Podcasts about professor gordon

Diverse Voices Book Review contributor Amanda Moore interviewed New York University Professor Linda Gordon about her new book, SEVEN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS THAT CHANGED AMERICA. Professor Gordon writes a captivating account of historical events that have shaped American society.  By exploring the transformative nature of individual and collective activism in the United States, Gordon reveals the unpredictable and unique significance of past actions that have heavily influenced and even changed the reality of the world that we see today. Professor Gordon is the winner of two Bancroft Prizes for best book in American history. She is a professor emerita of history at New York University and the author of numerous books, including THE SECONDING COMING OF THE KKK.Diverse Voices Book Review Social Media:Facebook - @diversevoicesbookreviewInstagram - @diverse_voices_book_reviewEmail: hbh@diversevoicesbookreview.com 

Gwendolyn Dolske and Rudy Salo welcome Philosophy Professor Dr Lewis Gordon.  What does it mean to flourish?  What role does Philosophy play in our everyday life?  How do myths and story telling connect us to philosophical ideas and our humanity?  Will Gwendolyn finally agree to watch Night of the Living Dead?  Learn more about Professor Gordon: https://philosophy.uconn.edu/person/lewis-gordon/ https://www.goodisinthedetails.com Join our Patreon for extra content: Patreon.com/GoodIsInTheDetails Thank you to our sponsor: http://www.avonmoreinc.com

Send us a textHow has the Bible managed to influence cultures across the globe for over two millennia? Join me, Michelle McAloon, as I sit down with Professor Bruce Gordon, the distinguished Titus Street professor of ecclesiastical history at Yale Divinity School, to uncover the Bible's remarkable journey. Together, we promise to unearth how this sacred text has continued to evolve, both through its divine inspiration and as a cultural artifact. Professor Gordon offers a wealth of knowledge from his acclaimed work, "The Bible: A Global History," as we explore the intricate historical and linguistic transformations that have allowed the Bible to resonate with diverse communities throughout history.Our journey through time delves into the formation of the New Testament, where we discuss the challenges faced by certain books like Revelation and Hebrews in securing their place in the canon. We also navigate the diverse landscape of Christian Bibles, including the Ethiopian Bible, showcasing how translation into vernacular languages played a pivotal role in spreading the Bible's message across cultures. From the advent of the Gutenberg Press to modern digital platforms such as the Hallow app, we examine how technological advancements have consistently shaped and been shaped by the Bible, reinforcing its adaptability and enduring significance.Beyond its textual influence, the Bible has also served as a profound symbol within various cultural expressions. Our discussion touches on its evolution from a collection of texts to a revered object of worship, permeating medieval art, drama, and rituals. As we look forward, we reflect on how contemporary technology continues to enhance biblical engagement, defying the outdated narrative of conflict between science and religion. By weaving through history, philosophy, and theology, we present an enriching narrative that underscores the Bible's timeless impact and its role in shaping human experience.

Why do some organizations continue to flourish despite the harm they cause to their workers, consumers, and surrounding communities? Is there a single person or group within an organization who should be blamed for misconduct, or is misconduct a foundational structure within some institutions? On this episode of the Delve podcast, Sarah Gordon, Desautels Professor of Organizational Behaviour, and host Saku Mantere discuss why organizational misconduct is so prevalent in society. Through a closer look at the Chicago Police Department, Professor Gordon explores possible ideologies and structures that enable misconduct in trusted institutions.-LINKSProfessor Gordon's study on the Chicago Police Department-Delve is the thought-leadership platform for the Desautels Faculty of Management of McGill University. This episode of the podcast was produced by Robyn Fadden, mixed by Eric Dicaire, and hosted by Saku Mantere. Original music is by Saku Mantere. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

My guest this week is Professor Mordechai Gordo teacher and author.  Professor Gordon teaches at Quinnipiac University and has written extensively on the philosophy of education including works on common myths in education, the importance of humour, and the ideas of Hannah Arendt. In this podcast, we discuss the importance of uncertainty in education.

Listen as Professor Gordon Flake, CEO of the Perth USAsia Centre, shares experiences from his career working with think tanks, attending global diplomatic conferences, and establishing a center for studying relations between Australia, Asia, and the U.S. How does Australia act as a fulcrum for U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy? Which global partners does Australia rely on for national security? Which Asian countries can support a free and open Indo-Pacific? Learn all this, and more, in this episode of In the Interest of National Security.

Gordon Marino earned his PhD from the University of Chicago, M.A. from the University of Pennsylvania, and B.A. from Columbia University. His areas of specialization include History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, and Kierkegaard. He teaches philosophy and related courses as a professor at St. Olaf College and holds a position as the curator of the Kierkegaard Library. In 2018, Marino published his most recent book, The Existentialist's Survival Guide. He has authored and co-authored numerous works, including Kierkegaard in the Present Age. His articles have appeared in internationally acclaimed news sources and periodicals such as The Atlantic Monthly, New York Times Magazine, Wall Street Journal, and the American Poetry Review. Follow Gordon here https://www.existentialistscorner.com/  Links from discussions in the episode Jake La Mottahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_LaMotta Gay Talese https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Talese Who is Soren? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard What is Terror Management Theory https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199828340/obo-9780199828340-0058.xml The sickness unto death https://www.penguin.com.au/books/the-sickness-unto-death-9780140445336 Leo Tolstoy "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" http://www.classicallibrary.org/tolstoy/ivan/index.htm The Philosophy of William James Order Gordon's book here “The Existentialist's Survival Guide: How to Live Authentically in an Inauthentic Age”https://www.amazon.com.au/Existentialists-Survival-Guide-Authentically-Inauthentic/dp/0062435981 Check us out at www.learningtodie.com.au  for all episodes and links to the YouTube video versions. The YouTube version of this episode has a video and some slides. Contact us at ian@learningtodie.com.au   or ciaran@learningtodie.com.au  

Tom Gordon, a history Professor of 20+ years rejoins the show to discuss "Freedom and the Common Good." We examine how the prioritization of each of these has played out through history and if we should lean more heavily towards one, during our current times. For more from Cold Shower check out our page or find us on social media. We offer Podcast Episodes, and a wide range of podcast production services. Cold Shower Media- https://www.coldshowermedia.com Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/coldshowermedia/ Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/coldshowermedia Twitter- https://twitter.com/coldshowerpod YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwGhxrQY8m1QjXF-PA0j1wg?view_as=subscriber If you want to start your own podcast and are interested in our help then send an email to taylor@coldshowerpodcast to discuss your potential project!

Thanks to Heska Australia for supporting this very important series of episodes on mental health, resilience, and burnout prevention. Go to https://www.heska.com.au to find out about ways to re-imagine the way you run your in house labs and digital radiography. Professor Gordon Parker AO is Scientia Professor of Psychiatry at the University of NSW. He is, amongst other things, founder of the Black Dog Institute, and Director of the Division of Psychiatry at Prince of Wales and Prince Henry Hospitals. In 2004 he received a Citation Laureate as the Australian Scientist most highly cited in Psychiatry/Psychology, and in 2018 he was a finalist for NSW Senior Australian of the Year. Oh, and that little AO that I read after his name is short for 'Order of Australia', which is awarded for distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or humanity at large. He has published 20 books and over 1000 scientific papers, with his most recent book publication 'Burnout - A Guide to Identifying Burnout and Pathways to Recovery'. This book encapsulates groundbreaking new research and clarifies what exactly burnout is, what it isn't, what the risk factors are, how to spot it, prevent it, and fix it. And these are exactly the topics that we cover in this conversation with Prof Parker. We're well aware that our profession is one of the highest risk professions for burnout, so arming ourselves with a better understanding of this nemesis is critical. Burnout: A guide to identifying burnout and pathways to recovery: https://www.allenandunwin.com/browse/books/general-books/health-fitness/Burnout-Gordon-Parker-Gabriela-Tavella-and-Kerrie-Eyers-9781760878061 Go to https://thevetvault.com/podcasts/ for the show notes and to check out our guests' favourite books, podcasts and everything else we talk about in the show. If you want to lift your clinical game, go to https://vvn.supercast.tech for a free 2-week trial of our short and sharp high-value clinical podcasts. We love to hear from you. If you have a question for us or you'd like to give us some feedback please leave us a voice message by going to our episode page on the anchor app (https://anchor.fm) and hitting the record button, via email at thevetvaultpodcast@gmail.com, or just catch up with us on Instagram. (https://www.instagram.com/thevetvault/) And if you like what you heard then please share the love by clicking on the share button wherever you're listening and sending a link to someone who you know will enjoy listening. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vet-vault/message

KILLER PODCAST!!! The return of super-smart Professor Gordan Lauc, official advisor to the Croatian Government on Pandemic Management Strategy. We cover everything important - all safely based on published scientific papers, and official government reports. The science is rock-solid now, and the conclusions clear as they are going to be. NOTE: My extensive research and interviewing / video/sound editing and much more does require support - please consider helping if you can with monthly donation to support me directly, or one-off payment: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=69ZSTYXBMCN3W - alternatively join up with my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IvorCummins

Prader-Willi Syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that gives rise to a vast array of symptoms which affect the individual from birth. There is currently no cure for Prader-Willi Syndrome. Professor Gordon Carmichael and his team from the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences at the University of Connecticut Health Centre, USA, believe it is crucial to understand the affected chromosome 15 region to unravel the pathogenesis of Prader-Willi Syndrome and his team are making significant strides towards achieving this goal.

In this episode of Microbe Talk, Laura and Professor Stephen Gordon from University College Dublin discuss tuberculosis research in both people and animals. Find out more about Professor Gordon's research in the below articles: Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Humanity's deadly microbial foe (doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000601) Mycobacterium bovis genomics reveals transmission of infection between cattle and deer in Ireland (doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000388) Comparative 'omics analyses differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and reveal distinct macrophage responses to infection with the human and bovine tubercle bacilli (doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000163)

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In this episode of Life Solved from the University of Portsmouth, we hear how the work of Professor Gordon Blunn and his team is revolutionising the way artificial limbs and joint replacements are integrated with the human body. Using 3D printing technology, Professor Blunn explains how this smart design can tackle the challenges of worn, ill-fitting or uncomfortable prostheses. His work with young people suffering from bone cancer has helped him understand why it's so important to find long-lasting implants that create a comfortable and adaptable solution for our changing bodies. Hear about this truly life-changing innovation in this episode of Life Solved from the University of Portsmouth. Points of Interest:Follow our latest research- https://www.port.ac.uk/research Professor Gordon Blunn – https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/gordon-blunn https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/bjj/author-feature/author-feature-gordon-blunn-february-2017 Blood glue https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-development-of-a-novel-autologous-blood-glue-aiming-to-improve-osseointegration-in-the-boneimplant-interface(19f424e2-3efa-49a0-b178-dbe38146ffaa).html Solve Magazine - port.ac.uk/solve https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/magazines/solve-magazine Portsmouth Social Media LinksFacebook - facebook.com/universityofportsmouthInstagram -instagram.com/portsmouthuni/Twitter - twitter.com/portsmouthuniLinkedIn - linkedin.com/school/university-of-portsmouth/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Episode Notes Four decades before Dr. King's I Have a Dream speech… Three decades before Brown versus Board of Education... Gordon Blaine Hancock was a leading spokesman for African American equality and self-determination in the generation before the civil rights movement.

In Fear and Greed's Sunday feature interview this week, Sean Aylmer speaks to Associate Professor Gordon Menzies from the University of Technology, Sydney. In a wide-ranging conversation, Sean and Associate Professor Menzies discuss self-fulfilling prophecies in the current economic environment, and how economic principles apply to everyday life. About Associate Professor Gordon Menzies: Gordon Menzies earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics at Oxford University in 2001 and is Associate Professor, Economics Discipline Group at the University of Technology Sydney. He's also the author of Western Fundamentalism.Find out more: https://fearandgreed.com.auSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Green vomit, holes in the diaphragm and paediatric transplant surgery

Professor Gordon Hewitt tells us that traditional corporate strategy tools such as SWAT analysis and identifying corporate competive advantage won't work in today's complex and dynamic marketplaces. Today's competitive dynamics fundamentally alter the nature and basis of competition.  Companies must focus on value creation and not just incremental improvements.  Organizations must shift their mindsets from better processes for the exisitng game, to creating new mindsets for new games.  Professor Hewitt shares compelling arguments as to why companies need to rethink their corporate strategies.  Show notes: drghewitt@aol.com

Welcome to the Human Performance Outliers Podcast with hosts Dr. Shawn Baker and Zach Bitter. For this episode, Professor Gordon Guyatt, MD, MSc, FRCP, OC joined the show. Gordon is a Canadian physician and Distinguished University Professor in the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact and Medicine at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He and his research team coined the phrase, "evidence based medicine." Episode Sponsor: Butcher Box - https://butcherbox.com Promo code "HPO" at checkout for 20% off. Episode Sponsor: BiOptimizers - www.masszymes.com/human promo code: human10 Consider supporting us: - https://www.patreon.com/HPOpodcast or https://www.paypal.me/hpopod ***DR. SHAWN BAKER'S BOOK*** "The Carnivore Diet" Amazon and Barnes and Noble Instagram handles: @shawnbaker1967, @zachbitter Twitter handles: @SBakerMD, @zbitter Facebook handles: Shawn Baker, @zach.bitter Website URLs: https://zachbitter.com , https://shawn-baker.com, http://meatrx.com and https://hei.mcmaster.ca/research/expertise/guyatt-gordon YouTube: Zach (https://www.youtube.com/c/ZachBitterUltra) Shawn (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5apkKkeZQXRSDbqSalG8CQ) If you would like to set up a consult call with either Zach or Shawn, you can schedule with Zach at https://calendly.com/zbittercoaching and with Shawn at https://shawn-baker.com/consultation/ If you would like to contact the show, please send your emails to hpopodcast@gmail.com

Wednesday, October 23rd 8:00PM Eastern/ 5:00PM Pacific The Context of White Supremacy welcomes Professor Colin Gordon. Focusing on the history of American public policy and political economy, Professor Gordon is a distinguished part of the University of Iowa's history department. His new book, Citizen Brown: Race, Democracy, and Inequality in the St. Louis Suburbs, explores the decades of White Supremacist policies that produced the killing of Michael Brown Jr. in 2014 and the collective abuse targeting black citizens of the St. Louis area. We'll discuss Professor Gordon's class on the "History of American Inequality." Gus observed that Mr. Gordon's book is chock full of metaphors. He rarely indicts White people directly and foots with jargon like "uneven citizenship." #PlantBasedEatingCountersRacism INVEST in The COWS – paypal.me/TheCOWS The C.O.W.S. Radio Program is specifically engineered for black & non-white listeners - Victims of White Supremacy. The purpose of this program is to provide Victims of White Supremacy with constructive information and suggestions on how to counter Racist Woman & Racist Man. TUNE IN! Phone: 1-605-313-5164 - Access Code 564943# Hit star *6 & 1 to enter caller cue

The Context of White Supremacy welcomes Professor Colin Gordon. Focusing on the history of American public policy and political economy, Professor Gordon is a distinguished part of the University of Iowa's history department. His new book, Citizen Brown: Race, Democracy, and Inequality in the St. Louis Suburbs, explores the decades of White Supremacist policies that produced the killing of Michael Brown Jr. in 2014 and the collective abuse targeting black citizens of the St. Louis area. We'll discuss Professor Gordon's class on the "History of American Inequality." Gus observed that Mr. Gordon's book is chock full of metaphors. He rarely indicts White people directly and pussyfoots with jargon like "uneven citizenship." #PlantBasedEatingCountersRacism INVEST in The COWS – http://paypal.me/TheCOWS Cash App: https://cash.app/$TheCOWS CALL IN NUMBER: 605.313.5164 CODE 564943#

Professor Gordon Lloyd, Senior Fellow at the Ashbrook Center, author of TAH's four Exhibits on American History, and frequent instructor in our MAHG program and at teacher Seminars, conducted what is becoming something of an annual tradition: his Constitution Day lecture at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California. Watch the YouTube archive below, or listen to it as a podcast. iTunes Podcast Stitcher Podcast RSS

Professor Gordon Lloyd, Senior Fellow at the Ashbrook Center, author of TAH's four Exhibits on American History, and frequent instructor in our MAHG program and at teacher Seminars, conducted what is becoming something of an annual tradition: his Constitution Day lecture at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California. Watch the YouTube archive below, or listen to it as a podcast. iTunes Podcast Stitcher Podcast RSS Constitution Day Lecture from Professor Gordon Lloyd appeared first on Teaching American History.

In Episode 8 of the Finally Pregnant Podcast I chat to Professor Gordon Smith of the University of Cambridge about screening. Due to our twin loss we were unable to have traditional screening which meant we had to explore other options which I discuss in this episode. Find out more about my guest here (https://www.iph.cam.ac.uk/network/directory/professor-gordon-smith/) . I really hope you enjoy listening. Please don’t forget to subscribe, rate, review and share because we need to spread the word.   Look forward to hearing from you! Cat @tryingyears (https://www.instagram.com/tryingyears/)

Guest host Devon Peacock talks Canada and space with planetary geologist and chair of industrial reserach of Earth and Space exploration at Western University, Gordon Osinski.

Why ‘systematic’ reviews? Professor Gordon discusses the scholarly discourse around the term systematic when considering reviews in education. He makes the case for why this term indicates an important research alignment and is not limited to the model made popular by Cochrane. He encourages discussion around this issue.

Professor Gordon Wallace talks to us from the University of Wollongong about 3D bioprinting and regenerative medicine technologies. A technology that is impacting not only manufacturers but people all around us. From organic body parts to metal objects, everything is and can be 3D Printed. Learn from the professor who not only knows about this tech but knows the impact it is having in the scientific fields. Might you need and get 3D-printed cartilage, a 3D printed organ, stents, or other implants to improve your health? Wollongong University has 150+ scientists and engineers working on the material properties of 3d printed implants, chemical and genomic properties, and more. It's unbelievable the amount of engineering and knowledge that goes into regenerative medicine and 3D printing of organs, tissues, and implants. Subscribe, review, and enjoy this podcast. Contribute Bitcoin to fuel our interviews and keep us going!

Our second release for the Liberty-themed month of March comes from Sam French.  This story takes place amidst the ruins of a familiar city as the […]

Part of the USC METRANS Transportation Research Seminar Series. METRANS' mission is to solve transportation problems of large metropolitan regions through interdisciplinary research, education and outreach. Speaker: Peter Gordon Emeritus Professor, USC Price Peter Gordon, Ph.D., holds a joint appointment with the Department of Economics. His research interests include topics in applied urban and regional economics. Professor Gordon has participated in the development and application of the Southern California Planning Model (SCPM), which has been used to forecast the economic costs of various policies and natural events. Professor Gordon’s recent work concerns the interaction of urban settlement patterns and travel demand. He has consulted for a number of international agencies, government departments, and private groups. Most people now carry the equivalent of a supercomputer in their pocket. The impacts on people's everyday activities are easily seen. What about the impacts of cheap and easy electronic communications on location choice and cities? We focus on recent data for U.S. workers who do most of their work at home. Does occupation explain their choice? Does urban form matter? Do local planning policies? Our main interest is the nature of information exchange. We expect that codified information and tacit information are treated very differently. Lots of information exchange involves tacit information. Agglomeration (and cities and distance) are not ending or dying. The biggest question in economics is still the one Adam Smith asked over 200 years ago: Why are some countries rich and why are some poor? What accounts for their economic growth differences? “Once you start thinking about them [international differences in living standards], it's hard to think about anything else" Robert Lucas (2002). Growth is the most powerful anti-poverty device. Cities must be part of the story. We owe our prosperity to Smithian exchange and Schumpeterian entrepreneurialism. Both involve the formation of complex supply chains. Both are facilitated by the evolution of Coasian transactions costs. This involves the evolution of cities and networking opportunities. Spatial organization is part of industrial organization. Labor and capital move to cities for reasons of transaction cost economies. There are concurrently economies from externalities internalized. Cities compete. Successful cities manage to make significant economies available to very large numbers of people and firms. Jane Jacobs noted that continuous and profitable interactive opportunities must be available; this is how people in cities interact and learn from each other. “Their intricate order – a manifestation of the freedom of countless numbers of people to make and carry out countless plans – is in many ways a wonder” Jane Jacobs (1961).

METRANS' mission is to solve transportation problems of large metropolitan regions through interdisciplinary research, education and outreach. Speaker: Peter Gordon Emeritus Professor, USC Price Peter Gordon, Ph.D., holds a joint appointment with the Department of Economics. His research interests include topics in applied urban and regional economics. Professor Gordon has participated in the development and application of the Southern California Planning Model (SCPM), which has been used to forecast the economic costs of various policies and natural events. Professor Gordon’s recent work concerns the interaction of urban settlement patterns and travel demand. He has consulted for a number of international agencies, government departments, and private groups. Most people now carry the equivalent of a supercomputer in their pocket. The impacts on people's everyday activities are easily seen. What about the impacts of cheap and easy electronic communications on location choice and cities? We focus on recent data for U.S. workers who do most of their work at home. Does occupation explain their choice? Does urban form matter? Do local planning policies? Our main interest is the nature of information exchange. We expect that codified information and tacit information are treated very differently. Lots of information exchange involves tacit information. Agglomeration (and cities and distance) are not ending or dying.

Masterclass 4, Relating public engagement to impact - Gordon Dabinett discusses how his research in European cities over the last 10 years has helped achieve better outcomes in public policy.

Neve Gordon teaches politics at Ben-Gurion University in Israel and is currently a member at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton. He is also a founding member of Hagar school for Jewish Arab education for equality. Professor Gordon’s most recent book is Israel's Occupation (University of California, 2008) -- acclaimed by critics as one of the most important works on the military occupation to date. He has written numerous scholarly articles primarily on issues relating to human rights and political theory and is a contributor to a variety of media outlets including The Washington Post, Al-Jazeera, LA Times, The Guardian, The Nation, The London Review of Books, and The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Paul Birkmeyer, EECS at UC Berkeley, talks about his work in the Biomimetic Millisystems Lab designing and building robots. The Lab seeks to harness features of locomotion, actuation, mechanics, and control strategies to improve millirobot capabilities.TranscriptSpeaker 1: [inaudible] [inaudible]. Welcome to spectrum Speaker 2: the science and technology show [00:00:30] on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program with interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists, a calendar of local events and news. My name is Brad swift and I'm the host of today's show. Today's interview is with Paul Burke Meyer, a phd candidate in the electrical engineering and computer science department known as Ekes. He is working with Professor Ron fearing in his biomimetic millis systems lab building six legged crawling and climbing robots. [00:01:00] The goal of the biomimetic Miller systems lab is to harness features of animal manipulations, locomotion, sensing actuation, mechanics, dynamics and control strategies to radically improve Miller robot capabilities. Miller robots are small robots. For instance, the robot Paul Burke Meyer has built named dash is 10 centimeters long, five centimeters wide and weighs 15 grams. This interview [00:01:30] is prerecorded and edited. Welcome to spectrum Paul Burke. Myer, thanks for coming. Speaker 3: Yeah. Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure to be here. Where are you situated at cal? What's your current status there? I am pursuing my phd here. I'm entering into my fifth year actually. Uh, and I'm studying Ekes specifically electrical engineering and I'm working on robotics in the w department. So Speaker 2: are you in a specific group with any x or is [00:02:00] it just a general study thing? No, it's gotta be something more specific for a Ph d Speaker 3: it is. So, uh, I've been working with Professor Ron fearing since I arrived and he runs the biomimetic Milly systems lab. And within that he has a few different projects, but specifically I'm working on a sort of six legged crawling and climbing robots. Describe for us the robots you're building that my goal for my phd when I first came and still true is to make [00:02:30] a robot that can dynamically climb up a any sort of surface that it's presented with. So the contribution I'm trying to make is how do you make a robot that's minimally actuated? So class uses only a single actuator right now, single motor to drive all the legs. How do you create something that is passively stable? So the structure itself makes it stable when it's climbing. So you don't actually have to spend extra computation and have extra motors on there to keep you from either [00:03:00] falling off the wall or turning and things like that. Speaker 3: Um, how can you climb dynamically, not this sort of slow plodding climbing. How can you climb dynamically, rapidly up a surface and do it stable and do it with very little effort. And what does the foot look like that allows you to make a robot like that. So what does your foot need to do in order to be able to engage and disengage rapidly and without any actuation? So that's [00:03:30] sort of what my phd will say in the end, hopefully. And maybe a year and a half or two years. How did you go about building that kind of a robot? Speaker 3: So the design was long and hard. Um, so when I first came to the biomimetic Mullin systems lab, they were already using what they're calling the smart composite manufacturing process, if you want to describe it. Yeah. So the original process was taking [00:04:00] two pieces of carbon fiber and cutting mirrored slits in both. You cut a bunch of slits on the one piece and you mere it across to the other, and then you take a piece of thin Palmer thin plastic sheet and then you take those two mirrored pieces and put them together and make a sandwich structure. And so you have carbon fiber with one pattern polymer, and then the other piece of carbon fiber with the same pattern that now aligns with the other one, it [00:04:30] bends. Now it's flexible at those polymer hinges at those where those slits were originally. So if each slit is a joint, it doesn't cost you anything to cut more joints out. Speaker 3: Whereas if you're making sort of traditional machined robot out of say aluminum and ball-bearings and things, each new joint does a new bearing, which has some costs, has extra weight. So you can add many, many joints. For example, Dash I think has 75 or more joints in [00:05:00] the robot. Um, many of them are fixed, so they're used just to fold up the final structure and then you glue them in place. Each hip has six moving joints. So each hip has six moving joints. They're six hips. So Justin, the hips alone, they're already 36 moving joints. Um, whereas if you were to do this with ball-bearings, you quickly get something very big and very heavy. So this actually started off as a prototyping process. [00:05:30] Before they would use the carbon fiber process to make their robots. At the time they were making very small robotic flies and you have to assemble these flies under microscopes and it's very tedious. Speaker 3: And if you, if you mess up, so in your design process, you didn't account for something or something doesn't quite align. You've lost a couple of days just working under a microscope, your back hurts, your eyes are tired and it's very frustrating. They realize, hey, this is just a geometric [00:06:00] pattern. So if we make it very small, little fold up the exact same way as if we make it very big, the pattern is the same, the folds are the same. So they take cardboard and make the pattern just bigger and then assemble it by hand without a microscope within a few hours. And exactly, they can tell it's gonna move in the way I want. So this started off as a prototyping process designed by, uh, Aaron Hoover, who's now a professor at Olin and he just graduated. So I actually took this process and started to make [00:06:30] robot designs and realized, Hey, these are actually very functional. Speaker 3: They don't have to be prototypes necessarily. They're actually functional robots at the end. And uh, the cardboard was used, it's cheap cuts very quickly on a laser and you can go through designs very quickly. So instead of having one design that takes two days to build, you can build one in an hour or two. And so you can sort of explore that design space very quickly. So coming into the lab, they were using this manufacturing process where you design everything flat and you cut it out with the laser and you have to fold [00:07:00] it up into something that is functional and moves in the way that you want. And at the time, and still true, we don't have any good way of mapping what a 2d pattern is in the laser cutter, what that map looks like. And what you'll get out when you fold it up into three dimensions. Speaker 3: Keeping in mind that these joints can't spin 360 degrees like a ball bearing. They're limited to at most 180 [00:07:30] degrees before they hit the link on the other side. So you have to in your in your head or on paper draw these structures. Say I started with hips, how can I get a nice leg motion out? And so I designed the hips and then like extrapolated that to six hips and sort of as you go you have to sort of mentally unfold these hips and figure out what that pattern looks like and then you put six hips and then you have to make sure that it can all fit on a flat piece and that when you unfolded [00:08:00] they don't have pieces that are unfolded on top of each other. As you go. Say you'll make a pattern and the first one you make, you fold it up and you realize that some part has to go through another part because the way you designed it actually you didn't realize this part was going to fold into the other cause you have to go back and redesign it. Speaker 3: A lot of trial and error, a lot of trial and error and it took more than 50, maybe, maybe less than a hundred different design iterations for the dash that is [00:08:30] published now from where I started. And even then there were some designs I did with just a single hip just to see what a good hip design was. And it took a lot of time just to get familiar with this folding and unfolding process and laying out parts in two dimensions. And that took me six months just to get familiar with that when I first came. So, so dash is made out of this paper composite. Um, but I've made Balsa wood versions, [00:09:00] I've made fiberglass versions. I actually have not made carbon fiber just because our laser that we use to cut carbon fiber, the bed is not quite big enough so you can't cut pieces quite big enough to make dash. But now we have actually a new laser that I, I will probably pursue carbon fiber if only for the novelty. Um, so it was a, it was a long process. Speaker 4: [inaudible] you are listening to spectrum [00:09:30] line a l x Berkeley. You're talking with Paul Burke Meyer about designing and building small six legged crawling and climbing robots. Speaker 2: The robot that you've built and published a paper about is called Dash. What does that stand for? Dash stands for the dynamic autonomous sprawled hexapod. Once you'd spent a lot of time with Dash, you then wanted [00:10:00] to create an x generation. What was it out of dash that you wanted to explore with clash? Speaker 3: So the things I liked about dash were the fact that it was still fairly small, 10 centimeters long, only 15 grams and very powerful. So if I kept it attached to a wall so it couldn't fall backwards off the wall, it had a lot of power. Could accelerate to full speed within a few hundred milliseconds. I mean it was very, very powerful. So that was nice. But its failure [00:10:30] was in the fact that in order to run it has these two plates basically that move up and down and forward and back relative to each other to drive the legs. That's basically the body is the transmission and it's true, the transmission is moving up and down. And so that's actually the problem is that it's pushing itself off the wall and it does this. So that was the, the main thing I wanted to address, but I liked the way the legs moved. Speaker 3: They call it alternating tripod gait where you have three legs in contact of any one time, so you have this [00:11:00] sort of tripod of support. So I knew what I had generally that worked and I knew sort of what didn't work. And so with clash it was how do I get rid of this up and down motion? And I'd spent enough years doing this smart composite manufacturing that the transition from dash to an entirely new design was only a couple iterations before I got something that actually climbed rather than multiple 50 or so iterations. So that was a lot smoother. The hips are essentially the same, but though the way that they're driven is a little bit different. [00:11:30] And now instead of moving up and down, it's sort of moving side to side and forward and back. So it's not pushing itself off the wall. Speaker 2: Can you describe the control systems you use for your robots? So the, the Speaker 3: interesting thing with the robots that we're making in our lab is that we're trying to reduce the amount of controls necessary as much as possible. Traditional robots, heavy computational power, um, so that they can control each limb and very precisely so in, in, or wants, they don't fall over. [00:12:00] Basically the biggest problem is not falling over for, for legged robots and maintaining stability at least traditionally. So what we're trying to do is to minimize the amount of overhead you have to have, just to be functional. So we've worked with biologists here at Berkeley. They've sort of found these really interesting properties and cockroaches where if they're running over smooth terrain, if you measure their, uh, leg muscle activity, it follows some very repeatable pattern [00:12:30] over smooth terrain, meaning that they're, they're activating the legs the same and then they give them this very rough, varied terrain with bumps, maybe two or three times the height of the cockroach. Speaker 3: They're very significant and they measure the leg activity and it looks almost exactly the same as when it's running on flat terrain. So what that that said to them was the roach is basically saying run and it doesn't care what the terrain is. They've decided that there's this [00:13:00] mechanical complexity and compliance. So the legs basically act as shock absorbers. They're just running and the legs sort of compensate for any roughness in the terrain. What we're trying to do is basically have a robot that does that where you just tell the robot to run and it doesn't care what it hits or what it's running over. It just basically runs and the legs are soft enough and bend enough to sort of compensate forever variation. There isn't the terrain. So the first design of dash that actually [00:13:30] put a motor in the motor actually came from a radio shack toy and I just took the electronics from that toy because it was remote controlled. Speaker 3: Since then, the electronics have been swapped for custom electronics. A couple other students in our lab have designed really small lightweight electronics with an accelerometer and a gyroscope, even a port for uh, integrating a cell phone camera and there students who are using that cell phone camera to sort of [00:14:00] guide the robot from my end. I'm basically doing the robot design and I put these electronics on and I have two commands, three really run. And I tell it how fast and turn left or turn right. And that's it. The nice thing is you don't have to do anything more than that because it, it, it runs well and it can go over a different terrain. It can climb obstacles and dash climb obstacles as tall as itself and it doesn't really care. And so that was what that lets you do is get really [00:14:30] small CPS, really small computers that basically you put on these robots and they take very little power. But now for control, all of all they have to say is go or turn when they can use the rest of their computational time to say, read information from the camera and decide which way do I want to go? What's my objective? So from a stability controls point, it's couldn't be easier. Um, and now we're using these whatever extra [00:15:00] CPU cycles in our small board to do sort of more complicated behavior, but that's sort of another person's project. Speaker 2: What sort of applications do you see this robot having? I know that you would want to use it as a vehicle, right? To have payloads on it. Right? And it also then goes into these strange places or if it can climb walls that's astounding. Right. On its own. Right. And then how do you then utilize it? Speaker 3: The original goal was to have a robot that you could deploy [00:15:30] in search and rescue operations. So, um, say in an earthquake where you have claps buildings or claps minds, um, you can send in very small robots, uh, through the cracks, through the crevices down to find survivors. And you can have thousands of these really cheap and small robots and you don't care if 99% of the robots fail to find anyone or fail to even make it down as long as some small fraction finds a survivor, then you have, [00:16:00] technically you've succeeded. So the goal is to make lots of these small, inexpensive robots that can climb through the cracks, have sensors on them that can detect if someone's alive and then little radios to communicate with each other and communicate with the outside world to say, this is where someone is. Even if it's with some high probability that there's someone here, you know, it's worth spending your time digging in this exact location rather than having to uncover the entire building. Speaker 2: I would imagine there are lots of uses in that realm of, of sensing [00:16:30] environments just in general, whether it's a collapse, building, a search and rescue, but you're just a hazardous place to monitor. And to have these things patrolling. So there's the, the whole idea is numbers and inexpensive, right? Manufacturer, Speaker 3: right. So, so there are also proposals for environmental sensing. So deploying these robots, especially these nice mobile robots and say agricultural areas where you want to track how a crop dusters pesticides [00:17:00] travel across the countryside. You could have robots that sort of move and they can respond to say changing winds so that it can sort of get into the line of you know, the the path of these plumes of pesticides and sort of track how they're progressing across the country if they're affecting, you know, downwind communities. Also we have visions of putting these on bridges to do, checking for signs of stress on bridges and or say the nuclear power plants [00:17:30] in Japan. You could deploy these and have them run around and find you know, leaks or just have a nice mesh sort of deployed sensor network and sort of get readings from lots of different spaces and sort of try to understand how the radiation is moving. Oh Speaker 4: you are listening to spectrum line k a l x Berkeley. We are talking with Paul Burke Meyer about designing and building small six legged crawling [00:18:00] and climbing robots. Speaker 2: So Paul, how did you become interested in engineering? Speaker 3: For me it was pretty clear from the beginning. So when I was younger, um, I was really interested in, well like most people in engineering right now. I built a lot of things out of Legos and connects and things and was really interested in electronics. I actually had [00:18:30] an elderly neighbor next door to me who I would go over and visit and uh, he would give me all of his popular mechanics magazines and popular science magazines when he was done reading them. And I think that was really the hook that got me because I was reading these magazines, seeing all these cool things and thinking like, how can I end up in this magazine? What can I do to be in this magazine because these are all really, really neat things. I think that was the, the original hook. Then, uh, it sort of blossomed [00:19:00] in high school. Speaker 3: We had, uh, an advanced physics class. It was the first time it was offered and it was really sort of undefined. The curriculum wasn't really well formed and uh, as a result we had some freedom that you might not normally have in a high school course to do different projects that we wanted. Uh, the teacher at the time approached me maybe two thirds of the way into the year and said, hey, I have this, uh, this little programming board that they use at MIT for basic robotics things and I just have one of them and [00:19:30] you're doing well in the class. You want to see if you can maybe make a something and we can try to define a project for you using this board. The project ended up being making a robot that could drive through a maze and pop a balloon at the end. And he actually let me pick a partner to work with me. And I actually chose my girlfriend at the time who is now my wife. Um, and so we worked on this project for a long time and had a lot of fun. We made the whole, like the car system programmed the robot [00:20:00] and it was a spectacular failure, but it really was a lot of fun. And I think that was sort of what really cemented engineering for me. Speaker 2: So you mentioned in, in talking about getting started in robotics and engineering, the the aspect of having a lot of fun with it and are you able to maintain that sense of fun and play in your work? For me Speaker 3: this is, it's all fun. It's, I feel like I'm making toys all day [00:20:30] and I don't have to work at it to keep it fun because I love making these things and I think it's really exciting to come up with new structures and sort of understand why things aren't working, what you can do to change them. So for me it's, I mean adjust the, the project itself is so I think, I think it can be fun for other people when you have a like I can make this project fun for other people by actually making something that works and [00:21:00] sharing it with people and having this cool little robot that they can play with that can run up walls and things like that. But I think, I think it's true for lots of people in their careers. I think if you find the one you like, it's fun no matter what you do as long as, as long as you get to do it. So Speaker 2: well thanks very much Paul for coming in and talking. Speaker 3: Came with us was great. You're welcome. There was a lot of fun. Speaker 4: The [00:21:30] video of dash on Youtube, search for dash resilient, high speed 16 gram x and pedal robot regular feature of spectrum is to mention a few of the science and technology events happening locally over the next few weeks. [inaudible]. Speaker 2: The Science at Cau lecture series for July will be presented by professor Romanian Kezar Rooney [00:22:00] and will be entitled Exoskeleton Systems for medical applications. Dr Casa Rooney is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of California, Berkeley and director of the Berkeley Robotics and human engineering laboratory is one of the world's leading experts in robotic human augmentation. The date of the lecture is Saturday, July 16th at 11:00 AM in the genetics and plant biology building room 100 which is on the northwest corner of the UC Berkeley campus. [00:22:30] The East Bay Science cafe is held the first Wednesday of every month that the cafe of Valparaiso at La Pena Cultural Center, 31 oh five Shattuck avenue in Berkeley from 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM the cost of admittance is the purchase of a beverage or food item of your choice. Wednesday, July 6th our crystal Cha graduate student and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow in the Department of integrative biology at UC Berkeley will present. [00:23:00] Her topic is titled Spiders, Crustaceans, and sells omi. A story of how animals use cells to put themselves together. Speaker 2: UC Berkeley. Professor Gordon. Frankie will present a discussion on native bee populations in the bay area at the Peralta community garden. This event is free and open to the public. It will be held Saturday, July 9th at noon in the Peralta community garden. The garden address is 1400 Peralta [00:23:30] AV in Berkeley. Since today's show is at the beginning of the month, let me remind you of the free admittance days for some of the local institutions that normally charge admission. The exploratorium in San Francisco is the first Wednesday of each month. The UC botanical garden in Strawberry Canyon. Berkeley is the first Thursday of each month. The Tech Museum in San Jose is the second Sunday of each month. The Cal Academy of Science in San Francisco is the third Wednesday of each month. [00:24:00] Now several news stories from the UC Berkeley News Center. The story about a new public website providing access to extensive climate change research being conducted at California universities and research centers. Speaker 2: The website. cal-adapt.org has a variety of features tailored for different types of users, including members of the general public, concerned about their neighborhood or region decision-makers such as city planners and resource managers [00:24:30] and experts who want to examine data. The information on the website comes from peer reviewed climate change research funded by the California Energy Commission's public interest energy research program. The site displays the research data in a variety of climate change related scenarios and in map format modeling various projections such as changes in snowpack, wildfire, danger and temperature throughout the end of the century. The cal dash adapt website was developed by the [00:25:00] geospatial innovation facility at UC Berkeley's College of natural resources. Speaker 2: The journal Science gives out a monthly prize called spore. Spore stands for science prize for online resources in education. The June award was given to the molecular work bench software developed by the Concord consortium. The molecular workbench is a free open source software tool that helps learners overcome challenges and understanding the science of atoms [00:25:30] and molecules. This software simulates atomic scale phenomenon, permits users to interact with them. It can model electrons, atoms, and molecules, which makes it exceptable across physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Students from grades five through college can use the software to experiment with atomic scale systems. The software includes an author ing tool that enables educators to create complete learning activities with simulations, [00:26:00] text, images, graphs, navigation links and embedded assessments. Hundreds of these activities have been created and tested in classrooms. Educators are free to download and use completed activities or simulations or create their own. Speaker 2: The website is mw.concorde.org/modeler/in an earlier show, we carried a story [00:26:30] about research into toxic flame retardant chemicals in clothing and furniture which pose health hazards for babies and young children. A companion study on the efficacy of the flame retardants was released in June in a peer study presented at the 10th annual symposium on fire safety science at the University of Maryland on June 21st scientists found that California's furniture flammability standard technical bulletin one one seven does not provide measurable fire safety [00:27:00] benefits. The standard has led to the unnecessary use of flame retardant chemicals at high levels and baby products and furniture, widespread human and animal exposure, and the potential to harm human health and the environment. While there are no proven fire safety benefits to technical bulletin one one seven the chemicals used to meet it leak from furniture into house dust, which is ingested by people in pets. Speaker 2: Humans studies have shown associations [00:27:30] between increased flame retardant body levels and reduced IQ in children reduced fertility and to Krinn and thyroid disruption changes in male hormone levels, adverse birth outcomes and impaired development. Flame retardants have been found in the bodies of nearly all north Americans tested with the highest human levels in young children and Californians. Dogs have retardant [00:28:00] levels up to 10 times higher than humans and cats because of their grooming behavior have levels up to 100 times higher. The California standard established by technical bulletin one one seven has become a de facto national standard legislation to allow an alternative fabric flammability standard that would provide equal or greater fire safety without the use of chemical flame retardants failed last month with strong opposition [00:28:30] from lobbyists for Kim Torah, Alber Marley and Israeli chemicals limited. For more information and the complete study, go to the website, green science policy.org Speaker 5: [inaudible] [inaudible]. Speaker 4: The abuse occurred during the show is by Listonic Donna David from his album folk and acoustic made [00:29:00] available by a creative Commons attribution only licensed 3.0 editing assistance was provided by Judith White Marceline and Gretchen Sanders. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have any comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks [00:29:30] at the same time. Speaker 5: [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Paul Birkmeyer, EECS at UC Berkeley, talks about his work in the Biomimetic Millisystems Lab designing and building robots. The Lab seeks to harness features of locomotion, actuation, mechanics, and control strategies to improve millirobot capabilities.TranscriptSpeaker 1: [inaudible] [inaudible]. Welcome to spectrum Speaker 2: the science and technology show [00:00:30] on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program with interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists, a calendar of local events and news. My name is Brad swift and I'm the host of today's show. Today's interview is with Paul Burke Meyer, a phd candidate in the electrical engineering and computer science department known as Ekes. He is working with Professor Ron fearing in his biomimetic millis systems lab building six legged crawling and climbing robots. [00:01:00] The goal of the biomimetic Miller systems lab is to harness features of animal manipulations, locomotion, sensing actuation, mechanics, dynamics and control strategies to radically improve Miller robot capabilities. Miller robots are small robots. For instance, the robot Paul Burke Meyer has built named dash is 10 centimeters long, five centimeters wide and weighs 15 grams. This interview [00:01:30] is prerecorded and edited. Welcome to spectrum Paul Burke. Myer, thanks for coming. Speaker 3: Yeah. Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure to be here. Where are you situated at cal? What's your current status there? I am pursuing my phd here. I'm entering into my fifth year actually. Uh, and I'm studying Ekes specifically electrical engineering and I'm working on robotics in the w department. So Speaker 2: are you in a specific group with any x or is [00:02:00] it just a general study thing? No, it's gotta be something more specific for a Ph d Speaker 3: it is. So, uh, I've been working with Professor Ron fearing since I arrived and he runs the biomimetic Milly systems lab. And within that he has a few different projects, but specifically I'm working on a sort of six legged crawling and climbing robots. Describe for us the robots you're building that my goal for my phd when I first came and still true is to make [00:02:30] a robot that can dynamically climb up a any sort of surface that it's presented with. So the contribution I'm trying to make is how do you make a robot that's minimally actuated? So class uses only a single actuator right now, single motor to drive all the legs. How do you create something that is passively stable? So the structure itself makes it stable when it's climbing. So you don't actually have to spend extra computation and have extra motors on there to keep you from either [00:03:00] falling off the wall or turning and things like that. Speaker 3: Um, how can you climb dynamically, not this sort of slow plodding climbing. How can you climb dynamically, rapidly up a surface and do it stable and do it with very little effort. And what does the foot look like that allows you to make a robot like that. So what does your foot need to do in order to be able to engage and disengage rapidly and without any actuation? So that's [00:03:30] sort of what my phd will say in the end, hopefully. And maybe a year and a half or two years. How did you go about building that kind of a robot? Speaker 3: So the design was long and hard. Um, so when I first came to the biomimetic Mullin systems lab, they were already using what they're calling the smart composite manufacturing process, if you want to describe it. Yeah. So the original process was taking [00:04:00] two pieces of carbon fiber and cutting mirrored slits in both. You cut a bunch of slits on the one piece and you mere it across to the other, and then you take a piece of thin Palmer thin plastic sheet and then you take those two mirrored pieces and put them together and make a sandwich structure. And so you have carbon fiber with one pattern polymer, and then the other piece of carbon fiber with the same pattern that now aligns with the other one, it [00:04:30] bends. Now it's flexible at those polymer hinges at those where those slits were originally. So if each slit is a joint, it doesn't cost you anything to cut more joints out. Speaker 3: Whereas if you're making sort of traditional machined robot out of say aluminum and ball-bearings and things, each new joint does a new bearing, which has some costs, has extra weight. So you can add many, many joints. For example, Dash I think has 75 or more joints in [00:05:00] the robot. Um, many of them are fixed, so they're used just to fold up the final structure and then you glue them in place. Each hip has six moving joints. So each hip has six moving joints. They're six hips. So Justin, the hips alone, they're already 36 moving joints. Um, whereas if you were to do this with ball-bearings, you quickly get something very big and very heavy. So this actually started off as a prototyping process. [00:05:30] Before they would use the carbon fiber process to make their robots. At the time they were making very small robotic flies and you have to assemble these flies under microscopes and it's very tedious. Speaker 3: And if you, if you mess up, so in your design process, you didn't account for something or something doesn't quite align. You've lost a couple of days just working under a microscope, your back hurts, your eyes are tired and it's very frustrating. They realize, hey, this is just a geometric [00:06:00] pattern. So if we make it very small, little fold up the exact same way as if we make it very big, the pattern is the same, the folds are the same. So they take cardboard and make the pattern just bigger and then assemble it by hand without a microscope within a few hours. And exactly, they can tell it's gonna move in the way I want. So this started off as a prototyping process designed by, uh, Aaron Hoover, who's now a professor at Olin and he just graduated. So I actually took this process and started to make [00:06:30] robot designs and realized, Hey, these are actually very functional. Speaker 3: They don't have to be prototypes necessarily. They're actually functional robots at the end. And uh, the cardboard was used, it's cheap cuts very quickly on a laser and you can go through designs very quickly. So instead of having one design that takes two days to build, you can build one in an hour or two. And so you can sort of explore that design space very quickly. So coming into the lab, they were using this manufacturing process where you design everything flat and you cut it out with the laser and you have to fold [00:07:00] it up into something that is functional and moves in the way that you want. And at the time, and still true, we don't have any good way of mapping what a 2d pattern is in the laser cutter, what that map looks like. And what you'll get out when you fold it up into three dimensions. Speaker 3: Keeping in mind that these joints can't spin 360 degrees like a ball bearing. They're limited to at most 180 [00:07:30] degrees before they hit the link on the other side. So you have to in your in your head or on paper draw these structures. Say I started with hips, how can I get a nice leg motion out? And so I designed the hips and then like extrapolated that to six hips and sort of as you go you have to sort of mentally unfold these hips and figure out what that pattern looks like and then you put six hips and then you have to make sure that it can all fit on a flat piece and that when you unfolded [00:08:00] they don't have pieces that are unfolded on top of each other. As you go. Say you'll make a pattern and the first one you make, you fold it up and you realize that some part has to go through another part because the way you designed it actually you didn't realize this part was going to fold into the other cause you have to go back and redesign it. Speaker 3: A lot of trial and error, a lot of trial and error and it took more than 50, maybe, maybe less than a hundred different design iterations for the dash that is [00:08:30] published now from where I started. And even then there were some designs I did with just a single hip just to see what a good hip design was. And it took a lot of time just to get familiar with this folding and unfolding process and laying out parts in two dimensions. And that took me six months just to get familiar with that when I first came. So, so dash is made out of this paper composite. Um, but I've made Balsa wood versions, [00:09:00] I've made fiberglass versions. I actually have not made carbon fiber just because our laser that we use to cut carbon fiber, the bed is not quite big enough so you can't cut pieces quite big enough to make dash. But now we have actually a new laser that I, I will probably pursue carbon fiber if only for the novelty. Um, so it was a, it was a long process. Speaker 4: [inaudible] you are listening to spectrum [00:09:30] line a l x Berkeley. You're talking with Paul Burke Meyer about designing and building small six legged crawling and climbing robots. Speaker 2: The robot that you've built and published a paper about is called Dash. What does that stand for? Dash stands for the dynamic autonomous sprawled hexapod. Once you'd spent a lot of time with Dash, you then wanted [00:10:00] to create an x generation. What was it out of dash that you wanted to explore with clash? Speaker 3: So the things I liked about dash were the fact that it was still fairly small, 10 centimeters long, only 15 grams and very powerful. So if I kept it attached to a wall so it couldn't fall backwards off the wall, it had a lot of power. Could accelerate to full speed within a few hundred milliseconds. I mean it was very, very powerful. So that was nice. But its failure [00:10:30] was in the fact that in order to run it has these two plates basically that move up and down and forward and back relative to each other to drive the legs. That's basically the body is the transmission and it's true, the transmission is moving up and down. And so that's actually the problem is that it's pushing itself off the wall and it does this. So that was the, the main thing I wanted to address, but I liked the way the legs moved. Speaker 3: They call it alternating tripod gait where you have three legs in contact of any one time, so you have this [00:11:00] sort of tripod of support. So I knew what I had generally that worked and I knew sort of what didn't work. And so with clash it was how do I get rid of this up and down motion? And I'd spent enough years doing this smart composite manufacturing that the transition from dash to an entirely new design was only a couple iterations before I got something that actually climbed rather than multiple 50 or so iterations. So that was a lot smoother. The hips are essentially the same, but though the way that they're driven is a little bit different. [00:11:30] And now instead of moving up and down, it's sort of moving side to side and forward and back. So it's not pushing itself off the wall. Speaker 2: Can you describe the control systems you use for your robots? So the, the Speaker 3: interesting thing with the robots that we're making in our lab is that we're trying to reduce the amount of controls necessary as much as possible. Traditional robots, heavy computational power, um, so that they can control each limb and very precisely so in, in, or wants, they don't fall over. [00:12:00] Basically the biggest problem is not falling over for, for legged robots and maintaining stability at least traditionally. So what we're trying to do is to minimize the amount of overhead you have to have, just to be functional. So we've worked with biologists here at Berkeley. They've sort of found these really interesting properties and cockroaches where if they're running over smooth terrain, if you measure their, uh, leg muscle activity, it follows some very repeatable pattern [00:12:30] over smooth terrain, meaning that they're, they're activating the legs the same and then they give them this very rough, varied terrain with bumps, maybe two or three times the height of the cockroach. Speaker 3: They're very significant and they measure the leg activity and it looks almost exactly the same as when it's running on flat terrain. So what that that said to them was the roach is basically saying run and it doesn't care what the terrain is. They've decided that there's this [00:13:00] mechanical complexity and compliance. So the legs basically act as shock absorbers. They're just running and the legs sort of compensate for any roughness in the terrain. What we're trying to do is basically have a robot that does that where you just tell the robot to run and it doesn't care what it hits or what it's running over. It just basically runs and the legs are soft enough and bend enough to sort of compensate forever variation. There isn't the terrain. So the first design of dash that actually [00:13:30] put a motor in the motor actually came from a radio shack toy and I just took the electronics from that toy because it was remote controlled. Speaker 3: Since then, the electronics have been swapped for custom electronics. A couple other students in our lab have designed really small lightweight electronics with an accelerometer and a gyroscope, even a port for uh, integrating a cell phone camera and there students who are using that cell phone camera to sort of [00:14:00] guide the robot from my end. I'm basically doing the robot design and I put these electronics on and I have two commands, three really run. And I tell it how fast and turn left or turn right. And that's it. The nice thing is you don't have to do anything more than that because it, it, it runs well and it can go over a different terrain. It can climb obstacles and dash climb obstacles as tall as itself and it doesn't really care. And so that was what that lets you do is get really [00:14:30] small CPS, really small computers that basically you put on these robots and they take very little power. But now for control, all of all they have to say is go or turn when they can use the rest of their computational time to say, read information from the camera and decide which way do I want to go? What's my objective? So from a stability controls point, it's couldn't be easier. Um, and now we're using these whatever extra [00:15:00] CPU cycles in our small board to do sort of more complicated behavior, but that's sort of another person's project. Speaker 2: What sort of applications do you see this robot having? I know that you would want to use it as a vehicle, right? To have payloads on it. Right? And it also then goes into these strange places or if it can climb walls that's astounding. Right. On its own. Right. And then how do you then utilize it? Speaker 3: The original goal was to have a robot that you could deploy [00:15:30] in search and rescue operations. So, um, say in an earthquake where you have claps buildings or claps minds, um, you can send in very small robots, uh, through the cracks, through the crevices down to find survivors. And you can have thousands of these really cheap and small robots and you don't care if 99% of the robots fail to find anyone or fail to even make it down as long as some small fraction finds a survivor, then you have, [00:16:00] technically you've succeeded. So the goal is to make lots of these small, inexpensive robots that can climb through the cracks, have sensors on them that can detect if someone's alive and then little radios to communicate with each other and communicate with the outside world to say, this is where someone is. Even if it's with some high probability that there's someone here, you know, it's worth spending your time digging in this exact location rather than having to uncover the entire building. Speaker 2: I would imagine there are lots of uses in that realm of, of sensing [00:16:30] environments just in general, whether it's a collapse, building, a search and rescue, but you're just a hazardous place to monitor. And to have these things patrolling. So there's the, the whole idea is numbers and inexpensive, right? Manufacturer, Speaker 3: right. So, so there are also proposals for environmental sensing. So deploying these robots, especially these nice mobile robots and say agricultural areas where you want to track how a crop dusters pesticides [00:17:00] travel across the countryside. You could have robots that sort of move and they can respond to say changing winds so that it can sort of get into the line of you know, the the path of these plumes of pesticides and sort of track how they're progressing across the country if they're affecting, you know, downwind communities. Also we have visions of putting these on bridges to do, checking for signs of stress on bridges and or say the nuclear power plants [00:17:30] in Japan. You could deploy these and have them run around and find you know, leaks or just have a nice mesh sort of deployed sensor network and sort of get readings from lots of different spaces and sort of try to understand how the radiation is moving. Oh Speaker 4: you are listening to spectrum line k a l x Berkeley. We are talking with Paul Burke Meyer about designing and building small six legged crawling [00:18:00] and climbing robots. Speaker 2: So Paul, how did you become interested in engineering? Speaker 3: For me it was pretty clear from the beginning. So when I was younger, um, I was really interested in, well like most people in engineering right now. I built a lot of things out of Legos and connects and things and was really interested in electronics. I actually had [00:18:30] an elderly neighbor next door to me who I would go over and visit and uh, he would give me all of his popular mechanics magazines and popular science magazines when he was done reading them. And I think that was really the hook that got me because I was reading these magazines, seeing all these cool things and thinking like, how can I end up in this magazine? What can I do to be in this magazine because these are all really, really neat things. I think that was the, the original hook. Then, uh, it sort of blossomed [00:19:00] in high school. Speaker 3: We had, uh, an advanced physics class. It was the first time it was offered and it was really sort of undefined. The curriculum wasn't really well formed and uh, as a result we had some freedom that you might not normally have in a high school course to do different projects that we wanted. Uh, the teacher at the time approached me maybe two thirds of the way into the year and said, hey, I have this, uh, this little programming board that they use at MIT for basic robotics things and I just have one of them and [00:19:30] you're doing well in the class. You want to see if you can maybe make a something and we can try to define a project for you using this board. The project ended up being making a robot that could drive through a maze and pop a balloon at the end. And he actually let me pick a partner to work with me. And I actually chose my girlfriend at the time who is now my wife. Um, and so we worked on this project for a long time and had a lot of fun. We made the whole, like the car system programmed the robot [00:20:00] and it was a spectacular failure, but it really was a lot of fun. And I think that was sort of what really cemented engineering for me. Speaker 2: So you mentioned in, in talking about getting started in robotics and engineering, the the aspect of having a lot of fun with it and are you able to maintain that sense of fun and play in your work? For me Speaker 3: this is, it's all fun. It's, I feel like I'm making toys all day [00:20:30] and I don't have to work at it to keep it fun because I love making these things and I think it's really exciting to come up with new structures and sort of understand why things aren't working, what you can do to change them. So for me it's, I mean adjust the, the project itself is so I think, I think it can be fun for other people when you have a like I can make this project fun for other people by actually making something that works and [00:21:00] sharing it with people and having this cool little robot that they can play with that can run up walls and things like that. But I think, I think it's true for lots of people in their careers. I think if you find the one you like, it's fun no matter what you do as long as, as long as you get to do it. So Speaker 2: well thanks very much Paul for coming in and talking. Speaker 3: Came with us was great. You're welcome. There was a lot of fun. Speaker 4: The [00:21:30] video of dash on Youtube, search for dash resilient, high speed 16 gram x and pedal robot regular feature of spectrum is to mention a few of the science and technology events happening locally over the next few weeks. [inaudible]. Speaker 2: The Science at Cau lecture series for July will be presented by professor Romanian Kezar Rooney [00:22:00] and will be entitled Exoskeleton Systems for medical applications. Dr Casa Rooney is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of California, Berkeley and director of the Berkeley Robotics and human engineering laboratory is one of the world's leading experts in robotic human augmentation. The date of the lecture is Saturday, July 16th at 11:00 AM in the genetics and plant biology building room 100 which is on the northwest corner of the UC Berkeley campus. [00:22:30] The East Bay Science cafe is held the first Wednesday of every month that the cafe of Valparaiso at La Pena Cultural Center, 31 oh five Shattuck avenue in Berkeley from 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM the cost of admittance is the purchase of a beverage or food item of your choice. Wednesday, July 6th our crystal Cha graduate student and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow in the Department of integrative biology at UC Berkeley will present. [00:23:00] Her topic is titled Spiders, Crustaceans, and sells omi. A story of how animals use cells to put themselves together. Speaker 2: UC Berkeley. Professor Gordon. Frankie will present a discussion on native bee populations in the bay area at the Peralta community garden. This event is free and open to the public. It will be held Saturday, July 9th at noon in the Peralta community garden. The garden address is 1400 Peralta [00:23:30] AV in Berkeley. Since today's show is at the beginning of the month, let me remind you of the free admittance days for some of the local institutions that normally charge admission. The exploratorium in San Francisco is the first Wednesday of each month. The UC botanical garden in Strawberry Canyon. Berkeley is the first Thursday of each month. The Tech Museum in San Jose is the second Sunday of each month. The Cal Academy of Science in San Francisco is the third Wednesday of each month. [00:24:00] Now several news stories from the UC Berkeley News Center. The story about a new public website providing access to extensive climate change research being conducted at California universities and research centers. Speaker 2: The website. cal-adapt.org has a variety of features tailored for different types of users, including members of the general public, concerned about their neighborhood or region decision-makers such as city planners and resource managers [00:24:30] and experts who want to examine data. The information on the website comes from peer reviewed climate change research funded by the California Energy Commission's public interest energy research program. The site displays the research data in a variety of climate change related scenarios and in map format modeling various projections such as changes in snowpack, wildfire, danger and temperature throughout the end of the century. The cal dash adapt website was developed by the [00:25:00] geospatial innovation facility at UC Berkeley's College of natural resources. Speaker 2: The journal Science gives out a monthly prize called spore. Spore stands for science prize for online resources in education. The June award was given to the molecular work bench software developed by the Concord consortium. The molecular workbench is a free open source software tool that helps learners overcome challenges and understanding the science of atoms [00:25:30] and molecules. This software simulates atomic scale phenomenon, permits users to interact with them. It can model electrons, atoms, and molecules, which makes it exceptable across physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Students from grades five through college can use the software to experiment with atomic scale systems. The software includes an author ing tool that enables educators to create complete learning activities with simulations, [00:26:00] text, images, graphs, navigation links and embedded assessments. Hundreds of these activities have been created and tested in classrooms. Educators are free to download and use completed activities or simulations or create their own. Speaker 2: The website is mw.concorde.org/modeler/in an earlier show, we carried a story [00:26:30] about research into toxic flame retardant chemicals in clothing and furniture which pose health hazards for babies and young children. A companion study on the efficacy of the flame retardants was released in June in a peer study presented at the 10th annual symposium on fire safety science at the University of Maryland on June 21st scientists found that California's furniture flammability standard technical bulletin one one seven does not provide measurable fire safety [00:27:00] benefits. The standard has led to the unnecessary use of flame retardant chemicals at high levels and baby products and furniture, widespread human and animal exposure, and the potential to harm human health and the environment. While there are no proven fire safety benefits to technical bulletin one one seven the chemicals used to meet it leak from furniture into house dust, which is ingested by people in pets. Speaker 2: Humans studies have shown associations [00:27:30] between increased flame retardant body levels and reduced IQ in children reduced fertility and to Krinn and thyroid disruption changes in male hormone levels, adverse birth outcomes and impaired development. Flame retardants have been found in the bodies of nearly all north Americans tested with the highest human levels in young children and Californians. Dogs have retardant [00:28:00] levels up to 10 times higher than humans and cats because of their grooming behavior have levels up to 100 times higher. The California standard established by technical bulletin one one seven has become a de facto national standard legislation to allow an alternative fabric flammability standard that would provide equal or greater fire safety without the use of chemical flame retardants failed last month with strong opposition [00:28:30] from lobbyists for Kim Torah, Alber Marley and Israeli chemicals limited. For more information and the complete study, go to the website, green science policy.org Speaker 5: [inaudible] [inaudible]. Speaker 4: The abuse occurred during the show is by Listonic Donna David from his album folk and acoustic made [00:29:00] available by a creative Commons attribution only licensed 3.0 editing assistance was provided by Judith White Marceline and Gretchen Sanders. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have any comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks [00:29:30] at the same time. Speaker 5: [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. The University of Chicago Law School is proud to welcome Professor Sarah Barringer Gordon of Penn Law School for the 2010 Fulton Lecture in Legal History.Professor Gordon's lecture, entitled "The Spirit of the Law: Separation of Church and State from 1945-1990," will touch on the same themes explored in her book The Spirit of the Law, published this year by Harvard University Press.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. The University of Chicago Law School is proud to welcome Professor Sarah Barringer Gordon of Penn Law School for the 2010 Fulton Lecture in Legal History.Professor Gordon's lecture, entitled "The Spirit of the Law: Separation of Church and State from 1945-1990," will touch on the same themes explored in her book The Spirit of the Law, published this year by Harvard University Press.

Dr. Gordon is a senior research consultant at the Iowa Policy Project, for which he has written (with Peter Fisher and Elaine Ditsler) a number of reports on health coverage, economic development, and wages and working conditions (including the biennial State of Working Iowa series). He is interested in public policy and political economy within the United States. His first book, New Deals: Business, Labor and Politics, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994), is a major reconsideration of the relationship of the Roosevelt Administration to the business community in the 1930s. His second book, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2003), is a history of health care policy in the United States across the twentieth century. His third book, Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008) traces the transformation of metropolitan St. Louis in the 20th century, focusing on local regulation of land use, including restrictive deed covenants, real estate restrictions, and municipal zoning. Mapping Decline employs both conventional archival research and digital (GIS) mapping of a range of archival, demographic, and political data. Colin Gordon received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1990. Professor Gordon is the current Chair of the Department of History at the University of Iowa.

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline “a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.” That it is. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices