Podcasts about during wwii

Before the Fed existed, J.P. Morgan literally had to bail out the banking system. That's when the U.S. realized depending on wealthy individuals to prevent financial collapse wasn't sustainable—and the Federal Reserve was born.In this episode, I (Jessie!) try to wrap my head around how the Fed went from an emergency backstop in 1913 to one of the most powerful institutions in the world. Jess helps me trace the Fed's messy glow-up: from freezing during the Great Depression to gaining real tools and some independence after World War II.Here's what we learned:The Fed wasn't created to run the economy—it was just supposed to stop bank panics.It failed hard in the 1930s, so Congress gave it more power and structure.During WWII, it worked closely with the Treasury, but inflation forced a breakup in 1951. That split gave us the independent Fed we have today—aka the one that's not supposed to take political orders.It turns out, Fed independence isn't just some finance nerd hill to die on—it's what helps protect the entire economy from political chaos.If you're like me and thought, “Wait, the Fed didn't always manage the economy?”—this episode is for you. And yes, we've got more Fed deep dives coming. Because wow… there's a lot more to unpack.------------------------------------------------

During WWII, Maryknoll Sisters survived as best they could.

Ep 135: May 22, 2025 - Part 1: Col. Corso's description of an alien body he saw and his Pentagon UFO work. U. S. Army Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso served from February 23, 1942, to March 1, 1963. During WWII, Col. Corso became Chief of the Army's Counter-Intelligence Corps in Rome. By 1961, Col. Corso was appointed Chief of the Army's Foreign Technology Division working for General Arthur Trudeau in the Pentagon. Gen. Trudeau was picked by President and General Dwight Eisenhower to be the Army's first Director of Research and Development. Col. Corso's job was to SECRETLY get mysterious materials and technologies retrieved from 1947 UFO crashes in the Roswell and Magdalena regions of New Mexico to scientists in top American corporations such as IBM, Bell Labs and Dow Corning to back-engineer for military and commercial applications. ==== NEW PRINTINGS NOW AVAILABLE: Glimpses of Other Realities, Vol. 1: Fact & Eye Witnesses   Now available on Amazon: https://earthfiles.com/glimpses1  Glimpses of Other Realities, Vol. 2: High Strangeness   Now available on Amazon: https://earthfiles.com/glimpses2 ==== — For more incredible science stories, Real X-Files, environmental stories and so much more. Please visit my site https://www.earthfiles.com — Be sure to subscribe to this Earthfiles Channel the official channel for Linda Moulton Howe https://www.youtube.com/user/Earthfiles — To stay up to date on everything Earthfiles, follow me on FaceBook@EarthfilesNews and Twitter @Earthfiles.  To purchase books and merchandise from Linda Moulton Howe, be sure to only shop at my official Earthfiles store at https://www.earthfiles.com/earthfiles-shop/ — Countdown Clock Piano Music:  Ashot Danielyan, Composer:  https://www.pond5.com/stock-music/100990900/emotional-piano-melancholic-drama.html

History's Hook explores the life of Mrs. Imogene Nelson.  Raised in Maury County, Mrs. Nelson grew up in Columbia in the 1930's and 1940's.  During WWII, three of her brothers served in the military, one of them, Shannon, a pilot, died when his plane crashed in Upstate NY.  Mrs. Nelson graduated from Columbia Central before entering the Women's Army Corps.  She was stationed in Germany during the time of the Korean War.  Today she is going to tell us about growing up in Columbia, her experiences in the military, and her thoughts on life today.

During WWII, the government created the National War Labor Board to regulate labor and control inflation. Instead, says Bryant Etheridge, the Southern regional board raised wages for the lowest earners. And: The Black Panther Party famously advocated for Black revolutionaries to arm themselves for self-defence. Edward Onaci explores the long history of Black revolutionary movements for self-defense. Later in the show: For a brief moment in time after Reconstruction, a biracial coalition called The Readjuster Party took power in Virginia. Sheren Sanders tells the story of how Black republicans, white working class Virginians, former Confederates, and Democrats, all came together to readjust Virginia's debt and give those funds back to the people. Plus: For some, Barack Obama's presidency is evidence that the Civil Rights movement succeeded. How did Black voters see him at the time? Athena King explores how Black movement leaders supported Obama and where they challenged him.

During WWII, the Soviet Union learned of the great advances made by Nazi Germany in developing powerful aerospace technologies with the help of extraterrestrials, and how German nationalists and secret societies established a breakaway colony in Antarctica. The Soviets also learned that the Germans had discovered that psychic abilities were a major factor in finding, developing, and using advanced non-human technologies. Consequently, the Soviets began their own highly successful initiative to gain access to non-human technologies, trained a highly developed elite Psychic Corps (aka Psi-Corps), and secretly collaborated with the US in monitoring and countering the threat posed by the Antarctic Germans highly secretive space program.Today, Russia's well established secret space program continues development with non-human intelligence and utilizes its enigmatic Psi-Corps to assist in on-planet and off-planet operations. In addition, Russia is collaborating with the US in investigating and exploiting the technologies found in ancient space arks found in our solar system. In his next webinar, Dr Michael Salla will examine the origins, history, and capabilities of Russia's SSP and what it means today for coming events.0:00:00:00 0:12:07:14 marker 10:29:30:02 Marker 20:46:16:23 Marker 31:08:49:08 Marker 4

  Request a FREE copy of the Garrison Files from Len. Email Len . Read Paul's latest article on Kennedys and King, Cuba 1960 and Lansdale's Playbook Revisit Paul's article from 2016 The JFK Assassination According to the History Textbooks - Part 1 Listen to Col. Fletcher Prouty discuss details regarding JFK's assassination Watch here. Edward Lansdale in Dealy Plaza on 11/22/63? Watch 50 Reasons for 50 Years - Episode 18 Purchase the "Collected Works of Col. L. Fletcher Prouty" - direct download". Available Here. Len & Paul reflect on how they first started to communicate & their meeting in Quebec City. Len thanks Paul for going through the Garrison Files & expanding on Garrison's investigations. Paul Abbott from Australia has created a Master Index to accompany the Garrison Files. Paul will always cherish his time in Quebec City visiting with Oliver Stone, Jim DiEugenio & Len. Watch Oliver Stone's documentary "JFK Revisited: Through The Looking Glass". Watch Here. Researching on the Mary Ferrell site, Paul discovered a significant letter from 1960. Read more. Explicit information in the letter is regarding the removal of Castro from power in Cuba. As early as 1960, Lansdale was influencing in the dirty tricks category in respects to Cuba. Tactics like manipulation of information, planting false evidence, setting up Patsies, blaming people etc.. Ed Lansdale had been involved in Operation Mongoose & was a key figure in Kennedy's assassination. Col. Fletcher Prouty worked with Ed Lansdale, having detailed information about Lansdale's history. Lansdale position in the world of espionage was to aid the French resistance during WWII. During WWII, Lansdale was in the OSS & sent to the Philippines by General Charles Willoughby. Paul Helliwell will be revealed to be money behind the assassination Allen Dulles stated Lansdale was one of his best men, helping to fight off communism in Vietnam. Prior to WWII Lansdale was involved in the advertising world. Advertising is mass psychology. Both David Atlee Phillips & Ed Lansdale were experts in the art of psychological warfare. An advisor to Ramon Magsaysay, Lansdale was given the role by Dulles to fight off the Huks movement. The Huks farmers were rebelling against the forced rural reformation that was taking place in the Philippines. Lansdale later became an advisor to the French in Vietnam. Excom was the Executive Committee that Kennedy organized to help him problem solve during the crisis. Robert Kennedy, CIA's John McCone, JCS members & others were on the board of the Excom Committee. Ed Lansdale's go to person at the CIA was William K. Harvey. Harvey is another key figure in JFK's murder. Policy would be set up, directions sent to SAS, SAS would create plan to follow through with objective. Prouty had been sent to the South Pole escorting VIPS, conveniently out of the way for JFK's murderers. Previously Prouty had been involved in Eissenhower's security when he visited Mexico City. Fletcher Prouty identifies Ed Lansdale in Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963. Listen as Len gives a detailed background of Prouty's timeline before the assassination. Prouty believed Lansdale was involved in Prouty being sent to the South Pole just before the assassination. Was Ed Lansdale captured walking in the photos that were taken of the three tramps in Dealey Plaza? Why would Lansdale be in Dallas? Did anyone ever asked him? No one has thought that Lansdale was a shooter in Dealey Plaza, more of an organizational support person. Prouty was able to remove documents before his retirement by having his secretaries not stamp TOP SECRET. In Prouty's last days, he offered his collection of records & government papers to Len. A small van would have been needed to transport documents, surely to bring attention at the border crossing. Oswald was made to look like he had backing from ...

During WWII, Hitler stole more art than any thief in history—looting entire museums, private collections, and churches to fill his dream museum. While the Nazis ransacked Europe, a secret team of museum curators, art historians, and soldiers—The Monuments Men—risked their lives to track down and recover thousands of stolen masterpieces before they were lost forever.In this episode of Framed, Steph and Joel uncover:

In which the Mister joins me in reviewing CASABLANCA (1942), from writers Julius J Epstein and Howard Koch from the play by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison, the film is directed by Michael Curtiz.  During WWII, in the Moroccan city of Casablanca, nightclub owner Rick Blaine's (Humphrey Bogart) entire world is shaken when the woman (Ingrid Bergman) who broke his heart years ago walks into his club with her husband, Victor (Paul Henreid).  The film clocks in at 1 h and 42 m, is rated PG and is currently streaming on Max but is also available to buy/rent on Prime Video.  Please note there are SPOILERS in this review.#Casablanca  #MichaelCurtiz  #JuliusJEpstein  #HowardKoch  #MurrayBurnett  #JoanAlison  #HumphreyBogart  #Rick  #IngridBergman  #Ilsa  #PaulHenreid  #Victor  #ClaudeRains  #CaptainRenault  #ConradVeidt  #MajorStrasser  #SydneyGreenstreet  #SignorFerrari  #PeterLorre  #Ugarte  #DooleyWilson  #Sam  #SZSakall  #Carl  #Drama  #Romance  #War  @StreamOnMax  @PrimeVideo  #FridayFamilyFilmNightOpening intro music: GOAT by Wayne Jones, courtesy of YouTube Audio Library

During WWII many civilians became resisters, rebels and they would strike at their oppressive governments in any way they could. For some, it will be boycotts, for others, they will choose to pick up weapons. Tyranny should never be allowed an easy victory. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During WWII a perfectly-executed sabotage operation by British Special Operations and the Norwegian Resistance put a dent in the Nazi’s quest for an atomic bomb. Today, it’s unclear how effective it really was, but it’s still a heckuva story!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

  Jack Ruby: A Review and Reassessment - Part 1 Jack Ruby: A Review and Reassessment - Part 2 Jack Ruby: A Review and Reassessment - Part 3 Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties: O'Neill, Tom, Piepenbring, Dan: Order Here Mind Games: The Assassination of John Lennon: Whelan, David: Order Here Len shows his appreciation to Max & other researchers who put out good work. Reading Chaos by Tom O'Neill became inspiration for Max's deep dig into the Jack Ruby case. Max found it highly suspect that the MK ULTRA psychiatrist Louis Jolyon "Jolly" West was involved. When West died, he left thousands of papers that were donated & archived at UCLA. O'Neill was able to view West's documents before they were picked through by UCLA archivists. O'Neill raises the question of MK ULTRA being implemented on Jack Ruby. Was Jack tortured? On a road trip, Max stopped in L.A., spending a day at the UCLA archives to view West's files. Jolly West was performing experiments in the Haight Ashbury during the 'Summer of Love'. Taking 2000+ photos of the documents, Max has been reviewing them over the past couple of years. Jack Ruby has a psychotic break at the same time of West's involvement. Coincidence? Max discovered that West was actually involved in Ruby's case by November 29th, not March 1964! Realizing how significant it was that Jolly West was involved with Ruby, Max pressed on. Len & Max discuss the history & different aspects of MK ULTRA. Len notes that the experiments & participating universities or clinics were funded by Dept. Of Defence. Psychiatrist Bernard Diamond performed experiments on Sirhan Sirhan, hypnotizing him. How could Sirhan Sirhan not remember the events surrounding his involvement in RFK's shooting? Mark David Chapman sat down on the ground & started reading a book after shooting Lennon? Notice how the same doctors are involved in these sensationalist cases, over & over? During WWII the OSS & various armies were experimenting with truth drugs & mind control. Operation Bluebird & Operation Artichoke were the predecessors to MK ULTRA. The mind control programs have not stopped. Note the connections to military You can't count on any governmental agency to do an honest investigation? Governments participate in the planning of these events, the cover ups & neglect to investigate. Oswald's murder was the first televised murder in history. Melvin Belli didn't mention how soon he was involved in Ruby's case! Mere days! Max's intuition & research has lead him to believe Oswald's murder was premeditated. West worked fast from Oklahoma to organize a group of psychiatrists to work on Ruby. Jack hadn't been insane before the shooting of Oswald, or after. He was being manipulated. Tom Howard, Ruby's 1st lawyer was involved in Ruby's case within an hour of Oswald’s shooting. Howard was the first person to public ally state that Ruby wasn't in his right mind.  

During WWII one plane survived more missions than any other in Europe. Named 'Flak-Bait,' this medium bomber was saved from the scrap heap after the war and immediately donated to the Smithsonian. However, public display and outdated restoration techniques have taken a toll on the plane. We're taking you inside our restoration hanger to learn all about how the Museum's conservators are reversing damage and conserving Flak-Bait so visitors can learn about her contributions for many years to come.Thanks to our guests in this episode: Lauren Horelick - Object Conservator, National Air and Space Museum. Head conservator working on Flak-Bait  Dr. Jeremy Kinney - Associate Director of Research, Collections, and Curatorial Affairs, National Air and Space Museum. Curator in charge of Flak-Bait Find the transcript here.Sign up here for the monthly AirSpace newsletter

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1220, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Olde Music 1: Solo piano works by this man include 1846's Opus 60 "Barcarolle" and 17 Polish songs. (Frédéric) Chopin. 2: "Die Zauberflöte" in German, this Mozart opera premiered in 1791, just months before the composer's death. The Magic Flute. 3: Compositions by Bach include "Toccata and" this "in D minor" as well as "The Art of the" this. Fugue. 4: Handel's 5-movement orchestral suite, "Music for the Royal" these, premiered in 1749 and naturally preceded a display. Fireworks. 5: One of Gabriel Faure's most famous pieces is his pavane, a centuries-old dance that gets its name from this Italian "P" city. Padua. Round 2. Category: Anagrammed Food And Drink 1: If you're watching your carbs, eat these plain, not in cakes. crabs (from carbs). 2: Let's shop for this beer ingredient. hops. 3: We all scream for it:MICE CARE. ice cream. 4: When I'm in a slump, these purple fruits perk me up. plums (from slump). 5: I'll dine on this English custard and cake dessert, then let it filter through my body. trifle. Round 3. Category: Overcoming Obstacles 1: Diagnosed with ALS in the '60s and given a few years to live, he lived another 50+ to become one of the greatest scientific minds of all time. Hawking. 2: Joe Biden used to read poetry for hours in front of a mirror to help overcome this speech disorder. a stutter. 3: This Swedish teen activist says of her Asperger's, "I'm sometimes a bit different... and... being different is a superpower". (Greta) Thunberg. 4: Legally deaf, this Oscar-winning actress was instrumental in getting closed captioning on TV and streaming. (Marlee) Matlin. 5: Born without a right hand, he pitched with his left, playing 10 seasons for 4 different MLB teams. Jim Abbott. Round 4. Category: Not Making It To The End Of The Movie 1: Tina Fey said "Gravity" was about how this actor would rather float away and die in space than spend time with a woman his own age. George Clooney. 2: Bad puddy tat! This evil uncle admits fratricide when he whispers, "I killed Mufasa" to Simba. Scar. 3: Gwyneth Paltrow returns to the U.S. from Hong Kong, sickens and dies and this 2011 pandemic thriller is off and running. Contagion. 4: Look how they massacred my boy; James Caan wore 100-plus squibs to pay a heavy price at the tollbooth in this 1972 film. The Godfather. 5: Sometimes, you get older, adamantium in your body poisons you and a clone of your younger self up and kills you, like this 2017 guy. Logan. Round 5. Category: We Invented Stuff 1: By 1881 his Menlo Park home had been set up with a complete electric lighting system. Edison. 2: In 1814 Robert Fulton developed "Fulton the First", the first warship powered by this force. steam. 3: On Feb. 14, 1876 Elisha Gray attempted to file a patent for this invention; however, Bell beat him by hours. the telephone. 4: In 1868 Carlos Glidden and Partners patented this 1st machine that wrote faster than one could write by hand. a typewriter. 5: During WWII, this rocketry pioneer served as director of research for the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics. Goddard. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

Q&A on the Apple TV+ series Masters of the Air with casting director Lucy Bevan. Moderated by Mara Webster, In Creative Company. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters.

History's Hook explores the life of Mrs. Imogene Nelson. Raised in Maury County, Mrs. Nelson grew up in Columbia in the 1930's and 1940's. During WWII, three of her brothers served in the military, one of them, Shannon, a pilot, died when his plane crashed in Upstate NY. Mrs. Nelson graduated from Columbia Central before entering the Women's Army Corps. She was stationed in Germany during the time of the Korean War. Today she is going to tell us about growing up in Columbia, her experiences in the military, and her thoughts on life today.

As if being murdering SOBs weren't enough, the Nazis were also thieving rats. During WWII, they stole billons in gold from countries they overran and moved it to Germany. But at the end of the war, only part of it was recovered. Where's the rest? Find out the extent of our knowledge in this classic episode.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tom and Julian of Team Binge are covering the new Apple TV+ war drama, Masters of the Air. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters. Join us as we deep dive into each episode and learn about the incredible stories of these valiant veterans. Good Clean Fun. Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambinge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambingepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Email: teambingepodcast@gmail.com Merch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠teepublic.com/user/team-binge⁠ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/team-binge/support

Tom and Julian of Team Binge are covering the new Apple TV+ war drama, Masters of the Air. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters. Join us as we deep dive into each episode and learn about the incredible stories of these valiant veterans. Good Clean Fun. Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambinge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambingepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Email: teambingepodcast@gmail.com Merch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠teepublic.com/user/team-binge⁠ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/team-binge/support

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1105, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: They Don'T Live On Sesame Street 1: South African-born Ernie Els is a longtime standout performer in this pro sport. golf. 2: Bert wasn't a doctor, but Dr. Paul Bert made important studies of divers with decompression sickness, also known as this. the bends. 3: Accompanying him on his post-White House trek to the Amazon, Kermit was the second son of this U.S. president. Theodore Roosevelt. 4: Big birds of the world include the 6-foot, 30-pound Dalmatian variety of this avian with a large bill and an elastic throat pouch. a pelican. 5: The grandfather of this Broadway lyricist was a major impresario of Vaudeville and opera. Oscar Hammerstein. Round 2. Category: Yes, I'Ve Eton 1: He hopefully had a ball at Eton before going on to write "Thunderball". Fleming. 2: We know he revisited his "Brave New World" in 1958, but we don't know if he attended any Eton reunions. (Aldous) Huxley. 3: Marshall Field III, who had fun times at Eton, merged his Sun and Times papers in this city in 1948. Chicago. 4: James Oglethorpe went to Eton, did other stuff, then founded this colony in America. Georgia. 5: As a student at Eton, he did not have his own laptop computer, despite being second in line to the British throne. Prince William. Round 3. Category: Consumer Products 1: Released in 1956 as a "house and garden bug killer", it uses the ad line "Kills Bugs Dead". Raid. 2: In 1989 this shoemaker introduced The Pump, a hot-selling inflatable sports shoe. Reebok. 3: During WWII this 100% whole wheat breakfast cereal contained "12 Large Biscuits" in every box. Shredded Wheat. 4: Originally just an apple, this firm's trademark became one of the first used for textiles in 1871. Fruit of the Loom. 5: This all-purpose "Formula" for cleaning is named after the number of tries it took to get it right. Formula 409. Round 4. Category: Composers All Around 1: Music Tim Carleton wrote at age 16 was used by phone maker Cisco and has been heard by millions as this--your call is important to us. hold music. 2: A 1974 march for tuba by Luciano Michelini became the circusy-sounding theme to this HBO comedy. Curb Your Enthusiasm. 3: Known as "The Bong", the 5-note theme for this chip maker "Inside" a lot of computers was composed in 1994 by Walter Werzowa. Intel. 4: BJ Leiderman wrote themes for NPR programs like "Morning Edition" and this Saturday and Sunday counterpart. Weekend Edition. 5: Adam Schlesinger of this "Stacy's Mom" band also composed 157 songs for TV's "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend". Fountains of Wayne. Round 5. Category: How Inspirational 1: When your prom date leaves the dance without you, recall the proverb, this "heals all wounds". time. 2: This saint of Assisi said, "Where there is hatred, let me sow love... where there is despair, hope". Francis. 3: Thinking of his sins, poet Heinrich Heine said, "Of course" God will do this to "me; that's his business". forgive. 4: In 1903 Pope Pius X wrote, "Where justice is lacking there can be no hope of" this, pax in Latin. peace. 5: This "Candide" author helped popularize the saying, "The perfect is the enemy of the good". Voltaire. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

Tom and Julian of Team Binge are covering the new Apple TV+ war drama, Masters of the Air. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters. Join us as we deep dive into each episode and learn about the incredible stories of these valiant veterans. Good Clean Fun. Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambinge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambingepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Email: teambingepodcast@gmail.com Merch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠teepublic.com/user/team-binge⁠ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/team-binge/support

Q&A on the Apple TV+ series Masters of the Air with actor Anthony Boyle. Moderated by Mara Webster, In Creative Company. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters.

Tom and Julian of Team Binge are covering the new Apple TV+ war drama, Masters of the Air. During WWII, five miles above the ground and behind enemy lines, ten men inside a bomber known as a "Flying Fortress" battle unrelenting flocks of German fighters. Join us as we deep dive into each episode and learn about the incredible stories of these valiant veterans. Good Clean Fun. Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambinge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teambingepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Email: teambingepodcast@gmail.com Merch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠teepublic.com/user/team-binge⁠ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/team-binge/support

Join us for our first historical fiction episode! During WWII, follow our young heroine as she learns about riveting and joins the war effort and with the iconic Rosie the Riveter showing to the world, "We Can Do It"! 

Today Justin talks with Peter Dowding. Peter worked as a solicitor and barrister for many years in Australia, beginning in 1966. He also served in various positions with the Labour Party and was elected to serve as the 24th Premier for Western Australia from 1988 until 1990. Peter is here to tell the story of his uncle Bruce who was studying in Paris when Germany invaded duriNg WWII and felt the call to contribute in any way that he could.  Bruce served in uniform, was captured, escaped, joined the French resistance, and even served at the behest of Britain's MI9. His life was cut tragically short during the war, as were so many others. Peter has spent years researching his uncle's life and contributions during the war.Connect with Peter:IG: @peterdowdingauthorCheck out Peter's book, Secret Agent, Unsung Hero, here. https://www.amazon.com/Secret-Agent-Unsung-Hero-Dowding/dp/1399055437Connect with Spycraft 101:Check out Justin's latest release, Covert Arms, here.spycraft101.comIG: @spycraft101Shop: spycraft-101.myshopify.comPatreon: Spycraft 101Find Justin's first book, Spyshots: Volume One, here.Download the free eBook, The Clandestine Operative's Sidearm of Choice, here.True Spies Podcast Want to hear more unique espionage stories? Check out the True Spies Podcast.Soteira Systems Escape is an option. Save 10% with code SPYCRAFT101Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the show

During WWII, the sailors of the British merchant navy played a vital role in keeping the UK fed and armed. They carried essential supplies across the treacherous Atlantic - and many paid with their lives. What's less well known is that many of those sailors were Chinese - volunteers who came to Britain to help the war effort and settled predominantly in the port city of Liverpool. But after the war, many of those Chinese sailors who returned home suddenly disappeared without a trace. For years families believed they'd decided to abandon them, but the reality was far worse.Dr Lucienne Loh, from the University of Liverpool, has been uncovering what happened to those sailors who endured war for Britain and how Britain turned its back on them. In previously secret Government documents, she discovered a shocking truth...Produced by Mariana Des Forges and edited by Dougal Patmore.Discover the past on History Hit with ad-free original podcasts and documentaries released weekly presented by world-renowned historians like Dan Snow, Suzannah Lipscomb, Lucy Worsley, Matt Lewis, Tristan Hughes and more.Get 50% off your first 3 months with code DANSNOW. Download the app or sign up here.If you want to get in touch with the podcast, you can email us at ds.hh@historyhit.com, we'd love to hear from you!You can take part in our listener survey here.

During WWII, this ship saw countless battles and didn't receive any major damage. But during its tenure, at least 200 soldiers died on board. For our Halloween Special, we are visiting what is now a floating museum said to be full of ghosts, the USS Hornet.  Sponsored by HelloFresh (go to http://hellofresh.com/50redweb and use code 50redweb to get 50% off plus free shipping), BetterHelp (go to http://betterhelp.com/redweb to get 10% off your first month), and Shady Rays (go to http://shadyrays.com and use code REDWEB to get 50% off 2 or more pairs of polarized sunglasses). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During WWII, Japan controlled 90% of the world's rubber production, and the United States knew it needed to do something to protect itself in case the supply was cut off. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S., and the fear became a reality. With the country quickly using its reserves, the nation turned to an obscure desert plant called Guayule that had the potential to end our dependence on foreign rubber. Salinas was selected as the center of this massive undertaking, and overnight, millions of dollars and thousands of workers descended on the city. Then the war ended, and the project ended as quickly as it began. Plants and machines were destroyed, but the stories they made live on in the short but fascinating story of our city's history.

The Joint Readiness Training Center is pleased to present the twelfth episode to air on ‘The Crucible - The JRTC Experience.' Hosted by the Commander of Ops Group (COG), COL Matthew Hardman. Today's guests are the division liaison officer from 3rd Infantry Division, MAJ Joe Laplante and the armor-mechanized team's commander, CPT James Corino. The armor-mech team that supported 1/82 ABN was Team Cronos, C Company, 3rd Battalion, 67th Armor Regiment, 2nd Armor Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division.   The 67th Armor Regiment has the honor of being one of the oldest armor units in the U.S. military as they were first formed in 1929 as the 2nd Tank Regiment (Heavy) and redesignated as the 67th Infantry Regiment (Medium Tanks) in 1932 and then became the 67th Armor in 1940. During WWII, they took part in the invasion and fierce fighting that followed for North Africa, Sicily, and then mainland Europe. Later they would take part in Operation Desert Storm followed by the various operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria. The company team has the Hollywood call-sign of “Cronos” while the BN's call-sign is the “Hounds of Hell” and the ABCT's call-sign is "Spartans." The ABCT's motto of “Send Me” while the BN's motto is “Ready for War.”   For the rotation in question, Team Cronos supported the rotation by providing an armor-mech team to a light infantry brigade combat team in order to provide a highly lethal and mobile force, so as to facilitate winning engagements on any battlefield in any operational environment across the globe. Its effectiveness increases through the synergy of combined arms including M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks, M2A4 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, infantry, engineers, and support elements.   In this episode they discuss they the various nuances of effectively employing an armor-mech team as part of a larger light infantry task force and the massive learning curve for honing the light-heavy paradigm. The U.S. Army has only recently began task organizing light infantry BCTs from XVIII Airborne Corps with armor-mech teams again and so the Army is having to re-learn some of the fundamentals once again. Sustainment, logistics, and maintenance cannot be over emphasized. Having a liaison from the armor-mech team's division to the supporting light infantry BCT is definitely an identified “Best Practice.”   Part of S04 “Scouts Out” series.   For additional information and insights from this episode, please checkout our Instagram page @the_jrtc_crucible_podcast   Be sure to follow us on social media to keep up with the latest warfighting TTPs learned through the crucible that is the Joint Readiness Training Center.   Follow us by going to: https://linktr.ee/jrtc and then selecting your preferred podcast format.   Again, we'd like to thank our guests for participating. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and review us wherever you listen or watch your podcasts — and be sure to stay tuned for more in the near future.   “The Crucible – The JRTC Experience” is a product of the Joint Readiness Training Center.

