways in which you can provide supports to other providers or your client to improve their communication can be essential for that comprehensive care. That might include coming up with a communication notebook that has a single page related to specific questions or common topics when talking to the neurologist or the physical therapist or other providers. And then part of this roadmap includes referring out. So having the humility and confidence to say I can't help with this in the ways that you may need. I will either refer you to a specialist within our field or outside of our field to help with these specific aspects, and I think that's just responsible care. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely. Really well described, and such a perfect. A segway to my next question. I always tell my students, assessment isn't just the first and last session that you're working with someone, and the same goes for intervention, right? It's not excluded from the beginning and the end, right? Like, you can't do intervention on day one, you can't do it on the last day, right? I think we kind of silo those things as well, you know, we assess and we intervene every day side by side. Can you share a little bit of your perspectives on this? And, and how that relates to kind of what we just talked about in terms of that roadmap? Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think part of the challenge with some of these concepts is that it's very helpful to have experience in working with individuals, whether it is through formal speech therapy or elsewhere, to feel comfort with the unknown. Because a lot of it relies on your ability to listen and to respond to what you notice. You may inadvertently put in assessment by asking follow-up questions to a point a person made when you were talking about their commute. Ad you may offer different technological supports or just visual supports to your client in that conversation in a way to build up supports to see, "Oh, do we see a difference in how they're responding to what I'm saying? And how I provide support? Or when I dial it back, do we see a completely different direction?" So, it is this beautiful, possibly more art than science approach of responding to what a person is giving you. And there are so many individual differences in all of us.  I always joke about how when I used to collect data on the picture description using both age match controls and people with PPA, I would almost burst out laughing when some of the controls provided responses, because I would get one to two sentences sometimes because see the difference in motivation. A person who does not have a communication concern, does not see the need to show exactly what they can do. And would benefit from some encouragement to show exactly how much they can say, whereas a person with PPA, who might have an Aphasia Quotient that recognizes their aphasia, might speak for five to 10 minutes to show exactly everything that they can accomplish. And so I think having that in your back pocket is really important when it comes to thinking about coming up with your recipe of all the ingredients of your assessment and intervention approach and counseling approach. So, I think that's where most of my work comes from, is that there is no one size fits all, but there are certain ingredients or components that we need to apply, and the exact ratios depend on the person you're working with. Jerry Hoepner: That is such a good description of dynamic assessment and intervention and how that I agree, probably more art than science. And that's hard for people who want a black and white answer, like "Step one…" but it's so true, and, and being effective in working in this context, that really moves us nicely into a recent paper that you did, those global perspectives on the management of PPA, and I was struck by the numbers here. Only 40% of respondents said that they had received training in primary progressive aphasia at their university, and they identified all of these needs, right, like online instruction, sample tools, and activity dealing with end of life care and trainings for end of life care. When you mentioned counseling, that totally relates to what we're up against in terms of counseling, right? No one feels confident or has very good self efficacy. Tey don't know if what you know the lines are, what part is theirs and what part is someone else. And I think just really important to like I said, lay out a roadmap and help people to understand what we were just talking about in terms of that art and science of how do you navigate this space when it has to be individualized for every person, and that can feel uncomfortable for a lot of people. So, I'd love to hear more of your thoughts on that, and kind of what you learned from that context. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so this research study. Was really an amazing endeavor on part of everyone who was involved. It felt like a grassroots effort to find the speech language pathologists around the world who aren't associated with a particular institution who do work with primary progressive aphasia. So of course it will never be a fully representative sample of every clinician who does so, but I do think we worked very hard to cast a wide net. So we used a snowball method. I contacted almost 40 institutions and governing bodies to find speech language pathologists who do have experience with PPA, because while more and more non-specialist providers will be seeing this patient population, we wanted to hear from the people who currently are in the field and creating their own expertise and toolkits to work with these individuals. So, what we found is that a lot of people are out on their own creating their own wheels, so to speak. And it just really led to that beautiful conclusion of now with the power of our globalization of education and sharing of resources, we can come up with a resource that's shared worldwide. Of course, there will be adaptations to fit different contexts, cultures, languages, but one of the issues has been that the systems of care for PPA have often relied upon very specific individuals. And that's reflected in the educational level. Even I was in the master's program between 2017 and 2019, I didn't hear about PPA formally in my coursework, and if it was mentioned we did not go into any of these aspects of specialized care. Part of that might have been because I didn't take very specific courses that then you know were optional or precluded, so I might have missed it, but I really didn't receive that education in the classroom. I received it through my clinical training, which I would argue is possibly even more valuable, right? You have that experiential training. But I think for clinicians who might want to transition in their careers, or you know, inadvertently in their place of work, are transitioning based on who shows up, that is a huge disservice. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, agreed. And it's a complex issue, right, because I can remember actually teaching about this back before Tom [Sather] was in my department. I taught the aphasia class and the acquired cog class, and I was thinking, like, where do I talk about primary progressive aphasia? Do I talk about that in acquired com? Do I talk about that in aphasia? Do I do it in both? Where do I talk about end of life care, and like, how does that fit in, because that's, you know, at that point I was teaching dysphasia, too. Believe it or not, and I'm like, it's kind of there, it's kind of here, it's kind of, it's kind of in counseling, it's all right. So that makes it tricky to have kind of a uniform message when it's all over the place. And love to just get your thoughts on that too. Like, where do you put that stuff? Like, it's it's PPA, it's end of life care, it's aphasia, it's right, it's counseling, it's so many things at once. Jeanne Gallée: It is so many things at once, and I do think that speaks to the fact that it may well need its own class as part of progressive conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah. Jeanne Gallée: But I do think a large part of what we share there is that understanding of we may also need to shift the identity of who we think about when we think about life care. And when we think about a progressive condition. Since a huge flavor, so to speak, of PPA is the fact that it is early onset, and especially with our cultural shifts, and you know, people starting families later in life. The face of a person with PPA looks very different from, at least in my childhood, of what looked like typical Alzheimer's disease dementia. And it's a younger, possibly more dynamic working person, possibly with little kids at home. And I think that's where that symptom-led approach has been most beneficial for my practice. Where we think about "What are you experiencing and how is it impacting your life?", rather than saying "This is the diagnosis, let's put you over here in this box." Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, the idea of putting it in a box and siloing things really resonates in this context, and I love what you said about identity, right? The identity - what we all have in our mind's eye when we think about end of life care is not the typical person with primary progressive aphasia. Like I can remember as an elementary school student visiting the nursing homes and singing to the residents and things like that, and this was not, this was not the group of people that we were thinking about in that context. Very, very different, and I just think that's a really good mindset shift to recognize how actually broad that is. I'm sure there's people listening to this who work in, you know, end of life pediatric care who want to slap me in the face right now, but right, we have such a different mindset when we're thinking about end of life care, and that reset that you just made super important. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, yeah, and easier said than done, I think, As well as just seeing who shows up to the University of Washington support groups, and just the own perspectives that individuals bring there. But I think we can do it. I think, as a field, that will be the way in which we can become the best generalist provider, so to speak, where we take general principles of addressing symptoms or situations, and then apply those to diagnoses across the spectrum. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, really well said, and a great place to kind of wrap up our questions, but I want to give you the opportunity, are there points that you want to share before we kind of close our conversation? Things that we missed. Jeanne Gallée: I think the general thread throughout our conversation has just spoken to the power we do have as providers or researchers working with patients with primary progressive aphasia or related conditions, I think when we feel that our expertise in the newest theories or approaches might be lacking, we can always rely upon our empathy and full body listening, just to bring in elements that go across the lifespan, and that in of itself can lead to so many honest and transparent choices in our clinical care that can best serve our communities. I think we are much more empowered than we think we are. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, that's a really important thread through many places where clinicians feel uncomfortable. They've got it there and they just have to gain that confidence, and being empowered to step into those moments. Well said. Well, Jeanne it's been just a really fun conversation. I'm sure we could talk all afternoon, but I look forward to catching up to you at future conferences and things like that. It's been my pleasure to have this conversation. So, thank you for being a part of it. Jeanne Gallée: Right back at you, Jerry. Thank you so much. This has been a really fun conversation, and like you said, I hope to meet in person in the near future. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed. On behalf of Aphasia Access, thank you for listening to this episode of the Aphasia Access Conversations Podcast. For more information on Aphasia Access, and to access our growing library of materials, please go to www.aphasiaaccess.org. If you have an idea for a future podcast series or topic, email us at info at aphasia access.org Thanks again for your ongoing support of Aphasia Access.   Resources and Readings 1) The RAISE Assessment Framework: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., & Hersh, D. (2023). "Please Don't Assess Him to Destruction": The R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework for Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 32(2), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00122  Gallée, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., Hersh, D., & Cartwright, J. (2024). Applications of the R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework to Support the Process of Assessment in Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 33(5), 2280–2290. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00085 2) A roadmap for clinicians just starting to work with PPA: Gallée, J. (2023). A Roadmap to enhance care for people living with primary progressive Aphasia: What Can Be Done Now?. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 8(5), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_PERSP-23-0002  3) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705 4) The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (in production at Alzheimer's & Dementia, but here is the preprint): Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Henry, M. L., Mooney, A. R., Stark, B. C., Volkmer, A., Dietz, A., Nakano, C., Battista, P., Beales, A., Beber, B. C., Cadório, I., Caldwell, M., Davies, K., Ezzes, Z., Gauch, M., Graney, T., Grobler, S., Haley, K. L., Hausmann, A., … Crane, P. K. (2025). The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (PACT): A Strengths-Based Approach to Multidomain Evaluation for Intervention. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025.11.25.25340904. https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.11.25.25340904 5) A global survey on SLP perspectives on the management of PPA: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Grasso, S., Jokel, R., Lavoie, M., McGowan, E., Pozzebon, M., Beber, B. C., Duboisdindien, G., Montagut, N., Norvik, M., Sugimoto, T., Townsend, R., Unger, N., Winsnes, I. E., & Volkmer, A. (2024). Global perspectives on the management of primary progressive aphasia. Scientific reports, 14(1), 19712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70156-5 6) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705

This Sunday we looked at Psalm 8. We hope this message by Wessel encourages you.

Message from Boshoff Grobler on July 5, 2026

In today's episode, I am joined by photographer, filmmaker, conservation storyteller, and birder, Byron Grobler.Byron is the founder of WildWild Journeys, and earlier this year he announced on his YouTube channel that he would be taking on a birding big year.In this honest and thought-provoking conversation, Byron shares more about his journey, and how two significant encounters in the bush would shape the way he sees birds, wildlife, and the natural world around him.This episode goes far beyond simply finding birds. We unpack what it means to interact ethically with nature, and how that approach is shaping Byron's big year journey. Along the way, there are some powerful reflections that I think many birders will connect with.This is a fascinating conversation with someone who thinks deeply about birds, conservation, and storytelling, and I know you are going to enjoy it.Visit our online store to get your birding related merchandise at great prices https://www.thebirdinglife.com/online-storeIntro and outro music by Tony ZA https://soundcloud.com/tonyofficialzaLinks from show:WildWild Journeys YouTube https://www.youtube.com/@WildWildJourneysWildWild Journeys website https://wildwildjourneys.com/

Double Olympic champion James Cracknell joins Georgie for a conversation about elite sport, resilience, identity and recovery.James reflects on the defining moment that shaped his Olympic career: missing out on Atlanta 1996 through illness, after years of preparation, and deciding to commit to another four-year cycle despite knowing the same heartbreak could happen again.He takes us inside the pressure of rowing with Sir Steve Redgrave, Sir Matthew Pinsent and Tim Foster, the standards set by legendary coach Jürgen Grobler, and the mindset that helped Team GB win Olympic gold in Sydney and Athens.But this is also a conversation about life after elite sport. James opens up about the serious brain injury he suffered in 2010 after being hit by a fuel truck while cycling across America, the impact it had on his personality, family life and sense of self, and why he now believes asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness.From Olympic gold to rowing the Atlantic, recovering from a coma, getting into the University of Cambridge, competing in the Boat Race and now coaching the next generation, James shares what it really means to rebuild, adapt and keep moving forward.________________________________The Performance People podcast, in partnership with J.P. Morgan Private Bank, talks to high-performers in the world of sport and beyond, to bring defining moments, hard-earned insights and expert advice to everyday performance. New episodes every Tuesday.________________________________Connect with Performance PeopleHit subscribe today for the latest.

Maak seker jy skakel in om te kom luister hoe Sanet gesels oor haar unieke benadering wat fokus op studiemetodes, leierskapsontwikkeling en emosionele ondersteuning. Sy gesels oor die praktiese kursusse en insiggewende begeleiding waarmee Illuminated Growth ouers met die nodige gereedskap toerus om 'n sterk, gesonde band met hul kinders te bou – die sleutel tot emosionele welstand. Illuminated Growth is meer as net 'n praktyk; dit is 'n ruimte waar groei, begrip en hoop saamvloei om elke kind se volle potensiaal te ontsluit.

Rebroadcast in Memory of Eddie Grobler About Eddie Grobler In July 2019, Eddie established Commerce 2040. The main objective is to use Commerce 2040 as a “platform” for engagement with different stakeholders in the payments value chain with the key focus on payment flows in a dynamic and changing environment. He is currently involved is a number of explorative engagements with stakeholders – mainly start-up organisations and entities who are interested in entering the Australasian market. Eddie Grobler was the Executive Vice President: Australasia Division from 2008 and in August 2016, he was appointed as Executive Vice President: Realtime Payments. Based in London, he was responsible for the development and execution of Mastercard's real time payments strategy. Part of this strategy was to acquire a UK real time payments company. Eddie was part of the due diligence team. After the successful acquisition of Vocalink he took responsibility for the integration of the company into Mastercard. This project was successfully completed in November 2018 after which he returned back to Australia. Eddie retired, after 20 years, from Mastercard on 31 December 2018. Prior to 2008 Eddie was Based in Johannesburg, as the Senior Vice President: Sub-Sahara Division Eddie was responsible for all the Mastercard Africa business operations, in particular, the development of the Mastercard franchise in Africa, sub-Sahara. He was instrumental in the opening of the Mastercard offices in Nigeria, Kenya and Morocco. Eddie holds two Master's Degrees: one in Business Leadership the other in Psychology. Episode Notes 00:00 Intro 05:15 Lesson 1: The Answer Is in Your Hands 08:11 Lesson 2: Culture Matters and Always Will 11:16 Lesson 3: Writing in the Snow 13:33 Lesson 4: What's Your Decency Quotient? 16:51 Lesson 5: Your Mindset Matters a Lot 21:47 Lesson 6: Far or Fast, You Choose 23:53 Lesson 7: Make Recognition Your Job 29:57 Lesson 8: Reverse Mentoring 36:12 Lesson 9: Your Career Is Not a One Day Game 39:30 Lesson 10: Don't Jerk the Knee or Shoot the Mouth

Heritage of Faith  Ministries International || Witbank    Our Pastors Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International  Witbank on.    2026-04-05 Special Edition: I Trust You Holy Spirit - Ps Garth Bendixen, Ps Christi Grobler, Ps Melusi Ngcobo, Ps Sharon Bendixen - WTB For more information: https://hofmi.net/ 

Cosatu verwelkom 'n boete van 358-miljoen Suid-Afrikaanse rand wat die Gedragsowerheid van die Finansiële Sektor aan 'n voormalige direkteur van Steinhoff, Stephanus Johannes Grobler opgelê het. 'n Ondersoek deur die owerheid het bevind Grobler het die Wet op Finansiële Markte oortree, veral rakende bepalings wat die regstreekse of onregstreekse vervaardiging of publikasie van vals, misleidende of bedrieglike verklarings verbied. Matthew Parks van Cosatu sê dit is 'n langverwagte oorwinning:

In this conversation, Stephan Livera and Gareth Grobler discuss the innovative features of the Layerz Wallet, focusing on its multi-layered approach to cryptocurrency transactions, the importance of stablecoins for Bitcoin adoption, and the technical challenges of integrating various blockchain technologies. They explore user experience, onboarding strategies, and the future of stablecoins in the context of global markets, while emphasizing the need for a user-centric design that simplifies the process for everyday users.Takeaways:

Message from Boshoff Grobler on February 15, 2026

In this episode, Gabby Sykora sits down with wildlife photographer, author, and filmmaker Armand Grobler, whose life is deeply entwined with the African wilderness. From catching snakes in suburban Australia inspired by Steve Irwin to spending nearly 300 days a year living in tents across Botswana and South Africa, Armand's story is one of grit, humility, and relentless passion.He shares how his debut book Photo Safari Kruger became a bestseller, what inspired his deeply personal new work Eden: Soul of Africa, and why integrity and passion matter more than awards in the world of wildlife photography. Expect reflections on guiding, ethics, fear, creativity, and how living close to nature transforms both the artist and the person.Visit the YWPSA website here: https://www.ywpofsa.co.za/Find Armand on IG at: https://www.instagram.com/armand_grobler_photography/

Message from Boshoff Grobler on November 2, 2025

What does it really take to root out corruption in South Africa? Stand-in host Xavier Bapoo speaks to former South African Police Service (SAPS) Anti-Corruption Unit head Stefan Grobler and specialist investigator Mike Bolhuis about the deep-seated culture of corruption exposed by the Madlanga Commission. This conversation lays bare the forces eroding accountability, looking at political interference, the dismantling of anti-corruption structures to the risks faced by investigators on the front lines, exploring what it will take to rebuild integrity and justice in South Africa's institutions, and more. The Burning Platform

In this episode of the Second in Command Podcast, Cameron Herold sits down with Ebert Grobler, COO and co-founder of Ruby Digital, one of South Africa's top-ranked digital agencies now expanding across the globe.Ebert shares how his company has achieved near-perfect team retention and why their internal mantra—“Grow People, Grow Global, Grow Profit”—has fueled both performance and culture. From developing a system called The Ruby Way to empowering every team member to operate like an entrepreneur, Ebert breaks down how Ruby Digital builds sustainable high performance without burnout.He also explains how they've turned retention, trust, and human connection into a competitive advantage in a saturated market and why premium service is still one of the rarest differentiators in the U.S. marketing landscape.Timestamped Highlights [00:01:45] – Why Ruby Digital is expanding from South Africa into the U.S. [00:05:25] – The surprising gap in the U.S. market: quality and retention. [00:08:12] – How Ruby Digital achieves 95–100% staff retention. [00:10:20] – Creating “The Ruby Way”: an operating system built on trust. [00:12:45] – Letting employees act like entrepreneurs without the risk. [00:16:00] – “Step Up”: the six-month advancement model that keeps people growing. [00:18:30] – Guardrails against burnout: scorecards, balance wheels, and wellbeing KPIs. [00:22:40] – Why culture drives premium client delivery. [00:25:05] – How Ebert measures success: Grow People → Grow Global → Grow Profit. [00:27:15] – Ruby's philosophy: manage risk, not just marketing. [00:30:10] – B2B growth: focusing on long-term relationships, not quick wins. [00:33:25] – The “SMC client” model—serving sophisticated, mature companies. [00:36:10] – How much companies should invest in marketing (and why most don't). [00:41:10] – Ruby's 15% marketing reinvestment and in-house client mindset. [00:45:30] – Turning unused leads into referral revenue. [00:48:10] – The biggest lesson from failure: trust is earned, not given.Resources & MentionsSmart Marketing 2.0 Podcast – Co-hosted by Ebert GroblerScaling Up by Verne HarnishGood to Great by Jim CollinsAbout the GuestEbert Grobler is the COO and co-founder of Ruby Digital, a global performance marketing agency headquartered in South Africa with hubs in the U.K. and U.S. A former communication-science student turned “human-systems engineer,” Ebert is known for creating organizational models that blend business growth with human sustainability. Under his leadership, Ruby Digital has been recognized as one of the Top 20 Companies to Work For in South Africa by the U.K. Sunday Times and continues to redefine what it means to run a people-first, performance-driven company.

Welcome to the weekly Recruitment Podcast by The Recruitment Network (TRN) – where we share real conversations to help you build your recruiting team, level up your recruiter training, and stay ahead in the world of talent acquisition.TRN – Enabling recruitment businesses to maximise their performance, productivity and profitability.In this episode with Mike Gawthorne, Rowan Grobler, and Toni Cocozza, we explore the realities of exiting a recruitment business and what leaders need to know when preparing for investment or sale. The panel shares powerful insights into investor relationships, leadership transitions, and the emotional and strategic journey of stepping back from your business.Topics include:Understanding Exit Strategies in RecruitmentMotivations Behind MBOs and Trade SalesThe Emotional Journey of Exiting a BusinessInvestor Perspectives on Business Readiness for SaleManaging Leadership Transition Post-ExitNavigating Private Equity and Venture CapitalBuilding Strong Relationships with InvestorsUnderstanding Entry Points for InvestmentWhat is TRN? The Recruitment Network is the ultimate support network for recruitment business leaders. We offer a wide range of benefits including: an inclusive leadership club; Recruitment Trailblazers, a programme tailored for billing managers; full back‑office support and training; TRN World, our innovative online community; plus access to investment insights, technology guidance, expert content, and much more.Start your TRN journey with a 30‑day free trial: https://therecruitmentnetwork.com/sign‑up‑freeExplore more recruitment content: https://trn.world/page/contentUpgrade your team with expert recruitment coaching & training: https://trn.world/page/training (Access to TRN World and content included for members)Download our app – just search The Recruitment NetworkAlready a TRN member? Log in here: https://therecruitmentnetwork.com/loginAccess The Ultimate AI in‑a‑Box and other practical guides for TRN members: https://therecruitmentnetwork.com/learn/guides/the-ultimate-ai-in-a-box-from-trnSubscribe now – your go‑to show for recruitment business support, recruiter development, and impactful leadership.

Message from Boshoff Grobler on September 21, 2025

2025-08-31 Forward Thinking Faith (David Grobler) by CHOOSE LIFE Church

In this thought-provoking discussion, Leon sits with John Grobler and Rudolph Boshoff to tackle the rise of exposure channels, the role of apologetics in defending the faith, and the dangers of cancel culture in the church. Together they confront cult-like practices, unpack grace and eternal security, wrestle with questions of creation and evolution, and even explore the mysteries of Nephilim, UFOs, and interdimensional beings. This is one of the most challenging and eye-opening conversations yet.

Message from Boshoff Grobler on July 27, 2025

 . . . Nic is soos 'n ontdekkingsreisiger en hierdie is net een van die vreemde reise van verwondering waarop sy beelde hom geneem het. Elke beeld het 'n storie.  Oor en oor vertel hy hoe hy die Here se hand, nie net in die oorspronklike inspirasie nie, maar ook in die proses van die maak van 'n betrokke beeld ontdek. Al dikwels sou 'n beeld wat breek of in sy oë aanvanklik misluk, hom na 'n nuwe, beter plek lei . . . nicjgrobler@gmail.com   Kyk uit vir artikel en fotos in Kerkbode Borg 'n bed in een van ons Echo-huise

Heritage of Faith  Ministries International || Witbank    Pastor Christie Grobler Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International  Witbank on.   2025-05-11 Sunday Services - Ps Christi Grobler - WTB For more information: https://hofmi.net/

Message from Boshoff Grobler on May 11, 2025

This is episode 221, 1863, the midst of the Transvaal Civil War. As you heard in episode 220, this was the making of a new president and one who'd take the Trekker Republics into the 20th Century, albeit in the midst of the Anglo-Boer War. There had been a rapid and real effect — as the farmers took up arms against each other, the Transvaal's economy collapsed. This weakened the government's ability to back up its stated authority. By now the tiny independent States of Lydenburg and Utrecht had joined the Transvaal accepting the authority of the Transvaal. They had been outliers since the trekkers first arrived in those regions, fifteen years earlier. To recap - In 1859, Transvaal President, Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, was invited to stand for President in the Orange Free State, many burghers there now wanted to unify with the Transvaal. They were mainly worried about how to deal with King Moshoeshoe of the Basotho. The Transvaal constitution that he had just enacted made it illegal to hold office abroad, still Pretorius won the Transvaal election, then Volksraad attempted to side-step the constitutional problems by granting Pretorius half-a-year of leave. They hoped some kind of solution would be found — Pretorius left for Bloemfontein and appointed Johannes Hermanus Grobler to be acting president in his absence. Up stepped Stephanus Schoeman from the Marico region who unsuccessfully attempted to use force to supplant Johannes Grobler as acting president. Schoeman believed that the presidency should have been granted to him as the new Transvaal constitution stipulated that in the case of the president's dismissal or death, the presidency should be granted to the oldest member of the Executive Council. Schoeman was three years older than Grobler. Forward fast to 1863, Kruger had defeated Schoeman at a skirmish outside Potchefstroom. He had also managed to convince some of the supporters of rebel in the Heidelberg district to switch sides, and had ridden back to Pretoria with a local farmer of high standing, Jan Marais. There a council of war determined that rebels like Schoeman were taking advantage of a disagreement between the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The two fledgling Boer Republics could not agree on where the boundary lay between them. Transvaal President Van Rensburg duly assigned Kruger the duty of riding to the Free State to settle the question of the border - and he left almost immediately, taking a group of burghers with him as security. Further West, the Marico district was a hotbed of rebel activity and the commandant there, Jan Viljoen, heard about Kruger's mission and organised a commando. On the way to Potch, a spy warned Kruger about what awaited. He changed course, and set off with a small detachment to confront Viljoen while Kruger's 2 IC, Veld kornet Sarel Eloff dashed forward to seize a nearby kopje - the all important high ground. Viljoen is so happened, was also on his way to the very same kopje. One of the aspects of this conflict which is interesting is how Kruger used his spies or messengers as he called them. They were feeding him information daily, information about what Schoeman and Viljoen were up to. The capacity to recon an enemy was one of the defining strengths of the Boer military system, and would be sharpened constantly over the coming century and a half. Folks, there are remarkable resonances in this apparently distant little civil war. When the Union of South Africa was achieved, Bloemfontein was nominated as the seat of the Supreme Court of the union. Cape Town and Pretoria shared power, parliament in Cape Town, Pretoria the seat of government. The Free State is slap bang in the middle — so they got the Supreme Court. These historical instances reflect a legal and political philosophy that, in the aftermath of internal conflict, prioritising national healing through amnesty can be more beneficial than widespread punitive actions.

This is episode 221, 1863, the midst of the Transvaal Civil War. As you heard in episode 220, this was the making of a new president and one who'd take the Trekker Republics into the 20th Century, albeit in the midst of the Anglo-Boer War. There had been a rapid and real effect — as the farmers took up arms against each other, the Transvaal's economy collapsed. This weakened the government's ability to back up its stated authority. By now the tiny independent States of Lydenburg and Utrecht had joined the Transvaal accepting the authority of the Transvaal. They had been outliers since the trekkers first arrived in those regions, fifteen years earlier. To recap - In 1859, Transvaal President, Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, was invited to stand for President in the Orange Free State, many burghers there now wanted to unify with the Transvaal. They were mainly worried about how to deal with King Moshoeshoe of the Basotho. The Transvaal constitution that he had just enacted made it illegal to hold office abroad, still Pretorius won the Transvaal election, then Volksraad attempted to side-step the constitutional problems by granting Pretorius half-a-year of leave. They hoped some kind of solution would be found — Pretorius left for Bloemfontein and appointed Johannes Hermanus Grobler to be acting president in his absence. Up stepped Stephanus Schoeman from the Marico region who unsuccessfully attempted to use force to supplant Johannes Grobler as acting president. Schoeman believed that the presidency should have been granted to him as the new Transvaal constitution stipulated that in the case of the president's dismissal or death, the presidency should be granted to the oldest member of the Executive Council. Schoeman was three years older than Grobler. Forward fast to 1863, Kruger had defeated Schoeman at a skirmish outside Potchefstroom. He had also managed to convince some of the supporters of rebel in the Heidelberg district to switch sides, and had ridden back to Pretoria with a local farmer of high standing, Jan Marais. There a council of war determined that rebels like Schoeman were taking advantage of a disagreement between the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The two fledgling Boer Republics could not agree on where the boundary lay between them. Transvaal President Van Rensburg duly assigned Kruger the duty of riding to the Free State to settle the question of the border - and he left almost immediately, taking a group of burghers with him as security. Further West, the Marico district was a hotbed of rebel activity and the commandant there, Jan Viljoen, heard about Kruger's mission and organised a commando. On the way to Potch, a spy warned Kruger about what awaited. He changed course, and set off with a small detachment to confront Viljoen while Kruger's 2 IC, Veld kornet Sarel Eloff dashed forward to seize a nearby kopje - the all important high ground. Viljoen is so happened, was also on his way to the very same kopje. One of the aspects of this conflict which is interesting is how Kruger used his spies or messengers as he called them. They were feeding him information daily, information about what Schoeman and Viljoen were up to. The capacity to recon an enemy was one of the defining strengths of the Boer military system, and would be sharpened constantly over the coming century and a half. Folks, there are remarkable resonances in this apparently distant little civil war. When the Union of South Africa was achieved, Bloemfontein was nominated as the seat of the Supreme Court of the union. Cape Town and Pretoria shared power, parliament in Cape Town, Pretoria the seat of government. The Free State is slap bang in the middle — so they got the Supreme Court. These historical instances reflect a legal and political philosophy that, in the aftermath of internal conflict, prioritising national healing through amnesty can be more beneficial than widespread punitive actions.

Pastor John Grobler from Apologetics SA about the character of God.

On this week's episode, Leighton & Eddie are joined by Kirsten Grobler from "The Social Kode." Kirsten, who has been working with Eddie and Leighton for some time now, specializes in helping businesses enhance their social media and marketing strategies. She shares insightful tips on how golf clubs can maximize their social media impact and tell compelling stories to engage their customers.  Leighton also gives a shout out to the Over 35 Golf Tour.  Details below. Later, Eddie chats with Tom Scott, the General Manager of Harpenden Golf Club in Hertfordshire. As a member of the Millennial generation, Tom brings a fresh perspective to golf club management. He opens up about his career journey, how early experiences have shaped his decision-making, and offers valuable advice for anyone looking to break into Golf Club Management. www.golfclubtalk.uk golfclubtalkuk@gmail.com https://www.instagram.com/golfclubtalkuk/   https://www.harpendengolfclub.co.uk/www.harpenden   https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-social-kode/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/kirsten-grobler-36683219b/   https://o35tour.com/    

Altesaam 49 inskrywings van oral in die wêreld is ontvang vir die Capricorn-stigting se kompetisie om oplossings vir droogte- en energiegeteisterde streke in Namibië te vind. Die Just Transition to the Future Water-Energy Nexus Open Innovation Challenge word in samewerking met internasionale vennote aangebied. Inskrywings is van so ver as Kambodja, Moldawië, Turkye, Indië en verskeie Afrika-lande ontvang. Dr. Rikus Grober, die hoof van innovering by die Capricorn-groep, sê dit is opwindend om soveel verskillende en kreatiewe voorstelle vir oplossings te sien. Kosmos 94.1 Nuus het met Grobler gesels:

Trade compliance expert Kyle Grobler breaks down how these changes will impact global businesses, supply chains, and international trade strategies. Learn critical insights to protect your company's bottom line in this must-watch trade update. Main Takeaways: 25% tariffs on steel, aluminum, and EU goods Potential impact on global supply chains Strategies for trade compliance EU-US trade tensions escalating #TradeTips #GlobalTrade #TradeCompliance #InternationalBusiness #TrumpTariffs Connect with EU trade expert Kyle Grobler: https://ie.linkedin.com/in/kylegrobler  Stay ahead of the game, get the credits you need and education you deserve: https://globaltrainingcenter.com/courses/  Connect with Simply Trade Podcast: - Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdmyGU5foKm4aFlpo7Oms4g?sub_confirmation=1 - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/simply-trade-podcast/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/SimplyTradePod - Website: https://globaltrainingcenter.com/simply-trade-podcast/   Contact Us/ Suggest Topics Contact SimplyTrade@GlobalTrainingCenter.com   Credits: Host: Annik Sobbing - https://www.linkedin.com/in/annik-sobing-mba-b226251a2/ Co-Producer/Editor: Mara Marquez: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maramarquez85/

Don't let non-compliance derail your global business. Trade compliance expert Kyle Grobler shares insider strategies to navigate the complexities of international trade and avoid devastating penalties. Discover practical tips to build a culture of compliance, audit your processes, and keep your operations running smoothly. Whether you're a seasoned professional or new to the field, this is a must-watch for any business involved in global trade. Connect with Kyle: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kylegrobler/ Connect with Simply Trade Podcast: - Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdmyGU5foKm4aFlpo7Oms4g?sub_confirmation=1 - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/simply-trade-podcast/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/SimplyTradePod - Website: https://globaltrainingcenter.com/simply-trade-podcast/   Contact Us/ Suggest Topics Contact SimplyTrade@GlobalTrainingCenter.com   Credits: Renee Chiuchiarelli - https://www.linkedin.com/in/renee-chiuchiarelli-lcb-ccs-8964a19/ Host/Producer: Lalo Solorzano: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lalosolorzano/ Co-Producer/Editor: Mara Marquez: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maramarquez85/

For this episode, features an in depth interview with Her Grace Sacred Art creator Hettienne Grobler. Grobler is most likely the worlds foremost expert on The Black Madonna and Marian Mysteries. Her Mysteries of Mary and The Mysteries of The Black Madonna decks are now on permanent display as part of the Marian Library collections at the University of Dayton, Ohio. This is Grobler's second interview with The Black Madonna Speaks, where she delves deeper into mysteries of The Black Madonna as well as sharing news on her newest project involving The Red Madonna and Mary Magdalen. You can follow Grobler on Patreon through The Walking with Mary site, https://www.patreon.com/c/walkingwithmary/posts as well as her store at https://hergracesacredart.com/ Itinerary for The Black Madonna Tour of Northern Spain, October 3 - 17 2025 https://blackmadonnaheart.blogspot.com/2024/07/transformative-darkness-recovering.html To receive updates on The Transformative Darkness with the Black Madonna 2025 Tour https://forms.gle/DpmFsv28SxyraM7k7 To make a one time donation of any amount to support the podcast, please donate to https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/BlackMadonnaHeartBecome a Patron for the channel at https://www.patreon.com/TheBlackMadonnaSpeaks To purchase Black Madonna Speaks extra content, please visit https://www.patreon.com/theblackmadonnaspeaks/shop #divinefeminine #sacredfeminine #virginmary #ourlady #blackmadonna #anthroposophy #marymagdalen #magdalen #marianmysteries #mysteriesofmary #spiritualjourney #camino #pilgrimage #mothermary #spirituality --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/stephanie-georgieff/support

Heritage of Faith Ministries International || Witbank  Pastor Christie Grobler Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International Witbank on.  Responding To Our Covenant - Ps Christi Grobler  For more information: https://hofmi.net/ 

Cosatu het die Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank se beslaglegging op 67-miljoen Suid-Afrikaanse rand van Steinhoff se voormalige regshoof, Stéhan Grobler verwelkom. Die 64-jarige staan tereg op aanklagte van rampokkery, bedrog, manipulering van finansiële state en versuim om bedrieglike aktiwiteite aan te meld. Matthew Parks van Cosatu sê dit is 'n stap vorentoe wat lankal gedoen moes gewees het om werkers se geld terug te kry wat tydens die grootste finansiële bedrogspul in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika gesteel is.

Tune in to #HFMBreakfast with Anele and John as they talk to Dr. Lizelle Grobler. Discover how you can perceive your environment beyond just sight by tapping into the latent potential of your mind. "Jy kan jou omgewing waarneem sonder om net op sig staat te maak, deur die latente potensiaal van jou verstand te benut." - Dr. Lizelle Grobler #MindOverMatter #UnlockYourMind #BeyondSight #HelderbergFM #ScienceAndIntuition

Officials in Johannesburg are responding to an incident where a passenger on the Metrobus has been shot. Analysis of GNU talks. The NCOP meets today to discuss the house rules ahead of the election of house chairpersons on Thursday.Graft-accused former Steinhoff executive Stephan Grobler returns to court. The former head of legal for the once-celebrated retailer, Grobler, was arrested earlier this year for fraud, racketeering, and infringement of the Financial Markets Act.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Heritage of Faith Ministries International || Witbank  Pastor Christi Grobler Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International Witbank on.  Crossover Part 40 Wisdom for Instruction and Correction - Ps Christi Grobler - WTB  For more information: https://hofmi.net/ 

Heritage of Faith Ministries International || Witbank  Pastor Christi Grobler Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International Witbank on.  Crossover Part 38 Get Wisdom - Ps Christi Grobler - WTB  For more information: https://hofmi.net/ 

Heritage of Faith Ministries International || Witbank  Pastor Christi Grobler And Pastor Ps John Bendixen Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International Witbank on.  2024-03-30 Saturday Morning Services - Ps Christi Grobler - Ps John Bendixen - WTB  For more information: https://hofmi.net/ 

On this episode Tatjana Lucia is joined by Nicholas Grobler, a Nutritional Therapist and Master's student specialising in healing illness and proactive healthcare. His interest in gut health, gluten-related disorders and autoimmunity have led him on his path of helping others to heal their bodies through a root cause, systems-based approach. In this episode we dive deeply into the Physical Self, how functional medicine can support us in optimising our well-being, the importance of an personalised approach to health care and much more. In this episode you'll hear about: A little more about Nicholas's journey and his mission in the world How the journey of healing his own illness informs his practice The foundational pillars of functional medicine Why the incidence of disease is increasing and how to protect ourselves through being proactive The importance of being your own health advocate Practical tips to live a happier, healthier life How you can connect with Nicholas Grobler: Follow Nicholas on Instagram Additional Resources: Functional medicine doctors to follow: Dr Mark Hyman (good entry into functional medicine) Dr Datis K (Autoimmunity) Dr Michael Ruscio (Gut Health) Link to paper/s talking about the effect on loneliness on mortality and comparing it to smoking : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25910392/ https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf Please feel free to send any questions or suggestions to hello@tatjana-lucia.com and subscribe to this podcast, made with love. You can find Tatjana Lucia on the following platforms. Let's connect and create magic together: Visit Tatjana Lucia's Website Follow Tatjana Lucia's Instagram Follow the Self Health podcast on Instagram Connect with Tatjana on LinkedIn Follow Tatjana Lucia on Facebook Follow The Self Health Podcast on Tiktok

Today I'm joined by Money On Purpose community member, Jan Grobler. Jan shares his story of leaving a 12-year banking career to become a transformational coach, and how healing his money blocks helped him make “way, way more” money as a coach than he was making in his corporate job.Jan explains how learning to understand the subconscious mind helped him to develop more trust in himself and his ability to create his new reality. And he describes how following your passion is like listening to your car's GPS system.We discuss what it really means to love oneself unconditionally, and how accepting every version of yourself is crucial for your own healing. Jan shares his insights on what it takes to create a fulfilling, purposeful life that is in service to others.  I can't wait for you to meet this amazing Force For Good!Resources :Money On Purpose WaitlistJan's websiteJan is also an author! Find his books on Amazon: Get The Hell Out Of Your Own WayGet The Hell Out Of Your Own Way Companion WorkbookThe Power of Happy: Reprogramming Auto-Pilot Mode to Create A Life We Love LivingRecipes for Being: The Power of SevenReady to start manifesting the lifestyle of your dreams? Join my self-study program, Gratitude Practice for Success TODAY and get instant access to my unique and proven manifesting process: JOIN GPS

Heritage of Faith Ministries International || Witbank  Pastor Christi Grobler Preaching at Heritage of Faith Ministries International Witbank on. The Law of Recognition Ps Christi Grobler - WTB  For more information: https://hofmi.net/

Heystek Grobler is an Electronics Engineer and Masters Student affiliated with the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) which is a facility of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory. He Specializes in the field of Digital Signal Processing and has Research Interests in Spectroscopy and Radiometry. Heystek is back to talk with me about blackholes and their potential capabilities as well as what we know so far, some other areas we address is the sun and space travel and some complications with long voyages. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/out-of-the-blank-podcast/support

This episode features Andreea Font and Heystek Grobler and looks deeper into many concepts of space and time. Looking deeper into the formation of the galaxy to the power of dark matter and the future of space habitation. Andreea Font is a Reader at Astrophysics Research Institute (ARI) at Liverpool John Moores University and a member of the Computational Cosmology group at ARI. Andreea's research interests are in the area of formation and evolution of galaxies and on the nature of dark matter. Heystek Grobler is an Electronics Engineer and Masters Student affiliated with the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). He Specializes in the field of Digital Signal Processing and has Research Interests in Spectroscopy and Radiometry. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/out-of-the-blank-podcast/support

Heystek Grobler is an Electronics Engineer and Masters Student affiliated with the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) which is a facility of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), as well as the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). He Specializes in the field of Digital Signal Processing and has Research Interests in Spectroscopy and Radiometry. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/out-of-the-blank-podcast/support

Music can be emotional, transformative, and a powerful tool. Artist use songs to convey a feeling, a memory, or to define a moment. Jean Grobler, the creative force behind the band St Lucia, joins host Mike Pecci on today's episode of In Love with the Process Podcast. The two dig deep into the artists process of building an atmosphere to find inspiration, surrounding yourself with the tools to craft a song, and of course food. Toss on those noise cancelling headphones and fall into the sonic dreamscape that is St Lucia! --------------------------------- ►St Lucia Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stlucia/ ►St Lucia Website: http://www.stlucianewyork.com/ ►Mike Pecci's IG: instagram.com/mikepecci ►ILWP's IG: instagram.com/inlovewiththeprocesspod -------------> Featuring Music by: ►St. Lucia ►Code Elektro ►JAMBOX ------------------ The Episode is Sponsored by ► Meatballs Daily: www.instagram.com/nickpolowy/ ►Puget Systems: https://puget.systems/go/ILWTP ►Jambox www.jambox.io ►Black Magic Design: www.blackmagicdesign.com/ ► Sharegrid: sharegrid.com/ilwp ►Wooden Camera: woodencamera.com/gizella ►Teradek: teradek.com/gizella ►SMALLHD: smallhd.com/gizella

Mystery and fear have always surrounded prison gangs, especially the infamous Numbers gangs. In today's episode we strip away the veil and reveal the truth behind prison gangs in South Africa with the help of criminologist, Dr. Liza Grobler (24-hr trauma helpline 082-821-3447) (Support the show on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/truecrimesa) (Support the show on PayPal https://www.paypal.me/truecrimesa)

Mystery and fear have always surrounded prison gangs, especially the infamous Numbers gangs. In today's episode we strip away the veil and reveal the truth behind prison gangs in South Africa with the help of criminologist, Dr. Liza Grobler (24-hr trauma helpline 082-821-3447) (Support the show on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/truecrimesa) (Support the show on PayPal https://www.paypal.me/truecrimesa) Instagram · Pinterest · Facebook · YouTube · Twitter · LinkedIn

Mystery and fear have always surrounded prison gangs, especially the infamous Numbers gangs. In today's episode we strip away the veil and reveal the truth behind prison gangs in South Africa with the help of criminologist, Dr. Liza Grobler (24-hr trauma helpline 082-821-3447) (Support the show on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/truecrimesa) (Support the show on PayPal https://www.paypal.me/truecrimesa)

Mystery and fear have always surrounded prison gangs, especially the infamous Numbers gangs. In today's episode we strip away the veil and reveal the truth behind prison gangs in South Africa with the help of criminologist, Dr. Liza Grobler (24-hr trauma helpline 082-821-3447) (Support the show on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/truecrimesa) (Support the show on PayPal https://www.paypal.me/truecrimesa) Instagram · Pinterest · Facebook · YouTube · Twitter · LinkedIn

Mystery and fear have always surrounded prison gangs, especially the infamous Numbers gangs. In today's episode we strip away the veil and reveal the truth behind prison gangs in South Africa with the help of criminologist, Dr. Liza Grobler (24-hr trauma helpline 082-821-3447) (Support the show on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/truecrimesa) (Support the show on PayPal https://www.paypal.me/truecrimesa)