Podcasts about Christianization

In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Christopher Zehnder, and Andrew Sorokowski interview Carlo Lancellotti, author of Touchstone article entitled "America vs. Europe: Two Roads to Totalitarianism" (June 4, 2025)Questions asked:1. In your article you argue that although Europe was ahead of the US in terms of "overt" secularization, American "cultural de-Christianization" actually preceded Europe's. Could you explain for our listeners and viewers what you mean by these two types of secularization?2. If this understanding is correct, does it argue a rather superficial view on the part of American Christians as to what it means to have a Christianized society or nation? That Americans have long regarded themselves as religious merely on the basis of certain limited areas of external behavior while our intellectual and cultural life has been dominated by "a scientistic, utilitarian, individualistic, and materialistic worldview"?3. It is a commonplace that American society has been individualistic. Would you say that this is both a cause and a result of the fact that Americans have a very weak concept of culture and the effect of culture on individual persons, and that hence we have viewed religion as simply a private affair? And if that related to the variety of religious groups in the U.S. and its generally Protestant cultural tone?4. You refer to a discussion in the 1990s between Fr. Richard John Neuhaus and David L. Schindler, in which the former called for a revival of a "Puritan-Lockean synthesis" in the US, while the latter argued that the American "dualism" of faith versus reason had led to a separation of religion from knowledge, and thus to secularization. Would you say that Schindler's view has been vindicated by events since the 1990s?5. You cite the Italian philosopher Augusto Del Noce regarding scientism and "politicism," and the relation between secularism and totalitarianism. Could you comment on Del Noce's views on these topics and generally on his importance for understanding modernity?6. When thinking about "politicism," do we need to distinguish between modern and classical understandings of what we mean by the political? For example, you wrote "I believe we must call totalitarian any worldview that affirms the supremacy of politics above all aspects of social life and absorbs into politics all other forms of culture, like education, science, religion, art, and so on." Now in his Ethics (Bk. I, 2) Aristotle wrote, "If, then, there is some end of the things we do, which we desire for its own sake...clearly this must be the good and the chief good.... It would seem to belong to the most authoritative art and that which is most truly the master art. And politics appears to be of this nature; for it is this that ordains which of the sciences should be studied in a state, and which each class of citizens should learn and up to what point they should learn them; and we see even the most highly esteemed of capacities to fall under this, e.g. strategy, economics, rhetoric..." So are moderns and Aristotle speaking about the same thing? Or is there a hidden totalitarianism in Aristotle?7. You end on a somewhat positive note, arguing that secular modernity is destroying the very institutions upon which is depends, and yet is unable to preserve, and that Christians can feel this void by "showing them in concrete ways (in education, at work, in the family, even in politics) that faith not only connects us with God, but also makes us able to address more intelligently the human needs we have in common with everybody." As far as you can see, have we begun to do anything effective along these lines? Do you have any specific ideas of how we might implement such a proposal?

In this episode of the Woo Curious Podcast, Eileen dives into the rich history and vibrant traditions of Beltane, an ancient Celtic festival marking the beginning of summer. She explains the various rituals associated with Beltane, including the symbolic community bonfire, handfasting ceremonies, and the planting of seeds. Eileen also touches on the Christianization of Beltane into Mayday and its continued cultural significance. Additionally, the episode highlights upcoming events and courses, offering listeners ways to connect more deeply with their spiritual journey and the natural cycles of the year.Unleash Your Inner WitchWise Moves With MegTake the Which Witch Are You QuizConnect with Eileen on InstagramFollow Eileen on Insight TimerSend Eileen an email

The text discusses the contrast between a society governed by external, hierarchical authority, which can lead to either societal weakness or brittle rigidity, and a Christian system guided by the Holy Spirit that promotes self-sufficiency and mutual respect. In the Christian model, each individual's work is valued and compensated, eliminating debts, taxes, and social issues, thereby fostering peace and cohesion. The passage advocates for a transformation towards a Christian society where the church facilitates a fair and self-sustaining system, free from the oppressive influences of the state.

Faith, as discussed, is not merely a belief in the saving grace of Christ but a motivator for a life of works that reflect one's faith. Unlike works done for show, which are phenomenological and lack true meaning, works imbued with faith are operational and impactful. Faith is demonstrated through a commitment to the community of believers, emphasizing investment in the church's growth over immediate consumption of personal gains. This approach to faith aligns with the teachings of James, positioning faith as an active, productive force within Christian life, essential for true Christianization.

Send us a Positive Review!Series Title: Community Healing: How our Greatest Wounds & our Greatest Healing Happens through Human Relationship [Part VIII of VIII]Join Valerie in the final episode of a series exploring the beauty of community healing in the context of an LDS faith crisis. In this episode you will meet two current members of Valerie's brand new advanced content group, processing the impact of growing up in a patriarchal world and church. This group dives deeply into how each and every one of us has been deeply impacted by the "Christianization of Patriarchy," and how awareness of our roots brings about healing and wholeness. Valerie made a point to invite both a woman and a man from the new group to join her in this episode, where they could not only share their own personal journeys of awakening but also reflect on what it was like to witness someone of the opposite gender go through their own process of learning and growth. Support the showWant to support Valerie & Nathan?Share this episode Become a Friday Listener: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2363568/subscribe Make a donation: ⁠Venmo or Patreon⁠ Join a group: https://valeriehamaker.com/support-groups/ Visit our website: https://valeriehamaker.com/

When is peace not peace? When does pluralism only seem like pluralism from the perspective of the people in power? Christianity famously took form during the Pax Romana—an era of celebrated stability in the Roman empire—even as its message about the dawn of the messianic age and the coming of the kingdom of God resonated among those who saw the same age, instead, as a time of political oppression, cosmic upheaval, and eschatological unraveling. Likewise, to the degree that the Roman empire can be characterized by terms like ethnic “diversity” and religious “tolerance,” it was in a manner marked by massive erasures—both of knowledge and ways of knowing, pertaining to whole peoples. Arguably, a parallel dynamic marks Christian approaches to Jews and so-called “heretics” and “pagans,” with consequences for memory, forgetting, and archival amnesias especially with the empire's Christianization—and with rippling effects that continue to shape our present. In this session of "Religion and Just Peace | A Series of Public Online Conversations," Annette Yoshiko Reed, Krister Stendahl Professor of Divinity and Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity, reflected upon the perennial questions above using examples from these ancient religions and empires. This is the second event of a five-part series of online public conversations with members of the HDS faculty to explore what an expansive understanding of religion can provide to the work of just peacebuilding. This event took place on February 3, 2025. Full transcript: https://www.hds.harvard.edu/news/2025/02/03/video-empire-and-epistemicide-historical-perspectives-rhetoric-peace-and-its-erasures

Dr Salmah Eva-Lina Lawrence joins us to bring back the discussion on the intersection among coloniality of gender, knowledge and race. And to do so, she shares with us her experience in the Pacific Islands. Drawing on her matrilineal heritage from Papua New Guinea and her extensive experience of decolonising international development, Salmah links theory and practice with insights from ethics, epistemology and feminism. From her role in governance and civil society to her academic contributions, Salmah offers a nuanced perspective on the dismantling of colonial frameworks in development.Sources: Jean Louis Rallu, The Impact of Colonization and Christianization on Gender Violence in the Pacific IslandsSeema Khan, Gender Issues in the Pacific IslandsPacific Women:  Ending discrimination on the basis of sexuality, gender identity and expression Dr Salmah's website and training opportunitiesThe transcript is here

In this episode of The Holistic Trauma Healing Podcast, Lindsey Lockett continues her Nourish Your Nervous System series with part 10, exploring the topic of ancestral nourishment. While acknowledging that ancestral healing is an area where she still feels like a student, Lindsey shares her personal experiences with genealogy, ancestral trauma, and connection to those who came before us. She dives deep into how ancestral trauma is passed down through generations, from emotional wounds to adaptive survival patterns like addiction, scarcity mindset, and chronic illness. Lindsey also explores the historical impacts of colonization, Christianization, and systemic overculture trauma on our collective and individual nervous systems. Through personal stories, thought-provoking insights, and practical steps, this episode offers a powerful reflection on how we can nourish our relationship with our ancestors, honor their struggles, and embrace the resilience that allowed us to exist today. 8 Practical Ways to Connect with Your Ancestors: 1️⃣ Research your ancestry and build a family tree using resources like Ancestry.com or FamilySearch.org2️⃣ Ask living relatives to share stories and write them down for future generations3️⃣ Display photos of ancestors in your home to honor them4️⃣ Visit gravesites or ancestral lands and leave small offerings5️⃣ Call on your well-in-spirit ancestors for guidance, protection, and support6️⃣ Create an “ancestor plate” at special family meals and offer a portion of food to them7️⃣ Hold onto meaningful heirlooms like jewelry, tools, clothing, or art8️⃣ Choose a symbolic sign (e.g., a hummingbird, number, or object) to represent an ancestor's presence Resources Mentioned:

  Please hit Subscribe/Follow and leave a 5-star positive review. Click here to go to our Patreon Page. https://www.patreon.com/c/222ParanormalPodcast Click here to go to Jens Poashmark Closet. https://poshmark.com/closet/happie22 Click here to go to Our website. https://www.222paranormal.com/   In this episode of the 222 Paranormal Podcast, hosts Joe and Jennifer delve deep into the chilling and eerie history of the Black Forest of Colorado. Known for its dense woods and ominous atmosphere, the Black Forest has long been a site of unsettling occurrences and unexplained phenomena. The hosts take listeners on a journey through the forest's dark past, exploring stories of paranormal sightings, ghostly apparitions, and strange happenings that have baffled locals for decades. OE and Jennifer discuss numerous accounts of encounters with shadowy figures, unexplained voices, and the sense of being watched that many visitors have reported while hiking or camping in the area. As they investigate the forest's eerie reputation, they touch on the region's historical significance, including Native American legends and early settler tales that suggest the forest has been a hotspot for the supernatural for centuries. The hosts also explore the idea that the energy of the land might be connected to the area's tumultuous history, with conflicts between indigenous tribes and settlers leaving behind a lingering spiritual presence. Throughout the episode, OE and Jennifer engage with listeners by inviting them to consider the Black Forest's mysterious aura, while also encouraging them to share their own experiences with paranormal activity. They delve into the psychology behind why places like the Black Forest have such a magnetic pull on the curious and adventurous, drawing people in despite the unsettling stories that surround it. By the end of the episode, listeners are left with an eerie sense of wonder, pondering whether the Black Forest is truly haunted, or if its reputation is the product of a centuries-old mystery that refuses to be solved. The Legend of the flying dog, know as Aralez. The aralez are most prominently associated with the story of the legendary Armenian king Ara the Handsome. According to this legend, the Assyrian queen Semiramis (Shamiram) called on the aralez to lick the wounds of and revive Ara the Handsome after he was killed in battle. By popular interpretation, this was the origin of the word aralez, from the name "Ara" and lez, the root of the word lizel 'to lick'. According to the Armenian history attributed to Faustus of Byzantium, after Mushegh Mamikonian was killed, his relatives placed his corpse on a tower, hoping that the aralezes would revive him.This indicates that belief in the aralez was still current in fourth- and fifth-century Armenia, following the Christianization of the country. Welcome to the 222 Paranormal Podcast, your gateway to the captivating world of the supernatural. Immerse yourself in our expertly crafted episodes, where we delve deep into a wide range of paranormal phenomena, including ghostly hauntings, cryptid sightings, and unexplained mysteries that defy logic. Each episode is meticulously researched and features engaging discussions with leading experts, seasoned ghost hunters, and renowned paranormal investigators. We cover the latest advancements in ghost hunting technology, offer practical tips for both amateur and experienced investigators, and review essential equipment for your paranormal adventures. Our podcast also explores the rich history of haunted locations, sharing true stories and firsthand accounts that will send chills down your spine. Whether you're a die-hard fan of the paranormal or just curious about the unknown, our content is designed to entertain, inform, and ignite your imagination. Stay tuned as we uncover secrets from the most haunted places around the world and analyze the most intriguing supernatural events. We also provide in-depth interviews with notable figures in the field and explore theories that challenge conventional understanding of reality. By subscribing to our Paranormal Podcast, you'll stay updated with the latest episodes, allowing you to join a community of like-minded individuals who share your fascination with the unexplained. Don't miss out on our exclusive content and special features, which bring you closer to the mysteries that lie beyond our everyday experiences. Dive into the world of the unknown with our Paranormal Podcast and experience the thrill of discovering what lies just beyond the veil of reality.  

Psychedelic scholar and Word Up favorite, Robert Forte, returned to the podcast to talk about the early days of microdosing and how “the secret that everybody knew” became a tech bro fad/multi-illion dollar psyop.Part 2:danikatz.locals.comwww.patreon.com/danikatzAll things Dani, including books, courses, webinars and coaching:www.danikatz.comShow notes:Micro-dosing: "the secret everybody knew"“Acid Hype: American News Media and the Psychedelic Experience” by Steven Siff'Father of Microdosing'- James Fadiman & LSDInsertion of micro-dosing into social arena via mediaPlacebo to clinical effectsCIA & the Psychedelic Renaissance1960's Anti-war movement- Weathermen Underground Psychedelic psy-op as gov't mind control‘Severity of initiation' studiesMysticism and formation of cultsPodcasters- agents for control or seekers of truthCurrent micro-dosing trend- helpful or harmful?Zuckerberg- modelling “only happy/no shadow-work"Psychedelics aren't for everybody- “the rich get richer"The Upanishads- micro-dosing is a personal exploration Ayahuasca- perversion of a sacred shamanistic practiceImpermanence of life“Christianization” of psychedelics

In this episode, we dive into the dark origins of Krampus, tracing his roots back to ancient pagan winter solstice rituals and the Wild Hunt. From fearsome nature spirits to his role as Saint Nicholas' dark counterpart, Krampus embodies the chaotic balance between light and dark, good and evil. We explore how Krampus evolved through Christianization, was suppressed by the Church and Nazis, and is now experiencing a cultural resurgence. Tune in for a journey through folklore, mythology, and the twisted history of this iconic holiday figure.

This week, Kate begins by recapping her experience seeing Wicked twice and shares her favorite Easter eggs, then answers listener voicemails that are a combination of nostalgic pop culture, millennial travel icons, and a witchy women's studies lesson. In this episode, Kate reassures listeners that when America decides, it's not always on our side, as evidenced by many years of questionable voting behavior from the majority that brought us the Soul Patrol on American Idol. Then she pilots something she'll never do again called Bethtern Civ, where she explores the medieval demonizing of folk magic and pagan rituals later referred to as ‘witchcraft' in the context of it being in opposition to the Christianization of the West. Lastly, she snorkels millennial queen/icon/legend, Samantha Brown: Travel Guide, and Kate shares how Sam's sensible haircut and can-do attitude at waterparks inspired her modern love for hotels and resorts. Enjoy!Order Kate's NYT Bestselling book, One in a Millennial here!Text or leave a voicemail for Kate at 775-HEY-BETH!Thank you to AllModern for furnishing Kate's Season 2 Studio! AllModern has the best of modern furniture and decor all in one place. With styles from Scandi and mid-century, to minimalist and maximalist, every design is hand-vetted for quality by their team of experts. Plus they have fast + free shipping! Check out allmodern.com; you'll find Kate's bookshelves here and her new rug here!For a limited time, visit AuraFrames.com and get $45 off Aura's best-selling Carver Mat frames by using promo code BETHEREINFIVE at checkout. This exclusive Black Friday Cyber Monday deal is their best of the year, so don't miss out! Terms and conditions apply.This weekend only, I can offer you an exclusive 45% off discount code. This code is the best discount you'll find for Cozy Earth year-round! Visit cozyearth.com/BETHEREINFIVE and code BETHEREINFIVE to get the best products for your loved ones this holiday season. Don't miss out! Wrap the Ones You Love in Luxury with Cozy Earth!25% off Sitewide + a FREE Bedding Bundle (2 Dream Pillows, Sheet Set, and Mattress Protector) with any Luxe or Elite mattress order at HelixSleep.com/BeThereInFive.To get 15% off your next gift, go to UNCOMMONGOODS.com/BETHEREINFIVE. Don't miss out on this limited time offer! Uncommon Goods. We're all out of the ordinary.

Another week, another Adam's Paternity Leave release, this time we've got the one, the only Patricia Charbonneau, about whom this podcast is centrally concerned. As mentioned last week, this is content that's been behind the Patreon paywall for a while. Patreon payments are frozen for the time being. New Munchies can't join as paying members until that's unpaused, but you can join as a free member and at least be kept abreast of pod news...When questions like “If I die, and there's a hot tub, can I be made a saint?” get posed, you know things got weird. This installment in Munchstory has Adam and Josh covering “Streetwise” (S9E11) like a blanket on a mattress—or a society doucher, apparently. This episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit has it all. Mae Whitman going from glitz to gutter and back again. STUNTS! Adam Beach. A bum family complete with a pretty messianic cult leader dad who isn't afraid to go big. True Munchies will enjoy the diversions through high society, defunct Swedish automotive companies, the conditions necessary for beatification and the Christianization of the Welsh, defunct NYC music institutions, the nature of paintball, and much, much more.Sources:“What Are Three Teenagers Supposed to Do When the FBI Raids Their House” by Kathleen Garrett - Zocalo Public Square“I Could Never Talk to My Dad About How I Saved Him from Prison” by Kathleen Garrett - Zocalo Public SquarePaintballs 101: Everything You Need to Know About Paint - Paint the CompetitionArlington Mom Who Cried Rape Gets Five Years in Slaying - Fort Worth Star-TelegramMusic:Divorcio Suave - “Munchy Business”Thanks to our gracious Munchies on Patreon: Jeremy S, Jaclyn O, Amy Z, Nikki B, Diana R, Tony B, Zak B, Barry W, Drew D, Nicky R, Stuart, Jacqi B, Natalie T, Robyn S, Christine L, Amy A, Sean M, Jay S, Briley O, Asteria K, Suzanne B, Tim Y, Douglas P, John P, John W, Elia S, Rebecca B, Kevin, Lily, Lucy, Sarah L, Melsa A, Alyssa C, Johnathon M, Tiffany C, Brian B, Kate K, Alison M, Whitney C, Alex, and Kaytlyn B - y'all are the best!Be a Munchie, too! Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/munchmybensonBe sure to check out our other podcast diving into long unseen films of our guests' youth: Unkind Rewind at our website or on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcastsFollow us on: BlueSky, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Threads, and Reddit (Adam's Twitter/BlueSky and Josh's Twitter/BlueSky/Letterboxd/Substack)Join our Discord: Munch Casts ServerCheck out Munch Merch: Munch Merch at ZazzleCheck out our guest appearances:Both of us on: FMWL Pod (1st Time & 2nd Time), Storytellers from Ratchet Book Club, Chick-Lit at the Movies talking about The Thin Man, and last but not least on the seminal L&O podcast …These Are Their Stories (Adam and Josh).Josh debating the Greatest Detectives in TV History on The Great Pop Culture Debate Podcast and talking SVU/OC on Jacked Up Review Show.Visit Our Website: Munch My BensonEmail the podcast: munchmybenson@gmail.comThe Next New Episode Once We're Back from Adam's Paternity Leave Will Be: Season 16, Episode 14 "Intimidation Game"Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/munch-my-benson-a-law-order-svu-podcast--5685940/support.

Send us a textThis week, Jonathan and Ryan discuss two early medieval selections from Richard M. Gamble's The Great Tradition, one taken from Gregory the Great, perhaps the most significant pope in the history of Christendom, and another from Alcuin of York, adviser to Charlemagne and architect of the Carolingian Renaissance. Both Gregory and Alcuin were churchmen, statesmen, scholars, and are linked closely to the Christianization of Britain. Jonathan and Ryan discuss the relation between rational thought and proper grammar, the Great Books according to Medievals, and whether education properly belongs to the contemplative life or the active life.Richard M. Gamble's The Great Tradition: https://amzn.to/3Q4lRnOBede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People: https://bookshop.org/a/25626/9780140445657New Humanists episode with Tim Griffith on Latin Teaching: https://newhumanists.buzzsprout.com/1791279/episodes/14692390-the-art-of-language-teaching-feat-tim-griffith-episode-lxivAndrew Beck interview in Align: https://www.theblaze.com/align/interview-beck-stone-co-founder-andrew-beckNew Humanists episode with John Peterson: https://newhumanists.buzzsprout.com/1791279/episodes/12698279-education-that-makes-aquinas-look-modern-feat-john-peterson-episode-xlviNew Humanists is brought to you by the Ancient Language Institute: https://ancientlanguage.com/Links may have referral codes, which earn us a commission at no additional cost to you. We encourage you, when possible, to use Bookshop.org for your book purchases, an online bookstore which supports local bookstores.Music: Save Us Now by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com

The Ancient Greeks believed they existed before the dawn of time, yet they're a mystery to most, so, for this week's Bonus Episode we're exploring the long and complex history of Nymphs!Part of the "Three Ravens Bestiary" series, we start off discussing the roles Nymphs played in the Greco-Roman pantheon, including how they were classified and eventually used, in Imperial projects, to present local and regional gods of pagan cultures, such as the Celts and Britons, as less powerful than the Olympians. This then sees us look at examples of some ancient genius loci from across England, including those found in shrines at Hadrian's Wall, where some local deities defied the odds and survived well into Christianization, later becoming recognised as Saints. From there we head in two directions - firstly, forward, via Chaucer, Marvell and Shakespeare, into a place where Nymphs and Faeries got a little bit muddled up in the British mindset. After that, we journey back to the start, exploring how writers like Hesiod, Homer, and many others, developed and contributed to the collective idea of 'Nymph Lore' - the roles Nymphs played in city foundation, how they were worshiped, and what 'Nympholepsy' - Nymph Madness - was, and why some people sought it out! Via discussions of the 18th century invention of the idea of 'Nymphomania' - in contrast with other misogynistic (and anti-British) ideas such as Tacitus' characterisation of the Roman Witch Empress Messalina, the vengeful Iceni Queen Boudica, and figures like Britannicus, we wash up in the present day - a time when being called a "nymph" seems to have nothing to do with nature spirits, and much more to do with systems of power and control...The Three Ravens is an English Myth and Folklore podcast hosted by award-winning writers Martin Vaux and Eleanor Conlon.Released on Mondays, each weekly episode focuses on one of England's 39 historic counties, exploring the history, folklore and traditions of the area, from ghosts and mermaids to mythical monsters, half-forgotten heroes, bloody legends, and much, much more. Then, and most importantly, the pair take turns to tell a new version of an ancient story from that county - all before discussing what that tale might mean, where it might have come from, and the truths it reveals about England's hidden past...Bonus Episodes are released on Thursdays (Magic and Medicines about folk remedies and arcane spells, Three Ravens Bestiary about cryptids and mythical creatures, Dying Arts about endangered heritage crafts, and Something Wicked about folkloric true crime from across history) plus Local Legends episodes on Saturdays - interviews with acclaimed authors, folklorists, podcasters and historians with unique perspectives on that week's county.With a range of exclusive content on Patreon, too, including audio ghost tours, the Three Ravens Newsletter, and monthly Three Ravens Film Club episodes about folk horror films from across the decades, why not join us around the campfire and listen in?Learn more at www.threeravenspodcast.com, join our Patreon at www.patreon.com/threeravenspodcast, and find links to our social media channels here: https://linktr.ee/threeravenspodcast Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Sverige har inte så många genuint starka exporter. Järnmalm kanske? ABBA – definitivt! Men frågan är om någonting egentligen slår vikingarna. De dyker upp japanska manga-serier, deras gudar som hjältar (eller skurkar) i fläskiga Hollywood-filmer och vi sätter dem på all merch avsedda för turister.Men i Historiepodden har vi inte slösat med avsnitt om vikingar. Dags för blot och bättring i och med det här matiga avsnittet om hur det kom sig att de små och osäkra statsbildningarna i norr anammade kors och dop. Vi pratar Ansgar, Västergötland och Vilhelm Mobergs antipati mot asatro.Mycket nöje!—Läslista:Price, Neil S., Ask och Emblas barn: vikingarnas historia, Daidalos, Göteborg, 2024Harrison, Dick, Vikingarnas historia, Historiska Media, Lund, 2020Larsdotter, Anna ”När Sverige blev kristet” i Populär historia 6/08Ekero Eriksson, Kristina ”Vikingatid och tidig medeltid” i Populär historia 5/20Rydén, Daniel, Den märkligaste boken i världen & andra mysterier, Historiska Media, Lund, 2021Henrikson, Alf, Dansk historia, Bonnier, Stockholm, 1989Moberg, Vilhelm, Min svenska historia berättad för folket, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1970-1971Nilsson, Bertil (red.), Kristnandet i Sverige: gamla källor och nya perspektiv = The Christianization in Sweden : old sources and new perspectives, Lunne böcker, Uppsala, 1996 Lyssna på våra avsnitt fritt från reklam: https://plus.acast.com/s/historiepodden. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Halloween is a widely celebrated holiday that involves costumes, candy, and a variety of spooky activities. However, for many Christians, the origins and themes of Halloween raise important questions. Should believers participate in a holiday with roots in paganism and associations with the occult? This question is a matter of personal conviction, but exploring biblical principles can help guide us toward a thoughtful, Christ-centered decision.--The PursueGOD Family podcast helps you think biblically about marriage and parenting. Join Bryan and Tracy Dwyer on Wednesday mornings for new topics every week or two. Find resources to talk about these episodes at pursueGOD.org/family.Help others go "full circle" as a follower of Jesus through our 12-week Pursuit series.Click here to learn more about how to use these resources at home, with a small group, or in a one-on-one discipleship relationship.Got questions or want to leave a note? Email us at podcast@pursueGOD.org.Donate Now --The History of All Hallow's Eve: The Origins of HalloweenAll Hallow's Eve, now widely known as Halloween, is a holiday with deep historical roots that stretch back centuries. Its origins lie in the blending of ancient pagan traditions with early Christian practices, resulting in a complex history that reflects the intersection of cultures, beliefs, and religious observances.1. Ancient Celtic Festival of SamhainThe earliest origins of Halloween can be traced to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced "sow-in"), which was celebrated by the Celts over 2,000 years ago, primarily in what is now Ireland, the UK, and northern France. Samhain marked the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter, which was often associated with death. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31, the boundary between the physical world and the spirit world became thin, allowing ghosts and spirits to cross over.During Samhain, people would light bonfires and wear costumes made from animal skins to ward off wandering spirits. Offerings of food and drink were also made to appease the spirits, ensuring protection from harm during the harsh winter months.2. The Roman InfluenceAs the Roman Empire expanded and conquered Celtic lands by the first century AD, the Romans brought their own festivals and beliefs, which blended with the local traditions. One such Roman festival was Feralia, a day in late October when Romans commemorated the dead. Another was Pomona, a celebration of the goddess of fruits and trees. The association of Pomona with apples likely contributed to later Halloween traditions such as bobbing for apples.3. Christianization of Samhain: All Saints' DayWith the spread of Christianity across Europe, many pagan festivals were Christianized to align with church doctrine. In the 8th century, Pope Gregory III moved All Saints' Day—a day to honor all Christian saints and martyrs—to November 1. This was likely an attempt to replace or overshadow Samhain, which fell on the previous day. The evening before All Saints' Day became known as All Hallows' Eve, meaning “the evening before All Saints.” Over time, the name evolved into "Halloween."All Saints' Day (also called All Hallows' Day) was followed by All Souls' Day on November 2, a day to pray for the souls of the deceased who had not yet entered heaven. Together, these days formed a trilogy of holy observances dedicated to the dead, which...

Jive Book Review of Theurgy and the Soul by Gregory Shaw, Professor of Religious Studies at Stonehill College. In this work he outlines the philosophy and ritual practise of Iamblichus of Syria (ca. 240 325), whose teachings set the final form of pagan spirituality prior to the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Theurgy literally means "divine action" or "godly work"I describe how this work is useful for modern polythesists including Heathens like myself.

Sources: https://www.returntotradition.org Contact Me: Email: return2catholictradition@gmail.com Support My Work: Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AnthonyStine SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.net/return-to-tradition Buy Me A Coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/AnthonyStine Physical Mail: Anthony Stine PO Box 3048 Shawnee, OK 74802 Follow me on the following social media: https://www.facebook.com/ReturnToCatholicTradition/ https://twitter.com/pontificatormax +JMJ+ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/anthony-stine/support

In this soft-spoken bedtime story, I tell you about the History of the Norsemen in the Middle Ages. At the end of the Eighth Century, they embarked on raids, explorations, and conquests farther and farther from their homelands in Scandinavia. This took them as far east as the Volga River in Russia and Byzantium, and as far west as America, even though they did not stay there for long. They founded colonies such as Iceland or Vineland in Newfoundland, Canada, created new states such as the Kievan Rus', and settled in regions like Yorkshire or Normandy. We explore the reasons why they suddenly became outward-looking, what their societies were like, and how things unfolded until Christianization and the formation of larger kingdoms in Scandinavia (in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), that put an end to the Viking Age. Welcome to Lights Out LibraryJoin me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style stories read in a calming voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep.Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños!En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠

Full Text of ReadingsFriday of the Nineteenth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 417The Saint of the day is Saint Stephen of HungarySaint Stephen of Hungary’s Story The Church is universal, but its expression is always affected—for good or ill—by local culture. There are no “generic” Christians; there are Mexican Christians, Polish Christians, Filipino Christians. This fact is evident in the life of Stephen, national hero and spiritual patron of Hungary. Born a pagan, he was baptized around the age of 10, together with his father, chief of the Magyars, a group who migrated to the Danube area in the ninth century. At 20, he married Gisela, sister to the future emperor, Saint Henry. When he succeeded his father, Stephen adopted a policy of Christianization of the country for both political and religious reasons. He suppressed a series of revolts by pagan nobles and welded the Magyars into a strong national group. He asked the pope to provide for the Church's organization in Hungary—and also requested that the pope confer the title of king upon him. He was crowned on Christmas day in 1001. Stephen established a system of tithes to support churches and pastors and to relieve the poor. Out of every 10 towns one had to build a church and support a priest. He abolished pagan customs with a certain amount of violence, and commanded all to marry, except clergy and religious. He was easily accessible to all, especially the poor. In 1031, his son Emeric died, and the rest of Stephen's days were embittered by controversy over his successor. His nephews attempted to kill him. He died in 1038 and was canonized, along with his son, in 1083. Reflection God's gift of holiness is a Christlike love of God and humanity. Love must sometimes bear a stern countenance for the sake of ultimate good. Christ attacked hypocrites among the Pharisees, but died forgiving them. Paul excommunicated the incestuous man at Corinth “that his spirit may be saved.” Some Christians fought the Crusades with noble zeal, in spite of the unworthy motives of others. Today, after senseless wars, and with a deeper understanding of the complex nature of human motives, we shrink from any use of violence—physical or “silent.” This wholesome development continues as people debate whether it is possible for a Christian to be an absolute pacifist or whether evil must sometimes be repelled by force. Saint Stephen of Hungary is the Patron Saint of: BricklayersHungary Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

In this episode of 'Creation's Paths,' Charlie, a non-binary sci-fi fantasy writer, and their husband Brian explore the esoteric aspects of early Christianity and Christopaganism. They delve into the complex historical context of the first to third centuries, discussing the influence of hekhalot and merkava mysticism on early Christian thought. The episode covers the forgotten origins of Christianity, the role of mysticism in early Jewish and Christian traditions. Key topics include the chaos of the first century, the diverse Jewish sects at the time, and the mystic traditions like the vision of Ezekiel and the book of Enoch. The episode also touches on the influence of the apostle Paul and the early Christian schisms between Gnostics and proto-Orthodox beliefs. Join the discussion to gain a deeper understanding of the hidden historical and mystical roots of Christianity.Support us on: https://ko-fi.com/cedorsettBecome a patron of the arts patreon.com/cedorsettFor Educational Resource: Wisdoms Cry https://wisdomscry.comFor all of the things we are doing at The Seraphic Grove go to Creation's Paths https://www.creationspaths.com/BlueSky https://bsky.app/profile/creationspaths.comThreads https://www.threads.net/@creationspathsInstagram https://www.instagram.com/creationspaths/Transcript:Charlie- New: [00:00:00] Hello and welcome to this episode of creation's paths. Today, we're going to talk about something a little bit more esoteric something a little bit deeper. We're going to look at the question who shall ascend and who has descended and why this is important for us to understand the history origins and potential future of Christianity and Christopaganism. Intro . Hello everyone. My name is Charlie. I am a non-binary scifi fantasy writer, and I am joined today by my wonderful husband, Brian. Brian - New: Hello. Charlie- New: Today we're going to be talking about something a little bit. Like I said in the intro esoteric. I don't want anybody to get worried. I am not expecting people to be a master of hekhalot [00:01:00] mysticism or merkava mysticism, or to even know what either of those two words I just said, meant. It's important though that we understand this because. The origins of Christianity have been. . Swept under the rug. So obscured. By an Imperial tradition that came along later. We have forgotten where it actually came from. And the arguments that were actually happening. In the first century. Well, I guess the first five centuries, but really for our sake here, we're talking about the first one to three centuries. Of the church. This colors, everything. It goes to the question of who is Jesus. It goes to the question of what is the kingdom. It goes into the question of. What. Is the work of somebody on the way. It also will probably help you understand. who the apostle Paul is and why Paul converted to Christianity. Without ever having met Jesus. [00:02:00] Because we. Like to play. Dumb about the first century. I don't mean that to be insulting. I mean, that, to be. Self-preserving. First century. Of the common era. Was chaotic in ways that it is really hard to get your mind around. Rome was doing all of the many things that Rome was doing. Which goes everywhere from the good, the bad to the extremely ugly and grotesque. When we go into the Lavant, when we go into the land of Judea and Galilee, one, most people don't even realize those are two separate countries for. Lack of a better term terms. The Galilee and Judea had different rulers and different leadership. They were both under Rome. That's why in the crucifixion narratives, punches, pilot, who was in charge of Judea. sends. Jesus too. Herod. Because Herod was the king over the Galilee. Okay. It's all getting over [00:03:00] complex. And that's why we don't think about it. We don't want to think about it. We like to think Jesus was the only miracle working. prophet in the first century. He was not, I'm not going to go down the long list of them. But there was a long list of them. He was not even the only person. Who claimed or was believed to be the Jewish Messiah in the first century, he was not, there were several of them. In fact, the Talmud goes through and says a lot about a lot of these people. First century. Was a complex time of upheaval and change. Because the Roman empire. Was just coming into being, we like to think of the Roman empire as something that is ancient and to us. Yes. At the time. The Roman Republic had just fallen. See Julius Caesar had been killed, not that long ago in our narrative and Augustus. Was the first real Roman emperor. So when you open the gospels and you see this. The time of Caesar [00:04:00] Augustus. This is a time of great turmoil, the Republic, the democratic Republic for whatever the word democratic. Fits into the way the Romans did things . The democratic Republic had fallen and was being replaced by this new Imperial state. That would go on for. A long time. At least a thousand years to the follow-up of. Byzantium. In Constantinople. It went on for quite some time. But everything's been reordered. And so there is a lot of chaos. Not only is there a lot of chaos, but because. Judea had not been conquered for that long. There's a lot going on with, in. The meilu of first century Judaism. I'm not going to go into all of the different aspects of it, but you can see this preserved in the gospels themselves, where Jesus is talking about four distinct se Of Jews that were alive at the time. You have the Pharisees, the Sadducees, the scribes. Which there's a lot of [00:05:00] contention over. Exactly. Who he's referring to as describes that could actually refer to several groups or several groups that are being lumped together into one category and the priests. And we know who the priests are. He's talking about four groups just in the gospels, at minimum. And that's not all of them. There were a lot more, in fact, amongst his. Disciples. We have. One who is referred to as a zealot. Now, this was a completely different sect of Judaism that existed in the first century. That was neither a He has scriber priest. So now we're up to five, just within the confines of the new Testament. Just what's in the gospels. So needless to say, this is a very complex time. Out of this new nascent religion gets started. Which initially called itself the way and that we now know as crazy as Christianity. But what were they doing? What was going on here? I and a lot of other folk. [00:06:00] Tend to believe that Jesus and the apostles. We're. Participating in what was known as either. hekhalot mysticism. Or merkava mysticism. Now these two words are virtually interchangeable. They're not interchangeable, but there's a lot of overlap. And confusion where many texts. Have both in them. So let's go to English for a second. hekhalot means palaces. Merkava means charity. Starting at about the third century, fifth to third century before the common era. A fascination was born in to the idea of how we're profits profits. The last prophet that we have recorded. In scriptures, Malakai and Malakai. That's fifth century. Before the common era. And then the profits are gone. They're just gone. Despite what many of us might be thinking. well, God just got quiet. the old Testament talks about schools of profits. They taught each other. They [00:07:00] learned things. Well, if there's a school, then it's something you can learn. So the idea is these lessons got lost and people started looking for them. Mystics started happening. Various people started trying to, connect to God in various ways. And an obsession grew. Around the vision of Ezekiel. Where he sees. So much. He sees the four living creatures. He sees the ophanim that are often referred to as biblically, accurate angels, even though. There's a good argument that they're not even angels. Brian - New: Deep topic. Yeah. Charlie- New: I get really upset when I see biblically accurate angels and they show a picture of a ophanim. Because the ophanim. There. The wheels. And I often sit mispronounced that word and I apologize. It's ophanim wheels. I often. Get my consonant mixed up in there. So. I apologize if I say it wrong. The wheels. Are not necessarily angels they're spirits, [00:08:00] but it's all fun. What people started wondering. Is whether or not you could decode. All aspects of this. And find a way to reconnect to God. And get that wisdom back that prophecy back that connection to the divine back. This is the start of Merkava mysticism. The difference between Merkava mysticism and hekhalot mysticism. Again, this is a gross oversimplification. Is in Merkava they focused on the divine chariot. That is mentioned in this vision. In hekhalot hekhalot means the palaces. Saint Teresa of Avila is interior castle. You're going through the various rooms of the palaces of heaven. Rather than. The various rooms that are within the chair. Gross simplification. There you go. Now most people who are familiar with this at all. Are familiar with it in the book of Enoch. Enoch is a work of hekhalot literature, especially 30. 30. Enoch is. [00:09:00] Straight up Merkava mysticism. Writ large. But most of that Enochian tradition of the first several centuries. So first, second and 30 Enoch high to fit within here. You see echoes of it in here. The whole point of this is the descenders. They often referred to themselves as descending, rather than ascending. One of these days, we'll probably do a deeper dive into this. If you want more, Justin sledge over at esoterica. Has a wonderful episode called the, , esoteric origin of Christianity. Where he goes into a lot of this. He's also got quite a few deep dives into the topic. I'm trying to be as simple as I can. And I'm already halfway through the podcast and I'm still doing introductions. Brian - New: Yeah. It's a big topic. People will spend entire lifetimes studying it. Trying to do the cliff notes version would probably take a year of study. The cliff note of the cliff notes is like maybe a couple hours long. Several of Justins episodes are several hours. Dives into it just to get the cliff notes of the cliff notes. . Charlie- New: Suffice it to [00:10:00] say. The mysticism that arose. Had a couple key aspects to it. You're rising up through the heavens. There are angels all over the place. And there are passwords. That you have to give. Various things that you have to be able to say and answer. To get past each guardian at each stage to, to ascend. What's really remarkable and of note here. Is how much this looks like early Christianity. And how much early Christianity. Is struggling in this milieu. The apostle Paul. Very clearly. Uses a lot of phrases that are terms from. mysticism in his theology. He very clearly was a practitioner. In fact, when he tells his story about. Rising up into the third heaven where he sees Jesus. Now, this is a big thing here. The third heaven. Is one of the. Depending on which system you employ. Middle to high tier [00:11:00] heavens. The number of heavens varies in the system of practice, but. The third heaven in most of these. Is the paradise. This is the garden of Eden. This is where you're first starting to see the perfection of all things. So he's called up into the third heaven. He sees Jesus. And he uses a lot of merkava language here. Now why am I. Struggling on this. Because this is core to everything within Christianity. And I think where people get lost. Because we've lost this connection to our Jewish roots. They were forcibly cut off and the third. To fifth century. So we don't have this context anymore. So much of Christian theology. Is rooted. In this idea of a scent in decent. We have just talked about. The transfiguration. Where the apostles ascend the mountain. And see Jesus. At the top of the mountain. Talking to Moses and Elijah. This is very much in line with the [00:12:00] spirituality of the first several centuries that Judaism. And how it's being wrestled with in early Christianity. We're about to talk about the assumption of Mary. Where Mary is going to be taken. Into heaven. This is a very old idea, by the way, don't let anybody trick you on this. Yes. It was only made dogma like official dogma of the Catholic church in the 17 hundreds, I believe 18th century. But the earliest recorded story of this comes from the third century. ,this is an idea that goes. Way back. In Christianity. Just because that's, when it was recorded, does not mean that was the first time it was discussed. It's just the oldest documentation. We have of this ideas from the third. Century. But ascend. Decent. Who will ascend, who will decent. This language keeps showing up. It's my contention. That Jesus. This is going to be a very controversial statement. It's hard to say it out loud. Jesus says to Merkava mysticism. What the Baal Shem Tov. [00:13:00] Was to Qabalah. he was popularizing it and opening it up. Now, if you don't know who the Baal Shem Tov is, he is the founder of the Hasidic movement. He brought the ideas of Kabbalah. To the people. So that everyone could practice. And made it a very visceral personal experience. You didn't have to go away. You didn't have to seclude yourself and go into all of the study. You still can. But certain aspects of it are now public they're suddenly for all of us to. Engage them. My contention is, this is what Jesus is doing. This is why he preached the gospel of the kingdom. This is how you access the heavens. It's very simple. It's not this long. Drawn out process that takes years to master. You can just do it. He's teaching a very. Personal. Accessible form of this mysticism. This is why. One of the earliest schisms we see in the church. It's between the Gnostics. [00:14:00] And the prodo Orthodox. Because the Gnostics. Are. Through a very Alexandrian lens. And that's Alexandra is in, uh, Alexandria, Egypt. Are taking in ideas from hermeticism. From previously existing sources, like the, book of Jeu. Which. Predates Christianity. And at least some of its ideas. Is trained to take this idea of the ascent into the heavens. And is laying it out in a Greek way. In fact, we see this later in the new Testament with. Stop worrying about all your endless genealogies and mythologies. We like to think that's about. Gnosticism. We don't see anything that we would call Gnostic that early. We do see this merkava mysticism, which had these endless cycles of emanations from God, from. Paths and steps that you have to take to go. Up into the divine. We see this being addressed, even in the gospels. So earlier today I was talking to Brian [00:15:00] and we were talking about this passage. In John three. Now John three is very important because this is where John is laying out the gospel. Jesus is sitting and talking to Nicodemus. Macadamias. They're having their long thing. This is where the passage from this, you probably know because you've heard it so much. The John three 16. For God. So loved the world that he gave. His only begotten son that whosoever believes in him shall not perish, but have everlasting life. Yeah, John three, this is also the passage where he says that people must be born again. That's where that language comes from, because this is the mission statement of John's gospel. He's laying out in this discourse between these Jesus and one. Potential disciple. Who's. Thinking about joining hu, very importantly, as a member of the Sanhedrin. So a very prominent Jewish leader. That's important for what we're about to talk about. And Jesus says something. Very specific here that to me, It's very much addressing this idea of merkava mysticism. Brian - New: If I told you earthly things [00:16:00] and you don't believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended. Into heaven. But he who descended out of heaven, the son of man who is in heaven. Charlie- New: Why would Jesus say that if you don't know. The. Environment in which Jesus is teaching here. This is a very weird statement to just be in the middle of this passage. He's already told us some crazy things. Like you have to be born again. You have to be born of water and fire. This is some very heavenly things, but now all of a sudden. No one has ascended into heaven. Except for he who is descended. Now, first of all, I think when we're studying the gospel of John. This is where we're looking at the teachings of the body of Christ. Not necessarily the historical Christ. John is the last of the gospels to be written of the canonical gospels to be written. And was written in about. 90 CE. It's written after the fall of the [00:17:00] temple. Much of the gospel of John. Is this early Christian movement. Wrestling with its Jewish counterparts. In fact, some of the most anti-Semitic things. The, with the exception of the most antisemitic thing, which is in the gospel of Luke. We can talk about that. If you want, we can do an episode of antisemitism in the gospels because there's a lot of it. But a lot of the antisemitic ideas. Come in here. Some of them are straight up. anti-Semitic such as you or the children of the devil. No. And we need to be able to weed those ideas out. But this is also going directly at the Jewish community. The most popular form of mysticism at the time is this merkava mysticism where you are trying to ascend. Now, this shows that whoever wrote this passage was not familiar. They called themselves descenders. They descended into the chariot. It did not ascend. Yeah. And ascend up into the chariot. again, this shows this misunderstanding. Of what's being talked about here. But this is directly going after [00:18:00] that. No one has ascended. But the one who is decent. This is what Jesus is trying to in this story, trying to change. And I think Rehmann connects back to what we see. Jesus in the other gospels talking about. That we can have access to the divine. Without all of these passwords. And deep esoteric practices. And when I say deep esoteric practices, we're talking about sitting in a room and chanting for hours. If not days. In hopes of maybe possibly having a vision. Jesus is like, nah. You can just do it. It's fine. You don't have to go through all that. You don't have to do all the fasting. You don't have to do all, all that. But why this focus on no one has ascended. Who did not descend. The gospel of John is very clear that Jesus is the divine wisdom. Jesus is the logos that phylo of Alexandria. Well, there's that city again? Talked about. This. Living embodiment of Torah. That existed before the universe was made. Was there [00:19:00] with God when the universe was made. And. Helped in the creation of the universe. By the way, all things you can find in follow a valid Exandria completely without any Christian context whatsoever. You also find it in several of the Aramaic targets that existed at the time. The person of Jesus in the gospels. And the character of what he's trying to do. It's to open up. Heaven. Heaven. It's something that the Imperial. Church. Wants to control for itself. And before there was an Imperial church. There were those Grifters who just wanted to sell you a ticket to heaven. Without actually having one. Those Grifters have always been here. There have been those that are just like, no, you haven't experienced God because you haven't done all the right things yet. You're not holy, like the most holy. The gospel. The actual good news. The Jesus taught. Was, you don't need any of that other stuff. You can just talk to your father. And heaven. We [00:20:00] either also get into the debate over whether. Abba means father, but. That's a debate for another time. Abbott could also mean source. It doesn't necessarily have a gender patriarchal meaning, but man. Aramaic. Cause if I'm. But who shall ascend? No one has ascended except for the one was decent. This is the gospel of John. Trying to proclaim. Itself as unique in this tradition. Ignore all those other things. The gospel of John is very big on trying to combat this prodo Gnosticism that's going around, which is this. Christianization of the merkava mysticism that was going around. With some of the. Aspects of the Greco-Roman magical system that was around at the time and kind of the. Hermetic system that was around at the time. It's important for us. I know that seems very disjointed, but again, we're trying to make these like 30 minute episodes. And I'm trying to. Give a very big. Idea in a very short period of time. This is what's going on here. And it's important [00:21:00] because when we talk about the assumption of the blessed mother, And to have him or the Ascension of Jesus, this is all connected here in this gospel. With. The image of baptism. See Jesus descended from heaven. You can too. It's called baptism. You're baptized by water. And then you're baptized by the holy spirit, which is baptism with fire. Now you have descended in You to This is the core idea. That we see throughout the gospels in, throughout the book of acts, you've been baptized owner. Look, you're having visions left, right. And center. Are there angels everywhere? Now I would tell you. That once you accept the idea that there are angels everywhere and you start. Allowing yourself to perceive them. You'll start noticing that there's always been angel cyber. But sometimes you need somebody to give you that permission. That's really what the good news is in this. Context, Brian - New: especially permission. Becomes important [00:22:00] when. You're sitting in a culture. In a society. That has already spent a lot of time going. You can't. You don't have permission. Unless you have paid access to this group or that group. Bought your permission. And so there's. It creates a psychological block. In one's own head. They've been conditioned. To refuse themselves. Permission. This really does liberate that. Charlie- New: River in Judean. Religion at this point in time. Only one person could even enter the presence of God. That's the high priest. And , he. Only did that. Once a year. And had a rope tied around his waist in case. Being in that presence made him doc. All of the home shrines. Had been removed. All of the other temples have been there used to be a lot of temples. This is actually what happens when you're reading just I and all those others. They're going around destroying all of the other temples of God. Used to [00:23:00] be a lot of temples. Yeah. There's only one. It's that unification that's happening at the end of the Davidic dynasties. Well, this works when everybody lives. In a very smaller. Region. But. Judaism at this point had spread. And people were looking for other ways. You can't go from Alexandria, Egypt, easily. You can't go. We know that there were Jewish trade settlements in golf, for example, which that's all the way over in modern day, France. Traveling from France all the way back to Jerusalem is just not something you can do. So . This new synagogue. It's not a temple. It's let's get together and talk. It's literally what synagogue means. The place where you get together and talk. Required a new form of mysticism, a new form of relating to the divine. And. Rabbinic Judaism hadn't come about yet. It's just starting to form. During this time period. Hello, who founded the Pharisees, who would then go on to found rabbinic Judaism? His. Student [00:24:00] chameleon. It's the one who teaches Paul. Paul was a student of chameleon. Who was a student of Hillel. Everything is up in the air right now. Most of the paradigms we know now did not exist that. So who shall ascend? if we were to go to the Psalm. And some 24. Verses three through four. The Psalmist in a very different context. But one that was often used. In this, these mystical traditions. Asks and answers this question. Brian - New: Who may ascend to his shims hill. Who may stand in his holy place. He who has clean hands and a pure heart. Who has not lifted up his soul to falsehood. And has not sworn. Deceitfully. Charlie- New: Jesus would say anyone who does it in my name. This is a lot of what we're going to be talking about in general. If you want to do some deep, deep, deep, deep, deep dives. I highly recommend you go over to YouTube and check out Justin's wonderful channel. Esoterica where he will go into the [00:25:00] documents and into the history of this. We're not going to be doing that kind of deep dive. We're just going to be looking at it on how it. Connects to. This Christian Christianity. And what I lovingly referred to as crystal paganism. Trying to connect back to our roots. Brian - New: We could also say here that if there is enough demand for it to become a class in of itself, , It would be a good place to put it in the comments or send a message or something. Let us know. So that we can. We know the first several classes that we want to do. But this would definitely be better. handled as a deep dive as an actual class. Yeah. structured. Thing. Charlie- New: So I hope this gave you a basic understanding, cause I'm going to use some of these terms. Some of these ideas a lot as we're talking. And I felt like, especially since we're approaching the assumption. I may touch on some of these ideas and I felt like we needed to just give a brief. Introduction. Brian - New: Do you have articles on https://wisdomscry.com? But [00:26:00] not all that. Just a few. Okay. I wasn't sure how much it was more coming. I know there's a lot in the unpublished part. That's being written up still. Yeah. And I wasn't sure how much has published. And , when people listen to this, there may be more published articles on https://wisdomscry.com. With regarding that. . Charlie- New: There will be more coming. It's just translating things out of what I like to call Charlie readable text. Into human readable text. Brian - New: Oh yeah. Charlie- New: That takes some time because all of these notes that are going up on there were originally my notes. So they had to be intelligible to me. And I'm trying to edit them so that they're intelligible to people who are not meeting. Oh, Brian - New: So, yeah. Basically with all esoteric study in particular and even religious study, part of it is learning a common language. And if somebody is coming at it, From outside that language. Certain words that are used where people think it means something. Might not know or have that [00:27:00] context to know that, oh, no, it actually is this much longer. It unfolds into a much greater thing. Charlie- New: Hopefully this lady done the basic foundation. Because I will be referring back to this episode. It's one of the reasons why I wanted to make it. And so when I start talking about these things, I can say, go see our previous episode, who shall ascend. Oh, You could have a be basic understanding. But yeah, if you want us to talk about this in deeper, Detail. Do let me know. You can get in touch with me. I am creations paths and. On threads, Christians pass.com on. Blue sky. You can go over to our https://www.creationspaths.com/ and put something in the chat over there. Or comment on this episode, wherever you happen to be. And hopefully we will be able to see that's easier for us to see on Spotify, YouTube and. Sub stack. Yeah. I hope you've enjoyed this. If you can help us by sharing this with anybody that you think might be interested in it, that. [00:28:00] It's great help. You can also go over. Too. https://www.creationspaths.com/ and. Join us. Over there. You'll get access to everything that we're doing. And if you have the pennies to sign up for a. Paid membership. You will eventually get the classes and things that we're doing over there before they go out to the general public. And yeah. I think that's just about it. Until next time. With light ever bringing you blessings and hope. Amen. Brian - New: Amen. Get full access to Creation's Paths at www.creationspaths.com/subscribe

In episode 9 you will learn everything you need to know about the society and economy of Roman Hispania, the political history of the Late Roman Empire before the barbarian migrations, and the significant transformations that occurred in the transition from Classical Antiquity to Late Antiquity, including the Christianization of Hispania. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Or follow the show for updates on Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain  OTHER SERVICES: My English to Spanish translation service: https://www.fiverr.com/s/Ke8yP4b  Join my course to learn how to use AI in your academic research and writing: https://www.udemy.com/course/ai-for-scholars/?referralCode=22121D97D0B1CECE5ECC YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts:  https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:31 Society of Roman Hispania 05:31 Economy of Roman Hispania 09:36 The Crisis of the Third Century 14:06 Diocletian and the Political Regime of the Dominate 16:42 The Christianization of Hispania 25:51 Transformations from Classical Antiquity to Late Antiquity 33:23 Constantine and the Legalization of Christianity 37:15 Theodosius, the Last Emperor of the Two Parts of the Roman Empire 40:12 The Verdict: Questions about the Late Roman Empire 41:12 Outro

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/italian-studies

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston.

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Christianization of Knowledge in Late Antiquity: Intellectual and Material Transformations (Cambridge UP, 2023) traces the beginning of Late Antiquity from a new angle. Shifting the focus away from the Christianization of people or the transformation of institutions, Mark Letteney interrogates the creation of novel and durable structures of knowledge across the Roman scholarly landscape, and the embedding of those changes in manuscript witnesses. Letteney explores scholarly productions ranging from juristic writings and legal compendia to theological tractates, military handbooks, historical accounts, miscellanies, grammatical treatises, and the Palestinian Talmud. He demonstrates how imperial Christianity inflected the production of truth far beyond the domain of theology — and how intellectual tools forged in the fires of doctrinal controversy shed their theological baggage and came to undergird the great intellectual productions of the Theodosian Age, and their material expressions. Letteney's volume offers new insights and a new approach to answering the perennial question: What does it mean for Rome to become Christian? The book is open access at Cambridge Core. New Books in Late Antiquity is presented by Ancient Jew Review Mark Letteney is an ancient historian and archaeologist working in the history of incarceration, book history, and the archaeology of military occupation. His second book, Ancient Mediterranean Incarceration (co-authored with Matthew David Larsen) should appear in 2025. Michael Motia teaches in Religious Studies and Classics at UMass Boston. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/christian-studies

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/latin-american-studies

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/gender-studies

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Surgery & Salvation: The Roots of Reproductive Injustice in Mexico, 1770-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2023), Elizabeth O'Brien foregrounds the racial and religious meanings of surgery to draw important connections between historical and contemporary politics regarding fetal and maternal healthcare. She traces practices of caesarean section and coercive Christianization throughout Mexico's colonial period; patriarchal pregnancy management during republican state formation; and tubal ligation and vaginal bifurcation in Mexico's twentieth century Eugenics movement. Surgery and Salvation has received several awards including the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies' Judy Ewell Award; the Latin American Studies Association 2024 Best Book Award for the Nineteenth-Century Section; and Honorable Mention for the 2024 Frances Richardson Keller-Sierra Prize (WAWH) as well as the Thomas McGann Prize (RMCLAS). O'Brien is an Assistant Professor of the History of Medicine and Latin American History at the University of California, Los Angeles. In this episode, O'Brien is interviewed by Leah Cargin (PhD candidate, University of Oklahoma). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Saint Olga of Kiev, a woman whose journey from vengeance to sainthood is nothing short of legendary. Born into a time of turmoil and power struggles in the 10th century, Olga's story begins with a brutal act of revenge for the murder of her husband, Igor of Kiev. Her calculated and ruthless retribution against the Drevlians, the tribe responsible for Igor's death, is the stuff of epic sagas. But Olga's tale doesn't end with vengeance. We explore her dramatic transformation into a wise and revered ruler who laid the foundations for the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. Her baptism and subsequent efforts to convert her kingdom set the stage for the future of the region's religious landscape. Follow us on IG: @homance_chronicles Connect with us: linktr.ee/homance Send us a Hoe of History request: homancepodcast@gmail.com  

What did commemoration of the dead look like in Medieval Livonia and how did memoria shape group identities in the region? Dr. Gustavs Strenga shares insights into his research and parallels with modern-day memory wars. Baltic Ways is a podcast brought to you by the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies, produced in partnership with the Baltic Initiative at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of AABS or FPRI.Read more:Remembering the Dead: Collective Memory and Commemoration in Late Medieval Livonia Transcript Indra Ekmanis: Hello, and welcome to Baltic Ways, a podcast bringing you interviews and insights from the world of Baltic studies.I'm your host Indra Ekmanis, and today we're speaking with Gustavs Strenga, senior researcher at the Institute of Arts and Cultural Studies at the Latvian Academy of Culture and recently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of In Germany. Today, he speaks with us about his recent book, Remembering the Dead: Collective Memory and Commemoration in Late Medieval Livonia, and what parallels that might have for us today in the modern Baltic states. Stay tuned.Dr. Gustavs Strenga, thank you so much for joining us on Baltic Ways. Perhaps we can start, you can tell us a little bit about your background and how you came into this field of study.Gustavs Strenga: First of all, thank you for inviting me. Well, my background is I'm Latvian. I was born in Riga and I began my studies in Riga, in Latvia, and I studied history at the University of Latvia. And since high school, I had an interest in the history of the Catholic Church, partially because I went to a Catholic school. And during my studies, when I began studying at the end of the last century, beginning of this century, I understood that I'm interested into medieval history. I wrote my bachelor thesis and also later my MA about Dominicans. It's a mendicant order founded in the 13th century and they also had their priories in the Baltics, like in Riga and Tallinn. I spent, during my studies, a year in Lublin at the Catholic University of Lublin. I had a wonderful Erasmus semester in Kiel, in Germany. And I really understood that I want to do medieval history. In Riga, I had really two good professors who were teaching medieval history, but I understood that it's not enough, so I went to Budapest, the Central European University now located in Vienna, and I studied medieval studies there.And later, I had a chance to study at the University of Queen Mary in London, and I was supervised by Mary Rubin. And there, my interest in medieval commemoration began.And during my studies in London — it was a wonderful time — but I had a problem. I didn't have funding. So I moved to Germany to the University of Freiburg where I was writing — continuing writing my doctoral thesis on medieval commemoration and memory in Livonia. And after that, I had a chance to work at the National Library of Latvia, and also very exciting and interesting postdoctoral projects at the universities of Tallinn and Greifswald.IE: Wonderful. So that's interesting that your early experience in a Catholic school has brought you all the way into studying commemoration in medieval Livonia. Thanks. Thank you for sharing that.So, as I mentioned, you are the author of Remembering the Dead: Collective Memory and Commemoration in Late Medieval Livonia, which came out in November of 2023 and was also awarded the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies book publication subvention.It's also one of two recent monographs by Latvian historians to really be published internationally. And our colleague Una Bergmane, who also recently spoke on this podcast, published, published the other. The book examines the practices of remembering, and how those practices have influenced or had their impact on medieval Livonia, now modern day Latvia and Estonia. But I wonder if you can tell us a little bit more about that book. I gather it comes from your doctoral research — tell us a little bit more about the research that informs that work.GS: Yes, so this book, as you said, is a transformed version of my doctoral dissertation, which had a bit different title, and which I defended in 2013. And, after I finished writing the thesis, I understood, yes, I want to transform it into a book, but maybe with a bit different structure, so it took me quite a lot of time to restructure it.Though medieval commemoration of the dead had, of course, religious aims — for example, to lessen the suffering of the deceased in purgatory — I wanted to pursue the idea that the medieval commemoration of the dead was both a form of collective memory and also a social practice. As a form of collective memory, it created group self awareness of the past and thus shaped their identities.As a social practice, it created bonds between individuals and groups, and also between living and dead. I can demonstrate that by saying, for example, if someone in the Middle Ages wanted to be commemorated, the person had to have resources.IE: Yeah.GS: And resources could have been donated to a particular institution, and this institution — for example, a friary, a monastery, or a nunnery, or even a parish Church — this institution would, for example, say to some priests, you have to pray or celebrate the service, and you have to pray for a certain person. So it's a, basically it's a kind of an economy of gift exchange.IE: Yeah.GS: You're giving resources to someone to commemorate you. In my book I was looking more on groups. I was interested not so much into commemoration of individuals, because lots of research has been done in the field. For example, if some of the listeners are interested, you can look up the books on medieval memorial culture. I — rather, I was interested in that, how through the commemoration of the dead, groups were remembering their past. And this is, this is something maybe a bit different, just, looking at medieval memorial culture.Thus, in my book, I'm featuring several such groups. For example, the Church of Riga, which means the Cathedral chapter and the bishops, later archbishops. The Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, different urban guilds and brotherhoods in Livonian cities like Riga and Tallinn. And I also was interested in — how did the collective memory shape relationships between these groups, particularly I was interested in the conflicts.IE: Mm hmm.GS: And in the case of my research, it's definitely influenced by the surviving sources. For example, in the book, you cannot read anything about how peasants were remembering the past in the Middle Ages through the commemoration of the dead, because yes, you have, you have archaeological material, but you don't have other kinds of sources, which would give some kind of a background information.Also, medieval artisan groups are not much represented. So it's a bit of — I would say it's a collection of case studies. My colleague, Marek Tamm, also partially criticized me of that, but I was interested really in the cases of the research, less perhaps painting this large landscape picture of the medieval commemoration in medieval Livonia, because I thought that's difficult to do because not many sources survive.As we know Livonia later, after the Middle Ages was a battleground between several large regional powers and many archives had burned down. And also lots of the churches have been destroyed. Also during the Reformation, altars, murals, other things involved in the commemoration of the dead have been destroyed.So, yes, it's, let's say, it's a collection of case studies looking at certain groups and how they were remembering their past in the long term.IE: Yeah, I'd like to ask you to, to talk about, a case study or two, but I wonder if you can tell us a little bit more, especially for the non-historians or people who are not really looking always at material from, from the middle ages — how do you go about finding your source material? What does that look like?GS: Particularly this research in this study, I was using all kinds of sources. Written sources. For example, you have testaments, last wills. Then you have chronicles. I was also using some books of different brotherhoods and guilds where, like, they were keeping their records and also recording how they are commemorating their dead.You have documents written down. You have necrologies. These are like calendars where you're putting the names of the dead and you know when they should be commemorated. Liturgical manuscripts, for example, missals. And you also have other kinds of sources. You have material culture. You have chalices. You have altar pieces. You have objects, tokens given to the poor in order that they know that they, that they receive alms, that they should commemorate someone.So, I was trying to use all kinds of sources. Also, last but not least, for example, the grave slabs, which are, some of them are surviving in the churches of former Livonia. So you have all kinds of sources, and I think this is what makes the study of commemoration interesting, that you can combine them. You're not just using written material, but you're trying to look on memory as something that was kept not only in one kind of media, but in numerous kinds of media.IE: Yeah. Yeah. Thank you. Yeah. In the book, I think you go into a variety of different kind of contexts, looking at elites, non elites, as you mentioned, urban and rural sort of practices, liturgical, non liturgical. We'd love to hear your thoughts on one or two of those case studies.GS: Yes, I think this book has several interesting case studies. I would just introduce a few of them. In most cases, the groups in the Middle Ages were, in fact, interested a lot in remembering their beginnings. Into remembering their origins.As most of the listeners would know, medieval Livonia was Christianized quite late. The Christianization process began only in the late 12th, early 13th century, when the missionaries and crusaders from northern Germany and Scandinavia arrived in the eastern Baltic, which we now know today as Latvia and Estonia. And it is the time when the history of two, let's say, most important institutions in the region begin, and this is the history of the Riga Church, particularly the Cathedral chapter, and the history of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, and these groups in the late Middle Ages were looking back at their beginnings, and these events which took place in the late 12th and early 13th century were important for them. And also not just events, but also the dead of that age.We can say the collective memory of the Riga Cathedral chapter and Riga bishops, was not just carried by the famous and very well known text the Livonian and Chronicle of Henry, which was written around 1227, but also by Riga Cathedral itself. Riga, as a city, was founded in 1201, and then in 1211,the founder of the city, Bishop Albert, began constructing the cathedral.What do I mean, the Cathedral and its choir was memory itself — the space was the commemorative space? Before the city of Riga was founded, Livonia already had two dead bishops. The first bishop, the first missionary, Meinhard, and the second bishop, Bertolt, who was killed in a battle in 1198, just three years before the foundation of Riga.For every community in the Middle Ages, the founders were very important for their memory. So around 1229 when Bishop Albert died, or 1230, the bodies of Meinhard and Bertol were transferred from Ikšķile or Üxküll where they were buried, to the new cathedral and buried in the choir. And so we could say that in the Middle Ages, they were not just reading a chronicle, this one, for example, the Chronicle of Henry, or commemorating bishops liturgically, but also they were in contact with the graves, with the places where the bishops were buried. So it was both. A phenomenon of memory that was recorded in the texts and performed during the liturgy. And also, we can say it was a physical experience, because still, though historians are arguing about that — whether in the Middle Ages, the three founding bishops of Rīga's Church were considered to be saints — we can say that they were seen as a holy man. Maybe, yes, we can still argue about their sainthood because they were never canonized in the Middle Ages, but they were seen also as important founding figures.In the case of the Teutonic Order, it is a bit different. Spaces — maybe if we are talking about this memory of the origins or memory of the beginning — spaces are maybe not so important. More, we have textual sources showing how the Teutonic Order's Livonian branch were commemorating their death. For example, the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle — text composed around 1290 — the text has numerous references to the brethren of the Teutonic Order who had been killed during the battles against the Baltic pagans during the 13th century. Later, it's very interesting, in 14th and 15th century, we can trace numerous necrologies of the Teutonic Order, not in Livonia, but nowadays Germany, Belgium, and Switzerland, where we can see the Teutonic Order were — that they were Commemorating those men, their own brethren, killed in distant Livonia.Sometimes they were misspelling the name of Livonia. Most likely those people who were recording these records in the necrologies or commemorating these dead brethren, they didn't know where Livonia is, but still, this experience of crusading was part of the Teutonic Order's collective memory.It's also interesting that in the later times, as I was saying about the commemorative culture of the Riga Cathedral, we have some evidence of the commemoration. For example, the Missal of Riga — the sole complete manuscript from the Middle Ages that gives us a glimpse into how liturgy in medieval Riga looked like. In this missile, we can also spot several instances where we can see the curation of the Riga archbishops. Their names have been recorded. And also, this is a time when there was a conflict between the Teutonic Order and the Cathedral Chapter of Riga. Because the Teutonic Order, during the late 15th century, wanted to take control over the Cathedral of Riga, and also over the cathedral chapter, and you can see the struggle also in the commemoration, because the records are telling us that these archbishops had died, during captivity into the Teutonic Order's prison, for example.IE: Well, yeah, thank you for sharing those, those glimpses into those case studies.And, you know, when I first thought about that topic of medieval Livonia, it wasn't totally clear to me how it drew to my own interest, but I was really drawn in, even by those first few paragraphs. You know, you talk about memoria as this form of collective memory and social practice that creates groups, that shapes identities, that helps remember the past, and creates those relationships.And I was thinking about, how does that translate a little bit into today's society? You know, collective memory group identity still plays such an important role in our world, and so, I wonder — do you have any insights as to what, what your work might tell us about the Baltic nations today?GS: It is indeed difficult to link medieval history with the contemporary world.IE: Yeah.GS: But, I would say that the commemoration of the dead is a phenomenon that shows that every group, in every historical period, is remembering their dead. So we can see the commemoration of the dead as a basic form of collective memory. And, if we look to the past, we can also see conflicts that have been created by different memories. And, today we are living into the age of memory wars in, in the Baltics.IE: Yeah.GS: Let's just remember, for example, the removal of the so-called Alyosha statue in Tallinn in 2007 and the riots which began afterwards and which were also supported by Russia in numerous ways, also by cyberattacks.IE: Right.GS: And also the removal of the monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and from the German fascist invaders — now I'm just quoting the official name of that monument, which was removed in Riga in 2022. So these and also early examples show us that Baltics have experienced different practices of erasing memory.IE: Yeah.GS: Also, of trying to replace the memories. If we remember that during Soviet times in Latvia and also in Estonia, numerous monuments erected during the interwar period, for example, commemorating the independence wars against, against different forces, including Soviet Russia, those monuments were destroyed in the 1940s, 1950s in Latvia and Estonia. And afterwards, many of these monuments were restored by the movements.IE: Yeah.GS: So there we can see some kinds of parallels and this is quite similar to that, what I'm trying to show in my book, long term developments of commemoration and remembering.IE: Yeah. The long tail and how, how it is, perpetually moving that collective identity. Um, maybe we can talk a little bit about your current project on Saints and Heroes: From Christianization to Nationalism. Can you tell us a little bit about that work, as well?GS: Yes. In 2021, I had a chance, together with my colleague Cordelia Heß from the University of Greifswald to revisit the question of remembering in quite different settings. So, together with Cordelia Heß and also our partners from the State University of St. Petersburg in Russia, we created a project. It was a Russian-German co-project [financed by Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft]. We were working on the medieval saints and medieval heroes in the Baltic Sea region and how they have been used and later abused after the medieval times.Yes, and I have to say that when Russia's full scale invasion in Ukraine began, our cooperation was discontinued, though we continue working on our part, let's say, on our German part of the project.IE: Yeah.GS: The idea behind was really to look at these long term developments in remembering medieval figures. I can assume that many listeners know medieval heroes, for example, Joan Arc, or Emperor Barbarossa, or Charlemagne, or Scottish and Welsh rebels, William Wallace and Owen Glyndwyr, or Russian Prince and Saint Alexander Nevsky, who nowadays is abused by Putin's regime. And in the case of these all figures, you can see different ways how people have been remembering them and also using them, for example, much later in the 19th and 20th century for nation building or for creation of smaller groups. We have lots of examples — for example, in Scandinavia, that medieval saints in late 19th and early 20th century, played very important role in creating identity of Catholic groups in these countries, because let's remember that Scandinavia became Protestant after the Reformation, and then when there was this Catholic revival, many Swedish intellectuals were choosing St. Bridget as their patron and also revisiting the materials of the canonization process of St. Bridget and also living this medieval religious life during the late 19th and early 20th century.Within the project, I was working on Baltic medieval heroes. That's, for example, the master of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, Walter von Plettenberg, who was a Baltic German hero in the 19th century and also in the early 20th century. I was also working on Latvian medieval kings as heroes — for example, Viesturs and Namējs. As listeners would know, those were not real kings. During the 1920s and '30s in Latvia, they were called kings, but they were just leaders of the local ethnic groups. In the case of the Viesturs and Namējs, those were Semigallians. And I wrote an article, which has been recently published, on Liv warrior Imanta, who has been mentioned in medieval sources just once, in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, in the scene where Imanta killed Bishop Bertold, who was mentioned in this podcast earlier.And, it is, in fact, fascinating to see that in the Baltic case, not so much history writing has been important for the revival of these medieval heroes, but literature, poetry, and also drama. Those have been the main tools — in the case of Imanta, also one of the main tools has been music, a song, which has been composed at the beginning of the 20th century, using lyrics of Latvian poet Andres Pumpurs. And the result that can be read in the case of the project is a book called Doing Memory: Medieval Saints and Heroes and Their Afterlives in the Baltic Sea Region (19th–20th centuries), that has been recently published by De Gruyter. And there we have 10 contributions about different medieval saints and heroes from Scandinavia, from Northern Germany, and also Latvia, Estonia, and Finland.IE: That is really interesting to see how arts, literature, music, theater come into play in rememberings, as well. We really appreciate you taking the time to speak with us and to share this glimpse into medieval history, medieval Livonia. The book grabbed me from the very beginning. So thank you so much, for your time and for sharing your thoughts with us.GS: Thank you. It was a pleasure.IE: Thank you for tuning in to Baltic Ways, a podcast from the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies produced in partnership with the Baltic Initiative at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. A note that the views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of AABS or FPRI. I'm your host, Indra Ekmanis. Subscribe to our newsletters@aabs-balticstudies.org and FPRI.org/baltic-initiative for more from the world of Baltic Studies. Thanks for listening and see you next time. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit fpribalticinitiative.substack.com

Long a vassal state to its much larger neighbors, Belgium only became independent in 1830, at which time it decided that what it really needed was a (constitutional) monarchy! Its first king, Leopold I, earned the gig by virtue of being born a Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld prince who had cultivated his relationships with Europe's royal houses during a distinguished military career. Like his son, he was not a paragon of family values, which prompted his second wife, Louise of Orleans, to lash out at their children. When Leopold II succeeded his father in 1865, he was hot to trot in acquiring colonial possessions, something that his father had attempted to achieve but never managed to. This led to a world-changing catastrophe and a crime of truly historic proportions. Leopold II engineered a private scheme by which he became the sole owner of the territory that is today the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where he essentially enslaved the population and forced them to pillage their own land - rubber and ivory were especially valuable at the time - for his enrichment. Failure to meet quotas was punishable by death. Rape, mutilations, destruction of settlements, and taking workers' families as hostages to force them to work harder were all common. Leopold was savvy enough to recognize that this state of affairs wouldn't fly with the public in Belgium, so he invested heavily in a propaganda effort to mask the reality on the ground. For the average person in Belgium, the stories of the Christianization of the people of the Congo and the improving social and economic conditions there supported their king's enterprise entirely. Meanwhile, writers and journalists around the world began to realize through their own travels what was really going on. But even millions of deaths, a horrifying population-wide immiseration, and the slimy personal enrichment Leopold had attained through those practices didn't cause the Belgian Parliament to rush to correct the situation. It wasn't until 1908, a year before Leopold's death, and decades into his brutal domination of the Congolese people, that Belgium's elected government took control of what would become the Belgian Congo, and later, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. His involvement with the Congo wasn't the only thing damaging Leopold's image at home. He was a terrible husband to his wife, Queen Marie Henriette, and at the age of 65, in 1899, very publicly took a 16-year-old mistress who he lavished with money and properties around Europe, including the famous Villa Leopolda. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Druids were a part of ancient celtic culture—a series of kingdoms or empires that stretched through Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Britain, and Gaul—the region of modern France as well as parts of Belgium and Italy. The Celts were distinct in each region but also shared important cultural structures and practices as well as language. Part of the challenge of recovering the druids from the fog of history is that much of their knowledge was kept strictly within an oral tradition. The Celts were by no means illiterate and had a longstanding relationship with written language but they believed, and the druids in particular believed, in memorization. Eventually Celtic tales, history, and practices were recorded by Celts but this was largely after Christianization. Historians then have to rely on the word of outsiders—mostly Romans—to make sense of who the Celts and Druids were in ancient times. But these writers often had a highly skewed view of the Celts since they were their enemies and they sought to conquer and subdue the Celts just as the Celt sought to conquer and subdue them. The Celts, after all, pillaged Rome in 387 BCE and directly threatened the Senate. All that having been said, we can get a pretty interesting if not detailed picture of the Druids by looking at these outsider accounts and the later accounts of Celtic writers. Julius Caesar has been one such source, having written on the Celtic people he encountered during his military exploits. Those accounts reveal a class of people responsible for the intellectual life of one of the most interesting cultures in the history of the Western world. They were poets, historians, judges, and magicians.

Historian Dr. John Dickson joins the show to discuss his book, Bullies and Saints: An Honest Look at the Good and Evil of Christian History. Dickson provides an insightful, nuanced perspective on some of the most controversial episodes in Christian history, from the Crusades to the Galileo affair. He argues that while Christians have certainly made grave mistakes throughout history, the influence of Christianity has also been profoundly positive, pioneering hospitals, abolitionism, and education. Dickson is candid about the church's failures but also highlights inspiring figures like Eligius, Gregory of Nyssa, and the courageous early Christian martyrs. He aims to provide an objective account that combats overly negative portrayals of Christian history while also avoiding Christian triumphalism.Key topics discussed include Constantine's role in the Christianization of Rome, myths about the "Dark Ages," the confident humility of early Christian martyrs, myths surrounding Galileo's persecution, and more. Dickson provides illuminating historical context and thoughtful analysis of these complex issues. His book provides a thoughtful corrective to biased accounts on both sides, appealing to secular and religious readers alike.Links:* Bullies and Saints book* John Dickson's website* Dickson's Undeceptions podcast================================We appreciate your feedback.If you're on TWITTER, you can follow Chad @TBapologetics.You can follow Brian @TheBrianAutenAnd of course, you can follow @Apologetics315If you have a question or comment for the podcast, record it and send it our way using www.speakpipe.com/Apologetics315 or you can email us at podcast@apologetics315.com

One of the key events in the Christianization of the Roman Empire was when the children of the existing Roman elites turned aside from the status system of the Roman imperium in favor of new ways of pursuing and achieving elite status within the church.Today, in the Negative World, the church operates as a shadow status system that takes its cues from secular elite culture. It will always be dominated by that culture unless and until it creates its own status system again. The Thiel Fellowship is an example of what an attempt at creating an alternative form of status would look like in our society.

The world is rapidly being taken over by a counterfeit spirit through the Charismatic movement. Megachurches, huge worship concerts, “revivals” and the Christianization of politics, entertainment and media are running in tandem with a “Great Awakening” to the evils of the Left — such that the world is being prepped for the greatest deception in history. Will you be wise to what is soon to come?Timeline* 00:00 - Introduction* 07:01 - Charismatic Quackery Science* 24:00 - The Origins of the Charismatic Movement* 51:19 - The Pope & The Charismatic Movement* 58:07 - Kundalini & The Counterfeit Spirit* 1:03:52 - The Coming Christian Nationalist Deception* 1:29:02 - Final Thoughts Get full access to The Dance of Life Podcast with Tudor Alexander at www.danceoflife.com/subscribe

Yes, Russell Brand is being attacked now because of his politics. But conservative media like Tucker Carlson, Alex Jones, and others are defending his public depravity EXACTLY LIKE Hollywood, mainstream media, and the political establishment used to do when he was aligned with them. We've seen it with Bill Clinton, Trump, Steven Crowder, Andrew Tate — now we see it with Ken Paxton, Lauren Boebert, and Susanna Gibson. Neither CHARACTER, nor CRIME, matters to YOUR political tribe.The Texas Senate — a history of corruption in this body of impeachable "integrity" (31:37) Dan Crenshaw and Nikki Haley comes after Senator Tuberville for blocking 300 military promotions as Pentagon promotes and facilitates abortion. Secondary question: do we want these "woke" officers promoted? (43:04) A fascinating perspective from a non-Christian feminist worried about the de-Christianization of America.This feminist, even though she's ambivalent about abortion restrictions, understands that abortion is at the center of the war over whether we will follow Christian principles for society or whether we will return to paganism.What she gets completely wrong is the the misconception that Christianity is about making mean MEAK, NOT WEAK — and PROTECTING, NOT COMMANDING women (58:04)UPDATE: RFKj "Assassination Attempt" (1:35:15) Ramaswamy correctly identifies massive problem of bureaucratic state (both taxation and legislation WITHOUT representation) — but does he have a solution? (1:43:22) Ramaswamy's personal history is a study in hypocrisy, grifting and complete reversals. The ultimate insider portrayed as an outsider.Anthrax Attacks — the Other Shoe Drops for 9/11 and Lays the Foundation for 2020 Pandemic (1:59:29) David Meiswinkle, Esq. is a New Jersey criminal defense attorney, United States Army veteran, and retired police officer. What happened with the Anthrax attackEven mainstream media exposed the False FlagCIA at the center, FBI destroys evidenceSetting up a patsyHow it was used to build foundation for the Pandemic False FlagAnd, the "National American Renaissance Movement" NationalARM.org, a grassroots organization to expose and block 2030 Agenda and medical martial law. EXPOSED: The Biggest Lie About CO2 Desc: The UN's IPCC has been running this scam a long, long time. Now a simple question from scientists exposes the lie (2:53:50)Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Money is only what YOU hold: Go to DavidKnight.gold for great deals on physical gold/silverFor 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to TrendsJournal.com and enter the code KNIGHT

Air Date: 9-8-23 Today, Jay!, Amanda, Erin and Deon discuss: - The need for good structures of society, not scripture - Jesus is too liberal for Christians - Amateur anthropology - Technology and humanity - Drugs and alcohol   REFERENCES: Report: Record Number Of People Following Their Hearts - Babylon Bee The Misunderstood Reason Millions of Americans Stopped Going to Church - The Atlantic Evangelicals Are Now Rejecting 'Liberal' Teachings of Jesus - Newsweek Doug Rushkoff Is Ready to Renounce the Digital Revolution - Wired A kind of magic - CEO Mag A philosopher's psychedelic encounter with reality - The Gray Area with Sean Illing Join our Discord Server Leave a message at 202-999-3991 Produced by: Jay! Tomlinson Thanks for listening! Visit us at BestOfTheLeft.com Follow at Twitter.com/BestOfTheLeft Like at Facebook.com/BestOfTheLeft  Contact me directly at Jay@BestOfTheLeft.com  Review the show on Apple Podcasts!