Captain James Peninger served in World War Two  as a glider pilot. He fought in the Invasion of Normandy, and was the first glider to cross the Rhine River. During WWII, glider planes were used to carry ground troops, and sometimes a jeep, into enemy territory. Regular planes dragged these gliders via a rope, which was cut over enemy territory at the release point. The glider kept flying, to hopefully find a clear landing zone behind enemy lines. Since the gliders were flimsy, designed for a single flight, and always sent into enemy territory, flying them was a notoriously dangerous job. To learn more about glider pilots during World War Two, visit ww2gp.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During WWII, one day before the landing at Tarawa, Captain Cromwell's submarine was severely damaged by a Japanese destroyer. Forced between losing all his men as they took water or risking capture, Cromwell scuttled the ship with himself in it, keeping the Japanese from learning about Tarawa or the Allies' ULTRA intelligence program. Cromwell was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

During WWII, while American forces battled dictatorial regimes overseas, three writers back home were unleashing a full-scale assault on the ideas at the very base of tyranny. Isabel Paterson's The God of the Machine, Rose Wilder Lane's The Discovery of Freedom, and Ayn Rand's The Fountainhead, all published in 1943, launched the modern American liberty movement. These women, once described as “the three furies of modern libertarianism,” have been the subjects of separate biographies. But Freedom's Furies by Timothy Sandefur is the first book-length exploration of their relationships and the context surrounding their 1943 books. On February 2—Rand's birthday—Sandefur I discussed his book and the enduring importance of these three authors.   #IsabelPaterson #RoseWilderLane #history #objectivism #AynRand #philosophy #flourishing  

During WWII, Rudolph Hess, a close aide to Hitler, made a secret flight to Scotland, where he was imprisoned. Jimmy Akin and Dom Bettinelli discuss who Hess was, why he crossed enemy lines, and the allegations of conspiracies involving British and Nazi leaders. The post The (Nazi) Hess Conspiracies (Rudolf Hess) appeared first on StarQuest Media.

During WWII, Rudolph Hess, a close aide to Hitler, made a secret flight to Scotland, where he was imprisoned. Jimmy Akin and Dom Bettinelli discuss who Hess was, why he crossed enemy lines, and the allegations of conspiracies involving British and Nazi leaders.

Happy International Women's Day! If you're looking to learn about a rockstar woman scientist, check out Episode 40 - The Mirror Image Disaster. In it, we talk about Dr. Frances Oldhem Kelsey, the FDA scientist who single-handedly fought to keep Thalidomide off the market and out of our medicine cabinets. In today's episode, Harini teaches Megan about how one of the biggest Allied cover-ups in WWII history led to the discovery and development of chemotherapy. During WWII, German bombers devastated the port of Bari, Italy where Allied personnel were stationed. Soldiers who were launched into the harbor, but survived the bombing, began to experience severe blistering and heightened internal temperatures. American doctor and chemical warfare expert, Stewart Francis Alexander, believed that all symptoms pointed to mustard gas. But when his report to Allied leaders was met with indifference and exasperation, he knew he had stumbled upon a possible conspiracy. Why were they denying the presence of mustard gas in the bay? Why was this form of gas causing these specific symptoms? Tune in to find out.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

During WWII, a US Navy blimp descended over the San Francisco area with two crew members aboard. Though they were present at the time of takeoff, upon touch down, the crew was nowhere to be found. Today, we dive into the story behind one of the most peculiar disappearances in recent history: the L-8 Ghost Blimp. Visit our Twitter page (https://twitter.com/RedWebPod) to see the images we mention.  If you'd like to listen to past mysteries we discuss in this episode, they are: Escape From Alcatraz (https://open.spotify.com/episode/1VYopYHr3MF1rdxBfm3vK8?si=a142a015c27945ff), and Barney and Betty Hill (https://open.spotify.com/episode/6uHDlCGh0GD28sQr0A7Eye?si=b7290e0fb3f44b13). Download the public audio version https://link.chtbl.com/redwebpod.  Already a FIRST Member and need your Private RSS feed for this show? Go here: http://bit.ly/FIRSTRSS. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During WWII, ten year old Mari and her family are forced to the Manzanar Relocation Center. Mari is devastated with her brother Mak decides to join the Army, even against his father's wishes. In protest, Mari takes a vow of silence until Mak returns home safely. Transcript here

Welcome to January 5th, 2023 on the National Day Calendar. Today we celebrate sweet inventions and the wizards of words.  The first recipes for whipped cream date back to 1549 when they used a willow branch to beat the cream into “snow milk.” This technique lasted for the next few centuries until a clothing salesman from St. Louis changed all of that. During WWII when cream was rationed, Aaron “Bunny” Lapin began pedaling Sta-Whip, a substitute made of light cream and vegetable oil. Then in 1946 Crown Cork and Seal Company made the first seamless aerosol canister. Lapin used the technology, changed the name to Reddi-wip and with an army of milkmen to deliver it, he made a fortune in only a few short years. On National Whipped Cream Day celebrate Bunny Lapin's birthday with a little extra on the top. Alfred Hitchcock once said, To make a good film, you need three things, the script, the script, and the script. Without stories, we wouldn't have TV or movies. Even if a book is used as the basis for a film, a screenwriter still needs to adapt the storyline so it works on the big screen. Unless you sit through the credits, you probably wont know who wrote the screenplays for your favorite blockbusters. This is your chance to start noticing these architects of entertainment. For homework you can check out Hitchcock's 1963 classic The Birds, which is also creepy fun for National Bird Day. Extra points if you can identify the screenwriter. On National Screenwriters Day take time to find out who is responsible for making your favorite shows especially entertaining.  I'm Anna Devere and I'm Marlo Anderson. Thanks for joining us as we Celebrate Every Day!  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During WWII, it is known that the Nazis were experimenting on prisoners of war, but they weren't the only ones. Follow me down the rabbit hole to find out what the Japanese were doing in Unit 731.*** https://www.patreon.com/rabbitholeconspiracyhttps://wwiifoundation.org/timeline-of-wwii/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchuria https://www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/anschluss https://www.britannica.com/event/Munich-Agreement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DT6z0wRPAwg https://unit731.org/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4nPxik59oE Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Many of the problems modern teachers are facing aren't new, so we're going back in time to find out how our education system became a system that teachers are currently fleeing. Come to find out, modern teachers inherited low pay, limited respect, and a system that strips communities of their cultural traditions. In this episode, hear how Indian Boarding Schools and the American Industrial Revolution have left traces on modern education, and how these traces are contributing to teachers' decisions to leave education.   Music:  Theme Song By Julian Saporiti “Sonata No.13 in E Flat Major, Op. 24 No. 1-II. Allegro, Molto, e Vivace” by Daniel Veesey is in the Public Domain. “Railroad's Whisky Co” by Jahzzar is Licensed under a CC BY-SA license. “Ugly Truth” by HoliznaCC0 is in the Public Domain. “Upsurge” by Jonah Dempcy is  a  CC BY-NC license. “Green Lights”  by Jahzzar is licensed under a CC BY-SA license. “Pizz” by Andrew Christopher Smith is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA Transcript: I had a band teacher once hold me after class and force me eat a beef and bean burrito. He sat in front of me on the piano bench to make sure that I ate it. I was a freshman, in the middle of the high school wrestling season, and I was cutting weight for my first varsity tournament – where I'd end up getting my lips knocked off. My teacher, Mr. Duran, was short, wiry, wore jeans with a braided leather belt and a button-down shirt. He had round-framed glasses, combed his hair to the side, and more than once told me to listen to the greats like Chick Webb and not just the white guys that made it on the radio.  He was in his 30th year of teaching, and he was not shy about giving advice. While I ate the burrito, Duran talked about playing baseball in college and how abruptly a life of sports could come to an end but how long a life of music could last. This was mature guidance, albeit, guidance that I see more value in now than I did then. Duran would garnish each class with stories that worked to guide us towards being kind human beings. There were days in Jazz band where he would sit in the center of the tiered room, legs crossed, saxophone neck strap still on, and tell us about his past. When Mr. Duran was in college at the University of Northern Colorado in the 1960s, the Count Basie Orchestra went through town and stopped at the university. UNC was known for its jazz programs and one of Basie's saxophone players dropped out and they needed a replacement. Count Basie was one of the most influential musicians from the Swing Era – he was like a swing minimalist. Duran jumped at the opportunity. He got to travel and play with the band and experience life as a musician – more specifically as a musician of color. One time he and a buddy from the orchestra went into a diner and were refused anything more than water. Duran was Mexican and his friend was Black, and it was the middle of the 1960s. In protest, they sat in the big window of the diner for 3 hours, sipping their water, putting themselves on display for anyone who walked by. I love that story – this man, my teacher, saw inequity and faced it with defiance. Duran's lessons were eye-opening. I didn't realize that those stories served as parables on ethics and kindness until I became a teacher and started telling stories of my own to serve the same ends. Duran used his history to help us become better humans. And isn't that why we turn to history? Well, today, we're going to take a lesson from Duran and examine the history of education in the U.S. And because the history of education is tremendous, we have to narrow it down. So we'll focus on two aspects of history that set precedents for modern education, for the current system from which modern teachers are exiting.. We are going to start with Indian Boarding Schools, and then we'll take a look at the American Industrial Revolution. This is Those Who Can't Teach Anymore, a 7-part podcast series exploring why teachers are leaving education and what can be done to stop the exodus. I'm Charles Fournier. Here is part 2: “Inheritance” Caskey Russell:  I'm going crabbing this weekend. I own a boat with my brothers. And yeah, we go out and catch crab. And there'll be salmon season soon. So I kind of got back into the ocean style lifestyle. This is Caskey Russel. I got to catch up with him over a zoom call this summer. He is the Dean of Fairhaven College at Western Washington University. He grew up in Washington and is from the Tlingit tribe. I know Caskey because he taught for 17 years at the University of Wyoming, he was a dean of American Indian Studies, and he was my thesis chair and educational guide when I was at the university. Some of Caskey's research for his PhD program dug into the history of Indian Education, specifically Indian boarding schools. Caskey Russell: My grandmother and her brothers, aunts and uncles, all went to Chemawa Indian School, in Salem. And it was a mixed bag. If you are asking yourself, wait, who's this Caskey guy and what do Indian Boarding Schools have to do with teachers quitting? Here's how. We know that historical atrocities leave a trace on modern institutions, so we need to recognize that Indian boarding schools have left their mark on modern education. They are a  part of the system of inequity modern teachers have inherited. Indian Boarding Schools are an example of the deculturalization that has occurred in education. One of many. Attempts to strip communities of their cultures happened with just about everyone in this country at some point that didn't fit into the male, able-bodied, straight, white, Anglo Saxon Protestant category. Traces of these inequities remain in education, deculturalization still happens, and teachers working towards inclusion in a system that was based on exclusion often run into roadblocks – think book bans or accusations that teachers are trying to indoctrinate kids - and these roadblocks are pushing teachers out of education. So to better understand the inequities in modern education, this thing that is frustrating teachers to the point of quitting, we need to look at where some of those attempts at deculturalization originated. We need to look at Indian Boarding Schools. And we need to listen to someone like Caskey.  Caskey Russell: They liked the sports. They like some of the music, but my uncle Stanley Pradovic, I remember he said, “I used to dream of feasts, seafood feasts that they had in Alaska.” And  my grandmother was able to keep the Tlingit  language because she didn't go to boarding school, but her brothers did not.  You step back and look at the whole system and how destructive and just kind of the cultural genocide aspect. My grandmother would say she didn't know her brothers because when she was born, her brothers were gone away from her earliest memories. And so she didn't get to know her brothers right away. It did break families up. And I was just chatting with my mom last night. My mom said the other family had no control over what it was determined for them. And again, not having control over that seems to be the key to it, nor having input in the education nor valuing…and then having a different model, different cultural notion of success. And then the military and the Christianization, all that together, just adds problem on top of problem, instead of being empowering and enlightening, that really becomes conforming, sort of thing. What happened to Caskey's family was a result of centuries of efforts to deculturalize tribes. Early European colonizers of the US  set a precedent of trying to assimilate tribes into a single monolithic culture. Colonizers disregarded tribal traditions and languages and failed to see that tribes already valued education for their youth. So the assumption that public education started with Horace Mann in 1837 is an assumption that values eurocentric education over the public education that was already in the Americas.  Part of this is because the purposes of education differed. Many Native communities saw educating children as a means to pass on generational knowledge and teach children how to be a successful part of the community. 17th-century Plymouth settlers specifically saw education and literacy as a method to keep Satan away. Children needed to be able to read so they could read the Bible. A pilgrim minister explained: “[There] is in all children, though no alike, a stubbornness, and stoutness of mind arising from natural pride, which must, in the first place, be broken and beaten down; that so the foundation of their education being laid in humility and tractableness, other virtues may, in their time, be built thereon” (42). But tribes did not beat down their children, did not read the Bible, and were able to survive and thrive in what Pilgrims saw as wilderness. So Pilgrims worked to impose their educational priorities onto tribes as a way to cast out Satan, and ultimately gain control of Indigenous people. This effort to assimilate and control only compounded over the next few centuries By the 19th century, congress was also making efforts to deculturalize and assimilate tribes. Thomas Jefferson who had a big role in the removal of Native Americans from their lands also had a One Nation idea when it came to Native Americans – an assumption that required assimilation through education. In 1816, Jefferson explained the value of education: “Enlighten the people generally and tyranny and oppressions of body and mind will vanish like evil spirits at the dawn of day. Although I do not, with some enthusiasts, believe that the human condition will ever advance to such a state of perfection as that there shall no longer be pain or vice in the world, yet I believe it susceptible of much improvement, and most of all in matters of government and religion; and that the diffusion of knowledge among the people is to be the instrument by which it is to be effected” (101)). Jefferson believed a democratic, not a moral education which was what kids were getting at the time, was essential to democracy and he's right, but his One Nation idea required a monolithic ideal that did not value other cultures. He wanted tribes to conform to his image of being American. This focus on conformity was baked into the American educational philosophy. The Civilization Act of 1819 saw Thomas McKenney, the first head of the Office of Indian Affairs begin a process of Native American deculturization  – they created a tribal school system run by white missionary teachers hoping to gain control of tribes through the power of education and assimilation. When Andrew Jackson became president in 1829, he saw some of the educational progress made by tribes as dangerous to America's goals of gaining control of lands.   So, in 1830, America passed the Indian Removal Act, which brutally uprooted tribes and relocated them. Thirty years later, the Indian Peace Commission began reservation schools or day schools. But again, the cultural genocide that all of these acts and efforts had hoped for weren't as effective as the government Wanted. This is when the government stepped in again. Paired with the Dawes Act of 1877 that worked to split reservation lands into private property began the start of the boarding school movement in 1879. Each step was a process working towards killing cultures in an attempt to control land, people, and ideas – all largely through some form of education. The start of the boarding school experiment can  be attributed to Captain Richard Henry Pratt. Caskey Russell: Pratt actually had a number of prisoners of war under his charge at St. Augustine, Florida. Besides being given military uniforms, they would teach them. And so the way he sold the first  boarding schools was that instead of being at war with natives, you can educate them. The US could educate them, and kind of eradicate native culture through educating towards whiteness. Caskey explained that the thought was that education would help the government avoid the expenses of war. Caskey Russell: So there are a group of Plains Natives that were transported to St. Augustine, that was his kind of first experiment. And then he was able to go to Congress and get some money. And he took them to The Hampton Institute and eventually to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School So Pratt's experiment led to the establishment of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania in 1879. This was around the same time that Pratt made a famous statement to congress: Caskey Russell: He says to Congress, “You have heard Sherman say the only good Indian's a Dead Indian. I would agree with this one kind of difference that you can kill the Indian save the man.” That's what education can do. That's the motto. And so, there was based on military kind of military boarding school style, and they opened up across the country. And they were often religiously affiliated, and religious institutions given  them control of them. Which, you know, was another part of the boarding schools was the religious education, the eradication of tribal cultures, tribal religions, and the inculcation of Christianity, the various sects of Christianity across the country. Each step taken by congress, in the name of education, was an effort to prioritize one culture over others, one idea of success over others - often through religious means, because again, early education was morality based. And they did this through legislation and through educational policy. Even though many of these efforts are pretty old, we still feel the educational effects of prioritizing a single culture or single idea of success.. Elizabeth Smith, a veteran teacher of 20 years who teaches on a reservation still sees this today.  Elizabeth Smith: Even though I can count on my hand, the number of students that I've taught that have graduated and have a white culture, sort of experience with what would be known as success, quote, unquote   Caskey sees this idea in what is tested or valued as a bottom line in public education. These are things that dismiss differentiated cultural values. Caskey Russell: Did the schools reward students let's say for instance, this the schools Wind River  reward students for knowing the traditional clan system,  speaking Arapaho or Shoshone for knowing traditional ways, whether it's kind hunting, traditional use of land, traditional plants respond medicine, knowing being prepare, or being an apprentice for ceremony, none of that none of that culturally important stuff that was really important to Native people, especially young people they could dream of, you know, I'm going to fulfill these goals, these roles, these social roles one day, none of that's important, it seems like an American school system, right? When you're going to take the SAT or the ACT, are they going to value the hours you spent with your grandparents trying to learn the language or learning stories or learning traditional ways? Of course not. This is a part of the inheritance of modern education, something teachers have to grapple with consistently. How can we educate students to be a part of a community that through legislation or policy doesn't seem to value all traditions and cultures within that community? Or how to reach a measure of success that isn't culturally misaligned or based on morality? Caskey Russell:A handful of them might be successful in kind of the white American ideal. But that's not the only measure of success, nor is it maybe a healthy measure of success, right, for Native people. It would be wonderful to let other ideas of success, community success, success as a human being within a community flourish in the school setting. This question of how to honor a diverse spectrum of students lands on teachers in the classroom. Though legislators and school boards may make efforts to dictate what can and can't be taught in the classroom, the reality is it's teachers and administrators who are working with kids – and kids from a wide spectrum of communities who have often been forced into a specific, standardized idea of success, which might not be culturally conscious. This is exactly how Indian boarding schools started, they forced kids from diverse tribes into a standardized idea of success initially using arguments for morality to do so. We recognize this as bad now, so why are forms of it still happening?   A big concern of some of the teachers who have decided to leave teaching was the start of limits and  restrictions about what can and can't be taught in the classroom. Many of these limits originate from argument about morality that are backed by religious groups that want to dictate what is happening in the classroom. Think of Mr. Wacker from last episode who is still frustrated with the banning of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye for moral arguments or Mr. Atkinson who felt his curriculum being squeezed by people who didn't appreciate class conversations about varying cultural perspectives on current events.  And, as we saw with the history of Native American education, this is not new – even though many founding fathers, who were deists themselves, advocated for the separation of church and state and were adamant that education focus on democratic values rather than religious values. John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail:  “I must study Politicks and War that my sons may have liberty to study Mathematicks and Philosophy. My sons ought to study Mathematicks and Philosophy, Geography, natural History, Naval Architecture, navigation, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry, Musick, Architecture, Statuary, Tapestry and Porcelaine.” John Adams does not reference education and say study the Bible. And fellow former president James Madison did not mince words in a letter that pushed against church use of government land, which would later include schools: “The purpose of separation of church and state is to keep forever from these shores the ceaseless strife that has soaked the soil of Europe with blood for centuries.” And these beliefs worked their way into legislation with the inclusion of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment, which Thomas Jefferson said was “A wall of separation between the church and state.” And though we know Jefferson's view of education wasn't very inclusive, if we combine this idea of the separation of church and state with a modern inclusive reading of Jefferson's thoughts that education is to “Educate and inform the whole mass of the people. They are the only sure reliance for the preservation of our liberty,” We get a pretty good idea that education is a means to inform a free-thinking, diverse population that has different belief systems.  The founders knew the danger of letting religion seep its way into government - they just broke free of a country that allowed that to happen. So to have a system of education that would inform the whole mass of people without perpetuating the deculturalization we saw with the Indian Boarding schools, which have their origins in religious schooling, that system would need to accommodate the diversity of that mass of people.  This means that teachers would need the trust of the public and  freedom to use their expertise to do their jobs, which would likely include selecting a wide range of materials to accommodate a diverse student population. This freedom and trust is not something being granted to modern teachers. There is currently a trend of parents, legislators, and school board members criticizing teacher efforts to support diverse student needs, often through moral critiques. Which stems from a lack of trust and the same morality based fear that sparked early deculturalization efforts in the United States. So, this isn't new. This is another part of what teachers have inherited from previous generations of educators, a lack of professional respect that translates to a lack of autonomy in the classroom, low pay, and a smattering of other things that are driving teachers from their jobs. Here's Elizabeth again: Elizabeth Smith: And let me clarify, you know, when I say I love teaching, I do love teaching. To say that I love where I'm at right now, no, I do not. I am not satisfied with the way my job is going. I'm not satisfied with the way I feel inside every single day coming home from work. It's like a battlefield. It is intense. It is stressful. My family has noticed it and made comments on it, you know, and I don't have the patience to deal with my own children. And what am I going to do if I don't do this? I've got 20 years of expertise invested in this. And I've spent a lot of time learning how to do the things that I do and I enjoy improving it. As of now, she is planning on staying in education. And all of those 20 years have been spent teaching on reservations. She attributes this in part to why she loves her work so much, why she's planning on staying. There is a different level of respect that she sees in these schools and a higher level of appreciation, which goes a long way. But this doesn't mean that there still isn't a lack of professional trust or respect that she feels from being a teacher.  Elizabeth Smith: There's so much micromanaging and so many expectations that are put on us that are really insulting, actually, to our intelligence and to our professionalism. And I understand that there are teachers who are unaware of the ways that they're doing things are unprofessional and unintelligent. So I get the admin has to make some allowances and come up with some plans for how to deal with teachers that are not as aware of themselves and their skills as they should be, you know, so I understand that but the blanket statements.. To address where these blanket solutions may originate from, we are going to take another look at history through a little different lens than what we've been using so far.  When I asked teachers about what pushed them out of education, they echoed Elizabeth's frustrations. Lack of respect was a major reason people left. But this is not new, like the history of inequity in education, the lack of professional respect has been a thread through public education's history. So we are going to pull on that thread and look at the tradition of not valuing or respecting teachers.   Stephanie Reese: As a teacher, you're going to be marginalized, and you're not going to be taken seriously. Ron Ruckman: I think a lot of administrators, They just don't have any idea there, and they don't really think of us as professionals, you know, they don't really think of us as being able to do our job. Christie Chadwick: As a teacher, we're managing all these expectations. And I think that that's not acknowledged by the general population. Teachers want to be seen as professionals. This came up in interviews in reference to being trusted to make decisions about curriculum, in being more autonomous, and in getting paid better. When thinking about why teachers have inherited a lack of professional respect in the present, it might have to do with the American Industrial Revolution: Colby Gull: We were built on an industrial model. Get them in, stick the widget on him and get him out the other side of the door. Right. And that's just not how humans work. This is Colby Gull, he is the managing director for the Trustees education Initiative in the College of Education at the University of Wyoming. Colby has been a teacher, a coach, a principal, and a superintendent. He's run the educational gamut. And he points out that the structure of education does not necessarily promote the growing and sharing of ideas. Colby Gull: And we live in now the idea economy. And we're still not teaching in the idea economy. We're teaching in the industrial economy where you buying and selling goods. But our economy now is based on ideas and sharing of ideas and debating and discussing, and I don't know, people make a lot of money with their ideas.  And this structure of education, this factory style model, which looks similar to the military approach seen with Indian Boarding Schools, started and gained popularity during the American Industrial Revolution at the end of the 19th century. Along with this more industrial model the precedent for the amount of respect teachers received was set. I see several ways in which history has handed down a dismissive attitude toward teachers.  As Common Schools gained popularity in the mid-19th century, young women were also moving to cities for better economic opportunities. And these women were hired as teachers in droves because they could be paid substantially less than men. This compounded since teaching was seen as respectable employment for women - it matched the stereotype that women were naturally nurturing. Both the image of teachers as nurturers and the trouble with pay is consistent with what we see today.  Here's Stephanie Reese, a former PE teacher who left education and became the general manager of Blacktooth Brewing Company. Stephanie Reese: Absolutely money matters. I was in so much debt. You know, with loans, whether they're student loans, or just credit card, or whatever it is, I had a lot in college, had a lot while I was teaching. and teaching just doesn't give you that opportunity.. And  level increases are a fucking joke. Unless you've been in, you've been in I call it like, like you've been in the pen. You've been in for 34 years, you've given one kidney, you have four degrees, master's degrees, preferably doctorate even better, and you've given up your will to live, and those those things will give you more money. Part of the consistently poor pay has to do with the hierarchical structure in education. After the Civil War, the first iteration of the department of education was created, in order to track what the nation's schools were doing. So there was an expectation for the availability of public schooling. Once the American Industrial Revolution hit towards the end of the 19th century, factory jobs boomed. More people flocked to cities meaning there were more kids and more of a need for teachers. With more men transitioning to better paying factory jobs, even more women were moving to the classroom. The large number of women serving as teachers was accepted at a time when women weren't given many professional opportunities. Administrative roles – principals, superintendents, and the like – were held by men. And many high school positions were still held by men. So a hierarchy that prioritized male control and male decision making was very clearly in place. Mark Perkins, a former teacher and administrator and current parent and professor of Educational Research methods at the University of Wyoming, points out that this hierarchy has remained even if the original gendered reasons for its creation haven't. Mark Perkins:  I think there's a power hierarchy. And I don't think that teachers have been empowered enough to express their professional expertise. I think that teachers are approached as a service industry. And so, we want teachers to parrot curriculums. We want them to be experts in their content, as long as their expertise doesn't contradict with our preconceived notions of reality. So I think there's a sociological phenomenon that goes on in schools.  I think it's a common phenomenon. The system of becoming an administrator in some cases  was once based on seniority. So the most senior teacher would inherit the role of principal. This changed when a degree was required to become a principal or superintendent, which also prevented women from gaining access to these administrative positions by making them require a degree because women weren't often able to access such an education. So these days, some administrators are in the position without having had a tremendous amount of time in education, which can make administrator impact or insight into the classroom difficult. Ron Ruckman, who just left teaching after 23 years, explains that the lack of experience can be glaringly obvious for some administrators who are disconnected from the teachers. Ron Ruckman:  You know, and then there's other administrators that just don't want to have anything to do with your classroom, you know, and they want to make decisions, but they don't want to, they don't communicate with you or ask you things. There's a lot of that especially in rural districts. We've spent so much time and money in this district doing initiatives and buying products. And, you know, I can't imagine how much money we've just wasted, you know, buying stuff that, you know, on, based on a good salesman that convinced somebody that they needed it. Whereas had they come and asked us would have been like, no, no, that that would be a really dumb thing to do. That's not going to work. You know, but there's just that kind of an apt idea that teachers really are, you know, don't really know what they're what, you know, they don't really know anything other than their subject. And we're, we're pretty smart. Most of us, you know. (Beeping) This was perfect timing. That beeping was for a fire. Ron is the Battalion Chief for the Pinedale fire department - he has a lot of roles in his community because he is intelligent and capable and because of not being respected for being intelligent and capable, he quit teaching to pursue the other things he's good at.  Some of the ways teachers are not seen as capable has to do with how education is standardized. In the late 19th century, as cities got larger and more and more kids were put into schools, urban schools started to split students into grade levels. Around this time and into the early 20th century, there was a development of what historian David Tyack (Tie-yak) described as the One Best System of education – this saw a focus on specific, easily assessed, and easily sequenced subjects of study. This also did more to highlight non-academic items like good attendance, behavior, and willingness to follow directions, which all aid in creating people who would fit into an industrial economy. This structure was useful when more and more students were placed into a class. And by the early 20th century, politicians and administrators were seeing schools as being a solution to the nation's woes. Traces of these industrialized values are very present in modern classrooms, and it makes Allison Lash, who taught art in New York City and Austin, Texas, sad at what she sees. Allison Lash: A friend of mine had said one thing about why he's doesn't like education is just that you go to school to learn how to work, basically, to get you ready to go out in the world and work. And that's sad. Like, I just want to live. I don't want to worry about working and how to make money and pay your school loans and your bills. It used to bother me that kids would get rewarded for being in school every day. And it's all about money. It's all about how many kids are in their seats every day for the school district to make money. And it was sad, it was sad that kids would win awards for like, being their everyday awards. Like who really cares? They're totally ignoring mental health and even if the kid is sick, you stay home. It's really sad when you go into elementary school and you see the kids quiet and lined up in a line and like “shhhhh,” and I remember teaching that and  I know that I guess order is not wanted, and I don't know if needed is even the right answer. Teach kids to be a good person. The rise of industry during the American industrial revolution also saw a rise in unions and strikes. Because teachers were mostly women, and many of the strikes of the time were more militant and potentially violent, women were less likely to take part in strikes and efforts to gain better pay. This was not helped by the fact that men held leadership positions in education, so they did not make efforts to better the work environments of teachers because these men just weren't affected. The  National Education Association, which was founded in 1857, wasn't just for teachers, so administrators, men, were also in charge of Union happenings. It wasn't until 1910 when Ella Flagg Young was elected as the NEA president that the union started taking more steps to help teachers. But the difficulty in changing and revising educational structures is still present. Chris Rothfuss, a parent and Wyoming State Senator and member of the Senate Education committee, knows this all too well. While we have a coffee in Laramie, Wyoming, Chris explains that change may require a cultural shift inspired by younger generations .  Chris Rothfuss:  I think a large part of the reason why we develop into what we are really is the way this country industrialized and grew and had a middle-class work ethic through the mid-20th century, that shaped a lot of the way things are done. And the philosophy about why things are done, the way they're done, where there is a common viewpoint that I think is handed down from generation to generation that if you just work hard, put your nose to the grindstone, that you will be successful, and things will go your way, and you'll have a good life. I think part of what's changing that, is that this emerging generation is realizing that while that may have been true, a lot of what allowed that to be true, was frankly, taking on debt that is generational debt and handing that debt down to the next generation. So effectively exploiting the future for the benefit of the present. This younger generation isn't enthused about that as they're learning more about it, and rightly so. And they don't see a path to a traditional life as being what they aspire to. A potential reason for major shifts not having occurred in the past might have to do with economic uncertainties. For every economic depression and war to occur in the 20th century, money was pulled from education to help the war or economic problems, but that money was not necessarily given back to education. Teacher pay was often cut when other unionized jobs like factory work was not cut because there was an assumption that teachers, being mostly women, would not need to support their families. During WWII, when more women went to work in factories, those women who were still teaching saw how much better the pay was for the women who went to work in factories. The impact of war and economic troubles also resulted in  a more factory-like structure in the classroom. This was often a result of trying to accommodate a larger student population with less resources, and it was also an easier way to measure student achievement. This created an educational structure that overwhelms teachers, which makes best practices more difficult and stretches teachers thin. Molly Waterworth, who just left teaching this year after 8 years in the classroom, explains the reality of being overwhelmed as a teacher.   Molly Waterworth:  The reality is that if you have 150 kids, there's no way that you're going to grade all of their work in seven and a half hours that you have with them during the day. There's no way. It's just a mathematical impossibility.  The truth is, teachers have inherited being paid poorly, being overworked, and not being treated with respect. Sadly, much of this is associated with the trend of women in the profession within a patriarchal society. And the teaching profession is still dominated by women. The NEA reports that about 3 quarters of teachers are women, and teachers still get payed about 74% of what equivalent degreed professions earn.  So, teachers are leaving education, but the reasons they are leaving are a result of problems that have been percolating since the start of public education in the United States. Efforts at deculturalization seen with the Indian Boarding Schools have left an impact and pattern on modern education, just like the treatment of women and industrialization of education has left an impact on how teachers are currently treated.  This does not mean that public education needs to end, but like any inheritance, we need to acknowledge and deal with the problems. We need to see that there have been attempts to address inequity in education with efforts like Brown v Board in 1954, Title IX in 1972,  and the disabilities act of 1975. But continuing to return to a standardized, one-size-fits-all approach that matches an industrial structure of education just does not work – it doesn't value teacher expertise, nor does it meet the students with unique cultural backgrounds or needs where they are. And because teachers have been tasked with addressing these inequities with limited freedom and trust and resources, many are calling it quits. This needs to change – teachers need to be able to disclaim this inheritance for their sake and for the sake of their students.  Next time, we will look at how the perception of teachers might be influenced by pop-culture.  TEASE: “Robin Williams isn't going to do that.” That will be next time on Those Who Can't Teach Anymore. Thank you for listening. Be sure to subscribe to our podcast, leave a review, and share episodes with everyone you can think of. This episode was produced by me, Charles Fournier. It was edited by Melodie Edwards. Other editing help came from Noa Greenspan, Sarah-Ann Leverette, and Tennesee Watson. Voice Acting by Rory Mack, David Whisker, Rick Simineo, and Markus Viney who also offered editing help. Our theme song is by Julian Saporiti. All other music can be found on our website. A special thanks to Elizabeth Smith, Caskey Russell, Stephanie Reese, Ron Ruckman, Molly Waterworth, Christy Chadwick, Colby Gull, Mark Perkins, and Allison Lash for taking time to sit down and chat with me. This dive into history was greatly aided by two books: American Education: A History by Wayne J. Urban and Jennings L. Wagoner, Jr. and Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality: A Brief History of the Education of Dominated Cultures in the United States by Joel Spring……This podcast is funded in part by the Fund for Teachers Fellowship.

During WWII, the whole of Britain's coastline was involved in the struggle against the Nazis. In 1940-41 invasion was the main threat. Many towns and cities around the coast, such as Plymouth, Portsmouth, Hull and Great Yarmouth, were the targets of devastating air raids. The East Coast was pivotal to North Sea operations against enemy mining and E-boat operations, and the Western ports, particularly Liverpool, were crucial to the vital Atlantic convoys and the defeat of the U-boat threat. In this episode, I'm joined once more by the cultural and social historian Neil R Storey to discuss Britain's Coast at War, which is also the title of his book Britain's Coast at War: Invasion Threat, Coastal Forces, Bombardment and Training for D-Day.   Patreonpatreon.com/ww2podcast

On this edition of Parallax Views just in time for Veteran's day, New York Times best-selling author Bruce Henderson, author of Sons and Soldiers and co-author with Vincent Bugliosi of And the Sea Will Tell, joins us to discuss his latest book Bridge to the Sun: The Secret Role of the Japanese Americans Who Fought in the Pacific in World War II. During WWII the Japanese immigrants and Japanese-Americans languished in internment camps thanks to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066. The belief was that they could not be trusted while the U.S. was engaged in a war where Japan was one of the enemies. It was argued they could engage in sabotage on behalf of Japan against America. And yet, the U.S. army would end up needing nisei - first-generation Americans who were born from Japanese immigrant parents - to help them in the Pacific theater of the war effort. Bridge to the Sun tells the story of the war exploits of Japanese-Americans fighting on behalf of the U.S. in Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and even, with the famous Merrill's Marauders, Burma. For years these men thought they were subject to the secrets act and kept their participation quiet and hidden. Bruce Henderson reveals their story through six of the nisei who worked on behalf of the U.S. army in the Pacific during WWII.

These radio dramas, called The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, were written for radio by Edith Meiser, and starred Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce. Together, they starred in 220 episodes which aired weekly on Mondays from 8:30 to 9:00pm. Basil Rathbone's last episode as the famous detective was "The Singular Affair of the Baconian Cipher". He was eager to separate himself from the show to avoid being typecast in the role. From then until 1950 the series continued with various actors playing the two principal parts. The series was originally broadcast from Hollywood. During WWII the show was also broadcast overseas through the Armed Forces Radio Service. ANDROID USERS- 1001 Radio Days right here at Google Podcasts FREE: https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20radio%20days 1001 Classic Short Stories & Tales at Google Podcasts https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vQURMNzU3MzM0Mjg0NQ== 1001 Heroes, Legends, Histories & Mysteries at Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20heroes 1001 Sherlock Holmes Stories (& Tales from Arthur Conan Doyle) https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20sherlock%20holmes 1001 Ghost Stories & Tales of the Macabre on Spotify: https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20ghost%20stories 1001 Stories for the Road on Google Podcasts https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20stories%20for%20the%20road Enjoy 1001 Greatest Love Stories on Google Podcasts https://podcasts.google.com/search/1001%20greatest%20love%20stories 1001 History's Best Storytellers: (author interviews) on Stitcher https://www.stitcher.com/show/1001-historys-best-storytellers APPLE USERS Catch 1001 Heroes on any Apple Device here (Free): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-heroes-legends-histories-mysteries-podcast/id956154836?mt=2  Catch 1001 CLASSIC SHORT STORIES at Apple Podcast App Now: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-classic-short-stories-tales/id1078098622 Catch 1001 Stories for the Road at Apple Podcast now:  https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-stories-for-the-road/id1227478901 NEW Enjoy 1001 Greatest Love Stories on Apple Devices here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-greatest-love-stories/id1485751552 Catch 1001 RADIO DAYS now at Apple iTunes!  https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-radio-days/id1405045413?mt=2 NEW 1001 Ghost Stories & Tales of the Macabre is now playing at Apple Podcasts! https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-ghost-stories-tales-of-the-macabre/id1516332327 NEW Enjoy 1001 History's Best Storytellers (Interviews) on Apple Devices here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-historys-best-storytellers/id1483649026 NEW Enjoy 1001 Sherlock Holmes Stories and The Best of Arthur Conan Doyle https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1001-sherlock-holmes-stories-best-sir-arthur-conan/id1534427618 Get all of our shows at one website: https://.1001storiespodcast.com REVIEWS NEEDED . My email works as well for comments: 1001storiespodcast@gmail.com SUPPORT OUR SHOW BY BECOMING A PATRON! https://.patreon.com/1001storiesnetwork. Its time I started asking for support! Thank you. Its a few dollars a month OR a one time. (Any amount is appreciated). YOUR REVIEWS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS AT APPLE/ITUNES AND ALL ANDROID HOSTS ARE NEEDED AND APPRECIATED! LINKS BELOW.. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

During WWII the Nazis attempted to recruit a team of spies to sabotage factories within the US. Instead what they did was hire a bunch of rejects who took their spy money, got drunk, and hired sex workers until they turned themselves in to the FBI. Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys sources: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/inside-story-how-nazi-plot-sabotage-us-war-effort-was-foiled-180959594/ https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/nazi-saboteurs-and-george-dasch https://web.archive.org/web/20151218132240/http://www.montauklife.com/history/history_night_of_the_nazis.html https://www.spiegel.de/politik/erschiessen-oder-erhaengen-a-77234129-0002-0001-0000-000007859070?context=issue https://www.historynet.com/world-war-ii-german-saboteurs-invade-america-in-1942/

During WWII in Seattle, University of Washington student Gordon Hirabayashi fights the US government's orders to forcibly remove and incarcerate all people of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast. As he struggles to reconcile his country's betrayal with his passionate belief in the US Constitution, Gordon begins a 50-year journey toward a greater understanding of America's triumphs - and a confrontation with its failures."Hold These Truths" is sponsored in part by the California Civil Liberties Program from the California State Library.Directed by Jessica KubzanskyProducing Director: Susan Albert LoewenbergRyun Yu as Gordon HirabayashiMatthew Floyd Miller as Additional voicesSuzy Nakamura as Additional voicesMatt Walker as Additional voicesGreg Watanabe as Additional voicesAssociate Artistic Director: Anna Lyse EriksonSound Designer and Mixing Engineer: Mark Holden for The Invisible Studios, West HollywoodSenior Radio Producer: Ronn LipkinFoley Artist: Jeff GardnerRecording Engineer and Editor: Erick CifuentesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

During WWII in Seattle, University of Washington student Gordon Hirabayashi fights the US government's orders to forcibly remove and incarcerate all people of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast. As he struggles to reconcile his country's betrayal with his passionate belief in the US Constitution, Gordon begins a 50-year journey toward a greater understanding of America's triumphs - and a confrontation with its failures."Hold These Truths" is sponsored in part by the California Civil Liberties Program from the California State Library.Directed by Jessica KubzanskyProducing Director: Susan Albert LoewenbergRyun Yu as Gordon HirabayashiMatthew Floyd Miller as Additional voicesSuzy Nakamura as Additional voicesMatt Walker as Additional voicesGreg Watanabe as Additional voicesAssociate Artistic Director: Anna Lyse EriksonSound Designer and Mixing Engineer: Mark Holden for The Invisible Studios, West HollywoodSenior Radio Producer: Ronn LipkinFoley Artist: Jeff GardnerRecording Engineer and Editor: Erick CifuentesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Egg Wars—a hidden Gold Rush kitchen—when food was scarce and men died for eggs. We travel out to the forbidding Farallon Islands, 27 miles outside San Francisco's Golden Gate, home to the largest seabird colony in the United States. Over 250,000 birds on 14 acres. But it wasn't always so. One hundred seventy years ago it was the site of the “Egg Wars.” During the 1850s, egg hunters gathered over 3 million eggs, violently competing with each other, and nearly stripping the island bare. In 1969 the Point Reyes Bird observatory began working to protect the Farallones. The islands had been through a lot. The devastating fur trade of the 1800s. The Egg Wars. During WWII the Islands were used as a secret navy installation with over 70 people living on the island. From 1946-1970 nearly 50,000 drums of radioactive waste were dumped in the Farallon waters. Fisherman often shot high powered rifles at sea lions and helicopters were causing whales and other animals to panic. Today the Farallones are off limits to all but researchers, some who live out on the desolate island for months in the old lighthouse there. Surrounded by thousands of birds, they wear hard hats to keep the gulls from dive bombing their heads. The Islands are a sanctuary—The Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The Kitchen Sisters were given permission to travel out to the islands on one of the supply runs that goes out to the islands 2 times a month. The Farrallon National Wildlife Refuge is managed by US Fish and Wildlife Service Our story features: Gary Kamiya, journalist and author; Mary Jane Schram, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary; Peter Pyle, Farallon Biologist; Ava Crosante, Illustrator; Peter White, Author of Farallon Islands—Sentinels of the Golden Gate; Skipper Roger Cunningham; Pete Warzybok, Scientist Farallon Islands; Russ Bradly, Farallon Program Leader for Point Blue Conservation Science. Special thanks to: Melissa Pitkin, Point Blue Conservation; Doug Cordell and the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex; Edward Jenkins; Julia Gulka; Sean Gee; Keith Hansen, Eve Williams, Gerry McChesnwey; and the Farallon Marine Sanctuary. The Kitchen Sisters Present is produced by The Kitchen Sisters, Nikki Silva and Davia Nelson, with Nathan Dalton and Brandi Howell. We are part of PRX's Radiotopia Network.

Hedy Lamarr was born to Jewish parents in Austria in 1914. She became an actress and married by the time she was 20. In 1937, she escaped her domineering husband and rising anti-Semitism in Europe, and made her way to America, where she became a Hollywood star celebrated as the most beautiful woman in the world. During WWII, in hopes of aiding America's war effort, Hedy invented a technology that would eventually be used in cell phones, GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. She had beauty and brains in spades.

Photo:  Józef Rapacki - Warsaw Street Types 1926 #PRC: Destroying dissenters with Umvolkung.   Gregory R Copley, @Gregory_Copley, editor and publisher of Defense & Foreign Affairs. LA  https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/panic-shopping-in-beijing-as-covid-cases-raise-fears-of-lockdown/ar-AAWBFdH Umvolkung is a term in Nazi ideology used to describe a process of assimilation of members of the German people as a way for them to forget about their language and their origin. As a neologism, it echoes Umpolung, 'polarity inversion', leading to an interpretation akin to ‘ethnicity inversion'.       During WWII, Germany had plans to conquer almost all of Eastern Europe and process the Umvolkung so that all of the formerly German people who had slowly assimilated and mixed with other ethnicities would again become more German. .

During WWII, Nazis plundered cities across Europe for anything of value. Legend has it that a train filled with stolen riches vanished in 1945, and treasure hunters have been searching for it ever since. A strange development in 2021 might mean they're closer than ever. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices