Podcasts about hampton institute

This podcast is a collaboration with Stefan Christoff of Free City Radio (https://freecityradio.org/) ======================== Capitalism's sacrifice of humanity: An interview series produced for broadcast on Free City Radio by Stefan Christoff in consultation and collaboration with Max Haiven, for broadcast on Free City Radio. This program is the first in a series of 3 interviews that aim to examine contemporary capitalism as dependent on economic models that necessitate large levels of human sacrifice. These programs are supported by the ReImagining Value Action Lab (RiVAL) at Lakehead University in Ontario, Canada. A series of voices that speak to both the frontlines of struggles that are confronting the realities of colonial capitalism that speaks to the fact that humans are being rendered up for sacrifice to capitalism. Palestine is an example and also the prison industrial complex. On this edition we speak to activist scholar Nick Partyka who works with the Hampton Institute. In this conversation we review some of the main ideas that Nick articulated in an excellent article entitled "Capitalism as a Form of Human Sacrifice: The Comedy of Innocence and The Comedy of Guilt." Read the full article here: www.hamptonthink.org/read/capitalis…omedy-of-guilt Accompanying music is by Anarchist Mountains. Thanks to the Social Justice Centre for supporting my work on this weekly program. Free City Radio is hosted and produced by Stefan @spirodon Christoff and airs on @radiockut 90.3FM at 11am on Wednesdays and @cjlo1690 AM in Tiohti:áke/Montréal on Wednesdays at 8:30am. On @ckuwradio 95.9FM in Winnipeg at 10:30pm on Tuesdays. On @cfrc 101.9FM in Kingston, Ontario at 11:30am on Wednesdays. Also it broadcasts on @cfuv 101.9 FM in Victoria, BC on Wednesdays at 9am and Saturdays at 7am, as well as Met Radio 1280 AM in Toronto at 5:30am on Fridays. Now Free City Radio will also be broadcasting on CKCU FM 93.1 in Ottawa on Tuesdays at 2pm, tune-in!

Capitalism's sacrifice of humanity: An interview series produced for broadcast on Free City Radio by Stefan Christoff in consultation and collaboration with Max Haiven, for broadcast on Free City Radio. This program is the first in a series of 3 interviews that aim to examine contemporary capitalism as dependent on economic models that necessitate large levels of human sacrifice. These programs are supported by the ReImagining Value Action Lab (RiVAL) at Lakehead University in Ontario, Canada. A series of voices that speak to both the frontlines of struggles that are confronting the realities of colonial capitalism that speaks to the fact that humans are being rendered up for sacrifice to capitalism. Palestine is an example and also the prison industrial complex. On this edition we speak to activist scholar Nick Partyka who works with the Hampton Institute. In this conversation we review some of the main ideas that Nick articulated in an excellent article entitled "Capitalism as a Form of Human Sacrifice: The Comedy of Innocence and The Comedy of Guilt." Read the full article here: https://www.hamptonthink.org/read/capitalism-as-a-form-of-human-sacrifice-the-comedy-of-innocence-and-the-comedy-of-guilt Accompanying music is by Anarchist Mountains. Thanks to the Social Justice Centre for supporting my work on this weekly program. Free City Radio is hosted and produced by Stefan @spirodon Christoff and airs on @radiockut 90.3FM at 11am on Wednesdays and @cjlo1690 AM in Tiohti:áke/Montréal on Wednesdays at 8:30am. On @ckuwradio 95.9FM in Winnipeg at 10:30pm on Tuesdays. On @cfrc 101.9FM in Kingston, Ontario at 11:30am on Wednesdays. Also it broadcasts on @cfuv 101.9 FM in Victoria, BC on Wednesdays at 9am and Saturdays at 7am, as well as Met Radio 1280 AM in Toronto at 5:30am on Fridays. Now Free City Radio will also be broadcasting on CKCU FM 93.1 in Ottawa on Tuesdays at 2pm, tune-in!

 Innercityleft.com Support us at patreon.com/innercityleft Follow us on IG @InnerCityLeft   Matthew John is a political commentator, writer, bus driver, and communist meme lord. He created popular Instagram meme page This American Left and co-hosts a podcast of the same name with his sister Hannah. In summer of 2022, he published his first book, “Millennial Marxist,” which is a compilation of political commentary he had written between 2017 and 2021, some of which was published by working-class think tank The Hampton Institute. Follow Matthew on IG @thisamericanleft and Twitter/“X” @matthewjohn666. Buy Matthew's book here Sally Hates Capitalism is a political commentator who is a Marxist-Leninist, anti-imperialist, pro-indigenous, anti-Zionist ethnic Jew. She has previously worked as a public school counselor and currently works as a child & family therapist. Follow Sally @sallyhatescapitalism on IG, @hatescapitalism on Twitter/“X”, and @sallyhatescapitalism2 on TikTok    

AUTO-GENERATED TRANSCRIPT:[ALLEN WEST] Hey greetings everyone. Lieutenant Colonel Allen West here and welcome to the steadfast and loyal show[Music][ALLEN WEST] Hey greetings everyone. Welcome back to the steadfast and loyal podcast You know, I took a little time off to have a little family vacation headed down the port of Aransas, Texas Lovely place. It's gonna grow it's gonna develop on that island Mustang Island, especially down toward the southern end and It was just so much fun to watch my little Jackson Bernard my grandson take his first steps on a beach put his feet into the Gulf of Mexico They hear him turn around and look at me and point and say ocean. I Mean, it's one of those moments that you capture and it kind of brings tears to your eyes Because that's really what my life is all about How do I make sure that? subsequent generations Have better than what I had Because at the age of two, I never got the chance to put my feet into the ocean But I made sure that my daughters had that chance and of course now my grandson and My future grandson who will be coming along in December as well. Yes oldest daughter Aubrey will be delivering another grandson to the West family Spoiler alert his name is Levi Allen and I can't wait until the moment I take Levi Allen on his family vacation and watch him walk out until the surface well. But even though I was on family vacation, I still you know had to keep my ear to what was going on in my country because You always have to be ready to stand up and be you know on that pointy edge of the spear In case you get asked To be aware of what's going on So there were a couple of things that happened while I was on family vacation One of them happened is that we were driving down from Garland, Texas to Port Aransas all of a sudden, you know Little Mr. Hunter Biden shows up at the court in Delaware and this was supposed to be you know, slap happy Yep, it's all done. Nice little, you know misdemeanor now you will slap on a fist. Oops something went really wrong. Now I'm trying to understand this. He's gonna go in and he's gonna plead guilty. He's gonna say that. Yeah, I did this stuff I didn't pay my taxes. I lied on a 4473 background check form but because of the fact that you know It's gonna be not even a real sentence. It's just a you know, a little misdemeanor slap on a hand when West would be doing a perp walk Those things combined. I mean I'd figure at least 10 years It'd be all over the papers. Maybe talking about it on ABC CBS and MSNBC NBC CNN PBS NPR But Hunter Biden no one's talking about it. But the thing is this You're gonna plead guilty going in there You think it's gonna take me about what three five minutes?Then all of a sudden when things unravel because we had someone a judge that was doing their job and Understanding and interpreting the law and exposing something that didn't seem right Now all of a sudden you're gonna enter a plea of not guiltyThis is a head scratcher so as long as the sentence was this misdemeanor and you know You get away with it. You're guilty of it. I mean you say I did it but now all of a sudden when it comes to be that You don't have immunity from future charges...That there is a little bit more that could be out there. Now all of a sudden you're gonna tell us that you're not guilty? So this this I don't know Moral relativism I'm guilty if I don't have any consequences or in ramification I'm not guilty if there are consequences and ramifications Which one is it hunter? Because see everyday Americans out there know that they don't pay their taxes Well, unless you're Al Sharpton, so Hunter Biden and Al Sharpton are in the same boat They don't have to pay taxes. Nothing happens. As a matter of fact, huh, you know Al Sharpton got to visit the White House with Barry Sotero. I think about 75 81 times something like that Now here you got hunter he gets away with whatever and to hear the the the binder, you know Korean John Pierre the White House mouthpiece say that well, he's a he's a private citizen This is this is not something we want to discuss publicly Then don't have him up in the White House Miss John Pierre He is a public figure He's someone that's getting invited to all the little swore ways up the swallow ways up there in the White House. So yeah, he's flying on Air Force One to go over to Ireland and have a little shindig. Air Force One is paid for by the United States taxpayers. So yeah, we want to know we want to hear from you We want to know what the big guy thinks about this. That's why you got to ask the question. So it's gonna be very interesting to see what happens now. I think they got like a month to come back to this judge. Can you imagine now the quote-unquote DOJ prosecutors who were basically sleeping in the same bed and you know You know you lay down with dollars you go get fleas and that's exactly what happened to these DOJ prosecutors Now they got to try to figure out where do we go from here? If the guy has said that he's not guilty to something he was going to plead guilty to he's guilty. And There should be none of this stuff about well, we're gonna get rid of any future investigations. There'll be no future charges. No. You're still gonna be guilty and held accountable for that There has to be consequences and ramifications the American people sick and tired is two-tiered justice system I don't care what the alphabet suit mainstream leftist media says, we're not tolerating this anymore, I don't care whose son you are. And don't give me this stuff about you know, Joe Biden's a compassionate dad. He's concerned about what his son is doing He may have profited and benefited from what his son was doing. So we got to get to the bottom of this But again as I was driving down to Port Aransas I'm thinking how does a guy you know is gonna walk in and he's gonna plead guilty to something But then all of a sudden when he finds out his deal blows up in his face. He's not guilty. I don't know. But we gotta get to the bottom of this and this is not political and Republicans got to understand stop being afraid of the left and just do what's right. Where there is corruption it has to be eradicated has to be eliminated I don't care how high high up how high up it goes Try saying that three times how high up it goes. We're not supposed to tolerate that here in this constitutional Republic We're not The old Soviet Union yet I know that there's a lot of leftists that want us to be that way and they want to create this little Politburo thing where the elitists are there at the top and they can do whatever they want and all of us Serfs down here just worked to serve them that ain't happening on my watch So pay attention what's going to be coming out in a month when little mr. Hunter has to go back into that court in Delaware But the real thing I want to talk about What happened while I was away? I? Mean how many times does Kamala Harris need to stick her foot in her mouth? Before she does not like the taste of her own toes Because once again all of a sudden I guess she wanted to blow up this thing about one little sentence one little sentence in the African American black American black is whatever curriculum standards there in the state of Florida one little sentence and I read that sentence over and over and over the good thing is that I'm a black man that could read that sentence There are a lot of young black boys and girls can't read Yet we're wasting our time on this one little sentence instead of worrying about the fact that Even I think LeBron James your school that you sponsor. I mean you the kids there are not reading a grade level So this whole thing about now of a sudden Ron DeSantis Support slavery and everyone's saying that there were benefits to slavery. I read that sentence over and over and over and over again It ain't about benefits to slavery slavery suck, but what sucks even more is That the people who stood up for the institution of slavery are now trying to act like they have this righteous indignation Over something that they fought to preserve Democrats something that they did not support being abolished Democrats something that they continue to perpetuate the black codes Jim Crow segregation poll taxes literacy tests Ku Klux Klan now all of a sudden they're gonna act like they're upset over one little sentence and they're gonna send out sister girl Kamala Harris Who really has no black experience whatsoever? I mean, I'm saying this as a kid born and raised in the inner city of Atlanta, Georgia and the old fourth Ward neighborhood Who's born a blacks only hospital? I don't think Kamala Harris has ever cooked a pot of hop and johns She's never dipped some cornbread in some potlicker maybe she never even drank a glass of buttermilk Now you say no colonel and I why you want to bring all this stuff up Yeah, because that's part of a black experience, okay But now all of a sudden she's walking around acting like she's the you know, the keeper of the Grail of the black experience I Have never seen her come out and say anything about over the past 50 years over 20 million black babies being Murdered in the womb by dismemberment, but now all of a sudden she's sister girl number one as a matter of fact She continues to our you know support and advance the murdering of unborn babies in the womb that has had an adverse effect on the black community Oh By the way that thing called Planned Parenthood that supports her and that she supports It was founded by a white supremacist and a racist by the name of Margaret Sanger who spoke at Plan rallies referred to blacks as underzirables and human weeds But she's all of a sudden upset about a sentence in the Florida curriculum for black history See this is how the old colonel would have done this and dealt with this in the aftermath of Kamala coming out and speaking out about it. See the bottom line is that the Republicans Republican Party? Party that was established in 1854 on one single issue that was to abolish slavery And of course when the first Republican president was elected those Democrats those folks down thought they went ballistic They decide they were going to succeed But the Republican Party and the 13th and 14th 15th amendments all the things that they did they took the tragedy of slavery and Turned into a triumph For people who that had recently become freed When you look at my ideological mentor Booker T Washington and the things that he wanted to do when you think about all of those Republicans and white philanthropists there were starting institutions of education like Hampton Institute and Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. What were they trying to do? They were trying to turn tragedy into triumph That's all that was happening They were trying to show that in this brutal system that you have survived in this brutal system That we went to war for hundreds of thousands of Americans lost their lives for wounded Now somehow we can turn this around Into something good for you By giving you an education By enabling you to see that the things that you had to do and to toil under Somehow we can turn that into an ability for you to do as Booker T. Washington said education entrepreneurship and self-reliance See once upon a time you had to work hard in these things But Now we can get you to understand how powerful you have because you know how to do things as Booker T Washington called it the ability to be able to do things with your hands to labor to show that you are Valued because of what you know and what you can do. That's what he talked about That's why you had the Negro big business league that was established under his watch And the next thing you know people that were formerly slaves are out buying buildings in places like Harlem That's why he talked about industrial education at Tuskegee Institute so that it wasn't about just going and getting a bunch of book learning it was about getting learning that enabled you to be successful in The economic society in which you live even if it was in the south. That's why they learn how to make bricks That's how they learn how to build buildings That's why it seems to sing all of these different type of things that they were forced to do by Democrats that they were forced to do under this Institution brutal institution of slavery now we can take these things we can provide you with an education We can make you better off so that you can have the education and entrepreneurship and the self-reliance But yet what do we have we have a bunch of chuckleheads out there running their mouths? While the whole time we're forcing blacks into a new type of enslavement Which is economic enslavement and let me read you a quote from Booker T. Washington Which really does describe Kamala Harris and the rest of these you know cackling hens out there that we have there is another class of colored people Who make a business of keeping the troubles the wrongs and the hardships of the Negro race before the public? Having learned that they are able to make a living out of their troubles. They have grown into the settled habit of Advertising their wrongs partly because they want sympathy and partly because it pays Some of these people do not want the Negro to lose his grievances He or her Not made up pronouns male female because they don't want to lose their jobs Because they don't want to lose their jobs I am afraid that there is a certain class of race problem solvers who don't want the patient to get well Because as long as the disease holds out they have not only an easy means to make of living But also an easy medium through which they can make themselves prominent before the public. That's you Kamala Harris. I Have not seen you go to any inner city and talk about the shootings that happened there a Couple weeks ago. They had 37 in Chicago I've not seen you Kamala Harris go in there and talk about the fact that and it's not too far away I mean, you know, you can almost take a metro You can definitely take the the the mark train. I think it is up to Baltimore. You know, you know, you can fly a helicopter Have a you know convoy of SUVs You can go right up to Baltimore Why have you never gone up there and talked about the fact that you have? Black boys and girls not reading and doing math at grade level. Oh, that's right Dog gone at West you forgot The Democrats say that math is racist You agree with that Cami But you're not speaking out about that You're not not speaking out about how the black family has been decimated because of the policies of your party Lyndon Johnson, Grace Society war on poverty What 24 25 percent of black kids have a mother and father in their home When have you ever talked about fatherlessness in the black community? But no, you got to go down to Florida and you got to start reading off the teleprompter Acting like you're upset over one little sentence That one little sentence has nothing to do with us happening in the black community What's happening in the black community is exactly what you are You don't want black people to lose their grievances because you don't want to lose your job You want to keep people riled up about something that is of no consequence And you know, I'm just gonna be honest I'm not gonna get up in arms about it Because I see what is going on in the black community Could have been phrased a little differently. Yeah But there's truth to it That Unfortunately, thanks to the Democrats the brutal institution of slavery did enable some blacks To develop it blacksmithing and other things but It was Republican Vision and philanthropy that first freed them they made them citizens that gave them the opportunity to vote and and to hold Political offices the very first members of the Congressional Black Caucus were all Republican seven gentlemen The very first black Republican Member of Congress was Josiah T. Walls 1873 to 1876 he was a slave. Hey Kamala. Did you know that I? Was the second Byron Donalds you're the third And so Instead of jumping on this leftist bandwagon and supporting them and their propaganda, you know, let's let's hit them let's go on the office and say that how ironic it is that they're up there screaming and yelling about an institution that they Established promoted and continue to advocate for They continue to want to keep people in a slave mentality in the black community. This whole thing about reparations What about an education? Our inner cities are crumbling For yet Kamala Harris is gonna run down there to Florida read a teleprompter Stick her foot in a mile And make herself out to be a fool Which for her happens weekly if not daily And you know, look I'm not criticizing her I'm you know, I don't have a law degree Maybe it's good that I don't I don't have a law degree But I don't I don't get this unrighteous indignation When you look at all the other things that are falling apart in the black community That are really the result of the policy the programs and the ideological agenda of the party of the jackass the Democrat Party I Mean help me out. I mean, you know someone sent send a an email or a text message something, you know, a Facebook post Ex-post, I guess it's not 20 anymore But tell me where I'm wrong. Tell me where the Democrat Party Has advanced the cause of the black community in the United States of America. I Mean NAACP was not even founded by black people. It was for white Intellectual elite progressive socialists Who handed it over to a black intellectual elite progressive socialists who ended up? Chowing down and you know drinking wine with Mao Tse tongue renounced his American citizenship became an avowed communist That's why WV Du Bois that dude ain't my hero. He ain't my mentor But the man who was a slave Who once he became free wanted an education That man's my mentor that man's my hero The man who said nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities as Booker T. Washington And there's a reason why the left does not want to talk to him about him There's a reason why black intellectual elites always want to call him the Uncle Tom to sell out all these things Instead of reading his speech that he gave in Atlanta my birth town They would rather be a black intellectual elite They would rather say that it was an the Atlanta compromise speech Yeah, yeah, I see but he was invited to the White House He was the guy that had a president come and visit Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute He was the man that went out recruited George Watson and Carver He's the reason why we had the triple I mean the 332nd fighter squadron Tuskegee Airmen My godfather William Sticky Jackson was a Tuskegee Airmen Let's see we're not talking about that as far as history We've got a bunch of loudmouth chuckleheads To just talk about one little sentence So what does the colonel stand on this The colonel says that everyone out there ranting and raving about it Y'all just stupid almost stuck on stupid When you see all of the other things that are facing the black community today and you're getting upset over a sentence I Wish we were out there developing more black entrepreneurs Making sure that blacks were more self-reliant economically independent not economically dependent But There's another class of color people who make a business of keeping the troubles the wrongs and the hardships of the Negro race before the public Having learned that they are able to make a living out of their troubles they have grown into the settled habit of advertising their wrongs partly because They want sympathy and partly because it pays some of these people do not want the Negro to lose their grievances Because they do not want to lose their jobs Race hustling This grievance industry pays good don't it Kamala But that's not how we honor The history and the experience of being black in the United States of America We should be talking about how we have strong families They can come together Have a family vacation And take their children and their grandchildren to the Gulf of Mexico And let them put their feet in the ocean for the first time Instead of worrying about a sentence that many black kids cannot even read Steadfast and loyal[MUSIC] This is a public episode. 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These are random teaser snippets from an almost 2 hour long patreon episode! For the full episode - and more exclusive content like this - join our patreon and help support the show:  https://www.patreon.com/RevLeftRadio --------------------------------------- Here is the Hampton Institute article referenced in the episode: https://www.hamptonthink.org/read/cornel-west-the-pitfalls-of-bourgeois-politics-and-forging-a-new-future-among-the-rubble  

Episode 72 featuring Alex On electoral politics, imperialism, organizing with Cincinnati Socialists, and the importance of political education You can read Alex's latest article published by Hampton Institute here: https://www.hamptonthink.org/read/from-atlanta-to-palestine-liberation-by-any-means-necessary?rq=atlanta

I lead off my new episodes for Black History Month 2023 with one of the most glorious voices ever captured on recordings, Dorothy Maynor (03 September 1910 – 19 February 1996), one of the most glorious lyric soprano voices ever captured on recording. Discovered by Serge Koussevitzky in the late 1930s and championed by him and a host of other conductors (including Leopold Stokowski and Eugene Ormandy), she became renowned as a recitalist but, because of restrictions of the era placed upon Black singers, never sang on any operatic stage. Nevertheless, her studio recordings of arias by Mozart, Debussy, and Charpentier are legendary. Our appreciation of Maynor the singer is greatly enhanced by the presence of live radio recordings as well as a recently-issued live 1940 song recital from the Library of Congress. It is one of the great injustices of musical history that gifted Black singers of Maynor's caliber from that era were outrightly denied the opportunity to perform in staged opera performances at venues like the Metropolitan Opera. Dorothy Maynor nonetheless persevered and left an incredible legacy, and not just a vocal one: in 1963, the year of her retirement from singing, she founded the Harlem School of the Arts, for which, before she stepped down as President in 1979, she raised more than $2 million dollars for the construction of a new facility for the institution. She also was the first African American singer to perform at a presidential inaugural (both for Harry S. Truman in 1949 and Dwight D. Eisenhower four years later), as well as the first African American to sit on the Board of Directors of the Metropolitan Opera. This episode features Maynor in live, studio, and radio recordings of repertoire by Bach, Handel, Schubert, and Mendelssohn, as well as some of the finest recordings of spirituals ever made. Also heard are the songs of three Black composers, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Cecil Cohen, and R. Nathaniel Dett, the latter of which Maynor studied with at the Hampton Institute, whose work Maynor frequently programmed on her recitals. The episode opens with a joyous birthday tribute to next week's subject, Martina Arroyo, whose 1974 album of spirituals was backed by the Choir of the Harlem School of the Arts conducted by Maynor herself. Countermelody is a podcast devoted to the glory and the power of the human voice raised in song. Singer and vocal aficionado Daniel Gundlach explores great singers of the past and present focusing in particular on those who are less well-remembered today than they should be. Daniel's lifetime in music as a professional countertenor, pianist, vocal coach, voice teacher, and journalist yields an exciting array of anecdotes, impressions, and “inside stories.” At Countermelody's core is the celebration of great singers of all stripes, their instruments, and the connection they make to the words they sing. By clicking on the following link (https://linktr.ee/CountermelodyPodcast) you can find the dedicated Countermelody website which contains additional content including artist photos and episode setlists. The link will also take you to Countermelody's Patreon page, where you can pledge your monthly support at whatever level you can afford. Bonus episodes available exclusively to Patreon supporters are currently available and further bonus content including interviews and livestreams is planned for the upcoming season.

Many of the problems modern teachers are facing aren't new, so we're going back in time to find out how our education system became a system that teachers are currently fleeing. Come to find out, modern teachers inherited low pay, limited respect, and a system that strips communities of their cultural traditions. In this episode, hear how Indian Boarding Schools and the American Industrial Revolution have left traces on modern education, and how these traces are contributing to teachers' decisions to leave education.   Music:  Theme Song By Julian Saporiti “Sonata No.13 in E Flat Major, Op. 24 No. 1-II. Allegro, Molto, e Vivace” by Daniel Veesey is in the Public Domain. “Railroad's Whisky Co” by Jahzzar is Licensed under a CC BY-SA license. “Ugly Truth” by HoliznaCC0 is in the Public Domain. “Upsurge” by Jonah Dempcy is  a  CC BY-NC license. “Green Lights”  by Jahzzar is licensed under a CC BY-SA license. “Pizz” by Andrew Christopher Smith is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA Transcript: I had a band teacher once hold me after class and force me eat a beef and bean burrito. He sat in front of me on the piano bench to make sure that I ate it. I was a freshman, in the middle of the high school wrestling season, and I was cutting weight for my first varsity tournament – where I'd end up getting my lips knocked off. My teacher, Mr. Duran, was short, wiry, wore jeans with a braided leather belt and a button-down shirt. He had round-framed glasses, combed his hair to the side, and more than once told me to listen to the greats like Chick Webb and not just the white guys that made it on the radio.  He was in his 30th year of teaching, and he was not shy about giving advice. While I ate the burrito, Duran talked about playing baseball in college and how abruptly a life of sports could come to an end but how long a life of music could last. This was mature guidance, albeit, guidance that I see more value in now than I did then. Duran would garnish each class with stories that worked to guide us towards being kind human beings. There were days in Jazz band where he would sit in the center of the tiered room, legs crossed, saxophone neck strap still on, and tell us about his past. When Mr. Duran was in college at the University of Northern Colorado in the 1960s, the Count Basie Orchestra went through town and stopped at the university. UNC was known for its jazz programs and one of Basie's saxophone players dropped out and they needed a replacement. Count Basie was one of the most influential musicians from the Swing Era – he was like a swing minimalist. Duran jumped at the opportunity. He got to travel and play with the band and experience life as a musician – more specifically as a musician of color. One time he and a buddy from the orchestra went into a diner and were refused anything more than water. Duran was Mexican and his friend was Black, and it was the middle of the 1960s. In protest, they sat in the big window of the diner for 3 hours, sipping their water, putting themselves on display for anyone who walked by. I love that story – this man, my teacher, saw inequity and faced it with defiance. Duran's lessons were eye-opening. I didn't realize that those stories served as parables on ethics and kindness until I became a teacher and started telling stories of my own to serve the same ends. Duran used his history to help us become better humans. And isn't that why we turn to history? Well, today, we're going to take a lesson from Duran and examine the history of education in the U.S. And because the history of education is tremendous, we have to narrow it down. So we'll focus on two aspects of history that set precedents for modern education, for the current system from which modern teachers are exiting.. We are going to start with Indian Boarding Schools, and then we'll take a look at the American Industrial Revolution. This is Those Who Can't Teach Anymore, a 7-part podcast series exploring why teachers are leaving education and what can be done to stop the exodus. I'm Charles Fournier. Here is part 2: “Inheritance” Caskey Russell:  I'm going crabbing this weekend. I own a boat with my brothers. And yeah, we go out and catch crab. And there'll be salmon season soon. So I kind of got back into the ocean style lifestyle. This is Caskey Russel. I got to catch up with him over a zoom call this summer. He is the Dean of Fairhaven College at Western Washington University. He grew up in Washington and is from the Tlingit tribe. I know Caskey because he taught for 17 years at the University of Wyoming, he was a dean of American Indian Studies, and he was my thesis chair and educational guide when I was at the university. Some of Caskey's research for his PhD program dug into the history of Indian Education, specifically Indian boarding schools. Caskey Russell: My grandmother and her brothers, aunts and uncles, all went to Chemawa Indian School, in Salem. And it was a mixed bag. If you are asking yourself, wait, who's this Caskey guy and what do Indian Boarding Schools have to do with teachers quitting? Here's how. We know that historical atrocities leave a trace on modern institutions, so we need to recognize that Indian boarding schools have left their mark on modern education. They are a  part of the system of inequity modern teachers have inherited. Indian Boarding Schools are an example of the deculturalization that has occurred in education. One of many. Attempts to strip communities of their cultures happened with just about everyone in this country at some point that didn't fit into the male, able-bodied, straight, white, Anglo Saxon Protestant category. Traces of these inequities remain in education, deculturalization still happens, and teachers working towards inclusion in a system that was based on exclusion often run into roadblocks – think book bans or accusations that teachers are trying to indoctrinate kids - and these roadblocks are pushing teachers out of education. So to better understand the inequities in modern education, this thing that is frustrating teachers to the point of quitting, we need to look at where some of those attempts at deculturalization originated. We need to look at Indian Boarding Schools. And we need to listen to someone like Caskey.  Caskey Russell: They liked the sports. They like some of the music, but my uncle Stanley Pradovic, I remember he said, “I used to dream of feasts, seafood feasts that they had in Alaska.” And  my grandmother was able to keep the Tlingit  language because she didn't go to boarding school, but her brothers did not.  You step back and look at the whole system and how destructive and just kind of the cultural genocide aspect. My grandmother would say she didn't know her brothers because when she was born, her brothers were gone away from her earliest memories. And so she didn't get to know her brothers right away. It did break families up. And I was just chatting with my mom last night. My mom said the other family had no control over what it was determined for them. And again, not having control over that seems to be the key to it, nor having input in the education nor valuing…and then having a different model, different cultural notion of success. And then the military and the Christianization, all that together, just adds problem on top of problem, instead of being empowering and enlightening, that really becomes conforming, sort of thing. What happened to Caskey's family was a result of centuries of efforts to deculturalize tribes. Early European colonizers of the US  set a precedent of trying to assimilate tribes into a single monolithic culture. Colonizers disregarded tribal traditions and languages and failed to see that tribes already valued education for their youth. So the assumption that public education started with Horace Mann in 1837 is an assumption that values eurocentric education over the public education that was already in the Americas.  Part of this is because the purposes of education differed. Many Native communities saw educating children as a means to pass on generational knowledge and teach children how to be a successful part of the community. 17th-century Plymouth settlers specifically saw education and literacy as a method to keep Satan away. Children needed to be able to read so they could read the Bible. A pilgrim minister explained: “[There] is in all children, though no alike, a stubbornness, and stoutness of mind arising from natural pride, which must, in the first place, be broken and beaten down; that so the foundation of their education being laid in humility and tractableness, other virtues may, in their time, be built thereon” (42). But tribes did not beat down their children, did not read the Bible, and were able to survive and thrive in what Pilgrims saw as wilderness. So Pilgrims worked to impose their educational priorities onto tribes as a way to cast out Satan, and ultimately gain control of Indigenous people. This effort to assimilate and control only compounded over the next few centuries By the 19th century, congress was also making efforts to deculturalize and assimilate tribes. Thomas Jefferson who had a big role in the removal of Native Americans from their lands also had a One Nation idea when it came to Native Americans – an assumption that required assimilation through education. In 1816, Jefferson explained the value of education: “Enlighten the people generally and tyranny and oppressions of body and mind will vanish like evil spirits at the dawn of day. Although I do not, with some enthusiasts, believe that the human condition will ever advance to such a state of perfection as that there shall no longer be pain or vice in the world, yet I believe it susceptible of much improvement, and most of all in matters of government and religion; and that the diffusion of knowledge among the people is to be the instrument by which it is to be effected” (101)). Jefferson believed a democratic, not a moral education which was what kids were getting at the time, was essential to democracy and he's right, but his One Nation idea required a monolithic ideal that did not value other cultures. He wanted tribes to conform to his image of being American. This focus on conformity was baked into the American educational philosophy. The Civilization Act of 1819 saw Thomas McKenney, the first head of the Office of Indian Affairs begin a process of Native American deculturization  – they created a tribal school system run by white missionary teachers hoping to gain control of tribes through the power of education and assimilation. When Andrew Jackson became president in 1829, he saw some of the educational progress made by tribes as dangerous to America's goals of gaining control of lands.   So, in 1830, America passed the Indian Removal Act, which brutally uprooted tribes and relocated them. Thirty years later, the Indian Peace Commission began reservation schools or day schools. But again, the cultural genocide that all of these acts and efforts had hoped for weren't as effective as the government Wanted. This is when the government stepped in again. Paired with the Dawes Act of 1877 that worked to split reservation lands into private property began the start of the boarding school movement in 1879. Each step was a process working towards killing cultures in an attempt to control land, people, and ideas – all largely through some form of education. The start of the boarding school experiment can  be attributed to Captain Richard Henry Pratt. Caskey Russell: Pratt actually had a number of prisoners of war under his charge at St. Augustine, Florida. Besides being given military uniforms, they would teach them. And so the way he sold the first  boarding schools was that instead of being at war with natives, you can educate them. The US could educate them, and kind of eradicate native culture through educating towards whiteness. Caskey explained that the thought was that education would help the government avoid the expenses of war. Caskey Russell: So there are a group of Plains Natives that were transported to St. Augustine, that was his kind of first experiment. And then he was able to go to Congress and get some money. And he took them to The Hampton Institute and eventually to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School So Pratt's experiment led to the establishment of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania in 1879. This was around the same time that Pratt made a famous statement to congress: Caskey Russell: He says to Congress, “You have heard Sherman say the only good Indian's a Dead Indian. I would agree with this one kind of difference that you can kill the Indian save the man.” That's what education can do. That's the motto. And so, there was based on military kind of military boarding school style, and they opened up across the country. And they were often religiously affiliated, and religious institutions given  them control of them. Which, you know, was another part of the boarding schools was the religious education, the eradication of tribal cultures, tribal religions, and the inculcation of Christianity, the various sects of Christianity across the country. Each step taken by congress, in the name of education, was an effort to prioritize one culture over others, one idea of success over others - often through religious means, because again, early education was morality based. And they did this through legislation and through educational policy. Even though many of these efforts are pretty old, we still feel the educational effects of prioritizing a single culture or single idea of success.. Elizabeth Smith, a veteran teacher of 20 years who teaches on a reservation still sees this today.  Elizabeth Smith: Even though I can count on my hand, the number of students that I've taught that have graduated and have a white culture, sort of experience with what would be known as success, quote, unquote   Caskey sees this idea in what is tested or valued as a bottom line in public education. These are things that dismiss differentiated cultural values. Caskey Russell: Did the schools reward students let's say for instance, this the schools Wind River  reward students for knowing the traditional clan system,  speaking Arapaho or Shoshone for knowing traditional ways, whether it's kind hunting, traditional use of land, traditional plants respond medicine, knowing being prepare, or being an apprentice for ceremony, none of that none of that culturally important stuff that was really important to Native people, especially young people they could dream of, you know, I'm going to fulfill these goals, these roles, these social roles one day, none of that's important, it seems like an American school system, right? When you're going to take the SAT or the ACT, are they going to value the hours you spent with your grandparents trying to learn the language or learning stories or learning traditional ways? Of course not. This is a part of the inheritance of modern education, something teachers have to grapple with consistently. How can we educate students to be a part of a community that through legislation or policy doesn't seem to value all traditions and cultures within that community? Or how to reach a measure of success that isn't culturally misaligned or based on morality? Caskey Russell:A handful of them might be successful in kind of the white American ideal. But that's not the only measure of success, nor is it maybe a healthy measure of success, right, for Native people. It would be wonderful to let other ideas of success, community success, success as a human being within a community flourish in the school setting. This question of how to honor a diverse spectrum of students lands on teachers in the classroom. Though legislators and school boards may make efforts to dictate what can and can't be taught in the classroom, the reality is it's teachers and administrators who are working with kids – and kids from a wide spectrum of communities who have often been forced into a specific, standardized idea of success, which might not be culturally conscious. This is exactly how Indian boarding schools started, they forced kids from diverse tribes into a standardized idea of success initially using arguments for morality to do so. We recognize this as bad now, so why are forms of it still happening?   A big concern of some of the teachers who have decided to leave teaching was the start of limits and  restrictions about what can and can't be taught in the classroom. Many of these limits originate from argument about morality that are backed by religious groups that want to dictate what is happening in the classroom. Think of Mr. Wacker from last episode who is still frustrated with the banning of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye for moral arguments or Mr. Atkinson who felt his curriculum being squeezed by people who didn't appreciate class conversations about varying cultural perspectives on current events.  And, as we saw with the history of Native American education, this is not new – even though many founding fathers, who were deists themselves, advocated for the separation of church and state and were adamant that education focus on democratic values rather than religious values. John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail:  “I must study Politicks and War that my sons may have liberty to study Mathematicks and Philosophy. My sons ought to study Mathematicks and Philosophy, Geography, natural History, Naval Architecture, navigation, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry, Musick, Architecture, Statuary, Tapestry and Porcelaine.” John Adams does not reference education and say study the Bible. And fellow former president James Madison did not mince words in a letter that pushed against church use of government land, which would later include schools: “The purpose of separation of church and state is to keep forever from these shores the ceaseless strife that has soaked the soil of Europe with blood for centuries.” And these beliefs worked their way into legislation with the inclusion of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment, which Thomas Jefferson said was “A wall of separation between the church and state.” And though we know Jefferson's view of education wasn't very inclusive, if we combine this idea of the separation of church and state with a modern inclusive reading of Jefferson's thoughts that education is to “Educate and inform the whole mass of the people. They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty,” We get a pretty good idea that education is a means to inform a free-thinking, diverse population that has different belief systems.  The founders knew the danger of letting religion seep its way into government - they just broke free of a country that allowed that to happen. So to have a system of education that would inform the whole mass of people without perpetuating the deculturalization we saw with the Indian Boarding schools, which have their origins in religious schooling, that system would need to accommodate the diversity of that mass of people.  This means that teachers would need the trust of the public and  freedom to use their expertise to do their jobs, which would likely include selecting a wide range of materials to accommodate a diverse student population. This freedom and trust is not something being granted to modern teachers. There is currently a trend of parents, legislators, and school board members criticizing teacher efforts to support diverse student needs, often through moral critiques. Which stems from a lack of trust and the same morality based fear that sparked early deculturalization efforts in the United States. So, this isn't new. This is another part of what teachers have inherited from previous generations of educators, a lack of professional respect that translates to a lack of autonomy in the classroom, low pay, and a smattering of other things that are driving teachers from their jobs. Here's Elizabeth again: Elizabeth Smith: And let me clarify, you know, when I say I love teaching, I do love teaching. To say that I love where I'm at right now, no, I do not. I am not satisfied with the way my job is going. I'm not satisfied with the way I feel inside every single day coming home from work. It's like a battlefield. It is intense. It is stressful. My family has noticed it and made comments on it, you know, and I don't have the patience to deal with my own children. And what am I going to do if I don't do this? I've got 20 years of expertise invested in this. And I've spent a lot of time learning how to do the things that I do and I enjoy improving it. As of now, she is planning on staying in education. And all of those 20 years have been spent teaching on reservations. She attributes this in part to why she loves her work so much, why she's planning on staying. There is a different level of respect that she sees in these schools and a higher level of appreciation, which goes a long way. But this doesn't mean that there still isn't a lack of professional trust or respect that she feels from being a teacher.  Elizabeth Smith: There's so much micromanaging and so many expectations that are put on us that are really insulting, actually, to our intelligence and to our professionalism. And I understand that there are teachers who are unaware of the ways that they're doing things are unprofessional and unintelligent. So I get the admin has to make some allowances and come up with some plans for how to deal with teachers that are not as aware of themselves and their skills as they should be, you know, so I understand that but the blanket statements.. To address where these blanket solutions may originate from, we are going to take another look at history through a little different lens than what we've been using so far.  When I asked teachers about what pushed them out of education, they echoed Elizabeth's frustrations. Lack of respect was a major reason people left. But this is not new, like the history of inequity in education, the lack of professional respect has been a thread through public education's history. So we are going to pull on that thread and look at the tradition of not valuing or respecting teachers.   Stephanie Reese: As a teacher, you're going to be marginalized, and you're not going to be taken seriously. Ron Ruckman: I think a lot of administrators, They just don't have any idea there, and they don't really think of us as professionals, you know, they don't really think of us as being able to do our job. Christie Chadwick: As a teacher, we're managing all these expectations. And I think that that's not acknowledged by the general population. Teachers want to be seen as professionals. This came up in interviews in reference to being trusted to make decisions about curriculum, in being more autonomous, and in getting paid better. When thinking about why teachers have inherited a lack of professional respect in the present, it might have to do with the American Industrial Revolution: Colby Gull: We were built on an industrial model. Get them in, stick the widget on him and get him out the other side of the door. Right. And that's just not how humans work. This is Colby Gull, he is the managing director for the Trustees education Initiative in the College of Education at the University of Wyoming. Colby has been a teacher, a coach, a principal, and a superintendent. He's run the educational gamut. And he points out that the structure of education does not necessarily promote the growing and sharing of ideas. Colby Gull: And we live in now the idea economy. And we're still not teaching in the idea economy. We're teaching in the industrial economy where you buying and selling goods. But our economy now is based on ideas and sharing of ideas and debating and discussing, and I don't know, people make a lot of money with their ideas.  And this structure of education, this factory style model, which looks similar to the military approach seen with Indian Boarding Schools, started and gained popularity during the American Industrial Revolution at the end of the 19th century. Along with this more industrial model the precedent for the amount of respect teachers received was set. I see several ways in which history has handed down a dismissive attitude toward teachers.  As Common Schools gained popularity in the mid-19th century, young women were also moving to cities for better economic opportunities. And these women were hired as teachers in droves because they could be paid substantially less than men. This compounded since teaching was seen as respectable employment for women - it matched the stereotype that women were naturally nurturing. Both the image of teachers as nurturers and the trouble with pay is consistent with what we see today.  Here's Stephanie Reese, a former PE teacher who left education and became the general manager of Blacktooth Brewing Company. Stephanie Reese: Absolutely money matters. I was in so much debt. You know, with loans, whether they're student loans, or just credit card, or whatever it is, I had a lot in college, had a lot while I was teaching. and teaching just doesn't give you that opportunity.. And  level increases are a fucking joke. Unless you've been in, you've been in I call it like, like you've been in the pen. You've been in for 34 years, you've given one kidney, you have four degrees, master's degrees, preferably doctorate even better, and you've given up your will to live, and those those things will give you more money. Part of the consistently poor pay has to do with the hierarchical structure in education. After the Civil War, the first iteration of the department of education was created, in order to track what the nation's schools were doing. So there was an expectation for the availability of public schooling. Once the American Industrial Revolution hit towards the end of the 19th century, factory jobs boomed. More people flocked to cities meaning there were more kids and more of a need for teachers. With more men transitioning to better paying factory jobs, even more women were moving to the classroom. The large number of women serving as teachers was accepted at a time when women weren't given many professional opportunities. Administrative roles – principals, superintendents, and the like – were held by men. And many high school positions were still held by men. So a hierarchy that prioritized male control and male decision making was very clearly in place. Mark Perkins, a former teacher and administrator and current parent and professor of Educational Research methods at the University of Wyoming, points out that this hierarchy has remained even if the original gendered reasons for its creation haven't. Mark Perkins:  I think there's a power hierarchy. And I don't think that teachers have been empowered enough to express their professional expertise. I think that teachers are approached as a service industry. And so, we want teachers to parrot curriculums. We want them to be experts in their content, as long as their expertise doesn't contradict with our preconceived notions of reality. So I think there's a sociological phenomenon that goes on in schools.  I think it's a common phenomenon. The system of becoming an administrator in some cases  was once based on seniority. So the most senior teacher would inherit the role of principal. This changed when a degree was required to become a principal or superintendent, which also prevented women from gaining access to these administrative positions by making them require a degree because women weren't often able to access such an education. So these days, some administrators are in the position without having had a tremendous amount of time in education, which can make administrator impact or insight into the classroom difficult. Ron Ruckman, who just left teaching after 23 years, explains that the lack of experience can be glaringly obvious for some administrators who are disconnected from the teachers. Ron Ruckman:  You know, and then there's other administrators that just don't want to have anything to do with your classroom, you know, and they want to make decisions, but they don't want to, they don't communicate with you or ask you things. There's a lot of that especially in rural districts. We've spent so much time and money in this district doing initiatives and buying products. And, you know, I can't imagine how much money we've just wasted, you know, buying stuff that, you know, on, based on a good salesman that convinced somebody that they needed it. Whereas had they come and asked us would have been like, no, no, that that would be a really dumb thing to do. That's not going to work. You know, but there's just that kind of an apt idea that teachers really are, you know, don't really know what they're what, you know, they don't really know anything other than their subject. And we're, we're pretty smart. Most of us, you know. (Beeping) This was perfect timing. That beeping was for a fire. Ron is the Battalion Chief for the Pinedale fire department - he has a lot of roles in his community because he is intelligent and capable and because of not being respected for being intelligent and capable, he quit teaching to pursue the other things he's good at.  Some of the ways teachers are not seen as capable has to do with how education is standardized. In the late 19th century, as cities got larger and more and more kids were put into schools, urban schools started to split students into grade levels. Around this time and into the early 20th century, there was a development of what historian David Tyack (Tie-yak) described as the One Best System of education – this saw a focus on specific, easily assessed, and easily sequenced subjects of study. This also did more to highlight non-academic items like good attendance, behavior, and willingness to follow directions, which all aid in creating people who would fit into an industrial economy. This structure was useful when more and more students were placed into a class. And by the early 20th century, politicians and administrators were seeing schools as being a solution to the nation's woes. Traces of these industrialized values are very present in modern classrooms, and it makes Allison Lash, who taught art in New York City and Austin, Texas, sad at what she sees. Allison Lash: A friend of mine had said one thing about why he's doesn't like education is just that you go to school to learn how to work, basically, to get you ready to go out in the world and work. And that's sad. Like, I just want to live. I don't want to worry about working and how to make money and pay your school loans and your bills. It used to bother me that kids would get rewarded for being in school every day. And it's all about money. It's all about how many kids are in their seats every day for the school district to make money. And it was sad, it was sad that kids would win awards for like, being their everyday awards. Like who really cares? They're totally ignoring mental health and even if the kid is sick, you stay home. It's really sad when you go into elementary school and you see the kids quiet and lined up in a line and like “shhhhh,” and I remember teaching that and  I know that I guess order is not wanted, and I don't know if needed is even the right answer. Teach kids to be a good person. The rise of industry during the American industrial revolution also saw a rise in unions and strikes. Because teachers were mostly women, and many of the strikes of the time were more militant and potentially violent, women were less likely to take part in strikes and efforts to gain better pay. This was not helped by the fact that men held leadership positions in education, so they did not make efforts to better the work environments of teachers because these men just weren't affected. The  National Education Association, which was founded in 1857, wasn't just for teachers, so administrators, men, were also in charge of Union happenings. It wasn't until 1910 when Ella Flagg Young was elected as the NEA president that the union started taking more steps to help teachers. But the difficulty in changing and revising educational structures is still present. Chris Rothfuss, a parent and Wyoming State Senator and member of the Senate Education committee, knows this all too well. While we have a coffee in Laramie, Wyoming, Chris explains that change may require a cultural shift inspired by younger generations .  Chris Rothfuss:  I think a large part of the reason why we develop into what we are really is the way this country industrialized and grew and had a middle-class work ethic through the mid-20th century, that shaped a lot of the way things are done. And the philosophy about why things are done, the way they're done, where there is a common viewpoint that I think is handed down from generation to generation that if you just work hard, put your nose to the grindstone, that you will be successful, and things will go your way, and you'll have a good life. I think part of what's changing that, is that this emerging generation is realizing that while that may have been true, a lot of what allowed that to be true, was frankly, taking on debt that is generational debt and handing that debt down to the next generation. So effectively exploiting the future for the benefit of the present. This younger generation isn't enthused about that as they're learning more about it, and rightly so. And they don't see a path to a traditional life as being what they aspire to. A potential reason for major shifts not having occurred in the past might have to do with economic uncertainties. For every economic depression and war to occur in the 20th century, money was pulled from education to help the war or economic problems, but that money was not necessarily given back to education. Teacher pay was often cut when other unionized jobs like factory work was not cut because there was an assumption that teachers, being mostly women, would not need to support their families. During WWII, when more women went to work in factories, those women who were still teaching saw how much better the pay was for the women who went to work in factories. The impact of war and economic troubles also resulted in  a more factory-like structure in the classroom. This was often a result of trying to accommodate a larger student population with less resources, and it was also an easier way to measure student achievement. This created an educational structure that overwhelms teachers, which makes best practices more difficult and stretches teachers thin. Molly Waterworth, who just left teaching this year after 8 years in the classroom, explains the reality of being overwhelmed as a teacher.   Molly Waterworth:  The reality is that if you have 150 kids, there's no way that you're going to grade all of their work in seven and a half hours that you have with them during the day. There's no way. It's just a mathematical impossibility.  The truth is, teachers have inherited being paid poorly, being overworked, and not being treated with respect. Sadly, much of this is associated with the trend of women in the profession within a patriarchal society. And the teaching profession is still dominated by women. The NEA reports that about 3 quarters of teachers are women, and teachers still get payed about 74% of what equivalent degreed professions earn.  So, teachers are leaving education, but the reasons they are leaving are a result of problems that have been percolating since the start of public education in the United States. Efforts at deculturalization seen with the Indian Boarding Schools have left an impact and pattern on modern education, just like the treatment of women and industrialization of education has left an impact on how teachers are currently treated.  This does not mean that public education needs to end, but like any inheritance, we need to acknowledge and deal with the problems. We need to see that there have been attempts to address inequity in education with efforts like Brown v Board in 1954, Title IX in 1972,  and the disabilities act of 1975. But continuing to return to a standardized, one-size-fits-all approach that matches an industrial structure of education just does not work – it doesn't value teacher expertise, nor does it meet the students with unique cultural backgrounds or needs where they are. And because teachers have been tasked with addressing these inequities with limited freedom and trust and resources, many are calling it quits. This needs to change – teachers need to be able to disclaim this inheritance for their sake and for the sake of their students.  Next time, we will look at how the perception of teachers might be influenced by pop-culture.  TEASE: “Robin Williams isn't going to do that.” That will be next time on Those Who Can't Teach Anymore. Thank you for listening. Be sure to subscribe to our podcast, leave a review, and share episodes with everyone you can think of. This episode was produced by me, Charles Fournier. It was edited by Melodie Edwards. Other editing help came from Noa Greenspan, Sarah-Ann Leverette, and Tennesee Watson. Voice Acting by Rory Mack, David Whisker, Rick Simineo, and Markus Viney who also offered editing help. Our theme song is by Julian Saporiti. All other music can be found on our website. A special thanks to Elizabeth Smith, Caskey Russell, Stephanie Reese, Ron Ruckman, Molly Waterworth, Christy Chadwick, Colby Gull, Mark Perkins, and Allison Lash for taking time to sit down and chat with me. This dive into history was greatly aided by two books: American Education: A History by Wayne J. Urban and Jennings L. Wagoner, Jr. and Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality: A Brief History of the Education of Dominated Cultures in the United States by Joel Spring……This podcast is funded in part by the Fund for Teachers Fellowship.

Tune in every other Monday for a new episode of #MantleMondays with host: Bishop Travell Travis, Esq. as he interviews entrepreneurs, pastors, authors, and leaders sharing their career, entrepreneurial, and ministerial journeys. Learn more: www.travelltravis.com Purchase books authored by Bishop Travis: "Don't Eat the Baby: The Characteristics of Cannibalistic Church" and "Where Will the Mantle Fall: A Biblical and Legal Guide to Succession Planning" #mantles #leadership #succession #entrepreneurship #pastors #mantles #cannibalisticchurch #wherewillthemantlefall Alphonzo D. Brooks is the youngest of twelve children born to Henry C. and Willie S. Brooks, founders of The Way of the Cross Church of Christ in Washington, D.C. He was reared in the house of the Lord, where he was baptized in the name of Jesus Christ and received the gift of the Holy Ghost. At a young age he was taught the importance of having a servant's heart, and faithfully attended worship services, weekly Bible classes, Sunday school and youth activities, sang with various choirs and groups, and served as an usher. Alphonzo attended the public schools of the District of Columbia, and matriculated in undergraduate studies at the Hampton Institute in Hampton, Virginia, and Virginia Union in Richmond. He later received a Doctorate in Biblical Studies. Demonstrating loyalty to both God and country, he enlisted in the United States Army where he served as a paratrooper. He married the former Miss Helen Price, also of the District of Columbia; and they are the parents of five children – Denice, Clifton (deceased), James (deceased), Jean and Alphonzo, Jr., and have welcomed numerous foster children into their home. In October 1967, Alphonzo accepted God's call to ministry and several years later was ordained an Elder. God increased his borders and in 1972, he was appointed Assistant Pastor. Upon the retirement of then Pastor John L. Brooks in 1978, Elder Brooks was anointed Pastor of the church his father and mother had helped to found. Through the years, Pastor Brooks has held many noteworthy positions in The Way of the Cross Church, International, including President of the National Youth for Christ, Chairman of the National Board of Trustees, and Chairman of the Pastoral Council, and 1st Vice Presiding Bishop. He currently serves as Presiding Bishop of The Way of the Cross Church, International. Pastor Brooks also holds the position titled “The Visionary” of the Apostolic Pentecostal Fellowship since its conception in 2015. In the Nation's capital and around the globe, Bishop Brooks is highly respected and admired for the wisdom God has given him. His ministry has been blessed to flourish, for he is the spiritual father of churches throughout the East Coast, Alaska and the African Continent. He is greatly respected and loved as an under-shepherd whom God has chosen to lead His people and, through the power of the Holy Spirit, he continues to preach and teach the unadulterated, life-transforming gospel of Jesus Christ.

Photos and more here: www.allthroughalens.com   We've cobbled together a fine ass show for you! We'll be talking to Rick Barbosa (IG: @m0untainm0ney), wildland firefighter and photographer. We'll also connect a few of our past stories while telling you about Frances Benjamin Johnston's Hampton Album of black and Native American students in the early 1900s. And then there's Alfred Stiegletz, real life bastard who did some pretty important stuff. And we've got the answering machine, a zine review and… well. Let's see what else we've got.    Rick Barbosa For nearly 20 years, from 2000 to 2018, Rick Barbosa photographed fellow firefighters and wildfires in the American West, all while working the line. We've both been talking to him for years now and are excited to share this conversation with you today. IG: @rick_barbosa_photos IG: @m0untainm0ney Here are some of his photos:   Frances Benjamin Johnston's Hampton Album Frances Benjamin Johnston has been on our radar for awhile now, and when friend of the show, Jaya Bhatt, sent Eric a 1966 edition of her Hampton Album, it sent us on a sleuthy photographic caper with twists and turns and taught us once more that sexual and racial politics in America are incredibly nuanced and complex.  Frances Benjamin Johnston  spent a month and a half at Hampton Institute during December and January of 1899 and 1900. She was accompanied by her mother, who worked as her assistant. Across the six weeks, she exposed 150 8×10 plates and made at least three prints of each, and a set of duplicate negatives.  Here are some of the photos we mention during the episode: The Hampton Album also played with the idea of modernization, and included several “before and after” pages:   The Hampton Album was partially released by MoMA in 1966, and then finally fully released in 2019.   Alfred Fucking Stiegletz We've mentioned Alfred Stieglitz a couple times during the Iomogen Cunningham features, and we'll be mentioning him again later in the episode.  We don't have a huge desire to do a deep dive on the cantankerous fellow, but he probably deserves a bit of a backstory. Zines We reviewed Cautious Emergence by Michael Winston Dales (IG @mdales)   PATREON Thank you to everyone who supports us! Check out our Patreon for bonus episodes, extended interviews, early drops. Tons of stuff! patreon.com/allthroughalens THE CREDITS OF ENDING Music by Last Regiment of Syncopated Drummers Vania: IG, Flickr, Zines Eric: IG, Flickr, Zines, ECN-2 Kits Sara Murphy: IG Charlie: IG, Web; Themselves Press   All Through a Lens: IG, Website, Patreon, Spotify Playlists

Please support our patreon.  For early and ad-free episodes, members-only content, and more.Dan Melo is the author of Borderlines(Zer0 Books, 2021). He is an attorney and social critic who grew up in diverse cultural and political settings.  he was written for in the Hampton Institute, ArcDigital, Areo Magazine, and Merion West. We discuss immigrant activism, the current state of affairs, and the relationship between immigration, economics, and climate change. Abandon all hope ye who subscribe here.   We are affiliated with the Emancipation Network.Crew:Host: C. Derick VarnAudio Producer: Paul Channel Strip  ( @aufhebenkultur )Intro and Outro Music by Bitter Lake.Intro Video Design: Jason MylesLinks and Social Media:twitter: @skepoetFacebookYou can find the additional streams on Youtube Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/varnvlog)

Welcome to The Fourth U Dimension, the official podcast of The Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York. This podcast is managed by the Religious Education team, and exists to help dive deeper into the important questions of our moment. Today's podcast features Devon Bowers. This podcast is a little different than a normal, in that it is a dual channel podcast featuring Devon's work with “A Different Lens” Podcast. Sit down and listen as we take turns interviewing one another. Devon Bowers is a 29 year old independent researcher and writer. He is the Politics/Government Department Chair of the Hampton Institute and runs the Institute's Podcast "A Different Lens." Learn more here: https://www.hamptonthink.org/ Ember Kelley is the Director of Religious Education at Fourth Universalist Society. Learn more about Fourth Universalist at 4thu.org

We are grateful to have had the opportunity to be blessed by our different married guests for this episode which we pray for those who listen will be blessed as well.The first married couple featured in this episode is Brother Walter & Sister Tawana Sabbath, Ph.D.  “We met while Walter was a student at Antioch University Philadelphia. He was a student of my good friend who invited me to help her class to brainstorm for a major project. What I didn't know was that Walter who was coming out of a broken marriage had prayed for a woman in his life that didn't have to love him but could grow to love him. When he saw me, he knew that I was the answer to his prayer. He actually told three female classmates that I would be his next wife. At our wedding three years later those same women told me how ridiculous they told Walter was. He says, ‘I gave God a list of 12 things I wanted in a wife. After we were married I took stock and found that He had given a baker's dozen or 13.'" Brother Walter & Sister Tawana Sabbath, Ph.D. have not only been partners in marriage for thirty-five years but they continue to serve/work together as the co-owners of their business the Walter E. Sabbath, Jr. Funeral Service, www.sabbathcare.com, that has been in business for twenty-eight years.The second married couple featured is Pastor James & Sister Minnie Reid. "Pastor James and sister Minnie met at church in Washington, DC. God orchestrated their paths to cross. Pastor James & Sister Minnie have been married forty-eight years. Sister Minnie spent forty years as an educator. James Reid spent 23 years in retail before becoming a full-time pastor. Sister Minnie received a Master of Science Degree in Education. Pastor James was trained as an Ordained Elder in the United Holy Churches of America as well as a Licensed Elder in the International Fellowship of Pastors and Ministers for 10 years. They have served over fifty years to the church in different areas which they continue to conduct weekly Prayer Meetings and yearly conferences, coaching couples before, during, and after marriage especially at marriage retreats and one-on-one sessions as well as serve as pastors of Launch Deep Ministries, Inc. in Clinton, MD for the past 28 years. They are retired and are proud parents and grandparents.” The last married couple featured is Rev. Dr. George B. & Sister G. Patricia “Pat” Moody. “We met at Hampton Institute, in 1960 as freshmen. We first married in 1965 but divorced in 1980, started dating again in 2000, and re-married in 2009! God truly works in mysterious ways. I had never planned on marrying again, and not marrying my first husband again!! But God!! We pray every day to maintain our marriage, it is a work in progress. Do pray for us. We want couples to persevere, don't give up-let God guide your steps and lead you as you strengthen your relationship every day. Sister G. Patricia “Pat” Moody received a Bachelor's degree in Business Education in 1964 from Hampton Institute, (VA) now it is Hampton University. Rev. Dr. George B. Moody graduated from Hampton University in 1965 with his Bachelor's degree. He received his Master of Divinity degree from Temple University and a Doctorate of Ministry from Howard University. Dr. Moody worked for over 25 years in United Methodist churches in Maryland and Delaware retiring in 2014. Now in 2021, he works as a part-time minister at Ezion-Mt. Carmel UMC in Wilmington, DE.”Feel free to check out our website https://jeffersons.love/ in honor of our anniversary to God be the glory! Please feel free to email Solomon & Jamila Jefferson at info@itsnothowyoustartbuthowyoufinish.com for comments, questions, etc.   

We are grateful to have had the opportunity to be blessed by our different married guests for this episode which we pray for those who listen will be blessed as well.The first married couple featured in this episode is Brother Walter & Sister Tawana Sabbath, Ph.D.  “We met while Walter was a student at Antioch University Philadelphia. He was a student of my good friend who invited me to help her class to brainstorm for a major project. What I didn't know was that Walter who was coming out of a broken marriage had prayed for a woman in his life that didn't have to love him but could grow to love him. When he saw me, he knew that I was the answer to his prayer. He actually told three female classmates that I would be his next wife. At our wedding three years later those same women told me how ridiculous they told Walter was. He says, ‘I gave God a list of 12 things I wanted in a wife. After we were married I took stock and found that He had given a baker's dozen or 13.'" Brother Walter & Sister Tawana Sabbath, Ph.D. have not only been partners in marriage for thirty-five years but they continue to serve/work together as the co-owners of their business the Walter E. Sabbath, Jr. Funeral Service, www.sabbathcare.com, that has been in business for twenty-eight years.The second married couple featured is Pastor James & Sister Minnie Reid. "Pastor James and sister Minnie met at church in Washington, DC. God orchestrated their paths to cross. Pastor James & Sister Minnie have been married forty-eight years. Sister Minnie spent forty years as an educator. James Reid spent 23 years in retail before becoming a full-time pastor. Sister Minnie received a Master of Science Degree in Education. Pastor James was trained as an Ordained Elder in the United Holy Churches of America as well as a Licensed Elder in the International Fellowship of Pastors and Ministers for 10 years. They have served over fifty years to the church in different areas which they continue to conduct weekly Prayer Meetings and yearly conferences, coaching couples before, during, and after marriage especially at marriage retreats and one-on-one sessions as well as serve as pastors of Launch Deep Ministries, Inc. in Clinton, MD for the past 28 years. They are retired and are proud parents and grandparents.” The last married couple featured is Rev. Dr. George B. & Sister G. Patricia “Pat” Moody. “We met at Hampton Institute, in 1960 as freshmen. We first married in 1965 but divorced in 1980, started dating again in 2000, and re-married in 2009! God truly works in mysterious ways. I had never planned on marrying again, and not marrying my first husband again!! But God!! We pray every day to maintain our marriage, it is a work in progress. Do pray for us. We want couples to persevere, don't give up-let God guide your steps and lead you as you strengthen your relationship every day. Sister G. Patricia “Pat” Moody received a Bachelor's degree in Business Education in 1964 from Hampton Institute, (VA) now it is Hampton University. Rev. Dr. George B. Moody graduated from Hampton University in 1965 with his Bachelor's degree. He received his Master of Divinity degree from Temple University and a Doctorate of Ministry from Howard University. Dr. Moody worked for over 25 years in United Methodist churches in Maryland and Delaware retiring in 2014. Now in 2021, he works as a part-time minister at Ezion-Mt. Carmel UMC in Wilmington, DE.”Full episode scheduled to be released Friday, June 18, 2021. Please feel free to email Solomon & Jamila Jefferson at info@itsnothowyoustartbuthowyoufinish.com for comments, questions, etc.   

In this episode, listen in as our hosts talk with Devon Bowers, a founding member and contributing editor at the Hampton Institute, and host of Hampton's own podcast, A Different Lens. Devon talks with us about the Institute, about the import of audio and sound to working class struggles, and about his writing. With music by Kazi tha Blak, P.O.S., and Sole, as well as the Wu-Tang Clan.You can find Hampton's podcast,  A Different Lens, right here: https://adifferentlens.libsyn.com

As we continue to see police violence throughout the country, Maria and Julio reimagine community safety with guests Victoria Law, freelance journalist and author of the new book, “Prisons Make Us Safe: and 20 Other Myths About Mass Incarceration,” and Joshua Briond, abolitionist and co-host of the “Millennials Are Killing Capitalism” podcast. They discuss abolition, resistance and what justice and liberation can look like. ITT Staff Picks: “Historically, police have surveilled, repressed and infiltrated individuals, organizations, and political parties that they have deemed ideological enemies because their interests represent a legitimate threat to the capitalist white supremacist status quo,” Joshua writes in this article for the Hampton Institute.In an interview for The Nation, organizer Mariame Kaba illustrates a collective vision of abolition discussing her new book, “We Do This ’Til We Free Us”.Listen to this past ITT episode about abolition with Charlene Carruthers, founding member of Black Youth Project 100, and Ejeris Dixon, director of Vision Change Win.Photo credit: AP Photo/Ted S. Warren See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Today's episode is with Ms. Ruth Carter. Ms. Carter is an Oscar award-winning American costume designer, for film and television, with over 40 films to her credit. During her near 30 year film career, she has worked with some of the top directors in Hollywood including Spike Lee, Lee Daniels, Reggie Hudlin, Steven Spielberg and Ryan Cooglar. Ms. Carter has earned three nominations for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design for her work on Spike Lee's biographical film Malcolm X (1992), Steven Spielberg's historical drama film Amistad (1997), and Ryan Coogler's superhero film Black Panther (2018), for which she was awarded the Oscar for Best Costume Design at the 91st Academy Awards. She is the first black woman to win the Oscar for Best Costume Design. She also received an Emmy nomination for her work on the 2016 reboot, “Roots.” Ms. Carter is a 1982 graduate of Hampton Institute, currently known as Hampton University, with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Theatre Arts. She also served as the keynote speaker at Hampton University's 148th Commencement Ceremony in 2018. In this interview, Ms. Carter discuss her time at Hampton University, as well as her time working in the entertainment industry. Thanks for tuning in and remember to rate, share, and subscribe! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehbcuexperience/support

In this episode, we talk with Troy A. Smith about his recent article in History of Education Quarterly. Free read-only link to article: "Not Just the Raising of Money: Hampton Institute and Relationship Fundraising, 1893–1917," History of Education Quarterly, February 2021. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-of-education-quarterly/article/not-just-the-raising-of-money-hampton-institute-and-relationship-fundraising-18931917/4C330C026DD3A51B1DEC97756B22C41E/share/4dc88d46c5ccb87ff20a396935fa0008f348fdab Transcript: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/607e86340e8fa20b73dd6a6a/HEQA.Transcript.2021-04-08.pdf

In this episode of the Armchair Scholars Podcast, Brendan and Nic sit down with Dr. Jeremy Cloward, PhD. Jeremy Cloward, PhD is a political science professor and author living and working in the San Francisco Bay Area. He has taught at the junior college and university level for the past 14 years and is the author of three books and multiple articles that have been published in the Oakland Post, the Hampton Institute, Socialist Worker, Project Censored, and the East Bay Times. Some of the topics we discuss the potential strategies for reappropriating funds in the federal budget, some of the issues with the current political landscape, and he shares his opinion on how it could be improved. If you'd like to know more about Jeremy Cloward, PhD, check out his website! https://www.jeremycloward.org/ Stop by "Office Hours" to hear Brendan and Nic dive deeper into topics discussed on today's episode that they want to know more about, which will be posted 1 week following the upload of this video. Be sure to check us out on all social media platforms @armchairscholars for future episodes and more!

Today we have a lengthy roundtable discussing the idea of socialism as it relates to the United States, electoral politics, and Bernie Sanders' impact on socialism and the American left. On the roundtable we have: Dr. Bryant William Sculos, who is currently a Visiting Assistant Professor at Worcester State University and media curator of Lefthooked Project with the Hampton Institute. Hampton's own Labor Issues Chair, Dr. Nick Partyka. Writer and activist Lark Lo. Activist Desirae.

Today we chat with Brian D Powers, host of the podcast New Jersey Revolution Radio where we discuss his political awakening, the origins of the NJRR, and why he focuses specifically on New Jersey. There is also a video of this interview on the Hampton Institute's Youtube page: https://youtu.be/uYodoGb5B_c

This is the audio of an interview Hampton Institute's Politics/Government Department Chair, Devon Bowers, did with New Jersey Revolution Radio founder Brian D. Powers (https://tinyurl.com/y7w7w4be), where he discusses how he came into political consciousness, writing, researching, and his involvement with the Hampton Institute as well as what the Hampton Institute is about.

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of social dynamic. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred A., and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Islam Is Mathematics and Mathematics Is Islam and can be proven in NO LIMIT OF TIME. Allah/God The Master Scientist. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Today we sit down with two musicians, Verbz, a rapper, and Matt Lohan, respectively, to discuss music and art generally. We also chat with writer Cassandra as writing relates to art. Please note that Part 2 is a written portion, which can be seen on the Hampton Institute website.

Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of his mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 10 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook.  

Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook.

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook. 

Hosted By: Harold Muhammad Harold, an eclectic and voracious reader, began his venture in the world of the written word as a child of 2 years.  Scraps of paper, candy wrappers, dictionary's right through the entire encyclopedia Britannica. Yet Harold was driven to books of the sciences. Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, he met them all with great wonder and fascination. He delved into each discipline as if his very life depended upon understanding its depth. It was not until the words of The Hon. Elijah Muhammad that the essence and understanding of the sciences began to have true purpose and meaning. He said, "all there is to know is written in a book, read". Harold began his collegiate pursuit at Hampton Institute; he then forayed to Fairleigh Dickenson University. At FDU the practice of the Social Sciences, public activism, and public speaking became a trusted part of mental fabric. Harold is the husband to Celestine Muhammad, and the father of 10 extraordinary children, and 8 grandchildren. Harold has the benefit of having the most exceptional and wondrous teachers to whom he owes all that he has learned, will learn and knows to this very day, The Most  Hon. Elijah Muhammad, the Hon. Min. Louis Farrakhan, his Father Alfred Eatman, and his Grandfather  the Late Captain, Harold D. Hook.