Podcasts about Suez

Les Poissons-lions (ou Rascasses volantes), ces beautés du diable, constituent aujourd'hui une très problématique espèce envahissante. Les Rascasses volantes (“Lion fish” en anglais) appartiennent, comme les Poissons-scorpions, à la famille des scorpénidés. Tout ça sent le venin et les embrouilles… Dans l'œil d'un poisson, tous les membres de cette famille sont mimétiques, de deux façons très différentes. Les Pterois (Rascasses volantes) de cet épisode de Petit Poisson Deviendra Podcast vivent en pleine eau et lévitent placidement. Mais bam ! Elles chopent en une fraction de seconde tout ce qui passe à portée de leur bouche d'alien protractile. Les Poissons-Scorpions, leurs cousines du prochain épisode sont quand à elles tapis au fond, déguisés en algues et en rocher. Invisibles, bim ! Ils engloutissent de la même façon tout petit poisson myope ou imprudent, qui du coup ne deviendra plus jamais podcast… Tous les scorpénidés sont pourvus de nageoires à longs rayons équipées de glandes contenant un puissant venin. Depuis une dizaine d'années, les Poissons lions (rascasses volantes) (Pterois volitans et Pterois miles) sont devenues des EEE, des espèces exotiques envahissantes. À la suite d'un relâché accidentel, elles ravagent les récifs des régions de l'Atlantique Ouest, de la mer des Caraïbes et du golfe du Mexique... Elles envahissent aussi la Méditerranée, avec un début de migration lessepsienne (par le canal de Suez), en raison du réchauffement climatique. Elles pullulent, n'ont pas de prédateurs naturels dans les nouvelles zones colonisées. Elles se reproduisent vite et mangent tous les alevins des autres espèces. Les plongeurs incitent des requins à les manger et des restaurateurs comme celui de cette vidéo les mettent à leur menu. Nous avons le même problème en Europe avec le crabe bleu et quelques autres EEE. Pour une fois la pêche et le commerce sont envisagés comme solutions !___

Les Poissons-Papillons sont des “butineurs” des récifs (130 espèces). Ils doivent leur nom à leurs extraordinaires livrées qui rappellent celles des plus beaux papillons et au fait qu'ils "butinent" leur nourriture dans les récifs coralliens. Ils sont le plus souvent rayés en blanc, noir et jaune. La plupart d'entre eux arborent un masque noir de zorro sur les yeux. La robe des juvéniles est souvent très différente de celle des adultes. Nous en verrons bientôt l'utilité.Leur museau tubulaire est doté de petites dents. Leur nom de famille vient d'ailleurs de là : chaetodontidae signifie “dents en forme de mini-poils” en grec. Souvent leur corps porte une grosse tache sombre, un ocelle, qui évoque un œil, ce qui peut effrayer d'éventuels prédateurs. Ces poissons sont inféodés aux récifs tropicaux. Ils se nourrissent de petits invertébrés, de plancton et parfois de corail et d'autres cnidaires, comme les anémones de mer. De nombreuses espèces de Poissons-Papillons sont considérées comme des bioindicateurs de l'état de santé des coraux. Leurs déjections contiennent des microalgues vivantes... que les jeunes coraux récupèrent comme colocs afin de vivre en symbiose.Ces déjections pourraient remédier au blanchiment du corail, phénomène provoqué par le réchauffement climatique. Ce "bleeching" tue le corail et menace à court terme les 3/4 des récifs coralliens de la planète... qui abritent 1/4 des espèces sous-marines connues. Des captures de Poissons-Papillons, dont les ancêtre sont arrivés depuis la mer Rouge via le canal de Suez, ont parfois lieu en Méditerranée, mais demeurent rares (cas de migration “lessepsienne”, du nom de l'ingénieur du canal de Suez). Ces poissons sublimes sont très appréciés dans les aquariums d'eau de mer… mais difficiles à nourrir, car leur alimentation est très spécialisée.___

A new week means new questions! Hope you have fun with these!The 1938 edition of Larousse Gastronomique defines what as "the art of preparing various meats, in particular pork, in order to present them in the most diverse ways"?A mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance is known by what C term?Intangible creations of human thought is often listed as "IP" in legal systems; what does IP stand for?In Islamic terminology, what term refers to immutable, intangible divine law?Which peninsula separates the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba?Who was the only president to be selected for Time Person of the Year before his time in office as President?Though it might look like inorganic alien formations, marine invertebrates in colonies of many identical individual polyps are living organisms known by what term?Who is the oldest Spice Girl?Name any of the three leaders of the Second Triumvirate of the Roman republic.Barouche, Cabriolet, and Hansom Cab are all types of what?What is the parent company of British media and telecommunications conglomerate Sky Group Limited?MusicHot Swing, Fast Talkin, Bass Walker, Dances and Dames, Ambush by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Don't forget to follow us on social media:Patreon – patreon.com/quizbang – Please consider supporting us on Patreon. Check out our fun extras for patrons and help us keep this podcast going. We appreciate any level of support!Website – quizbangpod.com Check out our website, it will have all the links for social media that you need and while you're there, why not go to the contact us page and submit a question!Facebook – @quizbangpodcast – we post episode links and silly lego pictures to go with our trivia questions. Enjoy the silly picture and give your best guess, we will respond to your answer the next day to give everyone a chance to guess.Instagram – Quiz Quiz Bang Bang (quizquizbangbang), we post silly lego pictures to go with our trivia questions. Enjoy the silly picture and give your best guess, we will respond to your answer the next day to give everyone a chance to guess.Twitter – @quizbangpod We want to start a fun community for our fellow trivia lovers. If you hear/think of a fun or challenging trivia question, post it to our twitter feed and we will repost it so everyone can take a stab it. Come for the trivia – stay for the trivia.Ko-Fi – ko-fi.com/quizbangpod – Keep that sweet caffeine running through our body with a Ko-Fi, power us through a late night of fact checking and editing!

This week, Part 2 of our Suez Crisis trilogy dives into the explosive events of 1956: Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, enraging Britain and France. Behind closed doors, the three powers—Israel, Britain, and France—draft a secret plan to launch a war on Egypt. From daring Israeli paratrooper raids in the Sinai to the storming of Sharm el-Sheikh, this episode unpacks the bold, complex, and controversial campaign that reshaped the region. Featuring secret diplomacy, battlefield drama, and the high-stakes politics of empire, "Combustion" is a story you won't forget. Click ⁠here⁠ for all the sources used in this episode. Please get in touch at noam@unpacked.media. Check us out on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube.⁠⁠⁠ This podcast was brought to you by Unpacked, a division of OpenDor Media. ------------------- For other podcasts from Unpacked, check out: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Jewish History Nerds⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Soulful Jewish Living⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Stars of David with Elon Gold ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Wondering Jews⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

durée : 00:02:27 - Grand départ du Tour de France féminin de Vannes : la joie de la Bretonne de la FDJ-Suez, Marie Le Net Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Te invitamos a pensarnos de una manera diferente echando un rápido vistazo a la rica y muy diversa Historia Africana. Hoy en día el llamado “sur global” se contrapone al norte por experiencias históricas similares que probablemente sólo América Latina, África y el Sudeste Asiático comparten. Nuestros pueblos pueden comprenderse más a sí mismos al escuchar las historias de los demás, conociendo otras luchas por conquistar la libertad. En esta entrega te ofrecemos un análisis sobre cómo funcionó el sistema global de la colonia, la importancia de las narrativas y el dominio mental, y el poder de establecer límites políticos en un mapa. Recopilando acontecimientos estelares del siglo XIX y el siglo XX, recordamos experiencias africanas de descolonización, como la de Etiopía y Mussolini, la Francia de Vichy durante la ocupación nazi, Kenia y los Mao Mao, el panarabismo y la nacionalización del canal del Suez, la revolución de los claveles en Portugal, y el caso sudafricano liderado por Mandela. Todo esto con la esperanza de que, al revisitar el pasado africano, construyamos un mejor futuro. Notas del episodio  Este episodio fue traído a ustedes gracias a Boston Scientific Si quieres conocer más detalles sobre las historias aquí contadas, te recomendamos consultar el libro de Diana Uribe “África, nuestra tercera raíz”, una investigación profunda sobre la configuración del continente africano y su diáspora en Colombia. Si estás interesado en comprender más a fondo cómo funciona la distinción entre civilización y barbarie, visita el libro “Orientalismo” de Edward W. Said, un clásico histórico que se ocupa de analizar la configuración de la mirada hegemónica occidental sobre otros pueblos.  Si lo que buscas es analizar cómo el poder de los imperios europeos continuaron influenciando las realidades africanas después de sus procesos de descolonización, te sugerimos revisar el texto conceptual del historiador camerunés Achille Mbembe, “Necropolítica”. Si quieres indagar sobre cómo las naciones africanas se han ocupado durante las últimas décadas en descolonizar sus culturas, te invitamos a escuchar la charla “El peligro de una sola historia” ofrecida por la literata nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie. Si quieres leer una buena novela de ficción africana que de cuenta de las realidades de sus pueblos, te recomendamos “Todo se desmorona” de Chinua Achebe. Gracias de nuevo a nuestra comunidad de Patreons por apoyar la producción de este episodio. Si quieres unirte, visita www.dianauribe.fm/comunidad   Sigue mis proyectos en otros lugares:  YouTube ➔ youtube.com/@DianaUribefm  Instagram ➔ instagram.com/dianauribe.fm Facebook ➔ facebook.com/dianauribe.fm Sitio web ➔ dianauribe.fm Twitter ➔ x.com/DianaUribefm  LinkedIn ➔ www.linkedin.com/in/diana-uribe   

Le canal de Suez est l'une des voies maritimes les plus essentielles au monde. Situé en Égypte, ce passage stratégique ne se limite pas à un simple axe commercial ; il symbolise aussi des luttes de pouvoir, de souveraineté et des tensions géopolitiques qui ont marqué le XXe siècle. Le 26 juillet 1956, la décision du président égyptien Gamal Abdel Nasser de nationaliser le canal a engendré une crise internationale majeure.

Le canal de Suez est l'une des voies maritimes les plus essentielles au monde. Situé en Égypte, ce passage stratégique ne se limite pas à un simple axe commercial ; il symbolise aussi des luttes de pouvoir, de souveraineté et des tensions géopolitiques qui ont marqué le XXe siècle. Le 26 juillet 1956, la décision du président égyptien Gamal Abdel Nasser de nationaliser le canal a engendré une crise internationale majeure.

Trong lĩnh vực an ninh quốc phòng của châu Âu, ngày 10/07/2025, đã có một diễn biến quan trọng. Tổng thống Pháp Emmanuel Macron, trong chuyến công du Anh, đã cùng thủ tướng Keir Starmer thông qua một thỏa thuận về việc tiến tới thiết lập cơ chế hợp tác về hệ thống vũ khí hạt nhân răn đe, trong bối cảnh đe dọa từ Nga gia tăng. Việc phối hợp vũ khí hạt nhân răn đe không chỉ nhằm để hai nước tự vệ trước Nga, mà đặc biệt hướng tới nâng cao năng lực tự vệ của châu Âu trong bối cảnh Mỹ có nguy cơ rút một phần đáng kể các cam kết bảo vệ châu Âu. Tuyên bố của hai lãnh đạo Pháp, Anh có mang lại một thay đổi chiến lược đối với kiến trúc an ninh châu Âu hay không ? Đọc thêm : Đài truyền hình Rossiya 1 - Tên lửa hạt nhân Nga có thể tấn công Berlin, Luân Đôn, Paris trong vòng 200 giây Đe dọa Nga và thay đổi lớn trong « học thuyết vũ khí hạt nhân » của Pháp và Anh Về phối hợp vũ khí hạt nhân răn đe Pháp – Anh, tổng thống Emmanuel Macron tuyên bố: « Về vũ khí hạt nhân, chúng tôi đã đưa ra ba quyết định quan trọng. Vấn đề trước hết liên quan đến học thuyết của hai nước chúng ta. Chúng tôi thừa nhận hai nước Pháp và Anh chúng ta không thể tưởng tượng ra một tình huống đe dọa cực kỳ nguy hiểm nào đối với châu Âu nào mà không khiến chúng tôi phải phản ứng nhanh chóng, bất kể bản chất của phản ứng đó là gì. Quyết định thứ hai là chúng tôi không loại trừ việc phối hợp các lực lượng răn đe hạt nhân của nhau. Đây là một thông điệp mà các đối tác và đối thủ của chúng ta cần lắng nghe. Thứ ba là tăng cường hơn nữa hợp tác của chúng ta trong lĩnh vực răn đe hạt nhân, về mặt chính sách, về mặt lực lượng hay về mặt hoạt động. » Đọc thêm: Anh - Pháp công bố chiến lược răn đe hạt nhân chung nhằm đối phó với Nga Tuyên bố chung của hai lãnh đạo Anh, Pháp nêu rõ « đây là lần đầu tiên các lực lượng răn đe hạt nhân độc lập của hai nước có thể được phối hợp với nhau ». Theo tổng thống Pháp, đây là một quyết định « chưa có tiền lệ ». Đài Pháp France Info dẫn lại đô đốc Jean-Louis Lozier, cố vấn của Trung tâm Nghiên cứu An ninh thuộc Viện Quan hệ Quốc tế Pháp (Ifri), xem đây là « bước tiến lớn » trong học thuyết hạt nhân, « đặc biệt về phía Pháp ». Vị cố vấn của Ifri nhấn mạnh « trước tuyên bố này, chúng ta chưa bao giờ cân nhắc đến việc phối hợp lực lượng răn đe hạt nhân với các đồng minh, mặc dù chúng tôi có cùng chung lợi ích ». Paris và Luân Đôn từng ký một tuyên bố chung năm 1995, nêu rõ, « không có tình huống nào mà lợi ích sống còn của một bên bị đe dọa mà lợi ích sống còn của bên kia không bị đe dọa », nhưng văn bản này không đề cập đến khả năng răn đe hạt nhân. Chuyên gia Jean-Louis Lozier tin tưởng chủ trương phối hợp răn đe hạt nhân « có thể cho phép hai cường quốc hạt nhân châu Âu đáp trả trong trường hợp Hoa Kỳ phản ứng hơi chậm » trước một cuộc tấn công nhằm vào các đồng minh châu Âu. Chính quyền Trump, một đối tượng chính của thông điệp hợp tác Pháp-Anh Trong một cuộc tọa đàm của France Info về chủ đề này, được tổ chức sau tuyên bố của hai lãnh đạo Anh, Pháp, nhà phân tích địa chiến lược Michel Fayard nhận định: « Ở đây cũng có một thông điệp được gửi đi, vượt ra ngoài lãnh đạo Nga Vladimir Putin, mà đặc biệt là tới Donald Trump bởi, vì tình thế mà chúng ta đang sống hiện nay thực sự rất giống với thời điểm khủng hoảng kênh đào Suez năm 1956. Khi Pháp và Anh, những đồng minh của Israel vào thời điểm đó, đã có phần bị người Mỹ phản bội. Hiện nay, nước Mỹ cũng muốn rút lui, ít nhất là một phần, khỏi các cam kết của họ với châu Âu. Họ vẫn còn ở trong NATO, nhưng muốn các đối tác của mình phải trả nhiều tiền hơn. Họ cũng muốn bán vũ khí của mình và không viện trợ vũ khí cho nước này hay nước khác. Vì vậy, hiện nay, điều rất quan trọng đối với Pháp và Anh là xác lập một Thỏa thuận Liên kết mới (Entente Cordiale), thực sự củng cố sức mạnh của hai nước, không chỉ của Pháp và Anh, mà còn của toàn bộ châu Âu. Điều rất quan trọng là cả hai đều phải làm như vậy, vì họ là hai quốc gia duy nhất ở châu Âu có vũ khí hạt nhân hiện nay. Ngay cả khi Đức muốn luân chuyển vũ khí hạt nhân ở châu Âu, điều này là không thể chấp nhận được đối với Pháp, cũng như với Anh. » Pháp và Anh sẽ phối hợp ra sao trong chiến lược răn đe hạt nhân ? Theo thỏa thuận giữa lãnh đạo hai nước, « một nhóm giám sát hạt nhân » (groupe de supervision nucléaire) sẽ được Paris và Luân Đôn thành lập, và do phủ tổng thống Pháp và văn phòng chính phủ Anh đồng chủ trì, theo nhà nghiên cứu Héloïse Fayet, viện Ifri. Nhóm giám sát hạt nhân này sẽ chịu trách nhiệm « điều phối sự hợp tác ngày càng tăng trong các lĩnh vực chính sách, năng lực và hoạt động ». Theo chuyên gia Héloïse Fayet, việc phối hợp có thể liên quan đến việc tổ chức các cuộc tập trận. Về mặt nguyên tắc, việc phối hợp hệ thống hạt nhân sẽ giúp cho  sức mạnh răn đe của Pháp, với 290 đầu đạn và của Anh, với 225 đầu đạn, có trọng lượng hơn trước Nga. Hai kho vũ khí hạt nhân của Pháp và Anh cộng lại nhỏ hơn nhiều so với hệ thống vũ khí của Nga, với hơn 6.000 đầu đạn, nhưng « điều quan trọng là hệ thống răn đe phải đáng tin cậy trong mắt các đồng minh và đối thủ của chúng ta », bà Héloïse Fayet nhấn mạnh. Chặng mới trong hợp tác quân sự mật thiết, lâu đời Anh Pháp Quyết định có ý nghĩa lịch sử về việc phối hợp lực lượng răn đe hạt nhân Pháp, Anh, được đưa ra ngày 10/07/2025, trên thực tế nằm trong quan hệ hợp tác quân sự lâu đời giữa Paris và Luân Đôn, được xác lập từ đầu thế kỉ 20. Hợp tác về răn đe hạt nhân nói riêng và quốc phòng nói chung giữa Anh và Pháp có thể trở thành một trụ cột của an ninh châu Âu. Ông Emmanuel Dupuy, chủ tịch viện nghiên cứu Chiến lược và An ninh tại châu Âu (Institut Prospective et Sécurité en Europe - IPSE), nhận định : « Ý tưởng mở rộng hợp tác này không chỉ liên quan đến Pháp và Anh, hai nước chiếm đến 40% phương tiện và lực lượng có thể triển khai tại châu Âu. Điều này không có nghĩa là các nước khác kém hơn, nhưng rõ ràng có một quyết tâm chính trị đã được tái khẳng định trong hội nghị thượng đỉnh vừa qua tại Northwood, một căn cứ của NATO, ở Anh. Ý tưởng vốn đã được Jacques Chirac đưa ra tại thượng đỉnh năm 1998 tại Saint-Malo, thường được gọi là Thỏa thuận Liên kết Pháp – Anh lần thứ hai kể từ năm 1904, là năm mà Pháp và Anh xác lập « Entente Cordiale ». Vì vậy, chúng ta đang từng bước tiến tới ý tưởng rằng Anh và Pháp, gắn bó mật thiết, tạo ra thành phần cốt lõi của châu Âu về quốc phòng, không chỉ của Liên Hiệp Châu Âu, mà của châu Âu, vì Anh không nằm trong EU. Hiện tại còn rất nhiều điều không rõ ràng về những diễn biến tiếp theo ». Phối hợp, nhưng độc lập trong quyết định sử dụng… : Những giới hạn của hợp tác Theo giới chuyên gia, tuyên bố ngày 10/07 về phối hợp răn đe hạt nhân Pháp – Anh trước hết mang ý nghĩa chính trị là chủ yếu. Để việc hợp tác thực sự có thể diễn ra cần những điều chỉnh cụ thể về học thuyết hạt nhân của hai nước cũng như các chiến lược, phương tiện, cho phép phối hợp. Trong một cuộc trả lời phỏng vấn đài Pháp Cnews, tướng Jean-Paul Paloméros, cựu tư lệnh khối NATO, cựu tư lệnh Không quân Pháp, nhấn mạnh đến mối quan hệ phụ thuộc của Anh vào Mỹ về chiến lược hạt nhân, như một trở ngại lớn cho các hợp tác Anh – Pháp :   « Ở đây có một vấn đề lớn, đó là sự phụ thuộc của nước Anh vào nước Mỹ. Điều quan trọng cần biết là cho đến nay, Anh chỉ có một lực lượng hạt nhân, đó là bốn tàu ngầm được trang bị tên lửa đạn đạo chạy bằng năng lượng hạt nhân, nhưng trong trường hợp này, những tên lửa này là tên lửa Trident, tức của Mỹ. Vì vậy, chúng ta thấy sự phụ thuộc của Vương quốc Anh vào Mỹ bất chấp mọi thứ. Vương quốc Anh, và đây là một yếu tố quan trọng của hồ sơ, cũng vừa quyết định hành động như một nước châu Âu, nghĩa là nhận lấy một trách nhiệm liên quan đến khả năng răn đe hạt nhân của NATO. Tuy nhiên, cần phải nhấn mạnh rằng những máy bay F-35, mà Anh mua từ Hoa Kỳ, sẽ mang theo bom hạt nhân, bản thân chúng là của Mỹ, do đó việc sử dụng nằm trong phạm vi cho phép của Donald Trump. Vì vậy, chúng ta cảm thấy cùng lúc có sự tăng cường, có những giới hạn của nó. Đây là điều cần hiểu rõ ! » Cảnh giác trước lập trường "bắt cá hai tay" của Anh Về nguy cơ Anh phụ thuộc vào Mỹ cản trở các phối hợp với Pháp, thượng nghị sĩ Christian Cambon, đặc phái viên của chủ tịch Thượng Viện Pháp về quan hệ quốc tế, giải thích :   « Tôi nghĩ rằng sự phối hợp đang được đề cập ngược lại cũng có thể sẽ cho phép người Mỹ trở lại cuộc chơi, đáng buồn thay, khi Anh Quốc gần đây đã mua máy bay F-35 có thể mang tên lửa của Mỹ. Vì vậy, tôi muốn nhắc nhở các vị rằng có sự khác biệt lớn giữa hai lực lượng của chúng ta, giữa hai thành phần răn đe hạt nhân của Pháp và Anh. Về phía Pháp, chúng ta có toàn quyền quyết định, một quyền quyết định từ trên xuống, từ tổng thống. Ở Anh thì không phải như vậy. Người Mỹ vào một thời điểm nào đó có thể can thiệp. Vậy nên điều này sẽ gây ra vấn đề, vì lần này không phải là một ‘‘cuộc hôn nhân của hai người' mà là của ba người, đặt ra một vấn đề thực sự. Tướng de Gaulle trước đây đã từng cảm nhận được điều này. Đó là lý do tại sao ông đã rút Pháp khỏi Ủy ban Kế hoạch phòng thủ của khối NATO, ủy ban Kế hoạch hạt nhân của khối NATO. » Nước Anh cách đây không lâu đã đứng về phía Mỹ trong vụ tước đoạt hợp đồng tàu ngầm 50 tỉ đô la với Úc. « Chủ nghĩa thực dụng kiểu Anh », và sự phụ thuộc của Anh vào Mỹ cũng là điều mà nhà phân tích địa chiến lược Michel Fayard nhấn mạnh : « Trong mọi trường hợp, thách thức thực sự đối với Vương quốc Anh là thoát khỏi sự phụ thuộc vào Mỹ về hạt nhân. Có lẽ việc hợp tác với Pháp có thể giúp điều này trở thành hiện thực. Nhưng vấn đề nan giải ở đây là người Anh thường chơi trò hai mặt, nghĩa là cùng lúc chơi cả quân bài châu Âu và quân bài Mỹ. Họ gọi đó là ‘‘chủ nghĩa thực dụng''. Vâng, có thể nói đó là chủ nghĩa thực dụng kiểu Anh. » Hướng đến hệ thống răn đe hạt nhân riêng của châu Âu ? Trên thực tế, việc Pháp chính thức thiết lập với Anh chủ trương phối hợp các lực lượng răn đe hạt nhân nằm trong đường hướng chung của tổng thống Pháp Emmanuel Macron, được xác định đặc biệt rõ ràng kể từ khi Nga xâm lược Ukraina : Xây dựng một sự tự trị về quốc phòng của châu Âu trong lòng NATO. Sự phụ thuộc gần như hoàn toàn về mặt an ninh vào Mỹ đang đặt Liên Âu nói riêng và châu lục nói chung trước thử thách sống còn, vì các tham vọng của Nga không chỉ dừng ở Ukraina. Đọc thêm : Pháp sẵn sàng đưa « vũ khí hạt nhân » vào chính sách phòng thủ chung châu Âu Tháng 3 vừa qua, tổng thống Macron đã nhấn mạnh đến việc Paris sẵn sàng đặt châu Âu dưới sự bảo vệ của hệ thống răn đe hạt nhân của Pháp. Thủ tướng Đức sau đó cũng phát tín hiệu hưởng ứng. Trong giới chính trị và chuyên gia châu Âu, đã bắt đầu có nhiều thảo luận về ý tưởng xây dựng hệ thống răn đe hạt nhân của riêng châu Âu. Vũ khí hạt nhân châu Âu hay lực lượng quốc phòng chung của châu Âu đang là các vấn đề gây rất nhiều bất đồng sâu sắc trong nội bộ châu Âu. Chuyên gia về lịch sử chính trị thế giới đương đại Gilles Richard, giáo sư danh dự các trường đại học, Đại học Rennes 2 (Pháp), trả lời phỏng vấn The Conversation, nhấn mạnh là việc hướng đến xây dựng một nền quốc phòng chung của khối đặt ra khẩn cấp vấn đề xây dựng « một quyền lực chính trị chung », một thể chế kiểu liên bang, mà thiếu định chế này thì sẽ khó lòng mà có được một nền quốc phòng chung. Đe dọa từ Nga, nguy cơ bị Mỹ ngoảnh mặt, đang « đẩy châu Âu vào chân tường », theo sử gia Gilles Richard (bài về nền Quốc phòng châu Âu, hệ thống răn đe hạt nhân Pháp mở rộng : Phải chăng đây là một thời điểm de Gaulle mới / un nouveau moment gaullien, ngụ ý nhắc đến việc tổng thống de Gaulle trong thập niên 60 từng đề xuất đặt nước Đức dưới sự bảo trợ của hạt nhân Pháp). Châu Âu tăng cường răn đe hạt nhân và khả năng « đối thoại chiến lược » với Nga ? Châu Âu – khu vực lâu nay nằm dưới cái ô hạt nhân của Mỹ, một thời tưởng như được hưởng nền hòa bình vĩnh viễn - đứng trước đe dọa bị tấn công, kể từ chiến tranh Ukraina. Vũ khí hạt nhân, sau nửa thế kỷ bị quên lãng, đang bắt đầu được coi như một phương tiện tự vệ thiết yếu trước đại cường hạt nhân Nga. Nhìn chung, xét về viễn cảnh tăng cường năng lực tự trị quốc phòng của châu Âu, việc nước Pháp đạt được một thỏa thuận phối hợp răn đe hạt nhân với Anh vừa qua chỉ là bước đầu của việc xây dựng một kiến trúc an ninh châu Âu mới, trong đó vai trò của Mỹ có thể sẽ khác trước rất nhiều. Đọc thêm : Nửa thế kỷ ''Hiệp định Helsinki'' - Chiến tranh Ukraina xóa sổ "Kiến trúc an ninh châu Âu" Trong giai đoạn trước chiến tranh Ukraina, các nước châu Âu đã gần như không có tiếng nói nào trong các « đối thoại chiến lược » với Nga. Vũ khí hạt nhân răn đe Pháp – Anh có giúp dẫn đến một thế cân bằng chiến lược mới với Nga, giúp duy trì một nền hòa bình dựa trên thỏa hiệp ? Liệu Pháp, Anh cùng các quốc gia trụ cột khác của châu Âu có vượt qua được các thách thức để xác lập được một hệ thống an ninh tập thể mới ?

durée : 00:01:59 - Le 2' chrono, ici Poitou Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

À Marseille, dans le sud de la France, l'artiste Mariam Benbakkar, fondatrice de l'association Filles de blédards, propose régulièrement des visites qui mettent en lumière le passé colonial de la ville. Une histoire aujourd'hui encore méconnue, alors que l'Algérie fêtera le 5 juillet ses 63 ans d'indépendance.  De notre correspondante à Marseille, Le rendez-vous a été donné un matin, dans l'artère commerçante de Marseille, rue Saint-Ferréol. Une vingtaine de personnes se regroupent autour de l'artiste Mariam Benbakkar pour une « balade du centre-ville colonial ». Ce quartier aux imposants bâtiments a été construit à partir de 1848, quand après vingt années de guerre, l'Algérie a été divisée en trois départements français. « Toutes les ressources exploitées d'Algérie, mais aussi des autres colonies, arrivent par le port de Marseille. Le quartier devient une vitrine des armateurs », pose Mariam, d'une voix assurée. Elle fait circuler un livre de photos : Marseille, première ville à organiser une exposition coloniale en 1906, Marseille et son musée colonial, Marseille, « porte de l'Orient ». À lire aussiLa première guerre d'Algérie (1830-1852): une «évidence oubliée» Une histoire invisibilisée L'histoire coloniale se fait discrète dans la ville phocéenne. Ici, un petit vitrail avec un bateau, là, un fronton effacé. Point de plaques ou d'explications. La guide fait entrer le petit groupe dans le flamboyant magasin Uniqlo, au dôme aussi haut que celui de la préfecture. C'est l'ancienne Banque centrale de l'Algérie française. Les lettres C et A apposées sur le fer forgé, et une lourde porte blindée dans les cabines d'essayage, sont les vestiges des coffres-forts de l'empire. Cachée derrière des cintres, une plaque évoque le passé du bâtiment. « Il y avait avant un magnifique plafond peint, avec les villes colonisées, mais qui a été recouvert par la climatisation d'Uniqlo », raconte Mariam. « C'est du savoir qui a été complètement invisibilisé », remarque Anne, venue assister à la visite avec son bébé en poussette. Celle qui a grandi dans ces rues estime « mal connaître les histoires cachées derrière les bâtiments. » Pour Pauline, une autre jeune femme du groupe, c'est l'occasion de se questionner sur son passé colonial. « Je ne suis pas issue de l'immigration, mais je me sens concernée », estime-t-elle. Et pour Mariam, tout le monde a, de près ou de loin, une histoire personnelle avec les colonies françaises. Mariam Benbakkar n'est ni sociologue, ni historienne, rappelle-t-elle souvent. Mais si elle a choisi de parler de sa ville, c'est parce que « transmettre de manière orale, dans la rue, est pour moi le meilleur moyen de changer la mentalité des gens. » Elle travaille depuis plusieurs années autour des imaginaires post-coloniaux, avec son association Filles de blédards et son compte Instagram Marseille Coloniale. « Marseille est une ville nœud sur l'enjeu de la France et des migrations. C'est une culture extrêmement riche, mais pas représentée dans les institutions culturelles », explique l'artiste à la connaissance impressionnante, fascinée par l'espace public, l'architecture, le cadastre et la construction privée. À écouter aussiDevoir de mémoire: la France face aux crimes coloniaux au Cameroun Toujours d'actualité Elle cite des noms d'industriels et politiques aussi, tombés dans l'oubli : Jules Charles-Roux, riche armateur dont la petite fille se mariera avec le maire de Marseille Gaston Deferre, Édouard Marie Heckel, créateur du musée colonial ou encore Paulin Talabot, fondateur du chemin de fer Paris Lyon Marseille et lobbyiste pour la création du canal de Suez. « Il y a une bourgeoise industrieuse qui s'est faite des fortunes sur cet empire colonial. Jusqu'à aujourd'hui, la répartition des biens spoliés ne se fait pas bien », souligne-t-elle en parlant des enclaves privées dans les quartiers riches de la ville. Autre arrêt, sur la Canebière, l'actuel C&A, anciennement Grand hôtel du Louvre et de la Paix, présente quatre immenses statues représentant quatre continents : l'Europe et les Amériques, drapés d'une toge, portent une machine ailée en signe de progrès, et l'Asie et l'Afrique, seins nus, portent un éléphant et un chameau. « Ces images qui s'implantent au XIXe siècle, on en subit les conséquences aujourd'hui. C'est comme si l'espace urbain avait un inconscient, on finit par avoir ces images-là à l'intérieur de nous. » Pour Mariam Benbakkar, cette histoire pas si lointaine est plus que jamais d'actualité. « Il faudra des réparations des dégâts qu'a faits le capitalisme et l'impérialisme au XIXe siècle, qui a un impact jusqu'aujourd'hui, dans le système bancaire, économique, de propriété privée. Et pour ça, il faut savoir qu'on a été spolié de notre bien commun et réclamer nos droits fondamentaux : l'accès à la mer, à la nature, à des logements décents, à des rues pour tous et toutes. » À Marseille, si la mairie ne s'est pas encore saisie de ces questions, des artistes, auteurs et autrices travaillent à ancrer ces récits oraux dans la durée. Un guide du Marseille colonial, écrit par Alain Castan, a été publié en 2022, alors que l'Algérie fêtait ses soixante ans d'indépendance.

durée : 00:02:32 - La FDJ SUEZ sur le Giro Italia Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

1- ¿En qué siglo usaban los chinos anclas de piedra? 2- ¿Qué papel tiene cada número en la camiseta de los jugadores de futbol? 3- ¿Qué altura puede alcanzar el pingüino emperador? 4- ¿Por qué si los dientes son huesos los perdemos cuando envejecemos? 5- ¿Cómo se construyó el Canal de Suez? Qué ventajas trajo? 6- ¿Cuántos discos grabó el Charro Avitia? 7- ¿Es cierto que el quetzal está en peligro de extinción? "Oigamos la Respuesta", el programa con las preguntas que envían nuestros oyentes y las respuestas que se elaboran en el ICECU con un lenguaje claro y sencillo desde el año 1964.

Le canal de Suez traverse l'Égypte du nord au sud, cʹest lʹune des plus importantes voies navigables au monde et sa construction figure parmi les plus grands chantiers du 19e siècle. Johanne Dussez sʹentretient avec Robert Solé, journaliste, historien et auteur du livre "Suez, Histoire dʹun canal à la croisée des mondes" éditions Perrin.

Programa #657 - Plan de Inmersiones — PUNTO DE INMERSIÓN, comienza el veranito y es tiempo para toda clase de escapadas para bucear. Charlamos con Gustavo Baldassari, director de La Rana Buceo en Jávea, Alicante. — BUCEO RACIONAL, repasamos y comentaremos el último artículo publicado por José Coronel “Gualdrapa”, en su permanente análisis de las cuestiones que rodean la actividad del buceo. — BUCEO con CIENCIA, o lo que es lo mismo, el buceo con biólogos desde Posidonia Ecosports, en Alicante, una charla magistral impartida por la Dra. Mercedes Varela. — ENCUENTROS en la IIIª Fase, una nueva oportunidad para charlar, literalmente de ‘todo' lo concerniente al mundo del buceo, pasado, presente y futuro, con Ramón Verdaguer. — BUCEO TÉCNICO, más allá del límite. Nueva conexión con el instructor trainer de Rivemar, Sergi Pérez ‘Sergibuzo', listos para dejarnos sorprender por las aventuras ‘tekkies' de nuestro gran amigo, mientras nos atiende con las inigualables puestas de sol de la Azohía. Comenzamos una nueva sección dedicada a la Historia del buceo, Insondable, el relato por capítulos basado en el texto ‘unfathomable' de James Nestor para Epic Magazine. Con el repasito a los viejos programas ya emitidos y la agenda de propuestas para hacer llevadero tu tiempo en superficie, nos daremos, una noche más por buceados. La foto de la semana nos llegó por medio de la nota de prensa del Instituto Español de Oceanografía-CSIC, se trata de un siempre desafiante ejemplar de pez león ( Pterois miles ), especie originaria del océano Índico que está colonizando el Mediterráneo oriental a través de su paso por el canal de Suez y encontrado recientemente en la costa almeriense. Es cortesía de José Carlos Báez Barrionuevo. Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO, CSIC) ¿Listos para la inmersión? Repasito al equipo propio y del compañero, un Ok y hacemos un gran paso de gigante Sonaron en este programa: 00,00'09” — David Arkenston - Papillon - Sintonía 00,05'31” — Ghost Transmission - Sneaker Wave 00,29'53” — Peter Doherty - Stade Océan 00,54'00” — Alex North - 2001 A Space Odyssey Theme song 01,13'21” — Avalon Jazz Band - La Mer (Beyond the Sea) 01,15'09” — U.S. Girls - L-Over 01,37'23” — Carlos Ares & Deva - Galerna 02,11'07” — Hidrogenesse_ Imaginado es todo 02,14'59” — Volbeat - By a Monster's Hand 02,18'33” — Hay Peores - Bajo El Mar (Cover de Under The Sea de La Sirenita) Sintonía

  Jim recently attended a mini JFK conference in San Francisco with notables like Peter Dale Scott, Bill Simpich, etc.. Jim spoke about JFK and his policies regarding the Middle East at the well exclusive JFK mini conference. What is currently happening in the Middle East is very relevant. JFK assassination research continues to be VERY relevant. Jim feels Nasser has been the most influential Arab leader in the Middle East during the 20th century, perhaps ever. Nasser was not an Islamic fundamentalist, he was a Socialist. Nasser was not a monarchist he was a Pan-Arabist. Saudi Arabia did not like Nasser. Nasser believed all of the oil in the Middle East belonged to all of the Arabs. Nasser wanted funds from the oil bearing nations to create highways, schools, hospitals & development of the Middle East. Nasser felt that all of the countries in the middle east should be in a confederation, protecting their joint interests. Saudi Arabia was a monarchist country and Islamic state, inevitably the royalist families would come to blows with Nasser. For a short time Syria was united with Egypt, known as the United Arab Republic. There was a war of succession in 1963 in Yemen that Nasser got involved in. Followers of Nasser in Yemen faced off with the royalist family. Saudi Arabia backed the royalist family to weaken Nasser. Israel very much feared Nasser, believing he was the one Arab leader who could unify the Middle East against Israel. Israel tried twice to destabilize Nasser, in 1954 with the Lavon Affair & in 1956 with the Suez crisis. The Muslim Brotherhood, Islamic troops for Saudi Arabia tried to assassinate Nasser twice, once in 1954 and 1965. A perceptive Kennedy saw Nasser as opposition to the medieval Saudi Arabia and a balancing point to Israel. When questioned about he feelings regarding JFK, Sirhan expressed deep respect, as JFK was standing up for Palestine. Sirhan loved JFK. He admired that JFK was putting pressure on Israel to let the Palestinian people to return to their homes. JFK promised Arab leaders he would do his best to make Israel comply with the 1948 United Nations resolution. All of JFK's efforts for peace in the Middle East ended with his assassination. The 1948 UN resolution has been ignored. How did JFK's influence in the Middle East effect the Arab people? What were JFK's goals? JFK and Nasser started a long letter writing campaign to each other that lasted until JFK was murdered. Gamal Abdel Nasser, 2nd President of Egypt, died unexpectedly Sept 28, 1970 at only 52 years of age. Kennedy had felt that John Foster Dulles had made a big mistake turning on Nasser and supporting Saudi Arabia. When Kennedy was murdered, Nasser couldn't sleep Nasser ordered JFK's funeral to be aired 3 times as he fell into a depression. Did Nasser understand that JFK's assassination was the beginning of the end? When Nasser died, 6 million people poured into Cairo to watch Nasser's funeral. Watch Video Here 46 people were killed and 80 injured in the stampede of people. RFK wanted the American Zionist Council to register as an Foreign lobby. Nicholas Kazenbach, after JFK's death & RFK resigned, ended enforcement against the AZC. Now look where we're at. Johnson gave the AZC tax break backdated back to 1956. This became the creation of AIPAC. The conflict in the Middle East and Israel was Atomic weapons. Atomic weapons is the cause of the current situation with Iran!  

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday's Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news its all about the US and the sharp weakening of the greenback. It is now at its lowest level since early 2022. And a key part of the reason is worries about the Trump attack on the Fed's independence.Meanwhile, US initial jobless claims have stayed elevated although they fell from the prior week to +227,000 which is marginally above the same week a year ago. There are now 1.87 mln people on these benefits, +124,000 more than the 1.75 mln a year ago.US Q1-2025 PCE inflation was revised higher overnight to 3.7% in updated data - and that is up from 2.4% on Q4-2025. Early impacts of tariff-taxes are starting to show through here. Real consumer spending was revised down to just +0.5% growth from the initial estimate of +1.2% and well below the Q4-2024 rise of +4.0%. These revisions don't paint a very good picture about how American consumers fared in early 2025. Final GDP 'growth' fell -0.5% in the quarter, the first decline in three years.But there was a good rise in durable goods orders in May, up +17.5% from the same month a year ago. But non-defense capital goods orders rose only +2.4% suggesting board rooms remain hesitant, and see the tariff-related order rush as nothing more than temporary.Certainly the Chicago Fed's National Activity Index doesn't point to any upturn. Nor does the latest regional Fed survey, this one from the Kansas City Fed.The May US trade balance wasn't great either, coming in with a worse deficit than expected at -US$93.7 bln with exports dipping and imports rising from April. From a year ago the result was little-different.Globally, policy imbalances cause distortions as you would expect, and in the short term at least, they can juice up trade activity despite their intentions.Elsewhere in Singapore, industrial production slipped in May to be 'only' +3.9% higher than year-ago levels. In April the gain was +5.6% so a clear easing, even if it wasn't as much as was anticipated.More generally, we will need to be careful talking about commodity prices when the US dollar is on a downslide. Almost everything is quoted in USD so rising prices now largely reflect that depreciation.Freight rates are falling after the relatively brief 'Iran crisis' hot war. And they too are quoted in USD so the falls will be magnified in other currencies. Container freight rates were down -9% last week from the week before to be -38% lower than year-ago levels - but a year-ago they were in their own Suez crisis stress. Bulk cargo rates are falling too.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.25%, and down -4 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$3,334/oz, and up +US$12 from yesterday.American oil prices are unchanged from yesterday at just on US$65.50/bbl while the international Brent price is still just on US$68/bbl. Meanwhile Shell confirmed it isn't currently bidding for the underperforming BP, and that it is required to wait six month under UK law to take another look.The Kiwi dollar is now just on 60.7 USc, up +40 bps from yesterday and that's an eight-month high. However, against the Aussie we are -20 bps softer at 92.5 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 51.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at 68.1 and +10 bps firmer than yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$107,338 and up +0.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just on +/-0.7%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

In the aftermath of the Second World War, as Britain's Empire faded away, British Prime Ministers had few choices than to take their lead from America. Following the disaster of the Suez invasion, Britain abandoned any pretence that it might have an independent foreign policy and operated as an arm of American power in the world until the present day. As we face the possibility of a war with Iran that almost 80 per cent of the population oppose but British Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has strongly indicated he might be willing to commit forces to, this podcast explores Britain's outsourcing of foreign policy to Washington. *****STOP PRESS*****I only ever talk about history on this podcast but I also have another life, yes, that of aspirant fantasy author and if that's your thing you can get a copy of my debut novel The Blood of Tharta, right here:Help the podcast to continue bringing you history each weekIf you enjoy the Explaining History podcast and its many years of content and would like to help the show continue, please consider supporting it in the following ways:If you want to go ad-free, you can take out a membership hereOrYou can support the podcast via Patreon hereOr you can just say some nice things about it here Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bluefield Senior Analyst Antonio del Olmo joins host Reese Tisdale to share insights from Bluefield's recent research across European countries, including Italy, the Netherlands, France, and Spain. This episode explores the evolving landscape of Europe's water sector—from climate shocks to regulatory shakeups—and what it all means for utilities, investors, and technology vendors. The conversation highlights what specific regions are focusing on, the biggest challenges they're facing, and how water sector stakeholders are responding. Bluefield's water experts unpack key trends, including: Why Europe's seemingly mature water sector is facing a wave of disruption—from climate shocks and regulatory pressure to investment churn and digital transformation How cracks are emerging in energy reliability, water loss, and the digital divide across countries The role of EU directives versus national implementation in shaping infrastructure strategy Where the biggest opportunities lie across digital water, reuse, resilience, and asset renewal How French giants like Veolia, Suez, and Saur are shifting strategies to lead in this evolving landscape Why PFAS regulations, sludge treatment requirements, and infrastructure M&A may be the next big catalysts If you enjoy listening to The Future of Water Podcast, please tell a friend or colleague, and if you haven't already, please click to follow this podcast wherever you listen. If you'd like to be informed of water market news, trends, perspectives and analysis from Bluefield Research, subscribe to Waterline, our weekly newsletter published each Wednesday. Related Research & Analysis: Italy Water & Wastewater Municipal Market: Trends, Drivers, and Forecasts The Netherlands Water & Wastewater Municipal Market: Trends, Drivers, and Forecasts Spain's Blackouts Strain Water Utilities

Return of the award-winning series about America's Central Intelligence Agency… told from the inside out by long-serving CIA agent Eloise Page (Kim Cattrall).In Series 2, the Cold War intensifies with: US involvement in South Vietnam; an attempted coup in Indonesia; the Hungarian uprising; the Suez crisis; the U2 spy plane; meddling in Africa; and a failed US-backed invasion of Cuba, which seals the fate of CIA's legendary head Allen Dulles (Ed Harris). A new kind of President, John F Kennedy, offers hope of a different kind of world… until his assassination in Dallas in 1963. Starring Kim Cattrall, Ed Harris, Johnny Flynn and Kelly Marie Tran.

durée : 00:05:21 - Récits d'enquête - par : Mattéo Caranta - Rachida Dati a toujours nié avoir eu des liens avec GDF Suez. Une enquête conjointe du Nouvel Obs et de Complément d'Enquête démontre le contraire. Un document atteste que la ministre de la Culture a perçu deux virements de 149 500 euros lorsqu'elle était eurodéputé. Pour quelle contrepartie ?

C'est un classement établi par Jeune Afrique. Un classement qui « met en lumière les pays qui ont pris une longueur d'avance sur le continent dans trois domaines clés : la gouvernance, l'innovation et l'influence. »Pas de surprise, c'est l'Afrique du Sud qui est en tête. « De fait, explique Jeune Afrique, l'Afrique du Sud jouit d'une aura singulière. Sa diplomatie n'a pas d'équivalent sur le continent et son appartenance aux Brics, ainsi qu'au G20 – institution qu'elle préside cette année –, lui confère une place de leader. (…) La nation Arc-en-ciel reste, de loin, la première puissance industrielle d'Afrique, parfois dans des secteurs à forte valeur ajoutée comme l'automobile ou la chimie. Son économie est aussi portée par la richesse de son sous-sol (or, platine, charbon, etc.). Elle possède des infrastructures de classe mondiale, ce qui en fait une destination privilégiée par les investisseurs. (…) Le seul domaine dans lequel l'Afrique du Sud fait un peu moins bien qu'une dizaine d'autres pays du continent est la gouvernance. »Égypte et Maroc sur le podiumLa suite du classement des 20 pays les plus performants du continent, toujours selon Jeune Afrique : « l'Égypte et le Maroc viennent compléter le podium. (…) Les deux États d'Afrique du Nord se tiennent dans un mouchoir de poche. La croissance de l'économie égyptienne est portée par le secteur du bâtiment, tandis que le canal de Suez reste une source de revenus et d'influence non négligeable. »Quant au Maroc, « il est devenu un hub commercial, logistique et financier, notamment avec le port de Tanger Med, l'un des plus grands d'Afrique et de la Méditerranée. (…) La suite du classement, de la 4e à la 9e place, est d'abord occupée par le Botswana et le Kenya, puis, un peu plus loin, avec des résultats très serrés, par Maurice, l'Éthiopie, la Tanzanie et le Nigeria. Enfin, un trio francophone occupe les places suivantes : 10ᵉ, la Côte d'Ivoire ; 12ᵉ, la Tunisie ; 13e, le Sénégal. »La Côte d'Ivoire : laboratoire de la nouvelle doctrine économique américaine…La Côte d'Ivoire est donc le pays francophone d'Afrique de l'Ouest le mieux placé dans ce classement. Et ça n'est sans doute pas un hasard si les États-Unis ont annoncé récemment des investissements records dans ce pays. Le Monde Afrique précise : « des investissements essentiellement dans l'industrie pétrolière et minière, pour un total de presque 7 milliards de dollars. Les plus importants portent sur la construction d'une nouvelle raffinerie et l'exploitation de deux blocs pétroliers off-shore. Des projets dans la droite ligne du “drill, baby, drill“ (“creuse, bébé, creuse“) prôné par Donald Trump et qui contentent la Côte d'Ivoire. Abidjan souhaite (en effet) diversifier son économie, qui repose historiquement sur l'agriculture, en développant ses industries extractives et minières. »En fait, résume Le Monde Afrique, « en Côte d'Ivoire, les États-Unis de Trump mettent en œuvre leur nouvelle doctrine : “le commerce, pas l'aide“. » Avec un « discours de promotion économique débarrassé de toute pression diplomatique et qui est accueilli chaleureusement par les autorités ivoiriennes. “La nouvelle politique américaine en Côte d'Ivoire, qui ne s'occupe plus de défendre les droits des LGBT, qui ne pose plus de questions de politique intérieure, et qui a coupé les aides au financement des élections, trouve un certain écho auprès des dirigeants“, analyse un diplomate en poste à Abidjan. Et, estime Le Monde Afrique, pourrait même séduire une partie de la jeunesse dans une Afrique francophone où la souveraineté est brandie comme le nouvel étendard. »Un nouveau patron pour la Banque africaine de développementEnfin économie toujours avec cette question posée par Le Point Afrique : « qui pour succéder au nigérian Akinwumi Adesina ? » Le patron de la BAD, la Banque africaine de développement, arrive au terme de son second mandat. On connaitra demain le nom de son successeur. « Cinq candidats s'affrontent pour diriger la plus puissante banque de développement en Afrique, dans un contexte marqué par le désengagement financier de certains partenaires occidentaux […]. »Résultat, relève Le Point Afrique, « tous les candidats s'accordent sur un objectif : mobiliser davantage de capitaux en provenance du privé. Mais le prétendant consacré devra certainement orienter son regard plus à l'est. Début mai, l'administration Trump annonçait retirer sa contribution de 555 millions de dollars au Fonds africain de développement de la BAD. Ce coup dur porté au guichet concessionnel de l'institution ne fait que confirmer la quête de nouveaux financements que devra entreprendre la nouvelle présidence. »

Storia della decolonizzazione, il processo che ha portato gli stati colonizzati dell'Asia e dell'Africa a ottenere l'indipendenza dalle potenze europee.

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/world-affairs

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/australian-and-new-zealand-studies

How did Britain cease to be global? In Untied Kingdom: A Global History of the End of Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2023), Professor Stuart Ward tells the panoramic history of the end of Britain, tracing the ways in which Britishness has been imagined, experienced, disputed and ultimately discarded across the globe since the end of the Second World War. From Indian independence, West Indian immigration and African decolonization to the Suez. Crisis and the Falklands War, he uncovers the demise of Britishness as a global civic idea and its impact on communities across the globe. He also shows the consequences of this diminished 'global reach' in Britain itself, from the Troubles in Northern Ireland to resurgent Englishness and the startling success of separatist political agendas in Scotland and Wales. Untied Kingdom puts the contemporary travails of the Union for the first time in their full global perspective as part of the much larger story of the progressive rollback of Britain's imaginative frontiers. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

Ce n'est pas un ingénieur mais un diplomate qui, en la personne de Ferdinand de Lesseps, ouvre vers l'Orient un chemin maritime attendu depuis des millénaires : le canal de Suez. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

VOV1 - Cơ quan Quản lý Kênh đào Suez (SCA) hôm qua (13/5) đã công bố mức giảm 15% phí vận chuyển đối với tàu container có trọng tải từ 130.000 tấn trở lên, trong vòng 90 ngày, bắt đầu từ 15/5.

Matt Boczkowski Matt Boczkowski has a diverse work experience in various industries and roles. Matt is currently the CEO of Aquaporin A/S, a company focused on water filtration through biotechnology. Before that, he held multiple roles at SUEZ, including Vice President Industrial Strategy, Growth, Market Development, and Global Director of Marketing and Growth Initiatives. Matt…More

Ce lundi 28 avril, l'attaque de Donald Trump sur l'Égypte concernant la gratuité pour les navires américains empruntant la voie du Canal de Suez a été abordée par Caroline Loyer dans sa chronique, dans l'émission Good Morning Business, présentée par Laure Closier, sur BFM Business. Retrouvez l'émission du lundi au vendredi et réécoutez la en podcast.

HEADLINES :- Saudi Arabia's PIF has raised its target for assets under management by 2030 to $2.67 - trillion- Saudi Arabia and Qatar to pay back Syria's debt to the World Bank- Trump poised to offer Saudi Arabia over $100 billion arms package, reports Reuters- Trump Wants a 'Free' US Ride in the Suez Canal- All-time AED100-million record set at latest RTA number plate auction

VOV1 - Sáng nay, tại Phủ Chủ tịch, diễn ra lễ đón chính thức Thủ tướng Nhật Bản Ishiba Shigeru, Chủ tịch Đảng Dân chủ Tự do thăm chính thức Việt Nam. Sau lễ đón, hai nhà lãnh đạo đã tiến hành hội đàm.-  Chủ tịch nước Lương Cường thăm Khu di tích Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh và dâng hương tưởng nhớ Người tại Nhà 67.- Thủ tướng Phạm Minh Chính chủ trì lễ đón Thủ tướng Nhật Bản Ishiba Shigeru nhân chuyến thăm chính thức nước ta. Ngay sau lễ đón, 2 nhà lãnh đạo tiến hành hội đàm.- Ủy ban Thường vụ Quốc hội cho ý kiến đối với Dự án Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật Quốc tịch Việt Nam. Dự án luật sẽ trình Quốc hội tại Kỳ họp thứ 9 diễn ra đầu tháng 5 tới.- Nhiều địa phương thông qua chủ trương sắp xếp, hợp nhất đơn vị hành chính.- Chi tiêu quân sự toàn cầu ở mức 2.720 tỷ đôla Mỹ trong năm 2024, tăng 9,4% so với năm 2023 và là mức tăng mạnh nhất theo năm kể từ sau Chiến tranh Lạnh.- Dư luận Ai Cập phản ứng trước yêu cầu của Mỹ về kênh đào Suez. 

Hamas ready to release all hostages for five-year Gaza truce Kashmir simmers as Indian forces blow up several homes Russia announces complete 'liberation' of Kursk region Attacker still at large after deadly stabbing in French mosque Trump wants US ships to travel free in Panama, Suez canals

Macmillan overcame the terrible legacy of the Suez catastrophe and, running an economy focused on growth to fund increasing living standards, giving him the opportunity to annouce that people had never had it so good. That reflect both a genuine concern with eliminating poverty and as an effective electoral strategy, pulled off the trick by increasing the Conservative majority in its third consecutive general election win in 1959.Meanwhile, in the Labour Party, in opposition, the left-right split was causing serious dissension, with Nye Bevan leading the left and winning great support for his brilliance and his charisma, but a lot of criticism too for the damage done by views that were sometimes extremist. His group of troublemakers included the young and ambitious Harold Wilson. He, however, when he realised that aligning with the left wing was getting him nowhere, drifted rightwards, ending up by taking Bevan's seat on the Labour Shadow Cabinet instead of backing his resignation from it. He then supported the rightwinger Gaitskell's campaign to become Labour leader against Bevan. Macmillan found himself facing Gaitskell and Wilson in opposition to him as his continued dash for economic growth, alongside fear or inflation and pressure on the currency, led to his alternating between periods of economic relaxation and periods of retrenchment. Gaitskell and Wilson denounced ‘boom and bust' economics.Things were beginning to turn nasty for Macmillan. But we haven't seen how nasty yet.Illustration: Supermac as seen by Vicky Public Domain.Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

The canal was designed as a sea-level waterway stretching approximately 120 miles across the Isthmus of Suez, and its completion in 1869, ten years after work began, significantly reduced travel time between Europe and ...

The F4U Corsair comes into its own from the Pacific, to the Atlantic, Korea, Suez to the "Football War"! Images for F4U Corsair Links to other episodes mentionned: OS2U Kingfisher F6F Hellcat - Made to Order Polikarpov Po-2 P-40 Warhawk F9F Panther Devotion Movie Review Connect with me! I love comments! https://www.facebook.com/WorldofWB Twitter (X): @WorldofWarbird Tanner's Twitter (X): jet jockey Threads: world_of_warbirds_podcast Insta: world_of_warbirds_podcast bpearce29@gmail.com

The Corsair comes into its own from the Pacific, to the Atlantic, Korea, Suez to the "Football War". Images for F4U Corsair Links to other episodes mentionned: OS2U Kingfisher F6F Hellcat - Made to Order Polikarpov Po-2 P-40 Warhawk F9F Panther Devotion Movie Review Connect with me! I love comments! https://www.facebook.com/WorldofWB Twitter (X): @WorldofWarbird Tanner's Twitter (X): jet jockey Threads: world_of_warbirds_podcast Insta: world_of_warbirds_podcast bpearce29@gmail.com

Anthony Eden started his premiership well, chalking up a general election win and the lowest level of unemployment Britain has seen at any time since the Second World War. Little else went well, however. His Foreign Secretary, Harold Macmillan made a statement to the House of Commons exonerating Kim Philby from suspicion of being a Soviet spy. That was a statement he would live to regret.Far worse for Eden was what happened in Egypt. The nationalist Egyptian President Gamel Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal in 1956. Despite Eden's lack of enthusiasm for European integration and his far greater commitment to the Commonwealth, and to the so-called special relationship between the UK and the United States, he decided to respond without consulting the US and in concert with France, one of those European powers he was so unenthusiastic on getting close to. They in turn colluded with Israel to invade the Egyptian territory of Sinai, after which they would react with horror, call on both sides to cease firing, and when that didn't happen, send in troops themselves.Unfortunately, the world reacted with widespread anger at the actions of the Israeli-French-British coalition. The US, indeed, put huge pressure on Britain by threatening to sell British bonds, which would have massively damaged the British currency. They later blocked oil supplies to Britain.The result was that though the military action only got started on 29 October 1956, when Israel went into the Sinai, Britain called a ceasefire on 7 November. That angered the French, who have behaved with little confidence in the British or American military ever since. It also led to the ultimate defeat of the coalition, with the British government having to announce an unconditional withdrawal of its forces on 3 December 1956.Eden was made the scapegoat for the debacle. He resigned in January 1957, after less than two years in post. Many expected the succession to go to Rab Butler, who'd deputised for Eden while the latter was away recovering from a collapse in his health at the height of the crisis, but Harold Macmillan proved much too wily for him, outmanoeuvring him and taking the top position himself.We'll be getting to know Macmillan era next week.Illustration: Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the Suez Canal hit during the initial Anglo-French assault on Port Said, 5 November 1956. Public DomainMusic: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

On Episode 827 of WHAT THE TRUCK?!?, Dooner is talking about the shockwaves that have been reverberating throughout the trade community due to the trade war. The Maritime Professor Lauren Beagan drops in to talk about the massive collapse in container bookings that has happened over the past month. How soon will we feel the pain in volumes on the trucking side? Beagan also breaks down recent maritime policy regarding new port fees as well as the Panama and Suez canals. Port of Huntsville CEO Butch Roberts believes we're in for an inland port renaissance. We'll find out how the port works, whom it serves and why big investments in air and intermodal will be a boon for shippers. Plus, gambling bookkeeper busted; Kodiak goes SPAC; Indiana Jones and the Great Circle drops on PS5; and more. Indiana Jones and the Great Circle 00:55 Headlines: $4M gambling theft; Kodiak goes SPAC 03:31 The power of inland ports | Port of Huntsville 08:15 It's not a Bug, it's a feature 22:12 Navigating a trade war | Lauren Beagan 22:44 Port fees and maritime policy | Lauren Beagan 42:12 Catch new shows live at noon EDT Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays on FreightWaves LinkedIn, Facebook, X or YouTube, or on demand by looking up WHAT THE TRUCK?!? on your favorite podcast player and at 5 p.m. Eastern on SiriusXM's Road Dog Trucking Channel 146. Watch on YouTube Check out the WTT merch store Visit our sponsor Subscribe to the WTT newsletter Apple Podcasts Spotify More FreightWaves Podcasts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On Episode 827 of WHAT THE TRUCK?!?, Dooner is talking about the shockwaves that have been reverberating throughout the trade community due to the trade war. The Maritime Professor Lauren Beagan drops in to talk about the massive collapse in container bookings that has happened over the past month. How soon will we feel the pain in volumes on the trucking side? Beagan also breaks down recent maritime policy regarding new port fees as well as the Panama and Suez canals. Port of Huntsville CEO Butch Roberts believes we're in for an inland port renaissance. We'll find out how the port works, whom it serves and why big investments in air and intermodal will be a boon for shippers. Plus, gambling bookkeeper busted; Kodiak goes SPAC; Indiana Jones and the Great Circle drops on PS5; and more. Indiana Jones and the Great Circle 00:55 Headlines: $4M gambling theft; Kodiak goes SPAC 03:31 The power of inland ports | Port of Huntsville 08:15 It's not a Bug, it's a feature 22:12 Navigating a trade war | Lauren Beagan 22:44 Port fees and maritime policy | Lauren Beagan 42:12 Catch new shows live at noon EDT Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays on FreightWaves LinkedIn, Facebook, X or YouTube, or on demand by looking up WHAT THE TRUCK?!? on your favorite podcast player and at 5 p.m. Eastern on SiriusXM's Road Dog Trucking Channel 146. Watch on YouTube Check out the WTT merch store Visit our sponsor Subscribe to the WTT newsletter Apple Podcasts Spotify More FreightWaves Podcasts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Comment les entreprises de taille intermédiaire peuvent-elles réussir leur transformation numérique dans un monde toujours plus digitalisé ? Frédéric Charles, directeur Smart City chez Suez Digital Solutions et enseignant à l'ESSEC Business School, partage son expertise sur les défis et les leviers de cette mutation essentielle.Episode en partenariat avec Ready For IT 2025.À l'occasion du salon Ready for IT 2025, Frédéric Charles dresse un état des lieux sans complaisance : dette technique, systèmes d'information vieillissants, pression de l'hyperpersonnalisation, exigence croissante des clients… Pour autant, les ETI disposent d'atouts spécifiques : une culture collaborative, une agilité structurelle et une proximité managériale souvent plus marquée que dans les grands groupes.Frédéric Charles insiste sur l'importance d'une approche progressive : moderniser sans tout casser, miser sur les bons outils (CRM, supply chain), mais surtout investir dans la conduite du changement. Car la transformation numérique est avant tout une affaire humaine : impulser une vision, accompagner les équipes, et accepter ce qu'il appelle « le grand saut », à la fois économique, organisationnel et psychologique.-----------

Este lunes un artículo publicado por Jeffrey Goldberg, editor en jefe de The Atlantic, ha destapado una de las filtraciones relativas a la seguridad nacional más sorprendentes de la historia reciente de Estados Unidos. Goldberg revelaba que hace unos días fue añadido a un chat de grupo en la aplicación Signal donde altos cargos de la administración Trump, entre ellos el secretario de Defensa Pete Hegseth y al vicepresidente JD Vance, discutían planes detallados sobre el ataque a los hutíes en Yemen. Este evento, rápidamente bautizado como "Signalgate", ha desatado una tormenta de críticas y ha hecho que muchos se pregunten sobre las medidas de seguridad del nuevo Gobierno respecto a la información de alto secreto. En el grupo, titulado "Houthi PC Small Group", había un total de 18 participantes, entre ellos figuras clave del Gobierno como el asesor de Seguridad Nacional Michael Waltz que, al parecer, fue quien invitó a Goldberg por error, el secretario de Estado Marco Rubio y la directora de Inteligencia Nacional Tulsi Gabbard. Según Goldberg, el 15 de marzo, horas antes de que los bombardeos contra objetivos hutíes comenzaran, Hegseth compartió un mensaje con detalles operativos específicos: tipos de armas, objetivos y cronogramas. "Sabía que el ataque se iba a producir dos horas antes de que explotaran las primeras bombas", ha dicho Goldberg, que inicialmente dudó de la autenticidad del chat, pero confirmó que era cierto cuando se produjo el primer ataque en Saná, la capital de Yemen. La conversación reveló tensiones internas dentro del gabinete. Vance expresó dudas sobre la operación, argumentando que beneficiaría más a Europa que a Estados Unidos, ya que Europa es mucho más dependiente del comercio por el canal de Suez que Estados Unidos. Sugirió incluso que la operación se retrasase un mes para evaluar el impacto económico y alinearlo con el mensaje de Trump sobre la autosuficiencia europea. "No estoy seguro de que el presidente sepa cuán inconsistente es esto con su discurso sobre Europa", dijo Vance de forma textual. Hegseth, por su parte, defendió la urgencia advirtiendo que retrasarse podría permitir filtraciones o ceder la iniciativa a Israel. A pesar de las diferencias, el ataque se ejecutó con éxito, según el Consejo de Seguridad Nacional, que calificó a ese grupo como una "coordinación reflexiva”. La inclusión de Goldberg en el chat expuso una brecha de seguridad de la que no hay precedentes. Signal, aunque encriptada, no está aprobada para discusiones secretas del Gobierno, que normalmente requieren canales seguros como la Sala de Situación de la Casa Blanca. Expertos en inteligencia han calificado el incidente como "asombroso" y “peligroso”. Han señalado que la presencia de un periodista en una discusión de esta naturaleza constituye una violación grave de los protocolos de seguridad operativa. Las reacciones no se hicieron esperar. Trump minimizó el incidente afirmando que no sabía nada al respecto y atacando a The Atlantic como un medio "en quiebra". Hegseth negó haber compartido "planes de guerra", tildando a Goldberg de "deshonesto", mientras Waltz asumió la responsabilidad por el error técnico. Sin embargo, figuras como la senadora Tammy Duckworth y el exsecretario Pete Buttigieg han exigido dimisiones. Los demócratas piden una investigación en profundidad, mientras que para los republicanos se trata de un error menor. El "Signalgate" plantea de cualquier modo una serie de preguntas: ¿cómo pudo un error tan elemental comprometer información sensible? ¿Qué revela sobre la competencia del círculo cercano de Trump? El Gobierno se cerrado sobre sí mismo y todo lo que esperan es que el temporal amaine cuanto antes. En La ContraRéplica: 0:00 Introducción 4:17 Atrapados en Signal 29:50 El coste de obra nueva 37:08 El juicio a Rita Maestre 45:49 Aborto · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “Contra la Revolución Francesa”… https://amzn.to/4aF0LpZ · “Hispanos. Breve historia de los pueblos de habla hispana”… https://amzn.to/428js1G · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #signal #vance Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Sergey Radchenko's book, To Run the World: The Kremlin's Bid for Global Power, is a masterwork! In my mind, it's in pole position for best book of 2025. Sergey takes you into the mind of Soviet and Chinese leaders as they wrestle for global power and recognition, leaving you amused, inspired, and horrified by the small-mindedness of the people who had the power to start World War III. We get amazing vignettes like Liu Shaoqi making fun of the Americans for eating ice cream in trenches, Khrushchev pinning red stars on Eisenhower's grandkids, and Brezhnev and Andropov offering to dig up dirt on senators to help save Nixon from Watergate. Sergey earns your trust in this book, acknowledging what we can and can't know. He leaves you with a new lens to understand the Cold War and the new US-China rivalry — namely, the overwhelming preoccupation with global prestige by Cold War leaders. In this interview, we discuss… Why legitimacy matters in international politics, Stalin's colonial ambitions and Truman's strategy of containment, Sino-Soviet relations during the Stalin era and beyond, The history of nuclear blackmail, starting with the 1956 Suez crisis, Why Khrushchev couldn't save the Soviet economy. Co-hosting today is Jon Sine of the Cogitations substack. Outro music: Виталий Марков "Главное, ребята, сердцем не стареть" (YouTube Link) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sergey Radchenko's book, To Run the World: The Kremlin's Bid for Global Power, is a masterwork! In my mind, it's in pole position for best book of 2025. Sergey takes you into the mind of Soviet and Chinese leaders as they wrestle for global power and recognition, leaving you amused, inspired, and horrified by the small-mindedness of the people who had the power to start World War III. We get amazing vignettes like Liu Shaoqi making fun of the Americans for eating ice cream in trenches, Khrushchev pinning red stars on Eisenhower's grandkids, and Brezhnev and Andropov offering to dig up dirt on senators to help save Nixon from Watergate. Sergey earns your trust in this book, acknowledging what we can and can't know. He leaves you with a new lens to understand the Cold War and the new US-China rivalry — namely, the overwhelming preoccupation with global prestige by Cold War leaders. In this interview, we discuss… Why legitimacy matters in international politics, Stalin's colonial ambitions and Truman's strategy of containment, Sino-Soviet relations during the Stalin era and beyond, The history of nuclear blackmail, starting with the 1956 Suez crisis, Why Khrushchev couldn't save the Soviet economy. Co-hosting today is Jon Sine of the Cogitations substack. Outro music: Виталий Марков "Главное, ребята, сердцем не стареть" (YouTube Link) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

President Trump has been threatening to “take back” the Panama Canal since he regained power. In this episode, listen to testimony from officials serving on the Federal Maritime Commission who explain why the Panama Canal has become a focus of the administration and examine whether or not we need to be concerned about an impending war for control of the canal. Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via Support Congressional Dish via (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes Current Events around the Panama Canal March 5, 2025. the Associated Press. Sabrina Valle, Suzanne McGee, and Michael Martina. March 4, 2025. Reuters. Matt Murphy, Jake Horton and Erwan Rivault. February 14, 2025. BBC. May 1, 2024. World Weather Attribution. World Maritime News Staff. March 15, 2019. World Maritime News. July 29, 2018. Reuters. Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 U.S. Department of State. The Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative” Michele Ruta. March 29, 2018. World Bank Group. The Trump-Gaza Video February 26, 2025. Sky News. Laws Audio Sources Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation January 28, 2025 Witnesses: Louis E. Sola, Chairman, Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Daniel B. Maffei, Commissioner, FMC , Professor, Scalia Law School, George Mason University Joseph Kramek, President & CEO, World Shipping Council Clips 17:30 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Between the American construction of the Panama Canal, the French effort to build an isthmus canal, and America's triumphant completion of that canal, the major infrastructure projects across Panama cost more than 35,000 lives. For the final decade of work on the Panama Canal, the United States spent nearly $400 million, equivalent to more than $15 billion today. The Panama Canal proved a truly invaluable asset, sparing both cargo ships and warships the long journey around South America. When President Carter gave it away to Panama, Americans were puzzled, confused, and many outraged. With the passage of time, many have lost sight of the canal's importance, both to national security and to the US economy. 18:45 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): But the Panama Canal was not just given away. President Carter struck a bargain. He made a treaty. And President Trump is making a serious and substantive argument that that treaty is being violated right now. 19:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): President Trump has highlighted two key issues. Number one, the danger of China exploiting or blocking passage through the canal, and number two, the exorbitant costs for transit. 19:20 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Chinese companies are right now building a bridge across the canal at a slow pace, so as to take nearly a decade. And Chinese companies control container points ports at either end. The partially completed bridge gives China the ability to block the canal without warning, and the ports give China ready observation posts to time that action. This situation, I believe, poses acute risks to US national security. 19:50 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Meanwhile, the high fees for canal transit disproportionately affect Americans, because US cargo accounts for nearly three quarters of Canal transits. US Navy vessels pay additional fees that apply only to warships. Canal profits regularly exceed $3 billion. This money comes from both American taxpayers and consumers in the form of higher costs for goods. American tourists aboard cruises, particularly those in the Caribbean Sea, are essentially captive to any fees Panama chooses to levy for canal transits, and they have paid unfair prices for fuel bunkering at terminals in Panama as a result of government granted monopoly. Panama's government relies on these exploitative fees. Nearly 1/10 of its budget is paid for with canal profit. 21:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama has for years flagged dozens of vessels in the Iranian ghost fleet, which brought Iran tens of billions of dollars in oil profits to fund terror across the world. 21:40 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): And Chinese companies have won contracts, often without fair competition, as the infamous Belt and Road Initiative has come to Panama. China often engages in debt trap diplomacy to enable economic and political coercion. In Panama, it also seems to have exploited simple corruption. 32:40 Louis Sola: The Panama Canal is managed by the Panama Canal Authority, ACP, an independent agency of the Panamanian government. The ACP is a model of public infrastructure management, and its independence has been key to ensure a safe and reliable transit of vessels critical to the US and global commerce. 33:25 Louis Sola: In contrast, the broader maritime sector in Panama, including the nation's ports, water rights, and the world's largest ship registry, falls under the direct purview of the Panamanian government. 33:35 Louis Sola: Unfortunately, this sector has faced persistent challenges, including corruption scandals and foreign influence, particularly from Brazil and China. These issues create friction with the ACP, especially as it works to address long term challenges such as securing adequate water supplies for the canal. 33:55 Louis Sola: Although the ACP operates independently, under US law both the ACP and the government of Panama's maritime sector are considered one in the same. This means that any challenges in Panama's maritime sector, including corruption, lack of transparency, or foreign influence, can have a direct or indirect impact on the operations and long term stability of the canal. This legal perspective highlights the need for diligence in monitoring both the ACP's management and Panama government's policies affecting maritime operations. 34:30 Louis Sola: Since 2015, Chinese companies have increased their presence and influence throughout Panama. Panama became a member of the Belt and Road Initiative and ended its diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Chinese companies have been able to pursue billions of dollars in development contracts in Panama, many of which were projects directly on or adjacent to the Panama Canal. Many were no bid contracts. Labor laws were waived, and the Panamanian people are still waiting to see how they've been benefited. It is all more concerning that many of these companies are state-owned, and in some cases, even designated as linked to the People's Liberation Army. We must address the significant growing presence and influence of China throughout the Americas and in Panama, specifically. 35:20 Louis Sola: American companies should play a leading role in enhancing the canal's infrastructure. By supporting US firms, we reduce reliance on Chinese contractors and promote fair competition. 36:55 Daniel Maffei: Because the canal is essentially a waterway bridge over mountainous terrain above sea level, it does depend on large supplies of fresh water to maintain the full operations. Panama has among the world's largest annual rainfalls. Nonetheless, insufficient fresh water levels have occurred before in the canal's history, such as in the 1930s when the Madden Dam and Lake Alajuela were built to address water shortages. Since that time, the canal has undertaken several projects to accommodate larger, more modern ships. In the last couple of years, a trend of worsening droughts in the region, once again, has forced limits to the operations of the canal. Starting in June of 2023 the Panama Canal Authority employed draft restrictions and reduced the number of ships allowed to transit the canal per day. Now the Panama Canal limitations, in combination with the de facto closure of the Suez Canal to container traffic, has had serious consequences for ocean commerce, increasing rates, fees and transit times. 39:30 Daniel Maffei: Now, fortunately, Panama's 2024 rainy season has, for now, alleviated the most acute water supply issues at the canal, and normal transit volumes have been restored. That said, while the Panamanian government and Canal Authority have, with the advice of the US Army Corps of Engineers, developed credible plans to mitigate future water shortages, they also warned that it is likely that at least one more period of reduced transits will occur before these plans can be fully implemented. 41:55 Eugene Kontorovich: We shall see that under international law, each party to the treaty is entitled to determine for itself whether a violation has occurred. Now, in exchange for the United States ceding control of the canal which it built and maintained, Panama agreed to a special regime of neutrality. The essential features of this regime of neutrality is that the canal must be open to all nations for transit. That's Article Two. Equitable tolls and fees, Article Three. An exclusive Panamanian operation, Article Five. The prohibition of any foreign military presence, Article Five. Article Five provides that only Panama shall operate the canal. Testifying about the meaning of the treaty at the Senate ratification hearings, the Carter administration emphasized that this prohibits foreign operation of the canal, as well as the garrisoning of foreign troops. Now, Article Five appears to be primarily concerned about control by foreign sovereigns. If Panama signed a treaty with the People's Republic of China, whereby the latter would operate the canal on Panama's behalf, this would be a clear violation. But what if Panama contracted for port operations with a Chinese state firm, or even a private firm influenced or controlled in part by the Chinese government? The Suez Canal Company was itself, before being nationalized, a private firm in which the United Kingdom was only a controlling shareholder. Yet this was understood to represent British control over the canal. In other words, a company need not be owned by the government to be in part controlled by the government. So the real question is the degree of de jure or de facto control over a Foreign Sovereign company, and scenarios range from government companies in an authoritarian regime, completely controlled, to purely private firms in our open society like the United States, but there's many possible situations in the middle. The treaty is silent on the question of how much control is too much, and as we'll see, this is one of the many questions committed to the judgment and discretion of each party. Now turning to foreign security forces, the presence of third country troops would manifestly violate Article Five. But this does not mean that anything short of a People's Liberation Army base flying a red flag is permissible. The presence of foreign security forces could violate the regime of neutrality, even if they're not represented in organized and open military formations. Modern warfare has seen belligerent powers seek to evade international legal limitations by disguising their actions in civilian garb, from Russia's notorious little green men to Hamas terrorists hiding in hospitals or disguised as journalists. Bad actors seek to exploit the fact that international treaties focus on sovereign actors. Many of China's man made islands in the South China Sea began as civilian projects before being suddenly militarized. Indeed, this issue was discussed in the Senate ratification hearings over the treaty. Dean Rusk said informal forces would be prohibited under the treaty. Thus the ostensible civilian character of the Chinese presence around the canal does not, in itself, mean that it could not represent a violation of the treaty if, for example, these companies and their employees involved Chinese covert agents or other agents of the Chinese security forces. So this leads us to the final question, Who determines whether neutrality is being threatened or compromised? Unlike many other treaties that provide for third party dispute resolution, the neutrality treaty has no such provision. Instead, the treaty makes clear that each party determines for itself the existence of a violation. Article Four provides that each party is separately authorized to maintain the regime of neutrality, making a separate obligation of each party. The Senate's understanding accompanying to ratification also made clear that Article Five allows each party to take, quote, "unilateral action." Senator Jacob Javits, at the markup hearing, said that while the word unilateral is abrasive, we can quote, "decide that the regime of neutrality is being threatened and then act with whatever means are necessary to keep the canal neutral unilaterally." 46:35 Joseph Kramek: My name is Joe Kramek. I'm President and CEO of the World Shipping Council. The World Shipping Council is the global voice of liner shipping. Our membership consists of 90% of the world's liner shipping tonnage, which are container vessels and vehicle carriers. They operate on fixed schedules to provide our customers with regular service to ship their goods in ports throughout the world. 47:15 Joseph Kramek: As you have heard, using the Panama Canal to transit between the Atlantic and Pacific saves significant time and money. A typical voyage from Asia to the US or East Coast can be made in under 30 days using the canal, while the same journey can take up to 40 days if carriers must take alternate routes. From a commercial trade perspective, the big picture is this. One of the world's busiest trade lanes is the Trans Pacific. The Trans Pacific is cargo coming from and going to Asia via the United States. Focusing in a bit, cargo coming from Asia and bound for US Gulf and East Coast ports always transits the Panama Canal. Similarly, cargo being exported from US and East Coast ports, a large share of which are US Agricultural exports, like soybeans, corn, cotton, livestock and dairy also almost always transits the Panama Canal. The result is that 75% of Canal traffic originates in or is bound for the United States. 48:55 Joseph Kramek: We've talked about the drought in 2023 and the historic low water levels that it caused in Lake Gatún, which feeds the canal locks, a unique system that is a fresh water feed, as contrasted to an ocean to ocean system, which the French tried and failed, but which is actually active in the Suez Canal. These low water levels reduced transits from 36 transits a day to as low as 22 per day. Additionally, the low water levels required a reduction in maximum allowable draft levels, or the depth of the ship below the water line, which for our members reduced the amount of containers they could carry through the canal. This resulted in a 10% reduction in import volumes for US Gulf and East Coast ports, with the Port of Houston experiencing a 26.7% reduction. 51:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Are you aware of allegations from some vessel operators of disparate treatment such as sweetheart deals or favorable rebates by Panama for canal transits? Louis Sola: Thank you for the question, Mr. Chairman, we have become aware through some complaints by cruise lines that said that they were not getting a refund of their canal tolls. When we looked into this, we found a Panamanian Executive Order, Decree 73, that specifically says that if a cruise line would stop at a certain port, that they could be refunded 100% of the fees. And as far as I know, that's the only instant where that exists. 53:05 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): So Panama was the very first Latin American country to join China's Belt and Road Initiative, and right now, China is building a fourth bridge across the Panama Canal for car traffic and light rail. Chairman Sola, why should Chinese construction of a bridge near Panama City concern the United States? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, we all saw the tragedy that happened here in the Francis Scott Key Bridge incident and the devastation that had happened to Baltimore. We also saw recently what happened in the Suez Canal, where we had a ship get stuck in there. It's not only the construction of the bridge, but it's a removal of a bridge, as I understand it, called the Bridge of the Americas. It was built in 1961 and that would paralyze cargo traffic in and out of the canals. 53:55 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Panama also recently renewed the concessions for two container ports to a Chinese company, Hutchison Ports PPC. Of course, Chinese companies are controlled by the Communist Party. How does China use control of those ports for economic gain? Louis Sola: Mr. Chairman, I am a regulator, a competition regulator. And the Chinese ports that you're referring to, let me put them into scope. The one on the Pacific, the Port of Balboa, is roughly the same size as the Port of Houston. They do about 4 million containers a year. They have about 28 game tree cranes. The one on the Atlantic is the same as my hometown in Miami, they do about 1 million containers. So where Roger Gunther in the Port of Houston generates about $1 billion a year and Heidi Webb in Miami does about $200 million, the Panama ports company paid 0 for 20 years on that concession. So it's really hard to compete against zero. So I think that's our concern, our economic concern, that we would have. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Commissioner Maffei, anything to add on that? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, I do too also think it is important. I would point out that you don't have to stop at either port. It's not like these two ports control the entrance to the canal. That is the Canal Authority that does control that. However, I think it's of concern. I would also point out that the Panamanian government thinks it's of concern too, because they're conducting their own audit of those particular deals, but we remain very interested as well. 56:25 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): Would the facts discussed here be considered violations of the neutrality treaty in force right now between the United States and Panama? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think Senator, I think potentially they could, but it's impossible to say definitively without knowing more, in particular, about the degree of Chinese control and involvement in these companies. I think it's important to note that these port operation companies that operate the ports on both sides, when they received their first contract, it was just a few months before Hong Kong was handed over to China. In other words, they received them as British companies, sort of very oddly, just a few months before the handover. Now, of course, since then, Hong Kong has been incorporated into China, has been placed under a special national security regime, and the independence of those companies has been greatly abridged, to say nothing of state owned companies involved elsewhere in in the canal area, which raised significantly greater questions. Additionally, I should point out that the understandings between President Carter and Panamanian leader Herrera, which were attached to the treaty and form part of the treaty, provide that the United States can, quote, "defend the canal against any threat to the regime of neutrality," and I understand that as providing some degree of preemptive authority to intervene. One need not wait until the canal is actually closed by some act of sabotage or aggression, which, as we heard from the testimony, would be devastating to the United States, but there is some incipient ability to address potential violations. 58:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): If the United States determines that Panama is in violation of the treaty, what is the range of remedies the United States would have for that treaty violation? Eugene Kontorovich: So I think it may be shocking to people to hear today, but when one goes over the ratification history and the debates and discussions in this body over this treaty, it was clear that the treaty was understood as giving both sides, separately, the right to resort to use armed force to enforce the provisions of the treaty. And it's not so surprising when one understands that the United States made an extraordinary concession to Panama by transferring this canal, which the United States built at great expense and maintained and operated to Panama, gratis. And in exchange, it received a kind of limitation, a permanent limitation on Panamanians sovereignty, that Panama agreed that the United States could enforce this regime of neutrality by force. Now, of course, armed force should never be the first recourse for any kind of international dispute and should not be arrived at sort of rationally or before negotiations and other kinds of good offices are exhausted, but it's quite clear that the treaty contemplates that as a remedy for violations. 1:03:20 Louis Sola: I believe that the security of the canal has always been understood to be provided by the United States. Panama does not have a military, and I always believed that there's been a close relationship with Southern Command that we would provide that. And it would be nice to see if we had a formalization of that in one way or another, because I don't believe that it's in the treaty at all. 1:05:05 Daniel Maffei: While we were down there, both of us heard, I think, several times, that the Panamanians would, the ones we talked to anyway, would welcome US companies coming in and doing a lot of this work. Frankly, their bids are not competitive with the Chinese bids. Frankly, they're not that existent because US companies can make more money doing things other places, but even if they were existent, it is difficult to put competitive bids when the Chinese bids are so heavily subsidized by China. 1:06:10 Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX): What would China's incentive be to heavily subsidize those bids to undercut American companies and other companies? Daniel Maffei: Yeah, it's not a real short answer, but Senator, China's made no secret of its ambitious policies to gain influence of ports throughout the globe. It's invested in 129 ports in dozens of countries. It runs a majority of 17 ports, that does not include this Hong Kong company, right? So that's just directly Chinese-owned ports. So it has been a part of their Belt and Road strategy, whatever you want to call it, the Maritime Silk Road, for decades. So they believe that this influence, this investment in owning maritime ports is important to their economy. 1:07:05 Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): In 2021, Hutchison was awarded those two ports, Port Balboa and Port Cristobal, in a no-bid award process. Can you tell me, does the United States have any authority or recourse with the Panama Canal Authority under our current agreement with Panama to rebid those terminal concession contracts. And perhaps Mr. Kantorovich, that's more in your purview? Louis Sola: Senator, both of those ports were redone for 25 years, until 2047, I believe. And they have to pay $7 million is what the ongoing rate is for the Port of Houston- and the Port of Miami-sized concessions. Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE): And it can't be rebid until after that date? Louis Sola: Well, I believe that that's what the comptroller's office is auditing both of those ports and that contract. That was done under the previous Panamanian administration. A new administration came in, and they called for an audit of that contract immediately. 1:20:10 Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Are the companies now controlling both sides of the Panama Canal, the Chinese companies, subject to the PRC national security laws that mandate cooperation with the military, with state intelligence agencies. Does anyone know that? Eugene Kontorovich: They're subject all the time. They're subject to those laws all the time by virtue of being Hong Kong companies. And you know, they face, of course, consequences for not complying with the wishes of the Chinese government. One of the arguments -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Wouldn't that be a violation of the treaty? And isn't that a huge risk to us right now that the Chinese -- Eugene Kontorovich: That is a threat to the neutrality -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): If they invaded Taiwan, invaded the Philippines, they could go to these two companies saying, Hey, shut it down, make it hard, sink a ship in the canal. And wouldn't they be obligated to do that under Chinese law if they were ordered to by the PLA or the CCP? Eugene Kontorovich: I don't know if they'd be obligated, but certainly the People's Republic of China would have many tools of leverage and pressure on these companies. That's why the treaty specifically says that we can act not just to end actual obstructions to the canal. We don't have to wait until the canal is closed by hostile military action. Thatwould be a suicide pact, that would be catastrophic for us, but rather that we can respond at the inchoate, incipient level to threats, and then this is up to the president to determine whether this is significantly robust to constitute -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): So aren't we kind of walking up to the idea of a suicide pact, because we've got two big Chinese companies on both ends of the Panama Canal, who, if there's a war in INDOPACOM, Taiwan that involves us and China, these companies would be obligated to do the bidding of the Chinese Communist Party and PLA? I mean, are we kind of walking up to a very significant national security threat already? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, certainly, there's a threat. And I think what makes the action of the Chinese government so difficult to respond to, but important to respond to, is that they conceal this in sort of levels of gray without direct control. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Let me ask you on that topic, as my last question, Professor, let's assume that we find out. And again, it wouldn't be surprising. I think you can almost assume it that these two companies have Chinese spies or military officials within the ranks of the employees of the companies. Let's assume we found that out, somehow that becomes public. But I don't think it's a big assumption. It's probably true right now. So you have spies and military personnel within the ranks of these two companies that are controlling both ends of the Panama Canal for you, Professor, and Chairman Sola, wouldn't that be a blatant violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty, if that were true, which probably is true? Eugene Kontorovich: Yeah, I do think it would be a clear violation. As former Secretary of State, Dean Ross said at the ratification hearings, informal forces can violate Article Five as well as formal forces. Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): Is there any evidence of Chinese spies or other nefarious Chinese actors embedded in these companies? Louis Sola: Senator, we have no information of that. That's not under the purview of -- Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK): But you agree that would be a violation of Article Five of the neutrality treaty? Louis Sola: I do. 1:26:25 Daniel Maffei: Senator Sullivan was talking about Hutchison Ports. That's actually the same company that runs terminals on both ends of the canal. I am concerned about that. However, if we want to be concerned about that, all of us should lose a lot more sleep than we're losing because if there are spies there, then there might be spies at other Hutchinson ports, and there are other Hutchinson ports in almost every part of the world. They own the largest container port in the United Kingdom, Felix Dow, which is responsible for nearly half of Britain's container trade. They control major maritime terminals in Argentina, Australia, the Bahamas, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar, the Netherlands, South Korea and Tanzania. If owning and managing adjacent ports means that China somehow has operational control or strategic control over the Panama Canal, they also have it over the Suez, the Singapore Straits, the Mediterranean Sea and the English Channel. 1:35:45 Louis Sola: The fees that I think we are looking at, or have been looked at, the reason that we went there was because of the auctioning of the slots. And so what Panama did is they had a smaller percentage, maybe 20% allocation, and then they moved it up to 30% and 40% because it became a money maker for them. So as they were doing -- Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, let me interject here. The auctioning of the slots gives these the right to skip the queue? Louis Sola: Yes, ma'am. Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN): Okay, so just for the record there. Continue. Louis Sola: So the auctioning of the slots. Under maritime law, it's first come first serve, but Panama has always put a certain percentage aside, and they started to put more and more. So we got a lot of complaints. We got a lot of complaints from LNG carriers that paid $4 million to go through, and we got a lot of complaints from agriculture that didn't have the money to pay to go through, because their goods were gonna go down. So if you look at the financial statements -- I'm a nerd, I look at financial statements of everybody -- the canal increased the amount of revenue that they had from about $500 million to $1.8 billion in the last three years just because of those fees. So this is what is very concerning to us. 1:39:20 Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN): Do you know of any instances where the United States has been singled out or treated unfairly under the neutrality treaty in the operation of the canal? Daniel Maffei: I do not. I would add that one of the reasons why saying the US is disproportionately affected by raises in Canal fees and other kinds of fees at the canal is because the United States disproportionately utilizes the canal. 1:44:55 Louis Sola: We have a US port there, SSA, out of Washington State that I actually worked on the development of that many years ago, and helped develop that. That used to be a United States Navy submarine base, and we converted that. As far as the two ports that we have, they're completely different. One is a major infrastructure footprint, and also a container port that's moving 4 million containers a year. That's really phenomenal amount. That's more than Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and you've probably got to get Tampa and a little bit of Jacksonville in there to get that type of volume. And on the other side, we have a very small port, but it's a very strategic port on the Atlantic. So how are the operations done?I don't know how they don't make money. I mean, if you want to come right down to it, if they've been operating the port for 20 years, and they say that they haven't made any money, so they haven't been able to pay the government. That's what concerns me is I don't believe that we're on a level playing field with the American ports. 1:58:50 Eugene Kontorovich: I think the charges and fees are less of an issue because they don't discriminate across countries. We pay more because we use more, but it's not nationally discriminatory. 1:59:00 Eugene Kontorovich: The presence of Chinese companies, especially Chinese state companies, but not limited to them, do raise serious issues and concerns for the neutrality of the treaty. And I should point out, in relation to some of the earlier questioning, the canal, for purposes of the neutrality treaty, is not limited just to the actual locks of the canal and the transit of ships through the canal. According to Annex One, paragraph one of the treaty, it includes also the entrances of the canal and the territorial sea of Panama adjacent to it. So all of the activities we're talking about are within the neutrality regime, the geographic scope of the neutrality regime in the treaty. 2:00:30 Daniel Maffei: I actually have to admit, I'm a little confused as to why some of the senators asking these questions, Senator Blackburn, aren't more concerned about the biggest port in the United Kingdom being run by the Chinese. Petraeus in the port nearest Athens, one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean, is not just run by a Chinese-linked company, it's run directly by a Chinese-owned company, and I was there. So you're on to something, but if you're just focusing on Panama, that's only part. 2:01:45 Louis Sola: About a year ago, when we were having this drought issue, there was also a lot of focus on Iran and how they were funding Hamas and the Houthis because they were attacking the Red Sea. What the United States has found is that Iranian vessels are sometimes flagged by Panama in order to avoid sanctions, so that they could sell the fuel that they have, and then they can take that money and then they can use it as they wish. Panama, at the time, had a very complicated process to de-flag the vessels. There was an investigation, there was an appeals process. By the time that OFAC or Treasury would go ahead and identify one of those vessels, by the time that they were doing the appeals and stuff like this, they've already changed flags to somewhere else. So when we went to Panama, we met with the Panamanian president, and I must say that we were very impressed, because he was 30 minutes late, but he was breaking relations with Venezuela at the time because the election was the day before. We explained to him the situation. The very next day, we met with the maritime minister, with US embassy personnel and Panama actually adjusted their appeals process so to make it more expedient, so if the United States or OFAC would come and say that this Iranian vessel is avoiding sanctions, now we have a process in place to go ahead and do that, and 53 vessels were de-flagged because of that. 2:06:05 Sen. John Curtis (R-UT): Is there any reason that China can't watch or do whatever they want from this bridge to get the intel from these containers? And does that concern anybody? Louis Sola: Well, it definitely concerns Southern Command, because they've brought it up on numerous occasions that there could be some sort of surveillance or something like that on the bridges. 2:20:30 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): We segregate ourselves artificially in a way that they do not. We segregate ourselves. Let's talk about military. Let's talk about intelligence. Let's talk about economics. They don't. China doesn't work that way. It's a whole of government approach. They don't draw a delineation between an economics discussion and a military one. And their attack may not look like Pearl Harbor. It may look like an everyday ship that decides, you know, it pulls into the locks and blows itself up. And now the locks are non-functional for our usage, and we can't support an inter ocean fleet transfer, and our ability to defend it, as you referred to Chairman, is now inhibited by the fact that we no longer have the military infrastructure around the canal that we did just as recently as 1999. 2:21:10 Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): So from a commercial perspective, do the shipping companies have concerns over the security of the narrow waterways? We've the Strait to Malacca, we've got the Suez Canal, we've got Gibraltar, we've got Panama. Is that a concern that's thrown around in the boardrooms of the largest shipping corporations in the world? Joseph Kramek: Senator, I think it's something they think about every day. I mean, really, it's drawn into sharp relief with the Red Sea. It was what I call a pink flamingo. There's black swans that just come up and there's pink flamingos that you can see, but you don't act. But no one really thought a whole lot that one of the most important waterways in the world could be denied, and moreover, that it could be denied for such a sustained period. The good news is that -- Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT): And denied, I might add, by a disaffected non-state actor of Bedouins running around with rocket launchers, who also managed to beat us in a 20 year war in Afghanistan. My point to saying all this is we're just debating operational control of the canal, yet it seems very clear to all of us that a very simple act can debilitate the canal and eliminate our ability to use it in a matter of minutes with no warning, and we have no ability to intervene or stop that. To me, that means we do not have operational control of the canal. 2:30:40 Daniel Maffei: I will say that certainly we need to look at other kinds of ways to get US companies in positions where they can truly compete with the Chinese on some of these things. Blaming it all on Panama really misses the point. I've seen the same thing in Greece, where Greece didn't want to give the concession of its largest port to a Chinese company, but because of its financial difficulties, it was getting pressure from international organizations such the IMF, Europe and even maybe some of the United States to do so. So I just ask you to look at that. 2:31:20 Daniel Maffei: Panamanians are making far more on their canal than they ever have before. That's not necessarily a bad thing, as long as it's going to the right place. But where they're really making the money is on these auctions, and that is why it remains a concern of mine and I'm sure the chairman's. That is where we are looking at, potentially, using our authority under Section 19 of the Merchant Marine Act where we could, if we can show that it is a problem with the foreign trade of the US, it's interfering with foreign trade of the US, there are certain things that we can do. Senate Foreign Relations Committee January 15, 2024 Clips 4:01:40 Marco Rubio: The thing with Panama on the canal is not new. I visited there. It was 2016. I think I've consistently seen people express concern about it, and it's encapsulized here in quote after quote. Let me tell you the former US ambassador who served under President Obama said: "the Chinese see in Panama what we saw in Panama throughout the 20th century, a maritime and aviation logistics hub." The immediate past head of Southern Command, General Laura Richardson, said, "I was just in Panama about a month ago and flying along the Panama Canal and looking at the state owned enterprises from the People's Republic of China on each side of the Panama Canal. They look like civilian companies or state owned enterprises that could be used for dual use and could be quickly changed over to a military capability." We see questions that were asked by the ranking member in the house China Select Committee, where he asked a witness and they agreed that in a time of conflict, China could use its presence on both ends of the canal as a choke point against the United States in a conflict situation. So the concerns about Panama have been expressed by people on both sides of the aisle for at least the entire time that I've been in the United States Senate, and they've only accelerated further. And this is a very legitimate issue that we face there. I'm not prepared to answer this question because I haven't looked at the legal research behind it yet, but I'm compelled to suspect that an argument could be made that the terms under which that canal were turned over have been violated. Because while technically, sovereignty over the canal has not been turned over to a foreign power, in reality, a foreign power today possesses, through their companies, which we know are not independent, the ability to turn the canal into a choke point in a moment of conflict. And that is a direct threat to the national interest and security the United States, and is particularly galling given the fact that we paid for it and that 5,000 Americans died making it. That said, Panama is a great partner on a lot of other issues, and I hope we can resolve this issue of the canal and of its security, and also continue to work with them cooperatively on a host of issues we share in common, including what to do with migration. 4:38:35 Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT): Now, President Trump has recently talked a little bit about the fact that there are some questions arising about the status of the Panama Canal. When we look to the treaty at issue, the treaty concerning the permanent neutrality and operation of the Panama Canal, we're reminded that some things maybe aren't quite as they should be there right now. Given that the Chinese now control major ports at the entry and the exit to the canal, it seems appropriate to say that there's at least an open question. There's some doubt as to whether the canal remains neutral. Would you agree with that assessment? Marco Rubio: Yes. Here's the challenge. Number one, I want to be clear about something. The Panamanian government, particularly its current office holders, are very friendly to the United States and very cooperative, and we want that to continue, and I want to bifurcate that from the broader issue of the canal. Now I am not, President Trump is not inventing this. This is something that's existed now for at least a decade. In my service here, I took a trip to Panama in 2017. When on that trip to Panama in 2017 it was the central issue we discussed about the canal, and that is that Chinese companies control port facilities at both ends of the canal, the east and the west, and the concerns among military officials and security officials, including in Panama, at that point, that that could one day be used as a choke point to impede commerce in a moment of conflict. Going back to that I -- earlier before you got here, and I don't want to have to dig through this folder to find it again, but -- basically cited how the immediate past head of Southern Command, just retired general Richardson, said she flew over the canal, looked down and saw those Chinese port facilities, and said Those look like dual use facilities that in a moment of conflict, could be weaponized against us. The bipartisan China commission over in the House last year, had testimony and hearings on this issue, and members of both parties expressed concern. The former ambassador to Panama under President Obama has expressed those concerns. This is a legitimate issue that needs to be confronted. The second point is the one you touched upon, and that is, look, could an argument be made, and I'm not prepared to answer it yet, because it's something we're going to have to study very carefully. But I think I have an inkling of I know where this is going to head. Can an argument be made that the Chinese basically have effective control of the canal anytime they want? Because if they order a Chinese company that controls the ports to shut it down or impede our transit, they will have to do so. There are no independent Chinese companies. They all exist because they've been identified as national champions. They're supported by the Chinese government. And if you don't do what they want, they find a new CEO, and you end up being replaced and removed. So they're under the complete control of their government. This is a legitimate question, and one that Senators Risch had some insight as well. He mentioned that in passing that needs to be looked at. This is not a joke. The Panama Canal issue is a very serious one. 4:44:30 Marco Rubio: In 2016 and 2017 that was well understood that part of the investments they made in Panama were conditioned upon Panama's ability to convince the Dominican Republic and other countries to flip their recognition away from Taiwan. That happened. Jen Briney's Recent Guest Appearances Travis Makes Money: Give and Take: Music by Editing Production Assistance