Podcasts about IB

In this part of the show the IB team discusses former Duke quarterback Riley Leonard. We discuss why Notre Dame is pursuing him in the portal, the merits of doing this, the concerns with doing this and then what Leonard brings to the table, and what the pursuit of him means about the future of the Notre Dame offense. This episode is sponsored by/brought to you by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at https://www.betterhelp.com/Irish and get on your way to being your best self.” Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! ¡Hola familia! Nueva charla la que os traemos. Hablamos con Ibán Vega, el hombre detrás de http://www.joanseguidor.com/ Comentamos cómo ha cambiado la forma de informarse sobre el ciclismo y el periodismo que lo sigue. Aquí tenéis el podcast de Ibán: https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-podcast-el-cuaderno-joanseguidor_sq_f11118105_1.html Con Albert Rivera ❤️ Recordad, si os ha gustado, dadle al botón de Me Gusta y dejar un comentario. ▶️ Todos los podcasts especial #FansACDP en esta lista: https://bit.ly/ListaFansACDP 📍 Encuéntranos en... ➡️https://alacoladelpeloton.es/ ➡️https://www.twitch.tv/acdpeloton ➡️ https://www.youtube.es/ACDPeloton ➡️Grupo de Telegram: https://t.me/familiaACDP ➡️Twitter: @ACDPeloton ➡️Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/acdpeloton/ ➡️Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/alacoladelpeloton ➡️Strava: https://www.strava.com/clubs/ACDpeloton Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Amanda Armstrong is the senior vice president of communications and industry relations at Encore. Her career spans senior planning roles at Enterprise Rent-A-Car before joining Encore, with a wealth of operational and strategic experience. She also led Meeting Professionals International (MPI) as chair of the international board of directors. At Encore, she has been instrumental in driving initiatives around diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DE&IB). She also contributed to the company's recent certification as a Great Place to Work in seven regions. Central to Armstrong's role is advocating for a healthier work-life balance within the events industry. "If I could wave a magic wand, it would be to eliminate the stress of event planning while preserving the thrill of execution," she stated. She believes that although technology will continue to play a significant role in shaping events, the essence of in-person connections will prevail. Encore's commitment to nurturing talent is evident through its internal programs like Encore University. Another example is its WAVE (Women in Audio, Visual, and Events) program, which is aimed at creating more inclusive opportunities within the traditionally male-dominated AV field. Its focus on career pathing reflects a growing awareness of workforce retention challenges. It is keenly aware of the evolving expectations of professionals seeking a rewarding career journey. Armstrong stressed the importance of illustrating a clear career trajectory. Furthermore, she believes providing a fair, equitable, and fulfilling work environment is essential to attracting new talent. Reinforcing her belief in continuous learning, she encourages event professionals to become "ever learners," remaining open and adaptable to change. As Armstrong looks ahead, she envisions events that break the mold of traditional formats. To do this, she prioritizes personalized attendee experiences and embraces the unpredictability of human nature. Ultimately, she's driven to ensure every event fosters a sense of belonging, reflecting Encore's ethos for its clients and employees. Armstrong is committed to improving the industry's standards for event professionals and participants. Subscribe to ensure you don't miss an episode of the Skift Meetings Podcast. Skift Meetings is defining the future of business events. Visit our website for the latest news, reports, reviews, and events.

La obra del veterano investigador y estudioso Mariano Fernández Urresti, "Recuerda Sefarad", ha recibido el XI Premio de Divulgación Histórica Juan Antonio Cebrián. En este libro explica los orígenes, y la verdad y mito, de Sefarad, es que es el nombre con el que los judíos conocían la Península Ibérica. 

Notre Dame ended the regular season with a 56-23 victory over Stanford. After the game the IB team broke down what we saw from the Irish win and we handed out game balls. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

After breaking down the Irish victory over Stanford we answered questions from IB subscribers and listeners. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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Teen council dives into all things Hunger Games: Ballad of Songbirds & Snakes as we eagerly await the movie to come out.  We also discuss books with many narrators and how these can be somewhat confusing unless handled well.  There are many things we are thankful for this year, which we discuss as well. Don't miss our tips for students studying for AP and IB tests (Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate). Books and websites discussed: Winter Reading Poet X - Elizabeth Acevedo RevisionDojo IB (help with IB testing) Guest List - Lucy Foley A Game of Thrones - George Martin Shadow and Bone - Leigh Bardugo Kahn Academy  Dry - Neil Shusterman Long Way Down - Jason Reynolds Infernal Devices - Cassandra Clare Cat Farris presentation Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes - Suzanne Collins

Pedro Santa-Clara é professor e empreendedor. É professor catedrático de Finanças na Nova School of Business and Economics desde 2007, depois de ter passado pela Universidade da Califórnia, nos EUA. Em 2012 liderou a construção do novo campus da Nova SBE em Carcavelos. O ‘bichinho' dos projectos picou e, desde então, lançou as escolas 42 em Lisboa e no Porto, e o centro TUMO em Coimbra, o primeiro na Península Ibérica.  -> Apoie este podcast e faça parte da comunidade de mecenas do 45 Graus em: 45grauspodcast.com _______________ Índice: (4:07) Porque precisamos de um novo modelo de aprendizagem? | Jean Piaget | Como a tecnologia veio permitir escalar modelos. | Impactos na escola tradicional (pública) | Livro "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!", de Richard Feynman | Importância da colaboração | Aprender a aprender (metacompetência) | Que importância tem o background (socioecónomico e não só) no sucesso dos alunos? | ted talk kahn (33:02) Impacto nas universidades. (39:11) Como conseguiste levar em frente projectos deste tipo no nosso país? | Vamos desperdiçar o PRR?  (50:25) Um repto para Portugal mudar de curso. Livro recomendado: A Invenção da Natureza - As Aventuras de Alexander von Humboldt, de Andrea Wulf _______________ A educação é um tema que me interessa muito, como sabem -- e que já abordei várias vezes no 45 Graus, em alguns dos episódios mais marcantes (o episódio número 121, com José Pacheco, é um dos que mais me falam). E não é para menos. O ensino é uma área que está hoje em grande mudança, impulsionada por um certo descontentamento com a escola tradicional e também pela revolução tecnológica. Entre os muitos projectos que têm surgido globalmente, há dois particularmente inovadores e que já chegaram a Portugal: a escola 42 e o TUMO. E ambos têm um denominador comum no nosso país: Pedro Santa-Clara, professor e empreendedor e o convidado do episódio de hoje. O convidado é Professor Catedrático de Finanças na Nova School of Business and Economics desde 2007, depois de ter passado pela Universidade da Califórnia, nos EUA. Seria, por isso, apenas um académico normal, não fosse a sua carreira ter tido uma viragem radical em 2012, quando liderou a construção do novo campus da Nova SBE em Carcavelos e a campanha de financiamento que arrecadou 54 milhões de euros.  O ‘bichinho' dos projectos picou e, no início de 2019, o Pedro lançou a Shaken Not Stirred, uma empresa dedicada a projetos inovadores na área da educação. Em 2020, trouxe para Portugal a “42”, uma escola de programação muito peculiar, que surgiu em França em 2013 e já está hoje em mais de 25 países.  Mais recentemente, trouxe para Portugal outro modelo de aprendizagem inovador, o centro de tecnologias criativas “TUMO”, um projeto educativo gratuito e complementar ao ensino formal e visa capacitar os jovens para tirarem partido dos desafios e oportunidades da sociedade do futuro. Foi inaugurado há cerca de um mês, em Coimbra, o primeiro espaço TUMO da Península Ibérica.  Para além destes projectos, o Pedro é também fundador da Miles in the Sky, uma startup também focada em educação. Neste episódio, conversei com Pedro sobre a revolução em curso no ensino. Falámos sobre como a tecnologia está a revolucionar a aprendizagem -- permitindo dar escala a modelos inovadores de educação (como estes e não só) -- e discutimos as características-chave destes novos modelos, como a importância do trabalho colaborativo e a ênfase em “aprender a aprender”, em detrimento da memorização. Abordamos também o impacto dessas inovações no ensino tradicional e o que podemos esperar para o futuro das universidades. Mas não só sobre educação que é interessante ouvir o Pedro. Estes projectos e o do novo campus da Nova SBE têm em comum serem grandes iniciativas de cariz social bem-sucedidas em Portugal — algo que, infelizmente, ainda não é propriamente comum. Por isso, não podia deixá-lo passar pelo 45 Graus sem lhe perguntar o que foi diferente nestes casos. Por outras palavras: o que é preciso para levar em diante iniciativas deste tipo no nosso país? ______________ Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: Francisco Hermenegildo, Ricardo Evangelista, Henrique Pais João Baltazar, Salvador Cunha, Abilio Silva, Tiago Leite, Carlos Martins, Galaró family, Corto Lemos, Miguel Marques, Nuno Costa, Nuno e Ana, João Ribeiro, Helder Miranda, Pedro Lima Ferreira, Cesar Carpinteiro, Luis Fernambuco, Fernando Nunes, Manuel Canelas, Tiago Gonçalves, Carlos Pires, João Domingues, Hélio Bragança da Silva, Sandra Ferreira , Paulo Encarnação , BFDC, António Mexia Santos, Luís Guido, Bruno Heleno Tomás Costa, João Saro, Daniel Correia, Rita Mateus, António Padilha, Tiago Queiroz, Carmen Camacho, João Nelas, Francisco Fonseca, Rafael Santos, Andreia Esteves, Ana Teresa Mota, ARUNE BHURALAL, Mário Lourenço, RB, Maria Pimentel, Luis, Geoffrey Marcelino, Alberto Alcalde, António Rocha Pinto, Ruben de Bragança, João Vieira dos Santos, David Teixeira Alves, Armindo Martins , Carlos Nobre, Bernardo Vidal Pimentel, António Oliveira, Paulo Barros, Nuno Brites, Lígia Violas, Tiago Sequeira, Zé da Radio, João Morais, André Gamito, Diogo Costa, Pedro Ribeiro, Bernardo Cortez Vasco Sá Pinto, David , Tiago Pires, Mafalda Pratas, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, Luis Marques, João Raimundo, Francisco Arantes, Mariana Barosa, Nuno Gonçalves, Pedro Rebelo, Miguel Palhas, Ricardo Duarte, Duarte , Tomás Félix, Vasco Lima, Francisco Vasconcelos, Telmo , José Oliveira Pratas, Jose Pedroso, João Diogo Silva, Joao Diogo, José Proença, João Crispim, João Pinho , Afonso Martins, Robertt Valente, João Barbosa, Renato Mendes, Maria Francisca Couto, Antonio Albuquerque, Ana Sousa Amorim, Francisco Santos, Lara Luís, Manuel Martins, Macaco Quitado, Paulo Ferreira, Diogo Rombo, Francisco Manuel Reis, Bruno Lamas, Daniel Almeida, Patrícia Esquível , Diogo Silva, Luis Gomes, Cesar Correia, Cristiano Tavares, Pedro Gaspar, Gil Batista Marinho, Maria Oliveira, João Pereira, Rui Vilao, João Ferreira, Wedge, José Losa, Hélder Moreira, André Abrantes, Henrique Vieira, João Farinha, Manuel Botelho da Silva, João Diamantino, Ana Rita Laureano, Pedro L, Nuno Malvar, Joel, Rui Antunes7, Tomás Saraiva, Cloé Leal de Magalhães, Joao Barbosa, paulo matos, Fábio Monteiro, Tiago Stock, Beatriz Bagulho, Pedro Bravo, Antonio Loureiro, Hugo Ramos, Inês Inocêncio, Telmo Gomes, Sérgio Nunes, Tiago Pedroso, Teresa Pimentel, Rita Noronha, miguel farracho, José Fangueiro, Zé, Margarida Correia-Neves, Bruno Pinto Vitorino, João Lopes, Joana Pereirinha, Gonçalo Baptista, Dario Rodrigues, tati lima, Pedro On The Road, Catarina Fonseca, JC Pacheco, Sofia Ferreira, Inês Ribeiro, Miguel Jacinto, Tiago Agostinho, Margarida Costa Almeida, Helena Pinheiro, Rui Martins, Fábio Videira Santos, Tomás Lucena, João Freitas, Ricardo Sousa, RJ, Francisco Seabra Guimarães, Carlos Branco, David Palhota, Carlos Castro, Alexandre Alves, Cláudia Gomes Batista, Ana Leal, Ricardo Trindade, Luís Machado, Andrzej Stuart-Thompson, Diego Goulart, Filipa Portela, Paulo Rafael, Paloma Nunes, Marta Mendonca, Teresa Painho, Duarte Cameirão, Rodrigo Silva, José Alberto Gomes, Joao Gama, Cristina Loureiro, Tiago Gama, Tiago Rodrigues, Miguel Duarte, Ana Cantanhede, Artur Castro Freire, Rui Passos Rocha, Pedro Costa Antunes, Sofia Almeida, Ricardo Andrade Guimarães, Daniel Pais, Miguel Bastos, Luís Santos _______________ Esta conversa foi editada por: Hugo Oliveira  

A successful enough GW16 for the lads and both planning boosts for upcoming gameweeks, but which ones? Also Rutter in the gutter after the IB, what's the plan? #gaffr #gaffrtips #fantasyfootball #efl #eflchampionship ---------------------------------------------- Subscribe to the Man On Podcast - https://www.youtube.com/@UCVQ0yoPCR-ojHMOee2b8DMQ Follow us on Twitter: Man On Podcast - @ManOnFPL Darren - @ManOnPod_Dronuk Martyn - @ManOnPod_Martyn Craig - @ManOnPod_Craig ----------------------------------------------

Tras los rumores de la posible migración de la estrella española Rahm a LIV Golf, hablamos con Alejandro Rodríguez de TenGolf, medio Ibérico especializado en este deporte, que nos aclaró todas las dudas.Además aprovechamos para platicar de la actualidad de este deporte en la Madre Patria y del momento por el que pasa el Tour Europeo.También hablamos del regreso de Tiger Woods a los escenarios y el nuevo calendario de LIV Golf para el 2024.

En los grandes acontecimientos que marcan de forma especial el rumbo de la historia intervienen factores económicos, sociales y políticos. No obstante, recientes estudios sugieren que los cambios climáticos también juegan un papel crucial en estos procesos. Una muestra de esa influencia es el resultado de una investigación que aglutina el estudio de los sedimentos acumulados en el fondo de un lago junto a un análisis de las fuentes históricas realizada por un equipo multidisciplinar del Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT). El resultado del estudio, publicado en Nature Communications, explora cómo las variaciones climáticas han podido influir en momentos históricos significativos de la Península Ibérica, como son el declive del Reino Visigodo y la invasión islámica por el Califato Musulmán Omeya durante el siglo VIII.

After previewing the Notre Dame vs Stanford matchup we answered questions from IB subscribers and listeners. It didn't look like it would be a long mailbag when we got started, but the questions kept pouring in. This is part one. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

After previewing the Notre Dame vs Stanford matchup we answered questions from IB subscribers and listeners. It didn't look like it would be a long mailbag when we got started, but the questions kept pouring in. This is part two. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

En los grandes acontecimientos que marcan de forma especial el rumbo de la historia intervienen factores económicos, sociales y políticos. No obstante, recientes estudios sugieren que los cambios climáticos también juegan un papel crucial en estos procesos. Una muestra de esa influencia es el resultado de una investigación que aglutina el estudio de los sedimentos acumulados en el fondo de un lago junto a un análisis de las fuentes históricas realizada por un equipo multidisciplinar del Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT). El resultado del estudio, publicado en Nature Communications, explora cómo las variaciones climáticas han podido influir en momentos históricos significativos de la Península Ibérica, como son el declive del Reino Visigodo y la invasión islámica por el Califato Musulmán Omeya durante el siglo VIII.

Nuevo programa de 'Play Basket':- Hablamos con Ibón Navarro después de que Unicaja consiga romper la racha del Real Madrid.- Entrevistamos a Ferrán Bassas, director de juego del Dreamland Gran Canaria que camina con paso firme esta temporada y afronta una semana clave con el derbi canario en el horizonte. - Escuchamos a Sito Alonso, Dusko Ivanovic y Andrés Feliz, protagonistas de la jornada y analizamos todo lo ocurrido en la tertulia con Xavi Saisó, Miguel Martín Talavera y Faustino Sáez. - Análisis de la jornada de NBA con José Ajero, compañero de Movistar+, donde destaca el gran momento de Santi Aldama.

MPF Discussion with Dr Simon MooreThe Psychology Of Embracing Change With Dr Simon Moore  About Dr. Simon MooreMeet Simon Moore Chartered Business and Consumer Psychologist who serves as the CEO of IB, an award-winning psychology strategy consultancy revolutionizing the business landscape at www.weareib.co. At the helm of IB, Dr. Simon Moore and his psychology team have used their expertise to advise globally renowned brands, including powerhouses like FedEx, Pfizer,Microsoft, Sony, Aviva, eBay, Sony Music, Virgin Atlantic, and HSBC. They'vealso collaborated with top-tier agencies such as Golin, BBH, Proximity, IrisWorldwide, and Havas, leaving an indelible mark on the forefront of consumerdecision-making, engagement, and behaviour. Dr.  Moore's influence extends beyond the corporate sphere, where recentgroundbreaking discussions have delved into the psychology of AI andautomation. As an advocate for understanding the subtle yet pivotal factors that shape communications, customer experience, workflow, and culture, Dr. Moore ensures his clients navigate the complex landscape with unparalleled insight. Dr Moore is also an author and has been an adviser to both the UK and US Governments.  In this episode of My Perfect Failure, join Dr.  Simon Moore as he delves into the transformative realm of "The Psychology of Embracing Change." Prepare for a wealth of insights and invaluable tips as Dr. Moore unravels the secrets to successfully navigating career transitions and mastering the art of life pivots. Dr. Moore goes beyond the personal sphere to illuminate the commercial landscape, offering compelling insights into the strategic use of psychology. Discover how brands can tap into the emotional needs and desires of their customers, gaining a profound understanding that transcends conventional marketing approaches. Tune in for an episode that promises to be a game-changer in both your personal and professional journey!  Some of the Areas we Cover.·       How Simon's introduction to Psychology was both a surprise and unexpected.·       How we can prosper when we choose to operate outside of our comfort zone.·       How our self-esteem is informed by what we do, operating within our comfort zone can disable our self-esteem.·       Being brave will help us transition when we our seeking a career change or life pivot.·       Why the best way to impress somebody is to be yourself. Contact Dr Simon Moore Email: simon@weareib.co Website: www.weareib.co.LinkedIn:   https://www.linkedin.com/in/drsimonmoore/ 

End Times – When Will These Things Be                                                                                              Habakkuk 2:14 (ESV)"For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.” Matthew 24:3 (ESV)“Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?”Question 1:             When will these things be (happen)?Question 2:            What will be the sign of your coming?Question 3:            What will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?___Question 1:             When will these things be (happen)? Matthew 24:4-28 (reference only)1.      Many claiming to be Christ. 2.      Wars and Rumors of wars.3.      Famines. Matthew 24:7 (ESV)…and there will be famines and earthquakes in various places.Acts 11:28 (ESV)“Agabus stood up and foretold by the Spirit that there would be a great famine over all the world [this took place in the days of Claudius].” 4.      Earthquakes.Matthew 24:9 (ESV)”All these are but the beginning of the birth pains.” 5.       Persecution.Matthew 24:9 (ESV)“Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and put you to death, and you will be hated by all nations for my name's sake.”Acts 8:1 (ESV)“there arose on that day a great persecution against the church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles.” 6.      Many will fall way and be deceived by false prophets.Matthew 24:10-13 (ESV)“And then many will fall away and betray one another and hate one another. And many false prophets will arise and lead many astray. And because lawlessness will be increased, the love of many will grow cold. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.”John 1:14 (ESV)“the Word became flesh and dwelt among us”2 Peter 2:1 (ESV)"False profits also arose among the people, just as there will also be false teachers among you who will secretly introduce destructive heresies.” 7.      The gospel will be preached to the whole world.Matthew 24:14 (ESV)“And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.”Romans 1:8 (ESV)“I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed in all the world.”Romans 10:18 (ESV)“But I ask, have they not heard? Indeed they have, for ‘Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.'”  Romans 16:25-26 (ESV)“Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept secret for long ages but has now been disclosed and through the prophetic writings has been made known to all nations, according to the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith—“Colossians 1:5-6 (ESV)“the gospel, which has come to you, as indeed in the whole world it is bearing fruit and increasing…”Colossians 1:23 (ESV)“if indeed you continue in the faith, stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the gospel that you heard, which has been proclaimed in all creation under heaven, and of which I, Paul, became a minister.”Matthew 24:14 (ESV)“And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.”Isaiah 66:18-20 (ESV)“For I know their works and their thoughts, and the time is coming to gather all nations and tongues. And they shall come and shall see my glory, and I will set a sign among them. And from them I will send survivors to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to the coastlands far away, that have not heard my fame or seen my glory. And they shall declare my glory among the nations.”Acts 13:46-47 (ESV)“we are turning to the Gentiles. For so the Lord has commanded us, saying, ‘I have made you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring salvation to the ends of the earth.'”Eusebius (300 AD)“The teaching of the new covenant was borne to all nations, and at once the Romans besieged Jerusalem and destroyed it and temple.”John Chrysostom (The Ancient Christian Commentary, 2002, Ib:191)“You will preach everywhere…Then he added. ‘This gospel of the kingdom will be preached throughout the whole world as a testimony to all Nations, and then will come.' The sign of this final end will be the downfall of Jerusalem."Justin Martyr (The Ante-Nicene Father, 1989, First Apology, XXXIX) “From Jerusalem, there went out into the world, men, twelve in number… By the power of God, they proclaim to every race of men that they were sent by Christ to teach to all the word of God.”Charles Spurgeon (Exposition of Matthew, 1979, p211) “There was a sufficient interval for the full proclamation of the gospel by the apostles and evangelist of the early Christian Church, and for the gathering out of those who recognize the crucified Christ, as the true Messiah. Then came the awful end, which the Savior foresaw and fortold, and the prospect of which wrung from his lips and heart the sorrow-full lament that followed his prophecy of the doom awaiting his guilty capital.”8.      The Abomination of Desolation. Matthew 24:15-20 (ESV)“So when you see the abomination of desolation spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. Let the one who is on the housetop not go down to take what is in his house, and let the one who is in the field not turn back to take his cloak. And alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath.”Luke 21:20-21 (ESV)“But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near. Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains”John Chrysostom (Early church father 400AD)“The abomination of desolation means the army by which the holy city of Jerusalem was made desolate”Daniel 9:26 (ESV)“the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. Desolations are decreed.” 9.      Counterfeit Christ's Matthew 24:23-26 (ESV)“At that time if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Messiah!' or, ‘There he is!' do not believe it. For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect. See, I have told you ahead of time. So if anyone tells you, ‘There he is, out in the wilderness,' do not go out; or, ‘Here he is, in the inner rooms,' do not believe it.”Hebrews 8:13 (ESV)“In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.” 

In this episode I'm speaking with Andrew and Dave of the IB English Guys. 2023 saw the first roll out of the IBDP English A course's Paper 2. As such, teachers across the world rallied to prepare students for a comparative literature essay that featured unseen prompts and the opportunity to select any of the studied texts from across their two years of study. I was keen to chat with Andrew and Dave as they have been a fantastic point of contact on relevant IB teaching forums and of course across all their content on YouTube. Additionally, both of the guys were examiners for Paper 2 this year and had access to extended conversations with the principle examiner regarding expectations for students' responses. We discuss:1. Since the last time we spoke, something new Dave and Andrew have taught or would like to teach in the coming year.2. Whether this year's Paper 2 and its focus on thematic prompts is a sign of things to come3. The observation that students fared better if they stayed out of sentence-level analysis and instead aimed at broad authorial choices.4. How to write conclusions in a meaningful manner.5. What the tell-tale signs are that an essay has been learnt and therefore forced onto a question provided6. And finally, what we should all be doing more of on a formative assessment level to prepare students for this paperThanks again to the guys for being so generous with their time as well as the practical advice gleaned from reading hundreds of responses and consolidating what they believe to be best practice for a demanding exam. If you want to be kept up to date on when educational chat like this happens, then be sure to subscribe to the podcast and/or follow me on Twitter @chrisjordanhkLinks: The IB English Guys YouTube Channel

GW12 Review, very different weeks for both Baker and Adam...albeit Tsimikas benched was very much a common theme. Long one to cover a lot of fantasy relevant games, enjoy the IB and take note of the giveaway :) This podcast is supported by @CryptoBlockDan If you're looking for more FPL conversation with us come and join our Patreon, www.patreon.com/aboveaveragefpl The podcast is also available on YouTube where you can find us at www.youtube.com/aboveaveragefpl Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

En el norte de la Península Ibérica, encontramos una región con más de 150 cuevas. Una de ellas es Chufín, la cual alberga numerosas pinturas rupestres que nos hablan de cómo vivían nuestros antepasados en la prehistoria.

Sarah Scala M. Ed & OD is the Founder, President, and Principal Consultant of Sarah Scala Consulting, which provides executive coaching, DEIB (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging) facilitation, organization development, learning strategy, LGBTQ+ leadership coaching, leadership development, and change management consulting to organizations, with the goal of increasing client revenue, reducing turnover, and creating business value. In this discussion Paul and Sarah talk about DEIB. They discuss how DEIB initiatives translate into improve business results, how the field has transformed over the years, the impact of recent rulings in the Supreme Court, and how the influx of new employees is changing matters.Sarah Scala Consulting can be found at https://www.sarahscala.com Humanity Working is brought to you by BillionMinds. BillionMinds helps companies be ready for the future of work by developing adaptable, resilient employees. You can learn more about them on LinkedIn or by visiting billionminds.com.

In this episode we return to talk to Vikas Pahwa from Shiv Nadar School in Gurgaon, India - but we are actually featuring some of his students who are sharing their CAS experiences. If this sounds familiar to regular listeners, that's because we are going back to back with CAS related podcasts. Last episode it was students from my backyard in Minnesota. This time the students are from northern India. I'm sure you will be struck by the similarities in student responses and the ways in which CAS experiences have shaped them and had an influence in their future plans. Please listen to both episodes. They really speak to the core values and the mission of the IB in creating a well-rounded education leading to a better and more peaceful world. Featured students: Aishwarya, Gianna, Lakshya, Anvi CAS Coordinator: Mrs Nandini KarThe BConnectt Instagram pageLearn more about CAS on the IB Website.Email IB Matters: IBMatters@mnibschools.orgTwitter @MattersIBIB Matters websiteMN Association of IB World Schools (MNIB) websiteDonate to IB MattersTo appear on the podcast or if you would like to sponsor the podcast, please contact us at the email above.

Ibón Peyote es un deportista extremo siempre listo para nuevos desafíos. Hoy nos presenta una competición de búsqueda de taxis bajo la lluvia a lo largo de medio mundo. Además, anuncia su presencia en los Congresos del Bienestar de la SER.

Hoy analizamos al detalle el asesinato de la joven sugarbaby. Lo hablamos con la criminóloga y abogada de la madre de la víctima, Carmen Balfagón. Carmen es la decana del Colegio de Criminólogos de Madrid. Tienes el caso explicado en un episodio de este mismo canal. Una producción de Abbcast Consigue el merchandising de Crímenes Ibéricos y apoya a este podcast en: https://merchapod.com/crimenes-ibericos/

Ibón Peyote es un deportista extremo siempre listo para nuevos desafíos. Hoy nos presenta una competición de búsqueda de taxis bajo la lluvia a lo largo de medio mundo. Además, anuncia su presencia en los Congresos del Bienestar de la SER.

In this week's episode, WAB's Director of Innovation in Learning and Teaching, Stephen Taylor, has taken over as host and engaged in a conversation with two special guests from the recent accreditation visit: Darlene Fisher, an International Accreditation Leader for NEASC, and Angela Meikle, Head of International Baccalaureate (IB) World Schools. Together, they explore the development of the Collaborative Learning Protocol and its role in maintaining a strong focus on learning within schools.   Darlene explains that the creation of the CLP by both NEASC and IB is aimed at establishing a unified process for schools, eliminating the need for multiple reports for different organizations. By aligning efforts for reevaluation and reaccreditation, NEASC and IB sought to streamline the accreditation process. The CLP also served as a tool to facilitate deep conversations within schools about learning, its quality, and methods for improvement and transformation.  Angela adds that the CLP was designed during a transitional period when the IB introduced new foundational program standards and practices in 2020, with schools adapting to the new evaluation model in 2021. The CLP was developed to effectively direct schools' attention towards learning, providing clarity during this transition phase.  Stephen sheds light on WAB's decision to embrace this process, driven by the philosophical alignment between the IB and NEASC, as well as their shared commitment to future directions. "We don't want to be a school that just sits back and keeps on doing things the way we always do them, but to always keep growing. And this evolution of authorization and accreditation pathways is something that does force that growth mindset," said Stephen.   If you're interested in discovering how WAB collaborates with world-leading accreditation groups to enhance our learning and innovation, tune in to this episode for more insights. 

Ibón Peyote es un deportista extremo siempre listo para nuevos desafíos. Hoy nos presenta una competición de búsqueda de taxis bajo la lluvia a lo largo de medio mundo. Además, anuncia su presencia en los Congresos del Bienestar de la SER.

Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari says policymakers have yet to win the fight against inflation, and that they will consider more tightening if needed. Neil Dutta, Renaissance Macro Research US Economic Research Head, says a rebalanced labor market could led to a rate cut. Katy Kaminski, AlphaSimplex Chief Research Strategist, expects more potential buying for treasuries in the short-term. Mohamed Younis, Gallup Editor-In-Chief, previews the off-year elections happening across several US states. Nadia Martin Wiggen, Svelland Capital Director, discusses the global oil market as prices fall to over two-month lows. Get the Bloomberg Surveillance newsletter, delivered every weekday. Sign up now: https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters/surveillance    Full transcript: This is the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. I'm Lisa A. Bromoids, along with Tom Keen and Jonathan Ferrow, join us each day for insight from the best in economics, geopolitics, finance and investment. Subscribe to Bloomberg Surveillance on demand on Apple, Spotify and anywhere you get your podcasts, and always on Bloomberg dot Com, the Bloomberg Terminal, and the Bloomberg Business app. This morning, Mike McKay Drumrow, fantastic guests the random type with us to talk about Fed policy. Yes, and thank you very much, John, because we are pleased to welcome Neil Kashkari, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, to the table today. Thank you for coming in making the trip all the way to New York only for us. I'm sure nothing else There would be nothing else this morning, and except for Bloomberg Surveillance. You're kind of known as the guy who is the most hawkish. I don't want to characterize you exactly now, given how things have changed over the last couple of months, but you have left open the possibility of doing more. How much more would you think the economy might need? Are we talking about just that one leftover move from the dot plot in September, or if you have to start raising again, do you have to go farther. Probably. Well, first of all, it's great to see you, Thanks for having me. People are looking for certainty, and I wish I could give that certainty provided there's been so much, so much it's unusual about the reopening of the economy and the dynamics that led to the high inflation, and how long it has taken, and the dynamics as the disinflation process has taken hold. I wish I knew. We have to let the inflation data guide US, the labor market data guide US, just to point out the obvious. Our forecasts have not been great over the past couple of years, and so we just need to We're all committed. Everybody on the FORMC has committed that two percent is our inflation target. We have to get inflation back down to two percent over a reasonable period of time. Ultimately, the economy will tell us how much is needed to get there, And I just don't know. Well, at what point do you think you would believe you have tightened enough or not tightened enough? What is it that you're looking for. Well, I'll give you some good news is that core PC on a three month basis is running about two point five percent, and it's lower than the six month data. It's lower than the one year data. So that suggests that the disinflation is real. If we continue to see inflation numbers of that range two point five percent or lower on a go forward basis, that would tell me, Okay, we are now on a path back to two percent inflation. But three months data is still only three months data, and if we see that start to tick back up again, that would tell me our job is not yet done. Tick back up means what? In other words, we get another couple of CPI reports in a PCE report before your next meeting, a couple of tents higher. The chairman and others say it's going to be lumpy or does it have to be a significant move? In other words, what are you thinking about for December? Well, I think we could look at, as the chairman always says, we look at all of the data. So what surprises Over the past few months, We've been surprised by how strong American consumers have been. Consumer spending is held up remarkably well, we've been surprised by GDP growth. When activity continues to run this hot, that makes me question is policy as tight as we assume that it currently is. So if you saw inflation tick back up and you saw continued very strong economic activity on the real side of the economy, that would tell me, okay, we might need to do more. So it's hard for me to say this one data point needs to be here. I would be looking at the suite of data. Did we outsource doing more to financial markets? In the arts week? Have we outsourced doing more to financial markets? You know, this is a very complicated question on what has been driving the long end of the Yeld curve. Some people point to term premium, and I always joke the term premium is the economist version of dark matter. It's the residual of all the stuff we can't explain. It's not that our models are wrong, it's the dark matter is out there. So that's the term premium. And some people say, well, that's driven by fiscal If it was fiscal driving the term premium, I would have expected to see a week dollar. Usually when investors are worried about a country's fiscal position, their currency weekends our currency has been quite strong. It makes me wonder is it really fiscal driving the term premium. Another possibility is the path of policy over the next few years. That could explain both the stronger dollar and the weaker stock market going into the last meeting. Another one is that maybe the neutral rate is higher, or maybe it's a combination of all three of these. And so these are things that we're spending a lot of time trying to understand what the markets are doing. But just speaking for myself, I'm not comfortable saying which of those three it is, because which of those three it is determines what it means for policy. If it is the term premium, then it is doing some work for the FED. But if it's the neutral rate, or if it's the forward guidance of the path of policy, then we would actually have to follow through to preserve those rates. So how did this line end up in the statement? And I'll share it with that audience. The kind of financial and credit conditions for households and businesses are likely to wound economic activity, hiring, an inflation. Where's that coming from? Oh, that's been there for a long time. I mean, that's been in there since the Silicon Valley bank episode and the banking stresses leading to some tightening of credit conditions across the economy. So I think that that's right. I, for one, don't say that that means the recent moves in the old curve. How fluid is that assessment? Can that change from month to month, meeting to mating, because some of those comments around that has inspired quite a move in this market over the last week. Well, you know, one of the things about the statements, we always have to be careful about putting things into the statement because they tend to be long lived and it's hard to pull them out of the statement because as soon as you take something out, then all of a sudden, people say, oh my gosh, they're declaring that all the banking stresses are over, as an example, and so, you know, I would look at all of the range of commentary that you get, look at what the chairman says, look at his press conference to get a read of the thought of the committee. You said that people want certainty that you can't give it to them, and I understand that, but people don't just want certainty, they also want some sort of guiding philosophy. Do you think that Fed Shir Powell has outlined some sort of guiding philosophy and where the bar is to cut rates and where the bar is to raise them further. Well, I think he's articulated very clearly that we're committed to getting back to two percent inflation. Right. There's been some chatter amongst economists that maybe we should raise the inflation target. I think he's done a great job saying that is not on the table. We're not going to do that. We're going to get inflation back to two percent, and we're going to let the data guide us. We've moved very aggressively. We've made a lot of progress on inflation. We're not done yet, meaning inflation is not back to our target, and if we need to do more, we will. There seem to be a feeling in markets that the bar to cut rates has been lowered over the past week or two weeks. Suddenly not only are we reaching a pause and have we seen a peek in the FED funds rate, but that also the Fed will cut next year, maybe surgically. Neil Dada is talking about that and he's coming up next. Do you want to push back against that? Do you think that the bar to cut is still just as high as it was. I have no idea where market participants are getting that. There's no discussion amongst me and any of my colleagues about when we're going to start preparing to cut rates. The only thing that's been talked about at all is that at some point, when inflation is well on its way back down, if we didn't back off a little bit, then real rates would be getting tighter and tighter and tighter. And that's real, but that's math. But is there enough weakness currently in the market in the economy, I should say to give you that sense at this point, look at the last GDP print. I mean, does anybody look at that and think, oh, my gosh. The economy we for the last twelve months GDP has been very strong. The labor market continues to be quite robust. Yes, the unemployment rate is ticked up to three point nine percent, but we've also seen a huge surge of labor supply, which is really positive come online. So I'm looking at this, I'm seeing consumers that are strong. My air by the way, my airplane that I came here on was one hundred percent full yesterday. It's going to be one hundred percent full today, I'm not seeing a lot of evidence that the economy is weaken Well, whether you go higher or not, you are on board for longer. And so you must have modeled out some idea of how long you would need to leave rates unchanged before you could get down to a level low enough that you could take your foot off the break a little bit. How long do you think you'll be at five point five into twenty twenty four. Well, I think it's going to depend if we continue to see inflation prints similar to the ones we've seen the last few months, you know, and we end up with a year of a year at two point five percent core inflation and it continues to trend down, that constellation would give me evidence to say, hey, we ought to look at should we start backing off just so the real policy isn't getting tighter and tighter and tighter, because we're clearly on our way back down to two percent. But again, I don't want to just point to one data series. We will be looking at the suite of data to try to get a read of where the economy is headed. Well, not just data. You talk to businesses in your district, all the time, What are they telling you now about their view of growth and hiring and pricing going forward. It's moderating. So the labor market is still tight in my district, people especially in the Dakotas, really have a hard time finding workers. But in Minnesota, it's still a tight labor market, but it's not as tight as it was six months ago. It's not as tight as it was a year ago. So that kind of maps to the national data that we're seeing of a gently cooling labor market but one that's still very very warm. Same thing with economic activity. Depending on the sector, they're saying, Hey, we feel pretty good about things. We're a little cautious about the future. Obviously, they watch the news, they read the news. There's a lot of economic anxiety that is reported on that people, you know, factor that into their own thinking and their own business planning. So I think the outlooks are still optimistic, but it's cautious optimists. Well are they still raising prices or think they need to? So it's funny there Still they still buy and large have some pricing power more than they had before pandemic, but not as much pricing power as they had six months or a year ago. Can we finish on housic sure in the space of three years, we've had record low interest rates in the highest rates in several decades. Is this housing market broken? Well? I think since the pandemic, we have structurally underbuilt the number of units that we need to meet our growing population. And that's the factor. And that's really about regulation at the local level that are creating barriers to more supply coming in. The raid environment will settle out over time, but structurally we have to actually bring a lot more supply online to meet America at the time, but it could be like twenty thirty years. I think this is the issue here. The legacy of this FMC could well be a generation of people look down to the housing market. Why do you say that there could be a generation of people with two three percent mortgages that never sound their home. Yeah, I don't know. People end up needing to move. It's funny when people don't tell their home because they're locked into a low mortgage. That's less supply, but that's also one less buyer. Most people who buy homes are leaving another home, and so that affects both the supply side and the and the demand side of That's why I set a generation look down because I'm renting and count by, so I'm not sounding anything, and that's the generation. I'm talking about that generation specifically, you concern that could be the legacy at the FORMC. Now. I think the legacy of this FMC is that we've dealt with the pandemic very aggressively. Then we were surprised by very high inflation, but then we move very aggressively to bring the inflation back down. I want to ask you about a story on the Bloomberg terminal today about all the financial CEOs from the US over in Hong Kong sounding very doer and down about the prospects for the economy. They suggest that things are pretty fragile right now, both in the economy and the markets, given everything that's going on around the world and in the shadow banking system as well as theirs. How worried are you, well, I mean, we're always worried about things that can happen all around the world. We've got teams of people looking at different scenarios around the world. Ultimately, we have to focus on what we can control, you know, geopolitics. When Hamas attacked Israel, the first thing we thought of is what's it going to do to the oil market, what's it going to do to commodity prices. Remarkably, the response so far has been muted. But that's something we're obviously paying close attention to. But the broader geopolitical issues are just so far outside of our bounds of forecasting. You know, we have a hard enough time forecasting inflation trying to forecast where geopolitics is going. We just have to focus what we can control. Oil price is dropped. I mean, that's the crazy thing about the last month. Physically, it doesn't make any sense. And this is the reason why trying to get it right is just impossible. And then trying to get the idea of a FED put and whether they're going to respond. I'm just saying people are talking about that now, so yeah, talking about it in the last few hours. Yes, it's on this program. No, always a pleasure, Thank you, Sirving Neil, Cash County, the Minneapolis FED price Alongstide Plympecks, Mi M chab No Tatsa, the head of US economic research at Renaissance Macron. Nil, good morning to you. Good morning. Let's go straight there because my IB was lighting up with messages from you. We're not thinking about tapering. Two months later, we're a long way from neutral cutting a month later. What do you think is going on within the FBC. Where do you think this is going? Well? I think I agree that it doesn't pay much to forecasts right now. It's important just to look at the data as it's coming to you, and so I do sympathize with that. But at the end of the day, I mean, the unemployment rate is up above the fed's forecast for this year, and that's the first time that's happened since March of twenty twenty two. Now you know we're in. When you're in the thick of it, it's hard to know whether that represents the start of something much more onerous or whether it's just the normalization of the labor market. But I think for the FED, I think the doves on the FMC, and remember you know President Kashkari, he tends to lean on the hawkish side of the consensus at the FED. I think for the doves, they have all the ammunition they need to basically put the hawks in a casket. Okay, I mean, I think that's the way I would think about it. I mean, you can point to the pickup in productivity and what that's done to unit labor costs. You can point to what Powell has said, right, I mean, when when central bankers use proceed carefully risk management, that's code for doing nothing. And you know, finally, I mean the employment report was probably understating payroll growth. That's my view. I mean, there's a lot of strike activity and so far, but at the end of the day, average hourly earnings are running just over three percent at an annual rate over the last several months. So I don't think the hawks on the committee frankly, can use the labor markets as a rationale to be hawkish anymore. So that is over and so I think the doves can basically say that the labor markets have been rebalanced. And if they can say that just implicitly, it means that the door is a little bit cracked open for a cut. And you know, the point I'm making to you is, you know J Powell, it wouldn't be the first time he basically, you know, flipped on a dime. I mean, we're a long way from neutral. I mean a few months later he's cutting rates, We're not even thinking about thinking about tapering or hiking, and then we're hiking and tapering basically in the same month. So you know, to me, the fact that they're not talking about it is irrelevant. It's also in their sep for next year. The question is whether these surgical cuts, what are surgical cuts? Basically a few cuts to stabilize the economy. I mean, I think the issue is is the extent to which cutting quickly translates into rapid economic stable So I mean, for as an example, I mean, let's see what happens with mortgage purchase demand. Over the next couple of weeks. We've seen mortgage rates basically come down to what like seven percent. Okay, I'm trying to wrap my head around this. Six months ago, you were talking about way more economic strength in the US economy than people had expected. Now you're talking about strategic or surgical cuts by the Federal Reserve to stabilize the economy. Are you saying that they are warranted because the economy No, I don't think that they are. Part of the tention, Lisa, is that my job isn't to tell people what I think the Fed should do. My job is to try to get into their head and figure out what they will do. I mean, if I was there, would I be I would probably be more hawkish than the consensus on the FMC. But I'm not there. Well, but does this mean that you think the consequence of surgical cuts to fortify the economy will be prolonged inflation? Yes? Okay, So then how do you sort of arrange around that sort of what is the inflation rate? How do you sort of lean into the rally that we've seen in the bond market and say, wait a second, you guys have gotten ahead of your skis based on the game theory that the FED is playing and the way that they're likely to do Searga, I don't know that the bond market's getting ahead of itself. I think the bond market is sniffing out that the distribution of risks have changed. I don't know what the FED may do next. I mean, that's what I think the bond market is doing, and I think bond market investors are right to do that, because, as I say, you know, you think about it basically three prongs, right, the labor market, inflation, and then financial conditions. If the FED can look at the labor market and say the labor markets are rebalanced. Okay, that's check done. You can't use that anymore as a reason to be hawkish. So, if anything, if the unemployment rate's not going up a little bit, the distribution of risks are that they would cut because the labor markets. And right, if the labor markets are thawing, that's going to give them increased confidence that inflation will thaw and so and then finally, if that's the case, they're not going to be particularly concerned about the easing and financial conditions that you've seen since the last in the last week, which is what we've been talking about through this morning, whether they are going to tolerate the easing we've seen over the last week. And it feels like perhaps they will help me work with me here. It feels like to me that you believe the world might have changed post pandemic versus pre pandemic. Do you sense that they still believe were still in the same old world pre pandemic? I do. I mean, I mean, if you listen to someone like New York Fed President John Williams, even Chair Powell, I mean, there's not much there's quite a bit of reluctance to just say that, you know, neutral rates are higher. I mean, why do you think that, is, Neil? You know, I don't know. I mean I think that maybe in their minds things haven't changed. I mean all, I mean, you saw Powell talk about this at at the press conference last week. I mean, oh, well, if we get to pick up in potential growth, it's a temporary pick up and potential growth, then we'll go back down. So if you don't think that the world has fundamentally changed, then you're going to be more sort of cognizant of overtightening risk. Right Like, So if the unemployment rate is starting to go up, you may have thought, well, maybe you overdid it, so you might be more willing to cut sooner as a result. So are you more bullish on the US economy but also expect inflation to remain higher and the FED When people look back, this will be considered a policy air that they weren't hawkish enough. Yeah, I mean I think that that would be Yeah, I mean that would be something I could be saying in twenty twenty five. What would you point to if you had this conversation right now? And I would love to get you around the table next time I have a FED official to work through somebody's issues. But what would you it sounds dangerous as the number one thing that indicates to you that the world has changed, versus pandemic that ultimately they don't believe it. What would you point to, Well, I mean the first is just look at let's look at the obvious. I mean, you've done a lot, and yet the economy is still kind of hanging in there. I would say that things like household formation rates are running twice the rate they did after the Financial crisis. I mean, to me, I think it's much easier to tell the story about why the post financial crisis period was actually the anomaly than not. So I think we're actually going back to the old normal more so than anything else. Obviously, you think about all those people during the financial crisis period or the years after that, we're saving up for retirement. A lot of them have now since retired and they're now dissaving, which is you know, implies higher neutral rates. You think about income inequality, it was something that we were talking about all throughout the twenty tens. Well, it's coming down now. People at the lower end of the wage spectrum. We're seeing more rapid growth in their wages. You see more increased sort of union activity and unions getting big wins for blue collar workers. I mean, these are not things. I mean, and those folks have a much higher propensity to spend. And so I think it's it's not right in my view to say that things haven't changed. But if that's what the FED believes, then you have to be recognizing what that implies for what they might do later. And so I think just because they're not talking about cuts now does not mean they won't be talking about cuts in three six months. That should be in the realm of possibility, and I think the market's Frankly, I'm not willing to fight the move yet. I mean, okay, no a clinic as always. You know you're one of my favors. I think everyone knows that. No data, every nice loose Macro, No, thank you joining guess now. Katy Kaminski, chief research strategist over Alpha Simplex. Katie, it's the number one question for us. Are you still short treasuries? Yes? Why? Well, this is because for trend falling, it's not just about a couple of days, It's really about persistent trends in the market, and I just want to point out, and this is something interesting, trend falling signals have been net short for nine quarters. This is the first time in many decades that this has been the case. And so the reason I'm pausing right now is because we've been saying short, short, short all year, and for the first time, it's starting to feel like we already got that short come through. What's next? What does the market do now? Buy are coming in because yields are at interesting levels. They're probably thinking, maybe we've finally hit that point. Do you think something changed fundamentally to lead to that in the last few weeks. I do, And then I think that the data has come out to support the narrative for investors. But I also think a narrative that has made sense to me is that investors have woken up to the idea that five percent yields at some point there's a buying point where you think, well, there's a chance this could actually go down. And now you start to see this equilibrium occur where you're seeing the disinverted curve, which is something we've been looking for since the beginning of the year. So Katie just to put a bow on this, are you now not short treasuries and actually starting to see value, particularly if yields get up to that five percent level in the tenure. So we're still short in terms of the overall frequency that we see signals, but we are seeing consolidation in those signals, so there's a reduction in that particular conviction. But what I will say is that I'm seeing more and more positive signals on higher frequency, and so I think on the shorter term you're going to see more and more potential buying for treasuries. But I do want to remind everyone inflation is still an issue. Rates could be higher for longer, so there's still really a good chance that we're going to see a lot of volatility instead of a new trend per se that starts to emerge. Yet this raises this question of which particular data points are going to be the real action drivers, like what we saw over the past ten days. Is it going to be basically every inflation read that we get, or do you really buy into this idea that it's treasury supply that's been dictating a lot of the volumes and a lot of the angst that we felt over the past month. It's really interesting that you bring this up, Lisa, because we've been talking about the supply issue. I mean, how often do people actually talk about supply. They're only talking about it because I think people are trying to understand the equilibrium of where people sit and what yield should cost, I mean, what should be the right yield. And I think from our side on the technical side, what we're looking for is potential breakouts so that we're seeing a steeper curve at some point. Our view is it's going to depend on really what happens with the economic data of whether we end up with tighter conditions or if we actually see something very extreme where we actually saw higher yields. Again, that to me seems very unlikely right now, but I think it's really a point to start watching every data point to see which direction the yield market is going to go or which direction the yields go, because it's definitely an inflection point than Katie, were going to catch up with Nil Kashgari in about twenty minutes time. I think we're all looking forward to this conversation. There is this second paragraph in the statement that they put out last week on kind of financial conditions it reaches follows. I'm sure you're familiar with it. Time of financial and credit conditions for households and businesses are likely to weigh on economic activity, hiring, and inflation. Could you still write that same sentence today? After the move we've seen in the last week, what's that on the movement we've seen in the last month, for the the last six months, what do you think it is? Well? I think the challenge is that these numbers come in at different frequencies. Last week we had a massive buying but this could also be somewhat of a relief rally given how much movement we've seen downward, especially in equities. And let's just be honest, like I said, at a five percent yield started to get exciting, people said, oh I better get in there. So I think there's really still This could just be the tip of the beginning of understanding how serious financial conditions have changed, and if it's enough to actually warrant a point where we might actually have cuts at some point earlier than some would would have thought, like myself, who's been very pessimistic about rate cuts. Hey, Ketty, do you have a decent understanding of the conditions that would lead to those cuts. Well, usually in terms of this, I think we'd have to see pretty severe deterioration in financial conditions to see rate cuts, given the mandate of the FED and the fact that the other factors that are really focused on have not come down to their target level. So the fact that inflation is sticky, and the fact that we have a strong workforce and that we have all of these conditions putting us in a good place. They have been pretty clear that they're going to keep us higher for longer until we can sort that out. On the other hand, if we had some sort of very severe draw down or deterioration and credit that was clear, I think that they would have to act. So that to me would be the situation where we would see those rate cuts. Is if you saw something in the credits markets or something in terms of consumers really struggling that would cause them to actually react. So the FED put still exists, just at a much higher pain point, I would say probably yes. I mean, I think it always exists somewhere, but it's definitely moved a lot compared to what we liked in twenty nineteen and before. Kelly Let's finish what we started. Given the uncertainty you now have about your position, why maintain the shot? That's what I'm going to walk away from this conversation scratching my head about why maintain the short when it can be as expensive as it was on weeks last week. So this is the point of trend falling. Systematic trading is about not double sort of using your emotion in the moment. And I think what works with trend falling is following the data, and we just need more data to know the answer, and over longer periods of time, it turns out the market is actually quite good at giving us indications of where things are moving, and it's particularly short term movements where they disagree. Where you want to lean on your own gut, but you shouldn't, because that's what systematic trading is really about. It's about measuring and falling the markets and allowing the markets to tell you what the market where we're going, as opposed to sort of my own personal view. Unfortunately, Katie, thanks for the clarity on that point. I appreciate it. Katie commenced you that of aphasimplex, two major political parties remain unpopular in the United States, fifty six percent of Americans viewing the Republican Party unfavorably, fifty eight percent saying the same thing of the Democratic Party. Mohammed Junis, the editor in chief at Gallop, joined us now, Muhammad, help us out. I've been rinting through this piece. Neither party is well liked. You guys have pointed out that the GP has an edge on certain issues. Can we just talk about the likability of both parties right now, Muhammed? How unusual is this? Unfortunately, you know at harkens to your Amtrak conversation earlier. We're at a state right now in the United States when both parties are really not doing that great in terms of their favorability. It's nothing new, Unfortunately, It's been quite a while since Americans had a favorable view of either party in the majority. We're also at a time where there's a record high of Americans saying that they'd like to see a third party in American politics. Of course, easy to say I want more. It doesn't necessarily mean that that party would exist or actually be powerful. But we're also at a time, John and Lisa where there's a high of people that identify as independents, and that is important not only in the current moment, but also in our analysis over generations. What we find is that younger Americans today are actually sticking with that independent id much further along their lifespan than previous generations young folks. So, certainly America is highly dissatisfied with national government. We've talked about that a lot. They're really, in some ways most dissatisfied with both parties. That being said, today is a local election. It's really, I know, it's so tempting for us to jump to twenty twenty four. Americans line up today to vote on local issues, and there's a huge difference in the way people perceive local government versus the national government here in the United States. SOMEHOWMA just explain that a little bit more. What is the big difference between the two currently? Basically and coetence. Americans have very low trust and competence in the national government and national institutions. Perceptions of corruption are astronomically high. When you come to local government, though, people have a much more positive perspective on local government, whether it's the efficacy, transparency of local government and corruption, but also how they feel about their local governing officials. So Americans light up at the ballot box today, they're hearing a lot of echo chamber on the national what this means, we're twenty twenty four, but really what they're going to be focusing on our local issues, and the national conversation certainly will inform that. That's why things like abortion, things that implicate attitudes about big and small government, for example, they're on the ballot box. They will be discussed. They're going to be they have been a focus of the campaign. We know in Ohio there's a really big push on abortion. It'll be a really important weather vane in terms of whether or not Roe v. Wades overturning has sort of faded, The impact of that has faded or is still with us. I have to say, as you're talking about local elections and how different they are than the nationals, I think, well, they're probably not on TikTok, the local elections, they're probably not on Facebook. How much is it the social media echo chamber that polarizes people and gives them a worse and expected view of national politics in a way that local politics might be slightly immune. I think that's a great point. Lisa it's much easier to sort of check the bs if you will. On a topic or an issue. When it's about where you live, you know that reality. You have direct information from people you know where you live. You can talk to your neighbors, you can talk to your local religious leaders or community leaders. With national politics, it's a very different thing. It really tends to have now become sort of a war of the propaganda's if you owe both parties where truth is very hard to identify, but both sides are absolutely out there to religiously convict you excuse me, to religiously convert you to their worldview. So that's certainly a factor. But look, when it comes to twenty twenty four, and it's important for us to keep our eye on that mark. Everything that we've done with regards to national elections really comes down to one thing. Americans focus on the economy. The economy is king. It's not only king, it's king, queen and bishop when it comes to picking a president here in the United States. And that's going to be a huge factor in where people place their votes in November twenty twenty four. But as you all know, we are light years ahead from where that is in terms of assessing where the economy is going to be then, and that's going to be the major factor when it comes to party advantages. The Republicans definitely have maintained their historic advantage in terms of Americans viewing them as more competent in keeping the country prosperous, keeping the economy booming, and keeping the country safe. That's said, how much are you looking to Glenn Youngkin today? And maybe there is going to be very much local issues that are decided, but the local issues have implications for their glens might be the Republican con candidate for presidency. Do you think that's a stretch. I think looking at the polls right now, that is a stretch. It's hard to argue that President Trump is not the front runner of the Republican Party. You know, every poll you do, every poll, what we've done. We don't do too many political polls anymore, but there are good polls out there. It's really hard to see somebody sort of astronomically jump ahead of him. Now that being said, we haven't had a president in modern time that's facing the legal challenges that he's facing, and that's a whole other sort of curveball that's being thrown here. It's not clear exactly what his situation will be come real. Kind of rubber meets the road in terms of November twenty twenty four. But you know there are still we heard from David Axelrod this week about the Democratic side. There's still a lot of movement in this race, and I wouldn't rule out any surprises or sudden departures on either side up against the clol kid. Just to squeeze it in and finished where we started. You do mention in the piece of the GP holds advantages on certain issues. Can we just bring some life into that, Mohammad? Which issue specifically? There are really three issues In specific one is keeping the country prosperous. Republicans have a pretty sizable advantage to Democrats in terms of perceptions of keeping the country prosperous. The other one is keeping the country safe. As you know, we're now very focused on too pretty significant conflicts across the world. Hopefully that doesn't become a reality for us here in the United States, but as Americans focus more on security issues, Republicans do have that advantage in our polls. The final one is who's most competent to handle the most important problem facing the country. And what's fascinating about that question is that the most important problem facing the country, as I have said on this show many times right now, is actually poor leadership and government. So Americans identify the quality, the low quality of national le as the most important problem facing the country. So it's the most of our problem. The economy and keeping America safe fascinates in gright. To catch out Mohammed azoh Wis, He's going to say, Mohammed unus of gallop. Everyone's been pointing to oil prices. Why have they not caught up given that there is a sort of existential risk and threat that seems to be escalating every single day in the Middle East? Joining us now to help us understand what exactly to look for. Nadia Martin Wiggan, Director ats fell in Capital, Nadia, I just want to start there. What do you make of the fact that we're seeing crude traded on the NMEX blow eighty dollars a barrel again today despite what's going on in Israel and in Gaza. Hello, great to be on. I think what we saw last week is that Hezbollah and Iran for right now, they're on the sidelines, right, They don't actually want to show an escalation of the war going on in Gaza right now. So that has taken off some of the risk premium. For the last ten days, we actually see the implied volatility in the options market come down. So it's not even something that's happened just today, it's been for the last ten days that trend. I think. In addition, when that premium, that initial shock goes away, as we saw was the case with the war in Ukraine by Russia, eventually you know, the market starts to think about how to work around that. And for example, we've seen that freight rates have gone much higher, and part of that is when you look at it, it's almost like a risk balancing that, Okay, if we can't flow through the Suez and we have to go around, then let's de risk ourselves if things were to take longer. And we see that the freight market has actually priced that in as if they have to avoid the Suez, which they haven't had to do. So as a result, things have come down also in the oil market. Okay, so let's take a step back for a second. Nadia. If you're looking at freight producers, that already come up with alternate roots that avoid the suz Canal to avoid potential or the straits of our moves to avoid potential blowback from Iran. Does this mean that oil prices are actually higher than where they would be at this point if there weren't this geopolitical overhang, because it's actually being priced into the market in a material way. Yeah. If we look at what was happening to the market in oil before the October seventh attack, we could see that prices were coming off right. We had a lot of pressure on refinery margins. We had physical creed trading poorly. You know, we've had the largest overhang in the West African market that we've had in years. We had more than twenty twenty five million barrels unsold out of the November loading program. So we saw that kind of weakening and then this is where the market would like to rebalance. We saw the physical premiums come down for those grades, but the futures market has remained quite strong, and this is where we have to see that kind of reb ballancy. When we look at kind of the momentum and what is happening to pure speculative traders, you know, the CTAs and so forth. That short term momentum has been downwards, right, and that is put pressure bringing us down to where we are now in WTI, you know, just above the two hundred day moving average. If we look at that long term momentum, it's still intact for a strong market, right. So there are still those longs in the market that we've had in since before all of this started. But again, the market is preparing in case something were to happen, because you know, things had been taking along well in the Middle East and we were about to have a deal between Saudi Arabia, the US and Israel recognizing Israel, which would take off potentially a premium right, and instead we've moved in the opposite direction. How much is the US becoming the swing producer at a time where there is consolidation in the shale patch and you are seeing companies try to realize the value from their stores, basically pump the oil while it's still valued in the world. The deal of Exon, for example, buying Pioneer right, that really shows that they are focusing on the Permian right. And what interestingly Exon announced in their earnings call is that they believe that with their equipment and knowledge, they're able to bring in a total of one billion barrels of oil more out of those same assets that Pioneer was able to. So, when we think about the terminal regular production rate in the US, that goes from around fourteen and a half million barrels per day to maybe fifteen and a half million barrels per day, and the question is when do we reach that. Right August production was thirteen point one million barrels per day. It will probably take two years, but of course that depends on the short term oil price and the signals short term meaning monthly, quarterly, and the signals that that yields to shale producers in terms of activity. Right, a weaker oil price will slow that down. A strong oil price we'll speed that up. So right now, given more prices are do you expect more consolidation to be expedited currently or do you think that people are going to wait until prices go up a bit further. Well, prices are reasonably strong, right, the whole oil complex is in a good situation and making money. So when what we saw at the start of October is that demand was starting to get hit, right, we had producers selling crewed for more than one hundred dollars a barrel, and then we saw, for example, companies like India really complaining. Part of that is because Russian crudis continued to flow and we had price caps breached, right, so you were paying more than sixty dollars a barrel, maybe you were paying seventy dollars a barrel, and then on average, facing more than one hundred dollars a barrel was becoming difficult. So I think we've been in a pretty comfortable space, you know, in the eighty dollars range for everyone to make money, so it makes it ripe for consolidation and valuable resources. We don't really need things to move much higher. Do you think that all things being a well, this is going to be the range for the foreseeable future, just because of the pushes and the pulls that seem to be working in equilibrium from a technical level, yes, But of course things can suddenly change very quickly, both in the Middle East, you know, towards the negative towards a positive, so that can really shift things. And the number one thing to keep track of is that inventories were expected to draw quite steeply in the fourth quarter, and so far in October they only drew on land around three hundred thousand barrels per day. So the market is waiting for evidence that actually we have tightness led by these supply cuts and demand isn't waning, Whereas you know, on the other hand, if it continues waiting, then we could see for the falls and price. Nadie Martin Wigan of Spell and Capital, thank you so much for being with us. Subscribe to the Bloomberg Surveillance podcast on Apple, Spotify, and anywhere else you get your podcasts. Listen live every weekday starting at seven am Eastern on Blueberk dot com, the iHeartRadio app tune In, and the Bloomberg Business app. You can watch us live on Bloomberg Television and always on the Bloomberg terminal. Thanks for listening. I'm Lisa Abramowitz, and this is Bloomberg.See 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La Inquisición Española, también conocida como la Santa Inquisición, es una de las instituciones más controvertidas y notorias de la historia europea. Fundada en 1478 por los Reyes Católicos, Isabel I de Castilla y Fernando II de Aragón, la Inquisición Española desempeñó un papel fundamental en la vida política y religiosa de España durante varios siglos. En este artículo, exploraremos la historia, las actividades y el legado de esta institución que dejó una profunda huella en la historia de España y en la memoria colectiva de la humanidad. Orígenes y Contexto: La Inquisición Española surgió en el contexto de la Reconquista, el proceso de recuperación de la Península Ibérica por parte de los reinos cristianos después de siglos de dominación musulmana. Con la unión de Castilla y Aragón bajo los Reyes Católicos en 1469, se consolidó un Estado más poderoso y centralizado. Al mismo tiempo, España se convirtió en un importante actor en la escena internacional con la finalización de la Guerra de Granada en 1492 y el descubrimiento de América por Cristóbal Colón. La consolidación del poder real y la unidad religiosa eran objetivos clave para los Reyes Católicos, y la Iglesia Católica desempeñó un papel central en la promoción de estos objetivos. La Inquisición Española se estableció como una herramienta para mantener la ortodoxia religiosa y eliminar cualquier amenaza percibida a la fe católica. Funciones y Operaciones: La principal función de la Inquisición Española era la persecución de la herejía, lo que incluía la detección y el enjuiciamiento de aquellos que se consideraban herejes o cismáticos. La herejía se definía como cualquier desviación de la doctrina católica oficial. Los métodos de la Inquisición eran infames por su severidad. Los acusados enfrentaban interrogatorios, juicios, torturas y, en muchos casos, la ejecución en la hoguera. El proceso a menudo carecía de las protecciones legales modernas, y la confesión bajo tortura era una práctica común. Los inquisidores investigaban a personas sospechosas de herejía, incluyendo a conversos judíos y musulmanes, así como a aquellos que expresaban opiniones consideradas heterodoxas. La Inquisición también tenía el poder de confiscar bienes y propiedades de los condenados. El Impacto de la Inquisición Española: La Inquisición Española dejó una profunda huella en la historia de España. Aunque se centraba en la persecución religiosa, sus efectos se extendieron a la cultura, la política y la sociedad. Algunos de los impactos más notorios incluyen: La intolerancia religiosa: La Inquisición promovió un clima de temor y desconfianza en la sociedad española, lo que llevó a la persecución de minorías religiosas y la conversión forzada de judíos y musulmanes al cristianismo. La censura y el control ideológico: La Inquisición también controlaba la producción de libros y obras literarias, lo que limitaba la difusión de ideas consideradas heréticas. La influencia en la literatura y el arte: La Inquisición y su clima de represión se reflejan en la literatura y el arte de la época. Por ejemplo, la obra "Don Quijote de la Mancha" de Cervantes critica la intolerancia religiosa y la hipocresía de la Inquisición. El Declive y la Abolición: A lo largo de los siglos, la influencia de la Inquisición Española disminuyó gradualmente. La Ilustración y las ideas de la tolerancia religiosa en el siglo XVIII cuestionaron su existencia. Además, la invasión napoleónica de España en el siglo XIX resultó en la supresión temporal de la Inquisición. Finalmente, en 1834, el gobierno liberal de María Cristina de Borbón emitió un decreto que puso fin a la Inquisición española. Esta abolición marcó un cambio significativo en la historia de España hacia un Estado más liberal y secular. Legado y Reflexión: La Inquisición Española sigue siendo un tema controvertido y una parte inextricable de la historia de España. A medida que el país se modernizaba y se alejaba de su pasado intolerante, la memoria de la Inquisición quedó como un recordatorio de las tensiones religiosas y la persecución ideológica. Hoy en día, la Inquisición Española se estudia como un ejemplo de los peligros de la intolerancia religiosa y la represión del pensamiento libre. La Inquisición Española es un episodio complejo y oscuro de la historia que nos recuerda la importancia de la tolerancia, la diversidad y el respeto por las creencias de los demás en una --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antena Historia te regala 30 días PREMIUM, para que lo disfrutes https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=b4688a50868967db9ca413741a54cea5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produce Antonio Cruz Edita ANTENA HISTORIA Antena Historia (podcast) forma parte del sello iVoox Originals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- web……….https://antenahistoria.com/ correo.....info@antenahistoria.com Facebook…..Antena Historia Podcast | Facebook Twitter…...https://twitter.com/AntenaHistoria Telegram…...https://t.me/foroantenahistoria DONACIONES PAYPAL...... https://paypal.me/ancrume ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿QUIERES ANUNCIARTE en ANTENA HISTORIA?, menciones, cuñas publicitarias, programas personalizados, etc. Dirígete a Antena Historia - AdVoices Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Notre Dame's playoff hopes are gone and the odds of getting to a New Year's Six game are slim, so the Irish will have some decisions to make. IB discusses whether the Notre Dame staff should make decisions to start building for the future and playing younger players, or do whatever it takes to win out. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

ASCO: You're listening to a podcast from Cancer.Net. This cancer information website is produced by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, known as ASCO, the voice of the world's oncology professionals.  The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guests' statements on this podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Cancer research discussed in this podcast is ongoing, so data described here may change as research progresses. In this podcast, Cancer.Net Associate Editor for Lung Cancer, Dr. Charu Aggarwal, and Cancer.Net Specialty Editor for Thymoma, Dr. Ryan Gentzler, discuss what people with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer should know about their treatment options before and after surgery, called neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy, respectively. Dr. Aggarwal is the Leslye Heisler Associate Professor of Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine. Dr. Gentzler is a thoracic medical oncologist and Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology/Oncology at the University of Virginia (UVA) Comprehensive Cancer Center. View disclosures for Dr. Aggarwal and Dr. Gentzler at Cancer.Net.  To begin, Dr. Gentzler will discuss what people with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer should know about neoadjuvant treatment options before lung surgery. Welcome, Dr. Gentzler. Dr. Gentzler: Hi, this is Ryan Gentzler from the University of Virginia. We're here to discuss the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. So first, I thought I'd address some of the data and definition of what is neoadjuvant treatment. So when we think about treating lung cancer that is not metastatic, that is earlier stage disease, there typically involves multimodality treatment. Sometimes these lesions or tumors can be very small and can be stage I and treated with surgery alone or perhaps radiation alone and no further treatment is needed. But the vast majority of lung cancers that are considered early stage are in fact either larger tumors, involve lymph nodes, and typically fall into the category of stage II or III lung cancers. And these are cancers that often require multiple treatments beyond the local surgery approach alone. When we think about how we deliver that treatment, it can either be given before surgery or after a surgery. If we give treatment before a surgery, we call that neoadjuvant. If it is given after the surgery, we call that adjuvant. And most of the data that we have today in lung cancer uses one or the other of these approaches, and we don't typically give treatments both before and after, at least in terms of the chemotherapy part of that treatment. Historically, most of the data exists in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer going back several decades that showed that the benefit of chemotherapy after a surgery, particularly for those with stage II and stage III lung cancer, derived a clear benefit of survival by giving chemotherapy after surgery. More recently, with the advent of immune therapy, which we have used in patients with stage IV lung cancer as well as those with stage III lung cancer who cannot undergo surgery, those immunotherapy drugs have been shown to improve overall survival and improve clinical outcomes for a wide range of patients with more advanced disease. And so in the last 4 or 5 years, we have really looked at new trials that have added immunotherapy in what we call perioperative space, either before surgery or after surgery for those that have surgically resectable disease. I'm going to focus on the neoadjuvant approaches that we have seen today, and this largely all started with data from Patrick Forde out of Johns Hopkins and Jamie Chaft from Memorial Sloan Kettering looking at single agent treatment with nivolumab immunotherapy. This was no chemotherapy given for 3 treatments prior to or three cycles prior to surgery. And that trial demonstrated a high degree of patients with tumor reduction and more importantly, we saw that the pathologic response, meaning how much tumor was left under the microscope at the time of surgery, was higher than what anyone anticipated with just immunotherapy alone. That launched a whole series of larger randomized prospective trials evaluating largely the combination of chemotherapy and immune therapy prior to surgery. Now, before we get into some of the results of these trials, I really wanted to emphasize some of the theoretical advantages to neoadjuvant approach. Now, the first potential advantage of giving neoadjuvant treatment is that we know when you start with immunotherapy and chemotherapy regimens and that's the first type of treatment, everyone is guaranteed to get that treatment. And we know that the completion rate prior to surgery is higher than it is after surgery. These patients can get all of the prescribed treatment and will be more likely to get it than if they get it after surgery. So this is one advantage. The other is potentially starting these medications which go throughout the body and treat the cancer, wherever it may be, earlier. We know that one of the risks of all cancers, but lung cancer in particular, is that even with good surgery and removing all of that cancer, there is a chance that there are cancer cells left behind, which leads to risk of recurrence in the years to come after surgery. Naturally, if we start the treatment that can eliminate those cancer cells, wherever they may be, and do that first, perhaps we catch this earlier with fewer cells that have escaped and have a more likely chance of success of eliminating the cancer and resulting in a cure. The third, I think, is one that we still have yet to learn more about, but if we give immunotherapy in particular, these are medications that activate the immune system, particularly the type of immune system cell called a T cell. If that T cell is able to recognize tumor cells, it is more likely to be able to continue to attack those tumor cells. And if we give that treatment prior to removal of the tumor, perhaps that activates the immune system in a more robust way that it can go after these cancer cells and eliminate those that are left behind after the surgery. If you give the immunotherapy after a surgery and the bulk of the tumor, most of the cancer cells have been removed, it may be harder to find those antigens or foreign proteins that are expressed in cancer cells. So the immune system may not be as robustly able to go after cancer if you give it solely after a surgery. Another potential advantage of neoadjuvant approaches is that it really helps us learn as oncologists how well a cancer is responding to a treatment. If we give these treatments for 4 cycles after a surgery, we don't know whether it's eliminating those residual cancer cells or whether it is totally ineffective. If we give it before a surgery and we see that there is tumor reduction or that there is a complete elimination of the cancer, we know that that treatment was an effective treatment at attacking the cancer cells and eliminating them. We know that the cancer was sensitive to that treatment. We can then better prognosticate how well the patients are going to do after surgery. We know based on the latest data that if you achieve what we call a pathologic complete response with chemotherapy and immunotherapy prior to surgery, meaning there are no cancer cells left when we look at that surgical specimen under the microscope, we know that those patients have a much better likelihood of surviving for longer periods of time than those who have active cancer at the time of surgery after prior treatment. And so neoadjuvant approaches allow us in a 2-month time frame to get a great sense of how well our treatments are working and able to prognosticate outcomes based on how well those cancer cells have been eliminated at the time of surgery. One large phase 3 trial called the CheckMate 816 trial was a randomized phase 3 trial and that enrolled patients with stage IB through IIIA non-small cell lung cancer using the old staging system of the 7th edition. These would all now be categorized as stage II and stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients. And it randomized these patients to 3 cycles of chemotherapy plus nivolumab, which is an immunotherapy drug, and compared that to patients treated with chemotherapy alone for 3 cycles. After these 3 cycles of chemotherapy, which is about a 9-week time frame, patients had surgical resection of their tumors. And then after surgery, patients received no further treatment, although treating physicians were allowed to give additional treatments like chemotherapy or radiation if they thought it would be beneficial for these patients, although it was not mandated by the study. One of the first results we saw from this study was that there was a much higher rate of pathologic complete response of 24% of patients achieving a path CR [pathologic complete response] with the nivolumab plus chemotherapy combination compared to only 2.2% with chemotherapy alone. This was highly statistically significant and demonstrated a clear benefit for those receiving the immunotherapy. The other main endpoint of this study was event-free survival, meaning that the time that the patients were alive and without any significant event like cancer progression or death after the enrollment of the trial. And in this analysis, the median event-free survival was significantly longer in those who have received the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy combination prior to surgery. One of the potential concerns about neoadjuvant treatment is that it may render patients unfit for surgery who otherwise could have had their cancer removed. When we look at the outcomes from this CheckMate 816 trial, it actually did not appear to be the case to a large degree. In fact, those that got the nivolumab plus chemotherapy combination were more likely to proceed on with surgery, and the majority did; 83% received the planned surgery. There were patients who were unable to receive surgery due to adverse events of their treatment, but that was only 1% of patients enrolled in the trial. Other reasons for canceling the surgery included disease progression, meaning the cancer got worse to the point where they could not undergo surgery, or other reasons, such as the patient declined surgery, or it was found to be unresectable at the time the surgeon wanted to remove the cancer, or poor lung function.   One of the insights we got from the surgical data from this trial were that those who received the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy had slightly higher rates of smaller surgeries like a lobectomy compared to a pneumonectomy for those who had received [chemotherapy alone.] There were also fewer numbers of patients who required a conversion from a minimally invasive surgical procedure to an open surgical procedure if they were getting the immunotherapy combination. A higher number of patients also were able to have complete resection of their tumor if they received the immunotherapy/chemotherapy combination. The length of hospitalization was slightly lower, and the rates of pain were slightly lower in those who received the combination as well. These comparisons were not statistically significantly different, but numerically, there seems to be at least a trend toward benefit in surgical outcomes in this neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy approach. And I think this makes sense. We know that this combination is more able to eliminate a cancer and make it a pathologic complete response when we look at it under the microscope, and therefore, if there is shrinking the tumor to a higher degree, naturally, it seems there would be more likely of completely removing the tumor, using a smaller incision to remove that tumor, shortening the length of stay in the hospital and recovery time and pain control. All makes sense if we know that the treatment itself is able to reduce that size of the tumor. There are many other phase 3 trials ongoing studying the impact of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. The AEGEAN trial has recently reported data at the AACR meeting this year in 2023 with similar results that we saw with the CheckMate 816 trial. There are 3 other phase 3 trials that are ongoing, one of which we will see later this summer called the KEYNOTE-671 trial evaluating pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting and then 2 other trials evaluating nivolumab, the CheckMate 77T trial, or atezolizumab in the IMpower030 trial. Each of these more recent trials typically have used 4 cycles of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy prior to surgery and also continued the immunotherapy after surgery for a period of time, most commonly approximately 1 year. From the data we have seen so far, it remains uncertain whether additional immunotherapy beyond the 3 or 4 cycles given in the neoadjuvant setting provides any additional benefit. We still do not understand what to do with patients who did not achieve a pathologic response whether further treatment would be of any additional benefit. We do not know if there will be further benefit even in those that achieved a pathologic complete response whether a slightly longer duration of immunotherapy would further improve outcomes in that group. We suspect with longer-term follow-up over the years of all of these phase 3 trials that some of these questions will be answered. So what are some key questions that patients should ask when considering a neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy approach? I think the first question that's key is what is my tumor stage? We know that the trials that enrolled patients with a neoadjuvant approach enrolled patients using our current staging system would be a stage II or stage III lung cancer. And this is where it gets really tricky is, what subdivision of stage III is it? We tend to think of stage IIIA's as being one that it would be surgically resectable, with a smaller number of stage IIIBs, and then stage IIIC, one that we would not typically recommend surgery for. I think the next question within the tumor stage is, is this based on imaging or based on the biopsies? And we know that biopsies are really the best way to stage locally advanced cancers, particularly getting samples of lymph nodes in the mediastinum. Sometimes what looks like a stage I or stage II on imaging is, in fact, a stage III based on biopsies that are done at the time of surgery. It's ideal to know that information prior to making the decision about surgery so that that surgery is not futile.   On the opposite side, sometimes there is imaging suggestive of lymph nodes that are enlarged in the mediastinum, and it's presumed that this is a more advanced stage III and is not surgically resectable. However, if you go and biopsy those lymph nodes, sometimes they are benign. Sometimes they are inflammation related to infection or cancer but do not actually contain cancer cells. And so we typically advise that getting biopsies of lymph nodes in the mediastinum, at least any that are particularly suspicious, is highly recommended for these locally advanced cancers. I think the next question that's key to ask is, what are my tumor biomarkers? And there are multiple biomarkers that we look at in non-small cell lung cancer that help us decide what is the best treatment. What is the best approach? What is the best medicine to treat the cancer? We know that one of these biomarkers that is a key is a mutation. So multiple different mutations can occur in lung cancers, particularly those that are adenocarcinoma subtypes. And these mutations may be less likely to benefit from immunotherapy and we may want to take a different approach with surgery, chemotherapy, and potentially targeted therapies that specifically target that mutation that exists in the tumor. The other key biomarker here is PD-L1. We know that tumors with a higher level of PD-L1 are more likely to respond and benefit from immunotherapy. As of right now, that PD-L1 status plays a more important role in the adjuvant setting. All of the chemotherapy plus immunotherapy combinations in the neoadjuvant setting seem to benefit the group as a whole regardless of that PD-L1 status. But still, an important biomarker that we should have prior to making all final decisions on treatment. I think another question that should be asked any time you have an earlier stage cancer is, is my tumor surgically resectable? And there can be many reasons why cancers are not resectable, perhaps due to the anatomy of where the tumor is located, if it invades into the mediastinum, for example, or is near large blood vessels, or perhaps because there are too many lymph nodes and this is a more advanced stage. And so I think the main reasons for not being surgically resectable would be the tumor is too large, if the stage is too high, or is it more of a function of fitness for surgery and that can be because of other underlying lung disease. Perhaps removing part or all of a lung would not be safe due to impaired lung function to begin with. And I think it's important to understand that sometimes stage III lung cancers are resectable and sometimes they are not, and understanding the reason why they are not, I think, is important. And then I think lastly and ultimately when we're talking about a neoadjuvant approach, you want to ask your treating oncologist, "Would it be better to give my treatment before surgery or after surgery?" And really discuss the pros and cons with the physician and have them incorporate all of the factors that go into these treatment decisions. How well you'll tolerate chemotherapy, other medical conditions that may play a role in the likeliness of getting through those treatments safely, perhaps underlying diseases that may increase the risk of immune-related side effects with immunotherapy. You really want to factor in all of these things and discuss the pros and cons of a systemic treatment first versus surgery first before making final decisions on how to treat locally advanced lung cancer. All right. Thank you. ASCO: Thank you, Dr. Gentzler. Next, Dr. Aggarwal will discuss what people with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer should know about their adjuvant treatment options for after lung surgery.   Dr. Aggarwal: This is Dr. Charu Aggarwal. I'm the Leslye Heisler Associate Professor for Lung Cancer Excellence at University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center. And today I will talk to you about the use of adjuvant immunotherapy in the setting of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. We'll start by discussing what adjuvant therapy is, what types of options we have for adjuvant therapy, what kind of testing is important, and what options there may be in terms of adjuvant immunotherapy. So let's get started. Early-stage lung cancer comprises of stages between stage I to stage III. These stages vary by the size of the tumor as well as the level of lymph node involvement. In the setting of very early-stage lung cancer, such as stage I and stage II, as well as some select stage III lung cancers, we recommend surgical resection. And in these patients, the use of additional treatment is recommended based upon the pathological determination of the tumor size as well as the lymph node status. If usually lymph nodes are involved, we recommend adjuvant chemotherapy, and also, many experts will deliver adjuvant chemotherapy for tumors that may be larger than 4 centimeters even in the absence of lymph node involvement. The data for adjuvant chemotherapy comes from several large clinical trials that were conducted about a couple of decades ago now that demonstrated not only an improvement in preventing recurrence of the cancer but also a modest improvement in overall survival, really laying the ground for improvement and therefore becoming the gold standard. Four cycles of chemotherapy are usually administered about 6 to 12 weeks following surgical resection, and this is really the basis of our treatment in the early-stage setting. In today's time and age, we now have several other options. We have treatment options that include molecular therapy, which is biomarker driven, as well as the use of immunotherapy. So it's actually very important for us in the adjuvant setting--or in the post-surgical setting--to test for mutations such as EGFR. It's also important for us to test PD-L1 status. So let's dive into why each of these may be important. Patients with EGFR mutations, especially those with sensitizing mutations in EGFR exon 19 or 21, now have the opportunity to receive a targeted therapy in the form of osimertinib, which is an oral drug, very targeted and specific for the EGFR mutation that has been studied in a clinical trial setting in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. In patients with stage IB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation, use of osimertinib was associated with a significant improvement in our ability to delay the recurrence of cancer. Based on this significant improvement, FDA approved therapy with osimertinib, and it is currently available and ready to use. We usually recommend it for 3 years, so daily therapy for 3 years, and patients are monitored with routine CAT scans and lab work. For patients who don't have an EGFR mutation, we do recommend broad panel testing. Of course, this is not the standard, but I think it's important for us to identify patients who may not benefit from immunotherapy. Patients that have an ALK mutation, for example, or ROS1 translocation, may not have the best chances of responding to adjuvant immunotherapy, and therefore, I think testing should be performed to make sure that we are having a shared decision-making conversation with our patients about the use of the correct adjuvant options. In terms of adjuvant immunotherapy, we now have 2 approved agents. One of them is atezolizumab, and the other one that was just recently approved is pembrolizumab. Atezolizumab was approved on the basis of a large clinical trial called the IMpower010 study, which randomized 1,280 patients with stage IB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer to either 1 year of atezolizumab or best supportive care. Of note, all of these patients had to have had adjuvant chemotherapy that included a cisplatin platinum chemotherapy. In the first analysis, we found that the disease-free survival or the probability of the patients remaining cancer-free was significantly improved in those patients that had a tumor expression of PD-L1 greater than or equal to 1% and received atezolizumab compared to patients who did not receive atezolizumab. On the basis of this positive primary endpoint, the U.S. FDA approved the use of adjuvant atezolizumab for patients with stage II to IIIA resected non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Recently, we heard that this does lead to small but significant improvement in overall survival. There is a trend towards improvement in overall survival. However, the data are quite immature at this point, and we do need longer follow-up to be able to follow this trend. The greatest magnitude of overall survival benefit was found in patients who had the PD-L1 greater than or equal to 50%. So it's important to know what the PD-L1 level of a patient may be when I'm thinking about adjuvant immunotherapy because adjuvant immunotherapy is most likely to benefit those that don't have an actionable mutation, such as EGFR, and those that have the highest PD-L1 staining, at least in the IMpower trial. Secondly, the PEARLS clinical trial is a clinical trial that evaluated the use of pembrolizumab, which is another immunotherapy agent, again, in the adjuvant setting. For this clinical trial as well, there was a small but significant improvement in disease-free survival, again preventing the probability of recurrence in all patients that received pembrolizumab compared to the best supportive care. And basically, this led to also an approval by the FDA for the use of pembrolizumab. Again, now we have 2 options. Both of these are administered for 1 year. What should patients know about therapy? These drugs are usually administered once every 3 weeks. They are given intravenously. Sometimes, we can change the treatment schedule to be either once every 4 weeks in the case of atezolizumab or every 6 weeks in the case of pembrolizumab. These may be associated with some side effects. Immunotherapy side effects that are most common are fatigue, chills, myalgias, or basically a feeling of pains in the body or joints. But also, some serious life-threatening reactions can occur such as activation of the immune system to such an extent that the immune system may start to attack the body's organs. So this may lead to swelling or inflammation in the organs that may manifest itself as colitis if the gut gets inflamed, or pneumonitis if the lungs were to get inflamed, or pancreatitis if the pancreas were to get inflamed. Any organ in the body can really get inflamed. We've certainly seen cases of thyroiditis. We've seen cases of polyarthritis. We've seen cases where the brain may also get inflamed or the pituitary may get inflamed. So there are definitely some life-threatening reactions or side effects that can occur with the use of immunotherapy that should be closely monitored. The benefit of having used immunotherapy in the metastatic setting is that now we have a lot of experience managing these side effects. And if recognized early, these side effects can be managed appropriately with the use of steroids as well as holding therapy. Many of the times, we can even reinstitute immunotherapy without significant harm to the patients. However, I think immunotherapy benefits as well as side effects should be discussed in detail with the provider, especially in the adjuvant setting. Patients may ask if neoadjuvant immunotherapy along with chemotherapy is a better approach compared to adjuvant immunotherapy. At this time, we don't have a clinical trial that is comparing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery to an approach that is surgery followed by adjuvant immunotherapy. In general, I would say that if the decision by a multidisciplinary team has been made to proceed with surgery, careful discussion should be had about adjuvant chemotherapy as well as the use of adjuvant immunotherapy, and molecular testing should be performed. All patients with early-stage disease should have a multidisciplinary tumor board discussion, which includes engagement with surgeons, radiation oncologists, pulmonologists, pathologists, and medical oncologists so that they can ensure that many experts have had the chance to weigh into their case as well as come to the right conclusion on whether or not to use new adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy or just to proceed with surgical resection. ASCO: Thank you, Dr. Aggarwal. You can learn more about neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment options for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer at www.cancer.net/lung. Cancer.Net Podcasts feature trusted, timely, and compassionate information for people with cancer, survivors, and their families and loved ones. Subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts for expert information and tips on coping with cancer, recaps of the latest research advances, and thoughtful discussions on cancer care.   And check out other ASCO Podcasts to hear the latest interviews and insights from thought leaders, innovators, experts, and pioneers in oncology.  Cancer.Net is supported by Conquer Cancer, the ASCO Foundation, which funds lifesaving research for every type of cancer, helping people with cancer everywhere. To help fund Cancer.Net and programs like it, donate at CONQUER.ORG/Donate. 

El 28 de octubre celebramos los 175 años de la llegada del primer tren de vapor a la península Ibérica. Es una historia de éxito. Pero no fue un camino fácil. Cuando nacieron los trenes, a principios del XIX, la economía estaba hundida. Y salvar con un tren las montañas patrias era toda una proeza técnica. Sin embargo, España aceptó el reto, superó todos los obstáculos y consiguió una red de caminos de hierro que redujo tiempos. Acercó lugares. Cambió el paisaje. Abarató costes. Y trajo una nueva forma de viajar.  Es una historia apasionante. Y, por eso, David Botello (@DavidBotello4) y Esther Sánchez (@estesan1969), acompañados por el cómico Miguel Ángel Martín (más conocido como @tunomandas), te proponen un recorrido por las mejores historias del ferrocarril. Si quieres acompañarnos, ¡súbete a la Historia!

En Cuarto Milenio queremos rendir un especial homenaje al dibujante Ibáñez y a muchos de sus personajes. La mítica editorial Bruguera publicó buena parte de sus historias, que, aunque muchos no lo recuerden, también abordó el enigma de los ovnis y de otros tantos misterios, de los que hoy hablará Iker Jiménez. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

El Medievo tuvo entre sus principales actores las Órdenes Militares, que, nacidas en el contexto de las Cruzadas, fueron fiel reflejo del pensamiento de la época. Descritos en la actualidad como monjes guerreros, su verdadera denominación era en realidad la de freires o fratres, su legado histórico, de amplia trascendencia en la configuración de Occidente, es objeto de interés y evocación continua, desde el estudio riguroso a la reinterpretación más o menos novelada. Con guion de Ana Vega Toscano, el documental Órdenes militares: La cruz y la espada, se adentra en el mundo de las órdenes más destacadas, su gestación y principales características, con especial énfasis en las órdenes de fundación hispánica. La primera y más famosa orden militar, la de El Temple, se crea en 1120 en Jerusalén poco tiempo después de que los cruzados conquistaran la ciudad, y pronto se uniría a ella la orden de El Hospital de San Juan de Jerusalén. El espíritu de su fundación respondía al impulso de la Reforma Gregoriana, origen del ideario de Cruzada o de reformas monásticas tan influyentes como el Císter. Su función esencial fue la defensa de la cristiandad y el papado ante sus enemigos. Órdenes que nacen de la unión de dos espíritus, el militar y el religioso, hasta entonces separados en el seno de la Iglesia, en orden al concepto de Guerra Santa. Por este motivo, la aparición de los caballeros templarios supuso un hecho revolucionario en su momento. Estas dos órdenes universales, templarios y hospitalarios, llegarán pronto a España: su función inicial había sido la defensa ante el mundo musulmán, y las dos fronteras principales de la cristiandad con el Islam se encontraban en Tierra Santa y en la Península Ibérica. Por ello, el mayor número de órdenes militares territoriales se dará en el ámbito hispánico, con ejemplos destacados en las órdenes de Calatrava, Santiago, Alcántara, y, más tardíamente, Montesa. Su participación en la frontera ante las ofensivas de almohades o almorávides será importante, así como en el posterior avance, que culminará con la toma del reino nazarí de Granada. Las huellas de su presencia quedarán marcadas en amplias zonas de la geografía peninsular. Documentos RNE cuenta en este programa con la participación de Carlos de Ayala, catedrático de Historia Medieval de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y especialista en el estudio de las órdenes militares en la Edad Media; Santiago Palacios, profesor de Historia Medieval de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y autor de la monografía Cruzada y Órdenes Militares en la Edad Media; y Carlos Barquero, profesor de la UNED y especialista de la Orden del Hospital en España. Igualmente se rescatan del Archivo de RTVE grabaciones históricas del hispanista inglés Derek Lomax, y el medievalista y miembro de la Real Academia de la Historia Eloy Benito Ruano, así como registros del Sello RTVE con las voces del monasterio femenino de San Pelayo en Oviedo. Escuchar audio

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! La Inquisición Española, también conocida como la Santa Inquisición, es una de las instituciones más controvertidas y notorias de la historia europea. Fundada en 1478 por los Reyes Católicos, Isabel I de Castilla y Fernando II de Aragón, la Inquisición Española desempeñó un papel fundamental en la vida política y religiosa de España durante varios siglos. En este artículo, exploraremos la historia, las actividades y el legado de esta institución que dejó una profunda huella en la historia de España y en la memoria colectiva de la humanidad. Orígenes y Contexto: La Inquisición Española surgió en el contexto de la Reconquista, el proceso de recuperación de la Península Ibérica por parte de los reinos cristianos después de siglos de dominación musulmana. Con la unión de Castilla y Aragón bajo los Reyes Católicos en 1469, se consolidó un Estado más poderoso y centralizado. Al mismo tiempo, España se convirtió en un importante actor en la escena internacional con la finalización de la Guerra de Granada en 1492 y el descubrimiento de América por Cristóbal Colón. La consolidación del poder real y la unidad religiosa eran objetivos clave para los Reyes Católicos, y la Iglesia Católica desempeñó un papel central en la promoción de estos objetivos. La Inquisición Española se estableció como una herramienta para mantener la ortodoxia religiosa y eliminar cualquier amenaza percibida a la fe católica. Funciones y Operaciones: La principal función de la Inquisición Española era la persecución de la herejía, lo que incluía la detección y el enjuiciamiento de aquellos que se consideraban herejes o cismáticos. La herejía se definía como cualquier desviación de la doctrina católica oficial. Los métodos de la Inquisición eran infames por su severidad. Los acusados enfrentaban interrogatorios, juicios, torturas y, en muchos casos, la ejecución en la hoguera. El proceso a menudo carecía de las protecciones legales modernas, y la confesión bajo tortura era una práctica común. Los inquisidores investigaban a personas sospechosas de herejía, incluyendo a conversos judíos y musulmanes, así como a aquellos que expresaban opiniones consideradas heterodoxas. La Inquisición también tenía el poder de confiscar bienes y propiedades de los condenados. El Impacto de la Inquisición Española: La Inquisición Española dejó una profunda huella en la historia de España. Aunque se centraba en la persecución religiosa, sus efectos se extendieron a la cultura, la política y la sociedad. Algunos de los impactos más notorios incluyen: La intolerancia religiosa: La Inquisición promovió un clima de temor y desconfianza en la sociedad española, lo que llevó a la persecución de minorías religiosas y la conversión forzada de judíos y musulmanes al cristianismo. La censura y el control ideológico: La Inquisición también controlaba la producción de libros y obras literarias, lo que limitaba la difusión de ideas consideradas heréticas. La influencia en la literatura y el arte: La Inquisición y su clima de represión se reflejan en la literatura y el arte de la época. Por ejemplo, la obra "Don Quijote de la Mancha" de Cervantes critica la intolerancia religiosa y la hipocresía de la Inquisición. El Declive y la Abolición: A lo largo de los siglos, la influencia de la Inquisición Española disminuyó gradualmente. La Ilustración y las ideas de la tolerancia religiosa en el siglo XVIII cuestionaron su existencia. Además, la invasión napoleónica de España en el siglo XIX resultó en la supresión temporal de la Inquisición. Finalmente, en 1834, el gobierno liberal de María Cristina de Borbón emitió un decreto que puso fin a la Inquisición española. Esta abolición marcó un cambio significativo en la historia de España hacia un Estado más liberal y secular. Legado y Reflexión: La Inquisición Española sigue siendo un tema controvertido y una parte inextricable de la historia de España. A medida que el país se modernizaba y se alejaba de su pasado intolerante, la memoria de la Inquisición quedó como un recordatorio de las tensiones religiosas y la persecución ideológica. Hoy en día, la Inquisición Española se estudia como un ejemplo de los peligros de la intolerancia religiosa y la represión del pensamiento libre. La Inquisición Española es un episodio complejo y oscuro de la historia que nos recuerda la importancia de la tolerancia, la diversidad y el respeto por las creencias de los demás en una --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antena Historia te regala 30 días PREMIUM, para que lo disfrutes https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=b4688a50868967db9ca413741a54cea5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produce Antonio Cruz Edita ANTENA HISTORIA Antena Historia (podcast) forma parte del sello iVoox Originals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- web……….https://antenahistoria.com/ correo.....info@antenahistoria.com Facebook…..Antena Historia Podcast | Facebook Twitter…...https://twitter.com/AntenaHistoria Telegram…...https://t.me/foroantenahistoria DONACIONES PAYPAL...... https://paypal.me/ancrume ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿QUIERES ANUNCIARTE en ANTENA HISTORIA?, menciones, cuñas publicitarias, programas personalizados, etc. Dirígete a Antena Historia - AdVoices Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

There are a lot of big time games this weekend beyond the huge Notre Dame vs Clemson game. At the end of the Midweek Rundown, IB publisher Bryan Driskell previewed the biggest games of the weekend and how those games impact Notre Dame. Games discussed include: LSU at Alabama Kansas State at Texas Washington at USC Missouri at Georgia Penn State at Maryland Oklahoma at Oklahoma State Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

There are a lot of big time games this weekend beyond the huge Notre Dame vs Clemson game. At the end of the Midweek Rundown, IB publisher Bryan Driskell previewed the biggest games of the weekend and how those games impact Notre Dame. Games discussed include: LSU at Alabama Kansas State at Texas Washington at USC Missouri at Georgia Penn State at Maryland Oklahoma at Oklahoma State Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

DEVOCIÓN MATUTINA PARA ADULTOS 2023“YO ESTOY CONTIGO”Narrado por: Roberto NavarroDesde: Montreal, CanadáUna cortesía de DR'Ministries y Canaan Seventh-Day Adventist Church 29 DE OCTUBRE                                                   "HAGAN USTEDES CON LOS DEMÁS..." Hagan ustedes con los demás como quieran que los demás hagan con ustedes; porque en eso se resumen la ley y los profetas (Mateo 7:12, DHH). Imaginemos el siguiente cuadro: "Estamos en una ciudad con hedor a muerte. A nuestro alrededor, caen nuestra familia y nuestros amigos. Nunca podremos estar seguros de sí caeremos enfermos nosotros también. En medio de tan espantosas circunstancias, los humanos son arrastrados a preguntarse por qué. ¿Por qué ocurre esto? ¿Por qué ellos y no yo? ¿Moriremos todos? ¿Por qué existe el mundo? ¿Qué va a pasar después? ¿Qué podemos hacer?". *Dice el sociólogo Rodney Stark que las respuestas a dichas preguntas formuladas las bases para que el cristianismo conquistara al Imperio Romano. Cuando las pandemias azotaban algún territorio del imperio, la gente planteaba esas preguntas. Acudían a los sacerdotes paganos, pero estos eran incapaces de responderlas. Si recurrían a los filósofos, recibirían una larga perorata, pero los interrogantes seguirían ahí, pues ellos tampoco tenían respuestas. El cuadro imaginario que presentamos al inicio era la realidad con la que se encontraban los cristianos. Y en medio de las crisis de fe que suscitaban las epidemias, los creyentes encontraron el ambiente propicio para explicar su fe. De ese modo, los cristianos hicieron lo que los paganos y los filósofos no pudieron: dar consuelo.De acuerdo con Dionisio de Alejandría, en tanto que alejaban de los enfermos y los dejaban en los caminos para que muriesen, "la mayoría de nuestros hermanos cristianos mostraron un amor y lealtad ilimitadas, sin mostrar jamás mezquindad, pensando solo en el prójimo. Despreocupados ante los peligros, se hicieron carga de los enfermos, atendiendo a todas sus necesidades y sirviéndolos en Cristo". **A las preguntas: ¿Por qué ocurre esto? ¿Por qué ellos y no yo? ¿Moriremos todos? ¿Por qué existe el mundo? ¿Qué va a pasar después? ¿Qué podemos hacer? Los cristianos respondieron sin entrar en los incontables misterios del sufrimiento, sino poniendo en práctica la regla de oro: "Hagan ustedes con los demás, como quieran que los demás hagan con ustedes; porque en eso se resumen la ley y los profetas" (Mateo 7:12, DHH). Nuestra respuesta al dilema humano se resume, como dijo Pablo, en una sola palabra: "Amaras a tu prójimo como a ti mismo" (Gálatas 5:14). Eso fue lo que hizo que el cristianismo surgiera; y es lo que hará que se mantenga hasta el fin de los tiempos.* Rodney Stark, La expansión del cristianismo: un estudio sociológico (Madrid: Editorial Trota, 2009), p. 79.** Ibíd., pág. 81.

After breaking down the keys to victory for Notre Dame over Pitt and making our score predictions we answered questions from IB subscribers and listeners. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

durée : 00:58:22 - Avec philosophie - par : Géraldine Muhlmann - Deux destins liés à l'histoire contemporaine de l'Europe, la poétesse russe Marina Tsvetaïeva (1892-1941) et la philosophe espagnole María Zambrano (1904-1991) ont en commun d'avoir pris le chemin de l'exil pour fuir la répression. Comment penser et écrire en exil ? - invités : Carla Michel Collaboratrice ; Camille Lacau St Guily Maîtresse de conférence à Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Lettres, à l'UFR d'Études Ibériques et Latino-américaines; Nadine Dubourvieux

After breaking down what we need to see from Notre Dame down the stretch and previewing the Pitt Panthers we answered questions from IB subscribers and listeners. Shop for Irish Breakdown gear at our online store: https://ibstore.irishbreakdown.com/  Join the Irish Breakdown premium message board: https://boards.irishbreakdown.com  Stay locked into Irish Breakdown for all the latest news and analysis about Notre Dame: https://www.irishbreakdown.com​ Subscribe to the Irish Breakdown podcast on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...​ Like and follow Irish Breakdown on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/irishbreakdown Sign up for the FREE Irish Breakdown daily newsletter: https://www.subscribepage.com/irish-breakdown-newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices